A universal cycle (u-cycle) is a compact listing of a collection of combinatorial objects. In this paper, we use natural encodings of these objects to show the existence of u-cycles for collections of subsets, restricted multisets, and lattice paths. For subsets, we show that a u-cycle exists for the $k$-subsets of an $n$-set if we let $k$ vary in a non zero length interval. We use this result to construct a "covering" of length $(1+o(1))$$n \choose k$ for all subsets of $[n]$ of size exactly $k$ with a specific formula for the $o(1)$ term. We also show that u-cycles exist for all $n$-length words over some alphabet $\Sigma,$ which contain all characters from $R \subset \Sigma.$ Using this result we provide u-cycles for encodings of Sperner families of size 2 and proper chains of subsets.


Plant volatile chemicals play a decisive role in the plant-insect chemical communication, and regulating insect behaviors, such as attracting insect toward host plant, promoting insect feeding or orienting insect to oviposition site or pollination of flowers and defense. Several plants, when injured by herbivorous insects emit chemical signals to attract natural enemies of these insects. These chemical signals are blends of volatile terpenoids among other compounds that are released by plants, leading insect to distinguish between infested an un-infested plants. Although the use of pheromones for insect pest management has attracted much more attention than plant volatiles, it should be emphasized that the first efforts to apply semiochemicals for crop protection were made with natural plant volatile. Using plant volatile for monitoring and controlling insect pests, simple inexpensive sticky traps have become standard monitoring tools for many insect pests in recent years. The technology of use of plant volatile in intergrated pest management of insect pests appears to have virtually limitless possibilities and can provide the impetus for development of new and novel methods of insect pest suppression. Genetic manipulation of genes responsible for the synthesis of plant volatile, with special repellent odor, or some specific volatile for controlling insect behavior has been suggested.


The problem of constructing high quality point clouds based on measurements from a moving and rotating single-photon counting lidar is considered in this report. The movement is along a straight rail while the lidar sensor rotates side to side. The point clouds are constructed in three steps, which are all studied in this master's thesis. First, point clouds are constructed from raw lidar measurements from single sweeps with the lidar. In the second step, the sensor transformation between the point clouds constructed in the first step are obtained in a registration step using iterative closest point (ICP). In the third step the point clouds are combined to a coherent point cloud, using the full measurement. A method using simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is developed for the third step. It is then compared to two other methods, constructing the final point cloud only using the registration, and to utilize odometric information in the combination step. It is also investigated which voxel discretization that should be used when extracting the point clouds. The methods developed are evaluated using experimental data from a prototype photon counting lidar system. The results show that the voxel discretization need to be at least as large as the range quantization in the lidar. No significant difference between using registration and SLAM in the third step is observed, but both methods outperform the odometric method.


This chapter takes up the issue of how and where commuter students, students who do not have access to peer support through living on campus, locate their sense of campus belonging. When students lack a "place" on campus, they are more likely to adopt a functional ("I go to school") identity rather than an all-encompassing ("I am a student") identity. After all, the challenge of commuting is often much more than the physical distance between home and school. The chapter shows how this commuter status is both an identification and an identity. This is seen through the experiences of students who range in their ability to successfully transition as commuting students—from experiencing their residential status as simply a factor of their reality to experiencing it as the central obstacle to fully becoming a college student.


The Estonian eFlora is an example of the new e-learning tools prepared by the KeyToNature consortium. It is an interactive digital identification key for more than 1000 plant species recorded from Estonia. The tool is freely available on the internet in Estonian and English and has two interfaces (dichotomous and multi-entry), which allow the identification of species using different approaches. Another tool developed by KeyToNature, the OpenKeyEditor, allows users not only to edit the text of the existing master key, but also to produce mini-keys restricted to smaller subsets of taxa (e.g. the plants of a park, or a scool garden), and to add user-generated content to them. The reaction to these tools from public media and educational circles has been very positive. Index Terms — education, Estonia, e-tools, identification, key, plants. —————————— u ——————————


OBJECTIVE To study the main pathogens of nosocomial pulmonary infection in SICU. METHODS Prospective studies were conducted in 102 cases of SICU patients with ICU LOS (lengths of stay) no less than 48 hours.Bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test were used for pathogen examination. RESULTS Among 102 cases,the rate of pulmonary infection was 41.2%,the main pathogens were Gram negative organisms(86.4%), the number of Gram positive organisms was 13.6%. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that except the extent of severe disease,the main pathogen of noscomial pulmonary infection in our SICU be Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.


Computational software technology in modeling and simulation has revolutionized the methodology of research in engineering. This paper presents the use of MATLAB software tools for modeling and simulation in the field of power electronics and its applications in renewable energy conversion systems. In this paper the simulation using MATLAB/Simulink environment has been carried out to evaluate the performance of 3-phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG) with electronic load controller used in micro/pico hydro power generation system. The main aim of the control strategies for 3-phase self-excited induction generators is to regulate or maintain the desired voltage and frequency of the generated output. This is achieved using electronic load controller. The main function of the electronic load controller is to maintain the output load constant as seen by the induction generator under different consumer load conditions and also to maintain the required power quality standards. In this paper, simulated results of performance of 3-phase SEIG with electronic load controller feeding isolated load under different operating conditions has been presented. The simulation software with strong graphical programming tools gives the liberty to continuous upgrade the system until optimized results are achieved which can be used in real time hardware implementation of the designed system.


Current observations of supernova remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7-3946 favor the leptonic scenario for the TeV emission, where the radio to X-ray emission is produced via the synchrotron process and the γ-ray emission is produced via the inverse Comptonization of soft background photons, and the electron distribution can be inferred from the observed γ-ray spectrum with a spectral inversion method. It is shown that the observed correlation between the X-ray and γ-ray brightness of SNR RX J1713.7-3946 can be readily explained with the assumption that the energy density of energetic electrons is proportional to that of the magnetic field in such a scenario. A two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation is then carried out to model the overall emission spectrum. It is found that the total energy of electrons above ∼1 GeV is equal to that of the magnetic field. This is the first piece of observational evidence for energy equipartition between energetic electrons and magnetic field in the downstream of strong collisionless astrophysical shocks of SNRs.


The coexistence of cognitive radio (CR) networks in the same swath of spectrum has become an increasingly important problem, which is especially challenging when coexisting networks are heterogeneous (i.e., use different air interface standards), such as the case in TV white spaces. In this paper, we propose a credit-token-based spectrum etiquette framework that enables spectrum sharing among distributed heterogeneous CR networks with equal priority. Specifically, we propose a game-auction coexistence framework. Each network acts as either an offerer or a requester, and coexists with other networks via a non-cooperative game and a truthful multi-winner auction. The framework addresses the trade-offs among social welfare and offerer's revenue in the auction and requester's utility in the game. We prove that the framework guarantees system stability. Our simulation results show that the proposed coexistence framework always converges to a near-optimal distributed solution and improves coexistence fairness and spectrum utilization.


This paper discusses the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) initial attempts to develop a policy and standards on cost-effectiveness claims. The agency has had difficulty accomplishing this because much of the information produced by safety and efficacy trials is not the information needed by health plans, practitioners, and patients. Political change in Washington this past year has raised new questions about just what FDA's role should be in regulating economic information. FDA needs to conduct a major rethinking of its review process, keeping in mind the kind of information everyone involved in the health care delivery system needs.


The Arctic temperature response to emissions of aerosols—specifically black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and sulfate—depends on both the sector and the region where these emissions originate. Thus, the net Arctic temperature response to global aerosol emissions reductions will depend strongly on the blend of emissions sources being targeted. We use recently published equilibrium Arctic temperature response factors for BC, OC, and sulfate to estimate the range of present‐day and future Arctic temperature changes from seven different aerosol emissions scenarios. Globally, Arctic temperature changes calculated from all of these emissions scenarios indicate that present‐day emissions from the domestic and transportation sectors generate the majority of present‐day Arctic warming from BC. However, in all of these scenarios, this warming is more than offset by cooling resulting from SO2 emissions from the energy sector. Thus, long‐term climate mitigation strategies that are focused on reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the energy sector could generate short‐term, aerosol‐induced Arctic warming. A properly phased approach that targets BC‐rich emissions from the transportation sector as well as the domestic sectors in key regions—while simultaneously working toward longer‐term goals of CO2 mitigation—could potentially avoid some amount of short‐term Arctic warming.


One of the difficulties to predict atmospheric nucleation is related to inaccurate measure of the total sulfuric acid concentration. We present a density functional theory investigation of the SO2 gas phase oxidation by SO4−. In the immediate product, SO2.SO4− cluster, SO2 is subsequently oxidized and SO3SO3− is formed at 1.7 × 10−7 s−1 reaction rate. SO3SO3− interacts with O2 molecule to form SO3 and SO5−, which are important species in the gas phase chemistry of sulfur and in the formation mechanism of sulfuric acid.


tions of rare but essential texts. This fifth volume in the series is especially useful since few university libraries and comparatively few scholars possess copies of De tragoediae constitutions (Fortunately, as Professors McManmon and Sellin inform us, we will soon possess a definitive edition of the Latin text, to be prepared by Dr. J. H. Meter and published by the University of Utrecht.) This English translation of Heinsius' treatise seeks 'not to duplicate Dr. Meter's labor, but to serve as its complement'; it will be not only very helpful to specialists in Renaissance drama and poetics, but equally valuable for students in the classroom.


The moulder is one of the most widely used machines in the wood industry. Its function is to cut stock with rough dimensions to a finished width, thickness, and cross-sectional shape in one pass, making it cost effective to produce mouldings, floors, window and furniture components, etc. Today's moulders are fast, safe, flexible, versatile, precise, and productive. Many different configurations can be selected when specifying the purchase of a moulder. The Moulder Economic Calculator (MEC) was developed to determine the economic impact of choosing different moulder configurations. The calculator uses input data on machine price and purchase method, machine configuration, production parameters, and production costs. The MEC program gives three types of outputs: surface quality, productivity, and costs. The MEC program is a flexible tool that allows the user to estimate the cost of machining one linear foot of wood. Some capabilities of the MEC program include determining the effect of machine price on mach...


The leukocyte count in epilepsy has been discussed by a number of authors, but their opinions on this subject, as encountered in the literature, are controversial. Spangler1and Wuth2stated that before the convulsion the white cell count is normal; Riebes3described a leukocytosis occuring at this time, and Hartmann4and Di Gaspero5claimed that leukopenia occurs. Schultz,6Itten,7Zimmermann,8and Gorrieri9reported a lymphocytosis preceding the attack; Gorrieri9also postulated eosinophilia. During the seizure, Wuth2and Goedicke10found leukocytosis, Di Gaspero5recorded leukopenia, and Zimmermann,8Schultz6and Rhode11asserted that there is lymphocytosis. Zimmermann8and Schultz6proclaimed, in addition, eosinophilia. After the paroxysm, Spangler,1Wuth,2Itten,7Riebes,3and Schultz6observed leukocytosis, while Riebes3likewise noted lymphocytosis, and Gorrieri,9Di Gaspero5and Schultz6


The topology control can improve the performance of ad hoc networks,the topological connectivity of beam forming antennas in multihop wireless networks is more complicated than topologies for wireless networks with omni-directional antennas.This paper proposes a local optimal topology control algorithm for ad hoc networks based on steered beam directional antennas.This kind of algorithm uses the idea of cluster to divide the network into a number of areas which can be overlapped.Through running the local Minimum Spanning Tree(MST) algorithm,the neighbourship of nodes in areas is confirmed.Regulating the transmission power of nodes and changing the directional antenna's direction,beam width and gain, topology can be built.It reduces the average node degrees and the transmission power,thus energy consumption is reduced, traffic interference is decreased and the network throughput is improved.The result of simulation shows that this algorithm significantly improve the network performance.


This study assessed the hypothesis that degree of Ll activation influences L2 production accuracy by examining bilinguals who used their Ll on a regular basis in a bilingual setting: Otavalo, Ecuador. Thirty native Quichua speakers who had begun to learn Spanish between the ages of 6-8 years were recruited to form three groups differing in self-reported LI use. The three groups repeated five aurally presented Spanish sentences. Native Spanish listeners rated the blocked, randomly presented Spanish sentences for degree of Quichua accent. The High Ll Use group had stronger Quichua accents than the Low Ll Use group. The more the Quichua subjects used their Ll, the less Spanish-like their sentences were judged to be. This finding supports the proposal that the amount of Ll use influences production in the L2, indicating that factors other than neurological maturation influence the success of L2 learning.


Some severe acute inflammatory reactions are charac- terized by polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration as well as vascular and tissue damage with hem- orrhage. Two types of mediators that may be involved in such reactions are chemotactic factors and prosta- glandins. The chemotactic factors can induce PMN infiltration, while some types of prostaglandins cause vasodilatation. We reported previously that injection of soluble, nonphagocytosable chemotactic stimuli, zy- mosan-activated plasma (ZAP), or C5a des Arg into rabbit skin induced PMN-dependent hemorrhage. Here we investigated whether prostaglandins may modulate the rate of PMN infiltration, measured with 51Cr-labeled leukocytes and the degree of hemorrhage,


Long-term maintenance of viability and expression of differentiated hepatocyte function is crucial for bioartificial liver support. We developed a new bioreactor design (ALEX®), associated with a new extracellular autologous hepatocyte biomatrix (Porcine Autologous Biomatrix - PBM) support. To test this new bioreactor, we compared it to a standard BAL (Bio-Artificial Liver) cartridge in a ex vivo model using human plasma added to bilirubin, ammonium and lidocaine. A pathology study was performed on both bioreactors. The results suggest that ALEX® allows a maximal contact between the perfusing plasma and the liver cells and a proper hepatocyte support by a cell-to-matrix attachment. ALEX® is a suitable cell support bioreactor, guaranteeing long-term maintenance of the metabolic activity of hepatocytes when compared to a standard BAL cartridge.


This paper addresses the problem of computing the optimum bit allocation in a subband coder with low selectivity filters, while maintaining the power of quantization noise below a given value. A low complexity strategy that takes into account the frequency responses of the synthesis filter bank, is proposed. The Lagrange multiplier method is used to obtain the optimum bit distribution. The number of bits to be allocated to a subband depends only on the frequency response of that subband, on the variance of the corresponding subband signal, on the maximum allowed noise power, and on the decimation factors of all the subbands.


Basic Life Support, though it appears to be a simple life-saving procedure, can be useless or fatal if performed wrongly. Our study was conducted to assess knowledge of basic life support and the factors influencing it among medical and dental students. Further, our study discusses the proposal for basic life support knowledge to be incorporated into the academic curriculum and therefore, making it a compulsory assessment prior to graduation for both medical and dental courses. A cross-sectional study was conducted whereby a questionnaire was distributed to 300 students at a private medical college. Excluding the incomplete response forms, the data of 280 responders was analyzed. Of these 280 students, 157 (56.07%) were medical students and 123 (43.93%) dental students. The results of the questionnaire were categorized as satisfactory (scored 11 to 20 marks out of 20) and unsatisfactory (scored 0 to 10 marks out of 20). It was found that only 106 (67.52%) medical students and 57 (46.34%) dental students scored satisfactory results. This highlighted the need to improve the knowledge of basic life support amongst these students; they are after all our aspiring healthcare professionals.


Chinese tragedy has unique aesthetic features different from those of West. The characters in Chinese tragedy are not only the embodiments of historical justice, but also are morally perfect. Tragic conflicts appear not only in tragic characters, but between justice and evil. In the persistent struggle against enemies, tragic characters reach the consisten-cy of historical progress and moral progress.


The invention relates to the use of a drug-containing polymeric matrix to provide corrosion protection for glassware in cleaning and / or rinsing cycles of a dishwasher with a content of at least one agent that can be released from the matrix and that is able to release the (the ) (for the corrosion protection of glassware active agent agents) from the polymer matrix in the cleaning and / or rinsing cycles of a dishwasher.


Assistant Professor of Urban & Architecture, Technological University of Buein Zahra, Buein Zahra, Qazvin, Iran Mehdi Gharakhloo Associate Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Keramatollah Ziari Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Pourahmad Professor of geography and urban planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran


Well-dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared and modified by oleic acid at the temperature of 70°C for different reaction times. The surface modification of oleic acid could improve dispersion stability of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in vegetable oil by forming an effective chemisorbed modification layer on the surface of nanoparticles. The interaction between coordination pattern and mass faction of chemisorbed oleic acid on nanoparticles and dispersion stability of nanofluid was discussed. The optimal dispersion stability of vegetable-oil based Fe3O4 nanofluids was obtained to the nanoparticles modified for 8 hours, which has the highest AC breakdown strength of 67.78 kV.


The technical feasibility of monitoring DNA melting and cooling transitions using a microcantilever substrate has been demonstrated and these results were compared with those measured in solution by circular dichroism. DNA hairpins have been immobilized on the surface of gold-coated microcantilever surfaces and their DNA melting and cooling transitions were monitored by nanomechanical deflections. The hairpins comprised of a 16 base-pair GACA repeat motif stem duplex with a 29
nucleotide variable region. Microcantilever deflection profiles, measured by the microcantilever response as a function of temperature, were unique to different hairpins indicative of the molecules' general stability and denaturation characteristics. The major melting and cooling transition temperatures for all three immobilized oligonucleotides were between 41。C - 52。C. The composition and flexibility of the DNA stem loops were shown to influence the thermal transitions.


Var i ous ac tivity  n ode, spec iall y  open space of B andu ng , representing social int eraction between all :;o nsumer or user of farm. Condition of a land of this cannot avoid, considering human being represent social b eing very i s requiring of medium for have interaction, utilize to fulfill r equirement of physical and soul. Node ac tivity of p eople gather, tend to will invite i nformal sector, and tend to will m ake the farm have generator or magnet which each othe r and will make to become more interesting o r dirty progressively and chaos. At open s pace, informal s ector not yet got proper an d competen t place. Till now still assumed to disturb and damaged s o urce and is dirty, so that have ugly i mpr ession, intrude, even [do] not orde r. lsformedf ram e or mind real correct during the time? The answer is "Yes" . The above is t rue fact w h i ch ( ace d many, but do cannot be looked for by its solution, so th at all s id e feel safe and balmy and also facility ma de of activity nodes? F ix e d take care of the beauty of and environmen t balance, with principle develop; b uilt fai r ly and in harmony with environment / natural and a l so remain to t ake care of it s. Dogma like this has ma ny applications into open spaces devices, so that open space becomes more dynamic, humanis, and variet i es. Have many other nations exploi t a n d informal sector facility as generator able to economic development is its urban, by exploiting its air - gap become mas/ahat. In Samarinda, the mentioned have been tired, and so d o at the new town in Malaysia, th at i s Putra Jaya. Informal se c t or sack; bags design e d by one with other to wn faci lity. And so do in Singapore, more than any thin g else in o th er wo r ld metropolis. Good e c onomic p rogressively, a t own hence progressively a few ! little informal sec t or of him, but its existence always exist.


I analyzed the development of the translation theory research in China in the view of history and reality, and pointed out the establishment of science of translation is the inevitable result of the development of translation theory research and bears the historical necessity and practical possibility.


The adverb"haohaor"with distinctive features,acquires the similar meaning of"not…at all"in Putonghua in terms of semantics,pragmatics and grammar and it is comprehended differently in the Putonghua and Xinjiang Chinese dialect.


In this chapter we outline the design, purification and characterization of TipAct, an engineered actin-microtubule cross-linking protein. We demonstrate that both in cells and in vitro, TipAct can bind to actin filaments, and localize at growing microtubule ends in an EB-dependent manner. We further demonstrate that even though TipAct has a low affinity for F-actin, when locally concentrated at microtubule tips it can link microtubules to actin filaments. During these interactions, the TipAct intensity at the microtubule tip increases, suggesting a reduced off-rate of TipAct (and possibly of EB) in regions of actin-microtubule overlap. Finally, we show that TipAct's actin-binding domain is insensitive to actin filament polarity.


In responsive to the COVID-19 pandemic, paediatric services adapted working practices. While changes to traditional face-to-face appointments were necessary enabling consultations to continue, it was initially unclear whether new technologies would be reliable or acceptable to staff and patients.

Following social distancing commencing in late March 2020, Seaside View Child Development Centre, Brighton, UK (specialising in children with special needs, primarily neurodevelopmental and complex disabilities), converted all appointments to video or telephone formats. The department sought service user and staff experiences of video consultations to assess the impact of this intervention.

All families who had AccuRx video consultations, within a 5-week period, were sent anonymised qualitative questionnaires. Appointments performed included multiprofessional appointments: 57% were follow-ups and 17% autism-specific histories. All staff members (doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, …


iterary and composition and rhetoric scholars are all, in some way, chroniclers of change-observers of the ways that language interacts with and forms people and culture. Yet when it comes to the shifts of our own academic culture, the role of language, and especially writing, is curiously overlooked. While there is a growing body of literature on the history of and present crisis in the humanities, we have yet to understand how writing by academics about their work is intimately connected to the kind of work we have done in the past and continue to do now. The rhetoric of "crisis" about the "fate of the field" is not some elusive idea; it is the material of a new genre of writing. And this genre, emerging as I write, is reshaping the culture of academia. In Carolyn Miller's description, genres are "social actions," formed in and from "recurrent rhetorical situations." Miller writes that the "new is made familiar through the recognition of relevant similarities; those similarities become constituted as a type" (29). This "recurring" function is the key to making the connection between genres and what Wittgenstein calls "life forms." In what follows, I provide a history of disciplinary discourse in English studies. This history reveals that this new kind of writing-self-conscious, reflective prose-is creating a new "life form" in academic culture. In order to recognize this culture, we need research into the language academics use to define, describe, and change their work. To make the case that this writing is more than symptomatic of a "crisis" or "impasse" as some scholars have claimed (see Kroeber, Poovey), I provide a history of this genre's language, from the late nineteenth century to the present, focusing on what Raymond Williams calls a history's "whole series of changing relationships which are evident in the


There is a demand for low melting temperature solder in some applications (e.g., sensor attachment) where the components being soldered are temperature-sensitive. However, the same solder needs to meet the life cycle reliability requirements for the entire product. Among low temperature lead-free solders, eutectic Sn-9%Zn (wt.%) lead-free solder offers good mechanical reliability and low melting temperature. However, the presence of Zn makes it susceptible to oxidation especially at elevated temperatures. In this paper, the reliability of sensor attachments using Sn-9%Zn solder and capillary underfills was studied under thermal shock. Three different underfill materials were used with two of them containing fillers. The thermal shock test results showed that the underfills substantially improved the lifetime of the solder joints, and the underfills wth fillers provided the best mechanical support to the solder joints. The reliability of the Sn-9%Zn solder joints with underfills was found to be comparable to that of the Sn-Pb-2%Ag solder joints. Failure analysis revealed that a uniform distribution of the underfill was critical to achieve a reliable sensor attachment.


Background Ciclesonide hydrofluoroalkane nasal aerosol (CIC-HFA) is currently in development as a potential treatment for allergic rhinitis. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of CIC-HFA compared to placebo in subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). Methods Subjects ≥12 years of age with a ≥2 year history of PAR were randomized in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel group, multicenter study to CIC-HFA 74 &mgr;g (N = 298), CIC-HFA 148 &mgr;g (N = 505), or placebo (N = 307) QD AM for 26 weeks. Subject-reported change from baseline in the average of AM and PM reflective total nasal symptom score (rTNSS) and instantaneous total nasal symptom score (iTNSS) averaged over the first 6 weeks of treatment period were key endpoints and were calculated as a sum of the 4 individual nasal symptoms of congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and nasal itching each on a scale of 0 (no signs/symptoms evident) to 3 (severe symptoms). Change from baseline in the individual reflective and instantaneous nasal symptom scores over the first 6 weeks of treatment period were also evaluated. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were assessed throughout the study. Results CIC-HFA 74 &mgr;g and CIC-HFA 148 &mgr;g doses demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in rTNSS (LS mean change 0.70 & 0.54 respectively, P ⩽ 0.001 for both), iTNSS (LS mean change 0.58 & 0.42 respectively, P ⩽ 0.05 for both) and improvements in individual reflective and instantaneous nasal symptoms (P ⩽ 0.05 for all, unadjusted for multiplicity) at 6 weeks from baseline. The overall incidence of TEAEs was low and comparable between the CIC treatment groups and placebo. The most frequently reported TEAEs (≥2% of subjects in any treatment group) were nausea, headache, sinus headache, cough, upper respiratory tract infection, instillation site discomfort, nasal discomfort, nasopharyngitis, sinusitis, oropharyngeal pain, and epistaxis. Conclusions In this study, once-daily treatment with CIC-HFA 74&mgr;g or CIC-HFA 148&mgr;g demonstrated statistically significant improvements in the nasal symptoms of PAR. Both active treatments were well tolerated.


Previously, attempts have been made to explain the lower densification rates observed in ceramic bodies containing inclusions in terms of hydrostatic back stresses that arise out of the matrix shrinking around the inclusion. These models can account for the observed dependence of the densification on the volume fraction of inclusions. However, they fail to account for the observed large differences in densification for inclusions of different sizes. It is proposed that the lower densification for smaller inclusions is a consequence of both a thin matrix layer at the inclusion's surface that densifies less readily than the bulk and the clustering that can occur more readily among smaller inclusions. The observed lower densification rates are a function of the volume fraction, size, degree of inclusion clustering, and the processing during powder mixing. These lower densification rates can be treated as the effective volume fraction of the second phase being greater than the volume fraction that is actually present. 1


Instructions for selecting a predictive fetching and decoding. Determination as to whether an instruction to be executed in a pipelined processor is selected to return instructions, the pipelined processor having a plurality of stages comprising stages of execution. As the return instruction based on selection instruction obtained from the predicted return address data structure, the predicted return address is a prediction process to return to the address of the instruction. Further, the operating state based on a selection instruction of a return instruction, the predicted return address in the instruction predicted. Before selecting a return instruction reaches the execution stage, the predicted return address acquisition instruction, and to start decoding the instruction to be fetched based on the predicted operating state.


The leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (Family-Compositae) and Russelia equisetiformis (Family-Scrophulariacae), were analyzed using LC-DAD-MS to identify 26 phenolics components. Among them, 9 caffeoylquinic acids, verbascoside, isoverbascoside and 7 glycosylated flavonoids were positively identified. This is the first report of the existence of caffeoylquinic aci ds in Vernonia amygdalina and most of the flavonoids in Russelia equisetiformis .


Guangzhou Radio TV University(GZRTVU) has built up a Logistics Training Lab in order to enhance students' practical skills in regular teaching.However,it is a new research topic as well as a new investigation about how the Logistics Training Lab takes effects on practical trainings.During two years of lab experiments in GZRTVU,some teaching methods have been concluded.Based on the principles of democracy,participation and flexibility,this essay designs a basic framework on logistics training for open education,and concludes a five-step teaching mode for the practical training,which includes preparation,recognition,observation,operation and summary.


Background : When surgeons plan mandible ortho surgery for patients with skeletal class III facial asymmetry, they must be consider the exact method of surgery for correction of the facial asymmetry. Three-dimensional (3D) CT imaging is efficient in depicting specific structures in the craniofacial area. It reproduces actual measurements by minimizing errors from patient movement and allows for image magnification. Due to the rapid development of digital image technology and the expansion of treatment range, rapid progress has been made in the study of three-dimensional facial skeleton analysis. The purpose of this study was to conduct 3D CT image comparisons of mandible changes after mandibular surgery in facial asymmetry patients. Materials & methods : This study included 7 patients who underwent 3D CT before and after correction of facial asymmetry in the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of Yeungnam University Hospital between August 2002 and November 2005. Patients included 2 males and 5 females, with ages ranging from 16 years to 30 years (average 21.4 years). Frontal CT images were obtained before and after surgery, and changes in mandible angle and length were measured. Results : When we compared the measurements obtained before and after mandibular surgery in facial asymmetry patients, correction of facial asymmetry was identified on the "after" images. The mean difference between the right and left mandibular angles before mandibular surgery was , whereas after mandibular surgery it was . The right and left mandibular length ratios subtracted from 1 was 0.114 before mandibular surgery, while it was 0.036 after mandibular surgery. The differences were analyzed using the nonparametric test and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test (p


Treatment of aryltriazene substrates with the Lewis acid boron trifluoride promotes the formation of a phenyl cation and results in a regioselective intramolecular Friedel—Crafts arylation to form various title skeletons.


Nanometer-sized Mg hydride clusters may form in a self-organized way by the hydrogenation of a nonequilibrium Mg–Ti alloy. Here the Mg hydride is destabilized by the interface energy between the two metal hydrides. To obtain an even more destabilized Mg hydride, we increased the interface energy by the addition of Cr, which is immiscible with Mg as Ti. Indeed, Mg layers surrounded by Ti–Cr layers show hydrogen plateau pressures higher than when Mg is surrounded by Ti. Destabilization of Mg hydride is also observed in hydrogenated Mg–Ti–Cr thin-film alloys, resulting in hydrogenation plateaus flatter and at higher pressures than in hydrogenated Mg–Ti thin film alloys. Our results suggest that by screening alloys on the basis of their immiscibility with Mg, we can tune the thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrogen absorption and desorption in Mg–H. This concept paves the way for the development of light-weight and cheap Mg-based functional materials in the metal–hydrogen system.


This paper presents the results of a combined theoretical and laboratory study of the formation of shear bands in triaxial compression, triaxial extension, and plane strain compression. The principal finding is that shearbands are initiated more easily under plane strain than under axially symmetric conditions of the triaxial test. The triaxial compression test is most resistant to shear banding, although the theory tends to overestimate the stability of this test. The lack of agreement between the theory and experiment requires a reassessment of the suitability of isotropic hardening laws even for monotonic loading.


T cell receptor transfer to engineer tumor specific T cells is being explored as a strategy for adoptive immunotherapy. By retroviral introduction of T cell receptors (TCRs), large numbers of T cells with defined antigen specificity can be obtained. The in vivo efficacy of adoptively transferred TCR engineered T cells has been demonstrated in mouse studies and recently the first clinical trial with TCR engineered T cells was performed in melanoma patients. However, a potential drawback of TCR gene transfer is the formation of mixed TCR dimers. Chains of the introduced TCR can pair with the endogenous TCR chains, resulting in unknown specificities, and potentially in harmful reactivity against patient HLA molecules. We investigated whether TCR gene transfer leads to the generation of new detrimental reactivities by creating T cells that expressed mixed TCR dimers. To be able to discriminate between the antigen specificity of the mixed TCR dimers and the introduced as well as the endogenous TCR, we transduced mono-specific T cells with seven different antigen specific TCRs. As mono-specific T cells we used CMV-pp50 specific HLA-A1 restricted T cells. The transduced T cells were analyzed for newly acquired specificities against a large HLA-typed EBV-LCL panel covering almost all HLA class I and II molecules. We transduced several polyclonal virus specific T cell populations with the seven different antigen specific TCRs, and showed that in all T cell populations at least one of the seven TCR-transduced populations acquired new alloreactivities. Furthermore, by randomly combining TCR alpha and beta chains derived from different T cell clones we created 60 mixed TCR dimers of which 17 acquired alloreactivity. These results indicate that recombination of the introduced TCR chains with the endogenous TCR chains frequently gives rise to new allospecificities. To ascertain that the newly acquired alloreactivities were exerted by mixed TCR dimers, we introduced only TCR alpha or beta chains into CMV-pp50 specific monoclonal T cells, and demonstrated for example, that the introduction of a CMV pp65 specific TCR alpha chain led to a newly acquired reactivity that was HLA B58 restricted. The introduction of only the beta chain of a minor histocompatibility antigen (mHag) HA-1 specific TCR led to a newly acquired HLA B52 specific reactivity. Furthermore, we analyzed whether mixed TCR dimers consisting of conserved TCRs with the same specificity could acquire new harmful reactivity. We recombined mHag HA-2 specific TCR alpha and beta chains from 4 different T cell clones. Of the 12 mixed TCR dimers, a combination of the mHag HA-2 specific TCR alpha chain derived from the HA2.6 T cell clone with the mHag HA-2 specific beta chain of clone HA2.19 resulted in alloreactivity that was HLA DQ3 restricted. These results indicate that each recombination of TCR chains after TCR gene transfer can potentially result in a harmful new reactivity. In conclusion, mixed TCR dimers due to pairing of endogenous TCR chains with introduced TCR chains acquire potentially dangerous reactivities, both class I and class II restricted. To limit the chance of generating self- or alloreactive T cells, TCRs may be constructed allowing selective pairing of the TCR alpha chain with the corresponding TCR beta chain. Alternatively, we propose to use virus specific T cells as host cells for TCR gene transfer. Since they consist of a restricted TCR repertoire, the number of different chimeric TCRs formed will be limited. By introducing into these T cells as controls only the alpha or beta chain of the TCR of interest, the reactivity of these T cells and harmful reactivities of the mixed TCR dimers can be tested against different patient derived cell types.


A new method is proposed for joint detection of roads in multifrequency synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. First, a multisegmented polyline model was introduced to provide a more accurate description of a road curve. Then, the roads in the SAR images were extracted in a Bayesian tracking framework, and a particle filtering algorithm used to implement the tracking. Finally, a joint detection method based on the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion was proposed to determine the optimal weights of the particles. Using multifrequency SAR data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA/JPL) Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR), the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by experimental extraction results for a single road as well as for a road network, and it is validated that the joint detection method leads to a larger detection probability than the single detection method.


In this research paper, we propose an amplitude-only method for unique thickness evaluation of medium- and low-loss materials. The method is based on using amplitude-only measurements at difierent frequencies to evaluate the unique thickness. Main advantages of the method are a) it eliminates the necessity of repetitive measurements of difierent-length materials to evaluate the unknown thickness of the same type material and b) it determines the thickness at any desired frequency in the band. Because the method uses amplitude-only measurements and enables the thickness evaluation at any frequency, it can be a good candidate for thickness evaluation of materials in industrial-based applications.


The male's view on marriage and love in The Book of Songs, the male have various requirements to female, such as the wife must be tall and strong, gentle character and gave birth to the child as the woman of the highest mission, take the middle spring as the best season to hold the wedding,today's people regard such opinion as absurd.Use Marx's theory of social existence to analyses male' s view on marriage and love in The Book of Songs, we could better understanding this view,for it has significance to the continuation and development of the society at that time and has practical rationality.


. The article discusses the features of the acceptance of garments produced for the needs of the penal system. A detailed analysis of the process of assessing the compliance of the quality indicators of clothing items with the terms of the concluded contract, which is currently an urgent issue in the activities of logistics services, was carried out. Due to the fact that in the list of clothing supplied for the needs of the penal system, most of the items are garments, they have been chosen as the object of the research. Since the generalized system of controlled objects, assessed during the procedure of acceptance and quality control of garments, has not yet been defined, in the course of the experiment a systematization was carried out and a project was proposed for grouping into six categories the quality indicators monitored during the expert examination of garments supplied for the needs of the Penal system. On their basis, the main stages of the process of acceptance of clothing items were modeled and considered in detail, recommendations were given on the organization and establishment of its compliance with the terms of the concluded contract. When evaluating the results of the study, it has been noted that the developed procedure for the acceptance of clothing items, supplied for the needs of the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation, intended for assessing the compliance with the terms of the concluded contract, does not require additional financial costs and can be recommended for practical use in institutions of the penitentiary system. Key words: penal system, employees, clothing items, garments, acceptance, quality.


Objective: To evaluate potential acylation stimulating protein(ASP) resistance in both adipocytes and preadipocytes under the conditions of insulin resistance induced by testosterone on both receptor level and post-receptor level.Methods: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured and differentiated,and the adipocytes and preadipocytes were treated with 0(testosterone-free DMEM/F12),10-8,10-7,and 10-6 mol/L testosterone overnight.RT-PCR and flow cytometry were used to detected mRNA and cell surface expression of ASP receptor.Both non-testosterone treated and testosterone treated 3T3-L1 cells were cultured with 5.0 μmol/L ASP for 4 hours.Then the cell proteins were extracted and the expressions of Gβ,Gαq/11,p-PKCα,and p-PKC ζ were measured by Western blot.Results: High dose testosterone suppressed the C5L2 mRNA and protein expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes but not in preadipocytes.At 10-6 mol/L,testosterone inhibited C5L2 mRNA and cell surface C5L2 expression by 60%(P0.01) and 27%(P0.01),respectively.After overnight incubation with testosterone(in adipocytes and preadipocytes),Gαq/11,Gβ,p-PKCα,and p-PKCζ were downregulated in the presence of ASP treatment to a certain degree.In adipocytes,testosterone effectively blocked the ASP-stimulated Gαq/11,p-PKCα,and p-PKCζ expression by 52%,50% and 57%(P0.05 to P0.01,respectively) at 10-6 mol/L in adipocytes.In preadipocytes,testosterone did not influence the four proteins' expression.Conclusion: Testosterone inhibited ASP-stimulated signal proteins.The ASP resistance mechanism of action involves both changes in expression of C5L2 as well as signaling parameters to some extent.Testosterone-induced ASP resistance may contribute to the physiological abnormalities associated with insulin resistance and some abnormalities related with testosterone such as disorders in polycystic ovarian syndrome and so on.


The article presents the results of the study of movement's expressiveness formation among the girls at preschool age. The author distinguishes the expressive movements as one of the manifestations of person`s emotional sphere. Their development in the process of physical training is possible by means of music and motor preparation. It is probable to select in the arsenal of its tools the music and story-based role basis of studies. Musical art has great potential impact on the emotional sphere of human being. Story-based role basis of studies suggests the nature of the movements. Experimental research has shown that application of music and motor education has a positive effect on the formation of expressive movements among the children.


Problems of constructing high speed control systems of electric drives with switch mode power converters are discussed in the present paper. Historical aspects of the development of these theoretical issues at the Department of Automated Electric Drives of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute and their impor tance are discussed. The described converters are control objects of a discrete type that should be considered in the creation of control systems. It is shown that dead beat control in such systems in the unconstrained case makes a finite number of discreteness intervals equal to the system order. Two currently important prin ciples in construction of a dead beat control system—namely, ones using predictive models in a real and accelerated time scale—are considered. Since the operation quality of such systems is determined by the ade quacy of the predictive model of the control object, the approaches to creating the self adjustment algorithms allowing one to correct the model in operation are considered.


To provide ethically appropriate oversight and informed consent for randomized, controlled comparative effectiveness research trials, investigators should consider, manage, and inform potential participants about at least nine different types of potential risk.


Purification process, characterized in that carbon dioxide, which at least temporarily contains dinitrogen monoxide is brought into contact as a cleaning agent with the cleaning stock, characterized in that the cleaning agent from 5 to 20 vol .-% nitrous oxide (N


We present a stimulated Raman scattering imaging system which acquires a Raman spectrum within 20 µs. A U-Net deep learning network is applied to maintain the sensitivity at high speeds, enabling high-throughput label-free spectroscopic imaging of cells and tissues. © 2019 The Author(s)


A code for determining the beam emittance from a multislit image has been developed. To verify its validity, we simulated a beam distribution in 4D phase space at the multi-slit position and the resulting image at a downstream profile measurement device. We applied the algorithm to this image pattern to recover the beam emittance at the slit position. The dependence of the relative difference of the inferred emittance and the input emittance on the slit width and drift length are studied in detail and presented in this report.


Abstract : Phosphorylation of specific amino acid residues is believed to be crucial for the agonist‐induced regulation of several G protein‐coupled receptors. This is especially true for the three types of opioid receptors (μ, δ, and α), which contain consensus sites for phosphorylation by numerous protein kinases. Protein kinase C (PKC) has been shown to catalyze the in vitro phosphorylation of μ‐ and δ‐opioid receptors and to potentiate agonist‐induced receptor desensitization. In this series of experiments, we continue our investigation of how opioid‐activated PKC contributes to homologous receptor down‐regulation and then expand our focus to include the exploration of the mechanism(s) by which μ‐opioids produce PKC translocation in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. [dAla2,N‐Me‐Phe4,Gly‐ol]enkephalin (DAMGO)‐induced PKC translocation follows a time‐dependent and biphasic pattern beginning 2 h after opioid addition, when a pronounced translocation of PKC to the plasma membrane occurs. When opioid exposure is lengthened to >12 h, both cytosolic and particulate PKC levels drop significantly below those of control‐treated cells in a process we termed "reverse translocation." The opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine, and the L‐type calcium channel antagonist nimodipine attenuated opioid‐mediated effects on PKC and μ‐receptor down‐regulation, suggesting that this is a process partially regulated by Ca2+‐dependent PKC isoforms. However, chronic exposure to phorbol ester, which depletes the cells of diacylglycerol (DAG) and Ca2+‐sensitive PKC isoforms, before DAMGO exposure, had no effect on opioid receptor down‐regulation. In addition to expressing conventional (PKC‐α) and novel (PKC‐ε) isoforms, SH‐SY5Y cells also contain a DAG‐and Ca2+‐independent, atypical PKC isozyme (PKC‐ξ), which does not decrease in expression after prolonged DAMGO or phorbol ester treatment. This led us to investigate whether PKC‐ξ is similarly sensitive to activation by μ‐opioids. PKC‐ξ translocates from the cytosol to the membrane with kinetics similar to those of PKC‐α and ε in response to DAMGO but does not undergo reverse translocation after longer exposure times. Our evidence suggests that direct PKC activation by μ‐opioid agonists is involved in the processes that result in μ‐receptor down‐regulation in human neuroblastoma cells and that conventional, novel, and atypical PKC isozymes are involved.


A previously healthy 33-year-old pregnant woman (32 weeks of gestational age) presented to our emergency department with right peripheral facial paralysis, diplopia and ipsilateral hemifacial anaesthesia. Also, she presented a 3-month unilateral progressive hearing loss and headache episodes. On clinical examination, she presented a grade II House-Brackmann right peripheral facial paralysis and the right otoscopy (figure 1) revealed a tympanic opacity suggestive of a reddish mass in the middle ear. Tonal audiometry documented a right conductive hypoacusia with 50 dB air-bone gap with a type b tympanogram.

Figure 1
Right otoscopy showing a reddish opacity filling all the tympanic cavity. (*)—manubrium of malleus.

On the same day, she underwent a temporal bone CT in a low radiation field with plumbic apron (figure 2A,B), and an MRI without gadolinium (figure 3A,B,C) revealed a right temporal bone infiltrative lesion extending from the petroclivus to the cerebellopontine angle and middle ear cavity. A right tympanotomy biopsy was performed and histology showed a plasmocytoma. After thoraco-abdomino-pelvic MRI staging, no other lesions were identified, and it was staged as a solitary plasmacytoma. Caesarean delivery was planned at 35 weeks by a multidisciplinary team in order to start radical stereotactic radiotherapy (46 Gy in 4,5 weeks). Afterwards, the patient reported …


Self-aligned silver nanocolumns embedded in amorphous Al2O3 matrix are produced by alternate pulsed laser deposition at room temperature in a single step process. The morphology and the spatial distribution have been investigated by standard, high resolution, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. Polycrystalline nanocolumns having diameters close to 3nm and heights up to 7nm are all oriented perpendicular to the substrate surface. The self-alignment of the nanocolumns is the consequence of the deposition of consecutive layers of Ag nanoparticles using the first layer as template for the ordered growth of the nanocolumns. Control over the density, diameter and height of the nanocolumns is achievable by tailoring the deposition sequence.


For the sake of fulfilling the initiative of "China Dream", Xi Jinping proposes the strategic layout of "four comprehensives". Under the strategic guidance of "comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society", and through the impetus of three party support systems, namely "comprehensively deepening the reform, comprehensive rule of law and the overall tightening up of party discipline," Xi tries to achieve the goal of "Two Centuries" on time. For the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the main objectives are to achieve the goal of building up a strong military, deepen the reform on defense and military, promote the strict rule of law for the PLA, and strengthen the Communist Party control over the military. The 2015 National Defense White Paper "China's military strategy" echoes the "four comprehensives" by stressing the resolute safeguard of national interests on sovereignty, security and development, so as to ensure the fulfillment of "China Dream". It will have a great impact on China's national defense and military build-up; therefore it is necessary to pay attention to and monitor its progress.


To evaluate the wound healing activity of Paroxetine in dead space wound model and to study its effects on Dexamethasone suppressed wound healing. Methods: For assessment of wound healing activity dead space wound model was used. Group I received distilled water, orally, Group II received Paroxetine, i.p, Group III received Dexamethasone intramuscularly [i.m] and Group IV received Dexamethasone i.m and Paroxetine, i.p. Parameters observed were dry weight and hydroxyproline content in dead space wound model. Results: In the dead space model, there was increase in the collagen content of the granulation tissue, which was statistically higher in paroxetine group [P=0.002] when compared to control group. Those rats which received Dexamethasone + paroxetine did not show any significant change in the collagen content when compared to rats which received Dexamethasone alone. Conclusion: Granulation tissue showed higher collagen content in paroxetine group when compared to control group. Paroxetine may be an effective agent for healing wounds.


The dynamics of household mortgage credit and loans to non-financial busi- ness have diverged significantly in recent decades. In this paper we construct and describe credit cycles for total bank credit, household mortgages and non- financial business loans for 14 EMU economies over 1990–2013. We explore the cross-country coherence of credit gaps measured by synchronicity of move- ments and similarity of amplitudes, and analyze correlates of credit cycle coher- ence. Two findings stand out. As household mortgage credit assumes a larger share in total credit, credit cycle coherence across EMU economies decreases. EMU membership is associated with convergence of business credit cycles but divergence of household mortgage credit cycles. These findings survive a bat- tery of sensitivity checks. We discuss implications for monetary policy.


Purpose: In REDUCE, dutasteride was associated with a ~5% absolute reduction in the risk of biopsy-detected prostate cancer (PCa). Material and methods: We tested the influence of family history on the association between dutasteride and PCa diagnosis and calculated the number needed to treat (NNT) with dutasteride to avoid one PCa diagnosis. The REDUCE trial tested dutasteride 0.5mg/day for PCa risk reduction in men aged 50-75 with a serum PSA of 2.5-10.0ng/mL and a negative biopsy. Among men who underwent >1 on-study biopsy with complete data (n=6,415; 78.1%), the association between dutasteride and PCa risk as a function of PCa and/or breast cancer (BCa) family history was examined using multivariable logistic regression. Absolute risk reduction (ARR) and NNT were calculated. Results: On multivariate analysis, dutasteride was significantly associated with lower PCa risk in men without family history (25% lower; p<0.001), PCa family history only (37% lower; p=0.009), or BCa family history only (38% lower; p=0.04). While dutasteride lowered PCa risk in men with both PCa and BCa family history by 15%, this was not significant (p=0.69), though the number of men was small (n=115). ARRs were 6-9% for men with a PCa and/or BCa family history vs. 5% in men with no family history which translated into NNTs of 11-16 in men with PCa and/or BCa family history vs. 21 for men without family history. Conclusion: Using dutasteride as a model of chemoprevention, therapies targeting individuals with specific family histories may improve the risk-benefit profile. However, future studies are warranted to confirm our findings.


Rural tourism has been the new pullulating in china tourism and the new way to bring along country fortune.Compared with Sichuan and Zhejiang province by the competitiveness model of rural tourism,analyzed the rural tourism industry in Fujian province from 6 basic factors and 42 effective indexes including basic tourism resources,tourism market,correlation industry,the exterior condition and the policy guarantee etc.and considered it comparatively feebleness.In order to improve industry competitiveness,it needs to integrate the development of rural tourism with national economy.


"folk signifiers," including the use of bagpipes native to the Dinaric region. He also projected an image of a nationalist. By 2002, however, Thompson was recasting himself as someone seeking to promote reconciliation, but still as a Croatian patriot, as he conceived it. This book is highly recommended for library purchase, as well as for scholars interested in contemporary popular music and politics, or in Croatian society since 1991.


In an era of profound social change, when all aspects of national and international life are under scrutiny and review, it is vital that successes and failures in international scientific and educational relations be examined. The most dramatic success story in recent times may be the cooperative programs in agriculture that have led to the "green revolution." The history of this remarkable effort can be measured against the criteria of the development of cooperative solutions to urgent "human species problems" and of building indigenous capacity through the training of leaders. If it is true that the core of international cultural relations is the purposeful exchange of knowledge and skills, especially knowledge and skills that can be used toward solving problems affecting the entire world, agricultural program can also be measured against this standard.


In one embodiment, a system is provided with a rotatable arm having a movable joint, an infrared lamp coupled to the rotatable arm extending through the rotatable arm and the movable joint of the cable. In another embodiment, a system is provided having a base and an arm connected to the base via a first rotatable joint, wherein the arm has an arcuate shape. The system further comprises a second rotatable joint connection to the head arm, the head connected to the temperature sensor and an infrared lamp disposed adjacent the infrared lamp. In addition, the system may comprise extending through the first rotatable joint, the arms and the gas flow passage of the second rotatable joint. Fan may be pneumatically connected to the air flow passage. Further, the cable may be provided in the airflow passage, wherein the cable extends to the infrared lamp and the temperature sensor.


In order to completely study on the characteristics of stress distribution on mining in gently inclined seams,by the means of similar simulation,a mechanized face in some mine with the actual engineering geology as the basis,abutment pressure distribution and concentration degreed,the distance between peak stress and coal face,the influence circle of side abutment pressure and so on in both sides of stope are analysis.The reference value is provided for the rational arrangement of district roadways in this mine.


Flaming" i.e. sending angry, critical, or disparaging messages is computer slang for a much-appreciated activity for a few forum members. Instead of addressing the topic under discussion they set off attacking verbally other members "for the fun of it". As the phenomenon pollutes the functioning of threads (through the flaming itself and the reactions of average users), webmasters have three options: a) a typical "laissez-faire" policy based on self-regulation; b) a filtering of contributions, which may be perceived as freedom-threatening censorship; and c) a more original decision to create a special thread, forum, or website dedicated to insulting. I propose to investigate the third option, examining why and how an insult forum is created (is the decision taken by the administrator solely or is it an issue previously discussed on the forum?), how it evolves (is it really successful and if not, why?), and what it more fundamentally implies. What is the usefulness of an insult forum? Can one really insult somebody else, other than on a very short term basis, for no other reason than the pleasure derived from the act of insulting? Introduction Insults have been a regular feature on the internet, especially on forums, and a welldocumented phenomenon 1 . Because of the apparent freedom due to a lax social relationship with other internet users, it is deemed acceptable to overreact to an argument presented on a forum by belittling the author of the argument rather than deconstruct its validity without fearing physical retaliation. Though netiquette rules 2 prohibit such verbal behaviour and threaten the abuser with temporary or permanent exclusion from the site, insults proliferate and little can be done to stop their flow. One option deserves attention, though. If it is indeed impossible to stop or control verbal abuse, why not divert it, especially when it corresponds to flaming, i.e. when it is produced solely for the sake of gratuitously insulting other users? Diversion takes the form of what is called an "insult forum", a place with no other topic than that of insulting one another 3 , with the hope that flamers, once they have produced their daily load of abuse, will leave the community at peace on mainstream forums. In a first part I will provide some theoretical contextual background, briefly describing the implications of insults in/as arguments and the specificity of computer-mediated conversation (CMC) as opposed to face-to-face (FTF) interaction. Then I will consider the functioning and content of forums, which lead to the creation of specialised insult threads or separate forums. Finally I will examine the constraints surrounding the creation and operation of such an 1 Although computer-mediated communication emerged in the 1970s, the actual public launch of the World Wide Web was in 1991, with flaming an immediate characteristic. I have no room for a complete bibliography on the subject. For early references on the flaming phenomenon, see Thompsen (1993). Flaming is a source of interest for psychologists, who examine the reasons why users resorted to abuse so easily on the web. Within a year's distance Gackenbach (1998) published Psychology and the Internet, a collection of papers, while Wallace (1999) published The Psychology of the Internet, a monograph, both dealing with the various aspects of CMC. Flaming is also a source of interest for legal scholars, investigating responsibility, especially for cyberbullying at school or company denigrating at work. Those issues are not discussed in this paper. 2 Virginia Shea's classic Netiquette (1994) is also available online at http://www.albion.com/catNetiquette.html. Though its examples are mainly taken from Usenet newsgroups and sound slightly outdated at times, basic rules remain. See especially the Core Rules (32-46) and chapter 7 – The Art of Flaming (71-80). Additional rules may be defined by administrators. 3 The first insult forums were found in Usenet's alt.flame domain, but with names such as alt.flame.jesus.christ or alt.flame.abortion insults were expressed in connection to a given topic. Usenet archives are now hosted by


Introduction: The Mark of Zanuck Part I: Foundations Excavating Zanuck Zanuck the Writer The Hardest-working Little Guy: Zanuck at Warner Brothers The Talking Thing: The Safe Entertainment of The Jazz Singer Part II: Innovations Dreaming of the Actual World: Transforming Warner Brothers Style A Criminal Talent 1933: Struggles, Artistic and Fiscal Twentieth Century and After Part III: The Age Of Zanuck The Smiling Face of a Baby: Shirley Temple, Movies, and Memory The Only Way I Know How to Produce The Glittering Robes of Entertainment Seeing Red and Getting Religion in CinemaScope Epilogue.


Because many students in four-year colleges have transferred from junior colleges, it is important to know something about the quality and effectiveness of the instruction they received in the two-year schools. Weidenaar and Dodson add to the growing literature on economic education in two-year colleges with this report on the effectiveness of economics instruction, factors influencing student performance, and student attitudes toward economics. The TUCE was used in the 10 schools participating in the study. The predictor variables included sex, economics background, major field, mathematics background, age, precourse grade expectations, interest in economics, ACT scores and others. The instructor's background and experience were also considered in terms of their effects upon student test performance.


: The general objective of this study is: Does the use of the word picture card media in learning can improve the reading skills of 5-6 year olds beginning kindergarten Supadio Airport Kubu Raya District. The method used is descriptive method to study the form of classroom action research. Sources of data in this study were teachers and 23 kindergarten children Supadio Airport Kubu Raya district. Based on the research that has been done: Through the use of a media card picture word learning can improve the reading skills of 5-6 year old children beginning in kindergarten Supadio Airport Kubu Raya district. In particular, the conclusion is: 1) Planning learning with media picture word cards to improve reading skills of kindergarten children Supadio Airport beginning Kubu Raya district has done well, 2) Implementation of learning to improve reading skills beginning with the word picture card media in children aged 5- 6 years in service kindergarten Supadio Kubu Raya district has done very well, 3) There psositif response to learning to read words beginning with a picture card media in children aged 5-6 years in service kindergarten Supadio Kabapaten Kubu Raya.


Background: Clinical experience has shown that the sensitivity indices reported by the Humphrey Field Analyser (HFA) are generally higher than those given by the Medmont Automated Perimeter (M600). It is the purpose of this paper to determine a conversion factor for the two perimeters and to confirm this prediction using clinical data. Theory predicted that HFAsensitivity − 5 dB = M600sensitivity.


One of the main challenges for a generator's fault di-agnosis is that a designed method for a generator may have poor performance over another generator with a different working condition. In this paper, we propose a closed-loop system based on domain adaption to inspect the tightness of the generator's slot wedge. To detect the fault pattern of a given sample, a feature extraction algorithm using frequency spectrum analysis is introduced. Also, a basic spectrum is designed to eliminate potential disturbances in the frequency domain. Furthermore, energy efficiency is considered by adjusting the compression rate in Compressive Sensing (CS) according to the feedback value of Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD). We conduct experiments on data collected from a test platform and a generator in the power plant. The result shows that the designed system can achieve high classification accuracy over 85% with a compression rate lower than 50%.


struction of only two, most plausibly (N,) and (N3), with no way to interpret (N2). From a logical point of view, we can think of requirement and permission as operators on sentences (or on infinitives or participles). The operators are duals, so that to define one operator in terms of the other we need not just internal negation, but external as well. We can use *R and T as operators for requirement and permission, so *RA is (defined as) /PiA; more to the point,


In this paper we present a medical image management system which provides an easy-to-use web-based solution for dermatologists who have to store, retrieve, analyze, and share images of skin lesions. The system is capable of handling patient history and the corresponding metadata. Arbitrary number of lesions can be assigned to a patient record and can be followed through a series of independent examinations. The system allows users to store dermatoscopic, normal, and histopathological images together with metadata fields for the most important dermatoscopic features. The interface of the system has been implemented by using responsive web design elements, which makes the efficient use of the system possible both on desktop and mobile platforms.


We developed a prototype fiber-optic accelerometer using the Michelson interferometer and tried to observe earthquakes on the sea floor. This paper describes the configuration of the fiber-optic accelerometer and presents observation results.


Suitable for lead-acid battery negative plate paste, comprising at least: (a) lead-based active material, a bulking agent, and mixtures thereof, said expansion agent comprises a mixture of (b) carbon, (c) barium sulfate and (d) Wooden lignosulfonates, wherein component (a) - at least two of (d) is at least as part of the composite particles in the paste.


The essay points out some shortcomings in the curriculum system and its contents of search and utilization of Literature of Science and Technology at present in China and talks about how to improve the course under the Internet circumstances.


Background : Medical science program Faculty of Medicine Tanjungpura University implements a Competency-Based Curriculum or in Indonesian called as Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi (KBK), corresponded to the Kurikulum Inti Pendidikan Tinggi III (KIPDI III). The curriculum is applied since academic year of 2005/2006 and has been evaluated into Curriculum of 2013 (Kurikulum 2013). Learning environment is the manifestation of a curriculum, so that the assessment of the environment in the institution of medical program is a part of the implementation of the evaluation of the curriculum. DREEM questionnaire (Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure) is one of the tools that are appropriate to measure the learning environment. This research aims to assess the students' perception of the learning environment on academic year of 2013/2014. Method : This research is a descriptive study with cross sectional design, conducted to measure the learning environment in students of medical science program. The DREEM questionnaire was used as the measurement tool. This research was conducted in November 2013 at Faculty of Medicine Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, West Borneo. Results : The total score of the DREEM obtained in this research is 14,55/200, which shows that students considered the learning environment, including lecturers, social environment, learning process, academic achievement, and learning atmosphere as positive environment. The students assumed that the environment could still be improved by optimizing the resources. Conclusion : The students inferred that the learning environment could still be improved by optimizing the existing resources as well as getting support by the faculty and university administrators itself.


This study designed to explore the effect of LPS on the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 in 16 HBE cells and the underline mechanism. 16 HBE cells were cultured in vitro and the m RNA expression of AQP1 and AQP5 was detected by real-time PCR after treatment with LPS at doses of 1,10,100,500 and 1 000 ng/ml for 24 h,or treatment with LPS at 100 ng/ml for 0,3,6,12,24 and 48 h. Then,Western blot was used to test the changes of p38 MAPK signaling pathway after 16 HBE cells were incubated with LPS at 100 ng/ml for 0,5,15,30 and 60 min.Also,16 HBE cells were incubated with LPS at 100 ng/ml with or without SB203580,and then the m RNA and protein expression of AQP1 and AQP5,as well as the changes of p38 MAPK signaling pathway were detected. Data showed that the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 was decreased markedly under the stimulation of LPS in dose- and time-dependent in vitro(P 0.01); the m RNA expression of AQP1 and AQP5 declined significantly after the 16 HBE cells was treated with 100 ng/ml for 3 h,and downed to the bottom at 24 h. LPS could activate p38 MAPK signaling pathway and reach a climax at 30 min. Compared with LPS,LPS+SB203580 could up-regulate the expressions of AQP1 and AQP5(P 0.01). In conclusion,LPS could down-regulate the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 through activating p38 MAPK signaling pathway in 16 HBE cells.


The paper focuses on an analysis of the development of the 2010 practicum program, particularly aimed to assessing the changes in relation to the 2000 plan from the point of view of its professional mentors. The methodology used was qualitative, with interviews to six innovative professional mentors belonging to the network of a public university, 3 of them responsible in the analyzed subject in both plans. Among the results it was showed that the perception of the transformations in the practicum were hardly noticeable, and the practicum mentoring activity was built through strong interpersonal relationship of mentor and student, and linked to the type of teaching practice. This has implications for future redefinition of the practicum.


Street and public area lighting is a key service provided by municipal government. The public lighting sector is playing an important role in providing convenience, enhancing safety and security, promoting economic development, creation of friendly environment, as well as increasing the aesthetic appeal of surrounding property. The energy consumption in the street lighting sector, whether in public lighting or private users, constitutes a high percentage of the total energy used. Lighting conditions in streets of city of Tirana are currently at a level, which in many cases does not satisfy the requirements set out by legislation and standards. The study is undertaken with the request of Ministry of Infrastructure and Energy with goal to identify the possibility of applying new street lighting systems in Tirana, in order to draft concrete strategies for the future of street lighting in Albania. The study was focus on the opportunities and recommendations for the development and installation of LED technologies in the street lighting of Tirana. The study presented in this paper is completely based on the detailed analysis of the current state of the street lighting system in the Municipality of Tirana by visits and measurements, full information taken by municipality, interviews with responsible people of street lights system, different simulations based on DIALux software for new technology proposed. The study has estimated a great potential electrical energy savings by replacing existing street lighting lamps retrofits with LED in municipality of Tirana, around 33%, which is 4.6 million kWh/year, effecting a reduction of 1.85 million kg CO2 emission. The findings presented in the paper provide information on energy savings opportunities, which can be readily adopted by Municipalities of Albania, in their pursuit of energy and financial savings in street lighting sector.


Abstract Discharge plasma reactors are very complex technological systems. Power supply is not only inseparable part of this system but also one of the most important. Very often efficient and reliable power system decides about application of the plasma processes on industrial scale. Paper presents transformer type power system of ozone generator, its comparison with other systems from their efficiency point of view and designing directions on the example of 150 Hz supplier.


Major mental disorders are common, often chronic, and can severely impact function. The dizzying array of the available treatments makes choices complex, as demonstrated by several recent large research projects such as the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) for schizophrenia (1), the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD) (2), and the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study (3). The medications themselves are often saddled with tolerability issues which can further erode adherence to therapy. Patients, their clinicians and payors need to know if a proposed intervention works, whether it will also work in a real-world setting, and whether or not it is worth using. The International Journal of Clinical Practice welcomes submissions that address these issues. Whether or not an intervention is efficacious can be answered using randomised-controlled trials that enrol carefully selected patients, but in order to make these reports clinically relevant, the International Journal of Clinical Practice will be specifically seeking papers that explain how generalisable the results are and its potential impact on the individual patient as well as to public health. Effectiveness studies that recruit a broad range of patients typically encountered in a routine practice will help address the utility of an efficacious intervention under conditions that may be less than ideal. The International Journal of Clinical Practice welcomes papers that include discussion of comorbidities, both psychiatric and somatic, and including tobacco, alcohol and recreational drug use. Whether or not an intervention is actually worth using will require approaches that include metrics such as number needed to treat and number needed to harm (4). Contributors to the International Journal of Clinical Practice are encouraged to share how their reports will impact medical decision making and the likelihood to help or harm (5). Articles that can quantify the pros and cons of individual choices within a therapeutic class are both desired and desperately needed. Every good article is the result of synergism between the authors and his ⁄ her peer reviewers. The International Journal of Clinical Practice is no exception and we seek peer reviewers who add substantial value to the scientific and educational value of each piece published. It is not unusual for reviewers to contribute related guest editorials or perspectives on topics that are especially timely or impactful. Although we ask each author who submits a research report or review paper to also recommend potential peer reviewers, we also call upon those leaders in the field to also contribute to this joint endeavour. As always, a presubmission inquiry is welcomed and encouraged. Submissions from academics, clinicians and the pharmaceutical industry (6) are treated with the same enthusiasm and care.


The Mende cradle war, power and state in the nineteenth century the Luawa state of Kai Londo the Kpanguma state of Nyagua the Kpaa-Mende state British colonial advance and Mende resistance.


Objective:To describe the model construction of telephone intervention transitional care among early discharged colostomy patients.Methods:Fifty-nine patients who had undergone colostomy operation from 7 Third-Grade Class A hospitals in Guangzhou received 2-3 telephone calls within one month post-discharge.Colostomy nurse recorded specific time and phone duration of each call.The patients evaluated the effect of telephone intervention.Results:The average time duration of three calls was 9.23±4.94 min,8.15±4.93 min and 6.87±4.40 min respectively and the average time duration for all calls was 8.50±4.92 min.The average days from discharge day of three telephone calls was 8.71±4.72 days,19.85±6.07 days and 29.65±4.45 days respectively.About 96.30%and 98.11%patients evaluated their transitional care as very satisfactory or satisfactory and 96.23%and 94.44% patients thought their enterostomal nurses'support as very high or high at 1 month and 3 months after discharge respectively.Conclusion:The telephone intervention is an effective method for transitional care after hospital discharge.The telephone intervention must satisfy certain conditions in implementation process and we should take appropriate measures to ensure intervention doses and effects.The enterostomal nurses should receive necessary training before intervention to maximize intervention effects within the context of Chinese culture.


S. Sasaki studied the spaces with normal conformal connexions whose groups of holonomy ήx a point or a hypersphere and derived the following fundamental theorem : If the group of holonomy of a space Cl with a normal conformal connexion is a subgroup of the Mδbius group which fixes a point (or a hypersphere), the Cl is a space corresponding to the conformal class of Riemann spaces including an Einstein space with a vanishing (or nonvanishing) scalar curvature HI, I]. He also generalized the Poincare's representation for non-Euclidean geometry to any Einstein space with non-vanishing scalar curvature [1, III] and studied the spaces with normal conformal connexions whose groups of holonomy fix two joints or hyperspheres [1,11]. Concerning these results K. Yano showed that these spaces are closely related to Einstein spaces which admit a concircular transformation and studied the relations between conformal and concircular geometries in these spaces [31. In this paper we shall define in § 3 a space with a certain conformal connexion which corresponds to a class of concircularly related Riemann spaces. And making use of such a space we shall generalize in § 6 the Poincare's representation to any Riemann space with non vanishing constant scalar curvature. In § 8 by considering spaces whose groups of holonomy fix two points or hyperspheres we shall obtain some results which are natural generalizations of those obtained by K. Yano [2, VH. Most of the results obtained in this paper will be found their analogues in the papers by S. Sasaki [1,1. II. Ill] and K. Yano [2, V], [3]. Therefore we shall not state in detail the proofs.


The use of innovative solutions and research into lightness demands new and more complex design skills. The traditional approach to the solution of structures has been superseded by an iterative approach where all the aspects of every element designed play an important role. For the transparent inner court canopy at the Lombardy Regional Government headquarters, the project is the result of the different aspects of the building: the supporting buildings, the dimensions of the structure, the time of construction and, above all, the use of an ETFE pneumatic membrane roof covering. It is the ETFE roofing in particular that permits the design of lighter supporting frameworks. This article describes the whole building, focusing on the design steps for the transparent canopy in particular (Figs. 1 and 2).


IntRoDuCtIon To run a profitable sheep operation, producers must understand the details of many different disciplines and how they interrelate. One of the basic aspects of a sheep farming operation is to make sure that ewes become pregnant and have lambs. It is important to understand the basic physiology of the reproductive cycle to ensure that management decisions do not prevent ewes from becoming pregnant. Conception rate varies between season, age, breed and lambing system. Understanding the effect of these factors will enable you to determine what a good conception rate is for your farm.


Abstract One advantage associated with paraffin-embedded tissues is their availability for further studies and review. Where block filing facilities are not available, used blocks are often dumped in neglected rooms. This may affect their appropriateness for follow-up studies such as immunohistochemistry. The goal of this study was to perform immunohistochemical procedures on poorly stored paraffin-embedded blocks after a simple cleaning and re-embedding procedure. Thirty paraffin-embedded Onchocerca nodules, poorly stored for over 15 years, were used. The blocks were soaked overnight in tap water, rinsed in distilled water, air-dried, and re-embedded in fresh paraffin wax. Immunoperoxidase demonstrations of six major enzymes (LDH, SDHB, PDK2, G6PD, ME1, and A/BHD4) were performed on their sections and examined by light microscopy. Fifty-one 0.6% Female worm nodules in the amount of 51.6% had detectable SDHB, 56·6% had detectable levels of PDK2, 58·6% had A/BHD4, 61·1% had G6PD, 63·3% had detectable levels of ME1, and 64·5% had detectable levels of LDH. At a 99% confidence level, ≧30% of the nodules have all six enzymes detectable by immunohistochemistry and ≧35% have four detectable enzymes (LDH, PDK, A/BHD, and ME). Poorly stored archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded Onchocerca nodules over a prolonged period still retain enough antigenicity for immunohistochemical demonstration of the enzymes LDH, SDHB, PDK2, G6PD, ME1, and A/BHD4 and perhaps other antigens.


Background The impact of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) on long-term outcomes of patients after non-cardiac surgery remains controversial. Here we report the 3-year follow-up of a previous case-control study to determine the relationship between new-onset POAF and long-term outcomes in patients after non-cardiac surgery. In a previous case-control study, 213 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after non-cardiac surgery were included; of them 71 were in the POAF group and 142 the control group. A telephone interview was performed with patients or their family members at 3 years after surgery. The primary endpoint was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) within 3 years, including cardiovascular death, non-fatal cardiac arrest, acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and ischemic stroke. A logistic regression model was established to assess the association between the occurrence of new-onset POAF and the development of 3-year MACEs.


Objective: To create the first ever stapes prosthesis phylogenetic tree for the evolution of the stapes prosthesis. Study Design: Retrospective literature review, personal interviews. Setting: University Medical Center. Patient: Not applicable. Intervention: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Construction of a stapes prosthesis phylogenetic tree with branches capable of including all stapes prostheses. Results: One hundred five different stapes prostheses were reviewed, starting with the first-ever prosthesis used in the first stapedectomy and continuing up to the present time. The stapes prosthesis family tree contains 4 main branches that allow for categorization of all the commercial prostheses currently used. Many examples of atavistic prostheses, single surgeon use, and dead-end characteristics exist. Conclusion: An overview of the complicated phylogenetic tree for stapes prostheses gives great perspective to the history of stapedectomy and insights into many characteristics that are useful for designing new stapes prostheses.


: Significant efforts have been made in recent years to develop computer-aided diagnostic applications, as failures in medical diagnosing processes can result in medical therapies that are severely deceptive. Machine learning (ML) is important in Computer Aided Diagnostic test. Object such as body-organs cannot be identified correctly after using an easy equation. Therefore, pattern recognition essentially requires training from instances. In the bio medical area, pattern detection and ML promises to improve the reliability of disease approach and detection. They also respect the dispassion of the method of decisions making. ML provides a respectable approach to make superior and automated algorithm for the study of high dimension and multi - modal bio medicals data. The methodology of Machine Learning (ML) has been effectively utilized in grouped technologies including Disease forecast. The objective of generating classifier framework utilizing Machine Learning (ML) models is to massively assist with addressing the well-being related issues by helping the doctors to foresee and analyze illnesses at a beginning phase.


Low‐frequency broadband (LFBB) sonars have the advantage of penetration into the sea‐floor, thus allowing ensonification of buried targets, but the disadvantage of inferior spatial resolution. Hence, this technology heavily relies on reducing false alarms through recognition of details of the acoustic signature. This reports on an effort to characterize the changes in the acoustic signatures that occur for elastic cylinders buried in various sediments. Numerical modeling of both target and reverberation highlight several difficulties in detection and classification of buried targets, most notably reduced signal excess for targets in sands and larger grain size sediments. Moreover, practical limits on sources and receivers limit the usable bandwidth of LFBB systems, consequently restricting the observable information used for characterizing the acoustic response of targets. Time‐frequency analysis methods of modeled signals reveal little information that distinguishes a signal of interest from a rigid or p...


Introduction: The chemical composition of the Moon should be considered as a fundamental geochemical constraint when testing cosmogonic models of its origin. One of the most important problems of lunar geochemistry is the determination of its bulk composition mainly the concentrations of rock-forming oxides SiO2, Al2О3, CaO, FeO and the MG# affecting mineralogy and physical properties (density (ρ), bulk (KS) and shear (G) moduli, VP and VS) of the mantle. The purpose of this work is to evaluate these geochemical parameters and to construct a model of chemical composition of the Moon based on a joint inversion of lunar mass and moment of inertia, the mantle P-, Svelocity profiles and petrological models by the Monte Carlo and Gibbs free energy minimization methods. Within this general problem, we consider two tasks: 1) to study the effect of the thermal state on the chemical composition and mineralogy of the three-layer mantle; 2) to reveal whether mantle is homogeneous or it is stratified by chemical composition. The solution of both problems will allow us to compare the composition of silicate fractions of the Moon and the Earth and to reveal their geochemical similarity and / or difference. Data and method: We investigate the thermal state and chemical composition of the silicate portion of the Moon (crust + mantle; BSM) for the magma ocean model (wich implies that modern composition of uniformly mixed overlying shells is identical with the bulk composition of the magma ocean, and reflect the bulk composition of the silicate Moon). We consider a five-layer model of the internal structure of the Moon including the crust, three zones of the mantle (the upper (39-240 km), the middle (240-750 km) and the lower mantle (750 km core)) and Fe-S core. The input parameters of the model are the lunar mass and moment of inertia [1], the composition, the mean density and thickness of the crust, the seismic Pand S-wave velocities in the mantle [2,3], the oxide concentration interval in the NaTiCFMAS system, the average density of the Fe-S core. The modeling of the composition and physical properties of the Moon was performed in the NaTiCFMAS system using Monte Carlo method and Gibbs free energy minimization combined with a Mie-Grüneisen equation of state of minerals described in detail in our previous publications [4,5]. The following ranges of oxide concentrations in the mantle (wt.%) were considered: 25 ≤ MgO ≤ 45%, 40 ≤ SiO2 ≤ 55%, 5 ≤ FeO ≤ 15%, 0.1 ≤ CaO, Al2O3 ≤ 7%, where the concentrations of Al2O3 and CaO are related by the dependence of CaO/Al2O3 ~ 0.8 [6]. Since the temperature at different depths is not exactly known [5,7], the mean volume mantle temperature Tmean, controlling the mantle mineral composition and physical properties, is chosen as an integral characteristic of the thermal state of the Moon, which for our model is calculated from the expression: Tmean = (TuVu + TmVm + TlVl)/( Vu + Vm + Vl), where Tu, Tm, Tl is the mean temperature (oC) in the three zones of the mantle, Vu, Vm, Vl are the volumes of the upper, middle and lower mantle. In terms of Tmean, all thermal models can be conditionally divided into "cold" ones with Tmean ~ 690-860оC and "hot" ones with Tmean ~ 925-1075оC. Results and conclusions: Regardless of the thermal state, BSM is characterized by almost constant bulk FeO ~ 12-13 wt.% and MG# 80-81.5, which significantly differs from those for the bulk-silicate Earth (BSE). The FeO content of 11-14 wt.% and MG# 80-83 are approximately identical in the upper and lower mantle. The abundance of SiO2 slightly depends on the thermal state and is 50-55% in the upper mantle and 45-50% in the lower mantle. On the contrary, there are two different groups for the lunar abundance of alumina depending on the thermal state: 1) Cold models of BSM (3-4.6 wt.% Al2O3) are comparable to the Al2O3 content for the BSE; 2) Hot models – bulk Al2O3 is 1.2 – 1.7 × BSE. The results indicate a gradual increase in the alumina content from the upper mantle (1-2%) to the lower one up to 4-7 wt.% Al2O3 with a garnet amount up to ~20 wt.%. The simulation results suggest that the lunar mantle is stratified by chemical composition. However, the question of the similarity and / or difference in their composition with regard to the abundance of refractory elements remains unresolved and requires further research. Acknowledgments: This work was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) under Grant 18-05-00225 and Program 17 of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences.