This study empirically analyses bilateral trade of Turkey with her main trade partners using monthly time series data over the period of 2000 to 2015. J-curve theory and short-run dynamics of bilateral trade is tested by linear ARDL and Non-linear ARDL approaches. The empirical results indicate that there is no J-curve effect during short-run for United States and for France; it symmetrically exists to Germany and asymmetrically to United Kingdom. Also long-run relationship between exchange rate and trade balance has mixed results. Asymmetric long-run relationship between exchange rate and trade balance for United States exists where it is symmetrically most appropriate for Germany. In the other hand this study failed to verify any long-run relationship between exchange rate and trade balance for France and for United Kingdom.


This article analyzes the present condition of the professional social workers through their practice activities and their biographies. The context of the ethnographic research is Naples. The first part of the paper describes the experience of social operators that work in the cooperatives of the third sector and in the private social organizations. The second one presents a focus about the condition of the social workers that take care of the homeless. The theoretical perspective of this paper is the critical approach to the "selective welfare policy" produced by the liberal governmentality. The authors focus on the distortions created by the system of governance and its impact on social workers and "users". From the point of view of professional social workers, this article reflects on how "work, health and family" become an "individual risk" as a result of the transformation of welfare policies.


The radar estimate of precipitation is recognized to be of great value for operational use, the high spatial and temporal resolution being a key point in nowcasting procedures. It is also well known that the radar precipitation estimate suffers for different sources of error that have to be removed in order to fulfill meteorological and hydrological requirements. First of all reflectivity corrections are necessary, but benefits may be achieved by blending other sensor measurements (see among the others Chumchean et al., 2006). Merging the radar estimate with precipitation observed by a dense rain gauge network seems to be a solution. On the other side, often the merging techniques are not only inadequate, but even misleading. The correction by means of a sparse network has to take into account the complexity of the precipitation field itself and instrument limits that may lead to a non-uniform bias field, particularly in areas with complex orography. Moreover different precipitation regimes originate different bias field structures, convective events being very intermittent in time and space. Many techniques have been proposed with different degrees of complexity, some to remove mean bias, some other to reconstruct the bias field, to geostatistical methods. (Barbosa, 1994; Goudenhoofdt and Delobbe, 2009). In this work it is investigated the performance of a real time algorithm for mean radar bias correction and it is compared to an algorithm that reproduce the non uniform bias correction hourly. The test is conducted over a two months period, where convective, and mixed large scale convective events take place.


The article discusses art censorship in China, with particular focus on raids on the Oriental Vista (OV) Galley in Shanghai, China and the studio of Chinese artist Ai Weiwei in November 2010. Censorship of the exhibitions "Shifting Definitions" and "Re-envisioning History" at the OV Gallery are explored. Ai Weiwei's criticism of government-initiated suppression and the imprisonment of activist Liu Xiaobo, which led to the demolition of his artist studio, are also addressed.


Introduction The purpose of our study was to review the tolerability of levetiracetam (LEV) in a population of older patients (~65 years) diagnosed with a cognitive or anxiety disorder. Method LEV was evaluated in placebo-controlled, monotherapy trials that included 738 patients with Cognitive Disorders, of whom 319 were ~65 years, and 1,609 patients with Anxiety Disorders, of whom 169 were ~65 years. Data are reported as comparison of the incidence of specific adverse effects in the LEV and placebo groups (where the incidence was ~5% in the LEV group). Results Common problems in the Cognitive group were asthenia (7.1%), somnolence (4.5%), urinary tract infection (4.1%), dizziness (3.3%), and headache (1.3%). Common problems in the Anxiety group were headache and tremor (5.2%), urinary tract infection (4.1%), weight loss (4.0%), anorexia, pharyngitis, and abdominal pain (3.8%), insomnia (3.0%), vomiting (2.4%), and oedema (2.0%). In comparison, the younger group of patients with epilepsy who received LEV reported somnolence (6.4%), infection (5.9%), asthenia (5.6%), dizziness (4.7%), pharyngitis (2.2%), and pain (0.7%). The type and incidence of adverse effects reported by older patients were lower than reports from the predominantly younger epilepsy patients taking multiple AEDs. Conclusion LEV was well tolerated by older patients with central nervous system disorders other than epilepsy. No problems occurred among these older patients that were not seen in the epilepsy population, nor were the rates higher. These data indicate that adverse effects associated with LEV were minimized when the drug was used as monotherapy, even in this vulnerable population.


There is provided a gas separation system in which the membrane area of the whole system can be reduced while a high yield rate of a target gas is maintained. An exhaust port for retentate (11b) of a first unit (11) and a gas inflow port (12a) of a second unit (12) are connected by a discharge line for retentate (14) with each other. A discharge port for permeate (11c) of the first unit and a gas inflow port (13a) of a third unit (13) are connected by a Ausstromoffnug for permeate (15) to each other. A supply line for the feed gas mixture (16) is connected to a gas inflow port (11a) of the first unit. A discharge port for permeate (12c) of the second unit (12) and the supply line for the feed gas mixture (16) are connected by a return conduit for permeate (17). An exhaust port for retentate (13b) of the third unit (13) and the supply line for the feed gas mixture (16) are connected together by a return line for retentate (18). At least during operation, the gas permeability of the second unit (12) is higher than that of the third unit (13), and the gas selectivity of the third unit is higher than that of the second unit.


In this article there are results of studying of theoretical views to the nature and to the matter of the interpersonal conflict developed into foreign psychology. It is given particular consideration to the analysis of conflict's theories formed into the theme of psychoanalysis, behaviourism and cognitive psychology.


Startups have successfully used crowdfunding to pre-sell products, fund charitable efforts and capitalize artistic endeavors. But securities laws have prevented equity crowdfunding whereby ordinary people can obtain a profit interest in the startups they fund – until now. Now that securities laws are changing, and equity crowdfunding will be legal, some are predicting a flood of new crowdfunding enterprises. Yet equity crowdfunding is fraught with problems, including the fact that it's about six times more expensive than startup financing by other means. Many critics therefore argue that equity crowdfunding will create a "market for lemons" in which no sane person would invest. This paper takes a different approach by recognizing that while equity crowdfunding doesn't make economic sense at first blush, it can be effectively used to predict the popularity of a consumer product, which may in turn encourage venture capitalists to invest more money in that enterprise.


Here, a microdilution technique based on the M27‐A2 protocol (NCCLS, 2002) was employed to compare the susceptibilities of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis to essential oils extracted from plants used as spices. The chemical compositions of the essential oils were defined based on the analysis of retention indices obtained by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. Taken together, the results showed that the activity of the compounds against the two species was similar.


Background : C-Reactive Protein is a good marker of systemic inflammation which can be measured easily. Atherosclerosis lesions are intimal thickening of arteries. Inflammatory and immune cells constitute an important part of atheroma. C-RP levels at the upper end of the normal range indicate that a low level of inflammatory response has been initiated. Measurment of hs CRP provides a method to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease very early in life. Aim : Estimation of High sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (HS-CRP) levels which is a marker of inflammation in serum of normal people and patients with past history of myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods : Twenty six serum samples from patients with coronary heart disease (who had previous history of Myocardial Infarction) and twenty-one control samples and were included in the study. High sensitivity C-reactive protein and lipoprotein profile were estimated in patients with coronary heart disease and in age matched controls. Statistical Analysis- All data were represented as mean ± SD. Experimental data were statistically analyzed by students t'-test. For all analysis statistical significance was considered as p < 0.05. Results: Mean hs C-RP level is significantly elevated in patients who had myocardial infarction when compared with age matched controls. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol also found to be increased in individuals who had myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Inflammation plays an important role in myocardial infarction. Increased risk of MI is seen in those individuals who have higher levels of hsC-RP. There is also increase in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in subjects who had myocardial infarction when compared to controls. Coronary artery disease may be prevented by reducing the inflammation in addition to reducing the LDL cholesterol.


In recent years, many embedded system prototyping tools have been developed. Generally, they can be classified into two categories: physical prototyping (PP), virtual prototyping (VP). The integration of these prototyping tools is valuable because it will speed up time-to-market and decrease the cost of design. To reinforce such effects, we introduce a new prototyping concept of modeling prototyping (MP). In this paper, first we propose a flexible and reusable H/W design environment by integrating PP, MP and VP based on JavaBeans. Second, we try to bridge between MP and PP using a new library called SCPP. Since they can communicate with each other, if prototyping modules are distributed across PP and VP, the design complexities in MP will be alleviated. Third, we devise a general template for sensors and actuators in MP to transfer data from a virtual controller to PP. We demonstrate how our proposed integrated prototyping framework can be used flexibly in different tools. We also show how this framework can mitigate the H/W design complexity by taking an example of a simple elevator.


Some writers have attempted to classify insanity into emotional, ideational, impulsive, and intellectual insaniity, according to whether the case showed mor-e prominently an emotional or ideational disturbance, etc. I say more prominently, for there never was yet known a case in which either of these artificial divisions of mental phenomena was alone affected ; thlbrain-functions were never so dissected, as it were, by disease. Again, some autlhors divide the cases of insanity according to their supposed causes. They speak of mania d potu as a distinct malady, while others fix upon a mere concom-nitant, and describe a puerperal mania, or phthisical mania, making a mere accident the godfather to the disease; as, again, in kleptomania, oinomania, etc. Surely this is a great and very unnecessarv departure from the rules of pathology. We might as well speak of the varieties of fractures, as fractures fromn falls, from blows, from pressure, etc.; or describe puerperal fractures, scrofulous fractures, and so on. In general pathology, too, a disease once ascertained in its early stage continues to be called by the same namie throughout all its stages. A case of pneumonia is pneumonia from beginning to end; the first, second, and third stages have not distinct titles, and are not disconnected in works on medicine. It would be as rational to classify disease by its duration, as cases of one week, or two weeks, tlhree weeks old, etc. Yet this is very much what is done by some writers in their classification of mental diseases. We read in reports of such a case as epileptic mania complicated with paralysis. Surely onie disease is enough at a time, and as surely our nomenclature should signify an unity, not a trinity, of morbid processes. Of course, we cannot expect to achieve a nomenclature which is perfect ; such a consummation presupposes a complete knowledge of all diseases. But, admitting that our system must be only a provisional one, we ought to guard ourselves against allowing such an auxiliary to become our master instead of our servant ; against perpetuating error, instead of aiding in the discovery of trtlth. When we speak of acute mania, do we not imply that we are alluding to a disease which is of a distinict and separate morbid species ? or, rather, do we or do we not mean a disease as distinct in all its characters, in its progress and termination, as small-pox, syphilis, cancer, etc.? If we do not, we should acknowledge the fact at the outset, and say that mania is a symptom merely, like cough, jaundice, tormina, etc. But mania finds a place in most published treatises on insanity, and occupies, indeed, a prominent position in most classifications, and is divided also into several varieties. If mania be a disease jer se, of course it must commence as mania, continue and terminate, always a mania; and if so, I would ask, is such a malady ever met with ? I extract from a French author the following example of the mode of describinig the condition. " Iania," he says, " was thus described by Esquirol. A cerebral affection of chronic character, ordinarily without fever, and characterised by perturbation and exaltation of the emotions, the understanding, and the will. It breaks out suddenly, following some strong emotion, an alcoholic excess, or a prolonged incarceration, anid mounts in a few hours to its highest degree." I have, with this view in mind, waited now some twenty years without finding anything in my experience to agree entirely with this description. If tllis description be that of a distinct species of disease, I have never met with any clearly marked instance of acute primary mania; and nmy experience now ranges over several thousands of cases. I have several times supposed that I had such a case under observation, but on thorough investigation I have never been able to satisfy myself of the fact. I use the word primary to avoid misconception, though I do not admit its propriety: all true morbid species of course are primary. I have also received patients certified to be labouring under acute mania, cases commencing, that is, as mania and so continuing ; but I have never been able to verify such a diagnosis. I have searched reports, newspaper accounts, trials in which persons have been accused or tried for sudden outbreaks of maniacal violence, or whose crimes have been excused on the ground of insanity; but, whenever any history of the accused's case has been given, I have never found that the outbreak was the first symptom of the disease. The cases which I have received as examples of acute primary mania have been of the following character. Firstly-and these appear to correspond most nearlv to the description given of acute mania-are cases of general paresis, in what the French call the expansive stage. I believe it to be almost universal that maniacal symptoms occur very early in the course of general paresis. There is a stage of excitement evidenced at first by great garrulity, which speedily goes on to an outbreak of maniiacal violence. It is not uncommon, as we all know, for this stage to pass away before any motor symptoms make their appearance, and the patient may be even discharged cured at this juncture, and his case may seem to justify a diagnosis of primary mania ; but the motor svmptoms, according to my experience, invariably appear, and in the sequel all the other characteristics of paresis. It would not be correct, however, to call the same pathological coniditions by two names. The disease is general paresis from first to last ; one morbid process only is in operation in the patient's system from beginniing to end. I think that other cases, considered at first siglht tobe examplesofprimary mania, are secondary attacks of recurrent insanity. In such cases, the attack, though it be the second or tlhird, may not be known, or it may be concealed by those who bring the patient to the asylum. The premonitory symptoms of these secondary attacks are often of very short duration, atnd show but slight deviation from the ordinary condition of the patient, to detect which it may require a well-tutored observation. The symptoms of maniacal character quickly succeed ; they are often well-pronounced, and seem to the friends and non-medical observer to be the first phenomena of the attack ; but such cases are not instances of primary maria. If it be the fact, then, that no case of insanity commences as mania, we should expunge the name from the list of diseases, and use the word only as a term for a symptom or series of symptoms of a given character. And if it be true that no primary case commences with violence, the knowledge of the fact becomes of the utmost value in a medico-legal point of view also.


This paper introduced generating FACTS controller-asynchronized synchronous generator's structure and classification.And ASG's variable speed principle is introduced. The difference between ASG and asynchronous generator is presented. The signification of ASG is described.


A multi-bus dispatching strategy is proposed for a ring-shaped road bus transport system, which allows dispatching single bus or multiple buses and incorporates volume dynamics on both buses and stations. Also, the passengers' perceived waiting time is firstly formulated as one part of the cost function to take passengers' anxiety into account, and thereby improving the bus quality of service of bus operations. At upstream stations, as many passengers as possible will board the bus, which leads to the less space remaining on the bus and thus the enlongated wait for passengers at downstream stations. With the aim to avoid such phenomenon, the bus boarding control is implemented in the passengers' boarding process captured by a simultaneous loading model to provide boarding opportunities for the waiting passengers at downstream bus stations. The formulated problem is tackled in two different scenarios, i.e., either with a linear cost or with a nonlinear cost. The linear cost, incorporating the passengers' actual waiting time and the bus utilization, is firstly converted into a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem, and is solved by the commercial solver Gurobi. With the computational complexity as a concern, two different evolutionary algorithms, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Harmony Search algorithm (HS), are also adopted to solve the problem in real time. In Scenario 2, the nonlinear cost, integrating the passengers' perceived waiting time and the bus utilization, is directly solved by both GA and HS. Finally, case studies are provided to illustrate the efficiency of our proposed strategy by comparing with the traditional bus schedule strategies, as well as analyzing the different impacts of the bus loading process when either passengers' actual waiting time or passengers' perceived waiting time are taken into account.


Purpose: The purposes of this article are (1) to list key messages from the 2003 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) guidelines of the Canadian Thoracic Society (CTS) and associated implications and responsibilities for physiotherapists and (2) to compare these guidelines with other published reports or statements describing pulmonary rehabilitation. Summary of Key Points: The main responsibilities that physiotherapists should assume to optimize prevention of COPD and management of persons with COPD are to (1) recommend and support smoking cessation for all patients who are smokers; (2) prescribe exercise programmes for patients with COPD; (3) ensure that people with COPD resume activity after an acute exacerbation; (4) refer patients to physicians for appropriate evaluation and care if not yet diagnosed with COPD or if the management of the patient's symptoms is not optimal or consistent with the COPD guidelines developed by the CTS; (5) facilitate adherence to pharmacotherapy; (6) participate a...


In response to the challenges of global competition and adaptation to the trend of European integration,29 European countries started the Bologna Process at the end of the 20th century which aims to integrate European higher education system.Based on the comparable,compatible and transparent principle,it built the higher education system framework in order to achieve the coordination of the diversity and consistency in the Bologna Process;reform on integration of European higher education is designed integrally and promoted systematically;the stakeholders of the Bologna Process involved in policy formulation,which also won a wide social support for Bologna Process being successfully promoted.The design,organization and management of the Bologna Process offer important inspiration and experience for our higher education reform.


Pillar One is a proposal by the OECD Secretariat to address changes in the allocation of taxing rights of business profits at an international level. It comes as a reaction to the tension generated by the inadequacies of the international tax regime that are significantly exacerbated by the digitalization of the economy. The proposal aims at achieving a long-standing, consensus-based solution. Notably, the rationale of Pillar One is in opposition to long-standing standards on the allocation of taxing rights of business profits, such as the requirement of physical presence to allow source taxation or the arm's length standard as a profit allocation mechanism. This contribution addresses Pillar One and its compromise-based rationale from a normative standpoint, and its feasibility in reshaping the future of the international tax regime.


Micrometer-sized refractory metal fibers of Nb were produced by an unconventional method of mechanically reducing arc-cast ingots of Nb-Cu in which the original microstructure contains ductile Nb precipitates. During mechanical reduction the precipitates were elongated into fibers, which were extracted by chemically dissolving the Cu matrix. Composite specimens of Nb fibers in a glass matrix were fabricated by dry-blending a mixture of fibers and powdered glass, then hot-pressing into disks. Fracture toughness, KIC, was measured using microin-dentation and three-point bending methods. The fracture toughness increased with increasing volume fraction of fibers with the greatest improvement noted at 0.10≤vf≤0.20. The values of KIC increased as the interfiber spacing and the fiber diameter decreased. Both the effective fracture surface energy and the fracture strength were enhanced by increasing vf. The small fibers embedded in the brittle matrix showed virtually no evidence of microcracking; Nb fibers and glass matrices also demonstrated good interfacial adhesion. Fractographs suggested that the fibers were very effective in resisting crack propagation. Experimental observations were explained using the concept of crack-front bowing and fiber bridging.


Endtz et al. (1) published a comparative study of six media for the isolation of Campylobacter spp. from stool specimens. This is a very interesting study, which includes the use of our semisolid selective motility (SSM) medium. We were surprised to observe that only 72% of the Campylobacter spp. cultured on all six media were isolated with SSM medium. We previously reported that 95% of Campylobacter spp. recovered on three different media were isolated with SSM medium (3). As noted in the article, their "gold standard" included six media, whereas our "gold standard" included only three; still, we do not believe that this accounts entirely for this significant difference. Endtz et al. (1) suggested that we would have noticed similar results had our media been incubated for 72 instead of 48 h. This is correct for investigators using jars, particularly if they are incubated at 37°C, as in their study for the charcoal-based selective medium and charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar medium. However, incubation for 72 instead of 48 h does not lead to a significant number of additional isolates if plates are incubated in a special incubator at 42°C, as in our study (4). We cultured 4,580 stool specimens for the presence of Campylobacter spp. on our solid selective medium (2); the plates were incubated at 42°C in a special incubator for 24, 48, and 72 h. We isolated Campylobacter spp. from 361 patients; 263 cultures were positive after 24 h of incubation, 95 were positive after 48 h, and only 3 were positive after 72 h of incubation. We consider the SSM medium to be suitable for incubation in ajar, even with a candle. Indeed, in additional studies we tested 4,598 stool specimens for Campylobacter spp. by means of solid (3) and semisolid (4) selective media incubated at 42°C for 48 h. We found 206 patients positive for Campylobacter spp.; 190 were positive with the solid medium incubated in the special incubator and 189 were positive with the semisolid medium incubated in the candle jar. We believe that there may be two reasons why the SSM medium did not perform as well in the study of Endtz et al. First, it has been shown that the change in agar manufacturer or lot number markedly affects the performance of the semisolid selenite fecal agar for the isolation of salmonella from stool specimens (5). We obtained the best results with Difco Bacto-Agar (the manufacturer who provided the agar was not reported in the study by Endtz et al.). Second, it is clear that the basal broth is also crucial for successful use of the semisolid medium. In our study, we compared MuellerHinton (GIBCO), brain heart infusion (Difco), brain heart infusion PAB (Difco), thioglycolate (bioMérieux), Trypticase soya (Difco), nutrient (Difco), and Brucella (Difco) broths. McFarland No. 1 suspensions of 14 strains of Campylobacter spp. were inoculated into each medium; swarming distances were measured after 48 h of incubation at 42°C in a special incubator. The following mean values were obtained (in millimeters): 41.4, 40.1, 39.2, 25.6, 0, 16.0, 36.8, respectively. Thus, significant differences were observed among the different types of basal broths; Mueller-Hinton broth was found to allow the most swarming of Campylobacter spp. We also compared five different lot numbers of Mueller-Hinton broth from three manufacturers; one was found to produce less swarming of Campylobacter spp. Thus, we still consider the SSM medium to be an excellent isolation medium for Campylobacter spp. from stool specimens. However, the results may have to be interpreted with caution because of the differences in broths and agars.


This article examines the topic of exposing Jews of tainted lineage and of maintaining genealogical knowledge in rabbinic literature. Recent scholarship on lineage in rabbinic literature focused on rabbinic attitudes towards lineage and towards revealing invalid Jews. A consensus emerged according to which Babylonian rabbis encouraged exposing Jews of invalid lineage, while Palestinian rabbis preferred to conceal this information. The first part of this article shows that in fact, Palestinian rabbinic sources offer a range of voices regarding exposing invalid Jews. The second section focuses on the issue of maintenance of genealogical knowledge. Scholars assumed that the Rabbis were the central repository of genealogical knowledge, and that they controlled its flow to the community. I show that rabbinic sources do not assume that the rabbis possessed genealogical knowledge. Rather, it is the community as a collective, and the individuals that make it up, that preserve, transmit, and reveal, genealogical information.


2 Abstract: Stenting is one of the most important methods to treat atherosclerosis. Due to its simplicity and efficiency, the use of coronary stents in interventiona l procedures has rapidly increased and different stent designs have been introduced in the market. In order to have the better output of stent implantation, it i s needed to analyze the mechanical behavior of this device before manufacturing and utilizing. One of the most effective methods to investigate the mechanical behavior of the stent is finite element method. The aim of this work is to investigate the expansion characteristics of a stent (Multi-Link stent) as it is deployed and implanted in an artery containing a plaque and propose a model as close to real conditions of stent implantation as possible. A bi-linear elasto-plastic material model for stent and hyperelastic material models for balloon, artery and plaque have been assumed. This model includes the internal pressure of blood. Stress distribution, radial gain, outer diameter changes and dogboning are investigated.


The ultraviolet spectrum of sodium nitrite in aqueous sulphuric acid is essentially that of nitrous acid below 40 per cent, acid, and that of nitrosonium ion above 70 per cant. acid. In the intermediate range there is evidence that the nitroacidium ion (H2NO2+) is an important constituent of the solution. Equilibria involving the three species have been calculated using activity data for water and sulphuric acid. Similar results are obtained in aqueous phosphoric acid as a solvent. In hydrochloric acid of low water activity the high chloride activity causes what appears to be almost total conversion to nitrosyl chloride. The ultraviolet spectrum of the nitrosonium ion is a structureless transition with emax.=3850 at about 46 kK (2200 Ǻ). The nitroacidium ion does not absorb appreciably within the accessible range.


Although it is generally believed that genetic and developmental factors play critical roles in pathogenesis of schizophrenia, however, the precise etiological mechanism of schizophrenia remains largely unknown. Over past decades, miRNAs have emerged as an essential post‐transcriptional regulator in gene expression regulation. The importance of miRNA in brain development and neuroplasticity has been well‐established. Abnormal expression and dysfunction of miRNAs are known to involve in the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric diseases including schizophrenia. In this review, we summarized the recent findings in the schizophrenia‐associated dysregulation of miRNA and functional roles in the development and pathogenesis of schizophrenia. We also discussed the potential therapeutic implications of miRNA regulation in the illness.


Abstract. Mechanical weeding robot is the most important equipment to reduce the herbicide use. In this paper it was indicated that the mechanical weeding robot was very necessary. The difficulties and key technologies which must to be solved were also discussed in the research. According to the analysis of weeding robot working environment, the principle of the system integration for mechanical weeding robot has been set forth. The real time location of the crop and navigation data for the tractor and weeding equipment could be acquired by the weeding robot based on machine vision. This information would be sent to the embedded control system to control the tractor's navigation, the hydraulic copying system and the movement of the weeding hoes. The technologies of the targets recognition, the navigation based on Hough transform method, the integration of the energy supply system and the hydraulic copying system were also mentioned in this paper. The control of land surface copying and the side movement control could be realized. The intra-row weeds could be removed by the intra-row weeding hoes without damaging crops based on the electro-hydraulic servo control technology.


Historical studies of genocide in the 20th century trace the roots back to the sociopolitical, economic, and cultural developments of the early modern period. From globalization to urbanization, to imperialism, state formation and homogenization, from religious warfare to enlightenment, to racism: many factors connected with genocide first emerged or vastly developed between the 15th and 18th centuries. While the early modern period did not have a crime of genocide, it possessed its own legal system which contemplated the rightful destruction of whole peoples, and a political culture that sanctioned the use of mass violence. As a result, early modern genocide has been denied or blurred as a regrettable side effect of the global circulation of ideas, goods, and peoples, and the creation of new societies, cultures, and languages arising from it. This collection looks at the different genocides which unfolded around the globe, emphasizing its gendered dimension and its disproportionate and enduring impact on indigenous populations. Although European imperialism and homogenization play a central role, it aims more widely to cover the principal agents, victims and rationale for genocide in the early modern world. As a whole, this volume aims at fostering the debate on the early modern history of genocide, not as an insulated or secondary subject, but as a central issue of the era with profound implications for our own.


The cover image is based on the Original Article Comparative assessment of reported symptoms of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and human metapneumovirus infection during hospitalization and post-discharge assessed by Respiratory Intensity and Impact Questionnaire by Ann R. Falsey et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12903.


Osteogenesis is coupled with angiogenesis during bone remodelling. G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2‐interacting protein‐1 (GIT1) is an important protein that participates in fracture healing by regulating angiogenesis. This study investigated whether GIT1 could affect bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to secrete angiogenic factors to enhance fracture healing by promoting angiogenesis and its possible mechanism.


Terrorist group prediction using historical data of terrorist incidents has been less explored due to the lack of meticulous terrorist data which contains terrorist group's attacks and activities information. There are many reasons for less exploration like its confidentiality & sensitivity. This paper presents an enhanced system that helps to predict the terrorist groups involved in the attack under investigation named ETGPS. This system initially learns similarities of terrorist activities from various past terrorist incidents to predict the responsible group. This system can be considered as a vital tool for security agencies and intelligence analysts, by providing more reliable and predictive solutions to take effective counterterrorism measures. The system has been validated by experimental results. The overall performance of the system displays a fair degree of accuracy. This paper also lays emphases on the meticulous analysis of optimal parameters weight estimation, to improve the predictive accuracy of the system.


The process of rubber composite armor anti-shaped charge jet (SCJ) penetration was divided into four parts based on jet deformation that occurred when the SCJ penetrated the rubber composite armor. Results on the interference speed interval, interference frequency, and surplus penetration capability of the SCJ with the rubber composite armor were derived based on the stress wave and the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability theory. The effects of rubber layer thickness and obliquity of the armor for the composite armor anti-SCJ penetration were studied through theoretical, X-ray, and depth of penetration experiments. The results showed that when the obliquity was at 60° and the rubber layer thickness was in the range of 3 mm to 3.5 mm, the rubber composite armor seriously disturbed the stability of the SCJ. Thus, the rubber composite armor was found to have the best protection capability under these specifications.


We report the high S/N observation on October 3, 2002 with XMM-Newton of the brightest X-ray flare detected so far from Sgr A* with a duration shorter than one hour (~2.7 ks). The light curve is almost symmetrical with respect to the peak flare, and no significant difference between the soft and hard X-ray range is detected. The overall flare spectrum is well represented by an absorbed power-law with a soft photon spectral index of $\Gamma =2.5 \pm0.3$, and a peak 2–10 keV luminosity of 3.6$^{+0.3}_{-0.4}\times 10 ^{35}$ erg s -1 , i.e. a factor 160 higher than the Sgr A* quiescent value. No significant spectral change during the flare is observed. This X-ray flare is very different from other bright flares reported so far: it is much brighter and softer. The present accurate determination of the flare characteristics challenge the current interpretation of the physical processes occuring inside the very close environment of Sgr A* by bringing very strong constraints for the theoretical flare models.


Colistin (CL) is one of a group of basic peptide antibiotics, named polymyxin.4) The antimicrobial spectra of CL are confined to some kinds of gram negative bacteria, however the Proteus species has been known to be insensitive to it. It is well recognized that the primary site of action of CL is upon the cell mem brane with Escherichia coli.2) On the other hand, CL shows synergism with sulfonamide to Proteus mirabilis.1) Although actinomycin has no effect on an intact cell of E. coli, it inhibits the growth and RNA synthesis of the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-treated cell.6) Consequently, it can be assumed that at least EDTA treatment increases the nonspecific permeability of E. coli and releases lipopolysaccharide-lipoprotein complex from the cell wall into the medium5,6) and that phosphatide synthesis of the cell membrane would be interfered slightly by sulfonamide.1) The purpose of the present report is to study the susceptibility of spheroplasts of Proteus species to CL in the presence of EDTA. Proteus mirabilis 129 was used throughout this ex periment. 80 ml of a heart-infusion broth (Difco) culture of bacteria, growing logarithmically, were mixed with 20ml of 50% sucrose solution containing 0.2 % MgCl2, 0.2% CaCl2 and 5000ƒÊ/ml of penicillin. After incubation for 16hr at 37•Ž, the spheroplasts were collected by centrifugation at 1500rpm for 10min. The pellets were then resuspended in 0.01M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0.2% MgCl2, 0.2% CaCl2 and 0.25M sucrose. Appropriate concentration of the spheroplasts was made by diluting the suspension with the same buffer and the concentration was measured by a hemocytometer and adjusted to 5.5•~105ml of spheroplasts. Release of UV absorbing materials from CL and EDTA-treated spheroplasts and morphological changes on an electron microscope were investigated by the following two methods: FIG. 1. Release of UV Absorbing Substances from Proteus mirabilis.


Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of a long-acting fentanyl solution in helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris) after transdermal administration. Twenty-one guineafowl received a single administration of 5 mg/kg of fentanyl transdermal solution. No adverse effects on behavior were appreciated. Plasma fentanyl concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of protein-precipitated samples. Mean maximum plasma concentration was 228.8 ng/ml at 4 hr. The mean plasma terminal half-life was 33.2 hr. At 168 hr the mean plasma concentration was 1.3 ng/ml. A single topical dose of 5 mg/kg appears to be safe for use in this species and maintained plasma concentrations above those reported to be analgesic in dogs for at least 7 days.


Based on concerns about rndoor air quality and trends towards ti@ter envebp e construction, there has been increasing interest in mechanical ventilation of ~sidentid buildings in the United Stat=. This paper reports on a stiation study of indoor air qtity, ventilation and ener~ tip acts of several mechanical ventilation approaches in a sin~e-fdy residential building The study focuses on a two-story house in the northwestern United States and employs the multizone tifbw and contaminant disp ersd model CONTAM96. The contaminants studid include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen diotie, water vap or, fine p articl~, and a generic volatile or-c compound. One-year simulations were performed for abase case of envebp e infiltration, p msive inlet vents with interniittent mechanical exhaust, outdoor intake to the forced-ti system return balanced by mechanical exhaust, and continuous exhaust. Results discussed include whole building ti change mtes, ene~ consumption and contaminmt concentrations.


In this paper, by using the theory of evolution families, Banach's con- traction principle and Schauder's fixed point theorem, we prove the existence of mild solutions of a class of semilinear evolution integrodifferential equations with nonlo- cal conditions in Banach space. An example is provided to illustrate the obtained results.


Based on my research, the paper will discuss the dynamic of Pongkor local community and illegal miners from many other places in Indonesia, especially in case of riot on 1998. The high mobility of traditional miners at that time was mostly migrant workers from Lampung and Lebak which have descended on Pongkor and mined for gold without the company's permission for many years. It indicated that the forceful of migrant illegal miners had been pressure not only to the Company, but also to local community around the mine site. The migrant illegal miners brought their own cultures and sometimes the local community had to follow them as much as they want. The role of "Jawara" gave any touch on the kind of local security and intervened to the local policy authority. The dynamic of local community gradually changed. It has shown for many years and changed the way of life and kind of job. The identity was constructed. Even though since around 2003 the situation has changed, which only a few migrant illegal miners at Pongkor mountain, but it's hard for many young generation of local community to find their own way of life.


This research is focusing on the cause of the development of sand spit and the tidal prism. Comparison between sand spit occurrences are made to see the common features between the sand spit and to determine what are the effects towards its development.


Class societies by their very definition breed and perpetuate poverty. Attempts to address poverty issues are of recent origins. More specifically in the developing world, they began only after World War II. These initiatives were born in the industrial West and were exported by foreign advisers and consultants to poverty afflicted nations. These jet-set experts often come for a short period and operated from posh hotels dictating the ground rules for eradicating poverty. There is definitely big business in poverty policy programmes.  Academics, too, have cashed in on the poverty issue. Many jumped on to the poverty bandwagon. They have investigated the causes of poverty, ways to eradicate poverty, profiles of the poor, indicators of poverty, and of late even to the extent of developing a poverty monitoring system. The vast amount of money is poured into these noble causes. Their findings are deliberated in seminars and conferences both at the national and international levels. But persistent poverty defies their captive minds. Theoretical, definitional, and measurement issue.s continue to haunt poverty studies. Exorcising poverty is ritualized. Among the producing classes, the Razaks are born and live out their daily existence producing and reproducing their like images. Class-ridden societies multiply these soldiers of broken fortunes.


Optimal planning of oil-saving pathway for road passenger transportation sector remains a challenging task, as it involves many powertrains and fuel alternatives in the course of traffic volume expansion. This manuscript proposed a cost-optimisation superstructure model (COSM) to derive the optimal oil-saving pathway for road passenger transportation up to 2030. In each year of the planning horizon, the model considered eight options of alternative fuels and powertrains for seven categories of newly registered passenger vehicles which was derived from the projected vehicle population and survival rates. The optimisation objective of the model was to minimize the accumulated costs of fuels and vehicles over the planning horizon, and the optimal oil saving pathway was then decided by choosing the most cost-effective options of alternative fuels and powertrains for annual newly registered vehicles from 2010 to 2030. Based on the COSM, the empirical study of China indicated that the cost-optimal oil saving potential was 61 and 126 Mt (OE) in 2020 and 2030. The sensitivity analysis indicated that supply amount of vehicular natural gas was more sensitivity than that of vehicular gasoline, gasoline price was more sensitivity than natural gas price, and acquisition cost of PEV (pure electricity vehicle) was more sensitive than that of HFCV (hydrogen fuel cell vehicle).


AbstractThe leaching potential of heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn, and Cu) from the tannery sludge charred at above 350°C under oxygen-depleted conditions was evaluated for re-use as landfill cover materials. Solidification/stabilization (S/S) was employed for the immobilization of heavy metals in the tannery sludge chars (TSCs) to further reduce the leaching potential. The effects of charring temperatures, different types of binders (FeSO4, lime, cement, HAP, and ladle slag), and aging on the immobilization of heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Cr) in the TSCs were investigated. The immobilization efficiencies were estimated using the toxicity characterization leaching procedure (TCLP). The results show that the extractable concentrations of heavy metals decreased with the charring temperature. The single binder (FeSO4 alone) was highly effective for Cr immobilization, but not for other heavy metals such as Ni and Zn. The binary binders, FeSO4 combined with lime, cement, or ladle slag, were highly effective ...


The accurate calculation of tide levels is important in the design, construction, and management of structures associated with the sea or water areas. However, conventional tidal predictions only consider astronomical factors. Therefore, it is difficult to predict based on storm surges, oceanic weather and other factors. Herein, we presented a predictive function to accurately determine tide levels by considering marine factors. For the eastern coastal area, past forecasts and survey data were collected from three tide stations at the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration. In addition, data of maritime factors such as wind speed, wave height, and wave period were collected from domestic buoy stations at the Korea Meteorological Administration. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to predict the occurrence of abnormal tides, and a new tidal prediction function was proposed through multiple regression analyses. The Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) method was used to select variables, and accuracy verification through k-division cross-validation and Normalized-Root Mean Square Error (N-RMSE) was performed. For the latter, the values ranged from 3.37% to 12.03%. If continuous meteorological data are accumulated and marine meteorological data are acquired near the tidal observation point, tidal levels can be predicted more accurately.


T HE SOUTH of Italy, or the Mezzogiorno midday, the time when the sun is highest as the South is generally called, is beginning to awaken from its long slumber of underdevelopment and depression.1 There are many ferments at work to stir the South from its past lethargy; and the Communist attempt to win this section which rose to a climax in the Sicilian elections of June 5, 1955 cannot lightly be dismissed.2 Probably the most notable among the economic and political factors causing this change is the program of the Italian government, especially its vast project of public works tied to agriculture and carried on through the Fund for the South, the Cassa per il Mezzogiorno.3 The idea of governmental action to rescue the southern area is not new. Activities such as tax and


A rapid procedure is described for the detection of bacteria on the surface of sliced ham or bacon. A solution of 5-phenyl-2-(p-2-iodophenyl)-3-(p-nitrophenyl)tetrazolium chloride is sprayed on the meat which is then incubated in a plastic bag for 15-30 min. at 37°. Sites of bacterial activity are indicated by the development of a red colour. The application to production work is discussed.


In this paper, a virtual PLC environment aiming at assisting automation teaching, learning and e-learning is proposed and discussed. The main contributions are a virtual PLC environment propped on a local and remote applications, along with the comparison of two teaching and learning methodologies, one local, while the other offers a remote interaction with the system. The proposed framework fits in the emerging technologies on the Internet of Everything, having the potential of promoting the integration and communication of virtual and real systems.


Salmonella is worldwide related to the most cases of food poisoning in humans. The meat contamination may occur from direct or indirect sources during the slaughter and pork processing. The main factors that contribute to pig carcass contamination at the slaughterhouse are the presence of asymptomatic Salmonella shedders and Salmonella transmission during the pre-slaughter transport and lairage. Usual slaughter procedures may be not able to totally avoid the contamination of the surface of carcasses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test different treatments to reduce Salmonella contamination, which may be adopted for decontamination of pig carcasses. Skin samples from pigs were artificially contaminated with a Salmonella Typhimurium phage type DT144 suspension (106 CFU/mL), and afterwards underwent nine treatments: 1) water, 2) water at 80°C, 3) water at 80°C with an organic acids blend (ascorbic, citric and lactic, Citrex®), 4) chlorinated water at 80°C with acids, 5) chlorinated water at 80°C, 6) water with acids, 7) chlorinated water with acids, 8) chlorinated water and 9) negative control (no treatment). Concentrations of 1,000 ppm and 2 ppm of Citrex® and chlorine, respectively, were used. All treatments were performed in ten repetitions and applied under controlled pressure (3 atm) for 10 seconds. Each skin was sampled, by swabbing a 5cm2-area on three occasions: before, shortly after and 24 hours after treatment. Swabs were placed individually in Buffered Peptone Water, homogenized, and 100 μL were spread on XLD agar for colony-formation unit counting of Salmonella. Data were analyzed using repeated measures model by the MIXED procedure of SAS. The effects of block, treatment, time and the interaction between them were tested. The treatment with chlorinated water at 80°C with organic acids had the best performance immediately after treatment and 24 hours later, followed by the treatments with chlorinated water plus organic acid, and water with organic acid.


This study aims to: 1) describe the structure that builds the novel 9 Matahari by Adenita; 2) express the value of education in the novel 9 Matahari by Adenita with a sociological literary approach; and 3) reveal the relevance of the results of this study with literary learning in Vocational High Schools. This type of research is qualitative descriptive. The object of this research is the value of education in the novel 9 Matahari by Adenita. The data of this study are words, sentences, phrases, clauses and paragraphs that show the structure and value of education in the novel. Data collection is done by library techniques, see, and note. The validity of the data uses the theory of triangulation and data triangulation. The data analysis technique is done by the semiotic model reading technique. The results of this study describe (1) the building structure 9 Matahari of Adenita'snovel, the theme. The theme raised is the struggle for success and introducing educational values to the community. The theme is depicted in the struggle of the character (Matari Anas) in the novel 9 Matahari which is not unyielding, and makes dreams the capital of all success ... The facts of the story, a) the plot used is an advanced plot, b) the main character is Matari Anas, Biran Anas (Mr Matari), Yati Ayati (Ms. Matari), and Sis Hera (Sis Matari), c) the background of the novel's place is happening at home in Gang Langgar Rawa Bugel in the City of Jakarta and in the City of Bandung, the setting took place in 1990-2000 -an, social background is a simple life of leaders and social life in a border area, (2) the values of education contained in the novel 9 Matahari are the values of religious, moral, social, cultural education. (3) the relevance of the novel 9 Matahari as teaching material for Indonesian language learning in Vocational High Schools is in accordance with the criteria of teaching materials, namely a) language angle, b) psychological, (c) student background can be used as literary teaching material in class XI Basic Competence 3.11 analyze messages from one fiction book read and Basic Competence 4.11 compile a review of messages from one fiction book that is read.


The invention provides a method and a device for storing data and relates to the technical field of data storing. The method includes: step 1, receiving a write request for object files, wherein a content with rating quotas includes the object files and the write request includes a data to be written into the object files, step 2, judging whether the size of the data to be written into the object files satisfy the size of free space of a rating quota object set and step 3, writing the data to be written into the object files into objects of the object files and managing the rating quotas of the content by the rating quota set when the size of the data to be written into the object files is not more than the size of free space of the rating quota object set. The embodiment of the invention provides the method and the device which apply to a storage system of large storage space, a variety of types of operation business and the need of flexible rating quota control management mode.


Water-enhanced solvation (WES) was explored for Lewis acid solutes in Lewis base organic solvents, to develop cheap extract regeneration processes. WES for solid solutes was determined from ratios of solubilities of solutes in water-sat. and low-water solvent; both were determined from solid-liquid equilibrium. Vapor-headspace analysis was used to determine solute activity coefficients as function of organic phase water concentration. WES magnitudes of volatile solutes were normalized, set equal to slope of log {gamma}{sub s} vs x{sub w}/x{sub s} curve. From graph shape {Delta}(log {gamma}{sub s}) represents relative change in solute activity coefficient. Solutes investigated by vapor-headspace analysis were acetic acid, propionic acid, ethanol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 2,3-butylene glycol. Monocarboxylic acids had largest decrease in activity coefficient with water addition followed by glycols and alcohols. Propionic acid in cyclohexanone showed greatest water-enhancement {Delta} (log {gamma}{sub acid})/{Delta}(x{sub w}/x{sub acid}) = {minus}0.25. In methylcyclohexanone, the decrease of the activity coefficient of propionic acid was {minus}0.19. Activity coefficient of propionic acid in methylcyclohexanone stopped decreasing once the water reached a 2:1 water to acid mole ratio, implying a stoichiometric relation between water, ketone, and acid. Except for 2,3-butanediol, activity coefficients of the solutes studied decreased monotonically with water content. Activity coefficient curves of ethanol, 1,2-propanediolmore » and 2,3-butanediol did not level off at large water/solute mole ratio. Solutes investigated by solid-liquid equilibrium were citric acid, gallic acid, phenol, xylenols, 2-naphthol. Saturation concentration of citric acid in anhydrous butyl acetate increased from 0.0009 to 0.087 mol/L after 1.3 % (g/g) water co-dissolved into organic phase. Effect of water-enhanced solvation for citric acid is very large but very small for phenol and its derivatives.« less


It has been confirmed that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may be the origin of a wide variety of tumor metastasis, which plays an important role in tumor metastasis, recurrence and treatment-resistant. Through the enrichment detection and analysis of biological characteristics of CTCs, useful information can be provided for the early diagnosis of tumor, assessment of metastasis risk and prognosis, as well as individualized anti-tumor treatment project. In this paper, the research progress on detection of CTCs and its clinical application were reviewed in recent years.

Key words:
Circulating tumor cells; Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; Cell search system


Welcome to the 24th annual workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation (PADS), 2010, and to the beautiful campus of Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta Georgia. The last time PADS was held in Atlanta was way back in 1999 when the FCRC conference was here. Clearly, much has changed in the years since then, both in simulation methodologies and in computing in general. We expect continued advances in multi-core and many-core architectures, and envision application of these new to bigger, faster, and better simulation methods.


Based on survey on higher Vocational graduates in recent two years, this paper explores theory of "Employment Canal" as well as issues on active and sustainable development of Higher Vocational Education. It summarizes present situation, with retrospect to history and prediction of future.In this paper, the idea of Career Self-consciousness combining with Employment Canal, together with strategic orientation of higher vocational education, is for the first time proposed. It emphasized that Employment Canal is more than just a SLOGAN or policy. Rather it is our commission to fulfill "Career Self-consciousness", and it is our Strategic Choice that ensures originality and maturity of China's higher vocational education.


Several questions are posed concerning the optimal time for use of the morning- after pill. In general the rule of thumb is that the pill should be used no earlier than 12 hours before unprotected intercourse, not more than 72 hours afterwards (ideally between 12 and 48 hours after intercourse). Another question concerns the issue of whether the instructions for the 2x2 and the 5x5 methods could be identical. With regard to the situation of forgetting to take the pill, the timeliness or lateness of taking a morning-after pill is explored in relationship to the time of coitus. The last question examines whether the effectiveness of the 5x5 method is identical when it is taken in a regimen of 1 mg 5 times per day to when it is taken in a regimen of 5 mg once a day. The 2x2 method is popular, but increasingly information is also available exclusively about the 5x5 method. The crucial question before buying a suboptimal postcoital contraceptive is whether a dominant follicle could possibly develop. A pause in pill use of 7 days hardly gives the follicle the chance to grow into a dominant follicle. Therefore, the use of pills in principle is a reliable method of contraception. The most available method for the prevention of implantation of the blastocyst is the application of an IUD. According to the literature on the subject, the morning-after IUD is particularly reliable up to 5 days after ovulation. Very high-dose ethinyl estradiol (1 mg 5 times per day for 5 days) is another method; it has a 95% effectiveness rate if taken within 36 hours (and, at the latest, 48 hours) after coitus.


OBJECTIVE—Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by a local inflammatory reaction in and around islets followed by selective destruction of insulin-secreting β-cells. We tested the hypothesis that chemokines affect different mechanisms responsible for the development of diabetes in NOD mice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We examined chemokine expression in islets of NOD mice and tested their functional relevance to development of diabetes using transgenic mice expressing the mouse herpesvirus 68–encoded chemokine decoy receptor M3 (NOD-M3 mice) in insulin-secreting β-cells. RESULTS—Multiple chemokines were expressed in pancreatic islets of NOD mice before development of diabetes. Islet-specific expression of the pan-chemokine inhibitor M3 dramatically reduced leukocyte infiltration and islet destruction and completely blocked development of diabetes in NOD-M3 mice. M3 blocked diabetes by inhibiting the priming of diabetogenic cells in the pancreatic lymph nodes and their recruitment into the islets. This effect was specific to the pancreatic islets because M3 expression did not affect other ongoing autoimmune processes. CONCLUSIONS—These results demonstrate that chemokines mediate afferent and efferent immunity in type 1 diabetes and suggest that broad chemokine blockade may represent a viable strategy to prevent insulitis and islet destruction.


Consumer 3D scanners and depth cameras are increasingly being used to generate content and avatars for Virtual Reality (VR) environments and avoid the inconveniences of hand modeling; however, it is sometimes difficult to evaluate quantitatively the mesh quality at which consumer available 3D scans should be exported, and whether the object perception might be affected by its shading. We propose using a paired-comparisons test based on psychophysics of perception to do that evaluation. As psychophysics is not subject to opinion, skill level, mental state, or economic situation it can be considered a quantitative way to measure how people perceive the mesh quality. In particular, we compare four different levels of mesh quality (1K, 5K, 10K and 20K triangles). We present two studies within subjects: in one we investigate the influences of seeing an object in a regular screen vs. in a Head Mounted Display (HMD); while in the second experiment we aim at detecting the effects of shading into quality perception. At each iteration of the pair-test comparisons participants pick the mesh that they think had higher quality; by the end of the experiment we compile a preference matrix. The results show a correlation between real and assessed quality, despite participants' reported uncertainty. We also find an interaction with quality and shading, which gains importance for quality perception when the mesh has high definition. Furthermore, we assess the subjective realism of the most/least preferred scans using an Immersive Augmented Reality (IAR) video-see-through setup to compare the real vs the 3D scanned object in the same HMD environment. Results show higher levels of realism were perceived through the HMD than when using a regular monitor, although the quality was similarly perceived in both systems.


Two proprietary, oral, bowel preparation products have been compared for double contrast barium enema examinations. The study was a double blind design involving 109 patients. Evaluation was by radiological review and supported by questionnaires completed by both the patients and the six participating Radiologists. The products compared were Raykit, which was taken to be typical of a whole range of similar systems (based upon low residue diet, saline cathartic and bisacodyl tablets and suppository) and the newly developed Mede-Prep (based upon low residue/high fluid diet and oral mannitol). Both products were found to be equally effective at bowel cleansing, while administration of Mede-Prep was associated with significantly fewer adverse patient side-effects, notably less thirst (better patient hydration) and less probability of interrupted sleep on the night prior to the examination.


Spanish company Talgo's innovative new Trav-Ca electric locomotive, which is about to begin the certification process, is claimed to be the world's first high-speed electric locomotive that it gauge-changeable. Trav-Ca should fill a need in train networks serving areas with differing power supply systems and track gauges. Another feature is its low weight. A box discusses Talgo's success in winning locomotive-hauled tilting passenger train and high-speed trainset contracts both in Spain and abroad.


The invention relates to a method and device for managing a contact account, and belongs to the technical field of mobile terminals. The method comprises the following steps of transmitting a belonger query request to a server, wherein the belonger query request carries a communication identifier corresponding to a target contact account of a current communication account of the terminal; receiving a first feedback message transmitted by the server, wherein the first feedback message carries a belonger name of the target contact account; according to the belonger name of the target contact account carried in the first feedback message and a belonger name of the target contact account pre-stored in the terminal, determining a first contact account with a changed belonger name in the target contact account, and marking that the belonger of the first contact account is changed. By adopting the method and device for managing the contact account provided by the invention, the communication errors can be prevented.


Native levan and dextran B1355 induce equivalent IgM responses, specific for β(2→6) fructosyl or α(1→3) and α(1→6) glucosyl epitopes, respectively, in congenitally athymic and euthymic BALB/c mice. These can be suppressed to a varying extent by both alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide (CY), melphalan, chlorambucil) and other immunosuppressive drugs (6‐mercaptopurine, azathioprine, A‐methopterin). In contrast, the promotion of B cell tolerance to these thymus‐independent antigens, as measured by a reduction in the minimum tolerogenic dose, was found only during suppression with CY (or related compound Asta 5122) and with none of the other drugs.


The article, based on the writings collected in the issue, proposes a constitutionally oriented perspective of artificial intelligence (AI). Dealing with the main potentials and threats of AI, it suggests some constitutional principles as the basis for an effective regulation of the phenomenon, calling for a precise and direct human responsibility.


Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the most important industrial cash crops, contributing to the world sugar industry and biofuel production. It has been cultivated and improved from prehistoric times through natural selection and conventional breeding and, more recently, using the modern tools of genetic engineering and biotechnology. However, the heterogenicity, complex poly-aneuploid genome and susceptibility of sugarcane to different biotic and abiotic stresses represent impediments that require us to pay greater attention to the improvement of the sugarcane crop. Compared to traditional breeding, recent advances in breeding technologies (molecular marker-assisted breeding, sugarcane transformation, genome-editing and multiple omics technologies) can potentially improve sugarcane, especially against environmental stressors. This article will focus on efficient modern breeding technologies, which provide crucial clues for the engineering of sugarcane cultivars resistant to environmental stresses.


Violent traumas in a skeletal sample associated to the Late Intermediate period of the San Pedro de Atacama culture which was found in the pre-Colombian ceme...


The current interest in relationship marketing is undisputed. Although many profess the recent emergence of this phenomenon, others are more reticent and suggest that the tenets of relationship marketing can be found in earlier examples of business-to-consumer relationships. This article argues that relationship marketing as it relates to consumer markets is not a new phenomenon. Given the apparent paucity of studies that demonstrate the historical existence of relationship marketing, this study aims to rectify this using John Wanamaker's business philosophy and practice as a case study to highlight his subscription to the tenets of relationship marketing.


An integrative field analytical system was developed for the determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II). The system was based on the hyphenation of a preconcentration process with a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Preconcentration was accomplished with a composite consisting of TiO2 and a cellulose film (TCP) which was prepared by immobilizing TiO2 on cellulose filter paper. TCP is shown to be an adsorbent with high adsorption capacity, i.e., more than 254 μg per piece and 259 μg for Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively. Under the optimum adsorption conditions, the best adsorption ratios of Pb(II) and Cd(II) were more than 95.5% and 94.4%, respectively. The preconcentration of Pb(II) and Cd(II) was not adversely affected by other metals ions and humic acid. Pb(II) and Cd(II) were then directly quantified by XRF. The calibration plots for both Pb(II) and Cd(II) were linear in the range from 1.0 to 50.0 μg L−1. The detection limits (3σ; for n = 11) for Pb(II) and Cd(II) were 0.69 and 0.51 μg L−1, respectively, and the levels of quantification were 2.30 and 1.71 μg L−1, respectively. The preconcentration factor was 103. Concentrations of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in drinking water and river waters were determined and found to be in agreement with ICP-MS assays.


We consider a multidomain superconductor/ferromagnet (SF) structure with an in-plane magnetization, assuming that the neighboring domains are separated by the Neel domain walls. We show that an odd triplet long-range component arises in the domain walls and spreads into domains over a long distance of the order \xi_T = \sqrt{D/2\pi T} (in the dirty limit). The density of states variation in the domains due to this component changes over distances of the order \xi_T and turns to zero in the middle of domains if the magnetization rotates in the same direction in all domain walls.


Elevated concentrations of the trace element selenium (Se) have resulted in the degradation of several aquatic ecosystems. This study evaluated the comparative toxicity of several aqueous chemical species of selenium to an aquatic cladoceran, Daphnia magna. Responses to mixtures of these selenium forms, varying the sulfate concentration, were also examined. Initial experiments compared the toxicity of aqueous forms of selenate, selenite, seleno-DL-methionine, and seleno-DL-cystine to neonate Daphnia magna, resulting in 4-h LC50 values of 2.84, 0.55, 0.31, and 2.01 mg Se per liter, respectively. Immobilization was an acute sublethal response observed during exposure to the organic selenium forms only. The 48-h IC50 values were 0.045 and 0.52 mg Se per liter for seleno-DL-methionine and seleno-DL-cystine, respectively. Evaluation of the invertebrate response to various combinations of selenate, selenite, and seleno-DL-methionine demonstrated that the toxicities of these forms of selenium are additive. Increasing the concentration of sulfate decreased, varied, and left unaffected the toxicities of selenate, selenite, and seleno-DL-methionine, respectively. These results indicate that both the chemical form of selenium and the sulfate concentration can influence the toxicity of selenium.


A fast, cheap and pollution free microwave assisted method for the synthesis of cephalosporin and its comparison with conventional method in terms of yield and reaction time were described.


We have recently demonstrated how holographic optical tweezers can be used to build and dynamically manipulate extended 3-D structures. Although successful trapping can be maintained even when a large number of traps are simultaneously manipulated, in general a gradual degradation of trap quality is observed as the number of traps increased. This degradation is partly attributed to the increased 3-D size of the structures. To build and control such large structures the high numerical aperture focusing objective lens has to operate away from its design conjugate for most of the traps, and therefore aberrations will be significant even for high quality objective lenses. A second effect is the decreasing efficiency of the liquid crystal spatial light modulators as they are required to display holograms that contain high spatial frequencies. However these factors do not appear to account fully for the observed weakening of the traps, and it is likely that a reduction of contrast in the trapping optical field also plays an important role. We examine the effects individual optical traps have on each other when they are in close proximity. Techniques that may be used to mitigate the reduced contrast will also be discussed.


Oscar Nunez del Prado, with the collaboration of William F. Whyte. Kuyo Chico: Applied Anthropology in an Indian Community. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973. xxv + 162 pp. Illustrations, maps, tables, appendix, and index. $9.50.


The results from the COBEsatellite are in close quantitative agreement with the predictions of the standard hot Big Bang model, suggesting that the Universe was once hot, dense and isothermal, giving a background radiation spectrum that is close to a perfect blackbody. The need to preserve this blackbody spectrum to match the spectrum observed by the FIRAS instrument on COBE places strong limits on events and scenarios occurring later than 1 year after the Big Bang. The observation of intrinsic anisotropy of the microwave background by the DMR instrument on COBE provides a measurement of the magnitude of the gravitational potential fluctuations that existed 105.5 years after the Big Bang. These potential perturbations were either produced in an inflationary epoch sometime during the first picosecond after the Big Bang, or else they are initial conditions dating from t = 0. The angular power spectrum of the correlations is compatible with the inflationary scenario. The observed amplitude of ∆T can be used to restrict theories of the fundamental structure of matter on micro-physical scales and at energies higher than that of the most energetic cosmic rays. The gravitational forces implied by the observed potential can produce the observed clustering of galaxies, but only if the density of the Universe is dominated by some form of transparent "dark" matter, which interacts weakly with photons. While the FIRAS and DMR instruments have 7 beams, the third instrument on COBE, DIRBE, has collected data with an 0.7 beam that will be used to improve our knowledge of the cosmic infrared background, but only after the strong foreground emissions from the interplanetary dust cloud and galactic dust are modeled and removed.


Charge-pumping boost driver (CPBD) with electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) was proposed by the author. CPBD has advantages over conventional drivers. However, CPBD comprises a charge circuit, including an inductor to charge the EDLCs, which increases size and cost of CPBD. This problem led to the proposal of noncharge-circuit charge-pumping boost driver (NCPBD) with EDLCs. NCPBD can be realized in a smaller and more reasonable configuration than CPBD because NCPBD does not comprise the charge circuit. In this paper, an EDLCs charge method, exciting-axis voltage vibration method (EVVM), is proposed for NCPBD. EVVM enables NCPBD eliminating the charge circuit to charge the EDLCs. Additionally, EVVM can work even in a motor standstill and in a constant speed drive. The charge performance by EVVM is experimentally confirmed to be sufficiently well. Additionally, the drive performance during the charge operation is proved not to degrade. From the experimental results, the charge characteristics of EVVM are reported. Then, these charge characteristics introduce a charge strategy. Finally, the charge experiment adopting the strategy confirms that EVVM enables NCPBD to drive the motor without decreasing the EDLCs voltage in an acceleration and deceleration drive.


The utility model relates to a hands-free external member (10) used for a mobile phone (12), which can avoid the joints of any form between the mobile phone which can be used as electromagnetic-field transmission sources and the user' head via arranging a metal lead (13). The utility model of the hands-free external member (10) is formed by at least a section of acoustic conduit or optical fiber, which can transmit acoustic signals to the same user' ears from the loudspeaker (15) which is arranged at the position with safe distances to the user' head and other soft portions, and the utility model has completely acceptable tone quality and volume during transmission.


The main purpose of this paper is to show the validity of exact linearization via dynamic state feedback from experimental points of view, compared with the conventional first-order linearization technique. So we consider hovering control of a simple twin-rotor helicopter model to show that the dynamic feedback linearization technique makes the system stable at larger region than the conventional one. In addition, we show several experimental results of disired trajectory tracking control via dynamic feedback linearization.


't is an astonishing fact that in the BMJ of January 17th, 1987, the BMA Co uncil was reported as endorsing The Third BMA Statement on AIDS, agreeing that 'AIDS and ^'V infection should not be made notifiable diseases'. All doctors to whom I have reported this have reacted in the sarrie way?with incredulity. I checked the facts. There is n? mistake. What has happened? Most doctors believe that it is tantamount to sending the armed forces and intelligence services home at the outbreak of war. Faced with the


Peniel Church is one of the examples of buildings that have been acculturated by the Balinese culture. Acculturation is a social process that arises when a group of people with a particular culture are exposed to the elements of a foreign culture so foreign element else it is gradually accepted and processed into the culture itself without causing the loss of cultural identity. Peniel Church Blimbingsari so this is one that deserves to be studied object uniqueness, whether the influences that occur after the prior acculturation acculturation, and what are the underlying philosophy-filosfi acculturation on the Blimbingsari Peniel Church. By using interpretivism, it will show the acculturation of spatial, sanctity, and cultural influences occur at Peniel Church Blimbingsari-Bali. Of the analysis will be able to prove that the Peniel Church Blimbingsari is a product design that has been acculturated between Balinese culture and Western culture.


We found that tissue cultures of higher plants were able, similarly as microorganisms, to transform low-molecular-weight chemical compounds. In tissue cultures of orchids ( Cymbidium 'Saint Pierre' and Dendrobium phalaenopsis ) acetates of phenols and aromatic-aliphatic alcohols were hydrolyzed, whereas methyl esters of aromatic and aromatic-aliphatic acids did not undergo this reaction. Acetates of racemic aromatic-aliphatic alcohols were hydrolyzed with distinct enantiospecificity.


Title of Thesis: Digital FM-Demodulation Using Digital Signal Processing Techniques Peter Wagner, Master of Science in Electrical Engineering, 1985 Thesis directed by: Prof. Dr. Jacob Klapper


In recent years an emphasis has been placed on reducing food borne pathogens on the farm. Of particular interest to the poultry industry is Salmonella enterica. In the United States, a common practice in broiler management is the reuse of litter for consecutive flocks; this practice can lead to a Salmonella positive flock causing the colonization of sequential flocks. Reuse of litter can also lead to high levels of ammonia volatilization which can impact broiler health and performance. In this paper, two experiments are presented using chemical litter amendments to reduce both ammonia and Salmonella. In the first experiment, liquid sulfuric acid was applied to litter at one of three application rates; 9.07, 18.14 and 27.21 L/92.9 m . In experiment two, commercially available aluminum sulfate was applied to litter at three different 2 application rates; 22.7, 45.5 and 68.0 kg/92.9 m . In addition, a cocktail of five poultry associated S. enterica 2 serovars was applied to the litter. Salmonella, ammonia, moisture and pH levels were measured immediately before treatments and every 24 hours up to 96 hours. For treated litter, a reduction was seen in ammonia levels 24 hours after application regardless of application rate, the reduction continued for the duration of the experiment (P<0.001). No Salmonella was detected in litter treated with sulfuric acid. Salmonella was recovered in litter treated with aluminum sulfate. The data presented here indicates that sulfuric acid and aluminum sulfate are suitable candidates for reducing ammonia emissions and sulfuric acid as a candidate for Salmonella reduction.


La Clinica de la Raza is a community health center in the San Francisco Bay Area of California that serves a predominantly low-income, monolingual Spanish-speaking population. We have nine primary care clinics in three separate counties (Alameda, Contra Costa, and Solano), as well as multiple ancillary service sites and five school-based health centers. Approximately 46% of our patients have no health insurance, 48% have publicly funded insurance, and 6% have private insurance. Among the challenges of our patient population are a very low health literacy level and a high rate of chronic disease, especially diabetes. Our patients' high burden of illness has long made diabetes quality improvement (QI) work a priority at La Clinica. Our diabetes program has evolved in several distinct phases, and continues to be a dynamic work in progress.

In 1999, La Clinica became one of the first community health centers nationally to join the Bureau of Primary Health Care's Health Disparities Collaborative (HDC). Before 1999, an interdisciplinary team had been meeting at La Clinica on a regular basis to try to improve outcomes in patients with diabetes, culminating in adopting Staged Diabetes Self-Management, a program of the International Diabetes Center in Minneapolis, Minn. The HDC introduced us to several key concepts and models from the QI world. These included the chronic care model, PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act) cycles, and the importance of an interdisciplinary team with a "provider champion," senior leadership, and management support. These concepts continue to provide a framework for …


Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEA) possesses a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in aqueous media. The solution properties of PDEA at various temperatures have been characterized with techniques such as rheology and dynamic light scattering. There is a decrease in the coil size before the phase transition due to a coil-to-globule transition. At the LCST, rheological and dynamic light scattering studies have also confirmed an aggregation phenomenon. This aggregation modifies the rheological properties of the polymer solutions. High frequencies hinder the phase-transition process and reduce the LCST of the polymers.


We present a model for representing stationary multivariate time-series input processes with marginal distributions from the Johnson translation system and an autocorrelation structure specified through some finite lag. We then describe how to generate data accurately to drive computer simulations. The central idea is to transform a Gaussian vector autoregressive process into the desired multivariate time-series input process that we presume as having a VARTA (Vector-Autoregressive-To-Anything) distribution. We manipulate the autocorrelation structure of the Gaussian vector autoregressive process so that we achieve the desired autocorrelation structure for the simulation input process. We call this the correlation-matching problem and solve it by an algorithm that incorporates a numerical-search procedure and a numerical-integration technique. An illustrative example is included.


Abstract In this paper, firstly, the fatigue damage of transmission towers is analyzed from the fatigue load and fatigue damage, and the S-N curve of transmission towers is used to obtain the fatigue damage accumulation. Secondly, the finite element model of the transmission tower is constructed by using the finite element software ANSYS, and the way of its load calculation, as well as the remaining life estimation, is given. Finally, an example analysis was carried out using a transmission tower in the GZ area, and its fatigue life was calculated for it. The results show that when the average wind speed is 15m/s, the maximum wind load time at 40m height is 128N, and the minimum wind load time is −131N. The minimum value of the remaining life of the transmission tower in the GZ area is 64.532, which shows that the fatigue life of the transmission tower can be predicted by using nonlinear finite element analysis.


It seemed to be an impossible task thirty years ago to shine a laser beam on uncompressed solid DT and to ignite a fusion flame since the necessary energy flux densities are in the range of more than 100MJ/cm 2 or corresponding deuterium ion current densities above 10 10 Amp/cm 2 which conditions were completely out of range. Since PW-ps laser pulses are available now, the situation has changed, however, by inclusion of a very sophisticated method for suppressing prepulses such that relativistic self-focusing is avoided and a purely plane or similar geometry interaction as a skin layer process appears. Out of the wide stream of research, only very special experiments with clear laser pulses confirmed this kind of interaction in theoretical and numerical agreement. This leads to the space-charge neutral plasma blocks or pistons generated by the nonlinear (ponderomotive) acceleration for producing the necessary ion current densities for the optimized ion energies of 80 keV to irradiate solid state DT. While numerous further properties have to be evaluated, the aim seems to be attractive for the very low cost fusion energy production by laser irradiation.


Summary.— The ultrastructure of dyskeratotic cells in Bowen's disease has been studied. It has been found that, in the suprabasal layers in some keratino‐cytes, all tonofilament‐desmosome complexes (TFDC), as well as many cytoplasmic organelles, are altered. The earliest stage of TFDG alteration con‐sisted in the separation and retraction of tonofilaments from the desmosomes. The consequence of this was the disappearance of the desmosomes and acantholytic separation of the involved keratinocyte. Our findings indicate that this was followed by the disintegration of the involved keratinocyte apart from the tonofilaments. These were released into the intercellular space and finally into the corium through breaks In the basal lamina. The Langerhans and some other dendritic epidermal cells are likely to play a role in the latter process.


A digital data reproducing apparatus and method are provided, which are capable of reproducing both digital audio data from the main body of the apparatus and digital data from an external interface, using a simple construction. A main body of the apparatus processes first digital data, an interface receives, from an external device independent of the main body, second digital data having a sampling rate asynchronous with and different from a sampling rate of the first digital data, the first and second digital data being reproduced by the main body. The first digital data are oversampled at a frequency n times the sampling rate of the first digital data. The first digital data oversampled by the filter device and the second digital data input via the interface are added together, and the resulting data are converted into an analog signal.


The combination of Malicious and Software have contribute a phrase call as Malware. Malware are software that is intended to damage or disable computers and computer systems. Malware is software used to disrupt computer operation, gather sensitive information, or gain access to private computer systems. In addition malware will
interrupt user on activities by using computer. The processes of classification show that malware need to classify detected objects with antivirus program. The antivirus industry used simple classification methods, comprising a unique name and the size of the detected
file. However, a single antivirus could end up being called different names by different antivirus solutions, which can lead confusion. Now days, malicious programs are rapidly increases as well as the advent of new platforms of antivirus. The specific problem that malware has create, now a days there are various type of malware that become difficulty to antivirus to confirm or differentiate what type of malware attack the computer based on their characteristics. There are consists many different type or different characteristics of malware have been created. The goal of this project is to classify malware based on target class. To achieve this goal three objectives need to finish up which are to investigate system directory in window based on platform, to design malware classification system based on identified targeted class and to develop system for classifying malware based on target location. In this paper, problem had been identified and reviewed the existing malware detection. From analysis, other way had been proposed for malware classification based on target location. Output from this framework can be used by system administrator to plan and implement prevention mechanism in order to minimize future malware threat.


The invention relates to generating multiple shots in storyboarding. Storyboard processing in a movie during production, including: creating a proxy shot for an imported shot; displaying the proxy shot; receiving a completion signal for the imported shot; reloading related metadata for the imported shot; and displaying the newly imported shot. Keywords include proxy shot and imported shot.


This book is well-written and logically organized. The prose is clear and direct. Sentences are crisp and the paragraphs communicate effectively. The text is free of jargon and gratuitous academic baggage. The author is balanced and thoughtful in his analysis and measured in his commentary. The manuscript is enhanced by the inclusion of excellent historical and contemporary photographs, as well as several maps and diagrams. Scholars of Latin American development and urbanization will find this book to be insightful and thought-provoking as well as a useful scholarly resource.


Drug resistance threatens many critical therapeutics through mutations in the drug target. The molecular mechanisms by which combinations of mutations, especially involving those distal from the active site, alter drug binding to confer resistance are poorly understood and thus difficult to counteract. A machine learning strategy was developed that couples parallel molecular dynamics simulations and experimental potency to identify specific conserved mechanisms underlying resistance. A series of 28 HIV-1 protease variants with 0-24 substitutions each were used as a rigorous model of this strategy. Many of the mutations were distal from the active site and the potency of variants to a drug (darunavir) varied from low pM to near µM. With features extracted from the simulations, elastic network machine learning was applied to correlate physical interactions with loss of potency and succeeded to within 1 kcal/mol of experimental affinity for both the training and test sets, outperforming MM/GBSA calculations. Feature reduction resulted in a model with 4 specific features that describe interactions critical for potency for all 28 variants. These predictive features, that specifically vary with potency, occur throughout the enzyme and would not have been identified without dynamics and machine learning. This strategy thus captures the conserved dynamic mechanisms by which complex combinations of mutations confer resistance and identifies critical features that serve as bellwethers of loss of inhibitor potency. Machine learning models leveraging molecular dynamics can thus elucidate mechanisms of drug resistance that confer loss of affinity and will serve as predictive tools in future drug design.


The paper deals with the results of an analysis conducted to reveal the influence of social networks on modern adolescents. A questionnaire survey of Moscow schoolchildren aged 15–18 years (N = 312) was used as the leading research method. It has been found that 59.2 % of adolescents prefer to spend their leisure time on social networks. Almost half of the respondents (42.7 %) can be classified as «extreme Internet users». Most schoolchildren are fully aware of the «abnormality» of this situation: more than half of them note that they spend more time on the Internet than they plan. At the same time, 57.2 % of adolescents sometimes prefer social networks to communication with their loved ones; 12.2 % do it frequently. For more than 65% of the respondents, the considerable amount of time they spent on social networks provokes serious conflicts in the family. For 57.2 % of the respondents, the virtual world seems to be a source of «good mood». Every second teenager notes «pressure» and «negativity» from parents with regard to their frequent use of social networks; every fifth has become more secretive in this matter, trying to prevent their family from noticing them visiting social networks. The research leads to the following conclusions: the amount of time spent by the majority of adolescents on social networks exceeds critical values. The destructive consequences of this situation are chronic lack of sleep, conflicts in the family, replacement of real communication with virtual. The situation is aggravated by the negative influence of social networks on the psyche and life in general, with adolescents being unconscious of that. Recognizing the presence of conflicts in the family, adolescents are not ready to abandon social networks in favor of real communication. Moreover, for many respondents, virtual communication becomes an integral trigger of good psychological well-being.


Recently,interest in the preparetion of bulk ultrafine-grained materials has grown significantly in material field.As a new kind of severe plastic deformation methods for preparing bulk ultrafine-grained materials,twist extrusion plays an important role in fining the microstructure of material,improving mechanical properties and formability of material.In this review,attention is concentrated on the basic principles and deformation characteristics of TE,the present status and advances made in research at home and abroad.Finally,both problems urgent to be solved and application of TE in the future are mentioned.


David Hilfiker wrote Healing the Wounds in 1982; it is based on his experience of working in rural medicine in the 1970s in Grand Marais, a small town in Minnesota, USA, whose population in the summer months is supplemented by an influx of tourists. The book largely consists of a collection of anecdotal descriptions of semi fictionalised cases of patients he treated.

From the description so far, and a familiarity with the sort of autobiographical books doctors tend to write, one could expect a …


Two Texas companies are considering plans to build major chemical plants in Mexico. One will produce the gasoline additive methyl tert -butyl ether (MTBE) and another may make the biodegradable surfactant precursor linear alkylbenzene (LAB). Along with three partners, San Antonio-based Valero Energy plans to build a 13,000 barrel-per-day plant in Mexico to make MTBE, an oxygen-rich additive used increasingly in the U.S. to reduce air pollution. Valero expects the MTBE plant, which will cost about $300 million or more, will be operating no later than the second half of 1995. A site for the plant has not yet been selected. Separately, Houston-based Vista Chemical is "holding serious discussions" with a prospective Mexican partner, Grupo Cydsa, to build a plant in Mexico to make 300 million lb per year of LAB, which is widely used in detergents in the U.S. Cost of the plant may approach $300 million. In Mexico, the long-awaited switch from branched ...


ABSTRACT In recent years, clinical and developmental psychologists have been practicing in health care settings, including public health programs and hospitals. Psychologists have struggled to develop an identity in the health care setting and a medical-psychological theory for practicing as a consultant with medical patients. Because consultation/liaison practice requires practitioners to leave their offices and come into hospital wards and because of uncertain payment for this kind of practice, the participation, and status of psychiatrists in this role is uncertain. In addition to preventing and treating psychological symptoms, the liaison psychologist or psychiatrist provides continuing education programs to help medical and nursing personnel handle patients' psychological needs. Psychiatrists and hospital administrators have developed a delivery system staffed by social service employees at a less expensive rate than paid to psychiatrists. Recent legislation in several areas allows hospital privileges for psyr-hologists, who enter the hospital as autonomous and competent agents, rather than being employees under the supervision of psychiatrists or other physicians. A training model for psychologists that embraces the autonomous practitioner in the health care setting is needed. (SW)


Questions of system of forecasting of a residual resource of isolation of power cable lines are considered. The special attention is paid to the analysis of nondestructive test methods of isolation and definition of a residual resource of cable products under operating conditions. It is shown that methods of diagnostics applied earlier are unreliable since exact ratios between results of tests and the main processes in electric isolation of cables are unknown. The purpose of this work is to improve the diagnostic methods of its isolation irreducible its lifetime.