Co‐pyrolysis of municipal solid waste with cassava stalk or corn stalk was investigated in this work. Profiles of the product yields versus different agricultural stalk adding ratios during pyrolysis at 600°C reveal that the char yields reduced, and the liquid and gas yields increased at start‐up stage but afterwards decreased with adding ratios of agricultural stalk increasing. The differences between experimental and theoretical yields of char ranged from 18.26 to 10.35% as cassava stalk ratios from 10 to 50%, and from 8.13 to 11.09% as corn stalk ratios from 10 to 50%. The statistical analysis of theoretical and experimental data implied the synergistic effect between municipal solid waste and agricultural stalk during co‐pyrolysis process. The energy balance showed that pyrolysis of municipal solid waste alone could not produce enough pyrolysis liquid to compensate the energy consumption of pyrolysis system, and the co‐pyrolysis system could dispose of municipal solid waste without extra energy input. The calculated results also showed that the feed stock comprised of 49.21% of cassava stalk or 40.12% of corn stalk could guarantee the energy balance of the co‐pyrolysis system. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 547–552, 2016


Today, rapid business and technology innovations are producing an array of advanced commercial satellite communications (COMSATCOM) systems that can deliver massive amounts of SATCOM capacity at a fraction of current cost and offer communications diversity that is critical for achieving resilience in a military contested environment. Recognizing the alignment of commercial capabilities with the Department of Defense (DoD) requirements for high capacity, global coverage, lower cost, and resilience, the department is proactively engaging the industry to formulate strategies leading towards a DoD Wideband SATCOM Enterprise that efficiently acquires and effectively manages advanced commercial capabilities in its architecture. To fully leverage the expanded space resources, the DoD must also address the integration of commercial waveforms into the DoD tactical terminals. The terminal flexibility for operating across multiple operator networks, in multiple frequency bands, and support different waveforms/modems is not only a pre-requisite for accessing advanced services but also key in providing resilience against threats. The purpose of this paper is to provide an architectural overview of the flexible terminal and Flexible Modem Interface (FMI) concepts. The FMI enables managed terminal flexibility and should be considered as an important step in converging DoD tactical terminal segment capabilities for various types of satellite networks and managed services.


Abstract This article was written in response to the April 2009 publication of the Australian National Audit Office (ANAO) audit of the management of the Australian Government Action Plan to Eradicate Trafficking in Persons. It considers both the material presented to the audit office from a range of government agencies and the findings and recommendations arising from the audit. The article seeks to identify significant concerns regarding the operation of the existing policy response. It also identifies key implications of an audit report — a managerialist tool — being the most comprehensive official assessment of the policy response to date. While two other national reports were produced on the Australian response to human trafficking in the months following the tabling of the ANAO Report, it is argued that both reports primarily produced important, but limited, trend and implementation data. Drawing on research nationally and internationally in the area of human trafficking, migration and exploitation, this article argues that assessment of the effectiveness of policy implementation is not naturally or logically connected in any direct way to the eradication of human trafficking. It also argues that the absence of any commitment to evaluating the impact of, and alternatives to, the current response runs the risk of further entrenching the current counter-trafficking framework with limited regard to the broader impacts of this approach.


Objective To approach the early diagnosis andthe nursing of intravenous different dose urokinase on early myocardial reinfartion or infarction extension. Methods The clinical expression and changes of ECG in 36 patients with early myocardial reinfarction or infarction extension were analysed.Effect harmful reaction and 4-week mortality were compared between A and B groups. Results Among 46 patients with AMI, 36 patients suffered from early myocardial reinfarction or infarction extension (7.4%). 31 out of 36 patients had chest pain (86.1%). 2 patients with acute left heart failure were found in 5 patients without chest pain, 2 patients with cardic shock and 1 patient with VT. ST segment on ECG were re-elevated in all 36 patients. 32 cases were found in routine 12 lead ECG, 2 cases in V7-9 and 2 cases in V3R-V5R. CPK-MB was re-elecvated in all 36 patients.Its peak values were advanced. A and B groups with thrombolytic therapy are 19 and 17 cases respectively. The urokinase dose and the recanalization rate for A or B group was not different.All patients of groups were treated with urokinase in 2 hours after onset of the disease. Conclusion Early myocardial reinfarction or infarctionextension is still indication for thrombolytic therapy.Observing seriously the changes of patient's condition and recording timely 18 lead ECG is the key of early diagnosis.Enough dose urokinase thrombolytic theraoy is a vital measure for improving effect and prognosis as soon as the diagnosis is established.


Various researchers have articulated firm level
entrepreneurship as a firm's strategic approach towards entrepreneurship
comprising innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking and held that these
three dimensions covary. Lumpkin and Dess [1] suggested addition of
competitive aggressiveness and autonomy to the existing three dimensions and
argued that these five dimensions vary independently. Prior research indicates
that entrepreneurial orientation (EO) construct is a key ingredient in small
firm's success but few studies have reported an insignificant or negative
relationship. Researchers have highlighted the role of contextual variables
both exogenous and endogenous in influencing EO-Firm Growth relationship.
Building upon past studies, this paper examines EO construct comprising five
independent dimensions with environmental uncertainty and resources as
moderating variables. Results of the models estimated using contingency and
configuration approach indicate that the five dimensions of EO vary
independently and show significant interaction effects especially when both the
moderating variables were configured simultaneously with individual dimensions
of EO construct.


The relationship between a sound field and a multibubble sonoluminescing field has been studied experimentally and analytically to clarify the sonochemical reaction field. The variation of each field in a rectangular glass cell filled with distilled water or a luminol solution was investigated while changing experimental conditions such as driving frequency, applied voltage to the transducer, and thickness of the cell bottom. As for the sonoluminescing field, the intensity of sonoluminescence (SL) was measured and its distribution was observed. As for the sound field, sound energy density was analyzed theoretically and sound pressure distribution was observed optically. Comparing them, it became clear that SL occurred at pressure antinodes of a standing-wave field in the cell. There are upper and lower thresholds of the sound pressure for SL to occur. This explains the amplitude dependence and spatial nonuniformity of SL in a standing-wave field.


A case of atrial septal defect, associated with a hypoplastic right thumb (Holt-Oram syndrome) and polydactyly of the right hand and both feet, is described. Involvement of the lower limbs in this syndrome has been reported only once before in the literature, and polydactyly has not been previously described as part of the Holt-Oram syndrome. The variability of expression of extracardiac anomalies associated with congenital heart disease, and the need for careful cardiac evaluation of patients showing such anomalies, are emphasized.


Close and complicated correlations between climate change and historical social events have been found in recent research, and environmental change functions as an important factor for the rise and fall of human civilization. Although it is unlikely for environmental change today to produce the same impacts as those that happened in the past because of social development, historical case studies of climate change impacts and the resulting social responses can provide analogies for better understanding the impacts of current and future climate change. A 9-m long core was obtained from the western suburbs of Kaifeng City,Henan Province. Detailed pollen analysis, along with AMS14 C dating, grain size and historical documents revealed an extreme drought event in the Late Ming Dynasty(AD 1637-1643) in North China. Sediments below the surface of 0-1.8 m interval of the core are the Yellow River warping layer in the mid-20 th century and the recent accumulation layer. In the years AD 1642-1644 and AD 1841, the Yellow River flood sediments deposited below the surface of 4-7.8 m interval and 1.8-4 m interval respectively. There are four pollen zones of 7.8-9 m, 5-7.8 m, 2-5m and 0-2 m. Hence, the pollen of Kaifeng core is composed of local pollen, regional pollen and extra-regional pollen, most of which come from regional pollen. During the periods of1440-1450 the weather became dry and during the periods of 1450-1490, the degree of drought ranked only second to the Late Ming Dynasty in North China. It turns out that the 5-7.8 m interval's palynological assemblage proved the Chongzhen Drought event. The extreme drought event had a devastating effect not only on hydrology and agriculture, but also on society and economy. During the time when the 6.7-7.8 m interval was deposited, the percentage of arboreal pollen dramatically decreased, while Chenopodiaceae pollen increased remarkably, and the percentage of Taraxacum and Asteraceae also increased, drought indicator species such as Nitraria and Ephedra pollen appeared during this period. The percentage of arboreal pollen increased, however, particularly that of Pinus pollen when the 5-6.7 m interval was deposited. Probably because the decrease of vegetation coverage and increase of precipitation variability in the middle reaches of the Yellow River during the drought, which led to more pollen of the top soils into the Yellow River and transport with water. Large arboreal pollen were carried by the flood to the downstream due to suspension ability and deposited in the water slowly or nearly stagnation. In addition, the surface of the Yellow River flooding sedimentary would also accept local pollen, regional pollen and extra-regional pollen,especially Pinus pollen under the influence of the wind. We only have one age data in this study due to the lack of suitable dating materials for accurate radiometric dating, however, this may reduce the accuracy of the study. Moreover, we confirmed the Chongzhen Drought event based on pollen analysis but did not analyze the reasons.


A driving apparatus of an LED(Light Emitting Diode) is provided to minimize the power loss by adjusting a voltage of variable voltage power and minimally maintaining a voltage applied to a constant current circuit applied through an LED load. A driving apparatus of an LED includes a light emitting unit(41), a switching unit(42), a constant current driving unit(43), a voltage measuring unit(44), and a variable voltage power unit(45). The light emitting unit(41) includes more than one LED which emits light according to the current. The switching unit(42) is turned on/off by applied control signals, and controls a luminance of the LED according to an on/off ratio. The constant current driving unit(43) maintains the current flowing at the LED uniformly. The voltage measuring unit(44) measures a voltage applied to the constant current driving unit(43). The variable voltage power unit(45) adjusts an output voltage, and supplies the output voltage to the LED of the light emitting unit(41).


In this paper we present a computational method, based on the so-called adding principle, for calculating the polarized monochromatic radiation in plane-parallel vertically inhomogeneous atmospheres. Our computer code is verified by comparing numerical results with those obtained by other investigators using different methods. We consider not only the well-known case of illumination by a unidirectional beam of light at the top of the atmosphere, but also illumination by isotropically radiating internal sources and illumination by an isotropically radiating ground surface below the atmosphere. Numerical results for all relevant Stokes parameters are tabulated for a two-layer atmosphere containing molecules and haze particles


Objective To study the effects of different doses of chlorpromazine pretreatment on rabbit intestinal function following ischemia/reperfusion injury(IRI) and explore the protective action of chlorpromazine on the intestinal tract.Methods Changes in the contractive tension and rate of the small intestine after chlorpromazine pretreatment were observed by recording the contractive curves in vitro.Results The contractive tension and rate of the small intestine of IRI rabbits decreased obviously compared with those in the control group.After pretreatment with a small or moderate dose of chlorpromazine(1mg/kg·BW,2mg/kg·BW),the contractive tension and rate of the small intestine of IRI rabbits were improved,which were significantly higher than those of IRI rabbits without chlorpromazine pretreatment.However,the remarkably improved action was not found after a large dose of chlorpromazine(4mg/kg·BW) pretreatment.Conclusion IRI-induced abnormal movement of the small intestine can be reversed by a moderate dose of chlorpromazine while a large dose of chlorpromazine does not make much improvement.


A multi-bubble model of universe is presented, in which gravity is the result of the aging of electromagnetic dipoles produced in quantum fluctuations of the action inside a condensate of a particular type of balancing gravitons. In the model, the exchange of gravitons among the dipoles and the potential of vacuum balances the energy of the fluctuation. The effect is to create bubbles of space-time that by growing they expand the local vacuum. The model suggests that the universe originates from overlapping of bubbles of space-time associated with dipoles. Matter is originated during gravitons decay. The use of the Bridge Theory demonstrates how the attractive force field that emerges in each bubble is in the first approximation in accordance with Newtonian gravity at small, medium and large distances in accordance with the theory of General Relativity by also introducing a variable cosmological term that justifies some observed cosmological anomalies. The model overcomes the current concepts of Dark Energy and Dark Mass in favor of a gravity produced by the curvature of space-time of the bubble. The existence of the balancing gravitons provides an estimate of the actual amounts of Dark Energy, Dark Matter and matter measured in the current universe. The estimated theoretical mass of the balancing gravitons is consistent with the Kaluza-Klein gravitons of 2.68 TeV observed in the ATLAS experiment during Run #1. Moreover, the use of the observational data of the rotation speeds of two samples of galaxies allows to verify the good agreement of the real universe with the model, providing a possible explanation of the variability in the measurement of the Hubble constant.


A unique novel extracelluar glutaminase free L-asparaginase obtained from marine Streptomyces radiopugnans MS1 is an important therapeutic enzyme used in the treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma. A full-length gene of L-asparaginase was cloned from Streptomyces radiopugnans MS1 and over expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant L-asparaginase from E.coli was purified by Model 491 Prep Cell which gave 136.8% higher yield with final specific activity of 742.8 IU/mg than the indigenous L-asparaginase from S. radiopugnans MS1. The molecular weight of L-asparaginase was found to be approximately 33.3 kDa by SDS–PAGE analysis. L-asparaginase was tested for its efficacy and cytotoxicity to HepG2 cell line with IC50 0.45 IU/mg and selectivity index (SI) at 10.8 which is about eleven time's higher selectivity over the lymphocyte cells. HepG2 cells were the most sensitive, showing apoptosis with a higher incidence subsequent to L-asparaginase treatment. A multiplexed flow cytometric bead-based assay to analyze the release of cytokines and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to evaluate gene expression were performed. The obtained cytokine pattern showed that, at the increasing rate of two molecules concentrations, two pro-inflammatory cytokines such as VEGF and IL-8 were decreased whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-4 and IL-10 were increased. This is the first report of the cloning and functional expression of a glutaminase free L-asparaginase gene from noval marine Actinomycetes species. This study has endowed confirmation for the mechanism of L-asparaginase anticancer activity against Hepatocellular carcinoma which was compared with the commercial L-asparaginase. Results indicated that L-asparaginase could be utilized as an effective influential substance for cancer treatment.


Approximate analytical predictions have been given by Cuperman and Landau (1974) for the parallel propagating whistler mode instability in an infinite uniform warm anisotropic plasma in the presence of various amounts of cold plasma. Here the analytical results are compared with exact results that we obtained by solving numerically the corresponding linear dispersion equation. The satisfactory agreement found indicates the reliability of the simple closed analytical expressions mentioned above. In particular, the analytical prediction for the optimum cold plasma density for the maximum whistler growth is shown to be in very good agreement with the numerical calculation result.


A novel planar omnidirectional dipole antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications is proposed. The antenna consists of a sleeve dipole antenna for the lower band and a cage dipole antenna for the upper band. Employing a unique planar composite structure, good dual‐band impedance matching can be achieved without an external matching circuit. The lower‐band dipole antenna adopts a sleeve structure, which reduces the size by bending in the middle and thickening at the end as inductance and capacitance loading, respectively. The upper‐band dipole antenna is embedded in the lower‐band dipole antenna, and the impedance bandwidth is broadened by adopting a cage structure and coupling with the lower‐band dipole antenna. The proposed antenna occupies an area of 0.38 λ0 × 0.08 λ0 (λ0 represents the wavelength of the lower frequency) on FR4 substrate of thickness 0.8 mm. The measured results show that the impedance bandwidths with a return loss more than 10 dB are 2.27–2.65 GHz and 4.89–6.02 GHz. The antenna has an omnidirectional radiation pattern, and both E‐plane and H‐plane have lower cross‐polarization levels. The average gain reaches 2.4 and 3.3 dBi in the 2.4‐ and 5‐GHz bands, respectively. The antenna is compact and easy to fabricate, and can be used for small omnidirectional WLAN terminal device.


The patented two-powder process of ANL reproducibly yields more uniform and complete formation of Bi-2223 than does the typical mixed-phase powder process. In the two-powder process, intermediate precursors of lead-doped 2212 and CaCuO{sub 2} (which decomposes to Ca{sub 2}CuO{sub 3} + CuO) are made separately, then combined and reacted inside the silver sheath of powder-in-tube (PIT) specimens. This presentation describes efforts to increase the Jc of Bi-2223 PIT tapes by improving the alignment and connectivity of Bi-2223 grains. It will be shown that milling of precursor powders causes pickup of carbon, which resides at grain boundaries and disrupts grain-to-grain connectivity, but that the carbon-content can be reduced by vacuum calcination of the mixed powder (i.e. 2212 + CaCuO{sub 2}) before it is loaded into the silver tube. In addition, it is shown that slight changes in overall composition dramatically affect the final microstructures and may be important for improving the properties of tapes. Finally, a silver wire-in-tube method is described as a method for possibly improving grain alignment by increasing the interfacial area between silver and superconductor.


By the final years of the seventeenth century, plantation societies based on imported black slave labor were fully implanted in the islands of the British Caribbean. Among the recognized factors playing a role in that development was the widespread availability of slave labor on the islands' markets. In recent years a number of studies have considered the supply elasticity of slave labor. These studies, however, have been directed either toward the African supply response or to the overall development of the slave trade, and have not focused temporally on the formative periods during which slave societies emerged.1-3 Buttressed by the empirical research of the last decade, such a focus is now possible and can provide additional insights into the initial development of these societies. The purpose of this paper is t o pursue this theme, examining the currently available data on slave imports and prices in the seventeenth century British Caribbean, and deriving an approximate elasticity of long-run supply for the region. The paper then concludes with a consideration of the relatively high supply elasticity which emerges from the study, and of the impact of that high elasticity on the development of slave economies.


Climate researchers are picking up a more or less regular 2-year beat to the global climate system - one that seems to be heard from every quarter. The most recently discovered example of this climatic ticking - and perhaps the most intriguing - comes from the very core of El Nino. Researchers have found that some aspects of this cycle of alternating warm and relatively cold waters along the equatorial Pacific have a tendency to repeat every 2 years. The overlying winds pulsate at the same pace, as do the globe-girdling effects of the El Nino cycle, from winter warmth in Alaska to heavy rains in Peru and drought in Australia. The climatic ticking in the tropical Pacific is hardly as reliable as the changing of the seasons. Sometimes it is muted, and occasionally it skips a beat. But some researchers nevertheless see hope of using it in the prediction of El Nino and its global effects. In any case, climate researchers are eager to determine what makes El Nino tick. The answer could be an underlying pacemaker of this crucial atmospheric cycle.


We examine over 7400 analyst recommendations made in the year after going public for IPOs from 1999 to 2000. Initiations of coverage at the end of the quiet period come almost exclusively from affiliated analysts, whereas initiations afterward are predominantly from unaffiliated analysts. Contrary to previous findings, we find no evidence that the market discounts recommendations from affiliated analysts once we control for recommendation characteristics and timing. Moreover, analyst coverage in the first year is not affected by underpricing, and after the flurry of initiations at the end of the quiet period, the number of analysts covering a firm during the following 11 months is unrelated to the number of managing underwriters. (JEL G12, G14, G24) The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: firstname.lastname@example.com, Oxford University Press.


Every night when we take off our socks and shoes,our feet smell(发出气味).The problem begjns when bacteria(细菌)are attracted(吸引)to the sweat on your feet and start eating it.The bacteria's excretion(排泄物)has a strong smell.It causes your feet to smell badly.


Tap is a comprehensive, flexible computer system designed to score and to analyze objective educational tests. The goals of the designers were to construct a program which would be user-oriented, flexible, and clear in structure and in output. TAP includes a wide variety of features.


From a social point of view, this paper uncovers many instances where present laws provide incentives that seem deficient. For the most part, these deficiencies are simply identified and explained. No attempt is made to discuss why the incentives or disincentives were created in the first place. Such discussion would prove very valuable in making policy changes, but it is beyond the scope of the paper. From the standpoint of orthodox canons of public finance, this paper goes through some normative conditions on how various types of public capital spending ought to be financed. Each section asks whether these normative considerations call for any major policy changes at either the federal, state or local level. The last section of the paper presents the main policy suggestions.


The poster introduces the concept of dynamic modules of the computer algebra system (CAS) MuPAD [1]. It is used to integrate user-defined C / C + + code as well as complete software packages into MuPAD and offers an alternative to interprocess communication (IPC) for many applications. The concept is demonstrated by showing the integration of the N A G C [2] library, the polynomial factorizat~on package MAGNUM [3] and the IPC protocols A S A P [4] and MP [6] into MuPAD. The variety of different packages and algorithms which can be utilized simultaneously from within MuPAD increases drastically. I n this sense dynamic modules apply the principle of software integration to the broad field of mathematical applications [9].


Background: Re-emergence of prior stroke-related deficits or post-stroke recrudescence (PSR) has not been adequately studied. Methods: Using preliminary criteria for PSR (transient recurrence or wo...


It is more and more important that how to adapt the package structure design course to requirement the new century and to improve the course quality.This paper presents some teaching reform practice on this course,including the teaching contents,methods,teaching materials and etc.


1%(mass fraction) CuO-BaO doped Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3 ferroelectric ceramic was prepared by a traditional solid phase reaction, the microstructures was characterized and dielectric properties was determined. The effects of various r(Cu∶Ba) on the sinterability and dielectric properties of Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3 ferroelectric ceramic was investigated. The results show that with increasing r(Cu∶Ba), Cu ion start to enter the crystal lattice, density of Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3 first increases then reduces, dielectric relaxation is found at orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transition peak, tC shifted to low temperature, the P-E hysteresis loops exhibit a typical relaxor ferroelectric behavior.


Vatkantak is one type of vat-vyadhi, which is most common form of articular disorder. Today's era, continue standing work like conductor, heavy weight, labour work, travelling and injury etc leads to this disease. All the osteoarthritis diseases in Ayurveda have been described under the heading of 'vatvyadhi' vatkantak can be correlated with the calcaneal spur.  Here in the case study a female patient of age 45 years presenting with clinical features of vatkantaka and was treated with Agnikarma got relief within 15 days.


INTRODUCTION Female fertility and calving ease (CE) are within the most important functional traits in dairy cattle, but few studies have analyzed their relationships. There seems to be a negative effect of dystocia on fertility (Dematawewa and Berger 1997; Dematawewa and Berger 1998). Moreover, Lee et al. (2003) showed a moderate and positive genetic relationship between CE and days open, which would imply that difficult calvings lead to prolong days open interval. Neither of these studies considers the fact that CE and fertility have a complex relationship. Considering CE only as fixed effect affecting fertility would ignore the fact that both traits might be genetically correlated. On the other hand, considering only the genetic correlation would ignore the cause and effect relationships between CE and fertility. A difficult parturition may stress the cow, so that the next reproductive cycle could be delayed. The theory of recursive models, in a quantitative context, is a tool for analyzing this kind of biological systems (Gianola and Sorensen, 2004; Legarra and Robert-Granié (8th WCGALP – submitted)).


The large quantities of rural labor force shift is the request of the construction of well-off society of China.The tendency of the shift of rural labor is changing from physical type to quality type,and vocational education is the key factor to realize rural labor force shift.The important thing for the development of vocational education is to regard improving the regular movement of rural labor as the important way of value orientation,and deepening the reform as well as improving the quality and benefit of running school according the request of carrying out the policies of scientific development and harmonious society.


This article describes an experimental investigation into the map-building and exploration capabilities of a mobile robot. Two types of map are used: a set of line and point features, and a grid-based free-space map. Potential features are ex tracted from sonar range readings and classed as "confirmed" if detected repeatedly. The free-space map is derived from the set of confirmed features. A distance-transform algorithm is then used to plan paths on this map. The confirmed features are used by a Kalman filter to estimate the robot's position relative to known objects. This research places exceptional stress on the need for practical experimentation and quantitative, statistical evaluation of the results. For this to be possible, it is essential to have a clearly defined measure of map quality. A novel metric is defined that predicts the effectiveness of the robot if it were to use the map to execute a set of test tasks. Exploration strategies are tested experimentally in a range of environments and starting positions. The results are eval uated and compared statistically. The tested strategies range from those that are totally reactive, such as wall-following, to those that use the developing map to focus attention on the un examined parts of the environment. The most promising results are observed from hybrid exploration strategies that combine the robustness of reactive navigation and the directive power of map-based strategies.


Towards the end of the 19th century there was a revival of the struggle for democracy throughout the world. The formation of Australia as a federation embodied this commitment, a commitment subsequently abandoned. The impetus for public education in Australia came from its commitment to democracy, inspired by the British Idealists. If the people of a country are to be its governors, these philosophers argued, they must be educated to be governors. Taking this injunction seriously, I will argue that the history of the struggle for democracy should be central to education, taught in such a way that students are able to appreciate what this commitment to democracy means. Taking Australia as a model, I will argue that this implies that the young be educated so that they define themselves in relation to the vision of a democratic society and see themselves as historical actors responsible for the future of their country and the future of humanity.


In the ancient world peace meant the absence of destructive conflicts, just as it does today. But that is a relative definition. Absolute peace is beyond anything we can imagine. It is not even desirable. For civilization and culture owes as much to the conflict of forces as it does to peace. The important thing is that in this conflict 'the balance of power' is maintained. If the balance is upset, chaos gains the upper hand. The ordered world which is essential for successful life would founder in the conflict. Under the modem rule of law, 'the balance of power' is guaranteed by the state's monopoly of force. (p. 29)


Results of quadrennial investigation on history of botanical compound of heteromature plant formations in haying and rotation grazing system. It was revealed, that combined application of plant formations stimulates increase of crop specific weight of high and semi high grasses (by 10.9 12.4%), broad leaved clover (by 12.3 20.2%), as well and facilitates decrease of weed infestation by herbs and inferior wild growing grasses (1.3 3.0 times). At the same time decrease is observed if compared to pasturable application of lower cauline-leaves grasses specific weight (by 14.5%).


An historical perspective on the role of aldosterone in the pathophysiology of hypertension and heart disease, and data supporting the advantages of blocking the mineralocorticoid receptor with anti-aldosterone agents.


We consider a simple mechanism design problem with private values in which each agent perceives Knightian uncertainty over his opponents' types. Uncertainty is formalized using incomplete preferences as in Bewley (1986). We show that the seller can extract all gains from trade with a direct mechanism in which truth-telling is a Nash equilibrium, in the sense that no buyer has a unilateral incentive to misrepresent his type. In a Nash equilibrium, however, truth-telling and mirepresenting can be incomparable alternatives. Thus we also consider an equilibrium concept in which truth-telling is optimal, that is, (weakly) preferred to other alternatives. In this case the full extraction of all gains from trade is feasible only if there is sufficient disagreement in beliefs. Otherwise, Vickrey mechanisms maximize the seller's expected revenue. JEL Codes: D0, D5, D8, G1


One of the important tasks of literary criticism is to study the historical aspects of the character of historical figures, the study of the historical events and the periods in the life of great people, and the image of famous historical figures in fiction. Consequently, the study of Amir Temur's image from the point of view of historical fact and the analysis of the achievements of the creators in its artistic interpretation also provide important conclusions regarding the development of the literary process.


Hybrid plasminogen activator (PA) genes containing fragments of cDNA encoding the non-catalytic part of tissue-PA and the .catalytic domain of urokinase and vice versa were constructed and expressed in Chinese Hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The hybrid nature of the products in stably transformed cells was analyzed at the level of DNA and RNA using probes derived from different regions of the urokinase and tissue-PA cDNAs and at the protein level by means of polyclonal antibodies raised against tissue-PA and urokinase. The hybrid genes made hybrid RNAs and proteins of the expected sizes. The proteins were enzymatically active as determined by zymography and chromogenic enzyme assays and this activity was blocked by the appropriate antibodies. The effect on hybrid PAs of cyanogen bromide cleaved fibrinogen fragments, poly-D-lysine and heparin which are known to affect the activity of tissue-PA and urokinase differently was also studied


The LINAC of the DAΦNE complex is in operation since 1996, both as injector of the e e -factory, and, since 2003, for the extraction of electron beam to the Beam Test Facility. In the last years, many improvements have been developed in different sub-systems of the LINAC, aiming at a wider, tuneable range of beam parameters, in particular the pulse time width and the pulse charge. A long term measurement campaign has been recently started to characterize the LINAC performance after that many sub-systems has been overhauled and improved, starting from RF power (i.e. klystron substitution, modulator renewal, RF driver layout, SLED tuning) as well as the timing system, magnets, cooling, vacuum, control system and energy/position diagnostics. This work reports the latest results on the optimization of the fully consolidated system. LINAC DESCRIPTION The electron-positron LINAC of the DAΦNE collider complex is a ~60 m long, S-band (2856 MHz) linear accelerator, and has been in operation since 1997. It includes a thermionic gun[1], four 45 MW SLEDed klystrons (Thales TH-2128C) and 15, 3 m long travellingwave accelerating sections[2]. With reference to figure 1, it is possible to see that three of the klystrons have exactly the same configuration consisting of an evacuated rectangular waveguide network with three 3 dB splitters arranged in order to divide the klystron power into four equal parts, feeding each one an accelerating section. The fourth klystron has a different configuration: half the power is sent to the capture section (CS), the first section downstream the positron converter (PC), while the second half is equally divided between two branches feeding the accelerating section P1 the first one, the prebuncher, the buncher and the accelerating section E1 the second one. All the 15 accelerating sections (E1-E5, CS, P1-P9) are of the same type: the well known 3 m long, 2/3 π travelling wave, constant gradient, SLAC design structures. In our configuration, with 45 MW coming out the klystron, the nominal accelerating component of the electric field is 24 MV/m in the CS and 18 MV/m in the remaining accelerating sections. The phase adjustments between the sections are performed by means of low power 360° phase shifters upstream the RF amplifiers of each klystron, and by a high power 360° phase shifter that uncouples the CS from E1. The relative phasing between accelerating sections belonging to the same klystron network were regulated once and for all by properly adjusting the rectangular waveguides upstream the section inputs. The above described configuration allows changing arbitrarily the phase of the CS with respect to E5, and this is an important feature in the positron mode of operation. The four modulators are able to produce a pulse of 4.5 μs flat top with a repetition rate at 50 Hz, with a HV power supply with resonant circuit charging the pulse forming network (PFN), composed by 9 LC cells up to 50 kV, and a switching thyratron (type EEV CX2168). The positron converter subsystem is based on the SLAC scheme. The conversion is obtained by interposing to the electron beam a metallic target and collecting the produced positrons by a flux concentrator jointly with DC solenoid magnets, generating a 5 T peak magnetic field. The system allows the choice of three different targets, with thickness varying around 2 radiation lengths, built with an alloy of 75% of tungsten and 25% of rhenium. A remotely controlled actuator permits to extract the target from the beam path during the electron mode of operation. The focusing system is configured according to the requirements of the interested LINAC portion. An easy way to describe this system is to follow a particle beam from the gun to the LINAC end. The first coil that the beam finds is the bucking coil, used for reducing the presence of magnetic field in the gun cathode region, followed by a 'thin lens' with a solenoid driving the beam to the pre-buncher. The pre-buncher, buncher and the accelerating section E1 are immersed in a solenoidal field produced by 14 Helmholtz coils. A quadrupole doublet between E1 and E2 allows matching between the solenoidal focusing system with the FODO that transports the beam to the positron converter. The FODO is composed by two quadrupoles per each of the four accelerating sections (E1-E4). A high gradient quadrupole triplet upstream the positron converter is used for focusing the beam into a 1 mm (RMS) radius spot on the converter target. The focusing system on the positron converter area and on the accelerating sections CS and P1 has been already described. Downstream this part is placed the positron/electron separator which, in the positron mode, separates secondary positrons and electrons in 2 different paths and eliminates the electrons by means of a beam stopper. In the remaining part of the LINAC, from section P2 to P9, a FODO, composed by 26 quadrupoles with steps tapered according to the beam energy, completes the focusing scheme. A network of vertical and horizontal correctors, in general a couple on each of the accelerating sections, is used for LINAC orbit correction. Proceedings of IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA TUPWA057 2: Photon Sources and Electron Accelerators A08 Linear Accelerators ISBN 978-3-95450-168-7 1549 Co py rig ht © 20 15 CC -B Y3. 0 an d by th er es pe ct iv ea ut ho rs Figure 1: DAΦNE LINAC RF LAYOUT. The main parameters of the LINAC are summarized in Table 1. Table 1: DAΦNE-LINAC Parameters Parameters Design Operational e energy (max)* 800 MeV 750 MeV e energy (max)* 550 MeV 530 MeV RF frequency 2856 MHz e conversion energy 250 MeV 220 MeV Beam pulse length 10 ns 1.4 to 40 ns Gun current 8.0 A 8.0A RMS energy spread e 0.5 % 0.56% RMS energy spread e 1.0% 0.95% e current on e converter 5.0 A 5.2 A Max output e current (10 ns) >150 mA 180 mA Max output e current (10 ns) 36 mA 85 mA Trasport efficiency from capture section to linac end 90% 90% *the final energy for electron/positron beam during the DAΦNE operation is fixed at 510 MeV. Beam Diagnostics includes 14 beam position monitors, one at the end of each of the accelerating sections, four fluorescent screens placed at the end of E5 section, on the converter target, at the separator output and at the LINAC end. Finally, four wall current monitors of the resistive type placed at the gun output, at the PC, at the separator output and at the LINAC end, allow measuring the beam current along the LINAC. Other important quantities like energy, energy spread and emittance are measured by dedicated devices placed on the transfer line downstream the LINAC. UPGRADE OF THE SYSTEM During the last long shutdown (January-May 2013), all the LINAC components have been overhauled in particular the four RF power stations. Several components such as filter capacitors, thyratrons and high power pulse discrete elements have been replaced, and a newly designed RF driver system has been installed, in order to achieve a better stability of the delivered power. In critical parts, like waveguides downstream the SLEDs, additional pumps with higher pumping speed have been added, in order to reduce discharge occurrences. All the ceramic windows, placed downstream the klystron ones to decouple the LINAC vacuum, have been preventively substituted. Concerning the RF-vacuum devices in the LINAC accelerating sections, the residual pressure considerably improved by replacing all the RF loads, reaching a stable operation at the level of 10 -9 mbar. In the meantime, we have completely replaced the entire vacuum safety system, the gating valves and the four old fluorescent screens (obtained by oxidizing the surface of a thin aluminum plate) and new screens with higher sensitivity (YAG:CE crystal) have been installed. The cooling subsystems of the accelerator waveguides network, have been upgraded (new PLC control system), and all components underwent an accurate revision involving water ducts, flux-meters and water pumping system, leading to replacement of many equipments. The LINAC control system has been revised and upgraded in order to be compliant with the renewed Ethernet architecture (new routers relying on fiber connections) and to profit from new network features. The control system and diagnostic data acquisition is now running on four virtual machine subsystem (VMS, both Linux and Windows), hosted by four physical machines (2.80Ghz Intel Xeon E5, 16GByte RAM, DELL PowerEdge R320) with CentOs6 distribution, in KVM based environment. The LabView software is interfaced through CAMAC to the hardware of the LINAC. In this context a new control application, based on dedicated multiplexed DAQ, has been designed and implemented for the 14 LINAC BPMs. A new electron gun system has been also developed and put into operation [1]. TUPWA057 Proceedings of IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA ISBN 978-3-95450-168-7 1550 Co py rig ht © 20 15 CC -B Y3. 0 an d by th er es pe ct iv ea ut ho rs 2: Photon Sources and Electron Accelerators A08 Linear Accelerators OPERATION EXPERIENCE Since June 2013 intense activities have been performed to find the best setup of the LINAC, especially for the upgraded subsystems. First of all RF measurements and tune-up of the RF system, including klystrons characterization, SLED's retuning, monitors recalibration, check of the phase relation between sections have been performed. In order to increase the stability and the RF power at the klystron output, power measurements have been acquired by using a calibrating peak power meter (type Boonton4540[3]) at different set point of the klystron (focusing coils and filament voltage) but at fixed drive power input and modulator HV. As a summary of this klystron characterization the maximum output power values measured are showed in Table 2. Table 2: Klystron Output Power Values Acquired with


This article discusses the consolidation of the "Chibata Revolt" ("The Revolt of the Whip") (Rio de Janeiro, 1910) as a theme in Brazilian national memory, through the analysis of different moments and attempts at the restoration, appropriation and commemoration of the rising. I discuss how the building of the black sailor Joao Cândido as a national hero was a complex process during the twentieth century, which reveals values of different temporalities, contexts and social places. Analyzing three levels of memory - collective, national and individual -, I seek to understand how the celebrations related to this revolt also revealed violence, silence and forgetfulness, at the ecebido: marco / 2011; aprovado: maio / 2011 time that clashes occur in the search for the recognition and legitimacy of an icon in the celebration of its centenary.


We present a unified online statistical framework for quantifying a collection of binary segmentation of mandibles in CT images. Since the segmentation was done semi-automatically, the processed binary images were available in a sequential manner. Thus, there was a need to develop an iterative analysis framework where the final statistical maps are updated sequentially each time a new image is added to the analysis. The proposed method is applied to identify and characterize regions of mandible growth during the first two decades of life.


One effort is the optimal utilization of local resources is to develop tourism with ecotourism concept. Ecotourism is developed in Situbondo Banongan Coast community involvement, economic benefit, and should pay attention to the values of the local community's wisdom filled with religious values. Thus, improving the quality of life through economic empowerment propaganda is very significant. The focus of this paper is the design of economic empowerment through the propaganda for marine ecotourism in Central Coast communities Banongan Situbondo. This research using a community service-based approach of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). Results of this research are there are two steps that need to be done preaching empowerment, which is an addition to the insight and understanding of the community (such as ecotourism halaqah, halaqah entrepreneurship, and halaqah practical fiqh) and da'wah action (and deversikasi cooperative optimization efforts).


Aim: Aging is an important stage of life that affects health and nutritional status. This study was planned and conducted to assess health and nutritional status of elderly. Subjects and methods: This research was conducted on 99 elderly (35 men and 64 women) applied to Elderly Service Center located in Ankara, and at home, age 65 years and over. To determine the general health and nutritional status of elderly a questionnaire was applied, also daily food consumption and food frequency were determined, body weight and height were measured. Results: The mean age of the participants was 72.1±6.9 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the elderly was 26.3±4.5 for men, 24.9±3.1 kg/m2 for women. Out of total, 68.7% of them had at least one diagnosed disease. The most frequently diagnosed disease was hypertension. In elderly, with the progress of the age, decreased taste, smell perception and appetite, difficulty in eating and swallowing, dry mouth, tooth loss and constipation were increased. Out of total, 64.7% of the elderly skipped one meal. Daily consumption of vegetables, fruit, meat and water were lower than the recommended amounts for elderly. Conclusion: For the prevention of increasing health and nutritional problems in the elderly, multidisciplinary approaches are recommended.


Combined with the actual editing work for the periodical of Zhejiang Construction,this paper elaborates the quality management of journals in the steps of strictly going over a manuscript,bringing expert reexamination into full play to ensure the academic quality of a manuscript and doing well in guaranteeing the work quality during the editing procedure.Only by conscientious work in all key links can we really improve the academic qualities of periodicals.


An induction heating cooker is provided with: a top plate on which the item to be heated is placed; a plurality of heating coils for generating an induced magnetic field for heating the item to be heated, the heating coils being provided in close proximity to each other under the top plate; a plurality of temperature sensors for sensing the temperature of the item to be heated; and a controller for controlling the operation state of the heating coils on the basis of the sensing result from the temperature sensors. The temperature sensors are provided as a plurality so as to be dispersed under the top plate, and the number of the temperature sensors is less than that of the heating coils.


Objective To evaluate the role of PGE2 and mucin in the formation of cholesterol gallstones. Methods A gallstone formation model was established in hamsters and PGE2 was administered intraperitoneally for four weeks at a daily dose of 20 μg/body weight. The presence of stones and crystals was examined macroscopically and by polarized light microscope. Transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the mucin secretion by gallbladder epithelial cells. Results PGE2 enhanced gallbladder mucin secretion, but did not increase cholesterol gallstone formation rate. Conclusions PGE2 and mucin are not the causative factors of cholesterol gallstones. The increase of mucin secretion might play a protective role during stone formation, whereas PGE2 could affect the formation of cholesterol gallstones in multiple aspects.


The control of emulsion subsection cooling for the work roll in the closed-loop feedback control system of cold-rolled strip flatness is crucial. A fuzzy control algorithm is designed based on the values of the absolute flatness deviation and the spatial and temporal variations of the flatness deviation. It can use them to calculate the membership grade values which can describe the shape defect degree,and thus to determine the switch states of the emulsion subsection cooling nozzles. The control of emulsion subsection cooling for the work roll using the fuzzy control algorithm can better decrease the higher and residual flatness defects.


In this paper the split-post dielectric resonator is investigated as a measurement tool for dielectric substrate parameters characterization by using a suitable 3D model, assisted by modern 3D electro-magnetic simulators. The dielectric parameters of a known substrate are measured by a set of different di- electric resonators in order to find the most appropriate measurement conditions and dielectric resonator shapes. Results are analyzed and presented in tabular form.


A cast PU elastomer was prepared with polyester g lycol,toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and chain extender.The influence of prepolymeri zation and one-step polymerization,80/20 TDI and 2,4-TDI,type and molecular we ight of polyester glycol,molecular weight between crosslinking sites and molecul ar weight of rigid segment on the mechanical properties of PU elastomer was inve stigated.The results showed that the PU elastomer made of ployester and 80/20 TD I by prepolymerization had the better comprehensive properties.Among three polye ster PU elastomers,the PU elastomer made of PBA had the best comprehensive prope rties.The PU elastomer had the greatest strength when the molecular weight betwe en crosslinking sites was 4 500.


Garbage is anything that is no longer desired and intensive. The general
public's view of garbage is a useless material and must be removed. RW 12 Banguntapan Village,
Sub-District of Banguntapan, Bantul based on observation has some point of illegal dumping place
(TPS). Therefore it is necessary to hold community empowerment under the title of Community
Empowerment in Waste Management Household. This program is implemented with the aim of
improving knowledge and skills of housewives in household waste entrepreneurship to increase
family income.
Community empowerment is done by providing training. Training was provided
for PKK mothers in RW 12 Banguntapan Village Banguntapan Sub-District. The training was held
in the form of learning process and active thinking about creation of household waste either organic
or inorganic waste through several methods, namely lecture, demonstration and workshop.
The results of this training are expected to provide an alternative for young mothers
in utilizing household waste so that the environment is clean and healthy. In addition, with the skills
and insight into entrepreneurship ideas emerge to manage the waste so that the additional income
for the family.
The process of implementing community empowerment can run expeditious.
The program is fully supported and the target community has the will to apply all the training in
each environment.
Key words : garbage, management, empowerment, community


The objective of this paper is to attain a consensus about location attractiveness attested and possibly measured by business service performance after implementation final decision at a host market. After combining theories of location, agglomeration phenomenon, "tertiarization" and strategies of location follows suggestive econometric treatments of variables keen to attest attractiveness. The focus is dragged on the coefficient interpretation on the cause/effect relationship under cross section analysis conditions. Positive and significant results using French data base mostly related to service sector for 2013 as fiscal. An audacious attempt to quantify what remains as qualitative characteristic indeed. Further work is needed to validate reliability to the knowledge of Attractiveness at once to finally be more than just subjectively measured.


The laboratory induced cellular stress on zygotes and embryos in their microenvironment could negatively in luence the clinical outcome. One of the core components of an IVF lab is the culture incubator. Incubators can provide a stable and Appropriate culture environment by regulating optimal conditions on parameters such as temperature, gas levels and humidity. Clinical studies which compare incubator characteristics may provide insight to their ef icacy. In humid conditions of the tropical climate, the incubatorswithout humidi iers can also be used. Hence this study was done to identify the role of a humidi ier in a tropical country. In this multicentre retrospective study, embryos from a total of 787 patients were cultured as two groups -A and B in two different types of incubatorshumidi ied and dry, respectively. 647 patients in group A and 140 patients in group B were examined for the developmental parameters. The embryos were frozen at the blastocyst stage and replaced in subsequent frozen embryo transfer cycles. The resulted pregnancy, miscarriage and the clinical pregnancy outcomes were compared. The data was subjected to statistical validation. There was no signi icant difference observed in the clinical pregnancy rates between the groups. This study validates the possible use of dry incubators for the in vitro culture of human embryos in tropical climate without aiding any humidi ication.


This study was conducted to determine the optimum cleaning frequency for cleaning Photovoltaic (PV) modules installed in Mesa (near Phoenix), Arizona, United States. By monitoring the soiling loss of PV modules mounted on a mock rooftop at ASU-PRL during May through June 2014 (highest soiling period for this site), a detailed soiling loss modeling was obtained. During the dry/soiling summer season, the daily soiling rate has been determined to be -0.061% for 20° tilted PV modules. Based on the monitored soiling rate and extensive simulation of this investigation, it is concluded that the cleaning is not economically justifiable for 20° or higher tilted residential PV modules of this and nearby sites.


This study analyzed the effect of five sub-variables' attribute of HMR: features of information, diversity, promptness, price and convenience, on the consumer purchasing intention. In addition, the regulation effect of positive reviews and negative reviews of consumers' online reviews between HMR selection attribute and purchasing intention was also tested. Results are following. First, convenience feature (B=.577, p<.001) and diversity feature (B=.093, p<.01) among the effect of HMR selection attribute had a positive (+) effect on purchasing intention. On the other hand, promptness feature (B=.235, p<.001) and price feature (B=.161, p<.001), and information feature (B=.288, p<.001) were not significant effect on purchasing intention. Second, result of regulation effect of the positive reviews of consumer's online review between the selection attribute of the HMR product and consumers' purchasing intention, in the first-stage model in which the selection attribute of the HMR product is input as an independent variable, there was a significant positive (+) effect on all the features of convenience, diversity, promptness, price, and information. In addition, there was significant positive (+) main effect (B=.472, p<.001) in the second step model in which the consumers' positive reviews, that is a regulation variable. Furthermore, the feature of price (B=.068, p<.05) had a significant positive (+) effect in the third stage in which the selection attribute of the HMR product that is an independent variable and the interaction of the positive review. However, the feature of information (B=—.063, p<.05) showed negative (—) effect, and there was no effect on the features of convenience, diversity, and promptness. Third, as a result of testing the regulation effect of the negative reviews of consumers' online reviews between HMR product selection attribute and consumers' purchasing intention, in the first-stage model in which the selection attribute of the HMR product was a positive (+) effect on all the features of convenience, diversity, promptness, price, and information. In the second-stage model in which consumers' negative reviews (B=—.113, p<.001) had negative (—) effect. In the third-stage in which the selection attribute of the HMR product and the interactions of the negative reviews was a positive (+) effect with the feature of price (B=.113, p<.01). Last, there was no effect at all on the features of convenience, promptness, and information.


By solving complex commercial problems for corporate Australia, Andrea McCormick and the Adara Group quite literally make the world a better place.


Fabrication processes for periodically inverted AlGaAs and AlGaP waveguides have been developed and used for fabrication of quasi-phase-matched wavelength conversion devices. We have succeeded in achieving considerably high conversion efficiencies in AlGaAs-based devices and the first observation of a quasi-phase-matched parametric interaction in a GaP-based device.


recent survey of medieval biblical culture points out that comparatively few biblical commentaries survive from the period between 500 and 750. The only major writers to contribute new material to the interpretation of Scripture in this period are Gregory, Isidore, and Bede. The reign of Charlemagne, on the other hand, inaugurated fresh interest in biblical scholarship. Due at least in part to Charlemagne's extensive programme of reform—as outlined in the Admonitio generalis and the Epistola de litteris colendis—this renewed study of the Bible and the traditions of patristic exegesis resulted in many new and stylistically different biblical commentaries. The first commentary to appear at Charlemagne's request was that of Wigbod, who composed his encyclopedic Liber quaestionum on the Octateuch at Lorsch between 775 and 800. Wigbod's massive commentary, however, is simply a concatenation of excerpts from other works and contains very little which is original. For Genesis 1–3, for example, Wigbod's main sources were three florilegia of


The purpose of this project was to address the need for making the subject matter of life science accessible to all kindergarten and first grade students. The Theories of Multiple Intelligence and elements of Brain-Based Learning were used to create life science lessons specifically tailored to the kindergarten and first grade curriculum. Also, to identify a variety of learning and instructional techniques, styles, and strategies to better facilitate in the educational process of all learners, and integrate different types of assessment to meet the needs of every


Abstract Strontium hexaferrite is a promising material for magnetic nanoscale applications owing to its high coercivity and saturation magnetisation. Nanocrystallite strontium hexaferrite was prepared by self-flash combustion of acetate precursors. A 2 : 1 molar ratio of iron acetate to strontium acetate in the precursor was found to give a 50 : 50 product of strontium monoferrite and strontium hexaferrite, whereas a single phase, strontium hexaferrite, was obtained at a 8 : 1 molar ratio. The powder obtained was fired at 600°C for 2 h, to assist decomposition of acetates, then pressed into compacts and sintered at 850°C for 2 h to ensure complete transformation to the hexaferrite phase. The nanocrystalline (90 nm) strontium hexaferrite and strontium monoferrite (50 nm) crystals obtained were characterised by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. Magnetic properties measured by vibrating sample magnetometry showed promising values for Hc, Br and Bs. The photocatalytic activity of the strontium hexaferrite in the degradation of Toludine blue dye was studied. Complete degradation of the dye was achieved after 20 h under illumination under a tungsten lamp.


This paper explores a form of 'pattern language', which has entirely evolved within the framework of Islamic tradition, to illuminate the relationship between the ideological and physical dimensions of spatial morphology in Middle Eastern urban contexts, particularly Cairo and North Africa. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to highlight the indeterminate margin between the top-down and bottom-up conventional decisions and the role of each of them in reforming the macro and micro levels of urban forms. This form of pattern language maintained and protected social and urban sustainability by solving spontaneously the disputes and the pragmatic, chronic confl ict between the top-down decisions represented in the central authority and their representatives such as professionals and the bottom-up decisions represented in the local residents. In this regard, this form of pattern language is conceptualised in a unifi ed framework, called the anatomical approach, which is composed of two working models, an ideological model and a physical model. In this context, the paper will focus on the role of the ideological dimension in regenerating conventional decisions, whether top-down or bottom-up. Also it explores how the mechanism of decisions‐making was operationalised via changes in the responsibility rules of different parties causing signifi cant changes in the urban spatial morphology. This process has been conceptualised in the fi ne-tuning of the built environment. This pattern language, therefore, contributes to the planning education process by providing essential knowledge and a base for site analysis, the design process for urban spaces for professionals who have responsibilities for space management and urban conservation in contexts that have multi-layers of historic development.


This research paper provides a comprehensive review of the role of holistic learning in cultivating global citizenship skills. The paper explores the impact of holistic learning approaches on the development of intercultural competence, social justice awareness, environmental stewardship, and civic engagement among students. Through a thorough literature review, the paper examines the theoretical perspectives, practical applications, and empirical evidence supporting the integration of holistic learning in global citizenship education. The findings consistently demonstrate that holistic learning approaches, such as project-based learning, experiential learning, and integrated curriculum, offer unique benefits in fostering global citizenship skills. By providing students with real-world experiences, interdisciplinary perspectives, and hands-on activities, holistic learning engages students in active learning, critical thinking, and reflection. It promotes intercultural understanding, empathy, effective communication, social justice awareness, environmental stewardship, and a sense of civic responsibility. The paper compares and contrasts holistic learning approaches with other educational approaches, highlighting the distinctiveness and added value of holistic learning in providing a comprehensive and immersive educational experience for global citizenship education. In summary, this research paper contributes to the understanding of how holistic learning can effectively cultivate global citizenship skills, enabling individuals to become responsible and active global citizens in an interconnected world.


A friend of Jung and Winnicott, Michael Fordham was co-editor of the collected works of Jung and the first editor of the Journal of Anaylytical Psychology. Freud, Jung, Klein - The Fenceless Field draws together his key writings on the relationship between psychoanalysis and analytical psychology.


Purpose – The aim of this paper was to investigate the role of perceived organizational support (POS) for employee risk-taking through its association with greater trust among supervisors and subordinates that the organization will take into account the individual's intent to be helpful in the case of failure (failure-related trust). Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained from 346 employee-supervisor dyads from diverse organizations. Employees and supervisors described their POS and failure-related trust. Supervisors also rated employee's risk-taking behaviors. Findings – Perceived organizational support (POS) was positively related to failure-related trust among subordinates and supervisors which, in turn, was related to subordinates' risk taking. Additionally, supervisors' failure-related trust moderated the relationship between subordinates' POS and failure-related trust, such that when supervisors strongly believed the organization was trustworthy in risk situations, employees' POS had a str...


AIM: To construct a more ideal model of chronic wound of animal by modifying the conventional ischemic model of rabbit ear. METHODS: Eight New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups, aged group (48-60 months old) and young group (3-6 months old). Cyclic cut was made at the ear roots of the rabbits, the central artery and cephalic artery were separated and ligated and three circular wounds (diameter 6mm) were made at ventral ears with biopsy punch. The cartilage was exposed by scraping the perichondrium. At the third, 6th, 9th and 12th day after operation, cyclic cuts were made at the ear root of rabbits of aged group and blood flow was blocked to the maximum. The skin temperature of rabbit ears, oxygen tension of blood in vein, new epithelia gap (EG), new granulation tissue gap (GTG) and the peak height of new granulation tissue (PH) were observed and determined under microscope. RESULTS: Through continuous observation, it was proved that the recovery of skin temperature and oxygen tension after blood block was significantly slower in aged group than that in young group ( P 0.01). The determination of HE staining showed that EG in the old aged group increased by 72% ( P 0.01), GTG by 67% ( P 0.01) and PH decreased by 6% ( P 0.05). CONCLUSION: The animal model of ischemia, constructed by cyclic cut at rabbit ear root at different times with aged rabbits as experimental animals, is better in the sense of chronic wound.


We study systems with two symmetric absorbing states, such as the voter model and its variations, which have been broadly used as minimal neutral models in genetics, population ecology, sociology, etc. We analyze the effects of a key ingredient inevitably present in most real applications: random-field-like quenched disorder. In accord with simulations and previous findings, coexistence between the two competing states/opinions turns out to be strongly favored by disorder in the standard voter model; actually, a disorder-induced phase transition is generated for any finite system size in the presence of an arbitrarily small spontaneous-inversion rate (preventing absorbing states from being stable). For nonlinear versions of the voter model a general theory (by Al Hammal et al) explains that the spontaneous breaking of the up/down symmetry and an absorbing state phase transition can occur either together or separately, giving rise to two different scenarios. Here, we show that the presence of quenched disorder in nonlinear voter models does not allow the separation of the up–down (Ising-like) symmetry breaking from the active-to-absorbing phase transition in low-dimensional systems: both phenomena can occur only simultaneously, as a consequence of the well-known Imry–Ma argument generalized to these non-equilibrium problems. When the two phenomena occur in unison, resulting in a genuinely non-equilibrium ('generalized voter') transition, the Imry–Ma argument is violated and the symmetry can be spontaneously broken even in low dimensions.


Computer Network is an important course of computer speciality.According to the current problems in teaching system,this paper discusses the curriculum teaching reform from innovating the teaching ideas,teaching means,and strengthening the experimental teaching.After practice,teaching effects and quality have been improved.Students' practice ability and innovation ability have been improved.


It was demonstrated that the MgIn2O4 spinel is a very promising material as a transparent electronic conductor. By the measurements of diffuse reflectance spectra, the optical band gap of MgIn2O4 (∼3.4 eV) was found to be wider than that of ITO (indium tin oxide). Electrical conductivity of the sintered sample of MgIn2O4 at room temperature has reached almost 102 S cm−1 with no intentional doping. The conduction was found to be due to electrons introduced from oxygen vacancies.


One practice for reclaiming degraded agricultural soils under semiarid climate is to use organic amendment to improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil, therefore enhancing its fertility. A short-term field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different biosolid rates on selected soil properties and assess these as potential indicators of soil restoration. The organic waste was surface-applied once at three rates (30, 60, and 90 Mg ha−1) to an abandoned agricultural soil. Three years after the biosolid was applied several chemical and biological soil properties such as organic C (SOC), humified C fractions (THS-C), water soluble C (DOC), total nitrogen (Nk), basal respiration (CO2-E), and potential nitrogen mineralization (PMN) increased significantly in 60 Mg ha−1 and in 90 Mg ha−1 biosolid rates. The physical soil properties studied did not change with the biosolid treatments at least in this short-term experiment. The available heavy metals showed a slight increase in the biosolid treatments but the values obtained were below those considered phytotoxic. In spite of that the canopy cover was higher in the biosolid treatment plots than in the unamended soil which will contribute to soil restoration; the analysis of the biological properties did not show such a clear trend that they could be used as soil quality indicator under the condition of this study.


I read with interest the paper by Playforth et al. (Annals, March, 1986, vol 68, p 82) on the prediction of incisional hernias using radio-opaque markers. The authors point out in their introduction the possibility of early parting of the suture aponeurosis within the first few weeks of operation producing wound disruption which presents as an abdominal hernia much later. The use of radioopaque markers seems to be a valid and worthwhile method of detecting such early dehiscence but it seems a great pity that the authors chose to examine the separation of these markers only four to six weeks after operation. If their hypothesis of early aponeurotic separation is indeed correct, then it would not be surprising to find marker separation much earlier than this time, and it is a pity that the authors did not undertake serial studies through the course of the patient's postoperative recovery, say at 48 hours and one week. In the presence of obesity, malnutrition or severe debilitating disease, which is so often associated with a full-blown abdominal wound dehiscence, one might have expected to find a separation of the markers at a much earlier stage and this may have been very useful in predicting those patients in whom late hernia may occur. While the authors have certainly been able to predict the occurrence of incisional hernias it is sad that they missed the opportunity to identify when it occurs, or to cast light on the patients in whom it is particularly frequent. Answers to these two questions would obviously have implications in prevention of this occurrence. IAN J REFC(EF. FRCS Senior Lecturer Department of Cardiac Surgery Royal Infirmary Glasgow


ABSTRACT The aim of this study are 1) to determine the influence of absensi fingerprint to the planning. 2) To determine the influence of absensi fingerprint to organizing. 3) To determine the influence of absensi fingerprint to actuting. 4) To determine of absensi fingerprint to controlling. 5) To determine of absensi fingerprint to employe performance. The result of this research are 1) the influence of fingerprint variabel to the planning is positive significan. 2) The influence of fingerprint variabel to the organizing is positive significan. 3) The influence of fingerprint variabel to the actuating is positif significan. 4) The influence of fingerprint variabel to the controlling is positif significan. 5) The influence of fingerprint variabel to the employe performance is positifsignifican. The researcher recommendation to the Puskesmas sidemen which become research location are to Puskesmas SidemenˈLeader to incrise absensi fingerprint program to mantanance employe performance by crosscek absensi date every week. Biside those one the result of this research have beenuse to base on future research. This reaserch use kwalitatif and kwantitatifmethode by survey and get from all Puskesmas sidemen employ by give them instrument reaserch (quisioner) and take from Puskesmas Sidemen regulation.Data analyse use PLS (Partial Least Square) who isnot use distrubusi normal date.


Education today needs to be responsive to the diverse needs of our learners in order to make them globally competent. Innovative initiatives need to be brought into the present education system in order to meet the growing demands of our society. Our education system does not function in isolation with our society and so, along with academic aspects, the social aspects of learning too, have to be focussed on. This is possible with quality teaching strategies being introduced in our teaching learning process and one such strategy promoting the same is Cooperative Learning. Cooperative learning involves students working together in small groups to accomplish shared goals. It is widely recognized as a teaching strategy that promotes socialization and learning among students from kindergarten through college and across different subjects and science is no exception. Science enables pupils to be involved in group work where they have the opportunity to share ideas and cooperate with each other in collaborative practical activity. What is needed today is a new wave of educated students ready for modern scientific research, teaching and technological development. With students of diverse abilities and differing rates of learning in our classrooms, it is, therefore, essential for the teacher to have the knowledge of how students learn science and how best to teach. The present study was taken up in this context to find out the effectiveness of cooperative learning strategy in science teaching.


Polytene chromosomes of Stylonychia mytilus are formed during the development of a macronucleus from a micronucleus after sexual processes such as the conjugation. These chromosomes have many similarities to the polytene chromosomes of the Diptera. This paper deals with the morphological study of a chromosomal loop observed in three different phases of development of polytene chromosomes in Stylonychia mytilus. It was formed in the early stages possibly due to the existence of an inversion in one of the two homologous chromosomes and the subsequent pairing of the homologous tracts. This could answer the question regarding the existence or not of somatic pairing during the development of polytene chromosomes of this species.


Personal fabrication technologies such as 3D printers are becoming increasingly affordable, enabling many to own and use 3D printers in their own homes. Yet we have little understanding of how fabrication tools and technologies can be used and appropriated within the home. In this paper, we explore the opportunities and challenges related to using personal fabrication technologies as part of play, specifically in the context of board and tabletop games. We present an overview of existing uses of 3D printers in the context of gaming, which has largely focused on creating and replacing pieces for existing games. Drawing on existing uses of 3D printing in games, and on prior research in interacting with fabrication tools, we then introduce a set of gameplay elements that use the affordances of the 3D printer to enhance and extend gameplay. We evaluated these gameplay elements through a focus group with 9 gaming hobbyists, who provided feedback on these elements and designed new games that used these elements. Our contributions include an extended set of gameplay elements that leverage fabrication tools, a set of reference games, and guidelines for augmenting existing fabrication tools to support playful interactions.


In this research the covariance matrix which was used in so many fields, its eigen values adopted to be the main parameters for Latin printed character recognition. The idea was divided in two stages. The first stage is to generate the covariance matrix then, evaluate its eigen values to build main table for the whole latin characters in addition to the numeric values. The second stage is the recognition stage, which achieved to any character that was entered. The applied examples do not register any negative result. So it can be strongly recommended for printed character recognition.


The term "religion" is relatively new to Korea, having being introduced at the end of the 19th century. Since it is an imported term, it still is a rather loose fit for the various organizations and phenomena in Korea that outsiders often label as religious, since not all such organizations or phenomena meet all of the criteria often used to determine what is and what is not religious. Moreover, governments in Korea have often tried to limit the religion label to "respectable" religions, those with organizational structures that made them more amenable to government control. At the same time, many new religions have tried to avoid the religion label because they see it as implying an exclusive rather than an inclusive community. Religion, therefore, remains a problematic term in Korea, lacking agreement regarding how it should be applied.


Access to the North - but to what and for whom? Public access in the Swedish countryside and the case of a proposed national park in the Kiruna mountains


Introduction: Little is known about the risk of appropriate implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) therapy outside the context of controlled clinical trials where routine practice patients are followed for longer durations and questions of device replacement frequently arise. We assessed the incidence and time‐dependence of appropriate ICD therapy in a routine clinical practice primary prevention population with prior myocardial infarction (MI) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).


This work is concerned with measuring the temperature liquid environments under their impact loading. The temperature sensor was a battery of three-layer (copper-constantan-copper) planar thermocouples disposed in the shock-compressed investigated environment. At the process of convective heat exchange between the loaded environment and the sensor during 0,5…1,5 ms there is an alignment temperature of hot junctions of thermocouples and the environment. Dependence on the time arising from such heating voltage at the thermopile, recorded by pulsed oscillators. Voltage thermopile arising at such heating depending on the time recorded by pulse oscilloscope. The measured voltage is determined by the maximum value of temperature of the medium. Testing of this method is carried out by measurements of the water temperature under the shock-wave loading up to a pressure of 6,7 GPa. The measured value of the temperature jump was equal to 340±400 C in agreement with the theoretically predicted value. Conducted a series of experiments on measuring temperature in the matrix of the emulsion explosive at pressure up to 9 GPa. Good agreement experimental data and calculations is showed.


In many applications, such as in massive urban models visualization or in the study of the impact of urban simulation at different scales, models with different levels of detail are required. In this paper we propose a flexible system for configuring level of details models using Procedural Modeling aiming to generate only the geometry required for each specific need. We test our system for a solar simulation analysis at urban scale. We evaluate the solar irradiation and the Sky View Factor in order to study the impact at different scales. We show that our tool provides a way to handle the complexity of urban scale models, and specifically to study the sensitivity of the geometry.


This study analyzed the appropriate placement method by floor for evacuating all occupants during the nighttime through evacuation simulation. The analysis results are as follows. First, when non-self evacuating patients were placed on the first floor, 266 patients and 6 workers were found to be evacuated after 460 seconds. This result shows that it is meaningful to place non-self evacuating patients on the lower floor with a time that is faster than 540 seconds, which is an evaluation criterion set using life Safety standards for human. This result is a time faster than the evaluation criteria of 540 seconds, which is set using the life safety standards, and it can be confirmed that it is meaningful to place non-self evacuating patients on the lower floor. Next, as a result of placing non-self evacuating patients from the first floor to the fourth floor, it was found that evacuation of all occupants required 460 seconds for the first floor, 834 seconds for the second floor, 1,508 seconds for the third floor, and 1,915 seconds for the fourth floor. These results indicate that the placement of non-self evacuating patients on the rest of the floors, except for the first floor, can lead to dangerous results in excess of 540 seconds, which is a flashover time. As a result, it is necessary to place non-self evacuating patients on a lower floor for safe evacuation. The study has limitations except for comparative analysis of changes in evacuation time due to changes in the number of workers at eldery care hospitals and situations in which fire-fighting facilities such as sprinkler facilities operated. It is necessary to study the evacuation time linked to the operation of the fire-fighting facilities and the evacuation time according to the change in the number of workers in the future.


In this paper,Al11Zn2.4Mg1.1Cu0.15Zr ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy was prepared by spray deposition.The influence of different solution temperature and solution time on the microstructure were simultaneously studied.


The invention relates to a reshapable hair styling composition comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable carrier, - one or more non-silicone oils, and- one or more copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid, comprising: (a) units derived from one or more monomers chosen from the monomers (meth) acrylate, butyl (b) units derived from one or more monomers chosen from monomers of (meth) acrylate and (c) of any units derived from one or more copolymerizable monomers other than said monomers (a) and (b), and preferably a rinse-out composition.


The title compound, [Mn-2(.)(dinitrobenzoic acid)(4)(.)(1,10-phen)(2)](n), has a linear chain structure containing binuclear [Mn2(.)(dinitrobenzoic acid)4(1,10-phen)2] repeat units. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P (1) over bar with a = 7.9261(8), b = 12.1329(15), c = 14.847(2) angstrom, alpha = 103.845(5), beta = 101.424(5), gamma = 92.618(4), M-r = 657.37, V = 1352.3(2) angstrom(3), Z = 2, D-c = 1.614 g/cm(3), F(000) = 666, mu = 0.567 min(-1), the final R = 0.0407 and wR = 0.1015 for 4081 observed reflections with I > 2 sigma(I). The Mn atom is six-coordinated by two N and four O atoms, forming a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. All Mn-O and Mn-N bond distances range from 2.093(2) to 2.310(2) angstrom. Two adjacent octahedral units are bridged together by two pairs of bi-monodentate carboxyl groups of different dinitrobenzoic acids to form an eight-membered ring with chair-typed configuration, thus generating a one-dimensional chain along the a axis.


The 4th Plenary Session of the 16th term of CPC puts forward,governing by law is a basic way for the governing by the Party under the new history situation.It is the significant transformation of governing way of CPC while the transformation has historical necessity.Governing by law is the necessary conclusion drawn from the experience and lessons of socialist construction led by the Party,the necessary result for the Party to reform and perfect governing way under the new history situation,the necessary demands to obey and implement the constitution,to construct socialist country governed by law,to perfect and develop socialist market economy,the objective requirement to construct socialist political civilization,and the necessary requirement to promote the healthy development of economic society and construct socialist harmonious society.


The effect of latex band at the ovarian pedicle on postoperative, carcass performance and quality was evaluated in 23 Nelore breed heifers, eight-month-old and 130 kg of average weight. They were allocated in two groups: Group I was constituted of 11 heifers with latex band, and Group II was constituted of 12 non-castrated heifers. The latex ring was applied at the ovarian pedicle via an incision in the flank. On postoperative, potential complications were evaluated, as well as average daily weight gain (ADWG), muscle conversion, body weight after fastening and body weight at the time of inspection. The surgical procedure was executed without complications, and proved to be effective for suppressing estrous. One of the animals (9%) presented partial dehiscence on the wound. The ADWG of GI was 0.308 Kg, and GII was 0.311 Kg, outlining that the animals from GI presented a numerically higher meat gain.


Submitted for the MAR13 Meeting of The American Physical Society Nonlinear functional for solvation in Density Functional Theory1 DENIZ GUNCELER, RAVISHANKAR SUNDARARAMAN, KATHLEEN SCHWARZ, KENDRA LETCHWORTH-WEAVER, T. A. ARIAS, Cornell University — Density functional calculations of molecules and surfaces in a liquid can accelerate the development of many technologies ranging from solar energy harvesting to lithium batteries. Such studies require the development of robust functionals describing the liquid. Polarizable continuum models (PCM's) have been applied to some solvated systems; but they do not sufficiently capture solvation effects to describe highly polar systems like surfaces of ionic solids. In this work, we present a nonlinear fluid functional within the framework of Joint Density Functional Theory. The fluid is treated not as a linear dielectric, but as a distribution of dipoles that responds to the solute, which we describe starting from the exact free energy functional for point dipoles. We also show PCM's can be recovered as the linear limit of our functional. Our description is of similar computational cost to PCM's, and captures complex solvation effects like dielectric saturation without requiring new fit parameters. For polar and nonpolar molecules, it achieves millihartree level agreement with experimental solvation energies. Furthermore, our functional now makes it possible to investigate chemistry on the surface of lithium battery materials, which PCM's predict to be unstable. 1Supported as part of the Energy Materials Center at Cornell, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001086 Deniz Gunceler Cornell University Date submitted: 09 Nov 2012 Electronic form version 1.4


e20590 Background: For patients with extensive-disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC), amrubicin monotherapy is an important therapy in the treatment of recurrence, but there has been no adequate evaluation of how effective it actually is after failure of first-line chemotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). Therefore, the purposes of this study are to determine the proportion of patients who received amrubicin monotherapy in the treatment of relapse after first-line treatment with ICI (arm A) and to investigate the efficacy of amrubicin therapy after arm A compared with after chemotherapy without ICI (arm B). Methods: Consecutive 40 pts with ED-SCLC NSCLC were retrospectively assessed who underwent ICI-containing chemotherapy (n = 19) or standard cytotoxic chemotherapy (n = 21) in the 1st-line setting between 2017 and 2020. Results: In arm A, 3 of 19 patients (16%) were still on first-line ICI maintenance therapy, 2 (2/19; 11%) had ICI treatment adverse events (interstitial pneumonia, cardiopulmonary arrest), and 1 patient could not receive second-line therapy due to a decrease in performance status (PS) to 3. In arm B, 11 of 21 patients (52%) did not receive amrubicin as second-line therapy, including 1 patient with worsening PS, 1 patient with adverse events (hematologic toxicity), 1 patient refusal, and 6 patients with combination of ICI and chemotherapy. 23 patients (arm A; 13 (57%), arm B; 10 (43%)) were able to receive amrubicin monotherapy, including 7 patients (6 cases vs 1 case) were sensitive relapses, and 16 (7 vs 9 cases) were refractory relapses. There was no significant difference in either PFS or survival after first-line treatment in 16 patients with refractory relapse who received amrubicin as second-line treatment (PFS: 4.8 vs 5.2 months, p = 0.51), (median survival after first-line treatment: 9.6 vs 12.8, p = 0.75). Conclusions: Patients who received ICI in the first-line treatment were fully eligible to receive amrubicin in the second-line treatment. The recurrence pattern tended to be sensitive relapse and we found that the efficacy of amrubicin in refractory relapse was not affected by the administration of ICI in the first-line treatment.


Time-depth recorders (TDRs) have proven to be an essential tool in studying the at-sea behavior of marine and aquatic animals (Kooyman 2004, Shaffer and Costa 2006). While their use is often limited by the difficulty of capturing and tagging the animal, in many cases the cost of the tag is the limiting factor (Wilson et al. 1989, Ropert-Coudert and Wilson 2004). Reduced instrument costs could benefit research on diving vertebrates by affording increased sample sizes, extending the scope of research objectives within and among species, and opening this technology to a larger segment of the research community. One reason that the currently available TDRs are expensive is that they are developed explicitly for the animal tagging research market. Relatively small demand coupled with large investments in research, development, and quality control has led to increased precision, accuracy, and reliability. One way of reducing the cost of TDRs is to take advantage of products designed for a high-volume market, such as the dive computers used for recreation sport divers. While these have been bulky and limited to a few dives over a period of hours, new devices are available that can provide an inexpensive alternative to existing animal tags (approximately one-tenth of the price). With the exception of maximum readable depth, the Sensus Ultra TDR (ReefNet Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) has pressure and temperature sensor specifications similar or superior to most other commercially available electronic TDRs (Table 1). Memory capacity, depth rating, and additional sensor options are limited by comparison, but the Sensus Ultra TDR remains compatible with the diving behavior of many species. Here, we conduct an in-field comparison of the Sensus Ultra TDR against a purpose-built marine animal TDR (Wildlife Computers,


This article examines the outcomes of African American–led nonprofit organizations in improving the lives of the youth they serve. Using the framework of representative bureaucracy, this study suggests that demographic similarity among nonprofit leadership and nonprofit clients is transferable to increasing positive youth outcomes within African American–led youth-focused nonprofit organizations. Based on survey data from 727 youth, enhanced by qualitative interviews and focus groups, this research examines youth outcomes across three African American–led nonprofits and compares them with demographically similar youth in their communities. Youth outcomes are analyzed in the areas of academic performance, deviant behavior, family and social support, and self-esteem and resiliency. The findings suggest youth who participate in African American–led nonprofit organizations outperform their peers in the areas of academic performance and self-esteem. These outcomes are important because African American–led nonprofit organizations disproportionately serve African American youth who may not otherwise be served by other extracurricular programming.


The charge carriers in a polar semiconductor are assumed to be described by the Frohlich polaron Hamiltonian, i.e. the interaction with the LO phonons is considered to be the dominant scattering mechanism. In the presence of an electric field, and at sufficiently weak electron–phonon coupling, the dynamics of the charge carriers are studied from the Boltzmann equation. A rigorous solution for the time-dependent momentum distribution function is found at arbitrary temperature and electric field. This solution consists of a recurrence relation between the expansion coefficients αn (p, t), if the momentum distribution function is expanded in Legendre polynomials: where θ is the angle between the electric field and the momentum p under consideration. It is shown that from Boltzmann's equation one of these expansion coefficients is left completely unspecified, and has to be determined from physical boundary conditions.

Es wird angenommen, das sich die Ladungstrager in einem polaren Halbleiter durch einen Frohlichschen Polaron-Hamiltonian beschreiben lassen, d. h. die Wechselwirkung mit den Phononen wird als dominierender Streumechanismus angenommen. Bei Anwesenheit eines elektrischen Feldes und bei genugend schwacher Elektron–Phonon-Kopplung wird die Dynamik der Ladungstrager mit der Boltzmanngleichung untersucht. Eine rigorose Losung fur die zeitabhangige Impulsverteilungsfunktion fur beliebige Temperaturen und elektrische Felder wird gefunden. Diese Losung besteht aus einer Rekursionsbeziehung zwischen den Entwicklungskoeffizienten αn (p, t), wenn die Impulsverteilungsfunktion nach Legendreschen Polynomen entwickelt wird: wobei θ der Winkel zwischen dem elektrischen Feld und dem betrachteten Impuls p ist. Es wird gezeigt, das aus der Boltzmanngleichung einer dieser Entwicklungskoeffizienten vollstandig unspezifiziert bleibt und aus physikalischen Randbedingungen bestimmt werden mus.


This paper addresses the application of UML (Unified Modeling Language) in modeling digital systems based on the object oriented approach. The resulting UML diagrams are then used as the basis to generate a SystemC structure in transaction level, with automatic mapping of ports, channels and signals. Communication among modules are implemented through tokens, through blocking channels. Those techniques are discussed and exemplified through FFT polynomial multiplier. The proposed methodology is supported by a tool integrated in Rational Rose platform.