Combined with the development characteristics of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization of the central plains economic area, the evaluation index system was established and the weight of each index was determined by entropy method. The grey comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the conformity between industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization in the central plains economic area. The results showed that this method solve d the problems of complex relationship and uncertainty information between industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization with a better and accurate evaluation.


In this paper we describe progress in developing textile-based sensors for wearable physiological monitoring systems. Active electrodes on nonwoven textile substrates are described for capturing ECG and EOG data. A capacitive sensor for monitoring breathing is presented. Data transmission by coplanar waveguides is also a topic introduced. The future of these devices for home-based healthcare monitoring is considered


Recent advances of multiaxial low cycle fatigue under nonproportional loading are presented.The advantage and disadvantage of these methods are estimated,and their validities are stated.The works about the research of fatigue life prediction under nonproportional loading are prospected and assumed.


Multi-document person name resolution focuses on the problem of determining if two instances with the same name and from different documents refer to the same individual. We present a two-step approach in which a Maximum Entropy model is trained to give the probability that two names refer to the same individual. We then apply a modified agglomerative clustering technique to partition the instances according to their referents.


The seismic subsoil response in terms of amplification or attenuation of the ground motion is the result of a complex combination of factors, including the vertical and horizontal subsoil heterogeneities (Fabozzi et al., 2021). In volcanic areas in particular, the vertical subsoil heterogeneities are well identified by characteristic superposition of stiffer volcanic horizons on softer levels, giving rise to stiff-soft alternating layers, also in the form of multiple Vs inversions with the depth. This condition is typical of sheet-like blankets of lava or pyroclastic deposits, extensively covering the sedimentary substratum, frequent in the peripheral areas of large basaltic stratovolcanos or in areas adjacent to large explosive acidic volcanic edifices. The aim of the present work is to study the effect of such vertical heterogeneities on the seismic site response. With this end, in correspondence of volcanic areas identified by means of a preliminary geological screening in the Italian territory, subsoil properties relevant for seismic site response analyses were extracted from the Italian database of the seismic microzonation studies (DB-SMs in DPC, 2018), which is available at www.webms.it and is developed and maintained by CNR IGAG (National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering, www.igag.cnr. it). The collection of input data was used for an extensive one-dimensional equivalent linear numerical site response analyses, in order to evaluate the influence of stiffness inversions on ground motion at surface. In particular, different idealized subsoil 1D models of the identified geological areas were defined in terms of variation of layers thickness, shear wave velocity and nonlinear properties. The effect of the variability of these parameters on the seismic site response in terms of amplification factors (ICMS, 2008) was studied parametrically.

References

DPC, Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, 2018. Commissione tecnica per il supporto e monitoraggio degli studi di Microzonazione Sismica (ex art.5, OPCM3907/10), (2018) WebMs; WebCLE. A cura di: Maria Sole Benigni, Fabrizio Bramerini, Gianluca Carbone, Sergio Castenetto, Gian Paolo Cavinato, Monia Coltella, Margherita Giuffrè, Massimiliano Moscatelli. In: Giuseppe Naso. Andrea Pietrosante, Francesco Stigliano.

Fabozzi S., Catalano S., Falcone G., Naso G., Pagliaroli A., Peronace E., Porchia A., Romagnoli G., Moscatelli M. (2021) Stochastic approach to study the site response in presence of shear wave velocity inversion: application to seismic microzonation studies in Italy. Engineering Geology https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105914.

ICMS, 2008. Indirizzi e Criteri per la Microzonazione Sismica. In: Gruppo di lavoro ICMS. Conferenza Delle Regioni E Province Autonome - Dipartimento Della Protezione Civile. https://www.centromicrozonazionesismica.it/it/download/category/7-indi rizzi-e-criteri-per-lamicrozonazione-sismica (In Italian).


On the basis of the optimisation design theory and practice of classical terrestrical control network oberserved with distance, direction or azimuth, a simulative method for optimisation design and calculation of GPS horizontal network is proposed with calculating procedure and steps in detail. This paper also points out what must be paid attention to GPS network design: the accuracy of network points depends upon the datum; the GPS base linevector can be from some hundred meters to more than 20 km.


A 75year old gentleman had an uncomplicated right total hip replacement for osteoarthritis and his warfarin for atrial fibrillation was restarted on the third post-operative day before discharge. A week later, he was admitted with watery diarrhoea and vomiting. On examination, he was clinically dehydrated, blood pressure 96/64mmHg and mild peri-umbilical tenderness. Laboratory tests revealed; sodium 130mmol/L (134-145), potassium 5.6mmol/L (3.5 – 5.3), urea 14.8mmol/L (baseline 6) and creatinine 171umol/L (baseline 80). INR was 4.6.


Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (BSLE) is a rare antibody-mediated blistering disease that presents in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Features of BSLE can present as a diagnostic challenge as they often mimic other bullous skin diseases. We present a case of a 45-year-old female with history of celiac disease, Raynaud's syndrome, chilblains, and Sicca symptoms who presented with 10 months of recurrent vesicles and erosions of the gingiva. Review of symptoms was positive for arthralgias and recurrent photosensitive rashes. Physical examination was notable for multiple 4 mm vesicles with mild surrounding erythema confined to anterior upper gingiva without further mucosal or cutaneous involvement. Two biopsies obtained prior to presentation revealed a mixed inflammatory infiltrate with focal eosinophils, negative for viral cytopathic changes. A biopsy of the maxillary frenum for direct immunofluorescence (DIF) demonstrated a weak, fine linear deposition of IgG and IgA along the basement membrane zone initially suspicious for mucous membrane pemphigoid. Serum ELISA for antibodies against BP180, BP230, and collagen VII were negative. Further lab workup was notable for an ANA of 1:160, anti-Ro60 774 (normal 0–19), anti-Sm 20.7 (normal 0–19), and C4 15.1 (normal 16.3–47.8). The patient was found to meet SLICC criteria (joint disease, chronic cutaneous lupus (chilblains), positive ANA, positive Anti-Sm, and low C4) for SLE diagnosis. The patient was started on dapsone 100 mg by mouth daily with improvement in symptoms. BSLE can affect the oral mucosa and has been described in the absence of anti-collagen VII positivity, but has not been described in the absence of cutaneous bullae. Although atypical, the DIF staining pattern in the context of SLE raises support for a diagnosis of oral BSLE. Teaching point: BSLE can manifest as an oral vesicular eruption and can be differentiated from other oral bullous diseases based on histologic and immunopathologic features


Objective:To investigate the effect of renal sympathetic denervation(RSD)on atrial remodeling after prolonged atrial pacing in ambulatory canines.Methods:Twenty mongrel dogs were implanted with a high frequency cardiac pacemaker,and were divided into three groups:sham-operated group(n=6),right atrial pacing(RAP)group(n=7),and RSD group(n=7).Sham-operated group dogs were only implanted with pacemakers without pacing.In RSD group dogs,a pacemaker was implanted 6weeks after RSD was performed bilaterally for recovery.Atrial pacing was maintained for 5weeks in both RAP group and RSD group.The plasma level of aldosterone were measured in all the animals at the baseline and endpoint of the protocol.Then the heart was quickly excised and tissue specimens were obtained from the left and right atrium for test.Results:The plasma level of aldosterone were increased in both RAP group and RSD group at theendpoint of the protocol as compared with the baseline.Furthermore,the plasma level of aldosterone were significantly increased in RAP group compared with sham-operated group,but the increasing trend was inhibited in RSD group compared with RAP group(P0.05).Similarly,RSD suppressed the increasing trend of ANP,TNF-α,and IL-6levels produced by prolonged RAP.Compared with the sham-operated group,the RAP group had significantly increased levels of Cx40(P0.05),whereas RSD markedly reduced the upregulation of Cx40expression as compared with the RAP group(P0.05).Immunohistochemistry results showed that the densities of TH-and GAP43- positive nerves were significantly elevated in the RAP group as compared with the sham-operated group,while RSD operation significantly inhibited these changes produced by chronic RAP.Conclusion:Catheter-based renal denervation could suppress atrial remodeling,including the significantly increased atrial inflammation and gap junctional remodeling,together with atrial neural remodeling that are produced by long-term RAP in ambulatory canines.


Scheduling algorithms in CDMA packet systems need to allocate codes and power based on channel state information and queue information. For finite queue sizes, the allocated rate should be less than or equal to the maximum rate required to clear the whole queue. This ensures that resources are not under-utilized. Although queue size and head-of-the-line packet delays have been considered in existing scheduling methods, this maximum rate constraint has not been explicitly enforced. In this paper, we propose a new scheduling algorithm incorporating the maximum rate constraint. The proposed algorithm performs better in terms of delay distribution and percentage of dropped packets compared to existing algorithms that do not directly enforce the maximum rate constraint.


This paper outlines a nonintrusive vibration measurement method using standard, off-the-shelf commercial ultrasonic instruments designed for flaw detections, together with digital signal analysis techniques. This method was incorporated into a commercial package designed for nonintrusive check valve monitoring and has been extensively tested in both the laboratory and the field. It can detect valve disk flutter as small as 0.02-in. (0.50 mm) peak-to-peak, without disassembly of the valve. In simulated tests, it quantitatively measured, remotely and nonintrusively, stationary vibration amplitudes as small as 0.0001 in. (0.0025 mm). Other potential applications include in-service vibration monitoring of internal components of nuclear reactors, steam generators, heat exchangers, pumps and valves, and in the laboratory or in the field, when the vibration frequency is too low for accelerometers and the strain is too low for strain gages.


Summary Time invariant Radon operators are commonly used in seismic data processing for data regularization and multiple suppression. These operators use basis functions that match seismic data which enable it to focus events in the model domain. Resolution of estimated Radon models is negatively impacted by limited seismic aperture and incomplete data. Inversion using sparse priori by minimizing L1 or Cauchy model norm proved to be useful in enhancing Radon model resolution. However, sparse inversion can be susceptible for failure when erratic noise contaminates the data. In this paper we propose to add robustness to time domain Radon operators to handle erratic noise situations. A particular application for robust Radon inversion is de-blending of simultaneous source data. Robust Radon can handle incoherent (non Gaussian) blending noise that could hinder de-blending using Radon transforms.


Using the technology of split Hopkinson bar,the dynamic mechanical behavior of four kinds of typical microstructure of TC6 titanium alloy under the condition of high strain-rate loading have been studied and the effects of original microstructure on the dynamic mechanical behavior have been analyzed.It is showed that the stress of the four typical microstructure of TC6 titanium alloy displayed the same variation rule under the condition of high strain-rate loading.At the beginning of deformation,strain is less and stress is quickly increased.The subsequent stress vibrates with increase of the strain.When reached the peak,the flow stress gradually decreases with the increase of the strain and displays a steady-state flow.The final stage of deformation,the flow stress fast fall down.The flow stresses of the four kinds of microstructure of TC6 titanium alloy display the ascending tendency with the increase of the strain-rate under the condition of high strain-rate of 103s-1 order.All of four kinds of microstructure of TC6 titanium alloy are sensitive materials to the strain-rate,but their strain-rate effects are different.The TC6 alloy with lamellar microstructure displays higher sensibility to the strain-rate,whereas the TC6 alloy with the solution and aging microstructure displays lower sensibility to the strain-rate.The sensibility of the equiaxed microstructure to the strain-rate is similar to that of the binary microstructure.


To improve the quality of Chinese strong aromatic spirits, we must control the production mode and influencing factors during Chinese strong aromatic spirits production. This article discussed the influence of microbe, materials and production mode on the quality control of Chinese strong aromatic spirits.


Let [Formula: see text] be a ring and [Formula: see text] its automorphism. It is proved that the skew Laurent series ring [Formula: see text] is a right serial ring if and only if [Formula: see text] is a right serial right Artinian ring.


A new slump-loss-controlling agent was found that could control the slump retention time for more than 90 minutes with minimal setting retardation. This slump-loss-controlling agent was based on the polyether-grafted polymer in which the specific monomers were co-polymerized. Although this agent did show weak initial dispersing ability of cement particles just after the addition to cement slurry, it was decomposed in the alkaline condition of the cement slurry and gradually enhanced its dispersing ability, which made long retention of dispersability possible. Utilizing the technology of long polyether-grafted chains, which was previously reported to be very effective to disperse cement particles by steric repulsion, high dispersing retention ability with lower dosage and minimal setting retardation could be achieved. This slump-loss-controlling agent has already been used successfully worldwide. This technology will bring various possibilities and merits in concrete construction field such as shortening the construction period.


The utility model discloses a brewing container with a double-layer filter structure. The brewing container comprises a base, a water stop seat, a cup body and a filter device; the base is provided with a penetrating groove in a penetrating manner; the inner edge of the penetrating groove is convexly provided with a plurality of first lugs along the radial direction; the shape of the water stop seat is matched with the shape of the penetrating groove, and the bottom of the water stop seat is concavely provided with a plurality of guiding slopes; under the condition that the water stop seat is positioned in the penetrating groove, each first lug can be movably abutted against one end of a corresponding guiding slope; the water stop seat is provided with a plurality of flow passages in a penetrating manner, and the top of the water stop seat is provided with a water stop rod and at least one second lug; the bottom of the cup body is provided with a lower opening, and the lower opening extends downwards to form an embedding and clamping wall; the embedding and clamping wall can be abutted against the base and is embedded and clamped with the second lug. Therefore, in the brewing process, a user only needs to rotate the cup body to drive the water stop seat to rotate jointly so as to control the water stop rod to seal or open the lower opening, and liquid in the cup body flows out.


A model considering both rodlike molecules and platelike molecules is presented in this paper. The model is treated in the framework of a Landau mean-field theory and renormalization group theory. Mean-field theory predicts the transition between the isotropic, rod nematic, plate nematic, and biaxial nematic phases. The renormalization group analysis shows that the transition exhibits a multiphase bicritical point for n (dimensionality of the order parameter) ⩽2. However, for n>2, the transition exhibits a tetracritical point and an intermediate biaxial nematic phase can exist. The critical exponents are calculated to first order in e (=4−d).A model considering both rodlike molecules and platelike molecules is presented in this paper. The model is treated in the framework of a Landau mean-field theory and renormalization group theory. Mean-field theory predicts the transition between the isotropic, rod nematic, plate nematic, and biaxial nematic phases. The renormalization group analysis shows that the transition exhibits a multiphase bicritical point for n (dimensionality of the order parameter) ⩽2. However, for n>2, the transition exhibits a tetracritical point and an intermediate biaxial nematic phase can exist. The critical exponents are calculated to first order in e (=4−d).


Trachelomonas grandis Singh has a mucilaginous, highly porous mineralized lorica (envelope) generally without ornamentation except occasionally for a few short, tapered, anterior or posterior spines. However, as our first cultures of this species aged, rod‐shaped structures appeared on the loricas. That these surface projections were bacteria was determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The bacteria, 2‐6 μm long with rounded apices, were oriented perpendicular to the exterior lorica surface and were attached on one end by apically produced tie‐down fibers. The bacteria also secreted fibers over their entire surface, forming a network between them that collapsed during specimen preparation for scanning electron microscopy. The density of the surface bacteria increased with time until the lorica took on a "spiny" appearance superficially similar to lorica extensions of algal origin. In mature algal specimens, an estimated 1200‐1800 bacteria per lorica occurred as a monolayer, the maximum number related to the surface area of the lorica available for bacterial colonization. The bacteria, always motionless while attached, showed putative evidence of budding. Fission formed short chains of up to three cells on the lorica. Our cultures maintained this association for 8 years (1972‐1979). However, cultures ordered for further study in the past year have failed to develop loricas with more than just a few bacterial cells, and most have none.


This brief article gives an overview of screencasting and describes how it was used to create presentations for the Elisad Workshop 2006 and the course Five Weeks to a Social Library.


In the title complex, [CoCl2(C10H8N2)2]·3H2O, the Co(II) ion is situated on a twofold rotation axis and exhibits a slightly distorted octahedral geometry and is chelated by four N atoms of the two bidentate 2,2′-bipyridine ligands and two Cl− ions. The crystal packing is stabilized by hydrogen bonding formed between chloride ions and adjacent water molecules. One of the two independent water molecules in the asymmetric unit is disordered over two sets of sites, each on a twofold rotation axis, in a 0.734 (17):0.269 (17) ratio.


The literature on judicial politics has usually suggested that presidents could guarantee their influence over Supreme Courts' decisions provided that presidents nominate at least half of thebench. I argue, however, that this is not always the case, as in some courts, individual justices have primacy over the collectivebody. I develop a model that states that the control of the agenda power by individual justices is a determinant factor for understandingjudicial independence. The Brazilian Supreme Court serves as a goodcase, as there are several institutional rules that allow each justice to pause or change the result of a judgment, without consultinghis or her peers. My research design focuses on three cases studies ofthe court and 3,043 decisions, which I analyze using matching. Results showthat, when the government has a strong interest in a particular lawsuit, the probability of this lawsuit being halted by a SupremeCourt justice is higher. The fact that presidents can influenceindividual justices, and in turn these justices can affect thecourse of a lawsuit, sheds new light on the role that judicial independence has when considering presidents' influence over Supreme Court decisions.


ABSTRACT The present study focused on professionals' meaning-making support to young children (1–6 years old) anticipating and grieving the loss of a parent because of a severe, somatic disease. A two-phased interview study with palliative health-care professionals (11) and kindergarten teachers (18) provided data for a comparative analysis of professionals' contribution in making meaning about parental death across the contexts of palliative health care and kindergarten. The analysis focused on forms of interactions and resources for meaning making. Dialogues in the health systems centred on death and dying as natural, biomedical processes and relied on the dead or dying body as a context-specific resource for meaning making. The dialogues in the kindergarten centred on trying to understand the affected child's behaviour and emotional expressions together with the peer group.


Citation for published item: Mantilla, Brian S. and Paes, Lisvane S. and Pral, Elizabeth M. F. and Martil, Daiana E. and Thiemann, Otavio H. and Fern andez-Silva, Patricio and Bastos, Erick L. and Silber, Ariel M. (2015) 'Role of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase supports mitochondrial metabolism and host-cell invasion of trypanosoma cruzi.', Journal of biological chemistry., 290 (12). pp. 7767-7790.


Flows over a NU-0215 airfoil with and without flush mounted surface heating were analyzed with a two dimensional fourth order boundary layer code. Constant wall temperature and decreasing wall temperature heating cases were studied for different surface heating lengths. Boundary layer properties: tangential velocity, normal velocity, vorticity, transition location and separation location were presented for these temperature distributions. Modified boundary layer properties, due to heating are shown to persist well after heating is stopped, even when the flow is turbulent. These boundary layer results also indicate that with the proper selection of surface temperature variation and length transition can be delayed. C, = P = '-0 R = Re = Re, = S = tj = T = u = v = 9 = Nomenclature pressure coefficient pressure body radius radial coordinate Reynolds number vorticity Reynolds number tangential coordinate transverse curvature term static temperature tangential component of velocity normal component of velocity stretched y-coordinate Y = normal coordinate Z = axial body coordinate i = vorticity/Ue q = non-dimensional normal coordinate p = molecular viscosity < = transformed tangential coordinate p = density


The electron-diffusion Seebeck coefficient of metals and dilute alloys is investigated in a simple model in which free electrons are scattered by phonons or by substitutional impurities bound in the lattice. Second-order corrections to the $T$ matrix for electron scattering involving intermediate virtual phonon states are found to be of small magnitude but to have a very strong energy dependence. They thus make a large contribution to the thermoelectric coefficients while leaving the conductivities essentially unaltered. The pronounced temperature dependence of these second-order contributions allows an interpretation of experimental results that relies less on the phonomenon of phonon drag then has previously been the case.


Background: 18F-FDG PET is performed in preset time model. Generally, the longer the acquisition time we set, the better the image quality we get. However, a prolonged acquisition time is associated with a decreased patient throughput and an increased risk of motion artifacts. In order to insure an acceptable image quality as well as a decreased acquisition time, we used list mode acquisition and statistic methods to find out an optimal acquisition time. Methods: Thirty 18F-FDG PET positive intra-abdominal lesions were acquired with list mode acquisition. ROIs were selected manually and SUV(subscript max) and SUV(subscript mean) were obtained. The ratios of SUVs in the lesion and background were calculated. We used Pearson's correlation coefficient, Kendall's tau-b correlation, and Spearman rho correlation to find the correlation between the resulted SUV ratios from different acquisition time of 0.5 to 9 min with what from 10 min. Then we used the paired t-test and nonparametric tests to find the optimal acquisition time. Results: As to the ratios of SUV(subscript max) of the lesions and background, there was significant difference in comparing those from acquisition time of 0.5 to 3 min with those from acquisition time of 10 min. If acquisition time was longer than 3 min, there was no significant difference. Conclusion: In 18F-FDG PET studies, acquisition time less than 3 min should be avoided.


Conclusion Thus far our experiments have lad us to believe that we can produce lung abscess with a fairly high degree of success and the method many perhaps furnish further experimental evidence in favor of the embolic theory of lung abscess.


HighlightsEvaporation from clear water, manure, and separated liquid manure was 4.6 mm d-1 on average.Straw, foam, geotextile, and roof covers decreased evaporation by 54%, 53%, 31%, and 21%, respectively.Albedo was highest for floating foam covers and lowest for metal roof covers.Straw, foam, and geotextile increased manure temperature compared to uncovered manure. ABSTRACT. Evaporation is a key component of the surface energy budget of liquid manure. Models rely on accurate energy budgets to predict manure temperature, which in turn is used to model temperature-dependent greenhouse gas emissions from liquid manure storages. Due to lack of data, it has been assumed that liquid manure has similar evaporative properties to water; however, this assumption may be inaccurate. Many factors, including manure crusting, covers, and turbidity, are all likely to affect the surface energy budget and the evaporation rate. This experiment investigated the differences in evaporation between eight treatments, including water, dyed water, raw and separated liquid manure, and four commonly used covers (straw, geotextile, foam, and roof), by measuring weekly evaporation. Albedo, surface temperatures, and internal temperatures were also measured to determine treatment effects. Over the 10-week study, no significant difference was found between the evaporation rates of water, raw manure, and separated liquid manure, with an average rate of 4.6 mm d-1. Notably, the raw manure did not form a consistent surface crust, which may explain the similarities in evaporation rates in this study and is unlikely to represent manure with a crust. Overall, covers significantly decreased evaporative losses by between 21% and 54% compared to uncovered raw manure. Average evaporation rates of the covered treatments were 1.9 mm d-1 for straw cover, 2.0 mm d-1 for foam cover, 2.9 mm d-1 for geotextile cover, and 3.4 mm d-1 under a roof cover. Similarities between each treatment and water as well as between the four covered treatments and the uncovered raw manure were found using linear regression on weekly evaporation. Generally, the uncovered treatments were more similar and could be predicted (high R2) by multiple linear regression with environmental variables, while the covered treatments differed more and were not as well predicted (lower R2). Results from this study can help adjust evaporation rates in biophysical models to improve estimates of manure temperature, tank holding capacity, and emission predictions. Keywords: Evaporation, Dairy manure, Liquid manure, Manure covers, Manure management.


Soft robots have more passive degrees of freedom (DoFs) than rigid-body robots, which makes controller design difficult. Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising tool to resolve control problems in soft robotics alongside detailed and elaborate modeling. However, the adaptation of RL to soft robots requires consideration of the unique nature of soft bodies. In this work, a continuum robot arm is used as an example of a soft robot, and we propose an Ensembled Light-weight model-Free reinforcement learning Network (ELFNet), which is an RL framework with a computationally light ensemble. We demonstrated that the proposed system could learn control policies for a continuum robot arm to reach target positions using its tip not only in simulations but also in the real world. We used a pneumatically controlled continuum robot arm that operates with nine flexible rubber artificial muscles. Each artificial muscle can be controlled independently by pressure control valves, demonstrating that the policy can be learned using a real robot alone. We found that our method is more suitable for compliant robots than other RL methods because the sample efficiency is better than that of the other methods, and there is a significant difference in the performance when the number of passive DoFs is large. This study is expected to lead to the development of model-free RL in future soft robot control.


Objective of the study is to know the effect of Qur'an murottal therapy toward pain of the burned patients in the surgical room at RSUD Prabumulih year 2017. The study used pre-experimental one group pretest-posttest. Population of the study was all the burned patients grade II treated in the surgical room at RSUD Prabumulih. The researcher used nonprobability sampling method with consecutive sampling to select 15 respondents. The results showed that the pain average scale of the patients was 5.73. After getting the murottal therapy, the pain average scale changed into 3.73. The result of paired t-test with p-value 0.001 > α = 0.05. There is an effect of Qur'an murottal therapy toward pain of the burned patients in the surgical room at RSUD Prabumulih year 2017.


To meet targets for sustainability, member states of the European Union must reduce consumption of raw materials, promote recycling and reduce the amount of waste disposed by landfill. The UK construction industry has reduced the use of primary aggregate by 31% and increased by 44% the use of recycled and secondary aggregate over the past decade. The UK government has introduced a levy on primary aggregates and a tax on landfill waste. This paper outlines the initial findings of a research project at the University of Ulster to develop the use of gully waste extracted from roadside gullys. This is a fine non-inert material with potential to pollute and so attracts higher taxes when sent to landfill. The suitability of this material as a secondary aggregate source to replace the fine aggregate content of bituminous mixes is assessed for two types of hot mix asphalt i.e. sand asphalt and hot rolled asphalt. The findings indicate that addition of dried gully waste fine aggregate may improve the stiffness and fatigue properties of the hot mix asphalt.


Early postoperative inflammatory small bowel obstruction (EPISBO), an intestinal obstruction, can be caused by mechanical and dynamic factors of edema and effusion of the intestinal wall, injury and aseptic inflammation after the early post-operation of abdominal surgery. A comprehensive understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of this disease can help decrease the incidence and improve the cure rate.

Key words:
Inflammatory intestinal obstruction; Early post-operation; Pathogenesis; Diagnosis; Treatment


Diffusion bonding is an effective way to join beryllium with other materials. To study the elements diffusion on the bonding interface to improve the joints performance, the microstructure, and the distribution of composition and phase on the interface of Be/Cu/00Cr17Ni14Mo2 stainless steel diffusion bonding were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), scanning auger microscopy (SAM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and the elements diffusion on the interface and the relationship between phases distribution and microstructure were also discussed. The result show that the original interface of Be/Cu diffusion bonding is the most weak site of the whole diffusion bonding zone and the fracture site of specimen. Dissimilar metal atoms gather first in the grain boundary and form intermetallic compounds, and the grain boundary or intermetallic compounds are the main gateway of the elements diffusion. The copper interlayer has greatly hindered the interdiffusion between stainless steel elements and beryllium, so the formation of intermetallic compounds between beryllium and stainless steel elements are avoided effectively to improve the diffusion bonding joints strength. Introduction In these years, scholars carried on a lot of research on diffusion bonding of dissimilar metals, which focused mainly on diffusion bonding of dissimilar metals with[1-5] and without[6-8] an interlayer material. Beryllium is a reactor material, because it has the lowest Z, relatively high thermal conductivity, low activation, etc. Diffusion bonding is an effective way to join beryllium with other materials. With the process, joining of materials is achieved through atomic transport and mechanical processes at the bonding interface. It is difficult to bond beryllium with 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 stainless steel, because beryllium is very brittle, and beryllium with the main elements of 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 stainless steel easily form brittle intermetallic compounds in the process of diffusion bonding. Therefore, copper interlayer between beryllium and 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 stainless steel is used to reduce the mutual diffusion between beryllium and stainless steel eliments, and the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds. In this paper, the elements diffusion on the interface of Be/Cu/ 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 stainless steel diffusion bonding in terms of the microstructure and the distribution of elements and phases have been investigated, and good joint can be obtained using copper as an interlayer material. Experimental Procedure Materials and Specimens Beryllium specimens are made of hot-pressed beryllium, which composition show in Table 1. The 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 stainless steel (SS) is the austenite antihydrogen stainless steel and the impurity total contents is less than 0.17%, which the main alloying elements content show in Table 2. Bars of Beryllium and SS are 10 mm in diameter and 5 mm in height. Diffusion bonding was achieved by 4th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Information Technology Applications (ICMMITA 2016) Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Computer Science Research, volume 71


Interdisciplinary and unconventional research methods offer important insights into geomorphic, hydrologic and hydroclimatologic characteristics of large floods that are often difficult or impossible to resolve in the framework of conventional flood analysis. Four detailed studies of modern floods, historical floods, and paleofloods in western and central Arizona demonstrate the benefits of analyzing recent and historical extreme floods within the conceptual framework of paleoflood hydrology and flood hydroclimatology. Analysis of the hydroclimatological and paleohydrological context of extreme flooding in Arizona during the winter of 1993 provides a detailed analog to the likely climatic, meteorologic, and hydrologic conditions associated with the largest events in the regional paleoflood record. Investigation of the distribution of relict high-water evidence from extreme floods on the lower Verde River in 1993 improves the accuracy of the river's paleoflood record and reveals interesting hydrological phenomena of extreme floods in the Verde River Basin. A multidisciplinary study of the extraordinarily large Bronco Creek, Arizona, flood of August 1971, shows the original estimate to be significantly overestimated because of complex flow behavior of an extreme flood and the related dynamic morphological response of a high-gradient alluvial channel. The approach to this study is a template for similar analyses of extreme floods and extraordinary flood discharge estimates. A similar, more comprehensive application of paleoflood research methods is demonstrated by the compilation of a detailed regional chronology of flash-flooding in small desert drainage


Veranopolis and Kite for the presence or absence of awns (Table 4) and the gene for Septaria resistance is not linked to it. The inheritance of the awnless character of Lance does not appear simple when crossed to Israel 493 making it difficult to detect linkage. (4) Rillo, A. O. (1968) Genetics of resistance to wheat leaf blotch (Septaria iritici Rob ex. Desm.) Part I. Inheritance of resistance to Septaria tritlcl in Triticum aestivum spp. vutqere var. Bulgaria 88. Part II. Cytogenetic studies of resistance to Septaria iritioi in an Agrolicum derivative. Dissertation Abstracts 288: 4378.


The formation and development of everything can not be separated from a certain driving force.The direct reason of the production of laws lies in the control of human nature and confirmation of private property.It is also the inveitable result of the movement of the basic social contradictories and involves the initiative of jurists.


A study was conducted during 1996 at Pusa to evaluate the potential toxicity hazards of nitrate-N in ground water, the nitrate-N content was estimated in water samples from different sources like wells, hand pumps, ponds and tube wells located in areas receiving domestic sewage-sludge of low intensity (Pusa), municipal sewage-sludge (Patna), fertilizer factory effiuents (Barauni) and intensive chemical fertilization (Samastipur). The NO3-N contents or the soils of these areas were also estimated to evaluate the mobil ity of NO3-N. Most of the water samples' collected from Barauni contained more than 10 mg/litre nitrate-N maki ng them unsafe tor potable use. Water samples from the wells situated in the city sludge disposal area of Patna was also judged unsafe. The water from tube wells and pumps was, however, safe for consumption. A good deal of nitrate-N enrichment was observed up to 90 cm soil depth in the cases where organic wastes were continuously disposed and nitrogenous fertilizers were applied in heavy doses. Implications of continuous disposal of organic wastes and application of high levels of N fertilizers in relation to nitrate-N of ground water contamination with nitrate-N is discussed.


Dark forest (DF) is the first successful decentralized real-time strategy (RTS) game. Based on smart contracts, the game explores the application possibilities of new technologies, and prefigures the operation of the social system in the metaverse era. In this study, we collect on-chain data from DF, map player behavior, and discuss players' game asset management, combat strategies in extreme mode, and the game's exit mechanism. We believe that blockchain games, such as DF, can be viewed as a new technological space with metaverse characteristics, in which individuals art free to challenge centralized social structures using decentralized technology while subjected to more secret postmodern social surveillance.


A process for the manufacture of acicular magnetic iron oxide consisting of core of gamma-iron(III) oxide and a ferrite shell which contains, based on the total amount of magnetic material, from 0.2 to 12 per cent by weight of cobalt(II) ions and from 0.1 to 15 per cent by weight of iron(II) ions, wherein a precipitate of cobalt(II) hydroxide and iron (II) hydroxide is applied to acicular gamma-iron(III) oxide particles and the latter are heated at 100 DEG -200 DEG C.


Work-related injury insurance (WII) has undergone a long period of rapid growth in China. Therefore, its sustainability, funding, and system of payments deserve serious attention. By analyzing the changes of the numbers of insured, the number of compensated, and the cumulative balance of WII Fund, this article systematically reviews and summarizes the various stages of the development of WII in China. The relationship between the WII Fund's revenue and expenditure between 1997 and 2018 is analyzed using statistical methods, including the augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) unit root test, the cointegration test, the Granger causality test and an error correction model. Since 1996, China's WII has been repeatedly adjusted and constantly growing. Our empirical evidence shows that there is a long-term equilibrium and cointegration relationship between the WII Fund's revenue and expenditure. Revenue is the Granger cause of expenditure, but it does not conform to the fund-raising principle. WII Fund has a large accumulated balance over the years, which violates the principles of fund management and has caused considerable controversy. China's WII has undergone several regulatory upgrades and management mode adjustments to better ensure its sustainable development. The fund has maintained a basic balance of revenue and expenditure. Nevertheless, at present, China's WII Fund is facing the pressure of declining fund balance and, as such, medium- and long-term development risks deserve careful attention. As there is no sufficient literature on WII Fund management, this study is a valuable contribution to the existing body of knowledge.


Radio communication system in an underground mine is one of the very essential systems for the underground mine. It is required that the radio communication system must be reliable from the starting to construct the underground mine to the closure of the mine. However, underground mine radio communication systems reliability is required to be tested on an active radio communication system in a real environment. In the study was suggested a new research methodology that is studied reliability using dynamic system modeling on Vensim software instead of traditional method to study the reliability of radio communication systems calculating large-scale differential equations. In other words, we suggest a new research methodology. The Motorola Dimetra (TETRA) radio communication system's availability readiness information was used to simulate the reliability of the underground mine radio communication system probability of reliability using Vensim software for system dynamic modeling.Also, the factors that affect the reliability of underground mining radio communication systems was studied. The study was determined factors that affect the underground mine radio communication system from the following risks. The study was in the examples of the Oyu Tolgoi underground mine. The factors that affect the reliable operation of the underground mine radio communication system were determined using the failure statistics of TETRA radio communication system in the Oyu Tolgoi mine in 2015-2018.


The production and profitability of cotton has been greatly improved by the development and release of genetically-modified, herbicide-tolerant cultivars, particularly those resistant to glyphosate (http://www.agbioforum.org/v8n23/v8n23a15-brookes.pdf, http://www.pgeconomics.co.uk/index.php). Since its commercial introduction in 1996, glyphosate-resistant (GR) cotton has been grown on an increasing number of acres worldwide; recent data indicates that approximately 70% of the global cotton crop is planted with GR cultivars. The proposed benefits of GR crop technology include: improved weed control (including difficult-to-control flora, such as perennials and volunteer crop plants) and reduced crop injury, which can lead to higher crop productivity. The adoption of GR cultivars has also allowed US cotton growers to engage in conservation tillage (CT). This transition has been especially beneficial for farmers in the SE Coastal Plain, where the soils are sandy, compacted, nutrient-poor, and have low moisture-holding capacities.


Objective:To establish the HPLC chromatographic fingerprint analysis for the quality control of Phyllanthus urinaria.Method: RP-HPLC Method was applied to establish the chromatographic fingerprint.Corilagin was used as the internal reference peak.The separation was performed on a Kromasil C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) with a gradient elution composed of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphate acid(0.1∶100).The column temperature was set at 30 ℃ and the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1.The detective wavelength was at 280 nm.Hierarchical clustering analysis was performed with SPSS 16.0.similarity of HPLC fingerprint was performed on the Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine(2009).Result: Twenty-one characteristic peaks were established in the fingerprint,and six peaks were identified.14 batches s of P.urinaria.could be divided into two grades through the results of hierarchical clustering analysis.The mutual model was established and the similarities were calculated.The similarity of 12 samples in all the 14 samples was more than 0.90.Conclusion: The method is simple and accurate with good reproducibility.It can be used for the quality control of P.urinaria.


Topicality. Bedsores are an urgent problem of modern medicine both at the outpatient and inpatient stage. For the treatment of infected bedsores it is advisable to use drugs that have a complex effect focused on various parts of the pathological process. For the treatment of chronic wounds and bedsores together with the inhibition of the growth of microorganisms the drug must provide the optimal conditions for the growth of granulation, have a reparative and anti-inflammatory effect.
Aim. To experimentally substantiate the composition of the gel base with hyaluronic acid and decamethoxine.
Materials and methods. To select the structure-forming component in the gel base, the possibility of using "Ultrez 10 NF" carbomer, "Aristoflex AVC" (copolymer of acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid and vinyl pyrrolidone) from Clariant Surfactants company, "Structure XL" (hydropropylated corn starch) as a gelling agent was studied. Organoleptic, physicochemical, structural and mechanical parameters of gel model samples were determined according to the methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The statistical processing of the results was performed using the Statistica 6.0 program.
Results and discussion. The choice of the optimal gelling agent was performed taking into account the results of the study of organoleptic, physicochemical, structural and mechanical parameters of gel model samples. The experimental studies conducted allowed to choose the optimal gelling agent – "Aristoflex AVC" in the concentration of 1 %. It is easily dispersed with water and does not require the addition of a neutralizer. It has been proven that the base selected has the optimal consumer, structural-mechanical, and physicochemical properties.
Conclusions. Based on the organoleptic, physicochemical, structural-mechanical studies the composition of the gel base with hyaluronic acid and decamethoxine has been experimentally substantiated.


Abstract Polyelectrolyte complex based on chitosan and xanthan gum and containing the anti-inflammatory indomethacin at three different concentrations were developed with the intent of using these drug-loaded membranes as bioactive wound dressings. The resulting incorporation efficiency of indomethacin into the membranes was above 95%. The drug-loaded membranes were quite stable and exhibited a high degree of swelling in aqueous solutions. Studies of drug release in phosphate buffer saline solutions indicated that the formulation containing 20 mg of drug per gram of biopolymer is able to release the expected topical dosage in 6 h, thus showing a potential for biomedical application. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Technological innovation is a complex system. There are complex characteristic of openness, dynamic, nonlinearity, fluctuation and indetermination in the system. From the perspective of system theory this paper illuminates the self-organization characteristics of technological innovation system and analyzes the self-organization mechanisms of the innovation process and characteristics of instability, the multiplicity (branch), the sudden change and stochastic "the fluctuation" and constructs the self-organization model of technological innovation then carries on the confirmation with statistical software to the model fitting degree and the model parameters, using the data of China communication market, obtains the quite satisfied result. This model has realized the integration of the natural sciences and the social sciences, and has more in-depth understanding about the achieve mechanism and the evolutionary process of the technological innovation and diffusion.


Autopsy findings of a young boy presenting with high-grade fever,cough, and respiratory distress and with a family history of tuberculosis are described.


Virtual enterprise is a new formation of organization.In virtual enterprise,the management of partner relationship is very important.Traditional methods such as contract are not enough for the success of virtual enterprises.The partners need to develop trust relation- ship.This paper introduces the sources of building trust relationship during the life cycle of virtual enterprise.It also analyses the background and situation in China,and gives some advices from macro and microscopic aspects on how to establishing virtual enterprise trusting relationship.


The biocybernetic loop describes the data processing protocol at the heart of all physiological computing systems. The loop also encompasses the goals of the system design with respect to the anticipated impact of the adaptation on user behaviour. There are numerous challenges facing the designer of a biocybernetic loop in terms of measurement, data processing and adaptive design. These challenges are multidisciplinary in nature spanning psychology and computer science. This paper is concerned with the design process of the biocybernetic loop. A number of criteria for an effective loop are described followed by a six-stage design cycle. The challenges faced by the designer at each stage of the design process are exemplified with reference to a case study where EEG data were used to adapt a computer game.


So, how can patients be distracted from the pain of an injection? Many tactics have been tried,including cartoons, hypnosis, music, jokes, and counter-pressure, but doctors now report high success rates with a simple cost-free, and risk-free strategy, that requires no specialist equipment—coughing.

As the needle comes into contact with the skin, the patient is urged to cough vigorously. That cough, say the doctors, in an article published online ahead of print in the British Journal ofPlastic Surgery (www.bjps.com), may provide distraction and momentarily increase blood pressure. The authors say that it has been established …


PURPOSE
Introducing Monte Carlo based dose calculation algorithms into proton therapy planning systems (TPS) leads to improved accuracy. However accurate modelling of the proton pencil beam impinging the patient is necessary. Current approaches rely on measurement-driven reconstruction of phase-space and spectrum properties, typically constrained to analytical model functions. In this study a detailed Monte Carlo model of the complete cyclotron-based delivery system was created with the aim of providing more representative beam properties at treatment position.

METHODS
A model of the Varian Probeam proton system from the cyclotron exit to isocenter was constructed in the TOPAS Monte Carlo framework. The beam evolution through apertures and magnetic elements was validated using Transport/Turtle calculations and additionally against measurements from the Probeam™ system at Scripps Proton Therapy Center (SPTC) in San Diego, CA. A voxelized water phantom at isocenter allowed for comparison of the dose-depth curve from the Probeam model with that of a corresponding Gaussian beam over the entire energy range (70-240 MeV). Measurements of relative beam fluence cross-profiles and depth-dose curves at and around isocenter were also compared to the MC results.

RESULTS
The simulated TOPAS beam envelope was found to agree with both the Transport/Turtle and measurements to within 5% for most of the beamline. The MC predicted energy spectrum at isocenter was found to deviate increasingly from Gaussian at energies below 160 MeV. The corresponding effects on the depth dose curve agreed well with measurements.

CONCLUSION
Given the flexibility of TOPAS and available details of the delivery system, an accurate characterization of a proton pencil beam at isocenter is possible. Incorporation of the MC derived properties of the proton pencil beam can eliminate analytical approximations and ultimately increase treatment plan accuracy and quality. Both authors are employees of Varian Medical Systems.


Major works in the world is carried out in automation. Manual labor is being reduced due to certain factors like staff maintenance charges which includes wages and incentives, safety and precautionary measures, enormous requirement of products, fast action, human errors etc. In this automation era, various control techniques are developed which required manpower or supervision. This review paper consists of Part I Introduction representing the present scenario developed in modern era. Part II describes the Role of controllers in industries. Part III explains the different control techniques like conventional P/PI/PID controllers, Model Predictive Control, Fuzzy Logic, Neural Network, Reinforcement Learning, Deep learning control strategies. Part IV identifies the constraints faced in each technique and the development to other methods. Furthermore, future work section concludes by the upcoming advancements like RNN to forecast the action required in the area of process control. This review holds an insight to the researchers to enhance the level of development to meet the industry requirements.


The Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution has started negotiations on the revision of its Gothenburg multi-pollutant/multi-effect protocol. To inform negotiations about the scope for further cost-effective measures, the EMEP Centre for Integrated Assessment Modelling (CIAM) has presented to the 48th Session of the Working Group on Strategies and Review a series of emission control scenarios that illustrate options for cost-effective improvements of air quality in Europe (Amann et al., 2011). After review of these initial calculations, 24 Parties have provided updated information on their national emission inventories and projections to CIAM.

This report presents updated emission control scenarios that would achieve the environmental targets laid out in the CIAM 1/2011 report, taking into account this new information. In general, the analysis with the updated information confirms - at an aggregated level - the cost-effective allocation of measures that has been presented in the earlier report. However, for a few countries, scenarios and pollutants, changes are significant.

The report suggests a substantial scope for further environmental improvement through additional technical emission reduction measures. Cost-effective emission control scenarios are presented for five different sets of environmental targets on air quality. These targets cover a range from 25% to 75% of the feasible improvements for each effect, and they involve additional emission control costs between 0.6 and 10.6 billion Euros/year over the entire modelling domain (on top of the costs of the baseline scenario). Between 50 and 60% of costs emerge for the EU-countries. However, since the EU-27 includes 72% of total population and 88% of GDP in the modelling domain, these scenarios imply higher relative efforts for some non-EU countries. A substantial share of the environmental improvements could be achieved with a limited set of measures.

A comparison with the national activity projections reveals that the emission ceilings that have been optimized for the Europe-wide (PRIMES/CAPRI) activity projections are, with very few exceptions, within the emission ranges that could be achieved for the national activity projections. Potential conflicts occur only for countries where national projections employ fundamentally different assumptions on the future development in the various sectors.

Negotiations on national emission ceilings should consider, in addition to the cost-effective sets of national emission caps outlined in this report, uncertainties and systematic differences in the base year inventories reported by Parties, especially if they rely on different sources of statistical information and include different source categories.


Acacias are invasive Fabaceae species that can be composted to produce organic amendments and horticultural sub- strates. With this aim, big piles were set up with ground and screened acacia residues and pine bark, and managed with different turning frequency, to analyze the physicochemical characteristics during composting and to model the breakdown of acacia organic matter (OM). Temperatures were >60 o C for several months, indicating pathogen inactiva- tion, seed destruction and high amount of biodegradable OM (600-620 g kg -1


Task offloading and resource allocation are the major elements of edge computing. A reasonable task offloading strategy and resource allocation scheme can reduce task processing time and save system energy consumption. Most of the current studies on the task migration of edge computing only consider the resource allocation between terminals and edge servers, ignoring the huge computing resources in the cloud center. In order to sufficiently utilize the cloud and edge server resources, we propose a coarse-grained task offloading strategy and intelligent resource matching scheme under Cloud-Edge collaboration. We consider the heterogeneity of mobile devices and inter-channel interference, and we establish the task offloading decision of multiple end-users as a game-theory-based task migration model with the objective of maximizing system utility. In addition, we propose an improved game-theory-based particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain task offloading strategies. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms other schemes with respect to latency and energy consumption, and it scales well with increases in the number of mobile devices.


Hart, Atkins, Markey, and Youniss (2004) reported an investi-gation of the ''youth-bulge'' phenomenon: the historical linkbetween communities highly saturated with children and polit-ical upheaval. In Studies 1 and 2, they analyzed U.S. nationalsurvey data and found that neighborhoods with relatively highproportionsofchildrentoadultstendtocontain(a)relativelyhighnumbers of youththat have low levels of civic knowledge and(b)relatively high numbers of youth that volunteer for civic service.The authors asserted that these results demonstrate that theapparent heightened political activism of youth brought up incommunities with large populations of children is a result ofsocialization processes that produce youth prone to both lowlevels of civic knowledge and high levels of civic participation.The authors argued that


Analysis of the support network and the social support in perception of users and professionals of the basic social protection. This article analyzes the articulations of the Support Network and the different functions of Social Support for Basic Social Protection users, through the perception of CRAS workers and their users, in Porto Alegre (RS). The interviews were analyzed using Thematic Analysis and the results were codified, contrasting the professionals' and the users' perceptions. The results indicate an early weakening of family ties and a reordering of the Support Network through new links with the extended family and the community, as a strategy of coping, in users' life history. Regarding the informal system, the religious institutions are related to the material support, while in the formal systems, the professionals of Social Assistance play an important source of emotional support, inserting themselves in the Support Network, highlighting the narratives, both for users and for professionals.


Conventional Electric Power Utilities during the expansion of an existing Substation with latest protective relays, normally face problem with interoperability among protective devices IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices) supplied by different manufacturers and also in interlacing the Protection with Process and automation.


The most common explanation for the depletion of high frequency waves that defines low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) and very low‐frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) is that fault rupture and slip are slower than typical earthquakes. However, it is difficult to rule out the possibility that the high frequency waves are produced during slip, but attenuated near the LFE source. One reason this hypothesis has been poorly tested is that there are no measurements of attenuation on the relevant rocks. We present the results of forced oscillation experiments that measure the frequency‐dependent attenuation of a chlorite‐rich metapelitic schist, a lithology found along the subduction plate boundary where LFEs and VLFEs have been documented. Experiments were run on dry and water‐saturated schist at effective pressures of 2–10 MPa and at frequencies of 2 × 10−5–30 Hz. We find that pore fluids and low effective pressure result in the attenuation of high frequencies. The frequency‐dependent attenuation is consistent with the concomitant operation of two wave‐induced fluid flow mechanisms, squirt flow, and patchy saturation. When the effects of these mechanisms are extrapolated to geologic conditions using rock physics models, our results predict that attenuation is capable of completely diminishing the frequencies depleted in LFEs and VLFEs. Therefore, LFEs and VLFEs may not necessarily record slow fault slip, but possibly the presence of high fluid pressure.


In the Tang Dynasty, different region in Henan has different grain production. All the Zhou and Fu except Shenzhou and Guangzhou in Henan teem with millet and are the best place for millet in the Tang Dynasty. Moreover, most parts of Henan are the important field for wheat. Due to the limitation of weather and water source, the rice is only planted in a few Zhou and Counties. Since the condition for the rotation and multiple croping of main grains is possible, the rotation and multiple croping has developed to some extent in Henan.


This article deals with problems with which commercial finance companies and banks engaged in secured commercial financing may be confronted in case of the borrower's bankruptcy, in so far as they relate to the protection and enforcement of the collateral. It bears mainly on the practical aspects of the problems, although it necessarily touches on certain of their legal aspects. In consequence, and because of the nature of our treatment, it will not contain that abundance of source-material which the practitioner or the student of legal doctrine customarily expects to find in a law-review article.


Consumers needs and desires to food products are growing fast so food industries must
develop products according to the wishes and needs of consumers. The kano method is
used to identify the needs and expectations of users through preference classification
techniques. The classification is useful to guide the new product design decision. The
kano model is typically used in activities such as identification of consumers' needs,
determination of functional requirements, development of concept and analysis of
competitive products. Dawet is a coconut milk-based drink that is usually added with
brown sugar. The emergence of various types of new beverage products challenge the
producers to develop the dawet that meet consumers want, especially young consumers
who are more interested in the modern beverage. The purposes of this study are to
determine the dawet attributes that consumers want and to provide suggestions in efforts
to develop product needed by consumers. This study used a kano method to categorize
the attributes of consumers needs of the dawet based on kano category. The study was
conducted on 100 young respondents (15-25 years) and 100 adult respondents (40-50
years). The results of this study show that the attributes need to be added to the dawet in
order to increase young consumers satisfaction are preservative-free attributes,
convenience packaging attributes, and easy-to-carry attributes. Meanwhile, in order to
increase adult consumers satisfaction, the attributes need to be added to the dawet are
varied flavored attributes, preservative-free attributes, convenience packaging attributes,
and easy-to-carry attributes.


This study was undertaken in order to establish what changes of temperature occurred during the normal menstrual cycle of 115 fertile women. Temperature charts of 1134 cycles were provided by the patients. Out of this number 1088 cycles showed the rise in temperature which is associated with ovulation. Although there was a wide variation in time the commonest time for the rise was 13 days before the onset of next menstruation. When it is desired to know the time of ovulation either to promote or to avoid conception it is insufficent to rely on calculations based on the expected date of the menstrual period; temperature recordings must be made in order to ascertain when ovulation is occurring.


It is well known that biological systems utilize communication in some form, one prolific example of this is the propagation of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) in the human body. By modeling HIV infection as a communication system, we hope to gain a unique insight into HIV and biological communication systems in general. Such a model would provide researchers a platform for experimenting and simulating various biological communication systems. We have previously developed a layered communication protocol for interpreting biological communication systems using telecommunications paradigms and will apply said model to HIV proliferation. We will also demonstrate the effectiveness of the model by formulating a telecommunications-based mathematical model, and by implementing a simulation of HIV infection based on direct interpretation of this layered protocol. iii DEDICATION I would like to thank my advisers Drs. Tadeusz and Beata Wysocki who have been the driving and creative force behind my work and my family Tim, Cindy, and Andrew for their continued unconditional support. Thank you.


For decades, tropical sea cucumber fisheries have centered on the Indo-Pacific region (Shepherd et al. 2004; Tuwo 2004; Uthicke 2004) and have only recently developed in Latin America (Toral-Granda 2008). This expansion is mostly dictated by a sustained demand from Asian markets, especially China (Yang et al. 2015). Despite the fact that this is a fast-growing sector, relatively little is known about the sea cucumber industry in Central and South America. Only a few countries (e.g. Cuba, Peru, Chile, Mexico and Ecuador) have regulated fisheries, and provide production data (ToralGranda 2008); for example, for Isostichopus fuscus in Baja California, Mexico (Aguila-Ibarra and Ramirez-Soberón 2002). To our knowledge, reviews of sea cucumbers in Latin America (e.g. Toral-Granda 2008; Anderson et al. 2011) do not provide any information about the state of sea cucumber resources and harvests in Brazil. This contribution aims to report on the occurrence of sea cucumber fisheries, and describe common practices to collect and process sea cucumbers in northeastern Brazil, thereby adding one new species of sea cucumber (Holothuria grisea) to the list of commercial species known around the globe (Purcell et al. 2013; Leite-Castro et al. in press). Sea cucumber fisheries in Northeast Brazil


Multi-agent systems have been gaining attention among robotics researchersdue to their capabilities, in terms of which they surpass individualrobots. Such systems, however, entail an increase in co ...


Background: failure to earn minimum grade in each lesson and semester, and increasing of education duration is an important concern in educational systems.
Objective: Recognition of the causes of academic failure is necessary; so this study was performed to determine the status and related factors of course retaking, probation and graduation delay in alumni of Kashan health Faculty.
Methods: During thirteen years, all of health majors alumni in Kashan Health Faculty (n= 1455) were selected through census in this cross-sectional study. Data, including demographic data, education duration, course retaking was gathered by a questionnaire, and probation status. frequency of course retaking, probation and graduation delay were calculated; chi-square, fisher exact test, logistic regression , crude and adjusted odds ratio were used for analyzing the status of probable risk factors.
Findings: frequency of probation, delay in graduating and course retaking were %4.5, %13.3 and %24.4 respectively. The utmost probation frequency was related to second and then first semester. Low average score high school grade, lack of private education, being married, transfer from other universities, not being native, the field of study and admittance quotas were identified as the major related factors of educational drop-out.
Conclusion: Demographic variables, educational background and admittance criteria are the related factors of educational drop-out. Therefore, with regard to their role, it is necessary to revise the accepting strategies and to identify at risk students and support them.
Keywords: educational drop-out, probation, course retaking, graduation delay


Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) complements the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) to stabilize the retinal image during head rotation. OKN is driven by the ON direction-selective ganglion cells (ON DSGCs), a rare class of retinal output neuron that encodes both the direction and speed of global retinal slip. The cells and synaptic circuits that give ON DSGCs their directional tuning are well known, but those dictating their slow-speed preference (and thus OKN's) remain enigmatic. Here, we probe this circuit through patch recordings, functional imaging, genetic manipulation, and serial electron microscopic reconstruction in mouse retina. We confirm earlier evidence that feedforward glycinergic inhibition is the main suppressor of ON DSGC responses to fast motion and reveal a surprising source for this inhibition ─ the VGluT3 amacrine cell, a retinal interneuron that releases both glycine and glutamate, exciting some neurons and inhibiting others. We find that VGluT3 cells respond robustly to fast global motion and that their output reaches most RGC types, as well as a diverse group of amacrine and bipolar cells. They enhance the response of ON-OFF DSGCs to fast motion, while suppressing it in ON DSGCs. Together, our results identify a novel role for VGluT3 cells, limiting the range of retinal slip speeds that drive image-stabilizing eye movements. More broadly, they suggest VGluT3 cells shape the response of many RGCs and amacrine cells to fast motion.


The in vitro lymphocyte stimulation of 17 milk-allergic and eight control children was carried out with beta-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, bovine hair extract and phytohaemagglutinin. The blastic transformation was significant with at least one of the milk antigens in 15 of the patients, but only in one of the controls. In two clinical pictures, corresponding to milk allergy of Arthus type (Schönlein-Henoch purpura and Heiner pneumonitis), besides the high ratio of specific blastic transformation of the lymphocytes the cellular reaction to PHA was pathologically decreased. A significant correlation could be demonstrated between the degrees of blastic transformation to BSA and bovine hair extract.


Chronic exposure to low levels of estradiol‐17β (E2) affects tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neuronal function resulting in decreased dopamine (DA) synthesis and hyperprolactinemia. We hypothesized that this effect is mediated by cytokines such as IL‐1β, and elevating nitric oxide (NO) and associated free radicals. Young (Y; 3–4 mo) and middle‐aged (MA; 10–12 mo) female Sprague Dawley rats were either ovariectomized (OVX) or left intact. They were sham implanted or implanted s.c. with slow release E2 pellets (20ng/day for 90 days). At the end of treatment, animals were sacrificed and the brains were frozen and sectioned. The arcuate nucleus (AN) and substantia nigra (SN) were collected and analyzed for IL‐1β and nitrate concentrations. E2 exposure increased IL‐1β levels (pg/μg protein; Mean±SE) in the AN of Y, E2‐treated animals whether they were intact (32.11±8.03) or OVX (29.73±6.88) compared to controls (9.78±2.6 and 15.03±4.96 intact and OVX respectively; p<0.05). Similar differences between E2‐treated and control animals were observed in MA animals. Nitrate levels (μM/μg±SE) were higher in intact E2‐treated (3.81±0.9 and 4.97±1.22; Y and MA respectively) animals compared to the controls (1.93±0.4 and 1.59±0.3; Y and MA respectively; p<0.05). There were no significant differences in IL‐1β or nitrate levels in the SN. These results indicate that chronic E2 exposure increases IL‐1β and NO levels in the AN of Y and MA rats. This may contribute to TIDA neuronal dysfunction and subsequent hyperprolactinemia. Supported by NIH AG027697.


From an early age, it is very important to encourage children to enjoy sports and to make sports. The awareness and habits gained in the early years of life affect life in the following years. Illustrated children's books are important for early childhood children to gain interest, curiosity and awareness towards an area. Sports and sports-specific elements are among the habits that should be given to children at a young age. The aim of this study is to determine the sport elements in the children's books. For this purpose, the research was designed with a case study pattern of qualitative research approaches. Criterion sampling technique was used in the study. Thirty books with 3-6 years old child development characteristics and the subject of which are direct sports are included in the study group. Document analysis technique was used in data analysis. In the research, it has been determined that books related to different sports branches, sports materials are depicted, sports-specific concepts are mentioned and technical and tactical information is presented. In the sections where sporting competitions take place, are depicted such as fairness / fair competition, fairness, benevolence and ability to tolerate winning-loss values. The processing of sports in illustrated children's books will be effective in the positive attitudes of children in this age of development towards sports.


Interactive Whiteboards for Education: Theory, Research and Practice emphasizes the importance of professional development, credible educational research, and dialogue between teachers, administrators, policymakers and learners. This book intends to guide and inform the process of technology integration in education, introducing valuable case studies for educators interested in present and future IWB technology.


Objective To test the accuracy of American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for preoperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery in Chinese patients and to compare ACC/AHA guidelines with Goldman index and Lee index. Methods From January to December 2003, all patients aged ≥70 yr or patients aged 40-69 yr with a history of cardio- and cerebro-vascular disease, abnormal ECG or diabetes scheduled for noncardiovascular surgery were included in this study. A total of 1 248 patients were eligible. Their clinical data including demographic data, history of cardiovascular disease, routine physical examination and laboratory tests, the scheduled surgery and type of anesthesia were collected. The patients were then evaluated for cardiac risk and classified according to ACC/AHA guidelines (high, moderate, low and no risk), Lee index (class I -IV ) and Goldman index (class I - III ). The cardiac risk of the scheduled surgery was then stratified according to ACC/AHA guidelines. The patients were followed up until discharged from hospital. Cardiac events were defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarct, myocardial ischemia, minor myocardial cell injury, ventricular dysfunction and serious arrhythmia. Likelihood ratio of the 3 methods was calculated. Risk factors for adverse events were identified by univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results Of the 1 248 patients 694 were male and 554 female. Their age ranged from 40-102 years (mean age 65.4 yr). 44.7 % of the patients were aged ≥ 70 years. High risk operation accounted for 6.3 % and emergency operation 7.9% . One patients died of cardiac event and ten patients of other causes. Seventy-three perioperative cardiac events occurred in 53 patients. The morbidity rate was 4.2% . Goldman index and ACC/AHA cardiac risk stratification were correlated with adverse cardiac outcomes ( P 0.05); while Lee index was not ( P = 0.401) . The likelihood ratio of ACC/AHA high risk group was higher than 10 and that of ACC/AHA no risk group was the lowest (0.3). A history of arrythmia and coronary artery disease, arrhythmia and cardiomegaly on ECG and diabetes were strongly correlated with adverse outcomes. For no risk patients severe hypertension (class III ) and emergency surgery were two independent risk factors. Conclusion ACC/AHA guidelines is better than Goldman index and Lee index in cardiac risk evaluation. Our study shows that some low risk factors defined by ACC/AHA guidelines such as advanced age, arrhythmia, cardiomegaly on ECG and class III hypertension are independent risk factors.


The risk of cardiac conduction system defects (CCD) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) remains high and requiring permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) in 20% of the patients. Numerous studies have suggested that up to half of patients who underwent PPI within 30 days after TAVI do not depend on their PM at one year. The micro-calcific deposits of the atrioventricular node cannot be detected by standard echocardiography, while CT scan can reliably identify them. While pacemaker implantation was recommended according to clinical status and current guideline, in this small retrospective analysis, pre-procedural CT scan calcium quantification was considered an anatomical predictor of AV conduction prolongation until advanced disorder and cardiac block. We assume that differential calcium localization into the AV node might contribute to progression of conduction disorders until complete heart block.

 The objective of this pilot study is to evaluate the impact of calcium score assessment as a predictor of the development of CCD after TAVI. The goal is to evaluate the interaction between PM dependency and the value of calcium score at the CT scan pre-TAVI. the data collected in this single-center cohort analysis AIMS TO help identify patients at higher risk of permanent pacemaker implantation after TAVI pacemaker insertion and pacemaker-dependent patients at one year through CT calcium scoring.

 From January 2020 to September 2021, we retrospectively collected data from our institute. One-hundred and thirty patients without prior PM underwent TAVI in our institution. Overall mean age was 79,7 years old with 57,1% of females, with a pre-procedural diagnosis of aortic stenosis and a mean gradient of 47,4 mmHg. At 30 days, PPI was reported in 21 patients (16,1%). Out of twenty-one patients 47,6% developed complete atrioventricular block, 19% developed atrioventricular block II grade type 2 and 33,3% other conduction defects. The dependency at the implantation was 51,1%. With a dedicated software at the CT scan, we assessed the calcium score located in three regions near the atrioventricular node: aortic valve, left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and anterior mitral annular (Figure 1). Two patients were excluded for the diagnosis of severe aortic stenosis low-flow low-gradient. The Primary endpoint was to identify patients who had higher risk of PPI after TAVI pacemaker insertion.

 At 12 months follow-up, 23,8% of patients died (n=5). All the remaining patients, 28,5% had a high rate of ventricular pacing (Vp) at implantation (n=6). One year later at the follow up, three of these patients restored intrinsic rhythm and had a low Vp rate. The rate of patients found pacemaker-dependent at one year of follow-up was 76,2%.

 Among 21 patients who requiring PPI after TAVI, at 12 months 14,2% restored intrinsic rhythm. The methodology of calcium scoring outside the coronary arteries is still an active area of study. In the coming months, the collected data will be analyzed to assess the association between PM dependence at follow-up and calcium score on CT scan before TAVI.


Review(s) of: Reins of Liberation: an Entangled History of Mongolian Independence, Chinese Territoriality, and Great Power Hegemony, 1911-1950, by Xiaoyuan Liu. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2006. xxxii + 474 pp. US$65.00 (Hardcover).


This study was aimed at experimentally investigate the formation of zeolite-A and zeolite-X through geopolymerization routes. The samples were prepared by alkali-activation of metakaolinite at 70 °C with Si:Al = 1.04 and 1.25 and Na:A l= 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 while keeping the molar ratio of H2O:Na2O = 10. The physical and mechanical properties of the resulting materials were characterized by means of bulk density and porosity measurement, compressive strength and Vickers microhardness tests. Crystallinity level and the phase of the samples was examined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) while morphology and elemental composition of the samples were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that zeolite-A and zeolite-X were able to produce through geopolymerisation of metakaolin. XRD and SEM-EDX analysis results showed that these materials were composed of zeolite-A or zeolite-X together with amorphous geopolymer. The zeolite X was only formed when ratio of Si:Al is 1.25 while zeolite A was formed at all ratio except ata Si:Al=1.25 and Na:Al=1.0. These materials have relatively low hardness and compressive strength, low density and high apparent porosity.


The article reports on the development by researchers of a new clinical score to stratify patients at risk for stroke when hospitalized with COVID-19, which they presented at the 2022 International Stroke Conference held in New Orleans, Louisiana in February 2022.


Although word reading has traditionally been viewed as a foundational skill for development of reading fluency and comprehension, some children demonstrate "specific" reading comprehension problems, in the context of intact word reading. The purpose of this study was to identify specific patterns of errors associated with reading profiles—basic reading difficulties (BRD), reading fluency difficulties (RFD), reading comprehension difficulties (RCD), and typical readers (total n = 821). Results indicated significant differences between the groups on most error factors. Post hoc analyses indicated there were no significant differences between the RFD and RCD groups, but these groups demonstrated different patterns of significant weakness relative to typical readers. The RFD group was weaker in spelling and oral expression whereas the RCD group demonstrated difficulties in writing mechanics and listening comprehension. These findings indicate that comprehension deficits cannot be attributed only to fluency difficulties and that specific reading difficulties may translate to other aspects of achievement.


This article describes dynamic simulation results of single bubble motion on a wire based on equations describing each physical mechanism. The model solves the energy equation to determine the wire temperature distribution around bubble. The steady velocity of the bubble motion is determined by balancing the Marangoni force and the drag on the bubble. The results are then used to analyze the bubble velocities and the energy absorbed by the bubble while moving as functions of the liquid subcoolings and the wire heat generation rates. This theoretical model can then be used to model more complex bubble dynamics.


The invention discloses a degreasant for plating pretreatment of copper and copper alloy and a preparation method of the degreasant. The degreasant is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-35 parts of fatty acid methyl ester sodium sulfonate, 8-25 parts of dodecyl fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 12-30 parts of sodium carbonate, 8-20 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 6-19 parts of sodium nitrate, 5-18 parts of sodium persulfate, 2-10 parts of sodium hydroxide and 30-65 parts of water. The degreasant prepared by the method is capable of completely cleaning grease on the surface of a to-be-processed material, and the environment is not polluted by waste water of using the degreasant.


Objective To provide basis for preventive measures for sports and recreation related injuries through analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of sports and recreation related injuries from Chinese National Injury Surveillance System.Methods Descriptive analysis was used on the data of sports and recreation related injuries from Chinese National Injury Surveillance System from 2006 to 2008.Results From 2006 to 2008,sports and recreation related injuries,which were mainly male,accounted for about 40% of the total unintentional injuries.The sex ratios of sports and recreation related injury cases in the three years were 1.78 ∶ 1,1.68 ∶ 1,and 1.65 ∶ 1.Cases aged from 15 to 29(30.76%,29.92%,28.76% from 2006 to 2008)and from 30 to 44(23.03%,23.53%,21.97% from 2006 to 2008)took the majority.Falls(48.29%,48.27%,47.60%),road traffic injuries(15.53%,12.96%,12.44%) and injuries due to animals(10.77%,12.87%,13.31%) were the main causes.Sports and recreation related injuries mostly occurred at home(30.62%,32.60%,34.54%),in the street(23.97%,20.52%,20.86%) and public residences(19.21%,23.36%,20.72%).Contusion/abrasion(42.71%,44.21%,43.58%),sharp force injury/bite/open wound(24.83%,26.46%,26.93%),bone injury(11.66%,9.57%,10.31%) and sprain/strain(10.68%,10.73%,9.98%) were the main types of the injury nature.Body parts involved were head(28.32%,28.96%,28.59%),upper(27.12%,26.19%,26.30%) and lower(25.55%,26.57%,27.00%) limbs typically.Most sports and recreation related injuries were minor(78.68%,82.58%,80.91%) and the majority patients was release to home after treatment(82.77%,85.32%,83.22%).Conclusion The identification of susceptible groups should be based on the distribution of sports and recreation related injuries case.It was suggested that more in-depth researches be carried out to specify the subgroups of sports and recreation activities and provide those findings to Chinese National Injury Surveillance System,it is of extremely significance to the prevention and control of sports and recreation related injuries.


An a‐ne connection i on a vector bundle · = (E;…;M;V ) of a rank r is called Riemann metrizable if there exists on M a Riemann metric which preserves the scalar product of vector flelds parallel displaced according to i. i determines a connection G in a bundle, where M is flbered by the manifold of the ellipsoids of R r = … i1 , x 2 M. We prove that i is Riemann metrizable ifi G is integrable. An analogous result is deduced in the case, where · is replaced by a Finsler vector bundle, i means a Finsler connection, and the metric is a Finsler metric.


In this study, polymorphorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) immigration followed cement by means of Human umbilical vein endothelial cells animated with consume serum and maintenance in consume rankle liquid model were built up utilizing transwellsTM embeds. PMN were reaped from sound volunteers, consume serum was separated from gigantic consume patients inside 48 hrs after consume injury, and consume rankle liquid was gathered from flawless rankles on consume twisted inside 24 post consume hours. The complete proteins of PMN in solid volunteers (A gathering), immigration followed glue (B gathering), maintenance in consume rankle liquid (C gathering) were isolated by immobilized pH slope based two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(2-DE), and the 2-DE pictures were broke down by PDQuest 7.1.0 programming. Discrepant articulation protein spots were investigated by Matrix-helped laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS) and peptide mass fingerprinting acquired and looked in database to recognize of the proteins. 33 differentially communicated proteins spot were found between typical PMN gathering and the others gatherings, and 22 spots (16 proteins) were distinguished, including: Profilin-1, Actin, Heat stun 70 kDa protein, Peptidylprolyl cistrans isomerase A, Leukocyte elastase inhibitor, Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A, Catalase, Alpha-enolase, Vimentin, Tubulin beta chain, Lactotransferrin, Chloride intracellular channel protein 1, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Protein DJ-1, Protein S100-A9 and F-actin-topping protein subunit alpha-1.These proteins include in the aggravation enhancement and invulnerable issue, and assume a significant job in fine penetrability and PMN apoptosis delay. Neutrophil relocation is basic for microbe leeway and host endurance during extreme sepsis. Association of neutrophil bond receptors with ligands on endothelial cells brings about firm grip of the flowing neutrophils, trailed by neutrophil initiation and guided movement to destinations of disease through the cellar film and interstitial extracellular network. Proteolytic proteins and receptive oxygen species are created and discharged by neutrophils in light of an assortment of provocative boosts. In spite of the fact that these go betweens are significant for have barrier, they additionally advance tissue harm. Extreme neutrophil relocation during the beginning phases of sepsis may prompt an overstated provocative reaction with related tissue harm and ensuing organ brokenness. Then again, dysregulation of relocation and deficient transient reaction that happens during the last phases of serious sepsis adds to neutrophils' powerlessness to contain and control disease and disabled injury mending. This survey examines the significant advances and related atoms associated with the parity of neutrophil dealing, the exact guideline of which during sepsis spells decisive for the host. Biomedical Data Mining 2nd International Conference on Proteomics & Bioinformatics July 2-4, 2012 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, USA Volume 2 • Issue 2 Neutrophil migration in health Neutrophil homeostasis inside the body is kept up by means of a cautious harmony between neutrophil creation and discharge from the bone marrow and neutrophil leeway from the fringe. Under ordinary conditions, 1×1011 neutrophils are produced in the human bone marrow day by day, where they experience terminal separation from the myeloid forerunners. Bone marrow hematopoietic cells can be partitioned into three gatherings: the immature microorganism pool, the mitotic pool, and the post-mitotic pool. The immature microorganism pool comprises of undifferentiated hematopoietic foundational microorganisms, the mitotic pool alludes to the multipotent forebear cells that are experiencing separation, and the post-mitotic pool is contained completely separated cells. As new leukocyte creation is required to renew the dead and biting the dust cells, multipotent forebear cells separate into either a lymphoid or myeloid ancestry by delivering either the common lymphoid progenitor cells (CLPs) or the common myeloid progenitor cells (CMPs) individually. Without disease or aggravation, myeloid separation duty pathway fills in as the default. CMP's, thus, can offer ascent to either the megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor cells (MEPs) or the granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells (GMPs). Following the GMPs' responsibility to lineage development, terminal neutrophil separation incorporates the myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, meta-myelocyte, band and portioned (develop) neutrophil stages. Under ordinary conditions, just a little part (1-2% in mice) of develop neutrophils (not neutrophil forerunners) is discharged from the bone marrow. During serious contamination or foundational aggravation, in any case, progressively youthful neutrophil populaces become discharged from the bone marrow stores to recharge the circling granulocyte pool, as more neutrophils are enlisted and marginate to the fringe tissues. Neutrophil movement in the bone marrow expects them to leave the parenchyma and cross into the vascular sinusoids and the depleting focal sinus of the bone marrow. The discontinuities in the storm cellar film layer and the bone marrow endothelial cells (BMECs) of myeloid sinusoids render these sinusoidal vessels less prohibitive to platelet immigration. Strangely, neutrophils have been accounted for to relocate through, as opposed to between endothelial cells coating the sinusoids in areas where endothelial luminal and abluminal cell layers are combined (called diaphragmatic fenestrae). Chemokine angles and attachment particles communicated on neutrophils and BMECs, for example, integrins and selectins, are focal players in directing neutrophil discharge from the bone marrow. Neutrophil migration is sepsis Sepsis-actuated changes in articulation profiles of bond particles on the two neutrophils and ECs further advance neutrophil firm grip and sequestration in the vasculature. Sharp increments in ICAM-1 happened on endothelial cells of various organs in LPS-infused and CLP medical procedure rewarded mice, just as LPSinvigorated human endothelium in vitro. Humble VCAM-1 upregulation (mRNA and protein articulation) was seen on the endothelium of LPS-rewarded mice. Mice with CLP-initiated sepsis, then again, indicated a slight increment in endothelial VCAM-1 mRNA during the underlying stage, trailed by a sharp decrease at 12h and later post-medical procedure. Protein levels of VCAM-1 on endothelium were decreased at 6h after CLP medical procedure and came back to ordinary homeostatic levels from that point [94]. Strangely, LPS pre-treatment for 48 h in endotoxin resilience probes human endothelial cells restrained VCAM-1 articulation (mRNA and protein), however didn't change ICAM-1 levels contrasted with those after a solitary LPS incitement. Soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1) and dissolvable ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) show up in the serum of CLP-and LPSrewarded mice. Such increments in flowing attachment particles have additionally been found in people and relate with different organ brokenness and passing in neonatal and grown-up sepsis. These discoveries are validated by the perceptions that hereditary cancellation


The evolution of an internal gravity wave is investigated by direct numerical computations. We consider the case of a standing wave confined in a bounded (square) domain, a case which can be directly compared with laboratory experiments. A pseudo-spectral method with symmetries is used. We are interested in the inertial dynamics occurring in the limit of large Reynolds numbers, so a fairly high spatial resolution is used (1292 or 2572), but the computations are limited to a two-dimensional vertical plane. We observe that breaking eventually occurs, whatever the wave amplitude: the energy begins to decrease after a given time because of irreversible transfers of energy towards the dissipative scales. The life time of the coherent wave, before energy dissipation, is found to be proportional to the inverse of the amplitude squared, and we explain this law by a simple theoretical model. The wave breaking itself is preceded by a slow transfer of energy to secondary waves by a mechanism of resonant interactions, and we compare the results with the classical theory of this phenomenon: good agreement is obtained for moderate amplitudes. The nature of the events leading to wave breaking depends on the wave frequency (i.e. on the direction of the wave vector); most of the analysis is restricted to the case of fairly high frequencies. The maximum growth rate of the inviscid wave instability occurs in the limit of high wavenumbers. We observe that a well-organized secondary plane wave packet is excited. Its frequency is half the frequency of the primary wave, corresponding to an excitation by a parametric instability. The mechanism of selection of this remarkable structure, in the limit of small viscosities, is discussed. Once this secondary wave packet has reached a high amplitude, density overturning occurs, as well as unstable shear layers, leading to a rapid transfer of energy towards dissipative scales. Therefore the condition of strong wave steepness leading to wave breaking is locally attained by the development of a single small-scale parametric instability, rather than a cascade of wave interactions. This fact may be important for modelling the dynamics of an internal wave field.