In this letter, we consider the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in the presence of unknown mutual coupling in application to uniform linear arrays (ULAs). A novel method is proposed that treats the DOA estimation as a block sparse signal reconstruction problem with a modified array manifold matrix which utilizes the information of entire array output. A block smoothed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> norm approximation technique is introduced to solve the problem. Finally, an iterative proximal algorithm is proposed. Simulation results are presented that show the superiority of the proposed method against other known techniques.


Magnetic reconnection is ubiquitous in the magnetosphere, the solar corona, and in toroidal fusion research discharges. In a fusion device, a magnetic island saturates at a width which produces a minimum in the magnetic energy of the configuration. At saturation, the modified current density profile, a function of the flux in the island, is essentially flat, the growth rate proportional to the difference in the current at the O-point and the X-point. Further modification of the current density profile in the island interior causes a change in the island stability and additional growth or contraction of the saturated island. Because field lines in an island are isolated from the outside plasma, an island can heat or cool preferentially depending on the balance of Ohmic heating and radiation loss in the interior, changing the resistivity and hence the current in the island. A simple model of island destabilization due to radiation cooling of the island is constructed, and the effect of modification of the c...


The purpose of this study was to explore changes in team development using the Team
Development Inventory that may have occurred due to a treatment comprised of adventure
education elements. Subjects consisted of 61 teachers; 29 in the control group and 31 in
the treatment group. Results indicated that the treatment significantly affected team
development as determined by Wilks' lambda= 0.708, F (1, 59)= 7.84; p= .001. At the pre-test, the control and treatment groups were not significantly different, F(1, 59)=.001, p> .05. At the post-test, the treatment group presented significantly higher mean scores, F(1, 59)= 8.07, p< .05. At the follow-up test, the treatment group also presented significantly higher mean scores, F(1, 59)= 14.57, p< .05. It was concluded that the activities that comprised the treatment may be viewed as an effective approach to enhancing team development in the workplace setting.


Needle-puncture procedures are often used to treat patients with traumatic and life-threatening injuries. However, properly locating the safest needle insertion location, such as the femoral region, in such high-tempo situations is difficult and can lead to severe complications. The aim of this thesis is to address this difficulty by developing an automatic robot-guided needle insertion system. To close the loop, it requires an imaging modality so the ultrasound modality was used due to its lack of radiation, low costs, and portability. A major cause for the majority of complications related to needle-puncture procedures is human judgment. In an attempt to minimize the amount of human input for such procedures, which may be clouded by emotions, this thesis aims to fully automate the procedure. As deep neural networks are capable of learning more complex, non-linear functions to approximate the data, and have the potential to generalize well given sufficient data, this thesis leverages the power of deep neural networks and computer vision. Because localization of the proper anatomical landmarks is critical for percutaneous (needle-puncture) procedures, this work focuses on the task of semantic segmentation which aims to classify each pixel of the images. However, ultrasound images present their own set of challenges: (1) extremely noisy images, which often necessitates trained medical professionals for interpretation, resulting in training data being expensive to collect, and (2) immense variations across ultrasound scanners, imaging settings, body types, and injury scenarios. I aim to address such challenges in the four works included in this thesis. In the first part of this thesis, I present a deeper introduction of the ultrasound imaging challenges we face as well as a short background of the imaging modality. I then continue with work on studying how semantic segmentation networks can generalize across different populations of ultrasound images using a technique known as transfer learning. The second work then more directly addresses the high-costs of training data for ultrasound images. The proposed method introduces novel temporal data augmentation strategies to increase the size of training data, specifically for dealing with various ultrasound scanning patterns. I evaluate our methods on multiple types of scanning patterns and notice improvements with our simple stochastic augmentation methods. The following work focuses more on addressing the variations across body and injury types when imaging them. This thesis introduces a novel spatial non-uniform data augmentation method which is able to deform various sections of the ultrasound images to mimic long-tailed scenarios. The final portion of this thesis introduces an initial prototype for a robotic system to automatically insert a needle into the femoral region of a patient. This prototype only represents the first step in achieving our long-term goal; the system introduced aims to determine the safest insertion point for the needle. I believe there is a significant amount more which can be built on top of all these works described and plan to pursue such further in the future.


Abstract
Problems concerning wash-out of nuclear bomb debris are discussed in connection with prediction of close-in fallout areas. With adequate weather forecasts it should be possible to add wash-out from extended precipitation systems to predictions of dry fallout, for which wind information only is necessary. A diagram based on computation is presented, from which a quantitative estimate of wash-out may be made for locations within the fallout sector when bomb size, wind speed, distance from ground zero, amount of rain and top height of rain-producing layers are known or independently predicted.


noindent This is the report of the Oberwolfach Workshop on singularity theory held in september 2006. Singularity theory is concerned with the local structure of maps and spaces that occur in many situations in mathematics. It uses methods from algebra, topology and algebraic geometry for their study. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 14Bxx, 32Sxx, 58Kxx. Introduction by the Organisers The Oberwolfach workshop Singularity Theory was held in the week September 10th–September 15th, 2006. It was organised by J. Steenbrink (Nijmegen), D. van Straten (Mainz) and V. Vassiliev (Moskow) and continued the sequence of workshops Singularitäten that take place regularly at Oberwolfach. The morning sessions consisted of three talks, which were complemented with two talks in the afternoon. So by taking the traditional Oberwolfach hike on wednesday into account, a total of 23 full hour talks was presented during the workshop. A broad variety of topics was covered by the speakers. Normal surface singularities continue to pose some big questions which were adressed in the talks of A. Nemethi and A. Melle. The theory of motivic integration has brought the arc structure of singularities into the focus of current interest. A. Reguera and P. Popescu-Pampu reported on recent progress related to the original Nash-problem. F. Loeser reported on the first steps in non-archimedian local analytic geometry, A. Parushinski talked on conormal geometry. There has been an increased activity around global aspects of singularity theory, characteristic classes, Thompolynomials and their applications. These topics were adressed by M. Kazarian, M. Weiss J. Schürmann and V. Sedykh. Applications of ideas from singularity 2506 Oberwolfach Report 42/2006 theory to the geometry of the fundamental group were presented in the talks by A. Dimca, V. Kulikov and A. Libgober. S. Shadrin presented a conjectural method to produce tautological relations in the cohomology of the moduli spaceMg,n and O. Tommasi reported on the rational cohomology ofM4. A. Gorinov talked about bounds for the size of the automorphism group of complete intersections that arise from the computation of the cohomology of the discriminant-complement. The recent interest in the Hodge/Twistor structures associated to isolated hypersurface germs and tame polynomials on affine varieties, reported on by C. Sevenheck and C. Hertling, stems partly from the interpretation of quantum cohomology via mirror symmetry in terms of so-called Landau-Ginsburg models. D. Mond talked about his idea to relate these to the theory of functions on a free divisor. J. Christophersen showed us a Calabi-Yau space appearing in the deformation theory of a degenerate abelian surface. A. Gabrielov talked about the maximally inflected rational curves and its relation to the Bethe Ansatz. A. Takahasi presented his results for exceptional collections in the category maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules on hypersurface singularities and its mirror interpretation in the case of the exceptional singularities. An informal concert by J. Steenbrink on piano und M. Weiss on flute formed the musical coda of the workshop. The organisers would like to use this occasion to thank the Oberwolfach staff for their efficient handling of boundary conditions, which created the unique Oberwolfach athmosphere that helped to make the workshop a success.


A case of extensive thrombosis associated to nephrotic syndrome is presented, where the diagnostic and therapeutical challenge relied on the determination of the nephropathy's origin in this patient., which was obtained through renal biopsy that in turn suggested lupus nephritis. In this systemic pathology, as in nephrotic syndrome, a higher incidence of thromboembolic disease is found. Most adults with the nephrotic syndrome in our country have a systemic disease such as systemic lupus erithematosus, the remaining cases being usually due to primary disorders. Patients with the nephrotic syndrome have an increased incidence of arterial and venous thrombosis (particularly deep vein and renal vein thrombosis) and pulmonary emboli. In very few cases, patients whith lupus nephritis develop thrombosis in the absence of antiphospholipidic antibodies. If that were the case, it would be more related to the nephrotic syndrome, which can have different mechanisms to facilitate throembotic events, amongst which stands out the platelet activation and aggregation, the rise of VIII factor and fibrinogen levels; hypoalbuminemia and antithrombin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficit. IVC thrombosis, present in our patient, is associated with significant acute and chronic morbidity. It presents a diagnostic challenge to the clinician and requires a high index of suspicion. Thrombolysis with recombinant plasminogen tissue activator was performed, since in appropriate cases, thrombolysis is the most efficacious treatment, minimising long-term complications of IVC thrombosis.


Behavior sequence segmentation is the first and most fundamental step of behavior analysis and recognition. In this paper, a novel unsupervised algorithm for behavior sequence segmentation is proposed. The algorithm consists of the following steps: (1) The video sequence is coarsely segmented into equal length subsequences with overlapping time window; (2) Segmental-DTW is used to find out matching behavior clips between pairs of video subsequences; (3) The similarity between behavior clips is represented by an adjacency graph, and an efficient graph clustering algorithm is used to generate behavior clusters. The algorithm, based on a coarse-to-fine strategy, is able to satisfactorily segment behavior sequences and cluster typical behavior patterns. The segmentation results can be used for further behavior modeling and recognition. Experimental results show the


The evolution of noncurrent assets in the presentation of balance sheet assets of organizations and the formation of long-lived assets are viewed in this article. Positive and negative effects of the changes in the structure of the asset balance are analyzed, a new order of articles in the issue I «Noncurrent assets» is proposed and justified.


Thermal properties of the diamond nanothread (DNT) forest array are studied using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We find a strong anisotropic thermal property in this structure, i.e. the thermal conductivity in thread direction is over 300 times of that in the perpendicular direction. When subject to external strain, the thermal conductivity of the DNT forest decreases with increasing compressive/tensile strain in the thread direction, while thermal conductivity increases exponentially with increasing compressive strain in the perpendicular direction. The increase in thermal conductivity is attributed to the enhanced interactions among DNTs induced by compression. These results are explained by phonon spectra and structural deformation. Our findings show that diamond nanothread forest has a great potential application in the super-capacitors.


The teaching practicum is regarded by many as an important part of teacher preparation where student teachers try to translate what they have learned into practice. This paper examines the confidence levels of student teachers as perceived by themselves, by their cooperating teachers and university supervisors in their knowledge and skills at the end of the two teaching practicum attachments in the third and fourth year of the 4‐year initial teacher preparation degree program. The results show a significant increase in confidence levels as perceived by all three parties at the end of each practicum, and even more so at the end of the second practicum. One implication of this study is that the practicum component in the teacher preparation program has been effective in meeting its expected objective of preparing the student teachers to be ready to assume their role as a full‐fledged teacher upon graduation.


With the continuous growth of China's economy, the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the gradual improvement of the medical security system, and the increasingly prominent problem of aging population, China's pharmaceutical industry has shown a sustained good trend of development, maintaining a long-term output growth of more than 10%, becoming one of the fastest growing markets in the world. In this context, how to objectively evaluate the business performance of enterprises is a major problem facing pharmaceutical enterprises at present, and it is also the focus of investors and other stakeholders. This paper tries to introduce economic value added (EVA) index into the pharmaceutical industry, designs and adjusts the calculation formula of EVA, and takes HengRui Medicine as an example to make a specific analysis of its business performance, so as to provide reference for the performance evaluation of the pharmaceutical industry in China.


In many coniferous forests of the western United States, wildland fuel accumulation and projected climate conditions increase the likelihood that fires will become larger and more intense. Fuels treatments and prescribed fire are widely recommended, but there is uncertainty regarding their ability to reduce the severity of subsequent fires at a landscapescale.Ourobjectivewastoinvestigatetheinteractionsamonglandscape-scalefireregimes,fuelstreatmentsand fireweatherinthesouthernSierraNevada,California.Weusedaspatiallydynamicmodelofwildfire,successionandfuels management to simulate long-term (50 years), broad-scale (across 2.2 � 10 6 ha) effects of fuels treatments. We simulated thin-from-below treatments followed by prescribed fire under current weather conditions and under more severe weather. Simulated fuels management minimised the mortality of large, old trees, maintained total landscape plant biomass and extended fire rotation, but effects varied based on elevation, type of treatment and fire regime. The simulated area treated had a greater effect than treatment intensity, and effects were strongest where more fires intersected treatments and when simulatedweatherconditionswere moresevere. Inconclusion,fuelstreatmentsinconiferforestspotentiallyminimise the ecological effects of high-severity fire at a landscape scale provided that 8% of the landscape is treated every 5 years, especially if future fire weather conditions are more severe than those in recent years.


ABSTRACT A given political communication practice is firmly related to the structure it locates in. This paper concerns such communication in the Chinese context, with a focus on the case of the Chinese Premier's Press Conference (CPPC). Informed by sociological institutionalism, it divides the CPPC's evolution into three stages – habitualization, objectification, and sedimentation, each of which has different characteristics of structural evolution due to different historical and cultural conditions. It argues that the structure of the CPPC has evolved to a 'semi-institutionalized' one, involving both formal and informal components. The informal components within this structure lead to negotiations among different decision-makers on the information that is delivered at the CPPC and to the public. It reveals the nature of Chinese political structure today, that is, wherein every decision-making undergoes a bargaining process within the system.


This paper explores the stances of communicative chaos, non-conformity and miscommunication that suggest the absurdist aspects of Edward Albee's plays as postmodernist phenomena. Albee's modern man lacks a mechanism of communication and fails to find a companionship that suits his mentality, ideology, and hopes. Albee's plays serve as a cautionary discourse to reconcile conformity and non-conformity, and to warn against the inevitable bad consequences of their miscommunication and the collapse of values in human societies. Also, this paper examines the commonalities in both Albee's plays and absurdity, where Albee fuses features of the Theater of the Absurd in themes which question man's existence in the modern world, the lack of communication among people, and man's non-conformity. Thus, by juxtaposing the opposites, the plays are able to generate many of their tensions and conflicts.


The power spectra for line intensities of several lines formed in the upper transition region around 100,000 to 250,000K are presented. A period of 5min. is clearly present in lines due to O III, O IV & O V. In one dataset a period approaching 10 min. is present for 40 min. The size of the emitting features is limited to 7 arcsec squared. In all datasets examined, there is excess power below 4mHz everywhere along the slit, although the observed periods do not always come from the most intense regions. In 40% of instances clear periods are observable in the 2{5mHz range with the largest power peak at 3.0mHz. In all regions, the 5.0mHz power peak is smaller. For the frequencies investigated there are no signiicant time delays in any of the datasets examined. This nding may not be entirely unexpected as the formation temperatures of O III (100,000K) and O V (250,000K) may be too close in order to result in an observable phase shift. The observations are discussed in terms of trapped magnetic modes below the transition region and resonant absorption of MHD waves. For resonant absorption we derive from the observed period of 5 minutes and the observed extent of the structure a typical magnetic eld strength of about 2 Gauss. This value is in good agreement with results from MDI for quiet Sun regions. Our results seem to imply that resonant waves can play a role in the heating of the quiet Sun. We discuss the eeect of observing without tracking on the power spectrum and show that the eeect is small.


Integrated, long-term HDAC inhibitor therapy treats neurodegeneration and systemic disease in a mouse model of Niemann-Pick type C. Crossing the Rubicon Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are a class of compounds that have shown promise for treating certain types of cancer. Because HDACi do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), they cannot enter the brain and therefore are of limited value for treating neurological diseases. Now, Alam et al. have developed a new formulation that enables the FDA-approved HDACi vorinostat to cross the BBB and enter the brain tissue of mice with Niemann-Pick type C disease. The authors show that long-term treatment with the formulation improves brain function and prolongs mouse survival, suggesting that this new HDACi formulation will be of benefit for treating Niemann-Pick type C disease and perhaps other types of neurological diseases as well. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are approved for treating rare cancers and are of interest as potential therapies for neurodegenerative disorders. We evaluated a triple combination formulation (TCF) comprising the pan-HDACi vorinostat, the caging agent 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for treating a mouse model (the Npc1nmf164 mouse) of Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease, a difficult-to-treat cerebellar disorder. Vorinostat alone showed activity in cultured primary cells derived from Npc1nmf164 mice but did not improve animal survival. However, low-dose, once-weekly intraperitoneal injections of the TCF containing vorinostat increased histone acetylation in the mouse brain, preserved neurites and Purkinje cells, delayed symptoms of neurodegeneration, and extended mouse life span from 4 to almost 9 months. We demonstrate that the TCF boosted the ability of HDACi to cross the blood-brain barrier and was not toxic even when used long term. Further, the TCF enabled dose reduction, which has been a major challenge in HDACi therapy. TCF simultaneously treats neurodegenerative and systemic symptoms of Niemann-Pick type C disease in a mouse model.


Breast cancer is the second largest cause of cancer death among women after skin cancer. Mitotic count is an important biomarker for predicting the breast cancer prognosis according to Nottingham Grading System. Pathologists look for tumour areas and select 10 HPF(high power field) images and assign a grade based on the number of mitotic counts. Mitosis detection is a tedious task because the pathologist has to inspect a larger area. The pathologist's views about mitotic cell are also subjective. Because of these problems, an assisting tool for the pathologist will generalize and reduce the time for diagnosis. Due to recent advancements in whole slide imaging, CAD(computer-aided diagnosis) systems are becoming popular. Mitosis detection for scanner images is difficult because of variability in shape, color, texture and its similar appearance to apoptotic nuclei, darkly stained nuclei structures. In this paper, the mitotic detection task is carried out with state of the art object detector (Faster R-CNN) and classifiers (Resnet152, Densenet169, and Densenet201) for ICPR 2012 dataset. The Faster R-CNN is used in two ways. In first, it was treated as an object detector which gave an F1-score of 0.79 while in second, it was treated as a Region Proposal Network followed by an ensemble of classifiers giving an F1-score 0.75.


The utility model discloses a portable battery box of a pure electric city bus. The portable battery box is characterized by comprising a battery box body of which the bottom is provided with a plurality of rows of shock-proof insulation pulleys and a battery box base with a plurality of rows of pulley guide slots, wherein a control box, an information acquisition and transmission port and plug components are arranged on one side of the battery box body; positioning pins are arranged at one ends of shock-proof insulation pulleys in each row; first fixed frames with first mounting holes are arranged at the bottom of the battery box body, are positioned at the other ends of shock-proof insulation pulleys in each row and are positioned between two adjacent rows of shock-proof insulation pulleys; positioning nails matched with the positioning pins and second fixed frames matched with the first fixed frames are respectively arranged at two ends of the battery box base. According to the portable battery box of the pure electric city bus, individual battery packets can be assembled in a unified manner and are convenient to mount and dismount; therefore, production, maintenance and repair are facilitated; moreover, due to the control box, the battery safety is greatly improved; the portable battery box has a simple structure, is convenient to use and is easily popularized.


The Eleventh Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibits federal courts from taking jurisdiction over suits brought against a state by citizens of other states or of foreign nations.' According to the Supreme Court, the amendment embodies a broad constitutional principle of state sovereign immunity.2 The correct characterization of this immunity, however, remains unclear. Is it a right not to stand trial or is it merely a defense to liability? This question becomes important when a state tries to appeal immediately from a denial of a motion to dismiss on Eleventh Amendment immunity grounds. A state will seek immediate review of such an interlocutory order because a reversal would dispose of the case and save the cost of lengthy proceedings in the trial court. Unfortunately for states, federal law generally prohibits immediate appellate review of interlocutory orders.3 Because appeals from interlocutory orders can create piecemeal litigation, the Supreme Court has consistently held that the final judgment rule prohibits immediate review of an interlocutory order unless it is a "collateral order." Under the collateral order exception to the final judgment rule, a state may appeal immediately from a denial of a motion to dismiss on Eleventh Amendment immunity grounds only if the immunity gives the state a right not to stand trial. If it gives the state merely a defense to liability, the state must await final judgment before appealing.


In this paper, we propose a new adhesive system of dimpled surfaces. The principle is derived from a contact mechanics model. The material is assumed to be linear elastic and isotropic, and attraction between the surfaces of the half‐spaces is modeled via the concept of a specific adhesion energy. It is found that large and small detachments are unstable and will either grow or shrink spontaneously when their sizes are perturbed. It is shown that this phenomenon can lead to a new bi‐stable adhesive system in which weak adhesion can be converted to strong adhesion by the application of pressure.


Rockefeller used all these formal tools and added extraordinary abilities of his own to persuade and cajole. Influence with a large number of elite persons enhanced his ability to govern. His personal fortune was a major asset. Few governors could afford to maintain a New York City office for the state at their own expense. Although perhaps dealing with an extreme example, this study reinforces the findings of the importance of political actors and processes. One is hard pressed to find a defect in this excellent work. Hence it was surprising to discover the assertion that Edward Logue ran the New Haven urban renewal program under Mayor Chester Bowles (p. 263). For the real incumbent, Richard Lee, as well as for the Yale political scientists who participated in the genesis of Robert Dahl's Who Governs, this misnomer may come as a shock, but one which is soon forgotten in the book's overall mastery of detail. The book shows that the efforts of one powerful governor who enjoyed and used political power shaped the scope and direction of state government. In fact, Rockefeller was criticized for not staying within the economic restraints which should have limited his efforts to find solutions to social problems. (Thomas Dye, take note.) Here is the irony in the ongoing confrontation between the economic and the political explanations of public policy. Rockefeller was an activist executive in a situation of limited resources. His desire to transcend the economic constraints on state government resulted in many innovative measures; but it also led to action in times when the acceptance of constraint might have been a wiser course. In the end his greatest achievement was bound up with his most telling failure. His achievement was the quality of leadership he offered. His failure was his unwillingness to accept the limits of his circumstances. Rockefeller of New York documents this irony admirably.


A 12th-order OTA-C complex filter with a nonconventional frequency tuning for a Bluetooth receiver is implemented in a low-cost mainstream 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process. This proposed frequency tuning scheme is simpler than the conventional one based on phased-locked loop (PLL). Furthermore, a high-speed pseudo differential OTA using common-mode feedforward (CMFF) and common-mode feedback (CMFB) strategy is proposed. The filter bandwidth is 1 MHz and is centered at 2 MHz. Image and adjacent channels are attenuated by more than 45 and 27 dB, respectively. The integrated input referred noise is 29 /spl mu/V/sub rms/, and the filter chip dissipates 4.7 mA from a 2.7 V supply. The theoretical and experimental results are in good agreement.


Identification of cell subclasses using single-cell RNA-Sequencing (scRNA-Seq) data is of paramount importance since it uncovers the hidden biological processes within the cell population. While the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) model has been reported to be effective in various unsupervised clustering tasks, it may still produce inappropriate results for some scRNA-Seq datasets with heterogeneous structures. In this paper, we propose the use of an orthogonally constrained NMF (ONMF) model for the subclass identification problem of scRNA-Seq datasets. The ONMF model in general can provide improved clustering performance, but is challenging to solve. We present a computationally efficient algorithm based on optimization techniques of variable splitting and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Through two scRNA-Seq datasets, we show that the proposed method can yield promising performance in identifying cell subclasses and detecting key genes over the existing methods. Moreover, the key genes identified by the proposed method are shown biologically significant via the gene set enrichment analysis.


The research of the effect of liquid organic fertilizer to the soybean growth on podzolik merah kuning soil has been held. The aim of the research is to know the effect of fluid organic fertilizer to he growth of soybean on podzolik merah kuning soil. This research is complete randomized design (RAL) about this research in 6 treatment and 4 repetation. Those are A = 0 ml/polibag, B = 60 ml/polibag, C = 120 ml/polibag, D = 180 ml/polibag, E = 260 ml/polibag, F = 300 ml/polibag. The data is analyzed by various investigation and continued test with DMRT. The result of research shows that it's giving the positive effect of soil's pH, the plant's heigh, plants aged 7, 14, 21, 28, nd 35 days number of leaves, total wet weight's plant, dried weight's plant and number of nodule of these plants shows positive effect of the soybean's growth. Key word : Soybean , liquid organic fertilizer , growth


The magnetic behaviour of a novel quaternary rare-earth compound Nd 3 Co 29 Si 4 B 10 has been investigated by AC magnetic susceptibility and 57 Fe Mossbauer effect spectroscopy measurements, The Nd 3 Co 29 Si 4 B 10 compound exhibits a magnetic transition around T c1 ∼ 200 K with a second magnetic transition occurring around T c2 ∼ 43 K. Addition of ∼ 0.5 wt% 57 Fe is found to decrease the magnetic ordering temperatures to T c1 ∼ 167 K and T c2 ∼ 38 K. Similar to other Co-rich, light rare-earth compounds, Nd 3 Co 29 Si 4 B 10 is likely to exhibit ferromagnetic ordering below T c1 .


Treatment of anthracene (A) with LiAlH4 (LAH) at 150°C under atmospheric pressure gives 9,10-di- and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroanthracene (2H-A and 4H-A). At 160–200°C and under hydrogen pressure (10–90 bar) a number of simple and polycyclic aromatic compounds [e. g. toluene, naphthalene (N), A, phenanthene (PH), and pyrene (PY)] are converted to fully or partially hydrogenated arenes. Addition of small amounts of TiCl4 or TiCl3 and the choice of solvents (heptane or glymes) have marked effects on the reaction. The pair triethylaluminium/TiCl4 acts also as efficient hydrogenation catalyst.


The vision of empire outlined in this chapter endorses the model implemented by the most noteworthy progenitor of the Liu clan's 'flesh and bone'. Specifically, part of the empire is to be governed by means of a commandery system, yet the majority of the realm, including the kingdom of Huainan, would continue to be administered through the traditional practice of enfeoffing the Liu kinsmen. Therefore, "Discourses on the Boundless" emphasizes that what distinguishes Emperor Gaozu and his reign from the current leadership and present circumstances of Liu An's time was his ability to adapt, both innovatively and efficaciously, in accord with the exigencies of the age. Indeed, this capacity to change with the times is highly valued in "Discourses on the Boundless" and in the Huainanzi as a whole. Michael Puett explains that, historically, there were 'ambivalent consequences' of these technological and cultural innovations according to the Huainanzi's authors. Keywords: Emperor Gaozu; Huainanzi ; kingdom of Huainan; Liu An; Liu clan's flesh and bone; Liu kinsmen; Michael Puett; vision of empire


The soil hydro-physical characteristics are very important for studies about soil water dynamics. The soil water retention curve it is a soil characteristic sometimes expensive and time consuming to be done and could be a problem for farmers. The numbers of points and its tension evaluated are normally choose arbitrarily. This study aimed to define the fewest pairs of soil moisture and water soil potential points which result in a reliable water retention curve in two different soils (sandy and clay). Using different tensions by suction table and Richards' pressure chamber, nine replications were adjusted by van Genuchten's equation. Curves with 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 13 points were studied and the curve with 13 points was adopted as standard. The obtained parameters for different pairs of soil moisture and their corresponding soil water potential were compared to the equivalent standard curve and submitted to analysis of variance (F test), and their values were compared by the Scott-Knott test (5% of probability). The curve with 7 points, using the tensions of 0; 40; 100; 300; 1,000; 5,000 e 15,000 hPa, was the lower number of points that did not showed statistical difference in any parameters of the model and the point with 15,000 hPa shown to be important and should be used on the combination of points to obtain a good adjustment.


Here we present the application of mechanical spectroscopy for a registration the free vibration occurring in quartz filament. The harmonic vibrations were observed by laser beam diffraction technique. Numerical analysis was performed on the basis of least square routine. Finally we received logarithmic decrement, a resonant frequency and Young's modulus.


Abstract 1. The ecological hypothesis predicts that multiple foundress colonies of social wasps may have a better survival rate and produce more brood per capita than single foundress colonies. With the aim of verifying if these characteristics exist in the primitively eusocial wasp species Belonogaster juncea juncea (L.), we monitored 49 foundations, including 13 single and 36 multiple foundress colonies, in Cameroon.


Land Deed Makers Officer is a general official who is authorized to make a deed concerning legal regulations concerning land rights or ownership rights over a unit of flats, this stipulates in Government Regulation Number 37 of 1998 concerning PPAT Position Regulations, specifically in article 22 which states that : Deed of Acting Author of Land Deed Must be read / Explained its contents to the parties attended by at least 2 (two) participants before it was immediately signed by the parties, representatives and PPAT conducted before the Land Deed was made seen. Pursuant to the regulation on the making of the Deed of Transition on Land there is still a PPAT that does not apply. Article 22 of the Government Regulation Number 37 of 1998 according to the procedure as mandated by the legislation requested, is needed to make the writer as a researcher who wants to reproduce and reveal whether there is no article 22 PP 37 below is approved according to the agreed regulationsKeywords: Effectiveness of PPAT, Implementation of PP 37/1998


In this paper we present a design at the software and hardware modules of an embedded board with a sensor and an interface circuit both to control home LED lighting appliances and to avoid their difference in brightness caused by luminous decay. Our design is divided into three parts: an automatically adjusted LED driver, environment illumination detection and a wireless remote control unit.


Alumni is a product of an educational institution. The quality of the alumni shows the quality of the educational institution. The fact is increasingly felt, especially for college alumni. This is because alumni of college will directly come into contact with the world of work.
Tracer study activity is one of the activities that have a very strategic value in the development of a college. STMIK Akakom is one of the universities in the city of Yogyakarta is required to always mempebaiki quality of education process accompanied by efforts to increase its relevance in the framework of global competition. In addition Tracer study is one effort that is expected to provide information to evaluate educational outcomes in STMIK Akakom. This information is used for further development in ensuring educational quality.
This research produces alumni application of STMIK Akakom alumni by utilizing Geographic information system to map the location where alumni work, besides that it also displays alumni data in the form of year of admission, graduation year, long waiting time to work first after graduation


This thesis deals with an important political thinker of the 20th century Hannah Arendt.
The first part of thesis focuses on the explanation of concept totalitarianism in the work of Hannah Arendt, who resolves this phenomenon in her post-war files. Also thesis dedicates to different forms of anti-Semitism.
The second part of work is interested in book Eichmann in Jerusalem, where Hannah Arendt shows example of serial human that time and explains fiction of totalitarianism


In the development of higher medical colleges, the role of discipline construction is becoming increasingly apparent. Discipline construction has become a fundamental task of medical colleges and universities as it carries the responsibilities and missions of medical colleges and universities, such as training medical talents, improving medical science and technology and improving people's health. Discipline construction is the fundamental task of medical colleges and universities, and it is of great significance to promote the development of medical colleges and universities. With the rapid development of higher medical education in China, the connotation and mode of discipline construction are constantly changing. Based on the author's study and practical experience, this paper first analyzed the connotation and significance of discipline echelon construction in medical colleges and universities, and then, according to the specific situation of Heilongjiang Province, it put forward the countermeasures of discipline echelon construction in medical colleges and universities. This paper is of great theoretical and practical significance for promoting the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of medical colleges and universities.


Research was conducted on leaching kinetics of silver sulfur in[Bmim]HSO4-Fe2(SO4)3-thiourea system.Effects of thiourea concentration,stirring speed and leaching temperature on the leaching rate of silver were investigated.Results showed that the leaching rate of silver has been greatly influenced by the thiourea concentration,presenting a linear increasing trend with an increase in the concentration. However,such growth trend slows down after the concentration reaches 0. 16 mol /L. Besides,a higher temperature can remarkably improve the leaching speed and leaching rate of silver. Tests showed that the leaching rate was improved from 61. 21% to 82. 91% and leaching time required was shorten from 18 hrs to 15 hrs as the temperature rose from 298 K to 328 K. Stirring speed has also some extent of influence on the silver leaching rate,but very limited. In the research of the leaching kinetics,after being fitted with the kinetic equation of external diffusion controlling and kinetic equation of inner diffusion controlling,respectively,it is found that silver-leaching process at the temperature ranging from 298 K to 328 K,conforming with"unreacted shrinking core"model is predominantly controlled by the inner diffusion step,with an apparent activation energy at 27. 99 kJ /mol.


In 1962, in Japan, a macroscopic classification of early gastric carcinoma was established to facilitate discussions between endoscopists, radiologists, surgeons, cytologists and pathologists [1]. The classification into types I, IIa, IIb, IIc, and III has also been applied to superficial esophageal carcinoma since 1972 and to early colorectal neoplasia since 1977 [2,3]. This classification, based on the extent of elevation and depression, was originally meant to be used only for carcinomas that are limited to the mucosa and submucosa, and it was intended that lesions should be classified on the basis of inspection of surgically resected specimens with the naked eye. It was advocated that the prefix "type 0" (0-I, 0-IIa, etc.) be used to distinguish these early and superficial carcinomas from advanced carcinomas. The latter were classified into type 1 (protuberant), type 2 (ulceratedwith clear margin), type 3 (ulcerated with infiltration), type 4 (diffusely infiltrating), and type 5 (unclassifiable). Moreover, it was advocated that the word "like" be appended for lesions clinically suspected to be advanced (IIc-like, IIalike, etc.), and the word "like" should be omitted only after histological confirmation that the lesionwas a carcinoma limited to the mucosa and submucosa (T1 tumor). For the colorectum it has been proposed to append "like" to all lesions for as long as histological confirmation is lacking [3].


This chapter describes self-study research that used qualitative methods to examine how films were incorporated into the secondary classroom. The study documents how popular culture movies were used in an urban high school history class to facilitate students' critical literacy. By viewing the film Enemy of the State, students were able to bridge their inside-of-school experiences with their outside-of-school practices. Incorporating popular culture movies into the history curriculum helped students shift their perspective of films from entertainment to sources of knowledge. Linking the film to the history curriculum helped students see how past events helped to shape contemporary life. Students were able to ask questions about broader social issues and engage in research to further explore topics raised in the film.


Spin-orbit coupling enables to separate and manipulate spin-polarized electrons solely by the electric field. In the 2-dimentional (2D) systems such as the surface or interface, the spin degeneracy is lifted by the breaking of the space inversion symmetry and the strong spin-orbit coupling, and resulting in the splitting of energy bands (Rashba effect). Group-V semimetal bismuth (Bi) is well known as a typical material to indicate the Rashba effect because of the heavy atomic mass. However, Rashba effect of Bi has been discussed in simple vortical spin structure despite its anisotropic electron structure. To investigate the detailed spin structure of Bi(111) surface states, we have performed high-resolution spinand angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (spin-resolved ARPES) on Bi thin film grown on Si(111). The conventional Rashba theory has predicted that the spin configuration is only restricted to the in-plane direction while the magnitude of spin polarization is the same irrespective of the momentum direction. In this study, we have observed the asymmetric in-plane spin polarization and a giant out-of-plane spin polarization by specifying the k region with higher accuracy [1]. We also report the significant reduction in the spin polarization of Rashba surface states near the M point as decreasing film thickness [2], and the 1D band dispersion with a giant Rashba effect from the edge state of Bi islands [3].


The Sustainable Development Goals specify a need to measure the literacy and numeracy levels of the adult population 15 and over. This report recommends definitions for literacy and numeracy and proposes a strategy for monitoring progress. Prepared by: T. Scott Murray DataAngel Policy Research Incorporated email@example.com www.dataangel.ca GAML4/REF/15


A multilayer wiring substrate, a semiconductor device, and a solder resist are provided to reduce a signal delay by decreasing an inductance of a signal delivery path. A semiconductor device includes a resin multilayer wiring substrate(21) and a semiconductor chip(22). The semiconductor chip is flip-chip-implemented on the resin multilayer wiring substrate by using a solder bump. The resin multilayer wiring substrate includes a resin build-up laminate and solder resist layers. Plural build-up layers are laminated on the resin build-up laminate. The solder resist layers are formed on upper and lower surfaces of the resin build-up laminate. Each of the build-up layers contains Cu wiring patterns. A portion of the Cu wiring pattern forms a through-hole via, which penetrates the resin build-up laminate.


ABSTRACT The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of an aqueous Boerhavia diffusa leaf extract (BLEt) (200 mg/kg) in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. Administration of BLEt for four weeks resulted in a significant reduction in plasma thio-barbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid peroxides, cerulo-plasmin, and α-tocopherol and a significant elevation in plasma of reduced glutathione and vitamin C in the diabetic rats. A comparison between the action of BLEt and antidiabetic drug glibenclamide (600 μg/kg) indicated the effect of BLEt was more prominent than glibenclamide.


Trajectory planning using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is a powerful approach because vehicle dynamics and other constraints can be taken into account. However, it is currently severely limited by poor scalability. This paper presents a new approach which improves the scalability regarding the amount of obstacles and the distance between the start and goal positions. While previous approaches hit computational limits when the problem contains tens of obstacles, our approach can handle tens of thousands of polygonal obstacles successfully on a typical consumer computer. This performance is achieved by dividing the problem into many smaller MILP subproblems using two sets of heuristics. Each subproblem models a small part of the trajectory. The subproblems are solved in sequence, gradually building the desired trajectory. The first set of heuristics generate each subproblem in a way that minimizes its difficulty, while preserving stability. The second set of heuristics select a limited amount obstacles to be modeled in each subproblem, while preserving consistency. To demonstrate that this approach can scale enough to be useful in real, complex environments, it has been tested on maps of two cities with trajectories spanning over several kilometers.


Speeding up addition is the key to faster digital signal processing (DSP). This can be achieved by exploiting the properties of redundant number systems. Their expanded symbol (digit) alphabet gives them multiple representations for most values. Utilising redundant representations at the output of an adder permits addition to be performed without carry-propagation, yielding fast, constant time performance irrespective of the word length. A resource efficient implementation of this fast adder structure is developed that re-purposes the fast carry logic of low-cost field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Experiments confirm constant time addition and show that it outperforms binary ripple carry addition at word lengths of greater than 44 bits in a Xilinx Spartan 3 FPGA and 24 bits in an Altera Cyclone III FPGA. Redundancy also provides other properties that can be exploited for performance gain. Some redundant representations will have more zero-symbols than others. These maximise the opportunities to exploit the multiplicative absorbing and additive identity properties of zero that when exercised reduce superfluous calculations. A serial recoding algorithm is developed that generates a redundant representation for a specified value with as few nonzero symbols as possible. Unlike previously published methods, it accepts a wide specification of number systems including those with irregularly spaced symbol alphabets. A Markov analysis and analysis of the elementary cycles in the formulated state machine provides average and worst case measures for the tested number system. Typically, the average number of non-zero symbols is less than a third and the worst case is less than a half. Further to the increase in zero-symbols, zero-dominance is proposed as a new property of redundant number representations. It promotes a set of representations that have uniquely positioned zero-symbols, in a Pareto-optimal sense. This set covers all representations of a value and is used to select representations to optimise the calculation of a dot-product. The dot-product or vector-multiply is a fundamental operation in DSP, since it is employed in filtering, correlation and convolution. The nonzero partial products can be packed together, substantially reducing the calculation time. The application of


This article explains the need for an alternative conceptual framework for conducting macroscale soil geographic research. A top-down approach to the classic state factor paradigm is then described and illustrated by revisiting the idea of soil zonality to investigate the relationship between climate and soil character across the contiguous United States. Although many macroscale soil maps suggest strong relationships between soil properties and climate, few studies have explicitly demonstrated those relationships using unclassified point observations. Data from 10,661 sample points were analyzed using geographically weighted regression (GWR) models to describe the geography of the relationship between A-horizon soil properties and climate. In addition, macroscale soil property surfaces were interpolated from measured point samples visually to assess the validity of the zonal soil concepts. Results suggest many interesting relationships between climate and surface soil character. Local-scale soil variability related to topography and parent material was not found to exceed macroscale variability related to climate. Three of the four surface soil properties analyzed exhibited strong zonality, thus lending support to the concept of zonal soils. GWR was found to be an excellent tool for use in macroscale geographic soil research because of the coefficient maps that the procedure yields.


The temperature dependence of electron and Hall mobilities in accumulation and inversion layers is presented for silicon‐on‐sapphire films. The inversion‐layer mobilities, as a function of surface carrier density, are also given. It is suggested that the reduced mobility resulting in these layers is due to silicon‐oxygen complexes located near the film surface. From the data presented, it is expected that deep‐depletion n‐channel transistors will have approximately 40% higher effective mobilities than conventional inversion‐mode n‐channel devices on sapphire.


Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine the perspectives of the Nursing service workforce on the exodus of nurses occurring at a government tertiary hospital and their interventions. The outcome of the study served as basis for recommendations to the Human Resource Management of the hospital. Specifically, the study answered the following questions:1.What are the perspectives of the nurse administrators on the exodus of nurses in terms of:1.1.staff replacement;1.2.scheduling of duties;1.3.work assignment;1.4.scheduling of leaves;1.5.supervision;1.6.staff promotion; and1.7.budget needs.2.What are the perspectives of the staff nurses on the exodus of nurses in terms of:2.1.work load;2.2.competence;2.3.promotion and career path; and2.4.nursing administrators' functions.3.What are the perspectives of the nursing attendants on the exodus of nurses in terms of:3.1.own workload;3.2.nurses' work load;3.3.nurses' competence;3.4.nurses' promotion and career path;3.5.its affectations on nursing administrators' functions?4.What interventions have been put in place to cope with the affectations of the exodus of nurses as perceived by:4.1.nurse administrators;4.2.staff nurses; and4.3.nursing attendants? Methods:The qualitative study utilized the nursing service workforce of Zamboanga City Medical Clinic, Zamboanga City, Philippines which consists of 20 nurse supervisors, 95 staff nurses, and 41 nursing attendants. A structured interview guide was used. Findings and Conclusion:The nurse administrators perceived that the exodus of nurses affected their work as it took time to replace staff. Due to the lack of personnel, scheduling of duties was difficult. They acted as relievers or went "on call" or as "trouble shooters." Granting of leaves was difficult and more supervision was needed over the new hires. However, there was a greater chance of staff nurse promotion. More budget was needed for hiring of contractual health workers to augment the nursing workforce.The staff nurses also perceived an increase in their work load. Although the senior nurses were competent, the increase in patient and area loads made them less effective, having less time for patient care. However, the staff nurses had more chances of getting promoted.Some nursing attendants, likewise, perceived an increase in their work load because they worked with the staff nurses as a team. Others, however, claimed that they were not affected of the exodus since they have different functions and responsibilities. There is an increase in the workload for the nursing service workload due to nurse migration while replacement process is underway. Volunteers and contractual health workers were utilized to augment the workforce. Staff promotion is a welcome event caused by the vacancies due to the resignation of employees.The exodus of nurses adversely affected the financial status, system and operations of the hospital. However, the nursing attendants were not affected because they maximized the volunteer and contractual workers to augment the workforce.Recommended citation:Gonzales, M. G. M. & Amparado, M. A. P. (2009, March). Exodus of Nurses in a Tertiary Government Hospital: Nursing Service Workforce Perspectives. 2009 Southwestern University Research Congress, 1(1), 35-37.


In the present study a methodology for correlation between soiling rate of solar photovoltaic (PV) glass and weather conditions using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is presented. To perform the study, a solar PV glazing was exposed outdoor at home Solar Energy Platform in Rabat, Morocco. Regular measurements from April 20, to December 31, 2016, were performed in the platform of High College for Education and Research ENS - Rabat to monitor the change of soiling rate over time. Meteorological data composed by solar irradiance G, ambient temperature Tamb, wind speed Ws, wind direction Wd, relative humidity RH, and rainfall RF were used as input variables for ANN modelling. The performance of the models was evaluated on the basis of statistical indices Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and the coefficient of determination (R2). Results show that the employ of Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation algorithm, and the active functions Tansig (hidden layer) and Purline (output layer) in an ANN architecture 6-35-1 achieve the best estimations (RMSE = 0.4541, MAPE = 0.348, and R2 = 0.9848). Therefore, this method is a promising framework for its application in smart sensors on cleaning systems for PV modules to improve their operational efficiency. Based on Garson Algorithm, the sensitivity analysis has shown that rainfall, followed by wind direction respectively impacts the soiling rate more than the other metenrological parameters.


The paper features the problem of the qualification standard for court representatives introduced into the Civil Procedure Code and the Arbitration Procedure of the Russian Federation. The current legislation that regulates relations in the field of higher education allows for a broader interpretation of the concept of "person with higher education". In this regard, not every person with a higher legal education will be able to provide a qualitative representation in court. It may interfere with the right to qualified legal assistance and does not improve the quality of such assistance. The authors do not approve of the fact that the figure of attorney was excluded from the final text of the law, as well as the impossibility of joint representation of the party's interests by several persons, including those without higher legal education, provided that at least one of them has the necessary education. The authors highlight various separate procedural problems associated with the non-uniform character of the requirements for representatives depending on the type of court. These problems are also found in the implementation of another institute introduced by the Federal Law of November 28, 2018, No. 451-FZ – namely, reference of jurisdiction.


Four hundred and sixty-four patients with solitary intramucosal gastric cancer were subjected to a study of risk factors of lymph node metastases and the recurrence. Lymph node metastases were recognized in 6 cases (1.3%, n1 2, n2 4). The largest diameters of these tumors ranged from 1 cm to 10 cm (mean 5.6 cm). They showed macroscopically depressed types including 3 IIc types, IIc+III type, 3 type and 5 type. Histology revealed all the tumors contained foci of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma including 3 por, 2 sig and tub 2. Intramucosal gastric cancers with lymph node metastases were characterized by larger diameter, more often associated ulceration and more often overstimated serosal invasion than those without lymph node metastases. Three of 6 patiens with lymph node metastases died of cancer recurrence at 25, 61 and 71 months after surgery. The 4 recurrent cases died of cancer and had larger diameter (more than 4 cm) and were more often associated with ulceration and lymph node metastases than nonrecurrent 399 cases. We conclude that the depressed poorly differentiated gastric cancer with ulceration, even if it is an intramucosal cancer, can metastasize to lymph nodes; such a cancer should be treated by gastrectomy with lymph node dissection; and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy should be mandatory, if lymph node metastases exist.


Respiratory dysfunction is one of the most debilitating effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) impacting the quality of life of patients and caregivers. In addition, breathing difficulties impact the rehabilitation routine a patient may potentially undergo. Transcutaneous electrical spinal cord neuromodulation (TESCoN) is a novel approach to reactivate and retrain spinal circuits after paralysis. We demonstrate that acute and chronic TESCoN therapy over the cervical spinal cord positively impacts the breathing and coughing ability in a patient with chronic tetraplegia. ln addition, we show that the improved breathing and coughing ability are not only observed in the presence of TESCoN but persisted for a few days after TESCoN was stopped.


Due to the substantial increase in sources of gas, natural gas interchangeability is a key subject in the industry today. The extensive pipeline network means that natural gas arriving at appliances, boilers, burners and power plant turbines could come from anywhere. Fuel compositions vary from one source to another. Moreover, most recently, Liquefied Natural Gas has emerged as a major source and the composition of gas derived from LNG substantially differs from the natural gas one. In Dry Low NOx (DLN) systems, those changes in fuel composition can cause dangerous increase in combustion dynamics and can also affect the NOx emissions of the machine. Therefore, in order to meet the growing market demand for gas turbine combustors able to tolerate significant alterations in fuel composition, a system capable of burning gases with differing and variable over time Wobbe Indexes was developed. This innovative system does not involve any combustion hardware modifications. It allows the use of a premixed combustion system that complies with emissions, reliability, and safety, even when burning a fuel that is distinctly different from the original design gas. In particular, the system was developed in order to meet the requirements of a customer for burning any continuously and slowly varying mixture of two fuel gases, whose Wobbe Indexes difference is up to 25%. Since the burner is designed for 100% of the gas with lower Wobbe Index, the gas that has a higher WI needs to be heated, in order to achieve a target Modified Wobbe Index; the same happens for any mixture of the two gases. The system is based on a closed loop control on the Modified Wobbe Index of the fuel. Two turbine control gas chromatographs, located upstream the combustor inlet, measure the gas characteristics (LHV, specific gravity and temperature) and calculates the MWI. If it is different from the target one, it is corrected by modifying the temperature set point of a heat exchanger. The hardware is completed with one more plant gas chromatograph, located upstream the heat exchanger, for evaluating the fast and complete switch from one gas to the other one. In addition to the normal operation, that is with the 100% Lower Wobbe Index gas (L) or 100% Higher Wobbe Index gas (H) or any continuously and slowly varying mixture of these two gases, the system allows both the black and the normal start, the complete switch back and forth between 100% L gas and 100% H gas and load sheds and rejection. Moreover the two gases can be burned in diffusion combustion mode, as available, without requiring any increase in temperature, with no limitation from firing to full load. The capability of the system to adjust to all of the previously described events, potentially dangerous and damaging for the Gas Turbine combustion system, makes it suitable for applications that burn different lots of gases coming from different LNG sources, since it allows the turbine to accommodate the differences in Wobbe Index, due to various gas lots on a pipe line.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


This study examines a fluent aphasic subject with word-finding difficulties and kanji dyslexia who showed significant picture cue effects in oral reading of kana but who showed no such effects when he performed oral reading of kanji. The study applies, based on the triangle model of oral reading, a cognitive neuropsychological approach to the mechanism of kana-kanji dissociation in oral reading exhibited by the subject. The approach was made on the hypothesis that kana words are mainly processed through the phonological route at high conversion rates from orthography to phonology, whereas kanji words are primarily processed through the semantic route at low conversion rates. It is also assumed that picture naming is processed through the semantic route. If the subject has damage to phonological representations, the phonology will not be sufficiently activated through the semantic route and, he may suffer from kanji dyslexia and word-finding difficulties as a result. The subject performed well in oral reading of kana because it is assumed that oral reading of kana effectively activated phonological representations through the phonological route. The subject also exhibited significant picture cue effects in oral reading of kana. This is probably because of the summation effects that were produced by the relatively strong activation of phonology through the phonological route, and by the activation of phonology through the semantic route prompted by picture cueing. In case of oral reading of kanji, on the other hand, it is suggested that the phonological activation through the phonological route did not take place nor did the summation effects by picture cueing. INTRODUCTION This thesis was written based on the model of cognitive neuropsychology that studies the normal cognitive processing systems and the mechanisms of impaired cognitive systems. The conventional neuropsychology focuses, as one of its central themes, on investigating the functions of specific brain sites by studying the relation between the damaged sites and the functions lost due to the damage. By contrast, the aim of cognitive neuropsychology is to examine the cognitive and language mechanisms in the case of brain damage as well as to find out where in the normal cognitive model the damage may be located to cause the disorder in a given case (Tatsumi, 2002). The study in this thesis observed a subject with aphasia caused by cerebral infarction who exhibited kana-kanji dissociation in oral reading and who showed improvement in oral reading of kana when prompted with picture cueing. To analyze the impaired oral-reading processes in a case of brain damage, based on the approach of cognitive neuropsychology, we need a model that describes the oral-reading processes of a A Cognitive Neuropsychological Approach to the Mechanism of Kana-Kanji Dissociation in Oral Reading Tatsuya Yamagishi, Ph.D.


A technique for quantitating soluble and suspended mercurials in petroleum was evaluated as potentially useful for the analysis and screening of crudes and napthas. Crudes and napthas can contain hazardous concentrations of mercury capable of causing the embrittlement of aluminum piping and heat exchange equipment. Electro-Thermal Vaporization (ETV) was used to atomize the sample at 2650°C. The aerosol of this untreated sample was channeled via an argon gas stream into an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The study centers on the alkanes ranging from pentane (C5) to dotriacontane (C32) and reveals trends relevant to the analysis of mixed nonpolar unknowns. The system produces useful sensitivities in the range of C5 to C14 with a detection limit of 3 (±50%) parts per billion in pentane. For carbon mixtures above C14 there was advanced equipment wear and suppression of the analytical signal. This suppression is attributed to changes in the sample transport efficiency and destabilization of the plasma due to a greater energy release for the longer chains. The formation efficiencies of the monovalent ion were considered, and several compounds were investigated. No statistical difference between the burning of diethyldithiocarbamate mercury (DEDTC Hg as found in Conostan standards) and elemental mercury as standards was found.


Indonesia is in the area of equatorial latitude which is known as a tropical climate country. On the other hand, many Indonesian people are prone to suffering typical tropical disease such as typhoid, dengue and malaria. With the motivation to curb disease, they should be informed about awareness, treatment and knowledge regarding to tropical diseases such as the symptoms, causes and early prevention. Web-based expert system is one well-known solution, which can access online via internet. Usually, traditional inference engine is possible to make misdiagnosis in medical domain. In addition, modern inference e.g. Bayes theory are complicated plus insufficient to substitute complete human brain reasoning activities. Therefore, this study aims to hybridize Forward Chaining and Certainty Factor method for diagnosing common tropical diseases suffered by Indonesian people. We have used ten types of tropical disease namely typhoid, dengue, chingkungunya fever, malaria, chicken pox, tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, SARS and elephantiasis along with 38 symptoms for representing every disease into a knowledge base. We compare the results between expert's diagnosis and our proposed web-based expert system after running ten times consecutively. We can conclude that hybridization of Forward Chaining and Certainty Factor methods during developing the web-based expert system, can significantly diagnose tropical diseases properly.


Bulking sludge is a worldwide problem and is also a major fact or to limit the development of activated Sludge processes.This paper analysised the reason for sludge bulking in Wangxinzhuang Wastewater Treatment Plant.


_Technology's place in society is increasingly significant and debated. Although the
inclusion of gender in discussions about technology is not novel, striking examples
such as sexism (and racism) in artificial intelligence underscore the urgency
of the debate. Popular sci-fi TV forms an important arena for the meaning-making
on gender and technology for its audiences. Going beyond 'gender essentialism'
and 'technological determinism', this study investigates gender and technology
as represented in Black Mirror. As an anthology series, Black Mirror presents its
audiences recognizable technologies and a diverse cast (in terms of gender and
race). Employing a mixture of narrative and discourse analysis on all episodes
of Black Mirror, how discourses on technology are gendered in Black Mirror is
unravelled. Two dominant discourses – the Spectacle and the New Social Contract
– show that beyond a manifest gender neutrality of technology, on a latent level
patriarchal discourses are dominant in imagined future societies._


Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of mortality from cancers of female reproductive tract in the world. Despite decades of research, it is still associated with unacceptably high mortality rates. OC develops silently towards presentation with advanced disease, which is generally successfully treated with a combination of surgical de-bulking and chemotherapy. In spite of initial treatment success, an unacceptably high number of patients develop terminal, recurrent, chemoresistant disease. Clearly, patients require novel treatments that target the development of recurrent chemoresistant disease. One avenue through which this may be achieved is the targeting of 'Cancer Stem Cells' (CSCs), to which strong evidence points as the cell that is responsible for the development of chemoresistant recurrence. Chemoresistance is the main challenge for the recurrent ovarian cancer therapy and responsible for treatment failure and unfavorable clinical outcome. Cancer stem cells play important roles in ovarian cancer chemoresistance. Cancer stem cells are rare chemotherapy resistant cells within a tumor which can serve to populate the bulk of a tumor with more differentiated daughter cells and potentially contribute to recurrent disease. To date, the study of CSC in ovarian cancer has been extremely challenging. Chemoresistance is a major limitation in the treatment of ovarian cancer. In our review, we focused our attention on the properties of ovarian cancer stem cells (CSCs); the putative ovarian CSC markers and the possible mechanisms of CSCs in ovarian cancer chemoresistance.


Angular distributions for the elastic scattering of 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5 MeV 3He-particles by 27Al nuclei have been measured for scattering angles between 35" and 160° in the laboratory system. The data have been analysed using optical model Woods-Saxon potentials. The reaction 27AI (3He,α) 26AI has been measured at incident energy of 6.5 MeV. Angular distributions were measured for the ground, first (0.229 MeV), second (0.418 MeV), third (1.059 MeV), fourth (1.760/1.852 MeV) and sixth (2.07/2.98 MeV) excited states in 26Al. The spectra were recorded at every 10" between 50° and 160" (lab.).


Summary The purpose of teachers, teaching, and the curriculum in schools is to promote learning. Attempts to clarify teacher effectiveness in relation to pupil learning where they exist in past literature have been notably ambiguous. Rather global measures by headteachers, college tutors and inspectors have been used instead, or dimensions have been extracted from detailed observations of classroom interaction. Reasons for recent concern with evaluation of the applicability of the teacher's training, method or lesson content to his task are advanced, and it is argued that once the dimensions of children's learning that are to be the specific responsibility of the school are defined, criteria for successful learning could be evolved by teachers along each dimension. Assessment and interpretations would, however, need to involve wide considerations of the concepts of learning, behaviour, interest, motivation etc., and this, although an enormous task, must be done.


This project aims to build a charging system using wind energy as a source to the riders. This system uses the wind to continue and supplying electricity directly to mobile phones. This system has four stages beginning with the load followed by generators, converters and end with the product. From load, there happens system where generator can produce electric energy. This cause from load moves relatively and induced the magnetic field. From vary of time magnetic field induced, there have current flow. This process move on to the next stage which is stage of converts alternate current to direct current. Starting with step-down transformer followed by rectifier. Next is smoothing or called filter with finish by voltage regulator.


Ethics of property right is an essential spirit basis of modern marketeconomy. It is not only an important condition to establish effective institution of property right and move mechanism, but also one of core value idea that human ethics system, which is construct account of the internal logic relations of right, duty and moral. There is important theory valued and immediate significance to research ethics of property right. It can consist of an Ethics subject is of the characteristic on subject quality, study method and theory contents.


This application describes an embodiment of a method for network-assisted interference cancellation. Some embodiments of the present method includes a step of broadcasting control information from the first cell on a common control channel. Control information is associated with a data channel sent by the first cell, and the control information, in order to reduce the interference caused by the data channel at the user equipment, the user equipment served by the second cell It can be used by.


© 2008 The Authors 125 Journal compilation © 2008 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; 48: 124–127 previously published report. The latter report was also subsumed in the current meta-analysis. We believe that including the same patients twice in a meta-analysis is methodologically inappropriate. Each meta-analysis is limited by its own predetermined criteria. Based on our criteria, we found that erythromycin or clindamycin administration in the second trimester was related to a decrease in the rate of preterm birth. Moreover, when we looked at the individual effect of metronidazole (by excluding all studies that added erythromycin or clindamycin to metronidazole), we found that its use was associated with an increase in the rate of preterm birth. Therefore, we agree with the authors on the real possibility of harm by metronidazole to women at high risk of preterm delivery. However, we believe that there is enough evidence to suggest that clindamycin should be recommended for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy and has a high chance of preventing preterm delivery if given during the second trimester.


In their 2007 paper, E.S. Allman and J.A. Rhodes characterise the phylogenetic ideal of general Markov distributions for binary data on the leaves of a tree. Further, as yet unpublished, results by Zwiernik, Maclagan and Smith enable us to check simple inequality constraints to ensure the joint probabilities are valid for the model. We investigate the use of these results in the finding of maximum likelihood estimates for the joint distribution. We demonstrate a method of finding the MLEs using the ideals for the quartet tree, and make a comparison with the EM algorithm.


Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation using coprime array is discussed, and a fast method using a sensor-saving coprime array with enlarged inter-element spacing is proposed. Original coprime array combines the results obtained from two coprime subarrays to uniquely determine the DOA estimation, and it is shown in this paper that one subarray actually only requires half of its original sensor number and can achieve enlarged inter-element spacing based on the array compensation from the cross correlation matrix. Thereafter, a fast DOA estimation method, which extracts the noise subspace without eigenvalue decomposition, is proposed to obtain coprime DOA estimations based on one dimensional root finding technique. Final unique DOA is estimated from the coincide results of the coprime estimations. Simulation results verify that the proposed method can achieve almost the same estimation performance as conventional methods while requiring less sensors.


Evolution of the electron energy band alignment at interfaces between different semiconductors and wide-gap oxide insulators is examined using the internal photoemission spectroscopy, which is based on observations of optically-induced electron (or hole) transitions across the semiconductor/insulator barrier. Interfaces of various semiconductors ranging from the conventional silicon to the high-mobility Ge-based (Ge, , ) and group (GaAs, , InAs, GaP, InP, GaSb, InSb) materials were studied revealing several general trends in the evolution of band offsets. It is found that in the oxides of metals with cation radii larger than ≈0.7 A, the oxide valence band top remains nearly at the same energy (±0.2 eV) irrespective of the cation sort. Using this result, it becomes possible to predict the interface band alignment between oxides and semiconductors as well as between dissimilar insulating oxides on the basis of the oxide bandgap width which are also affected by crystallization. By contrast, oxides of light elements, for example, Be, Mg, Al, Si, and Sc exhibit significant shifts of the valence band top. General trends in band lineup variations caused by a change in the composition of semiconductor photoemission material are also revealed.


Electrochemical techniques for on-line monitoring were used to study 70Cu-30Ni alloy corrosion in lithium bromide solution under flow operating conditions in an absorption heat pump. The cause of metallic corrosion on the studied alloy is the localized attack of the passive film surface by bromide ions at lower temperatures, and dissolution of the protective film at higher temperatures and flow conditions. Laboratory experiments were performed using the rotating disk electrode (RDE) under dynamic conditions and different temperatures, similar to the operating pump parameters. This was done to understand the corrosion behavior of the copper alloy prior to on-line monitoring assessment. A corrosion probe consisting in three identical copper alloy ring electrodes embedded in Teflon tube sections to isolate them, with the same diameter as the piping to prevent breaking down pipe flow continuity, was designed and installed. Results under various operating conditions were evaluated. Measurements obtained showed the dynamics of this industrial system and the benefits of real time monitoring in understanding corrosion behavior of 70Cu-30Ni alloy in lithium bromide solution used as working fluid and heat absorbent in heat pumps.


The invention provides a method for producing building template base paper, belonging to the technical field of paper making. The method comprises the following steps of by adopting high quality clean waste newspapers as main raw material, not stewing the raw material, controlling mass concentration of used wet strength agent between 11% and 13.5%, controlling use amount about 37-42 kg/t oven drystock; performing pulping and paper making processes on paper pulp of the main raw material, and finally performing rewinding. The process conditions are as follows: the beating degree of finished pulp is 38-42 DEG SR; the sieve process condition is that the concentration of the upper sieve is 0.6-0.7% (mass concentration); the pH value of the upper sieve is 7.0-8.5; the squeezing process conditions are that the first squeezing is 0.25-0.35 MPa, the second squeezing is 0.25-0.35 MPa and the third squeezing is 0.15-0.25 MPa. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that a large amount of timbers are saved, the production cost is reduced, and recycling of waste materials is realized; and meanwhile, the produced base paper is good in quality, and fully meets the requirements of building industry on template base paper.


Although artificial light at night (ALAN) is essential for nighttime activities, any unregulated and abusive usage can lead to severe degradation in quality of life. In this study, we used high-resolution nighttime remote sensing data of 1-meter spatial resolution to investigate light sources in an urban area of Hong Kong with one million residents. We classified ALAN sources into three categories based on their origins: Building, Park, and Street. We found that 42% of light was from Building, a large fraction of which was unnecessary decorative lighting such as signboards. Lighting from Street accounted for 41%, whereas an unexpectedly high proportion was associated with Park (17%), with sport facilities-related lighting being the dominant contributor. We also detailed one case study which shows the disruptive effects of unregulated usage of LED signboards to the neighboring residential apartments.


New 8-[(4-nitrophenyl)-2-azothiazolyl]-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (HL) has been synthesized and characterized. X-Ray diffraction study reveals the structure of HL as tetragonal non-promitive system. The compound is also found to be active against some bacterial and fungal species.


ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to investigate process limits and properties of porous tapes obtained by solid-phase die-drawing of talc-filled polypropylene to a thickness of 1 mm, which is low for this process. Two different composites with different talc particle size distributions were drawn under similar conditions and the development of porosity with increasing linear draw ratio was more gradual in the drawn product with smaller mean particle size, leading to greater mechanical strength even at a final porosity level matching that in the other drawn material. The morphology of the drawn products was examined to explain these trends. Graphical Abstract


Quality schedule network diagrams are characterized by containing the entire time and logic information of the schedule in a highly legible format. This working paper presents an algorithm with which schedulers can improve the clarity of the graphical representations of schedule networks that they create. The algorithm has been designed to emulate the approach that a human scheduler takes when being asked to prepare a manually drawn activity-on-thenode diagram. Activities are automatically placed into a grid so that closely dependent activities are located near each other and the number of logic link crossings within the schedule network is kept low. An illustrated step-by-step example assists with using the algorithm, which itself is written in intuitive pseudo-code. Various considerations for good graphics design of schedule are provided. Under ongoing research into schedule network analysis and optimization it is planned to investigate more powerful arranging algorithms and to develop a software implementation.


A fundamental 229–240 GHz voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) driving directly a divide-by-8 dynamic frequency divider chain is presented. To our best knowledge, this is the highest reported fundamental VCO integrated with a frequency divider in silicon. Furthermore, the high-frequency divider operational range up to 240 GHz is a record value for dynamic dividers in silicon. The down-converted signal (<30 GHz) at the output of the divider chain has a measured constant single-ended power of ∼-11.5 dBm within the VCO operation range. The presented circuit makes possible the addition of further low-frequency dividers and a phase-locked loop (PLL) needed for the stabilization of a VCO. The circuit is fabricated in a 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology with fT/fmax = 250/370 GHz.


Soil samples contaminated with pesticides were coll e ted from agricultural fields in and around Pudukk ottai district, TamilNadu. Samples were inoculated into m ineral salts medium with Lambda cyhalothrin as the sole source of carbon and incubated for 12 days. Intermittent a ddition of pesticide was carried out for enrichment of cultures. Bacteria capable of degrading lambda cyhalothrin we re isolated on mineral salts agar medium. From the 6 samples collected, 52 isolates capable of degrading lambda cyhalothrin was obtained, majority of them being gr am negative in nature. Out of these, 3 were capable of showing good growth in mineral salts medium. Screening of t he isolates for their efficiencies in degrading lambda cyhaloth rin was carried out based on enrichment technique, sp ctrometric analysis and HPLC studies. Strains JJC1, JJC2 and J JC3 showed the highest tolerance to the pesticide. JJC1 and JJC2 were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophili a and Enterococcus faecalis respectively based on 1 6S rRNA and phylogenetic tree analysis. JJC3 was identifie d as Pseudomonas fluorescens based on cell morpholo gy and various biochemical tests. Of the 3 isolates, Steno trophomonas maltophilia was found to be effective i n tolerating and degrading lambda cyhalothrin. Hence it was used in further studies. The biomass and cell growth we re determined initially for three consecutive days for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The percentage of re sidual pesticide remaining was determined by HPLC. The res idual level of pesticide decreased with the prolong ed incubation of microorganisms along with the pestici de and simultaneously the percentage of degradation also increased gradually indicating that the selected mi croorganisms were capable of degrading the pesticid e, lambda cyhalothrin. Due to their high biodegradation activ ity, the bacteria isolated from this work merit fur ther study as potent biological agents for the remediation of soi l or water contaminated with the pesticide Lambda c yhalothrin.


The article mainly introduces the ODBC(Open DataBase Connectivity) technique, using ODBC API function, SQLConfigDataSource, and WINDOWS API function, Get Module File, the Database saurce of microsoft ACCESS 2000 was configured and the Data Base in Visual C++6.0 was queried. ODBC technique separates the application program and DBMC on logic to quaranted the database independence of the application program. And this article extends the scope of the applying the technique.


Abstract. It has been reported that catecholamines stimulate plasma renin activity (PRA) in vivo and in vitro. Yet the respective roles of endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine are still debated. Therefore two tests were performed in human subjects: the cold pressure and the 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose tests. During these tests and on a control day, blood samples were taken at short intervals for PRA; in some subjects the excretion of epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) was also measured. In 9 healthy males the cold pressure test induced an immediate NE response with increase of systolic and diastolic blood pressure without change in the blood glucose concentration. There was no significant change in the mean value of PRA although in four subjects some rise of PRA occurred. The 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose induced, in response to an intracellular glucopaenia, an E discharge with a rise in the blood glucose concentration. In all 8 healthy males a striking rise of PRA was observed. Neither hyperglycaemia nor the concomitant decline of serum potassium could explain this rise of PRA, since the same changes during oral glucose test were not accompanied by a similar elevation. Patients with Addison's disease of tuberculous origin responded in a normal fashion to the cold pressure test, but failed to present a hyperglycaemia and a rise of PRA in response to 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose. This indicates that an intact adrenal medulla was required for the last stimulus but not for the former. From these studies in man it would appear that endogenous epinephrine stimulates renin more strongly than norepinephrine.


Using direct simulations, weakly nonlinear theory and nonl inear mean-field theory, it is shown that the quenched velocity field of a saturated nonlinear dyn amo can itself act as a kinematic dynamo. The flow is driven by a forcing function that would pro duce a Roberts flow in the absence of a magnetic field. This result confirms an analogous fin ding for the more complicated case of turbulent convection, suggesting that this may be a c ommon property of nonlinear dynamos. It is argued that this property can be used to test no nlinear mean-field dynamo theories.


A new species, Gastrodia kuroshimensis (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Gastrodieae), from Kuroshima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, is described and illustrated. The outlined floral morphology indicates a close affinity to G. fontinalis , but it is easily distinguished by several characteristics, such as the cleistogamous floral condition, smaller perianth tube size and the anther cap joined with the column.


First let me applaud much of what Tim Hitchcock said in his stimulating and cautionary piece about digital history.* He is absolutely right that, whilst welcoming the revolution in the provision of digital sources, we need to think much harder about how we present our research so as to incorporate, through novel ways of referencing, the new resources. He is even more on target when he warns that we generally understand too little about how those resources are constructed and hence fail to appreciate the extent of their – sometimes considerable – limitations. The errors in OCRed text are usually hidden, revealed only when we use something like the JISC Historic Books platform which allows users to see the text that is actually being searched: the results are sometimes salutary. On relatively few occasions do we have keyed text, which is why the TCP project is so valuable. Tim is surely right that 'academic historians have yet to effectively address the implications of the online and the digital for their scholarship, or to rise to the challenge that these resources present' (p. 20). I want nevertheless to push the argument further in three main directions. The first has to do with dimensions of the digital revolution that Tim does not mention but which already affect how we work; the second is to argue that the issues he identifies stretch way beyond the 'academic historians' he describes and have important implications both for teaching and for our interaction with the wider public; and the third point is to express anxieties about how much of the contemporary digital record, the sources for historians of the future, is in danger of being lost. Let's start with dimensions of the digital revolution that are not included in Tim's analysis. Concerned primarily with the nature of digital sources, he perhaps neglects new ways of using them or working digitally using conventional ones. One important area is the virtual research environment (VRE), which seeks to harness new social media tools for research in order to produce a far more collaborative way of doing things.1 A few years ago I headed a project that brought over a dozen scholars together


The child support receiver is a privileged litigant that despite multiple procedural rules in their favor, they are unable to get the payment of the debt in many cases. This analysis shows that according to the current Chilean law, the family court judge can order the payment of child support with the debtor`s pension funds. To use this way of payment, it is required, from a general point of view, to apply the analogy and rule out a penalty for the debtor and, in particular, to make a series of relevant distinctions in terms of pension funds regulation as well as familiar in order to set out the limits for this way of payment during the child support trial.


Massive inguinoscrotal hernias are rare hernias that extend below the midpoint of the inner thigh, in the standing position. We present a case of a 66-
year-old patient with a very large irreducible bilateral direct inguinal hernia, without signs of obstruction or gangrenous changes. The patient was
taken up for surgery under general anesthesia after optimizing the patient using preoperative incentive spirometry and nebulization. We used the
laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal laparoscopic(TAPP) approach to reduce the hernial content which was followed by Lichtenstein's open
bilateral inguinal hernioplasty. The patient was kept sedated and paralyzed on ventilatory support in intensive care for 2 days. Management of giant
hernia is challenging due to various problems such as loss of domain, intraoperative cardiorespiratory complications, increase in intra-abdominal
and intrathoracic pressures. Even after successful management recurrence is another complication faced when compared to other inguinoscrotal
hernias. We describe laparoscopic reduction along with open bilateral inguinal hernioplasty as a viable technique in this patient followed by
elective ventilation in the postoperative period. He did not require bowel resection as adequate abdominal relaxation is attained with this approach.


The dynamic response of explosive microstructures has been explicitly modeled, with the intention of gaining insight into initiation processes from hotspot formation to transition to detonation. In this paper, the authors focus attention upon the inert material response leading to hotspot ignition. Of interest are particle size and shape effects, constitutive effects of both binder and explosive, and their importance to hotspot formation. Effects of chemical reaction are considered elsewhere.


The South Pole Air Shower Experiment (SPASE2) began operation in 1996 and took data until it was decommissioned in December 2006. We are currently analyzing those of the 205 million reconstructed events that were taken during the last five years. In this paper we report on a search for 100 TeV gamma-rays from three specific Southern hemisphere point sources discovered by HESS. that may have gamma-ray spectra extending to energy higher than 50 TeV.


Producing dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as a green chemical with the desired purity is important in the industry. Although studies on the steady‐state design of energy‐efficient extractive distillation processes are important for the purification of DMC‐methanol (DMC‐MeOH) azeotropic mixtures, the dynamic controllability of these processes is also critical in the case of feed condition changes, and it should be investigated carefully. Results of the limited studies in the literature show that changing the operating pressures in extractive distillation processes might have different effects on the dynamic controllability of different systems. Thus, in this study, alternative control strategies are developed for a recently proposed increased‐pressure extractive distillation process to separate DMC‐MeOH mixture. All control structures are designed using inferential temperature controllers, which have a general acceptance in industrial applications. Effects of different ratio controllers are investigated by evaluating the dynamic responses of control structures for disturbances in feed flowrate and composition. Two metrics including integral absolute error and steady‐state deviation of purities are used in the evaluation of alternatives. Results of dynamic simulations show that a control structure including reflux ratio controller is not a suitable strategy for this process. It is demonstrated that a control structure including reflux to feed ratio controller for both distillation columns is necessary for the robust and efficient control of a pressure‐increased extractive distillation process. These efficient dynamic results support the economic advantage of increased‐pressure extractive distillation process separating DMC‐MeOH azeotropic mixtures.


The black bedouin goat is indigenous to the Negev Desert and the Sinai Peninsula and is unusual when compared with other breeds of goat in that it uses sweating rather than panting as its main mode of evaporative heat loss. The sweat rate from the side of the head is greater than that from the thorax. The rate of passive diffusion of water is similar to that of other mammalian species. There is no evidence that circulating adrenaline, either at rest or during exercise, stimulates sweat gland activity. The high rate of sweating is achieved mainly by the individual sweat glands, which secrete at a rate five to 10 times greater than other bovid species. It is concluded that the relatively high solar heat load imposed on this breed of goat by virtue of its black color is primarily dissipated by the development of sweat glands with a high secretory capacity.