neat arrangement of data that makes a lot of sense. Whether there is more in this must remain an open question. As the editor points out, this is not the book on Chinese kinship and marriage nor is it a student's text-book presenting basic information in a convenient way. Rather it reflects the aim behind the symposium—a tentative exploration into one of the many unmapped areas in the sociology of China. The quality of the book shows us, on the one hand, that such joint efforts are meaningful, and on the other that Chinese social studies are still in their period of infancy. Intense scholarly communication of this kind may soon bring our state of knowledge into a phase of toddling.


The invention discloses a flexible water-resistant silicate wood adhesive and a preparation method thereof. The flexible water-resistant silicate wood adhesive is prepared by uniting an acetic acid cellulose emulsion, calcium stearate and a modified silicate solution and comprises components of, by weight, 100-150 parts of a silicate solution, 15-25 parts of acetic acid cellulose, 18-31 parts of acetone, 5-8 parts of isocyanate, 2-4 parts of a hydrophilic chain-extending agent, 5-8 parts of N,N-dimethyl formamide, 0.05-0.1 part of dibutyltin dilaurate, 3-6 parts of organic amine, 0.5-1.5 parts of an accelerating agent, 5-10 parts of the calcium stearate and 20-50 parts of deionized water. The preparation method includes two steps of polymerization preparation of the acetic acid cellulose emulsion by using a self-emulsifiable soap-free emulsion and preparation of the silicate adhesive. According to the flexible water-resistant silicate wood adhesive, performances of gluing materials are excellent.


New sensor processing systems are producing very high data rates. VXS extends the VME architecture to switched serial communications supporting very high data rates between boards. FPGAs can be used to flexibly support a variety of protocols. FPGAs in the VXS switch slot can provide very high performance processing capability. Quixtream provides a hardware API, isolating user logic from the underlying network. The user logic does not need to know, or care, whether the other end is an FPGA or a processor-based node. Only the Node and PHY components need to change in order to switch protocols. (33 pages)


[1] Noctilucent clouds (NLC) form in summer at high latitudes at altitudes close to 83 km. Visually they can be observed best in the latitude band 50° to 65°. The cloud particles are most likely transported by the upper atmosphere winds over substantial distances from their birth place (site of nucleation) to the site of their observation and subsequently to warmer regions where they sublimate again. Here we use a 3-D Lagrangian ice transport model to identify the nucleation sites of NLC particles which are observed vertically above a latitude of 69°N (e.g., by ground-based lidars at the ALOMAR observatory). We limit the study to particles which have radii larger than either 50 nm or 20 nm when being observed. We find that these particles were nucleated on average only 3 km higher than observed at 69°N. The latter statement implies that nucleation of NLC particles occurs on average more than a scale height below the local mesopause. Furthermore, NLC particles observed overhead at 69°N were nucleated on average about 9° in latitude north of the observation site. Their transport time between nucleation and reaching the observation site is clearly and positively correlated with the latitude difference between the nucleation and observation sites (a similar strong correlation does not exist between the radius and the transport time of the observed particle). The median value of transport times of NLC particles observed above 69°N is 36 hours.


Occipital neuralgia is described as unilateral or bilateral paroxysmal, stabbing pain in the occipital distribution that often is associated with tenderness and occasionally is associated with dysesthesia. Typically, patients are treated conservatively with pharmacologic agents (e.g., NSAIDs, muscle relaxants, antiepileptics); however, conservative treatment has a high failure rate, often resulting in an interventional procedure (e.g., local nerve block, botulinum toxin injection) or surgery (e.g., ganglionectomy, neurectomy, or neuromodulation). The chapter reviews the surgical interventions, with an emphasis on the approach, management, and complications. Further, the expected outcomes and the evidence for each approach are discussed.


The issue of consumer satisfaction with psychiatric services is rapidly becoming a mandatory one for service providers. In the present paper we describe a study we conducted into nurses' and patients' views concerning which aspects of in-patient care were most helpful. In contrast to other similar studies we used two different methods of assessing helpfulness. Results showed significant differences between how staff and patients perceived aspects of in-patient care. Patients also showed preferences for "non staff intensive" and "informal" aspects of care. The implications of these findings for in-patient psychiatric care are discussed.


In this paper, a novel crossing collision prevention system is proposed. The on-board unit of the system shares own driving information (position, velocity etc.) and other vehicles' driving information which is acquired by in-vehicle obstacle detection sensors with surrounding vehicles via inter-vehicle communication network. In a theoretical analysis, a T-junction is targeted as a road environment of the crossing collision prevention system and the safety performance of the proposed crossing collision prevention system (Fully Vehicle Information Acquiring Probability: FVIAP) is analyzed. The performance analysis to the penetration rate of on-board units indicates that the proposed system superiors to the conventional system which shares only in-vehicle driving information via inter-vehicle communication network. It means that the proposed system can attain equivalent FVIAP at a penetration rate lower than the conventional system. Furthermore, performance analysis to the sensing range is conducted and it indicates that the sensor for FVCWS based on the ISO15623 is enough for the in-vehicle detection sensor of the proposed system.


Yong 22 underground gas storage is one for carbonate reservoir reformed from an old H2S gas reservoir,which is characterized by deep burial depth and great difficulty in construction.In this paper,an integrity technology of drilling,gas injection and production,and measure innovation is summed up for the storage.Field application illustrates that this technology is satisfied with construction conditions and its success ratio reaches 100%,which may realize a designed economic,safe and reliable aim.


The teaching of advanced mathematics for international university students coming to China is very different from the teaching technology to national students,according to the author′s teaching experience for many years.This paper takes medical university students as an example,fanning out from point to area,to talk about the mathematical teaching-learning problems to the international university students.


In order to comprehensively analyze the harmonic magnetic field of dry-type smoothing reactor for UHVDC transmission, this paper deduces the calculation method of static magnetic field and harmonic magnetic field distribution of UHVDC smoothing reactor, and obtains the magnetic field distribution of the main body of smoothing reactor under actual operating conditions. From the calculation results, the magnetic field intensity of the reactor gradually decreases from inside to outside, the maximum value appears in the innermost envelope, and the vibration is the most violent. In the design of smoothing reactor, the power of each envelope can be adjusted by the distribution of harmonic current, so as to reduce vibration and noise, and realize the optimal design of reactor. The research results of this paper make up for the deficiencies in the current design of smoothing reactor, and effectively improve the operational reliability of smoothing reactor.


In the domain of Electrical Circuit Theory, the main goal of the experiment was to investigate a hypothesis that Example-Problem-Based Learning (EPBL) would lead to better efficiency than Teacher-Centred Learning (TCL) strategy; which high test performance (specifically on knowledge acquisition test and learning transfer test) and less mental effort to complete the test activities. The participants were vocational diploma-level students who were novices in completing the given tasks. As a means of data collection, 20-items multiple-choice question test was applied as a knowledge acquisition test; 10-items open-ended achievement test was applied as a learning transfer test, and the nine-point mental effort rating scale was used to indicate how much mental effort they put in after completing the test activities. A sufficient reliability value for knowledge acquisition and learning transfer test was obtained: 0.54 and 0.74, respectively. Meanwhile, the reliability of mental effort rating scale showed a reliability coefficient (Cronbach's Alpha) of 0.95. It was hypothesised and confirmed that EPBL would lead to higher learning outcomes on the knowledge acquisition and learning transfer test than TCL approach. However, the results showed that there was not a significant main effect of instructional strategy on mean mental effort per problem invested during test phase.


Since share repurchase came into being in the 1970s,it had performed great function in western capital market.While,it is still a rebirth thing in China,so learning from the foreign experience and using for reference will do good to our company and market.This paper compares the law of many countries,motives and modes with foreign countries in share repurchase,obtains some problems and proposals in the end,and hopes to arose attention,as well as prompt it developing and perfect.


During the recent years the use of information and communication technology was gradually considered to be utilized in language schools of Isfahan. In this regard, a set of specific plans was proposed makethe students and instructors use computers and processors in the classrooms. Consequently, majority of language school equipped classrooms with a video projector, a computer set and speakers aimed at developing the quality of teaching and learning at school. Due to the huge expenditure of this plan, it has been expected that schools do their best upon use of the ICT. Consequently, this paper was proposed to reveal whether the results are remarkable or not and why not. We selected equally subjects of the English language instructors based on the theory that any difficulties which will occur with the establishment of the strategy might be discovered mainly in the adverse views of educators. This study focuses on founding the ins and outs for the failure to standardize the procedure of processors in language teaching space studying extensively the facts advancing from the discussions performed between16 instructors of English language from public and private schools.


To meet the needs of Internet of things on trucks and make improvements on traditional TPMS,this paper designed the tire monitoring and auto-control system based on 32 bit ARM microprocessor hardware and μ COS-Ⅱ RTOS state machine software. The tire ID was automatically identified and stored by wireless signal,solving the redirection problem in tire replacements. As a new function,tire pressure and temperature could be automatically regulated in the moving state. The parameters could be reset while road surface or loads were changed. By this research,improved driving safety and guarantecd best operation state of trucks.


The first interstellar molecule to be discovered by radio means was OH. It was first observed in absorption against Cassiopeia A by Weinreb and coworkers' in 1963, and subsequently in emission by Weaver and associates2 in 1965. Although some of the absorption properties are anomalous, it is in its emission that this molecule still confounds the theorists. The first OH emission was found to be associated with HI1 regions but anomalous emission has been found to be associated with nonthermal radio sources3 and with infrared star.^.^.^ Lambda-doubling of the 2 ~ 3 1 2 ground state of OH and subsequent hyperfine splitting produces four lines with frequencies of 1612.231 MHz, 1665.401 MHz, 1667.358 MHz and 1720.527 MHz. Under conditions of local thermodynamic equilibrium these lines would have intensities in the ratio 1:5:9: 1. This situation is hardly ever observed in the interstellar medium and line ratios are highly anomalous.


Copp et al contended that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is over-diagnosed, recommending a delayed approach to diagnosis and potential treatment of symptoms without a diagnosis (1). This was proposed largely based on uncertainty of diagnosis in adolescents and expanded PCOS diagnostic criteria with multiple phenotypes, some of which may have more limited long-term health effects. Challenges in PCOS diagnosis in adolescents are acknowledged and over-diagnosis is an important consideration in any field, however here a fundamental principle of clinical care was ignored – the experience of the patient. The BMJ commentary failed to engage affected women or to consider the significant evidence regarding diagnosis experience from studies involving women with PCOS.


Current languages for safely manipulating values with names only support term languages with simple binding syntax. As a result, no tools exist to safely manipulate code written in those languages for which name problems are the most challenging. We address this problem with Romeo, a language that respects α-equivalence on its values, and which has access to a rich specification language for binding, inspired by attribute grammars. Our work has the complex-binding support of David Herman's λm, but is a full-fledged binding-safe language like Pure FreshML.


The reconstruction of paleo wind directions for the Eifel region (Central Europe) during the period 40.3–12.9 ka BP S. Dietrich and K. Seelos Institute for Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany Received: 26 August 2009 – Accepted: 8 September 2009 – Published: 22 September 2009 Correspondence to: S. Dietrich (firstname.lastname@example.com) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.


Many computer models contain unknown parameters which need to be estimated using physical observations. Kennedy and O'Hagan (2001) shows that the calibration method based on Gaussian process models proposed by Kennedy and O'Hagan (2001) may lead to unreasonable estimate for imperfect computer models. In this work, we extend their study to calibration problems with stochastic physical data. We propose a novel method, called the $L_2$ calibration, and show its semiparametric efficiency. The conventional method of the ordinary least squares is also studied. Theoretical analysis shows that it is consistent but not efficient. Numerical examples show that the proposed method outperforms the existing ones.


We compute some exact results for the gap-ratio of mixed Wigner surmises for up to four eigenvalues and 0 ≤ β ≤ 4. The main results concern equal mixtures of the GOE, GUE, and GSE random matrix classes. These give rise to 2×GOE, 2×GUE, and 2×GSE distributions. We find that 2×GOE, 2×GUE are well approximated by the surmises of only 2+2 eigenvalues that are GOE and GUE distributed, respectively. The same is not valid for 2×GSE, which is well estimated, by coincidence, by 2+2 eigenvalues of statistics intermediate between GUE and GSE.


The utility model provides a delivery device of a sheet collator, which relates to printing machinery. A paper supporting conveyer is arranged under a machine body, and is provided with a paper supporting driving roller and a paper supporting driven roller, a paper supporting conveying belt is arranged on the paper supporting driving roller and the paper supporting driven roller, a paper supporting regulation plate of the paper supporting conveying belt is arranged above the inner side of the paper supporting conveying belt, one end of the paper supporting driving roller is provided with a driving wheel, a paper pressing conveyer is arranged above the paper supporting conveyer, the paper pressing conveyer is provided with a paper pressing driving roller and a paper pressing driven roller,a paper pressing conveying belt is arranged on the paper pressing driving roller and the paper pressing driven roller, a paper pressing regulation plate is arranged under the inner side of the paper pressing conveying belt, a driving wheel is arranged on the paper pressing driving roller, a paper delivery disc is arranged under the paper supporting conveyer, a paper baffle plate is arranged underthe paper pressing conveyer, a sliding plate is arranged on the paper delivery disc, a slide rail is arranged on the machine body, a rotating shaft is arranged on the sliding rail, a chain wheel is arranged on the rotating shaft, and is connected with the paper delivery disc through a chain, one end of the rotating shaft is provided with a servomotor, and a probe is arranged on the paper baffle plate. The utility model is suitable for the sheet collator.


Objective:To investigate the color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of gallbladder apophysis lesions.Method:Choosing from June 2010to May 2012 in our hospital the clinical pathological diagnosis of gallbladder bulge of 48 patients with lesions were analyzed,and using color Doppler ultrasonic inspection,observed the ultrasonographic characteristics,and in comparison with the results of clinical pathology.Result:Micronodular gallbladder,gallbladder adenoma,gallbladder gland muscle hyperplasia,gallbladder polyps in gallbladder cavity and lesion location,size,shape,echogenicity,basal part size and local sonographic findings of cystic wall,and so on and so forth on different;Malignant lesions in the positive predictive value of a CDFI,grading,Vmax and blood flow RI group obviously higher than that of benign lesions,statistically significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion:Color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of gallbladder apophysis lesions with high value,high accuracy,the method is simple,is able to provide the clinical treatment and prognosis of patients with certain guidance.


Based on the object oriented strategy and the technique of artificial intelligence data base, the features of modern data base are analysed and the merits of object oriented analyse method to be used in data base management system are further summarized. It is demonstrated that object oriented data base management system (OODBMS) is a kind of better method for making the data base intelligent as well as an important developing trend of knowledge base system (KBS). A typical application of object oriented method to KBS is illustrated by a graphics data base.


The role of fluids during faulting and fracturing associated with the Miocene to present exhumation of the Lepontine dome (central-western Alps) is examined along its south-western border, the Simplon Fault Zone (SFZ). In this region, the dominant strike orientation of late faults, joints and veins is NW-SE, i.e. parallel to the major Simplon low-angle normal fault. Two other important strike directions, NE-SW and E-W, can also be distinguished, with the E-W direction apparently the latest one. Most measured fault planes are normal faults, consistent with extension and exhumation of the region since the Miocene.


Many recent studies of zooplankton and phytoplankton dynamics have tested the hypothesis that changes in freshwater fish biomass might cascade through the pelagic communiry and have significant impacts on phyroplankton biomass. The importance of fish predation in governing species composition and biomass of zooplankton has been clearly shown by many authors (e.g. CARPENTER et al. 1987, ELSER & CARPENTER 1988, VANNI & LAYNE 1997) but the response of phytoplankton to changing fish predation is nor so obvious as resources availabiliry ("bottom-up" factor) may buffer the fish impact at the phytoplankton level (McQUEEN 1990, DE MELO et al. 1992). Most previous studies of fish manipulacion addressed changes in trophic-level biomass and plankton composition following fish manipulation at the scale of a several months (CARPENTER et al. 1987). Few studies evaluate inter-annual changes in the trophic-level biomass due to such manipulation (GrussANI er al. 1990). However, these long-term studies often laek replication or even comparison with a reference system. Productiviry of a sysrem was also found to influence the strength of trophic cascades (CARNEY 1990)in more productive systems they are rare and often weakened compared to oligotrophic and mesotrophic sysrems. In general, data obtained at different time-scales and from lakes of different trophic state are contradictory (DE MELO et al. 1992). In this study, I evaluate the changes in zooplankton composition and biomass and phytoplankton abundance resulting from rhe occasional natural invasion of planktivorous fish (Pungitius pungitius L.) to a small lake previously lacking this predator and compare these results with processes rhat occur in a neighbouring lake, where the same predator has been abundant for at leasr several years.


Bisphosphonates are currently widely used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, as well as in patients with cancer metastases to bone or multiple myeloma. With a 75 million people affected by osteoporosis in the US, Europe and Japan, this represents a significant population being treated with these medications [1]. The benefits conferred by bisphosphonates in terms of reduced mortality and morbidity as a result of fracture reduction are well known, as are some of the adverse side effects such as esophagitis and osteonecrosis of the jaw. However, following a recent report by the US Food and Drug Administration of esophageal cancer in bisphosphonate users, investigators have began looking at the relationship between the use of oral bisphosphonates and various cancers, especially cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, and have produced varying results [2]. A number of studies [3-5] as well as a meta-analysis [6] of all available studies to date showed a positive relationship with esophageal cancer, which is perhaps not entirely surprising considering the association of oral bisphosphonates with esophagitis. Perhaps less expected is the reduced risk of colorectal cancer and breast cancer associated with bisphosphonate use reported by several investigators. Considering, the wide use of bisphosphonates [7-10], the possibility of an association with cancer development, especially the potential for a protective effect is intriguing. Bisphosphonates are known to be associated with esophagitis, and patients are given specific instructions on taking the tablets to specifically avoid this complication by aiming to reduce the contact between the tablets and the esophageal lumen (for example, patients are told to take the tablets with water, and to not take them immediately before lying down). Recently however, an association has been made not only with esophagitis, but with esophageal cancer, with 23 cases of esophageal cancer being reported by the US Food and Drug Administration between 1995 and 2008 in users of the bisphosphonate alendronate, and 31 cases in patients using bisphosphonates in Europe and Japan [2]. Since then, several investigators have explored the relationship by looking through existing data registries. Two studies, Cardwell et al. [11] and Green et al. [3] both derived their results from the UK General Practice Research Database but arrived at different conclusions, with Green et al. [3] finding a statistically significant increase in risk of esophageal cancer, but Cardwell et al. [11] find no association. This could be due to the differences in study methodology, and it is possible that the Green et al. [3] study, looking at more esophageal cancer cases over a longer follow-up period, had more power to detect small differences. Interestingly, neither study found an association in patients with a short-term exposure (less than 1 year of 1-3 years), but Green et al. [3] did find an increased risk associated with longer duration of use, a finding confirmed by a meta-analysis [6] of the current observational studies. It has been postulated that the predisposition to cancer of the esophagus occurs through permanent damage to the esophageal mucosa caused by bisphosphonate tablets, remains of which have been found at biopsy in patients with esophagitis [12].


The present invention relates to a ceramic extrudable mass and the other mass, extrusion, extrusion and the use thereof are solidified as a result of, the firing or sintering, which include certain additives to the water-soluble cellulose ether as base. Water-soluble cellulose ether, a ceramic mass, the extrusion method.


Boris Tomashevsky (b. 1890–d. 1957) was a Russian Formalist literary scholar, verse theorist, academic editor, historian of Russian literature and Russian-French literary relations, and scholar of Pushkin's life and work. A mathematician and engineer by education (he studied mathematical statistics and electrical engineering at the Montefiore Institute of the University of Liège, Belgium, and at the Sorbonne in Paris, France, where he also audited courses on literature), he pioneered a new statistical-probabilistic approach to the study of verse. Tomashevsky participated in the activities of two groups associated with the Russian Formalists: the Society for the Study of Poetic Language (Obshchestvo izucheniia poeticheskogo iazyka, OPOIaZ), and the Moscow Linguistic Circle (Moskovskii Lingvisticheskii Kruzhok, MLK). Born in Saint Petersburg, Tomashevsky produced a significant part of his research on Russian verse in Moscow, where he lived from 1918 to the end of 1920 (after coming back from the fronts of the First World War), and presented the results at meetings of the Moscow Linguistic Circle. In 1919, following the proposal made by the first president of the MLK, Roman Jakobson, Tomashevsky was elected a full member of the Circle. His quantitative verse studies from the Moscow period were, however, published as a separate collection as late as 1929 in Leningrad (former Saint Petersburg/Petrograd). In 1921 Tomashevsky left Moscow for Petrograd and joined OPOIaZ. He started working in the Pushkin House (the Institute of Russian Literature), and giving lectures at the State Institute of the History of Arts and, from 1924, at Leningrad University (professor from 1942). In the 1920s he published a treatise on Russian vesification, a compendium of Formalist poetics, and a textbook on the same subject. Due to "the external pressure" (his own words)—the official anti-Formalist policy started in 1931—Tomashevsky abandoned verse studies and poetics and focused on Pushkin's biography and textology (a term he coined in the mid-1920s), as well as the research of Pushkin's interests in French literature. As a "textologist" (textual analyst), he became one of the partisans of a new ("layer-by-layer") method of transcribing manuscripts in critical editions that he championed both in theory and in practice. In 1948 he became the head of the Pushkin House's Manuscript Department. Tomashevsky mostly escaped anti-Formalist purges, but his works in the field of comparative literature were officially condemned during the anti-comparativist campaign of 1948–1949. He returned to the study of verse only at the end of life.


The continental shelf appears to have a granite basement from Point Conception to about Point Arena and a metasedimentary type of basement from Point Arena to the Oregon border. Remnants of thick marine Cretaceous and Eocene sections are present throughout the length of the shelf, but because of their erosional history, the poor potential for reservoirs, and the difficulties in mapping, they appear to merit little further exploration. Deep-marine beds deposited throughout the length of the shelf from early Miocene through early late Pliocene time appear to have by far the best potential for hydrocarbon reserves. This section generally includes thick sequences of shale and ample reservoir-quality sandstone. Hydrocarbon shows are common. The overlying Pleistocene beds are n t considered as objectives. The six basins present on the shelf, each of which has an onshore extension, began forming in late middle Miocene time. Generally they do not contain as thick a post-Eocene section as that in the producing onshore California basins. The southern third of the offshore Santa Maria basin is similar to the onshore part and is considered to have about the same hydrocarbon potential; the northern two thirds is only slightly explored. The Outer Santa Cruz basin lacks large, mappable structural traps and extensive reservoir-quality sandstone beds; however, oil shows are common. The offshore half of the small Santa Cruz basin is considered to have about the same hydrocarbon potential as the onshore half, where production is minor. The Bodega and Point Arena basins contain most of the geologic constituents of major producing basins, but they also have 16 structurally well-located dry holes. Eel River basin, the largest and least explored of the shelf basins, has good structural-trap potential, and limited data suggest the resence of an objective Miocene-Pliocene section, but beneath deep water.


Audiolingual approach and communicative approach are two important approaches in language teaching.In this paper,some differences and both advantages and diadvantages will be discussed.Thus,to conduct the important usage of approachs in language teaching.


Bacterial spot disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria is an important seed-borne disease of pepper and tomato. Antibacterial effects of aqueous extracts of radish (Raphanus raphanistrum), garlic (Alium sativum), mint (Mentha piperita), onion (Allium cepa), marata (Clematis marata), oleander (Nerium oleander), rosmary (Rosmarinus officinalis), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.), pepper tree (Schinus sp.), terebinth tree (Pistacia terebinthus) and pine tree (Pinus sylvestris) were investigated in-vitro and in-vivo experiments for the bacterial disease agent X. a. pv. vesicatoria. Two different extract sterilization methods, autoclaving and filtering, were used in-vitro experiments. No growth inhibitions were recorded with the aqueous extracts of radish, mint, onion, maratha, oleander, rosemary, peppertree, terebinth tree and pine tree. Garlic and eucalyptus extracts, however, showed antibacterial activity in vitro experiments. Although filtered-sterilized garlic extract was effective on the growth of pathogen, autoclaved-sterilized garlic extract did not show antibacterial effect. This result clearly indicates that inhibitory compound(s) of garlic was thermolabile. Aqueous extracts of eucalyptus and garlic were very effective to reduce the seed-borne inoculum source of the disease in-vivo conditions. Eucalyptus extract was found to the best seed treatment. Symptom development on pepper and tomato seedlings was completely inhibited by eucalyptus extract as a seed treatment. Disease incidence was reduced at ratios of 95 and 86% by filtered-sterilized garlic extract on tomato and pepper seedlings, respectively. Similarly, disease severity on tomato and pepper seedlings was reduced between 77 and 96% at ratios by garlic and eucalyptus extracts, respectively. This study clearly demonstrated that aqueous garlic and eucalyptus extracts are effective seed treatments against seed-borne infections of bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper for traditional and organic seedling production


The experiment comprised 16 treatment combinations with four levels each of FeSo4 (0%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%) and ZnSo4 (0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75%) sprayed at 3rd and 6th leaf stage of the gladiolus cv. Trader Horn crop. The foliar feeding of FeSo4 at 0.5% concentration significantly influenced iron content in the leaves, while the leaf zinc content was least influenced by spraying of FeSo4. Significantly enhanced zinc content in the leaves was recorded by spraying with ZnSo4 at 0.5% concentration. The combined spray of FeSo4 and ZnSo4 at varied concentrations was though significant, inconsistent trends of the leaf nutrient accumulation were noticed. Foliar spray of FeSo4, at 0.75% concentration significantly enhanced the cormel weight. The effect of ZnSo4 alone or its combination with FeSo4 had non-significant effect on corm and cormel production parameters.


Hydrophilicandsuperhydrophilicsurfacesofpoly(sulfone)(PSU)thinfilmswerepreparedbyUVirradiationinthepresenceofO2 or acrylic acid (AA) vapor. Treated surfaces were then investigated by water contact angle measurements, Fourier transformed IR spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance mode (FTIR-ATR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and AFM. Water contact angle values of treated PSU films using either O2 or AA vapor as the reactive atmosphere reached about 6 ◦ after more than 120 min of irradiation. FTIR-ATR, XPS and NEXAFS analysis showed incorporationof oxygenated groups onto the surface that led to its hydrophilic characteristics. In addition,when AA vapor was usedasthereactiveatmosphere,aphotopolymerizationprocessofpoly(acrylicacid)ontothesurfaceofthePSUwasobserved. AFM analysis showed a very low level of roughness after the treatments. A comparison of UV-assisted surface modifications of PSUfilms with traditionalplasma treatmentsshowed excellent qualitative agreementbetween the two techniques. Our results showthatUV-assistedtreatmentsinthepresenceofAAvapororO2 areefficientwaysofcontrollingthesurfacewettabilityand functionalities grafted on the surface of PSU films. This treatment can be considered as a permanent dry grafting method that resists aging and uses a simple experimental setup. c � 2012 Society of Chemical Industry Supporting information may be found in the online version of this article.


The field of ultra-relativistic heavy ion physics, which started some 10 years ago at the Brookhaven AGS and the CERN SPS with fixed target experiments, has entering today a new era with the recent (July 2000) start-up of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider RHIC and preparations well under way for a new large heavy ion experiment at the Large Hadron Collider LHC. This overview, which is the combined write-up of talks given at this conference [1] and in [2], will sketch a rough picture of the heavy ion program at current and future machines and concentrate on a few important topics, in particular the question if current results show any of the signs predicted for the phase transition between normal hadronic matter and the Quark-Gluon Plasma.


The method of graded contractions, based on the preservation of automorphisms of finite order, is applied to the affine Lie algebras and their representations, to yield a new class of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras and representations. After the introduction of the horizontal and vertical gradings, and the algorithm to find the horizontal toroidal gradings, some general properties of the graded contractions are discussed and compared with the Inonu - Wigner contractions. The example of is discussed in detail.


Quasi-static compressive strength and dynamic impact compressive response of PVA fiber reinforced cement-based composite (PVA-FRCC) with different water binder ratio were studied. The quasi-static compressive strength decreased with increasing water binder ratio. The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used to obtain the dynamic impact compressive response of PVA-FRCC. The results showed that the stress-strain relationship of PVA-FRCC with different water binder ratio performed obvious strain rate effect. The deformation capacity of PVA-FRCC under dynamic load was improved with the increase of water binder ratio. The energy absorption capacity also performed rate dependency; as water binder ratio increase, the energy absorption capacity of PVA-FRCC was weakened.


In this review from Murre, the evolution of HLH genes, the structures of HLH domains, and the elaborate activities of HLH proteins in multicellular life are discussed.


The purpose of this study is to improve energy efficiency of windows in office buildings through heating load evaluation. illumination load evaluation and investigation of economic efficiency. Energy efficiency is influenced by window size which is determined during architectural planning and design. The process of this study is as follows. First. energy performance is analysed with various rate of windows through computer simulation (ECOTECT). Then, heating load. cooling load and illuminating load of different window sizes are compared and studied for a year. According to this process. the optimal and economic efficiency of window size has been found.


Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is sudden unexpected death in infancy for which there is no explanation after review of the history, a death scene investigation and a thorough autopsy. The use of common diagnostic criteria is a prerequisite for discussing the importance of infection, inflammatory responses and trigger mechanism in SIDS. Several observations of immune stimulation in the periphery and of interleukin-6 elevation in the cerebrospinal fluid of SIDS victims explain how infections can play a role in precipitating these deaths. Finally, these findings and important risk factors for SIDS are integrated in the concept of a vicious circle for understanding the death mechanism. The vicious circle is a concept to elucidate the interactions between unfavourable factors, including deficient auto-resuscitation, and how this could result in death.


Beer-spoilage bacteria have long been a problem for brewers. Among the most problematic beer spoilers are several species of the Gram-positive genera Lactobacillus and Pediococcus. Current methods of detecting and identifying these organisms are time-consuming and do not differentiate between bacteria capable of spoiling beer and benign bacteria. The horA-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (rPCR) described here identifies beer-spoilage organisms based not on their identity, but on the presence of a gene that we show to be highly correlated with the ability of an organism to grow in beer. The horA hop-resistance gene has been shown to be associated with beer spoilage by isolates from four Lactobacillus spp. and one Pediococcus sp. We document the presence of the horA gene in one additional genus and 11 additional species, with many of these bacteria commonly found as beer spoilers. The use of horA-specific rPCR allows for a substantial reduction in the time required for detection of potential beer spoilage bacteria and efficiently discriminates between those organisms that have the horA gene (highly likely to spoil beer) and those organisms that do not have the gene (much less likely to spoil beer).


Allergic rhinitis can have a serious impact on children and young people's health and wellbeing, and affect their learning. This article looks at the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis, its impact on asthma and quality of life, as well as treatment options.


The quality of teaching shapes the future of students and prepares them to be a responsible citizen. Therefore, all efforts to improve the quality of education are dependent on the instructional competence of teachers and their capacity to undertake the various important roles and functions. These endorses the need for teachers to embrace concrete mechanisms of enhancing their instructional competences to constantly innovate and adapt to dynamic student needs for their Competency-based mastery. In this regard interrelation of instructional competency with teachers' performance appraisal and development is of interest because of its relevance and vitality in endorsing a pedagogical culture which resonates with education quality despite the teacher's negative perception. However, there is a dearth of literature explaining whether the two major approaches to teacher evaluation namely value-added measures and standards-based evaluations affect their instructional competence providing a gap for the current review. From the review value-added measures and standards-based evaluations significantly affects instructional competence despite their various limitations. Value added measures can enhance the instructional competence of the teacher courtesy of the synergy amongst collaborative learning communities can assess the evidence of student learning based on the test scores for effective teaching.The headteachers within the policy frameworks should cooperate with the teachers in determination of standards which should be realistic, viable and reliable in addressing instructional competence. However, performance appraisal, might have catastrophic consequences if it is carried out without clear objectives.


The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is widely used to control infestations of the Mediterranean fruit fly (or medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) (Hendrichs et al. 2002). There is, however, considerable evidence (Lance et al. 2000) showing that mass-reared, sterile males are inferior to wild males in mating competition for wild females. Blay and Yuval (1997) demonstrated that the addition of protein (yeast hydrolysate) to the standard sugar-agar diet increased the mating competitiveness of sterile males. However, research conducted in Hawaii failed to detect a similar protein effect (Shelly & McInnis 2003). Thus, the potential role of dietary protein in improving the effectiveness of medfly SIT remains uncertain. This study compares levels of egg sterility in large field enclosures containing fertile flies and protein-fed or protein-deprived sterile males. In the aforementioned studies, mating trials were run over short intervals in laboratory cages or on single host trees and thus precluded potential effects of habitat heterogeneity and inter-tree movement on male mating competition. In addition, data on mating success do not necessarily mirror the level of egg sterility realized in the open field, because they ignore the possibility that females mate multiple times, even on the same day (Vera et al. 2003), and consequently that sperm competition may be occurring. While not a complete substitute for a long-term, open-field test, the protocol described below involved measurements of egg sterility over several days in enclosures holding multiple host trees, and the resulting data were presumably more reflective of natural conditions. The flies used in this study were maintained following the protocol of Shelly et al. (2005). Owing to the limited availability of wild flies, we used flies from a recently established colony (REC) reared from field-collected coffee berries. Larvae were reared on artificial media, and adults were separated within 24 h of emergence and maintained on a sugar-protein mixture and water. When used, REC flies were 7-13 d old and 4-7 generations removed from the wild. Mass-reared flies


This article takes as its point of departure the latest reflections on the question of memory, but it seeks to anchor into objects of study which are theatrical performances that sought to weave subjectivities and memories in scene. At this point, are Sarah Kane, Pau Casals and Grande Otelo, as far apart but linked by the stage that transposes their lives as theatrical scene and, at the same time, insert them into a necessary history of contemporary spectacle.


On May 15, 2013 the Eleventh Circuit held in Miccosukee Tribe of Indians v. United States that the Army Corps of Engineers' alleged flooding of the plaintiff tribe's trust and lease lands was not a violation of equal protection, due process, or the relevant lease agreement and trustee deed.1 Rather than address the substance of the tribe's claims, the court based its decision on the grounds that the tribe failed to sufficiently state a claim for the various counts in the complaint.2 As a result, the Eleventh Circuit neglected to resolve a fundamental conflict of values that will certainly reappear. Miccosukee presented an opportunity for the court to balance tribal property rights against the federal government's authority to manage ecosystems. By failing to engage in an equal protection inquiry, the court missed an opportunity to establish procedural tools that could incorporate tribes into decision-making processes, ultimately leaving equal protection off the table for environmental justice plaintiffs in the Eleventh Circuit.


AHSKICAN HISTORY IN ITS GBOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS. By Ellen Churchill vSemple. With Maps. Constable and Co. ia/6. MISS SEMPLB'S book is to some extent liable to the imputation of beinj; dumped goods. It is only now issued through an English publisher, though it has had circulation and esteem in America for full ten years. Of course it is better to get a good thing late than never, provided it be the kind of good thing that does not go bad—or imperceptibly lose its first best virtues, like ourselves—by keeping. At the same time, considering how many of the matters touched upon in the course of the work were in a clamantly transitional stag^ in 1903—even the Panama Canal, though amply discussed, is here only vaguely designated " the Isthmian canal," for obvious reasons—some recognition of the lapse of a decade might fitly have been offered in the form of a preface to this issue, an appendix, or a few notes at the end, none of which would have disturbed the text in the least. As it is, in addition to that uncertainty as to where the Canal was to be cut (a matter on which the most unposted reader has probably by this time gathered information for himself), such questions as the statehood of Oklahoma and the project for widening the Erie Canal are here presented as still on the knees of the gods. Above all, the coming of the vast national policy of Conservation—the greatest practical project that has ever occupied the mind of man—is but slightly and all unconsciously adumbrated in a couple of references at pages 335 and 418 respectively: the one to " the recently proposed scheme of a national system of Irrigatkm," and the other to " a suggestion recently made by the president of a great north-western railroad system " for the deepening of the Mississippi from the Missouri to the Gulf. And here it may be remariced that had Miss vSemple written her book after the Conservation ideal (which owes so much to the vision and advocacy of Mr.' J. J. Hill, the railroad president in qnestion) had been fully formulated, she would not have been so apt to regard the river-systems of America as a " back-number" among the transportation agencies of the naticm. They are in fact beginning to be recognised as its most valuable neglected resource.


There appears to be an intimate association between defective emotional make-up, as judged by the psychoneurotic responses made to the questions on the Mathews adaptation of the Woodworth Psychoneurotic Inventory, and male juvenile delinquency. "The detailed findings resulting from the individual analysis of the psychoneurotic symptoms should be an aid in the formulation of therapeutic measures and procedures for research work on the emotional aspects of juvenile delinquency. The utilization of an improved form of this questionnaire in public schools will aid in the detection of emotional and temperamental aberrations in their incipiency, thereby making it possible to curb delinquent tendencies resulting from the development and intensification of such abnormalities with age . . . The Reformatory must provide proper treatment for the large proportion of its subjects showing emotional aberrations if it wishes to claim any reformative efficacy." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)


. We extend the characterization of smooth and rationally smooth classical Schubert varieties by pattern avoidance to classical symmetric vari- eties. We also parametrize these varieties combinatorially and show how to compute the partial order by containment of closures on them.


Electrical energy storage device structure comprises a first conductive sheet, and a second conductive sheet, the electrolyte sheet positioned between the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet. In the device, at least one of the first conductive sheet and second conductive sheet comprises a layer of carbon nanoparticles. Carbon nanoparticles layer is disposed adjacent to the electrolyte sheet. Carbon nanoparticles may include both high aspect ratio carbon nanoparticles and low aspect ratio carbon nanoparticles. Device is flexible and is at least partially transparent. .Field


At present, the asynchronous motor soft starters of local production have mostly not communication interface. The product of SIMENS——SPC3 is integrated of the complete PROFIBUS- DP protocol, and SPC3 have advantages of having fast transmission rate and having capacity of automatically identifying the baud rates from 9.6kBd to 12MBd.This paper is aimed at the inadequacies of soft starters of local production in scene controlling and the advantages of fieldbus, provides a design that the communication interface cir- cuit of the asynchronous motor soft starters remote control with PROFIBUS- DP, and provides specific hardware and software plan.


A broken marriage of a divorce does not cause the relationship between the man and his ex-wife to break off, the same is true to their children. The result of his research shows that in general in the Batak Toba community, the mirror is reised by their father because Batak Toba community adheres to patrilineal. But, if the mirror still suckles, he has to be under his mother's custody until he is 2 to 3 years old and can be 'sirang susu' (separated breastfeeding). As time goes by, today mirror is free to determine who will be his guidance. The obstacle in the implementation of the divorced parents responsibility is that there is no law which regulates the custody of the mirror from divorced parents. Besides that, the court's verdict is difficult to be practiced because there is no sanction imposed upon parents, especially their father, who neglects their responsibility. Parents' negligance is influenced by some factors such as economic factor, both parents remary, phychological factor, and the mother is able to take care of the minor.


Objective The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of gamma knife surgery (GKS)in the treatment of intracranial metastatic lesions and analyze prognostic factors that predict survival.Method 407 patients with brain metastases underwent gamma knife surgery.Follow up studies were available in 344 patients with 756 treated lesions.The mean seize of the tumors was(8.2±5.1)cm3.The maximum and margin doses used were(27.1±4.9)Gy and(15.4±2.0)Gy,respectively.Results After a mean of(17.7±9.8)months follow-up evaluation,imaging studies showed that the tumors disappeared in 140,shrank in 331,remained unchanged in 222,and grew in 63.The mean survival was(12.1±6.0)months after GKS.Survival was better in patients with younger age(<65yrs),single brain metastasis and a Karnofsky performance SCale(KPS)≥70.Each has statistical significance(P<0.01).Conclusions GKS is effective for metastatic brain tumors,which is safe and provides a high local tumor control rate.The better prognostic predictors for longer survival were younger age(<65yrs),absence of extracranial worse disease,a good KPS score(≥70).fewer numbers of metastases and original lesion fully controlled.

Key words:
Radiosurgery; Neoplasm metastasis,brain; Gamma knife surgery; Efficacy; Prognosis


The invention relates to a self-propelled turning device for sludge compost and a treatment method and belongs to environmentally-friendly solid waste treatment. The method comprises that: a mixing step, an aerobic compost period, a thoroughly decomposing step, a processing and compost production step and an odor treatment step, wherein the mixing step aims to adjust the moisture and the carbon nitrogen rate of dewatered sludge, improve the loosening degree, increase a contact area with air and contributes to aerobic fermentation; in the aerobic compost period, the oxygen is supplied through forced ventilation, and organic matters in materials begin to ferment under the action of aerobes; the thoroughly composting step comprises that: the sludge subjected to compost fermentation is not thoroughly decomposed, and is required to continuously undergo a thoroughly decomposing and ageing stage, namely secondary fermentation; the processing and compost production step comprises that: the sludge compost is processed according to fertilizer use and market demand to serve as a product for sales so as to improve overall economic efficiency; and the odor treatment step comprises that: odor is generated in the process of aerobic compost and can be discharged after deodorization treatment. In recent years, solid wastes have become important environmental problems limiting urban development. The composting treatment is a way to utilize solid waste resources and is gradually taken into account at home and abroad.


Maximizing the revenue from selling two or more goods has been shown to require the use of nonmonotonic mechanisms, where a higher-valuation buyer may pay less than a lower-valuation one. Here we show that the restriction to monotonic mechanisms may not just lower the revenue, but may in fact yield only a negligible fraction of the maximal revenue; more precisely, the revenue from monotonic mechanisms is no more than k times the simple revenue obtainable by selling the goods separately, or bundled (where k is the number of goods), whereas the maximal revenue may be arbitrarily larger. We then study the class of monotonic mechanisms and its subclass of allocation-monotonic mechanisms, and obtain useful characterizations and revenue bounds.


A method for synthesizing a carboxaldehyde substituted tetracycline compound, wherein such carboxaldehyde substituted tetracycline compound is synthesized, the tetracycline reactive intermediate, carbon monoxide, a palladium catalyst, a phosphine ligand, the silane and a base which method comprises reacting under suitable conditions. Palladium catalyst is selected from PdCl2 (tBu2PhP) 2 dichlorobis (di -tert- butylphenyl phosphine palladium (II)] or PdCl2 (DPEPhos) [bis (diphenylphosphino) ether palladium (II) chloride]. Tetracycline reaction intermediate includes a moiety selected from halogens and triflates.


I stand here as a black lesbian feminist, having been invited to comment within the only panel at this conference where the input of black feminists and lesbians is represented. ... To read this program is to assume that lesbian and black women have nothing to say about existentialism, the erotic, women's culture and silence, developing feminist theory, or heterosexuality and power. And what does it mean in personal and political terms when even the two black women who did present here were literally found at the last hour? What does it mean when the tools of a racist patriarchy are used to examine the fruits of that same patriarchy? It means that only the most narrow perimeters of change are possible and allowable. 1


In laboratory conditions was investigated adsorption capacity in relation to lead and cobalt species of aquatic plants (macrophytes). Species of Ceratophyllum demersum, Batrachium circinatum and Elodea canadensis can be recommended for phytoremediation activities for surface water in respect to cobalt. Adsorption capacity of lead maximum of gidrofitov (leader Elodea canadensis) and become rooted hydrophytes (leader Batrachium circinatum). In pilot experiments we observed the process of desorption of heavy metals in solution. XX centuries adsorption complexes of macrophytes have significant accumulative ability in relation to ions of lead and cobalt.


Seismic data provide evidence about hydrocarbon deposition, geological and geophysical subsurface information, including geomechanical aspects. Deriving and understanding geomechanical properties is crucial for reservoir management as it can avoid drilling and production-related problems that cause environmental impacts associated with land subsidence and uplift. The Poison's ratio (PR), Young Modulus (YM), and elastic moduli for a reservoir block were estimated using 3D seismic pre-stack data and well data. 3D Mechanical Earth Models (MEM) were also developed using the well logs, seismic horizons, and drilling data. Seismic data-derived geomechanical properties were compared with the mechanical earth models for the first time for this field. Well-tie analysis was used for inversion of 3D seismic data to extract detailed waveform and amplitude information. The brittleness index of the subsurface layers was estimated, which is a critical rock property that provides information about rock hardness and fragility phenomenon. The brittleness index has a diverse range from 5-35%, with significant contrast at shallow zones. PR and YM models generated from 3D MEM and seismic data have average values of 0.2 -0.6 and 5 - 28 GPa with significant contrast from shales and carbonates. The study recommends that the drilling through these problematic zones should be avoided to avoid wellbore problems that cause challenges in maintaining wellbore integrity and reservoir management in the North-Heera field, Mumbai Offshore Basin.


This paper presents a survey on formal moduli problems. It starts with an introduction to pointed formal moduli problems and a sketch of proof of a Theorem (independently proven by Lurie and Pridham) which gives a precise mathematical formulation for Drinfeld's derived deformation theory philosophy, which gives a correspondence between formal moduli problems and differential graded Lie algebras. The second part deals with Lurie's general theory of deformation contexts, which we present in a slightly different way than the original paper, emphasising the (more symmetric) notion of Koszul duality contexts and morphisms thereof. In the third part, we explain how to apply this machinery to the case of non-split formal moduli problems under a given derived affine scheme; this situation has been dealt with recently by Joost Nuiten, and requires to replace differential graded Lie algebras with differential graded Lie algebroids. In the last part, we globalize this to the more general setting of formal thickenings of derived stacks, and suggest an alternative approach to results of Gaitsgory and Rozenblyum.


It is hard to analyze the mentality of developer as it requires their presence, but there are some chances that our analysis may fail. Developers may not work,may not give their best in software development. In our proposed system provision will be there, to create new tasks and sub modules.Only admin facility which will have rights to create any new tasks.There will be various modules allocated to the concern developer so that he/she can carry the work assigned and will develop the modules.Along with the module creation they also mention the name of the files which needs to be there under specific modules. Addition to this, admin also inputs the time duration to complete the coding or programming for given tasks which will check whether developer is capable enough or not. This data is used for processing and to analyze the developer's psychology.System automatically tracks the developers as he or she is taking how much time to completely end up the one working file or others.System also tracks the fluctuation in files from the developer's side and how frequent the fluctuation is. These data helps us to know very much about the developer's mental state as weather they are comfortable in the environment they are working i.e. domain of the developer whether developer is interested in the assigned job can be tracked. This proposed system will be useful to identify the behavior and area of interest, so that developer will easily cope with the assigned job.


In this paper we introduce a novel multi-scale technique to study many-body quantum systems where the total number of particles is kept fixed. The method is based on Feshbach map and the scales are represented by occupation numbers of particle states. Here, we consider a three-modes (including the zero mode) Bogoliubov Hamiltonian for a sufficiently small ratio between the kinetic energy and the Fourier component of the (positive type) potential corresponding to the two nonzero modes. For any space dimension d\geq 1 and in the mean field limiting regime (i.e., at fixed box volume |\Lambda| and for a number of particles, N, sufficiently large) this method provides the construction of the ground state and its expansion in terms of the bare operators that in the limit N \to \infty is up to any desired precision. In space dimension d \geq 3 the method provides similar results for an arbitrarily large (finite) box and a large but fixed particle density \rho, i.e.,\rho is independent of the size of the box.


Ab‐initio calculations of light nuclei require three‐nucleon potentials in addition to realistic two‐nucleon forces to obtain the empirical binding energies. The current status of the Illinois three‐nucleon potentials used with Argonne v18 is presented.


Water leaks in a black-liquor recovery boiler can cause explosions if the water reaches the molten smelt bed of the boiler. This paper describes a system that detects boiler leaks using a waterside chemical mass balance. A microprocessor-based chemical-feed system meters chemicals to match the losses that occur via blowdown, and boiler-water chemistry is monitored continuously. A water loss is indicated when the expected and measured chemical concentrations diverge. Field experience with this system is presented. Application : a new system for automatic detection of recovery-boiler leaks.


Abstract:This intersectional and epistemological study of Nancy Morejón's 1982 Nación y mestizaje en Nicolás Guillén resolves the tension, which intrigued most of her critics, between her political commitment and sophisticated lyricism. The author examines Morejón's unquestionable revolutionary support and adhesion to Guillén's conceptualization of la nación mestiza—instrumental for the cohesiveness promoted by the revolutionary regime—through the comprehensive analysis of her family socioeconomic background, the coincidence of her arrival to adolescence with the revolutionary triumph in 1959, and her affiliation to the editorial group El Puente (1961–65). Intersectionality allows an understanding of how Morejón's self-identification and self-representation as a black revolutionary female writer condition her elaboration of counternarratives that thwart the Eurocentric and patriarchally constructed national history. The essay reveals rarely examined contradictions between Morejón's and Guillén's poetry and discusses how the writers' shared essentialist views on nationhood fail to ultimately deconstruct the hegemonic Eurocentric epistemology they vowed to upend. (In Spanish; an English translation is available online)


Farmland shelterbelt is an important component in the Three-North Shelter/Protective Forest Program. To accurately estimate the quantity and spatial distribution of the farmland shelterbelts in the Three-North regions (west of Northeast China, north of North China, and most part of Northwest China) is of significance to understand the protective effect of these shelterbelts and to promote their construction processes. Based on the multi-scale remote sensing data to acquire shelterbelt length and the field survey data to obtain shelterbelt width, this paper estimated the farmland shelterbelt area in the Three-North regions that were topographically divided into four areas, i.e., Northeast China, North China, Loess Plateau, and Northwest China. The shelterbelt length in Northeast China and North China was acquired from the relationships between the shelterbelt lengths from SPOT5 and Landsat TM, while that in Loess Plateau and Northwest China was obtained from the relationships between the shelterbelt lengths from CBERS-02B and the farmland areas from Landsat TM. The results indicated that in 2008, the total length of the farmland shelterbelts (including middle-aged, mature, and over-mature shelterbelts, and excluding new planted, un-matured, and part of declined shelterbelts) in the Three-North regions was 106.40×107 m, including 23.82×107 m in Northeast China, 6.07×107 m in North China, 25.58×107 m in Loess Plateau, and 50.93×107 m in Northwest China, and the total area of the farmland shelterbelts was about 130.31×104 hm2 (114.98×104-145.64×104 hm2), including 42.38×104 hm2 (37.52×104-48.24×104 hm2) in Northeast China, 10.92×104 hm2 (9.56×104-12.29×104 hm2) in North China, 25.58×104 hm2 (22.70×104-28.45×104 hm2) in Loess Plateau, and 50.93×104 hm2 (45.20×104-56.66×104 hm2) in Northwest China. The mean accuracy of the estimation was 89.54% (79.27% in Northeast and North China, and 99.80% in Loess Plateau and Northwest China).


Even people who know little about the Puritans bandy the phrase "Puritan work ethic" with confidence. When we explore what they mean by that phrase, it becomes apparent how little specific content the phrase holds for most people today. For many the phrase Puritan ethic is simply a catchall label for what they dislike about the Puritans.


We propose a simple approach to enhance the spectral compression arising from nonlinear pulse propagation in a Kerr medium. We numerically show that an additional sinusoidal temporal phase modulation enables efficient reduction of the intensity level of spectral side lobes.


Very often, in industry, discounted cash flow techniques are applied for analyzing and selecting investment alternatives under consideration. These techniques are usually based on the data under certainty or risk. In reality, however, the decision makers are often facing the situation of vague cash flows and discount rates, or even uncertain durations, when evaluating and selecting potential investments. Fuzzy set theory has the capability of capturing vague data and allows mathematical operations. This article proposes a fuzzy equivalent uniform annual worth (fuzzy EUAW) method to assist practitioners in evaluating investment alternatives utilizing the theory of fuzzy sets. Triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) are used throughout the analysis to represent the uncertain cash flows and discount rates. Further, fuzzy capital recovery factors and fuzzy sinking fund factor are derived. Using these two factors, the fuzzy equivalent annual worth of each investment alternative can be found. By ranking these fuzzy numbers with the integral value, the optimal investment alternative is selected. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the results of the alternative selection.


Atomic layer deposited zinc nickel oxide (ZNO, ZnxNi1−xO) films with Zn concentrations of 0.09, 0.46, and 0.62 are investigated for application as a hole-selective contact for crystalline silicon solar cells. The ZNO films were found to be p-type by evaluating their contact performance on p-Si. A direct contact between ZNO and p-Si showed perfect ohmic behaviour. Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements revealed a high optical transparency of the ZNO films with a bandgap of >3 eV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed a much lower valence band offset between ZNO and p-Si than the conduction band offset, which is favourable for selective hole extraction on p-Si. In addition, subsequent annealing at 200 °C significantly decreased the contact resistivity, and annealing temperatures up to 500 °C did not degrade its contact performance. A minimal contact resistivity of 21.5 mΩ·cm2 was obtained on p-type c-Si for a 3.4 nm ZNO film with a Zn concentration of 0.62 after annealing at 200 °C. These results demonstrate the advantages of ZnxNi1−xO as a hole-selective contact for crystalline p-Si solar cells.Atomic layer deposited zinc nickel oxide (ZNO, ZnxNi1−xO) films with Zn concentrations of 0.09, 0.46, and 0.62 are investigated for application as a hole-selective contact for crystalline silicon solar cells. The ZNO films were found to be p-type by evaluating their contact performance on p-Si. A direct contact between ZNO and p-Si showed perfect ohmic behaviour. Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements revealed a high optical transparency of the ZNO films with a bandgap of >3 eV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed a much lower valence band offset between ZNO and p-Si than the conduction band offset, which is favourable for selective hole extraction on p-Si. In addition, subsequent annealing at 200 °C significantly decreased the contact resistivity, and annealing temperatures up to 500 °C did not degrade its contact performance. A minimal contact resistivity of 21.5 mΩ·cm2 was obtained on p-type c-Si for a 3.4 nm ZNO film with a Zn concentration of 0.62 after annealing at 200 °C. These results demo...


Background and aims: Hospitals play a critical role in providing communities with essential medical care during all types of disaster. Hospital emergency management is a continuing process requiring the monolithic integration of planning and response attempts with local and national schemes. The aim of the current study was to assess emergency response of hospitals against disasters in Tabriz. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tabriz city, during 2016 in Iran. The study population included all hospitals in Tabriz city. 18 hospitals were assessed. Hospital emergency response checklist was used to collect data. Tool components including: Command and control, Communication, Safety and security, Triage, Surge capacity, Continuity of essential services, Human resources, Logistics and supply management and Post-disaster recovery. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS-20. Results: The results showed that emergency response of hospitals were 54.26 percent in Tabriz. The lowest response rates were related to Shafaa hospital (18.89%) and highest response rates was related to Razi hospital (91.67%). Components of hospital emergency response were assessed between 48.07% (Surge capacity) to 58.95% (Communication). Conclusion: Based on WHO checklist, the only emergency response of hospitals were 54.26 percent in Tabriz. So, Hospital emergency responses against disasters have to be improved and should be 100 percent. It is essential to design a comprehensive framework for hospital emergency response.


A family with Hashimoto's disease in three generations is described. Seven persons (all female) had Hashimoto's disease and four of them were initially hypothyroid. Hashimoto's disease was the only thyroid disorder occurring in this family; no other autoimmune disease was observed. Circulating thyroid antibodies were detected in all seven subjects with overt thyroiditis in this family. Thyroid antibodies were also detected in low titres in about half of the healthy relatives. Evidence of thyroid antigen‐directed cell‐mediated immunity was demonstrated using the leucocyte migration inhibition test in four out of seven subjects with thyroiditis and also in about half of the relatives without clinical thyroid disease. The relative number of thyroglobulin‐binding circulating lymphocytes was elevated in six subjects with Hashimoto's disease. Again, the percentage of such cells was also increased in about half of the'healthy'relatives. Thyroid‐stimulating immunoglobulins were detected by the radio receptor assay in three of the seven subjects with Hashimoto's disease and in four out of thirteen relatives without overt signs of thyroiditis. In conclusion, all subjects with Hashimoto's disease carried immunological markers of autoimmune thyroid disease in the circulation. In addition, most of the'healthy'relatives were also positive for some or all of the markers sought in this study. The expression of these markers thus seems to be variable. No clear‐cut conclusion could be drawn regarding the inheritance of these markers. H LA genotypes were assayed for thirty‐five specificities of A, B and C loci and five of the D loci. There was no correlation between any individual antigen or HLA haplotype and overt Hashimoto's disease in this family.


All papers have been peer-reviewed. The 2007 joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference and International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) was held at the Chattanooga Convention Center in Chattanooga, TN, from July 16th through 20th. Nearly 700 attendees from 28 countries came together to enjoy the joint technical programs, industrial exhibit, and special events. There were 382 papers presented in plenary, oral, and poster sessions. Papers in the ICMC part of the conference covered the physical and mechanical properties of metals & alloys at cryogenic temperatures, insulation materials used in magnets for large-scale applications, recent developments in the conventional low-temperature superconductors, YBCO coated conductors, Bi-based superconductors, and MgB2 conductors. Conductor stability & AC losses as well as superconductor applications were also covered at this conference. ICMC papers selected after peer review process are published by AIP as "Conference Proceedings" Volume 986. Readers will get the latest information on materials and their properties used in cryogenic temperatures in this volume.


In this dissertation, the main parameter changes of IE1, IE2, IE3 and IE4 class induction motors, from one single supplier, are to be compared and correlated with the power losses produced and respective constructive differences in terms of dimension and active materials quantity and quality. On the basis of the experimental tests, simulation models for the different analyzed motors will be developed. This document has the following structure: Chapter 1 explains the framing of the theme of this thesis. In chapter 2, general concepts related with squirrel cage induction motors are presented. Initialy, is explained the working principle of the induction motor and the constructional features of this kind of motor are shown. Next, the equivalent circuit of induction motor is substantiated, with electric parameters represented. The electrical and mechanical losses are described and explained, and finally a comparison between the two main standards for electric machinery efficiency determination are made. In chapter 3, are described the experimental setups, equipment and procedures used when carrying out the measurements. Then, two calculation methods of equivalent circuit parameters are explained and compared with appropriate analysis of the results. Posteriorly, the efficiency calculation values are shown with a comparison between standars IEEE 112 and IEC 60034-2-1, and finally, a critical analisys based on computation simulation results are made, Chapter 5 presents the main conclusions from the work developed and some suggestions for future work.


The purpose of this study was to find the optimum addition amount of astringent persimmon paste to glutinous rice flour in the preparation of Gaminjeolmi (persimmon glutinous rice cake). The moisture contents of Gaminjeolmi with added astringent persimmon paste were 5759. With increasing addition of astringent persimmon paste, the L- and b-value were decreased. The a-value was the highest at the 8 level. In the mechanical evaluation of Gaminjeolmi, the hardness was the highest in the 0 astringent persimmon paste-lnjeolmi but the 0 level was decomposed after 2 day of storage. The adhesiveness and cohesiveness were the lowest at the 0 and 16 levels. The springiness did not differ significantly with the addition of astringent persimmon paste for 2 days of storage. The gumminess was the highest at the 0 level for 1 day of storage, significantly. In the sensory evaluation of Gaminjeolmi, the acceptance of the softness characteristics was the best at the 8 level. Addition of astringent persimmon paste improve preservation of Injeolmi and the addition of 8 of astringent persimmon paste to glutinous rice flour was found to be the best recipe in terms of the sensory qualities of softness and overall acceptability.


The paper uses annual data to analyse the link between export and economic growth for Ghana for the period 1960 to 2012 using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model and Granger Predictability test. Using Microfit and Gretl software the results indicate significant positive link between export and economic growth though the long run export elasticity of growth is insignificant but positive. There is bidirectional Granger causality link between export and economic growth in a trivariate model. The policy implications of the results suggest the decline in export will not be deleterious to the economic growth of Ghana for the period under discussion. Future studies should consider the issues of structural breaks.


This paper proposes a user modeling method and a recommender system based on personal values. Existing recommender systems usually employ user preference of items to make recommendations. On the other hand, marketing fields have been taking notice of personal values because of its significant relation to potential preferences of users. Although personal values are expected to bring a new framework for modeling user's potential preference, modeling method of user's personal values aiming to recommender systems has not yet been established. The proposed method focuses on users' value judgments, which mean what sort of attribute users put a high priority. By analyzing the relationship between ratings for an item and attributes, the influence of each attribute on user's value judgment is extracted as a user model. This paper also proposes a configuration of recommender system using user model based on personal values. Recommender systems based on personal values are expected to provide users with diversified recommended items from a non-traditional viewpoint.


Let $\Gamma$ be a self-complementary circulant of prime power order. It is shown that either $\Gamma$ is a lexicographic product of two small self-complementary circulants or there exists a multiplicative automorphism of a regular cyclic subgroup that maps $\Gamma$ to its complement.


This article analyses the industry indexes in the U.S and Chinese stock market during COVID-19 to research the impact of COVID-19 on different industries in the U.S. and China. The data was collected based on the industry indexes during four selected periods of COVID-19. We analyzed the difference in mean return using the t-test method at a significance level of 5%. Our analysis discovered that for China and the United States, COVID-19 has the least impact on the consumer goods industry and the greatest impact on the energy industry. Compared with other stock industries, major consumer goods, real estate, and utility industries are less affected by covid-19. In addition, industries such as energy, finance, telecommunications, materials, industry, healthcare, consumer staples, and consumer discretionary indexes are more affected by covid-19. As a result, investors can choose the stocks of countries with good resistance to the epidemic, which can not only reduce the risk of investors to some extent but also allow other countries to learn from the country's policies and some measures to control the epidemic to promote the global stock market and economic growth.


Most of the existing coating machine need manual operation, such as power on, power off, adjusting the gap of paper feeding, oil thickness and so on. Experienced operators know how to adjust, but there will be errors, affecting the quality of products. This paper designs an automatic UV coating machine, which can solve the above problems. In this design, PLC intelligent control system is used instead of manual adjustment operation, and the feed gap and oil thickness are automatically detected by photoelectric sensor. And the system with memory function, according to different materials can adjust the parameters, the implementation of the best effect. Software intelligent operation, reduce the technical requirements of operators, so as to improve the production efficiency and quality stability of products. Solidworks is used to design the structure of the whole machine. Fluent is used to analyze the flow field of the coating process. The integrity of the machine is verified by combining theory with practice.


For the exterior noise measurement of the trainset in the running condition, it is hard to evaluating the noise level of each car. In this paper, the identification method of each car from the noise measurement for the trainset has been proposed. And it was applied to the test result of the trainset composed of one locomotive and 4 passenger cars.


This paper presents a new microscopic extension to the Coulomb's law --- a formula that describes how electron and nucleus interact each other within atom world. Based on this Coulomb's law extension, a new atom model is proposed. Compared with current electron-cloud model and with old Bohr model, this model is most like atom's real physical structure. Using this new model and basic integral calculation, the spectrum of hydrogen gas and the spectrum of ionized helium gas are successfully derived.


Annual and semilunar ovarian cycles were examined in a wild population of Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, from the Alabama (U.S.A.) coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Production of mature eggs was first observed in late February, with the main breeding season beginning by mid-March and extending into August. The season was punctuated by shorter, typically semilunar, cycles of spawning activity and gamete development that became more pronounced as the season progressed. In September any remaining ovulated eggs and oocytes past the intermediate-cortical alveolus stage underwent atresia, suggesting that the latter may be the final gonadotropin- independent stage of oocyte development in F. grandis. Seasonal proliferation of primary growth phase and cortical alveolus oocytes occurred in late autumn and early winter (October-January). Vitellogenic oocytes first appeared in early February at the start of a month of intense and rapid vitellogenic oocyte growth prior to the March onset of a new breeding season.


An improved variational mode decomposition (VMD) method is introduced into the mode recognition of low-frequency oscillation of power system in this study. First, fast Fourier transform is used to determine the number of VMD components, and the approximate fitting formula of the best balancing parameter α
 is obtained by a large number of tests. The original signal is decomposed into several modes via improved VMD (IMVD) method. Then, Teager-Kaiser energy operator is applied on the fitting of each component to get the amplitude, frequency, and damping factor of it. By the constructed test signals, the proposed method is compared with the methods of non-parametric VMD, empirical mode decomposition, total least-squares estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques, and Prony on the performance of mode parameter identification. Results show that the IVMD method effectively overcomes the shortcomings of those methods mentioned above in dealing with mode mixing, noise sequence, and non-stationary signals. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method in extracting the low-frequency oscillation mode parameters of power system is verified by the simulation signals of the IEEE two-area four-generator power system and the New England 39-bus system.


Proportional–integral–derivative control system has been widely used in industrial applications. For complex systems, tuning controller parameters to satisfy the process requirements is very challenging. Different methods have been proposed to solve the problem. However these methods suffer several problems, such as dealing with system complexity, minimizing tuning effort and balancing different performance indices including rise time, settling time, steady-state error and overshoot. In this paper, we develop an automatic controller parameter optimization method based on Gaussian process regression Bayesian optimization algorithm. A non-parametric model is constructed using Gaussian process regression. By combining Gaussian process regression with Bayesian optimization algorithm, potential candidate can be predicted and applied to guide the optimization process. Both experiments and simulation were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Toughness is studying the complex behavior of the individual. The heredity and environment play an important role in the development of capacity. Psychological study of toughness is studying the complex nature is play field and cropped up during the competition or before the competition sports man feels about the competitive fear anxiety during the high level of competition with time and gain participation in competition. The conditions of competition fear and anxiety can be treated for the toughness. The conditions of competition fear and anxiety can be treated for the toughness. During the competition neck to neck fighting so, mental balance psychological balance must for the players according to circumstance for fear conduct and perfect judgments. Most performance problems that players other performers struggle with not a result of poor conditioning, inadequate coaching or a lack of physical skills or technical factors can sometimes because sub-par play. However when heat of competition is turned up high, the individual performer or team falls apart like runway nervousness, intimidation, poor concentration, negatively lack of confidence or an inability to let go of mistakes or bad breaks. To realize your full potential as an athlete or performer, you have to start training your mind as well as body. Just as you develop physical skills and techniques you must learn to develop these sports psychology mental skills. Hence the present study to find out the role of toughness among kabaddi and kho-kho play


This paper discussed the conception of the road traffic accident by reporting the typical cases,and also discussed the way of examining the corpse from the road traffic accident.The paper also discussed some other important issues related to the road traf- fic accident.The aim of this paper is to provide the guidance with the authors working experience.


The Hand Arm System of DLR is a complex mechatronic system built to approach the human in terms of dynamics and dexterity. Its fingers are antagonistically actuated by flexible tendons, resulting in a nonlinear flexible joint. The advantages of such a design are the high dynamics but more importantly the enhanced robustness. Nonlinear control methods have been developed in the community that are, at least in principle, applicable to such systems. However, because of the complexity of some methods, most works are focusing on simulations and do not consider the practical issues arising with hardware. Such issues are, for example, the need for derivatives or the use of large matrix inversions. In this paper, we adapt the backstepping method to the specific case of an antagonistic actuation. The modeling of the mechanism is followed by the design of the controller and the work is concluded by a set of experimental results on the hand of the Hand Arm System, the "Awiwi hand".


The aim of this study was to determine the strategies teachers offer to provide students with experience solving problems in the classroom. A total of 15 secondary school teachers serving in secondary schools were observed through 10 classes each, with no emphasis on the topics covered and grade levels taught. The researcher observing the classes performed a descriptive analysis of the problem-solving processes employed by the teachers through the lens of a series of known problem-solving strategies. The study revealed that the teachers employed a number of strategies as part of the problem-solving process. However, it was observed that the rate of application of strategies was rather low, even though specific strategies were nominally employed by the teachers. The study revealed that the strategy most frequently employed by the teachers during the problem-solving process was adopting a different point of view, while the strategy of making a drawing was also frequently applied. Moreover, the teachers employed the strategies of intelligent guessing and testing, working backwards, finding a pattern, solving a simpler analogous problem, and considering extreme cases, but with lesser frequency. On the other hand, the strategy of organizing data was not used by any of the teachers.


The qualification run (qual-run) as a technique to avoid possible quality problems of products inevitably leads to much longer cycle time. To effectively balance the trade-off between the qual-run and setup times, a scheduling model of a single machine with multiple families was developed and an adaptive differential evolution algorithm based on catastrophe with depth neighborhood search was applied to resolve the problem. First, a scheduling problem domain was described, and a mathematical programming model was set up with an objective of minimizing makespan. Further, several theorems were developed to construct feasible solutions. On the basis of differential evolution, the depth neighborhood search operator was adopted to search a wide range of solutions. In addition, the adaptive process and catastrophe theory were combined to improve the performance of the algorithm. Finally, simulation experiments were carried out and the results indicated that the proposed algorithm was effective and efficient.


Abstract In this paper, a study is made on polynomials orthogonal with respect to the generalized little q-Laguerre weight, defined by , . Here , and . This weight is supported on the exponential lattice . Let the subleading coefficient of of the monic polynomials be From the q-analogue of the ladder operators, the associated supplementary conditions and a 'sum rule', we deduce a system of difference equations satisfied by This system is used to obtain the first few terms in a formal asymptotic expansion of . We express the recurrence coefficients in terms of this subleading coefficient and show that the first few terms in the formal expansions in powers of agree with the first few terms for the corresponding expansions of the recurrence coefficients in the classical case. Moreover, we find certain non-linear difference equations for the recurrence coefficients of the monic polynomials, auxiliary functions in the ladder operators and for . We also observe the phenomenon of singularity confinement, related to that observed in the q-discrete Painlevé equations. Furthermore, we give a generalization of the weight function, characterized by for on the exponential lattice. In this situation we find another system of difference equations satisfied by and study its behaviour for large n. The paper ends with the discussion on a deformation of the generalized little q-Laguerre weight.


Graphical Abstract Graphical Abstract Visualization of ventricular activation sequence by using an ultra-high-frequency ECG in heart failure patient with LBBB and LV ejection fraction of 32% (A). LBBB was corrected by LVSP (B), and nsLBBP (C). Both LVSP and nsLBBP corrected right-to-left ventricular dyssynchrony present during LBBB (e-DYS 93 ms). They led to left-to-right ventricular activation pattern, with e-DYS—20 ms during LVSP and—41 during nsLBBP. e-DYS, time difference between the first and last UHF-ECG activation; for more details, see Jurak et al.12 LVSP, left septal myocardial pacing.


Epibacteria of seaweeds play an important role for the development of hosts and are influenced by the planktonic surrounding seawater bacteria. However, to date, the knowledges related to both epiphytic and surrounding seawater bacterial communities associated with northern farmed Saccharina japonica are very limited. In this study, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, the shifts of epiphytic and surrounding seawater bacterial communities of the northern farmed S. japonica from mature sporophytes, sporelings (3 time points) to juvenile sporophytes (2 time points) were investigated. The dominant genera of epibacterial communities were Alcanivorax (mature sporophytes and 4-week-old sporelings), Bacillus (7-week-old sporelings and 9-week-old sporelings), Halomonas (4-week-old juvenile sporophytes) and Cobetia (9-week-old juvenile sporophytes). Meanwhile, the Chao1 indexes and beta diversity of epibacterial communities were significantly different with the development of S. japonica (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Alcanivorax, Bacillus and Halomonas were both dominant and core genera, indicating that these taxa may be beneficial to the development of S. japonica. The alpha diversity indexes of both epiphytic and surrounding seawater bacterial communities were significantly different for 9-week-old juvenile sporophytes. Therefore, the epibacterial communities were influenced by both development of S. japonica and the surrounding seawater bacterial communities. This study not only extends the understanding of the bacterial communities associated with the northern farmed S. japonica, but also help to make production management by monitoring the variations in both epiphytic and surrounding seawater bacterial communities.


Abstract A hierarchical clustering algorithm using Ward's method has been applied to the 500-hPa geopotential height field in the Pacific–North American sector. In contrast to previous clustering studies that measure distance between records by using all the grid points within the domain (full-field method), the procedure outlined here, referred to as the limited-contour method, focuses on the coordinates of the 540-dam contour as the distance measure. Comparison between the regimes emerging from the two methods shows that the limited-contour method is more efficient than the full-field method with respect to grouping maps with ridges located at similar longitudes. The four regimes emerging from the limited-contour clustering analysis have been named as follows: Off-Shore Trough, Alaskan Ridge, Coastal Ridge, and Rockies Ridge. The frequencies of occurrence of the regimes have a significant relationship with the phase of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation. El Nino winters exhibit a strong preference for the...


As per the norms of funding, in the rural water supply (RWS) programs of developing countries the choice of Level of Service (LOS) is incorporated at the stage of planning itself by the Consumers. However, in most of the cases the Consumers accept these programs with just the basic LOS in order to minimize their share of contribution. Hence, such schemes can effectively be termed as the scheme planned and designed with the philosophy of supply driven approach (SDA). In such situation it can be mention that the "some for all, rather than more for some" policy leads to "minimum unsatisfactory virtually free service to all". Thus planners should rather strive for basic service to all and higher LOS to those who are willing to pay for more. Cost of RWS for different LOS for Village, starting from basic service to higher service level.


Aim. This study aims to assess the incidence of heart failure (HF) and associated mortality, and also the burden on the healthcare system in the subjects of Russian Federation, based on the HF encoding data.Material and methods. We made a structured request for the number of patients with HF and the number of cases of providing medical care in 2019. HF was understood to mean the presence of at least one of the codes I09.9, I11.0, I13.0, I13.2, I25.5, I42.0, I42.5, I42.6, I42.7, I42.8, I42.9, I43.0, I43.1, I43.2, I43.8, I50.X (expanded encoding) according to International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision. The code I50.X was considered separately (the standard HF enconding).Results. The information about the incidence of HF, associated mortality and burden on the healthcare system was obtained from 15 subjects (53,6% from those that gave the data according to the request; the adult population is 18,9% from total adult population of Russian Federation). We noted significant heterogeneity between the regions. The median of the incidence of HF and associated mortality was 2,6 and 3,2% in accordance with the data of the expanded encoding, and 0,21 and 11,3% — according to the standard HF encoding. The presence of the code I50.x was observed in average in 9,4% of all cases of HF and defined the patients who frequently used emergency medical services and were frequently hospitalized (60 (18, 96) and 48 (20, 137) cases per 100 patients versus 9 (5, 24) and 17 (10, 70) cases in the expanded encoding).Conclusion. According to the encoding, the indicators of the incidence of HF and associated mortality vary greatly between the regions, the median values are 2,6 and 3,2% in expanded and 0,21 and 11,3% in standard approaches. In the standard encoding, there were more frequent use of emergency medical services and less number of outpatient visits. The development and introduction of a unified approach to encoding and recording the cases of HF will provide obtaining objective statistical data and using them for management decisions.