OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to identify distinguishing characteristics of uncommon lesions of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and internal auditory canal (IAC) in order to attain the correct diagnosis and thus formulate an appropriate therapeutic protocol.

STUDY DESIGN
A retrospective chart analysis was performed on all patients with surgically managed lesions of the IAC and CPA referred to neuropathology from January 1985 to April 1996.

SETTING
All patients were treated by New York University faculty at a tertiary referral center.

PATIENTS
Among 426 surgical cases identified, 384 patients (90.1%) with acoustic neuromas and 18 patients (4.2%) with meningiomas were excluded. The remaining 24 cases, involving 17 women and seven men with a median age of 34 years, were analyzed.

INTERVENTION
Most patients underwent audiovestibular evaluations, as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomographic (CT) scanning, and all patients underwent neurotologic surgery as part of their management protocol.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Correlating patient presentation, preoperative imaging, and surgical findings often identified distinguishing characteristics of unusual CPA and IAC lesions.

RESULTS
Unusual lesions identified at the CPA and IAC included: four epidermoids, four lipomas, two facial neuromas, two arachnoid cysts, two choroid plexus papillomas, two metastatic adenocarcinomas, one metastatic neuroblastoma, one ependymoma, one lymphoma, one cholesterol cyst, one angioleiomyoma, one venous hemangioma, one cavernous angioma, and one pontine glioma.

CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative tumor differentiation based on the patient history, physical examination, audiovestibular testing, CT, and MRI help the surgeon to formulate an appropriate treatment protocol.


Ptrata haploapophysis, sp. nov. (fig. 1)Holotype: ♀, allotype: ♂, paratypes: 2♀♀, 2♂♂, collected from Anyang (35°50'N, 115°10' E), Henan Province. May-Oct. 1982.Length of females 6.5- 8.0 mrA. Carapace yellowish brown with brown pattern arid brown lines along the margins, thoracic lateral light area distinct, separated at middle by discontinuous submarginal dark bands. Anterior eyes row straight from front, shorter than or equal to the second eyes row, anterior median eye larger than the lateral. Epigynum with 2 pairs sperma-thecae.Length of male 5.8 - 6.5 mm. Median apophysis of the palpal brgan hook-like.The new species resembles Pirata subpiraticus Boesenberg et Strand but differs from the latter in the V-shaped pattern of carapace being faint ,at the distal and lower part, the lateral pair spermathecae circular, and the vertaral process of median apophysis pointing downword.Phrata tenuisetaceus sp. nov. (fig.11)Holotype: ♀, allotype: ♂, paratypes 2♀♀, 2♂♂, collected from Xinyang (31°50'N, 114°10' E), Henan Province. July. 1981, Oct. 1982; Nenchang(28°40'N, 115°50'E) Jiangxi Province, July, 1983.Length of females 3.8 - 7.0mm. Carapace yellowish brown .or redish brown, with dark brown pattern and black lines along the margins, V-shaped pattern distinct, thoracic lateral light area fiant and discontinuous separated at middle by the submarginal dark bands. Anterior eyes row straight from front, shorter thaen the second eyes row, anterior median eye larger than the lateral. Epigynum with 3 pairs spermathecae, and a pair of them erect longer at the upper part.Length of males 4.5 - 5.0 mm. Median apophysis of the palpal organ with a triangular dorsal processes.The new species belongs to the insularis group Wallace and Exline but differs from other members of the group in having "hair" on the inner margin of the median apophysis.


The application of capital punishment itself has been regulated in Indonesia as contained in the law. Article 2 paragraph (2) of Corruption Act concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes. According to Romli Atmasasmita, it was argued that the death penalty for corruptors was effectively implemented in the People's Republic of China (PRC), and it was quite successful to reduce corruption. This certainly can be used as an example in Indonesia in imposing capital punishment for corruptors. The imposition of capital punishment for perpetrators of corruption is urgently needed as "shock therapy" because psychologically the death penalty aims for the benefit of general prevention so that others do not participate in committing crimes. Also, the application of capital punishment is based on the reason that capital punishment is more certain than the prison sentence because the prison sentence is often followed by running away, forgiveness, or because of the release. When compared from an economic standpoint, basically the death sentence is more efficient when compared to life imprisonment. As for the problems that can be formulated, namely: legal arrangements regarding corruption in Corruption Act; the application of capital punishment sanctions against perpetrators of corruption in Indonesia. The results of the study show that: Corruption is a type of extraordinary crime ("extraordinary crime") that must be handled extraordinarily, so that the act is contrary to the 1945 Constitution, therefore it does not need to be protected by the 1945 Constitution. accommodated in Article 2 paragraph (2) of the Corruption Act, must meet the requirements "in certain circumstances" by the Elucidation of Article 2 paragraph (2), but its application has never been implemented, so it is necessary to review the rules "in certain circumstances".


Annual Forage Legumes Collection The development of new cultivars is impossible to imagine without wide genetic variabil i ty for various agronomic characteristics. For tha t reason, work on field pea (Pisum sa t ivum L. ) genetic resources in the Inst i tute of Field and Vegetable Crops, the only Serbian institution involved in field pea breeding, has always had a special place in all its activities.


Benign disease of bone marrow in which marrow is reorganize into fibrous tissue and immature woven bone, is known as fibrous dysplasia. Involvement of temporal bone is rare and can be isolated or in monostotic or polystotic form with various otologic manifestations. We are here reporting a case of fibrous dysplasia of the unilateral temporal bone who presented with hearing loss and stenosis of the external auditory canal. External auditory canal stenosis due to fibrous dysplasia was managed with canalplasty and patient was free of recurrence till last follow up. Fibrous dysplasia of isolated temporal bone is a rare entity which requires high grade of suspicion in a patient who presents with unusual bony swellings in the ear. Its management usually includes resection of the most affected part of temporal bone in order to achieve auditory canal patency and restoration of hearing. After surgery, a close follow up is warranted due to its propensity of recurrence.


This paper presents an extended airframe format in order to realize a flexible cellular configuration, under a severe frequency reuse condition, in particular using only one frequency. This extension can be easily applied to next-generation OFDM systems. Additionally, channel interference scenarios due to the peculiar cell structure of the proposed extension-the cells are deployed so that the direct-spread (DS) areas are overlapped-are discussed. The impact of the introduction of DS slots is also investigated.


his loaded colon relieved, but the condition of increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure as well, which they have shown to be not infrequiently present. DAVID MATTHEW. SENSORIMOTOR NEUROLOGY. [53] Involuntary movements: their unusual association and relation to the phenomena of decerebrate rigidity.-S. BROCK and I. S. WECEISLER. Arch. of Neiurol. and Psychiat., 1924, xi, 698. BROCK and Wechsler refer to the difficulty of fitting cases of involuntary movement into established syndromes, and illustrate the coexistence of numerous types of involuntary movement in the same individual by a report of four cases: (1) an instance of so-called double athetosis presenting choreiform, athetoid and dystonic movements together with postural disturbance (a fragment of decerebrate rigidity); (2) a combination of choreiform, Parkinsonian, and tic-like movements following epidemic encephalitis, engrafted on which is a hysterical astasia-abasia; (3) an instance of a choreodystonic type of movenment confined to the musculature of the right foot; (4) a remarkable dyskinetic syndrome following epidemic encephalitis, belonging to the dystonia group, segmental in nature and limited to the head and neck musculature. The retracted head, opisthotonic back, pronated hand and equinus foot form an exquisite example of decerebrate rigidity. In fact, the clinical picture is one of recurring waves of partial decerebration. A study of these cases has convinced the authors that phenonmena showing the pattern of decerebrate rigidity may be found in patients exhibiting involuntary movements and extrapyramidal syndromes, and that there is no justification for Walshe's dogmatic limitation of the phenomena of decerebrate rigidity to cases showing interference with the function of the pyramidal system. R. M. S. [54] Epidemic encephalitis, with special reference to its late manifestations (Contributo alla conoscenza dell'encefalite epidemica e della sua sintomatologia con speciale riguardo a quiella del periodo tardivo).OTTORINo Rossi. Boll. dell'Ist. Sieroterap. Milan, 1924, iii, 1. PROFESSOR Rossi bases his paper on the investigation of some 152 cases of the disease occurring in Northern Sardinia in epidemic form, which reached its acme in 1920. On the whole, he has found that the so-called late manifestations of the affection develop at variable intervals after the acute stages without the interim disappearance of all signs of trouble. Mental disorders, disturbance of sleep, varieties of Parkinsonism, sympathetic impairment, are specifically referred to and illustrated. Unusual interest attaches to Rossi's cases of obesity, polyuria, and infantilism following the disease. Analogous cases have been seen in this couintry and in America. Cerebellar manifestations have also been noted by him. S. A. K. W. HO0


Mass mortality events, the rapid, catastrophic die-off of organisms, have recently been recognized as important events in controlling population size, but are difficult to quantify given their infrequency. These events can lead to large inputs of animal carcasses into aquatic ecosystems, which can have large ecosystem scale impacts. Invasive freshwater bivalves such as the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea, the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha, the golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei, and the Chinese pond mussel Sinanodonta woodiana can attain high densities and biomass and play important roles in aquatic ecosystems through filtration, bioturbation, and excretion. Invasive bivalve species can best be described as R-selected species and appear not to have the same tolerance to abiotic stressors as native species, causing them to be prone to mass mortality events in their invasive range. In contrast to their ecological effects while alive, the frequency and impacts of mass mortality events of invasive freshwater bivalves are not well understood. Here we review the causes and impacts of mass mortality events, as well as identify important questions for future research. Extreme abiotic conditions, including both drought and flooding, as well as high and low temperatures were the primary drivers of mass mortality events. Short-term impacts of mass mortality events include large pulses of nitrogen and increased oxygen stress due to large amounts of soft tissue decomposition, while shells can impact habitat availability and nutrient cycling for decades. Impacts on biological communities (bacteria, fungi, and macroinvertebrates) are less studied but some examples exist concerning C. fluminea. Better documentation of mass mortality events, particularly their magnitude and frequency, is needed to fully understand the impacts invasive bivalve species have on aquatic ecosystems, especially as climate change may make mass mortality events more frequent and/or have a larger magnitude.


A sprung mass damping control system of a vehicle, which suppresses sprung mass vibration generated in a vehicle body by adjusting a driving control amount of a drive source (the second motor-generator (32)), includes a spring vibration control amount calculating device (5) that sets a sprung mass damping control amount for suppressing the sprung mass vibration, a drive source control device (a motor-generator control device (6)) that executes sprung mass damping control by controlling the driving control amount of the drive source to realize the sprung mass damping control amount, and a sprung mass damping control amount adjusting apparatus (a sprung mass damping control amount responsiveness compensating portion (5d)) that adjusts the phase of a sprung mass damping control signal related to the sprung mass damping control amount according to the situation. A vehicle is provided with this sprung mass damping control system.


Based on investment efficiency, this paper studies the influencing factors of investment efficiency and the relationship between internal control and investment efficiency. The research finds that: (1) The inefficient investment behavior of listed companies in China is mainly characterized by insufficient investment; (2) The higher the level of internal control of an enterprise, the higher its investment efficiency. The research in this paper shows that internal control plays an important role in the company's investment decision-making. Strengthening the construction of the internal control system can effectively improve the investment efficiency of the enterprise.


This paper develops the first comprehensive LFG analysis of the five most important types of copula constructions in Hungarian. I basically adopt Dalrymple et al.'s (2004) programmatic view, which admits diversity both in c-structure and in f-structure across and within languages, and which postulates that the "postcopular" constituent can be the functional cohead of the copula, in which case the copula itself is only a formative, it can have the open XCOMP function and it can also have the closed PREDLINK function. (This contrasts with Butt et al.'s (1999) and Attia's (2008) uniform PREDLINK approach at the fstructure level.) On the basis of the behavior of the construction types in question, I employ the functional cohead device, the PREDLINK tool (but not as the only uniform tool); however, (contrary to Dalrymple et al. (2004)) I claim that there is no need for the XCOMP treatment. At the same time, I also argue that in the case of some construction types, it is most appropriate to assume that the postcopular constituent has an OBL function.


In this work, an attempt is made to design an optimal wind/pv/diesel hybrid power system for a village of Ain Merane, Chlef, Algeria, where the wind speed and solar radiation measurements were made. The aim of this paper is the optimization of a hybrid wind/solar/diesel system applied in term of technical and economic feasibility by simulation using HOMER. A comparison was made between the performance of wind/pv/diesel system and the classic connecting system. Keywords—Chlef-Algeria, Homer, Renewable energy, Wind-pvdiesel hybrid system.


Growth responses of riparian eastern white cedar trees (Thuja occidentalis L.) to the double damming of a large lake in the southeastern Canadian boreal forest was analyzed to determine whether the...


We calculate the differential cross section of ..cap alpha..-..cap alpha.. elastic scattering with the full Glauber amplitude of high energy nucleus-nucleus elastic scattering and the rigid projectile approximation. The results are satisfactory.


This paper describes the preparation and use of a detector tube to determine the level of methyl isoeyanate (MeNCO) vapors in ambient air or nitrogen purge gas. The need for a simple method to determine the level of MeNCO in vessels prior to opening for inspection led to the developmemt of this tube. In the absence of such a method, the irritant characteristic of MeNCO has been relied upon for a warning of hazard. The detector tube, which is capable of detecting MeNCO at a level of 1 ppm by volume or higher, is based on the orange to yellow color change obtained when MeNCO reacts with p-aminoazobenzene impregnated on silica gel. Added heat from a battery-operated wire coil is required for the reaction to occur immediately. A possible use of this tube as a test to distinguish between aliphatic and aromatic isocyanates is suggested.


Substrate (1, 1 ') for a mirror substrate with reduced weight, in which in a surface of the substrate (1) has recesses (2, 3, 4, 2', 3 ', 4') and pockets (7, 8, 7 ' , 8 ') are introduced for receiving supports, by means of which the webs (5, 6, 9, 10, 5', 6 ', 9', 10 ') between the recesses (2, 3, 4, 2', 3 ' 'are defined), which is characterized in that at least a first part of the webs (5, 6, 5', 4 ') and the pockets (7, 8, 7', 8, 6 '), which (the recesses 2 define), a different width than a second portion of the webs (9, 10, 9 ', 3, 4, 2', 3 ', 4', 10 '), which pockets (7, 8, 7', 8 ' defined), comprising.


Active control method and passive control method to eradicate the hump zone of axial flow fan are analyzed in this article.Merits and defects of some kinds of methods are compared.It is difficult to realize non-humping by means of active control method under the current condition of internal flow theory of fluid machine,numerical calculation and manufacturing art.So the non-humping research emphasis of axial flow fan should be placed on the passive control methods in the near fuure.


AIM To explore anticancer activity and mechanism of Cinobufagin (CBG) in vitro . METHODS Effect of CBG on the DNA content in S phase of cell cycle and the proliferative index of human hepatocarcionoma cell strain SMMC 7721 and human leukemia cline HL 60 cultuerd in vitro and the effect on inducing the cancer cell to apoptosis were checked up by flow cytometry the cytotoxic reaction of CBG on SMMC 7721 and HL 60 were investgated by the method of MTT. And the changes of the cellar ultrastructure induced by CBG were observed by the transmission electron microscopy. RESRLTS CBG had the remarking anticancer activity. The IC 50 of CBG on HL 60 was 1.25 μg·L -1 and the IC 50 on SMMC 7721 was 2.72 μg·L -1 . And the DNA content and the proliferative index of HL 60 SMMC 7721 were evidently reduced. The cancer cell was induced to apoptosis by CBG. The changes of organelle structure, a lot of necrosis and apoptosis of cells, swelling of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum, and increasing of lysosme could be observed under the transmission electron microscopy. CONCLUSION CBG has an efficacious anticancer mechanism, which may be carried out by inhibiting the DNA biosynthesis of cancer cell and inducing the cell apoptosis.


This study reports new habitat and host for the parasitoid Trichopria sp. (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) which were collected from pupae of Peckia chrysostoma (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) by means of traps containing some bovine kidney baits in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in December of 2003. It was collected a total of 41 specimens of the parasitoid Trichopria sp. from 155 pupae of P. chrysostoma. The percentage of parasitism was 0.65%. This study reports the first occurrence of Trichopria sp. parasitizing P. chrysostoma in kidneys, in Minas Gerais, Brazul and superparasitism in species of the genus Trichopria.

KEY-WORDS: Diptera, Hymenoptera, Diapriidae, bovine kidney, Lavras, |Minas Gerais.

Source: Arquivos do Instituto Biologico, 2004.


Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is strongly associated with the development of primary gastric B cell lymphoma of MALT‐type. Therapeutic decisions in primary gastric MALT lymphomas, e.g., the choice for gastric surgery or stomach‐conserving treatments in the form of radio‐, chemo‐, or eradication therapy, should be based on an accurate histopathological diagnosis, grading and clinical staging.


Taking the Brazilian soap operas as a stage of analysis, we seek in this text to problematize the discourses/practices in the soap operas aired on Globo Television in the years 2013/2014 related to the adoption of children and adolescents. Considering that media, especially television, can make objects circulate, influencing the behavior of millions of people, dictating and affirming ways of doing things, thinking and consuming, and observing that in recent years the issue of adoption appeared regularly in screens, the discussion of this issue is justified and present. Our universe of analysis was the soap opera Amor à vida (Love of life), broadcasted during prime time from May 2013 to January 2014. Anchored in the contributions of Foucault, Guattari and Bourdieu we let the subjectivities produced by that institution regarding modes of parenting and adoption affect us. We found that the adoption through National Register was the modality stimulated at the expense of other practices.


Power structures today are manifold and complex. Tomorrow's world will be more complex still. This paper aims to explore just a few of the many future issues surrounding changes in power, the organizations and people that hold it and the ways in which it could be gained and manipulated. It identifies two parallel trends. One is that instantaneous communication, the growth of large network‐based communities, virtual companies and the attendant problem of taxation collection will strengthen globalization. The other, almost contradictory, trend is that advances in information technology and automation will allow for more emphasis on human issues and local community activities. The only guaranteed outcome in the new power structure is increased complexity.


Dark and baryonic matter contribute comparable energy density to the present universe. The dark matter may also be responsible for the cosmic positron and electron excesses. We connect these phenomena with the Dirac seesaw for neutrino masses. In our model (i) the dark matter relic density is a dark matter asymmetry generated simultaneously with the baryon asymmetry so that we can naturally understand the coincidence between the dark and baryonic matter and (ii) the dark matter mostly decays into the leptons so that its decay can interpret the anomalous cosmic rays with positron and electron excesses.


In human and animal health, conventional approaches to preventing and controlling gastrointestinal disease (GI) have not reduced the overall disease burden. In order to understand and mitigate shared GI aetiologies between humans and animals it is necessary to develop One Health Surveillance approaches that integrate data-sources contributed to by human and veterinary healthcare. Here we describe how a real-time surveillance system for early detection of GI outbreaks in small animal and human health is being developed by collecting electronic health records from veterinary practitioners and a telephone-based 24-hour medical triage service in the UK.


Abstract The VVER-1000 Full Core Calculation Benchmark was presented in the 26th AER Symposium in 2016. Recently there are several solutions of this benchmark made by several reactor physics codes. In this paper the solution of the benchmark calculated by the KARATE code system will be presented in details and some comparisons to the reference solution will be shown.


The eect of electron-hole hybridisation on the cyclotron resonance of a bilayer-bipolar InAs/GaSb structure is investigated for samples with varying electron-hole separation. At low magnetic fields it is found that the cyclotron resonance mass of the electrons is significantly enhanced when the electrons and holes are closer together. A two band model shows excellent agreement with the experimental results, giving strong evidence that the eect is the result of single particle coupling.


A four-beam semiconductor laser was developed in which a monolithic array of four individually addressable GaAlAs high power lasers and four integrated Si photodiodes for monitoring the light output power of laser beams are housed in a single package. The main specifications are as follows; output power per beam, 40 mW; wavelength, 830 nm; and monitoring current at 30 mW, 100~200 Thermal analysis by numerical simulation was carried out and compared to experimental values observed during simultaneous operation of the multiple elemental lasers. The operating lifetime is estimated to be more than 10,000 hrs at room temperature.


Objective To investigate the efficacy of silicone membrane vesicle of different thickness in preventing complication of kyphoplasty.Methods Four formalin-fixed old female spines (T_12-L_5) were disarticulated into 24 vertebral bodies,which were allocated into four groups.Curette was used to create spaces about 6ml through unipedicular or bipedicular. Bone cement was injected after inserting silicone membrane vesicle of different thickness. Results Silicone membrane vesicle with the thickness of 100μm contained bone cement could manipulate the distribution of bone cement and plug in bone trabecula easily without interface,but the silicone membrane vesicle with the thickness of 200μm could not Conclusion Silicone membrane vesicle of thickness 100μm can manipulate distribution of bone cement and plug in bone trabecula to prevent complication in balloon kyphoplasty.


We report a rigorous ab initio study of the ground and low-lying excited-state potential-energy surfaces (PESs) of the Cl3 radical at CASSCF, CASPT2, and MRSDCI levels of theory. The ground state has two Cl⋯Cl2 van der Waals complexes, XL and X′B. The linear asymmetric minimum (XL) is 2Π, with a Cl–Cl distance r=3.90 bohr, and a Cl–M (M: the Cl2 center-of-mass) distance R=8.70 bohr. The bent asymmetric minimum (X′B) is of 2A′ symmetry, with r=3.90 bohr, R=6.85 bohr, and the angle between r and R, γ=68.4°. Spin–orbit CI (configuration interaction) predicts that the global minimum is linear XL (2Π3/2) with a bond dissociation energy of De(Cl2(X)-Cl) of 280 cm−1. Low-lying doublet excited states have only one strongly bound structure, a linear symmetric AL (1 2Πg) state with a bond distance of 4.67 bohr. This state is bound by ∼4300 cm−1 with respect to the Cl2(3Πu)+Cl asymptote, and its minimum lies about 8700 cm−1 above the XL van der Waals minimum. Transition dipole moment calculations show that t...


The SOLar-STellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) [1] on the SOLar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) [2] has been observing the lunar irradiance in the ultraviolet on a routine basis since June 2006. SOLSTICE is a two channel grating spectrometer that monitors the solar irradiance from 115 to 300 nm and uses an ensemble of bright stars to track instrument degradation. The far ultraviolet (FUV) channel measures from 115 to 180 nm, while the middle ultraviolet (MUV) channel measures from 180 to 300 nm. The large dynamic range of the instrument allows us to also measure the lunar irradiance with good signal-to-noise over a wide range of phase angles. Photometric measurements of atmosphereless solar system bodies provide information on the textural and topographic properties of their surfaces. Near zero phase, the disk-integrated reflectance rises sharply. This phenomenon is commonly known as the opposition surge. The amplitude of the rise and its width in phase angle provide information about the porosity, grain size distribution, and the physical mechanism of reflection [3]. Disk-integrated measurements at large phase angles provide information on topographic surface roughness [4]. SOLSTICE observations of the Moon are well-suited to such photometric studies as they span a wide range of phase angles (∼ 0◦ – 170◦). The ultraviolet wavelength range of SOLSTICE may provide unique information on these photometric properties of the Moon. Unlike previous ultraviolet albedo measurements, the SOLSTICE instrument observes both the lunar and solar irradiances. As described in Snow et al. [5], this observing technique removes uncertainties due to instrument cross-calibration in the measurement of the diskintegrated lunar albedo. An additional advantage to using SOLSTICE to observe the Moon is that we have solar spectra taken shortly before or after the lunar spectrum (usually less than an hour). This is particularly important in the FUV band where the Sun is highly variable compared to the visible.


Love is a kind of social relation,and it is sure to face the choice of how to deal with the interpersonal relationship.College students in love must comply with certain ethical principles,namely,love morality.In the process of love,the college students of our country go wrong with their love: love before learning,love utilitarian motives,short-term behavior,lack of responsibility,lack of public morality,all of which are caused by two reasons: one is college students' own physiological and psychological characteristics;the other one consists of social culture and economy,family and university which all together function under the social background.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the range of philosophical issues that can encourage practitioners toward a reflective and meditative consideration of refurbishment as a way of re‐imagining existing architecture.Design/methodology/approach – The paper critically reviews existing architecture literature and the emerging applied ethical enquiry in the built environment.Findings – Refurbishment projects can help achieve an extension of the economic life for many buildings. The re‐imagining of buildings is far from merely being a technical exercise. By analogously considering a building as a human, various characteristics and traits can be found – a voice, emotions and memory. The messages that are recovered from buildings need to be decoded. The ongoing applied ethical enquiry based upon the responsive cohesion model is encouraging architects to reconsider the philosophical basis of their obligations to existing buildings.Originality/value – The paper offers an applied considerati...


Polypropylene fibers were treated against microbial effects by gamma radiation-induced grafting of acrylic acid, followed by metal complexation with Zn2+ or Ag+ metal ions. The treated polypropylene fibers were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of the treatment on the thermal stability was investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis, in which a slight increase in the major thermal stability was observed. The antimicrobial activity of the treated fibers was also evaluated. On the basis of the obtained results, it was found that the antimicrobial properties of the treated fibers were enhanced both qualitatively, as indicated by the distinct inhibition zone diameter towards Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacterial strains under study, and quantitatively, in which 100% inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was achieved. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Vehicle detection in the aerial image is an essential and challenging task widely used in industry and agriculture. Deep learning technology has recently achieved rapid development and good object detection results. However, the background of aerial images is complex; targets are densely distributed, and some of them are occluded. For densely distributed targets, we need to predict at each feature point. In the case of complex background and target occlusion, it is often difficult to determine whether a location contains a target if the model only focuses on the local information. Therefore, we need a global perspective and contextual information to help train the model. This letter proposes a new anchor-free small object detection algorithm, which improves feature extraction by fusing contextual semantic information. In addition, a dynamic activation function (DAF) is also used in our network, which helps us calculate the activation function value for each point from a global perspective. Moreover, we also use the channel attention module and the transformer as the spatial attention module to help the network efficiently obtain global information. We evaluate the effectiveness of our method on the public dataset DLR-3K and vehicle detection in aerial imagery dataset (VEDAI), and the average precision (AP) achieves 0.896 and 0.875.


The unity and contradiction of the tramming Process and expression in sketch from nature. The essay expresses the relation ship between whole obseruation and whole expression, ahole observation and Partial expression, Partial observation and Partial expression from both theory and Practice. It has great significance in reinfoning sketch teaching.


Goal and objectives of the dissertationGoalThe fields of tourism and migration have been uneasy companions despite the fact that both study the two largest patterns of human movement across geographical areas. A recent emergence of the mobilities paradigm created potential for bridging the two knowledge networks and providing opportunities for crossover and mutual enrichment. Engaging with the intersection of tourism and migration mobilities, this study has a dual goal. Theoretically it explores diaspora tourism as a promising link between tourism and migration. Practically diaspora tourism is offered as a coping strategy that can be used by immigrants to alleviate stress associated with relocation to a culturally dissimilar society.ObjectivesIn this dissertation diaspora tourism is explored as it pertains to the fourth wave of Ukrainian immigrants in the United States by accomplishing three objectives.1. The first objective was to chronicle identity formation and adjustment issues Ukrainian immigrants experience upon arrival to the United States, and how these issues affect their relationship with and desire to visit Ukraine.2. The second objective concerned documenting immigrant imaginaries (i.e., images and ideas we hold in our consciousness) and the potential of diaspora tourism promotion through culturally grounded narratives created from accounts of immigrants' lived experiences. The processes of creating a culturally grounded narrative and its evaluation are presented.3. Finally, the third objective was to detail the act of corporeal travel of immigrants, and investigate the possible predictors of such travel. Several predictors (e.g., context of migration, media use, self-construal, destination image) were drawn from different bodies of literature and their effects on the likelihood of visiting the homeland were investigated.MethodologyA two-phased mixed methods approach was used for this study. The first phase involved conducting in-depth interviews with Ukrainian immigrants of the fourth wave, and focusing on general themes of contexts of exit and entry, issues of acculturation, identity, and self-construal, and images and opinions of their homeland. The sample was comprised of members of the fourth wave of Ukrainian immigrants who arrived in the US from 1991 to as recent as a year ago and live in New York City. Multiple Ukrainian organizations were contacted (e.g., Ukrainian churches, women's leagues, business associations, and cultural clubs) in New York City to solicit help distributing recruitment materials (e.g., introductory note, flyer through e-mail or newsletters) to their members. The recruitment and interview process, which occurred over the course of a two-day trip to New York City, continued until saturation was reached and resulted in 13 usable interviews. After completing the interviews the recordings were saved as audio files. All respondents chose to speak in Ukrainian, so the interviews were translated into English and transcribed. The translation was verified by an expert fluent in both languages. Data analysis followed Marvasti's (2003) guidelines (i.e. data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing). Data reduction and display involved the researcher and her advisor individually reading the transcriptions, making notes, and highlighting important passages. They then met to compare findings and to draw conclusions, which were rooted in the displayed data. To make the analysis more manageable, only the data that related to the research questions and the conceptual framework of the project were maintained for further analysis.The second phase was grounded in the results of the first phase and included an online survey containing questions about media usage, self-construal, and destination image.The survey also contained an experimental treatment, where respondents were exposed to culture-centric promotional narratives, followed by post-treatment destination image and diaspora tourism (i. …


This article deals with Titus' visit to the temple of Venus at Paphos in the second book of Tacitus' Historiae. I argue that apart from its other literary intentions already mentioned by scholars, this digression implicitly connects Titus not only with Aeneas but also with Julius Caesar. Titus' affair with Berenice that recalls Caesar's affair with Cleopatra, Tacitus' allusions to Lucan's De Bello Civili where Caesar's visit to the tomb of Alexander the Great is described, the πόθοςMotiv and fortuna's favour that characterise both Roman generals, all contribute to connect Titus with Caesar and allow the reader to view a parallel between the Flavian and the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Furthermore, the particular digression allows the historian to present certain aspects of his work and his historiographic practices and to reinforce his credibility.


The Canadian Digestive Health Foundation initiated a scientific program to assess the incidence, prevalence, mortality and economic impact of digestive disorders across Canada. The current article presents the updated findings from the study concerning gastroesophageal reflux disease - a condition that develops when the reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications (Montreal definition).


OBJECTIVE To explore the optimal prescription of levofloxacin dexamethasone ophthalmic gel and the proper preparation process of it,establish a quality control method of the formulation.METHODS Use carbomer 934 for gel matrix,control suitable viscosity by means of adjusting the concentration,add sodium chloride in order to regulate the osmotic pressure,use sodium hydroxide to adjust pH,adopt UV spectrophotometry to determine the content of main drugs and study the stability of the formulation.RESULTS The appearance of the formulation was light yellow-green and transparent,the recoveries of levofloxacin hydrochloride and dexamethasone sodium phosphate were 100.24%(RSD=0.83%) and 100.35%(RSD = 1.07%).CONCLUSION The process of preparation is simple and reliable,and the quality of the ophthalmic gel is stable.


The question of the proper scope of the treaty power has long been considered one of the most difficult constitutional problems in a federal system. There is already a large literature on the subject as it relates to the three English-speaking federations-the United States, Canada, and Australia. Recent controversies over the Bricker Amendment (and related proposals to limit the treaty power) have brought the problem into even sharper focus in America. There is, however, a surprising dearth of literature on the Swiss experience with the constitutional problems involved in the treaty process. In part this dearth is due to the linguistic barrier to much of the Swiss material; in part to the unique nature of the Swiss Constitution which tends to give an insular appearance to Swiss legal developments. But I shall hope to show that the Swiss experience yields an illuminating comparison with that of the English-speaking federations, and that examination of Swiss constitutional developments shows the central virtue of the comparative method to be not less valuable in public than in private law: to see a legal problem in perspective, discerning which parts of the problem are intrinsic and which are adventitious.


ABSTRACT Despite the growing popularity and frequency of science festivals in the United States (US), the body of science festival research is limited. Using the lens of experiential learning theory, we examined the lasting impacts of science festivals on individual family members' perspectives of the experience, and the similarities and differences in parent and children perspectives. The participants were 175 visitors and five families (7 children, 6 adults), who attended a science-themed festival. On the day of the event, 175 participants completed a questionnaire. Three months later individual family members participated in a drawing, drawing description, and interview. The results indicate that children described themselves as active participants, while parents portrayed themselves as onlookers. Families attended the event as a unit, but the experiences individuals described were dissimilar. The findings have implications for researchers and practitioners who design science festival programs. A discussion of seven characteristics of successful activities are included.


Introduction Globalizing Cultural Complexity The Autonomization of the Cultural Sphere Personality, Unity and the Ordered Life The Heroic Life and Everyday Life Globalizing the Postmodern Global and Local Cultures Localism, Globalism and Cultural Identity Travel, Migration and Images of Social Life


Determining the single product railway strategic-loading-station(RSLS) location problem determined on the basis of satisfying the general location constraints and related special constraints, is related to determining the location of each stay with station and the transportation plan. Based on the theory of capacitated facility location with multiple souring in two stage supply chain, one mixed integer linear programming model is established which takes whole logistic cost embedding transportation and location costs as its objective. At last, an example is proposed to demonstrate the practical feasibility and availability of this method.


A method applying liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry(LC-ESI-ITMS) for the simultaneous analysis of Aconitine and its in-vitro metabolites is described.Aconitine was incubated with mouse liver microsome S9 fraction firstly,and then the incubation sample was analyzed by LC-ESI-ITMS in full-scan mode.Aconitine and its metabolites were identified from the determination of molecular ions.The metabolites detection were confirmed from tandem mass spectrometry(MSn) analysis.Comparing with the analysis of urine,8 metabolites were identified in the mouse liver S9 fractions by comparing with the analysis of urine of rat oral with Aconitine and referring to the literature reports.


In this article, the author deals with the Cypriot society's process of reflection regarding the life and death of the legendary king Peter I Lusignan of Cyprus (1359–1369). In world historiography, many works are devoted to his life and acts. The originality of this research lies in an innovative articulation of the issue, i.e. an attempt to understand the process of the victorious king's transformation into a tyrant hated by everybody and then back into a hero. The author deals with the deeds of the king as a politician and crusader only to the extent that is necessary to explain the above processes. Peter I Lusignan could show his best side and impress others. If his policies were successful, he remained a courteous and glorious king. As soon as his domestic and foreign policy was defeated, the negative sides of his psyche came to the forefront. His tyranny became so unbearable that to his vassals his death seemed the only way to save themselves and the kingdom. However, then the Cypriot society reframes the murder as a moral sin, the penalty for which lies on all Cypriots, without exception. The society repents for the assassination. All the subsequent political, social, and economic hardships of the kingdom are explained through the prism of the sin of killing the king. The Cypriot society identifies itself with his great victories, his glory, and his greatness. His victorious crusades are recognised as part of the history of the Kingdom of Cyprus. This helps to bring Peter I Lusignan back as a victorious hero in historical memory.


Superconducting thin films of Y-Ba-Cu-O on zirconia substrate are prepared using excimer laser (308 nm, 28 ns) ablation of a superconducting Y-Ba-Cu oxide disk without plasma assistance in the substrate temperature range from 450 - 550 degree(s)C. The high or low- temperature post-annealing in an oxygen atmosphere is not necessary. The highest zero resistance temperature of the produced film is up to 91.5 K. X-ray diffraction spectra reveal that the thin films are preferential x-axis orientation normal to the surface. The key to the success is increasing the oxygen pressure in the deposition chamber to about 220 mTorr and making the ejected oxygen interact with the laser beam before it comes to the deposition area. The influences of the oxygen pressure ejected into the chamber, of the laser flux density and of the substrate temperature on the superconducting property of the produced thin films are discussed.


Building Information Modelling (BIM) is claimed to transform the AEC industry, whereas current research has argued that diffusion of BIM use proceeds at a slower rate than the optimistic prediction ...


Having generalized Bohr' s correspondence principle,the author points out that the role of the correspondence principle is not only confined to the relation between classical physics and quantum physics,but also universally exists in the relation between superior and inferior theory,and between ideal model and objective truth. Meanwhile the author introduces it's application in teaching.


For more than 50 years, crested wheatgrass has been successfully seeded and has dramatically changed the forage characteristics on western ranges. However, the crested wheatgrass varieties presently used today are bunchgrasses. There is a need for a rhizomatous grass that has many of the desirable characteristics of crested wheatgrass. A rhizomatous variety of fairway wheatgrass Agropyron cristatum, named Ephraim' after the community in which it was developed, was released in 1982 by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, and the Soil Conservation Service, USDA; and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Arizona, Idaho, and Utah. Because it is rhizomatous, 'Ephraim' is especially well suited for stabiliza on of disturbed sites, on lands that have potentially high erosion characteristics, on areas of high impact or use, and on areas that are repeatedly burned. Ephraim' was collected off a dry, gravelly, clay soil in Ankara, Turkey, and introduced into the United States as P.1. 109012. The first planting in Utah was made in 1946 at Major's Flat near Ephraim. From Major's Flat, A. Perry Plummer collected seed and planted them on the John K. Olson farm, also at Ephraim. Continued testing was conducted on the Gilbert Jorgensen farm northeast of Ephraim. Plummer made selections (clonal material) from the Jorgensen planting which has been used in all subsequent plantings. Evaluation plantings have been made in northern Arizona, Utah, Idaho, and Montana by various State and Federal agencies. Individual plants are fairly uniform in vegetative traits and areas of adaptation. 'Ephraim' was selected for its abIlity to produce rhizomes as opposed to 'Fairway' Agropyron cristatum or 'Standard' crested wheatgrassAgropyron desert orum, which are bunch-


In advanced studies directed toward the total synthesis of the kedarcidin chromophore, we have successfully achieved the late-stage installation of the nine-membered diyne ring in the presence of the highly functionalised ansamacrocyclic bridge.


Solids isolated from weathered oil sands ores and those having low- and high-fine solids content were studied. The organic matter (OM) adsorbed on the solids was found insoluble in most common solvents, contributing significantly to the change of solid surface properties. The surface properties of these solids were found to affect the entire process cycle of obtaining synthetic crude oil from surface-mined oil sands using a water-based extraction process, and managing the existing tailings ponds. In this study, the low-fine solids ore possessed the lowest amount of organic-coated solids and highest bitumen recovery. Siderite and pyrite, which tend to concentrate in the hydrocarbon phase were observed in the isolated solids from the weathered and high-fine ores but were absent in the low-fine ores. In all the ores studied, the solids from the bitumen froth possess less quartz, and more carbonates compared with solids from the tailings. Elemental analysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and elemental analyser revealed the presence of more transition metals (iron and titanium), and carbon in the solids obtained from the bitumen froth when compared with those from the tailings. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy study substantiated the results obtained by X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis. IR spectra showed a likely association between OM and carbonates in the organic-coated solids isolated from bitumen froth. More organic-coated solids were found in weathered oil sands than in other types of ores and observed to reduce bitumen recovery from oil sands.

Nous avons etudie des solides isoles de nappes d'hydrocarbures alteres et de minerais de sables bitumineux presentant de faibles et fortes concentrations de materiaux solides fins. La matiere organique (OM) adsorbee sur les solides s'est montree insoluble dans la plupart des solvants courants, contribuant significativement au changement des proprietes de surface des solides. Les proprietes de surface demontrees par ces solides influencent la totalite du cycle du processus d'obtention de petrole brut synthetique a partir de sables bitumineux extraits en surface en utilisant un procede d'extraction a l'eau et la gestion des bassins de decantation des residus existants. Dans cette etude, le minerai a faible concentration de materiaux fins solides possedait la plus faible quantite de solides revetus de matieres organiques et presentait la meilleure recuperation de bitume. La siderite et la pyrite, lesquelles tendent a se concentrer dans la phase d'hydrocarbures, ont ete observees dans les solides isoles des nappes d'hydrocarbures alteres et des minerais de sables bitumineux a fortes concentrations de materiaux solides fins mais etaient absentes du minerai de sables bitumineux a faible concentration de materiaux solides fins. Pour tous les minerais etudies, les solides provenant des mousses de bitume possedent moins de quartz et plus de carbonates en comparaison des solides provenant des residus. Une analyse elementaire par spectroscopie par rayons X a dispersion d'energie et analyseur d'elements a revele la presence d'une quantite superieure de metaux de transition (fer et titane) et de carbone dans les solides obtenus a partir des mousses de bitume en comparaison de ceux provenant des residus. Une etude de spectroscopie par infrarouges (IR) a confirme les resultats obtenus par diffraction des rayons X et analyse des elements. La spectroscopie IR a montre une association probable entre la matiere organique (OM) et les carbonates dans les solides revetus de matieres organiques isoles des mousses de bitume. La presence de solides revetus de matieres organiques est superieure pour les nappes d'hydrocarbures alteres en comparaison de tous les autres types de minerais et montre une reduction de la recuperation du bitume des sables bitumineux.


High-energy (E > 2 keV) continuum flaring is detected in two narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (I Zw 1 and NAB 0205+024), consistent with occurring in a hot corona distinct from the accretion disc. The flare in I Zw 1 is accompanied by an increase in the amount of gravitationally redshifted reflected emission coming from the accretion disc. This indicates that the high-energy continuum component is compact and located close to the black hole, and could possibly be the base of an aborted jet.


Subcommittee 8 of the Standards Committee of the American Nuclear Society has proposed a standard providing subcritical limits for operations with mixed oxides of plutonium and uranium. The subcritical limit is the limiting value assigned to a controlled parameter that results in a system known to be subcritical, provided the limiting value of no other controlled parameter of the system is violated. The proposed standard includes subcritical limits for mixed oxides containing up to 30 wt% plutonium in Pu + U. A review was made of the available experimental data and validations undertaken that serve as the basis of the limits, and the assertion that they are, indeed, subcritical as given.


This paper briefly describes an innovative user-centred development method that has been used within the Employment Service in the development of one of its strategic IT systems. The paper focuses on: the organisational context within which the method has been developed; and lessons that we have learnt about introducing methods of this sort into organisations. The Employment Service (ES) is a government agency within the Department of Employment Group, employing over 40000 staff. It is responsible for, paying accurate unemployment benefits quickly and helping unemployed people in particular, and others into work through a network of over 1200 local offices. The development method described in this paper has contributed to the development of a major system to support all core components of the ES job broking service.


A.B. Arbuzov, A.Yu. Cherny, D.J. Cirilo-Lombardo R.G. Nazmitdinov, Nguyen Suan Hany A. E. Pavlov, V.N. Pervushin, A.F. Zakharov Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie str. 6, Dubna, 141980, Russia Department of Higher Mathematics, Dubna State University, Dubna, 141980, Russia National Institute of Plasma Physics, (INFIP-CONICET), FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina Department de F́ısica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Spain 5 Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam Institute of Mechanics and Energetics, Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya, 49, Moscow 127550, Russia National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409, Moscow, Russia firstname.lastname@example.com (Dated:)


For many purposes it is required to know the actual range at which an object of some definite area and shape can be recognized. If the proper value can be given to the liminal contrast (-=•0.02), we can compute the visual range. For this purpose it is necessary to measure the extinction coefficient a and the contrast C of two adjacent surfaces. The main concern is the characteristics of the human eye and the optical parameters of the atmosphere. The visual range can be calculated from the transmittance and the distance of 0.15 km between the projector and the telephoto meter will limit the liminal visual range up to 4-5 km, so that for the longer visual range (10 km or more) it is necessary to investigate not only the transmittance but the reduction rate of contrast between the objects and their backgrounds (by contrast meter and telephoto meter). In this paper the instruments, some experimental results and the methods of the determination of the visual range are described. An ITV camera is now largely used for monitoring the field view and the information can be telemetered through the narrow band telephone line. Usually the camera eye has different characteristics from the human eye. So that it is necessary to investigate the relation between actual view and camera image under different optical conditions by means of the measured value of the visual range.


Recently,vision sensor based vehicle detection becomes an attractive research area for the driver assistance system (DAS). But most research was carried out in the day time with a good lighting condition and what little research so far done in the night time assumed no interference of light. Hence a headlights based vehicle detection algorithm at nighttime environment is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm detects the rear vehicles via real-time image sequence capture. Firstly,bright objects are extracted from the nighttime road scene images. Then the extracted bright objects are verified based on rules to eliminate the interferential light sources and obtain the actual vehicle headlights. Finally,a knowledge-based method is used to cluster vehicle headlights. The clustered headlights are then validated. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility,effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm on vehicle detection at night.


Abstract Effective systems of vocational education are crucial to economic and social development. However, the coordination of labour market demand and the supply of skill requires either well-functioning labour market institutions or institutionally embedded strategic partnerships among government, labour and employers. In particular, the transplantation of German-style dual education methods to a different environment poses significant institutional dilemmas. Russia presents a useful case for examining the conditions under which such arrangements can be established. Based on a series of interviews in six Russian regions and a set of case histories, we seek to draw testable hypotheses that can be applied to other settings.


Conventional plasma torches are made entirely of quartz tubes welded together by a glassblower. The three tubes must be carefully aligned to ensure concentricity in the fabricated product. One problem associated with this style of torch is that, when one tube is damaged or deteriorates with use, the torch must be removed from service and either repaired or discarded. The repair of glass torches can be expensive and requires the expertise of a skilled glassblower. Demountable torches, in which tubes are mounted in a base, were developed to overcome these problems.


The full length cDNA of RNA3 of CMV PE, an isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus from passionflower, was cloned and sequenced by reverse transcription PCR with two primers. The nucleotide sequence of RNA3 of CMV PE was composed of 2 216 nucleotides (nt) with two open reading frames, in which the one near 5'terminal (121 963 nt) encoded a 3a protein with 279 amino acids (aa), the other one near 3' terminal (1 260 1 916 nt) encoded a coat protein with 218 aa. The non coding regions (NR) located at 5'terminal and 3'terminal were 120 nt and 301 nt, respectively, and the intergenic region (IR) was 296 nt long. There was an unique protein motif with VWCLSS sequence located at the position of 136 141 of the 3a protein. When the RNA3 of CMV PE was compared with other isolates which also belong to subgroup I of CMV, those isolates which appeared similar symptom in hosts showed higher identity of nucleotide sequences of NR, therefore, the NR might be related to the symptom.


AN experiment lS reported that addressed whether reductions of frame rate and information redundancy attectec{ the recognition ot American Sign Lang~~age (AS L ) geStLlt'e S that were presented in a multimedia tormat. Frame rate (30, 15,5, & 1 frames-per-second or tps ) prim~wily affected tmle ncedeci to learn the geshlres to criterion while point light presentation of gestures (versus conveotio nal video) affected recognition rates in a transfer testing condition. Contrary to conventional frame rate rLIles ot' thumb (e.:., 10-20 fps), once trained participants were exceptional at recognizing ASL geshwes even at rates as (C>W as 5 and 1 fps. Results are discussed as they conrri bate to computer mediated learning of sign langLlage and t'rcmle rate guicielines,


On the basis of Adaptive Genetic Algorithm(AGA) and Sequential Quadratic Programming(SQP),a hybrid generic algorithm is presented for parametric optimization of control strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV).The optimal model of parameters is formulated as a constrained nonlinear programming problem.The hybrid genetic algorithm not only proposes a new calculation formula of crossover and mutation probability,but also proposes a new AGA and SQP combinative mode.The study on case proves the validity of the parameters optimization and the efficiency of this hybrid genetic algorithm.


The purpose of the article is to study the national-and-cultural specificity and semantic features of Chinese, English, French and Russian idioms, which contain the lexeme wū / crow / ворона / corneille as a component. The comprehensive analysis of such idioms in different languages carried out in conformity with the anthropocentric paradigm, resulted in identification of significant signs of a crow, which served as the basis for metaphorization in these idioms. The universal metaphors are based on the phenotypic or behavioral characteristics of the bird (black color, flying straight ahead, flying in a flock and an unpleasant hoarse croaking). The metaphor "crow – an unpleasant cry" is noted to be the most productive in Russian and English, while in the Chinese language it is "crows – a flock". Nationally conditioned metaphors and their sources are differentiated: in Chinese and English such metaphors prevail over the universal ones, idioms, which contain the corneille component, arose only in the French language. The connotative potential of the units with ornithonyms that denote a crow is revealed. The asymmetry of evaluation implementation is established: French idioms express only negative connotation; in Russian, most idioms contain a negative connotation, while their minor share has a neutral one. Chinese and English demonstrate various evaluative potential, yet the negative connotation dominates in the idioms; the neutral and positive connotations are explicated in much fewer idioms.


An absorbent article having an ultimate fluid storage region and a fluid distribution region, positioned between the ultimate storage region and the garment oriented surface of the article, in fluid communication with the ultimate fluid storage region, the ultimate fluid storage region includes a material which has: (1) a Capillary Sorption Desorption Capacity at 100 cm (CSDC 100) of at least 10 g/g; (2) a Capillary Sorption Desorption Capacity at 0 cm (CSDC 0) higher than the CSDC 100; (3) a Loosely Bound Liquid Capacity (LBLC); and (4) a Capillary Sorption Desorption Release Height when 50% of the LBLC are released (CSDRH 50) less than 60 cm. Further, the liquid distribution layer material has a Capillary Sorption Absorption Height at 30% of its maximum capacity (CSAH 30) of at least 35 cm. Distribution material can be foam materials, particularly those derived from high internal phase water-in-oil emulsions.


The aim of this study is to reveal prospective teachers' thoughts and observations about school principals. In the study, the qualitative and quantitative research methods were used together. In quantitative research method, a questionnaire was developed and survey research was conducted with the help of this questionnaire. In the qualitative method, the study of the phenomenology was preferred in order to reveal the experiences and meanings related to the phenomena. The sample of the study consists of 60 senior students at Bayburt University Faculty of Education departments of Primary Education and Science Education. The "Questionnaire of Perceptions of Prospective Teachers About School Principals" developed by researcher was used in this study. In addition, other data collection tool was the observation reports that prospective teachers observe and then write a day of school principals. SPSS package program was used in analysis of the quantitative data. Content analysis was used in analysis of the qualitative data.  Perceptions of prospective teachers about school principals were found to be positive and the study showed that gender and department didn't affect the thoughts of prospective teachers.


This study is concerned with explaining why and how - under what practical condition and within what social arrangements - knowledge about society emerged as social science : a relatively autonomous domain of expertise with its own distinctive arrangement of working practices, institutional arrangements and technologies. Social Science, I argue, originated not as much with Marx and Weber in Germany, or Comte and Durkheim in France, as with the political institution of governmental investigations in Britain almost half a century before it obtained academic prestige within the disciplinary framework of the universities. Only after social science was well entrenched in the political field, through the work of governmental commissions, and its influence and effects were felt in the public sphere, through legislation and policy, did it migrate into the universities, where it was appropriated by academics in their associations. I suggest that there is much we can learn about the scientificity of social knowledge once we forgo the traditional ways in which the history of social science is told and look at political institutions, political practices and political circumstances as the driving force behind the emergence not only of social investigations but indeed of social science more in general. It was politics, its discourse, its mechanics of parliamentary and governmental work, its legislative practices and bureaucratic routines, its technologies of recording, compiling, archiving, presenting and transporting information, which provided the condition of possibility for the emergence of social science as a domain of expertise, not least by investing social knowledge with importance, authority and relevance, through the work of governmental social investigations. Social science, I argue, was developed as a creative response to the growing requirement of publicity in the exercise of political authority during the first half of the nineteenth century. I locate the origins of social science within a larger transformation in the organizational culture of the British parliament, which took place at this period, following the increasing publicity of parliamentary debates and proceedings in the national Press. This transformation conditioned specific patterns of investigation and publication that turned social knowledge into a domain of expertise, thus paving the way for the emergence of social science. The first step in this transformation was the disenchantment of politics. With the opening of parliament to the public gaze, politics became a domain an application for public reportage - a category of knowledge, that was understood to be worthwhile to observe and interpret, and which was constituted through the monitoring of parliamentary debates. Once politics was constructed as a field of application for the Press and identified with public reportage, contemporary political and social events inside and outside parliament became observational and 'experimental' and could now be legitimately monitored, accumulated, archived, combined into chronologies, and then served as a basis for interpretation and commentary. In the second step, the growing coverage of politics in the press, encouraged government officials to take control of the legislation process from parliament by establishing a new policymaking regime, based on empirical explorations of social problems outside parliament by especially assigned governmental commissions. Serving on these commissions, politicians effectively became social experts, turning their gaze onto the public, carefully inspecting and monitoring social problems in their localities, thus making social knowledge a legitimate domain of political expertise. With the growing use of governmental investigations, expert knowledge about society was effectively entrenched into the political field, transforming the organizational culture of parliament, its discourse and practices, from verbal economy of oratorical performance to the visual economy of writing public reports for policymaking purposes. In this new parliamentary regime, visual knowledge gained a cultural comparative advantage, an epistemic privilege, over verbal knowledge, not merely because of its physicality but, more importantly, because it fitted the new circumstances created by the growing power of the press and the formation of political-print-culture. An elective affinity was created between political reportage and social reportage. In the third and final step, government officials attempted to control and manage the variety and partisan and contradictory understandings of politics that were created by the Press and challenged the ability of government to elicit support for its policies inside and outside parliament. They did so by establishing various associations whose goal was to promote an official political discourse through immense public opinion campaigns, accompanied by a massive dissemination of governmental reports about social problems. In these campaigns, expert knowledge about society, produced by governmental investigations, was presented as scientific: useful, relevant, non-partisan, tangible and accessible to others. In this way, expert knowledge about society was grafted onto the practice and discourse of its public consumers, effectively becoming scientific.


In thd light of the great change of TV volume with channel shift, put up a method of optimum design of the audio circuit ,i.e. a audio AGC circuit has been added so that the volume of TV set could has little wave.


Treatment of water-soluble phosphanes PTA (1) and DAPTA (2) with an equimolecular amount of azides (RO)2P(=S)N3 (R = Et, Ph) leads to high-yield formation of the N-thiophosphorylated iminophosphorane derivatives 3b and 4a,b, respectively. The reaction of these new iminophosphorane ligands with [Cu(NCCH3)4][PF6] (in a 2:1 molar ratio) has been investigated. The resulting (iminophosphorane)copper(I) complexes 5b and 6a,b are efficient catalysts for the three-component cycloaddition reaction (organic halide, NaN3 and terminal alkynes) in aqueous media to afford regioselectively, under mild and aerobic conditions according to "click laws", 1,4-disubstituted triazoles with a broad substrate scope and functional compatibility. The unprecedented application of the analogous (iminophosphorane)copper(I) catalyst 5a to a one-pot three-component reaction with 1-iodoalkynes as an internal alkyne in aqueous medium is also reported. ESI-MS analysis of 5a in water and DFT theoretical calculations [B3LYP/6-31G(d)] have been carried out providing valuable insight into the actual active species responsible for catalytic activity in water.


OPKFDD (Ordered Pseudo-Kronecker Functional Decision Diagram) is one of ordered-DDs (Decision Diagrams) in which each node can take one of three decomposition types : Shannon, positive Davio and negative Davio decompositions. Whereas OBDD (Ordered Binary Decision Diagram) uses only the Shannon decomposition in each node, OPKFDD uses the three decompositions and generates representations of functions with smaller number of nodes than other DDs. However, this leads to the extreme difficulty of getting an optimal solution for the minimization of OPKFDD. Since an appropriate decomposition type has to be chosen for each node, the size of the representation is decided by the selection of the decomposition type. We propose a heuristic method to generate OPKFDD efficiently from the OBDD of the given function and the algorithm of the decision of decomposition type for a given variable ordering. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of the algorithm.


This paper expounds the excellent comprehensive performances of 0.3%Cu-Sn alloy trolley wire in terms of wear resistance and tensile strength,etc.,and gives guidance to the popularization and application of new-type trolley wire in our country.


Medieval society is rumoured to have been violent. Angry young men are supposed to have beaten and killed each other more frequently than in subsequent centuries. The tiny arms of the law apparently did not reach very far outside the crenellated walls of castles and fortresses. The possibility of dying from wounds inflicted by fist, sword, dagger, axe or some other weapon would have been far greater in the Middle Ages than during the early modern period. In fact, violence forms an intrinsic part of our standard preconception of the Middle Ages-it is one of those elements that contribute to the making of the image of the medieval past. We have grown accustomed to imagining the frightened shrieks of poor, defenceless women in villages or convents under attack, the clamour of evil warriors on battle-fields littered by corpses and reeking of human and equine flesh, and the public hanging, drawing and quartering of criminals that, in our society, would have got away with a fine or a mild prison sentence. Ghastly horror stories of semi-legendary brutes like Sawny Beane, the late medieval cannibal of Galloway, and Wad Tepeg, the Walachian impaler known as Dracula, hardly surprise us. As has been shown by anthropological studies of history, violence was also a very public feature of medieval life. Killings often took the form of public rituals, regardless of whether the killing was an official execution ordered by the government or an act of rebellion. Heads were put on stakes, bodies were quartered, and various parts of the corpses were sent to towns and villages for public viewing. The Dutch historian Pieter Spierenburg has described this attitude in terms offamiliarity with death-everybody believed in ghosts, and death as such (i.e., if it was a normal, expected, way to die) was looked upon in a less frightened way than is often the case today. The rulers used violence as a means of punishment in their attempts at manifesting their power over their subordinates. Ordinary people accepted it-violence was a natural part of their 1ives.l


The three systems described in this essay each target the most stringent security standards embodied in the A1 requirements as defined by the US Department of Defense " Trusted Computer Systems Evaluation Criteria " [DOD85], which is commonly called the Orange Book. While the initial designs of all these systems — and in some cases the implementations — predate the " Trusted Database Management System Interpretation of the Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria " [NCSC91] (commonly called the TDI), they all had the Orange Book as a guide to the fundamental requirements that must be satisfied by a secure system at the A1 level. Also, in some cases, work on these prototypes provided the basis for comments on the evolving TDI. In addition to their A1 target, these three systems share a similarity in that they were and are intended as research prototypes, not commercial products. This means that they are not held to the requirement of satisfying market conditions, but also that they may not have had the funding to include all of the capabilities that would be required of a commercial offering. Their intent was to push forward the frontier in the area of security, but not necessarily with all the " bells and whistles " of a complete product. This is not to detract from their contributions, which are many, but only to alert the reader to the fact that today's research prototype may lead tomorrow's commercial product by many years. All of the systems enforce both a mandatory and a discretionary policy. The basis for mandatory enforcement is the access class, which includes a hierarchical, linearly ordered component called levels (for example , Top Secret > Secret > Confidential > Unclassified), and a nonhierarchical component called categories, which is not ordered. The set of access classes is partially ordered and forms a lattice. In this lattice , access class A is said to dominate access class B if the hierarchical component of A is greater than or equal to the hierarchical component of B, and the set of categories associated with A is a superset of the set


Named entity recognition of gene names, protein names, cell-lines, and other biologically relevant concepts has received significant attention by the research community. In this work, we considered named entity recognition of experimental techniques in biomedical articles. In our system to mine gene and disease associations, each association is categorized by the techniques used to derive the association. Categories are used to weight or remove associations, such as removing associations derived from microarray experiments.

We report on a pilot study to identify experimental techniques. Three main activities are discussed: manual annotation, lexicon-based tagging, and document classification. Analysis of manual annotation suggests several interesting linguistic characteristics arise. Two lexicon-based tagging approaches demonstrate little agreement, suggesting sophisticated tagging algorithms may be necessary. Document classification using abstracts and titles is compared with full-text classification. In most cases, abstracts and titles show comparable performance to full-text.


We present an algorithm for constructing approximate solutions to nonlinear wave propagation problems in which diiractive eeects and nonlinear eeects come into play on the same time scale. The approximate solutions describe the propagation of short pulses. In a separate paper the equations used to construct the approximate solutions are derived using the method of multiple scales and the approximate solutions are proved accurate in the short wavelength limit. We present numerical studies which even in the linear case indicate signiicant qualitative diierences between these approximations and those derived using the slowly varying envelope ansatz.


The recently proposed mega-sub controlled structure (MSCS), a new type of structure associated with the design and construction of super-tall buildings, has attracted the attention of designers for use in enhancing the control effectiveness in mega-frame buildings. In this paper, a dynamic equation and method to assemble parameter matrixes for a mega-sub controlled structure under random wind loads is presented. Semi-active control using magnetorheological dampers for the MSCS under random wind loads is investigated, and is compared with a corresponding system without dampers. A parametric study of the relative stiffness ratio and relative mass ratio between the mega-frame and the substructures, as well as the additional column stiffness ratio that influences the response control effectiveness of the MSCS, is discussed. The studies reveal, for the first time, that different control mechanisms exist. The results indicate that the proposed structure employing semi-active control can offer an effective control mechanism. Guidelines for selecting parameters are provided based on the analytical study.


This report concerns the procedures used and results obtained in the development of an attitude scale to measure consumer discontent. Using consumer attitudes and the related consumerism literature as a point of departure, the writers define consumer discontent and develop a scale to measure the construct. The research results suggest that marketing and market-related constructs are potentially scalable properties that can meet rigorous reliability and validity criteria.


Multi-level implicit discourse relation recognition (MIDRR) aims at identifying hierarchical discourse relations among arguments. Previous methods achieve the promotion through fine-tuning PLMs. However, due to the data scarcity and the task gap, the pre-trained feature space cannot be accurately tuned to the task-specific space, which even aggravates the collapse of the vanilla space. Besides, the comprehension of hierarchical semantics for MIDRR makes the conversion much harder. In this paper, we propose a prompt-based Parameter-Efficient Multi-level IDRR (PEMI) framework to solve the above problems. First, we leverage parameter-efficient prompt tuning to drive the inputted arguments to match the pre-trained space and realize the approximation with few parameters. Furthermore, we propose a hierarchical label refining (HLR) method for the prompt verbalizer to deeply integrate hierarchical guidance into the prompt tuning. Finally, our model achieves comparable results on PDTB 2.0 and 3.0 using about 0.1% trainable parameters compared with baselines and the visualization demonstrates the effectiveness of our HLR method.


Low-temperature detector technologies provide extraordinary sensitivity for applications ranging from precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background to high-resolution, high-rate x-ray, and γ-ray spectroscopy. To utilize this sensitivity, new instruments are being built, and new instruments are imagined, with ever greater pixel counts, but the scale of these instruments is limited by the capability of the readout electronics. Microwave SQUID multiplexing addresses the needs of these future instruments, exploiting gigahertz of bandwidths of coaxial cables and broadband components to combine hundreds to thousands of signals on a single readout line. A key feature of any multiplexer is the level of crosstalk between input channels. This crosstalk can degrade the sensitivity of the instrument, introduce systematic error, or simply confound data analysis. In this letter, we explain the primary mechanisms of crosstalk in a microwave SQUID multiplexer, calculate and measure their magnitude, and consider their effect and methods of mitigation.Low-temperature detector technologies provide extraordinary sensitivity for applications ranging from precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background to high-resolution, high-rate x-ray, and γ-ray spectroscopy. To utilize this sensitivity, new instruments are being built, and new instruments are imagined, with ever greater pixel counts, but the scale of these instruments is limited by the capability of the readout electronics. Microwave SQUID multiplexing addresses the needs of these future instruments, exploiting gigahertz of bandwidths of coaxial cables and broadband components to combine hundreds to thousands of signals on a single readout line. A key feature of any multiplexer is the level of crosstalk between input channels. This crosstalk can degrade the sensitivity of the instrument, introduce systematic error, or simply confound data analysis. In this letter, we explain the primary mechanisms of crosstalk in a microwave SQUID multiplexer, calculate and measure their magnitude, and consid...


We report mean severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 serial intervals for Montana, USA, from 583 transmission pairs; infectors' symptom onset dates occurred during March 1–July 31, 2020. Our estimate was 5.68 (95% CI 5.27–6.08) days, SD 4.77 (95% CI 4.33–5.19) days. Subperiod estimates varied temporally by nonpharmaceutical intervention type and fluctuating incidence.


In the mutual EUREKA-project Trancelog Safety (E! 2635) partners of the three countries Poland, Ukraine and Germany made joint efforts to develop such a solution using geostationary INMARSAT satellites. It was successfully demonstrated on a travel of the PESA designed, new sleeping car (PKP), riding from Warsaw to Sewastopol and back, that at the control centre position and speed (by implemented GPS) and other sensor data were available and could be monitored on a digital map, displaying the railway lines and the actual course of the sleeping car.


Lyman-α absorption systems at z ∼ 3 with NH I≥ 3 × 1014 cm-2 have been found to be enriched with a mean metallicity of Z/ Z⊙∼ 10-2.5, and a large scatter in the metallicity. It is reasonable to assume that the process of initial enrichment of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at z ≥ 3 also produced dust grains. We explore the implications of the presence of dust grains in the IGM at high redshift, in particular, the contribution of photoelectric emission from grains by hard background photons to the net heating rate of the IGM. We show that (i) the charge on dust particles and the characteristics of photoemitted electrons differ substantially from those in the interstellar medium (ISM) in several respects: (a) grains are exposed to and charged by photons beyond the Lyman limit, and (b) because of this, the photoelectrons have typical energy of tens of eV. We also show that: (ii) silicates are more efficient heating agents than graphites; (iii) small grains contribute mostly to the net heating; (iv) at densities typical of the IGM at z ∼ 3 and for Ly α absorbers, dust heating can be comparable to or exceed photoionization heating within an order of magnitude; and (v) this increases the temperature of overdense regions, compared to the case of no dust heating, by a factor of ∼ 2. We discuss the implications of this extra heating source in Ly α absorbing systems.


Competing athletes in the sports arena for medals again and again makes look for ways to improve sportsmanship. The article reveals the specific approaches to solving this issue, taking into account individual psycho physiological characteristics and adaptation of organism to hard training loads during training of athletes in martial arts.


A pebbling move on a graph removes two pebbles at a vertex and adds
 one pebble at an adjacent vertex. A vertex is reachable
 from a pebble distribution if it is possible to move a pebble to
 that vertex using pebbling moves. The optimal pebbling number is
 the smallest number $m$ needed to guarantee a pebble distribution of
 $m$ pebbles from which any vertex is reachable. Czygrinow proved that
 the optimal pebbling number of a graph is at most $\frac{4n}{\delta+1}$, where $n$ is the number of the vertices and $\delta$ is
the minimum degree of the graph. We improve this result and show that the optimal pebbling number is at most $\frac{3.75n}{\delta+1}$.


The effect of dislocations introduced by plastic deformation (ND = 1 × 102 to 1 × 107 cm−2) on the nonequilibrium carrier recombination processes for different levels of their injection is studied. The charge-carrier lifetime (τ) is measured by means of conductivity modulation at a point contact (T = 300 K) in n-Si (ϱ = 150 Ω cm). With increasing ND, τ is shown either to increase (low-level injection) or to decrease (high-level injection), where this dependence is stronger in crystals with low content of technological impurities. An anomalously drastic decrease of τ with increasing injection level is observed in Si with higher dislocation density. The results obtained are explained taking into account the presence of the potential barrier near dislocations, the magnitude of which, as well as the volume of the dislocation space-charge region depend on NDand decrease with increasing injection level.

[Russian Text Ignored.]


Dr. Lee Kump (LK): What is really interesting about the history of atmospheric oxygenation is that there is this event or interval of change from an anoxic Archean atmosphere to an oxygenated post-Archean atmosphere (Holland, 1994). When we think about the causes of the rise of oxygen and we think about the Great Oxidation Event, it is really a fundamental change in the way the Earth system functioned. It is a new state; it is the oxygenated state that is distinct from the anoxic state, and it is nonreversible.


Polystyrene-g-polydimethylsiloxane copolymers were prepared by using the methacryloxypropyl-polysiloxane(PDMS-MA) macromonomer technique.The structures of graft copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy.The influence of molecular mass of PDMS-MA on copolymerization activity was investigated.Thermal properties of the graft copolymer were also studied.The reactivity of PDMS-MA decreased with increasing molecular mass. Meanwhile with increasing ratio of PDMS-MA to styrene, the copolymerization conversion of PDMS-MA decreased. The heat-resistance of PSt-g-PDMS was improved comparing to PSt alone.The improvement was greater when the molecular mass of PDMS-MA and its contents were increased.


-A new species of Colostethus from Colombia is described. This species is related to those Colostethus having males with Finger III expanded. The presence or absence of neopalatines is examined in 25 species of Colostethus, two Dendrobates, three Mannophryne, one Minyobates, and two Nephelobates. The absence of neopalatines is synapomorphic within the Dendrobatidae. The absence of neopalatines suggests that Colostethus (sensu lato) is paraphyletic with respect to the aposematic dendrobatids. RESUMEN.-Se describe una nueva especie de Colostethus de Colombia. Esta especie esta relacionada a aquellos Colostethus cuyos machos tienen el Dedo III expandido. La presencia o ausencia de neopalatinos se examina en 25 especies de Colostethus, dos Dendrobates, tres Mannophryne, uno Minyobates, y dos Nephelobates. La ausencia de neopalatinos es sinapomorfica dentro de los dendrobatidos. La ausencia de neopalatinos sugiere que Colostethus (sensu lato) es parafiletico con respecto a los dendrobatidos aposematicos. Searching for specimens of Colostethus subpunctatus at the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, I found an undescribed species cataloged under this name from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia. Specimens were first collected in 1913 by A. G. Ruthven, A. S. Pearse, and E M. Gaige as part of the Bryant Walker expedition to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; additional specimens were obtained in 1920 by Ruthven and Gaige. Ruthven and Gaige (1915) described the breeding habits and larval morphology of this Colostethus from Santa Marta. At that time, they considered it to be Colostethus subpunctatus because of its general resemblance to that species, although they had noticed that the Colostethus from Santa Marta was much smaller than C. subpunctatus. Later, Ruthven (1922) provided a detailed diagnosis of the Santa Marta specimens as C. subpunctatus. Based on the descriptions made by Ruthven and Gaige (1915) and Ruthven (1922), Dunn (1944) mentioned that the Colostethus from Santa Marta was not C. subpunctatus but did not comment further. Later, Stebbins and Hendrickson (1959:511) stated that Dunn had informed them that the specimens from Santa Marta were probably C. brunneus. Since Dunn (1944), the Colostethus from Santa Marta has not been considered to be a population of C. subpunctatus (Cochran and Goin, 1970 and Frost, 1985), but it still remains undescribed. Silverstone (1975) observed that neopalatines bones can be present or absent in Colostethus. Myers et al. (1991) suggested that the absence of neopalatines might be a synapomorphy within Colostethus. Herein I provide: (1) a description of the new species from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, (2) a review of the distribution of neopalatines in dendrobatids, and (3) a discussion of the implications of that character in the systematics the dendrobatids. MATERIALS AND METHODS The species description was based on old, but well preserved, specimens. Data for adult coloration, tadpole morphology, ecology, life history, and distribution were obtained from Ruthven and Gaige (1915) and Ruthven (1922). Measurements were taken with dial calipers using a dissecting microscope. Terminology for oral external morphology of larvae follows Altig (1970), and stripe patterns of adults follow Rivero ("1988" [1990]); flank patterns of the species having Finger III expanded was obtained from Rivero ("1988" [1990]). Neopalatines (terminology of Trueb, 1993) were examined in cleared and stained specimens prepared in the manner of Dingerkus and Uhler (1977). Specimens examined are listed in the Appendix. Acronyms for museums: ICN = Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogota, Colombia; UMMZ = University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Colostethus ruthveni sp. nov. Holotype.-UMMZ 54618, an adult female, from Quebrada Viernes Santo, in the mountains near Santa Marta, Departamento de Magdalena, This content downloaded from 22.214.171.124 on Mon, 01 Aug 2016 04:23:55 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms


This is the first of two chapters examining the relationship between authoritarianism and attitudes towards the EU. After explaining why existing utilitarian, cultural, and political explanations fail to explain fully the present structure of EU attitudes, the chapter presents the argument that the roots of this polarization over EU attitudes can be found in authoritarianism. The expanded institutional powers and membership of the EU pose a threat to national sovereignty and community. EU institutions have greater capacity to enforce policy upon member states, and the broader membership of the EU opens the borders of member states to a wider population. High authoritarians find these developments threatening and oppose the EU, while low authoritarians view the EU as increasing individual autonomy and social diversity. The analysis compiles data from the European Values Survey and national election studies from several countries. The results show that high authoritarians are less likely to support European integration, to trust the EU, or to support enlargement of the EU's membership. This relationship holds when measures of social identity are included in this analysis, due in part to the effect of authoritarianism on social identity attitudes. Furthermore, evidence from an original survey conducted in Germany shows that high authoritarians are more likely to believe that the EU threatens Germany's culture and laws.


Luxury fashion is a contradiction in terms and confusion reigns among those who have ever tried to ponder its meaning. Whereas "luxury" is often considered timeless, "fashion" is, by definition, ephemeral. When the consumer buys a luxury product like a watch or necklace, it is often worn for years to come even for the course of a lifetime, and beyond it can passed on to future generations. However, a fashion product is only ever used for a season and a "luxury fashion" product changes even faster than the rest of the fashion industry. A Chanel dress cannot be seen again once the season is over, and is certainly not worn for the course of a lifetime.


In this paper, we define a number of closely related isomorphisms. On one side of these isomorphisms sit a number of of algebras generalizing the Hecke and affine Hecke algebras, which we call the "Hecke family"; on the other, we find generalizations of KLR algebras in finite and affine type A, the "KLR family."
We show that these algebras have compatible isomorphisms generalizing those between Hecke and KLR algebras given by Brundan and Kleshchev. This allows us to organize a long list of algebras and categories into a single system, including (affine/cyclotomic) Hecke algebras, (affine/cyclotomic) $q$-Schur algebras, (weighted) KLR algebras, category $\mathcal{O}$ for $\mathfrak{gl}_N$ and for the Cherednik algebras for the groups $\mathbb{Z}/e\mathbb{Z}\wr S_m$, and give graded presentations of all of these objects.


The effects of a selective AlN wet etchant, AZ400K, on the morphology and chemical composition of capped and uncapped GaN surfaces were investigated. After etching an uncapped GaN thin film at 80 °C for 8 h, the surface morphology was unchanged. After an annealing pulse of 1500 °C was applied, AlN-encapsulated GaN surfaces exhibited morphology change due to surface rearrangement. No reaction occurred between the GaN and AlN, preventing the complete removal of AlN. AZ400K was found to completely etch AlN without damaging the underlying GaN film, thus enabling plasma-free processing of power and optoelectronic devices.


In order to understand the cardiovascular systematic function of some female university students of different specialities,this paper adopts the ways of quantity load experiment and analysing the students of the two specialities of physical education and nurse in grade 2000. The results show that the function index of the students who major in physical education are better than that of the students of the nurse,and there are not outstanding difference between the changes of their blood pressure. So the students who major non physical education should have more physical training so as to improve their body quality and ensure health.


In spite of using aseptic technics and variety of effective antibiotics, the problem of osteomyelitis hasn't been completly solved. The diagnosis and pathological, clinical and radiological findings of acute and chronic osteomyelitis are prensented in this articte including 30 cases who have been treated in our clinic during 1976-1978. Acute osetomyelitis is usually seen from 2 till 15 years of age and involves the metaphysis of long bones of the lower extremities. The main couse is staphylococcus aureus. Since resistance occurs in a short period of time. It is very important to use the antibiotics occording to the results of the sensitivity tests and in suitable dosage. In acute osteomyelitis, drain age is useful in deriving the particular bacteria ond preventing the spreading of the disease. Surgical treatment in chronic osetomyelitis should be preferred to the medical treatment. Especially, the complete curetage of infected areas and treatment with spongious autogenous grafts are considered as the preferred methods.


A first example of an aryltellurium(II) compound with three different bonding modes to iodine featuring covalent and non‐covalent bonds such as two orthogonal, ambiphilic s‐hole interactions is introduced: [MesTe(I)(I2)(I3)]‐. It is a member of a series of mesityltellurenyl anions, which are formed during reactions of (MesTe)2 with ZnI2, phenanthroline (phen) and iodine. [Zn(phen)3][MesTe(I)2] (1), [Zn(phen)3][{MesTe(I)‐(I)…Te(I)Mes}{MesTeI2}] (2) and [Zn(phen)3][MesTe(I)(I2)(I3)][MesTeI2] (3) are isolated depending on the amount of iodine used. The products contain tellurium atoms bonded to a variety of iodine species (I‒, µ2‐I‒, I2 and I3‒) and are, thus, perfectly suitable to explore the amphiphilic behaviour of tellurium(II) and its relevance for the formation of non‐covalent bonds, where tellurium acts as both donor and acceptor simultaneously. The character of chalcogen and halogen bonds are evaluated by the combination of crystallographic data and computational methods.


A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Business
in Administration in Banking and Finance, 2008