Purpose – This study aims to investigate and point out the variations of agency theory in the context of Shar (cid:1) ı ʿ ah governance in Islamic banking operations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Design/methodology/approach – The study followed the approach of quantitative Corporate Governance Index (CGI) by computing the Gov-index (Gompers et al ., 2003) and the Gov-score (Brown and Caylor, 2004; Saffieddine, 2009) to examine corporate governance (CG) issues using primary as well as secondary data. The primary data was generated from three full-fledged Islamic banks (IBs) and nine traditional banks with Islamic banking wings, all operating in the KSA. The approach was to provide an insight into the agency structure in the context of Islamic banking, which may lead to a trade-off between the conformity of Shar (cid:1) ı ʿ ah (Islamic law) rules and processes followed in safeguarding the rights of investors. Findings – The majority of the Islamic banking services that are surveyed in this study acknowledge the significance of Shar (cid:1) ı ʿ ah governance and have implemented the fundamental methods, in conformity with this system. Certain flaws in Shar (cid:1) ı ʿ ah governance principles pertaining to audit, control and transparency are reported. Practical implications – The research outcomes will be invaluable to IBs aiming to improve existing SG practices.ItalsohasimplicationsforIBmanagerstodesignstrategieswhilecomplyingwithregulationsandto protect the interests of all investors without breaching the ethics of Shar (cid:1) ı ʿ ah. Originality/value – This paper adds original value to the body of knowledge on agency relationship by analysing the dynamics of agency theory in the unique and complex context of Shar (cid:1) ı ʿ ah governance of IBs or those offeringIslamic products in the KSA. The resultscan be used as a valuablefeedback for improvement of Shar (cid:1) ı ʿ ah governance in the banking system in the KSA and the Gulf region at large.


Artistic life in the Rome of the late Cinquecento was affected by a gradual departure from the Renaissance idea of a master who set his personal example on the work of his assistants. The concept of an artist as the head of a large workshop, who determined everything related to its life and work, now increasingly merged into an idea of a collaboration of creative equals. Girolamo Muziano's interaction with his assistants was partly a continuation of the ideal examples of Roman workshops in the first half of the 16th cent. However, in this case, the type of interaction underwent an unexpected development, as the teacher began to use the graphic ideas of his students. This article examines the continuity and mutation of traditions and innovative creative methods in the workshop of Girolamo Muziano.


K2-138 is a moderately bright ( V = 12 . 2, K = 10 . 3) main sequence K-star observed in Campaign 12 of the NASA K2 mission. It hosts five small (1.6–3.3R ⊕ ) transiting planets in a compact architecture. The periods of the five planets are 2.35 d, 3.56 d, 5.40 d, 8.26 d, and 12.76 d, forming an unbroken chain of near 3:2 resonances. Although we do not detect the predicted 2–5 minute transit timing variations with the K2 timing precision, they may be observable by higher cadence observations with, for example, Spitzer or CHEOPS. The planets are amenable to mass measurement by precision radial velocity measurements, and therefore K2-138 could represent a new benchmark systems for comparing radial velocity and TTV masses. K2-138 is the first exoplanet discovery by citizen scientists participating in the Exoplanet Explorers project on the Zooniverse platform.


The invention belongs to the technical field of refrigeration and cold accumulation, and discloses an absorption-mechanical compression coupling refrigeration and cold accumulation system. The absorption-mechanical compression coupling refrigeration and cold accumulation system comprises an absorption bed, a desorbing valve, a cooler, a compressor, a condenser, a high-pressure liquid-storage tank, a throttling valve, a low-pressure liquid-storage tank, an evaporator and an absorbing valve. An absorption bed heat exchanger is arranged in the absorption bed; an absorbing agent is filled in the absorption bed; the outlet of the absorption bed is connected with the inlet of the desorbing valve; the outlet of the desorbing valve is connected with the inlet of the cooler; the outlet of the cooler is connected with the inlet of the compressor; the outlet of the compressor is connected with the inlet of the condenser; the outlet of the condenser is connected with the inlet of the high-pressure liquid-storage tank; the outlet of the high-pressure liquid-storage tank is connected with the inlet of the throttling valve; the outlet of the throttling valve is connected with an inlet of the low-pressure liquid-storage tank; the outlet of the low-pressure liquid-storage tan is connected with the inlet of the evaporator; the outlet of the evaporator is connected with the inlet of the absorbing valve; and the outlet of the absorbing valve is connected with the inlet of the absorbing bed. With the adoption of the absorption-mechanical compression coupling refrigeration and cold accumulation system, low-grade heat source can be utilized to realize cold accumulation without cold lass, so that the power consumption of the system and the operation cost are obviously reduced.


RESPECT THE INVENTION COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR HAIR RESTRUCTURING IT CONCERNS IN PARTICULAR A PROCESS WHICH INCLUDES:. EXPOSURE TO ACTION HAIR SOLUTION IN REDUCING CONTAINER LEAST ONE REDUCING AGENT CAPABLE OF CLIVER cYSTINE DURING A TIME FOR EXAMPLE OF ABOUT 5 TO ABOUT 20 MINUTES, AS YOU OBTAIN SIGNIFICANTLY MAXIMUM CLEAVAGE cYSTINE LINKS; A WIPE TO REMOVE HAIR REDUCING THE SOLUTION Reactive; CONTACTING THE HAIR WITH A SOLUTION OF PROTEIN FLOW DURING A TIME FOR EXAMPLE OF ABOUT 5 TO ABOUT 10 MINUTES, SUFFICIENT TO CAUSE PROTEIN IN FLOWING HAIR; PASSAGE AND HAIR NEW CONFIGURATION BEFORE APPLYING TO RESTORE OXIDIZING AGENT LINKS Cystine. SOLUTION FLOW IS PROTEIN WATER SOLUTION WITH PH APPROXIMATELY 2 TO AROUND 10 AND CONTAINING AT LEAST AN AGENT FLOW PROTEIN IS METAL ION VERSATILE HYDROXYORGANIQUE COMPOUND SOLUBLE UNTIL CONTAINER 'A APPROXIMATELY 4 CARBON ATOMS AND AT LEAST ONE hYDROXY GROUPS OR THEIR MIXTURES. APPLICATION FOR wAVING OR STRAIGHTENING HAIR.


A new W-band active load-pull system is presented. It is the first load-pull system to implement a 94 GHz load by means of an active loop exploiting frequency conversion techniques. The active loop configuration demonstrates a number of advantages that overcome the typical limitations of W-band passive tuners or conventional active open-loop techniques in a cost-effective way: load reflection coefficients ΓL as high as 0.95 in magnitude can be achieved at 94 GHz, thus providing a nearly full coverage of the Smith chart. Possible applications of the setup include technology assessment, large-signal device model verification at sub-terahertz frequencies, and W-band monolithic microwave integrated circuit design and characterization. The availability of direct and accurate load-pull measurements at W-band should prove an asset in the development of sub-terahertz integrated circuits. First measurements performed on high-performance InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors and GaN high electron-mobility transistors are presented.


How to deliver project success has become a prominent discourse in both academic and practitioner debates on project management. However, despite years of research, how to improve the likelihood of successfully delivering a project and the criteria for assessing project success still remain unresolved. This study reviews conceptual and empirical research papers on project success relating to project success factors (PSFs) and project success criteria (PSC) published in construction management journals with a view to investigate the link between them and the relative importance of PSFs and PSC. The findings show that the link between many PSFs and PSC remains unexplored with the link only being articulated from a conceptual perspective with less empirical evidence in support of such link. Although relative importance of PSFs and PSC can be analysed from previous studies, there is no evidence that the most important PSFs by mean ranking make a difference to project success in practice or influence PSC across different projects and different stakeholders. These issues present fertile avenue for future research as many project stakeholders continue to grapple with which areas to concentrate limited resources to improve the chance of delivering a successful project.


This study investigates the fracture path behaviour of diamond segments that have been brazed on a marble cutting disc. The segments are braze-joined using the oxy-gas welding technique. The micro-structure of the brazing zone and the disc were investigated using standard metallographic techniques and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, we used numerical modelling to study crack growth at the welding zone. Two dimensional linear elastic fracture mechanics principles were used to analyze propagation behaviour of the crack. Stress intensity factors were calculated using displacement correlation method. It was deduced from the SEM analysis of the fractured segment surface that the fracture occurred in the diamond segment due to stress concentration near the sharp corners of the diamond particles that are embedded into the matrix. The existence of such sharp artefacts within the matrix leads to the formation of cracks.


It is well-known that majority of smokers worldwide quit smoking without any assistance. This is even more evident among Chinese smokers. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore how Chinese Canadian immigrant men who smoked cigarettes perceived smoking cessation aids and services and how they used any form of the smoking cessation assistance to help them quit smoking. The study was conducted in British Columbia, Canada. Twenty-two Chinese immigrants were recruited by internet advertisement and through connections with local Chinese communities. Ten of the 22 participants were current smokers and the other 12 had quit smoking in the past 5 years. Data were collected using semistructured interviews. Although all participants, including both the ex-smokers and current smokers, had made more than one quit attempt, they rarely used cessation aids or services even after they had immigrated to Canada. The barriers to seeking the cessation assistance were grouped into two categories: practical barriers and cultural barriers. The practical barriers included "Lack of available information on smoking cessation assistance" and "Difficulty in accessing smoking cessation assistance," while cultural barriers included "Denial of physiological addiction to nicotine," "Mistrust in the effectiveness of smoking cessation assistance," "Tendency of self-reliance in solving problems," and "Concern of privacy revelation related to utilization of smoking cessation assistance." The findings revealed Chinese immigrants' unwillingness to use smoking cessation assistance as the result of vulnerability as immigrants and culturally cultivated masculinities of self-control and self-reliance.


In the context of ornamental art symbolization the article considers the horse harness (bit, psalia, bridle, breast-collar crupper, and other elements of horse equipment) as a sociocultural phenomenon expressing specifics of nomads' mentality by means of the art of decoration. The research understands the archaic arts and crafts as a system of symbols. It is shown that the zoomorphic ornament in archaic arts and crafts is used as a symbol of recurrence of life, fertility, wealth, power and freedom.


In order to further study dynamic characteristics of tower-line system,and to complete the influence rule of related parameters affecting iced conductors and towers,we simulated and calculated typical lines by applying a dynamic program of three degrees of freedom multiple span combination simulating actual lines.Through the control variable method,the span combination law for the unbalanced tension of the tower-line system was obtained,and effect of the existing phase-to-phase spacers' installation strategy on the conductors of the adjacent span was discussed.Several conclusions can be drawn according to the simulation results: when wind deviation happens,the unbalanced tension increases faster and faster with the span increasing;when ice-shedding happens,the unbalanced tension increases with the span increasing,but the changes in unbalanced tension of shedding span and un-shedding span are different;when galloping happens,the unbalanced tension increases with the span increasing,but the waveforms of unbalanced tension between galloped span and un-galloped span are different.Moreover,it is concluded that applying the existing phase-to-phase spacers' installation strategy,the phase-to-phase spacer installation has little effect on the mechanics of its neighboring span,but it reduces the galloping amplitude while barely increasing the mechanical burden of tower-line systems.


Medicare Market Basket Definitions and General Information 1. What is a Market Basket (MB)? The market basket is described as a fixed weight index because it answers the question of how much more or less it would cost, at a


Passport provides statistics, analysis, surveys, and news on a global scale for consumers, products, industries, and economies. It is produced by Euromonitor International, which has been publishing market research since 1972. Passport has gone through several name and interface changes since its launch. The database has also continued to add to their content, in the base subscription and via modules available for an additional fee. This review will be about the base database subscription without any of the add-on modules.


The rapid development of the city forced the old city to implement the transformation of the old city, the suburbs were forced to land demolition, the passive resettlement of residents has become the focus of work arrangements, which passive relocation of the residents of the community building is the basic guarantee for residents' lives. The investigation was conducted on five passive resettlement communities in Nanchang, and the fuzzy evaluation method was used to evaluate the satisfaction of the passive resettlement community. The results show that there are differences in community satisfaction from the perspectives of the individual and community situation, and the difference is related, The degree of the difference is negatively correlated with the satisfaction degree of the passive resettlement community.


Spatial fluctuations of the potential are inherent in hopping transport. The effect is considered of the stochastic dependence between the potentials of hopping sites, specifically the case when the correlation length of the potential is considerably longer than the hopping distance. The percolation approach is used. The behavior is found to depend on certain characteristics of the equipotential surface at the Fermi energy. If this surface is non-connected, an activated conductivity is expected. If the surface consists of parts connected through narrow channels, a T−l/2 dependence is predicted. For stronger connectivity, a T−1/3 dependence is deduced. The T−1/4 dependence, characteristic of hopping in the absence of spatial correlation, is not expected to occur.


The global optimization algorithm is the ideal approach to solve the typical complex nonlinear function optimization problem such as engineering inversion analysis. With the efficient ABAQUS kernel solver, the finite element inversion model is established based on quantum genetic algorithm, then use MATLAB programming to realize ABAQUS interface command and establish fitness function with inversion calculation value and measured value of the typical measuring point , thus realizing inversion analysis of physical and mechanical engineering parameters through the intelligent optimization function, which solves the phenomenon of the poor iterations number or convergence speed and being prone to local extremum caused by the improper selection, crossover or mutation operation of traditional genetic algorithm. A sluice foundation mechanical parameters inversion calculation is taken as an example and the inversion results are compared with the traditional GA method, thus illustrating accuracy of this method.


In the standard total laryngectomy operation for laryngeal cancer the whole larynx is removed so that the patient is left with a permanent tracheostoma. Although many patients later attain satisfactory cesophageal voice, some do not and the operation results in a significant physical handicap. The aim of conservation surgery is to excise only part of the larynx so that normal laryngeal function is preserved and a tracheostoma avoided. The two principle conservation operations are supraglottic partial laryngectomy, for supraglottic tumours, and vertical hemilaryngectomy, for glottic tumours. In supraglottic partial laryngectomy all laryngeal tissues above the level of the vocal cords are removed this comprises the false cords, the aryepiglottic folds, the epiglottis, the preepiglottic space, the upper parts of the thyroid laminr and the hyoid bone. In vertical hemilaryngectomy the vocal cord, the arytenoid cartilage, the false cord and the adjacent thyroid cartilage are removed from one side of the larynx. Various extensions of these basic procedures have been described, but in spite of this the procedures


3 The Promise and Legal Perils of the Information Government .... 106 3.1 Improved Productivity 106 3.2 Productivity Improvement and Administrative Burden in Tax Matters 108 3.3 Productivity Improvements and Legal Changes 110 3.4 Enlightened Governance and Effective Informational Rights ..... 111 3.5 The Effectiveness of Societal Policies and Improved Legal Certainty 115


Current field data collection methods for many of today's scientific and other observer/monitor type applications are still entrenched in the "clipboard age", requiring manual data transcription to a database management system at some (often much) later date, and only allows for visualisation and analysis of recently captured field data "back in the lab". This chapter is targeted at progressing today's pen & paper methodology into the spatially enabled mobile computing age of realtime multi-media data input, integration, visualisation, and analysis simultaneously both in the field and the lab. The system described is customized to the specific needs of the Canadian Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Fish Habitat Management Group requirements for fish species at risk assessment, but is ready for adaptation to other environmental agency applications (e.g. forestry, health-pesticide monitoring, agriculture, etc.). The chapter is ideally suited to all agencies responsible for collecting field data of any type that have not yet moved to a state-of-the-art mobile and wireless data collection, visualisation, and analysis work methodology.


In order to determine the efficiency of a production system, batch size and throughput are two important parameters that must be considered. In order to ensure system efficiencies and meet optimum utilization, batch size must conform to the throughput. The use of Queuing Network Theory to study the effect of batch size and throughput in optimizing the resource utilization, particularly machine resources, in a manufacturing system is discussed in this paper. A manufacturing company industry dealing with assembling operations in its production lines was chosen for this study. The findings of the study concluded that increasing batch size and throughput increases the utilization. When the capacity is not enough to meet the demand requirement, bottlenecks will occur.


The eroded red soil distributed in subtropical area has poor soil fertility. In order to find the changes in soil biological properties by vegetations recovery in eroded red soil, samples from two trial sites were collected. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) after 17 years growing of Schima superba and Chinese fir increased apparently, MBC(0~0.2m) were respectively enhanced 11.94,8.85 folds for Schima superbaand Chinese fir compared with control (no vegetation), and the corresponding MBN(0~0.2 m) were enhanced 7.53,4.34 folds. After 9 years growing of rye,Chinese fir and Citrus changshan(huyou), soil MBC(0~0.2 m) increased 2.3~2.7 folds compared with control, and corresponding MBN(0~0.2 m) increased 0.7~1.4 folds. The ratio of MBC and MBN of Schima superba and rye (7.03 and 7.24)were relatively lower than Chinese fir (8.55 for 17years and 8.68 for 9 years).


Introduction: Mood disorders such as depression are the most common psychological disorders in postpartum period and stressful life events that occur during pregnancy and may increase near to delivery.  These events have potentiality of changes of lifestyle and associated with physical and psychological diseases. Many studies such as those of Holmes and Rahe showed that there is a relationship between frequency and intensity of these events and the probability of occurring of disorder. This study aimed to assess prevalence of postpartum depression and its relationship with stressful life events. Materials & Methods : 975 women who referred to Kermanshah Health Centers in 2006 were recruited. The data were collected using validated questionnairs of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ( EPDS) and Social Readjustment Rating Scale(SRRS). Descriptive statistics, , Fisher , s exact tests and logistic regression analysis were used to analayze the data. Results : Prevalence of postpartum depression was 17.5% among the studied subjects. The results also showed that stressful life events such as   number of arguments with spouse (p > 0.001), in-laws problems (p=0.001), envoving in an academic education (p=0.015), changeing the accommodation (p=0.017), divorce (p=0.026), foreclosure of mortgage (p=0.037) and change in sleeping habits (p=0.049) showed higher relationship with postpartum depression. A significant relationship between the intensity of events and postpartum depression was also found. ( p<0.001) Conclusion : High prevalence of postpartum depression and its relationship with stressful life events suggested that more attention should be paid to mental health of pregnant women. We recommend that increasing educational and social supporting programs need to be considered for decreasing depression and stress in pregnancy and postpartum periods.


To overcome the disadvantages of food source updating and the mechanism for onlooker bees to select food source in the Artificial Bee Colony(ABC) algorithm,an ABC algorithm based on tracking search and immune selection is proposed.The search methods for tracking the global optimal solution and randomly selecting solution are introduced on the basis of the original solution searching method.The searched optimal solution is selected as the candidate in order to accelerate the convergence of the population and improve the convergence of the algorithm.For the procedure of the onlooker bees selecting the food source,the regulation mechanism of antibody density in the immune system is introduced to keep the diversity of the population and enhance the global search ability of the traditional algorithm.The simulation results for 6 classical benchmark functions show that the improved algorithm has obvious advantages in the optimization accuracy and convergence rate compared with the original ABC,GABC,RABC and TABC.


Intact isolated nuclei and nucleoli from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum incorporated inorganic [32P]phosphate into the phenol-soluble acidic nuclear proteins when incubated for 1 h in a phosphorylation mixture consisting of [32P]phosphate (pH 6.8), glucose, Mg2+, and ATP. The polyamines spermidine and spermine, or equimolar combinations of these compounds with putrescine, at 1 mM total amine concentration, stimulated phosphorylation of these nuclear proteins compared to control experiments lacking these compounds. The magnitude of enhanced phosphorylation ranged from 6-fold to 30-fold depending on the combination of polyamines employed and the given nuclear preparation. Magnesium ion could not substitute for the polyamines in effecting this stimulation. Fractionation of the phosphorylated proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulfate revealed that different polypeptides among them were phosphorylated by nuclei in the presence, versus the absence, of the polyamines. In the presence of all three polyamines, each at 0.33 mM, enhanced phosphorylation was primarily due to [32P]-phosphate incorporation into four major nuclear proteins. These proteins had molecular weights of 14000, 27000, 52000, and 70000, respectively. In the absence of the polyamines, three major proteins were phosphorylated with molecular weights of 17500, 21200, and 25000, respectively. The polypeptides of 52000 and 70000 molecular weight were also selectively phosphorylated in, and isolated from, intact nucleoli after incubation in phosphorylation mixtures supplemented with 1 mM total polyamines. The [32P]phospho-protein linkage of the 32P-containing substances in polyacrylamide gels was established by the capacity of pronase to eliminate these protein bands and by their insensitivity to nuclease digestion. Polyamine stimulation of the phosphorylation of these nuclear proteins was unaltered by 2-propynylamine, an irreversible inhibitor of amine oxidase. Moreover, H2O2 did not stimulate phosphorylation of these proteins by intact nuclei in which amine oxidase was inhibited by 2-propynylamine.


The problem of probabilistic modeling and inference, at a high-level, can be viewed as constructing a (model, query, inference) tuple, where an inference algorithm implements a query on a model. Notably, the derivation of inference algorithms can be a difficult and error-prone task. Hence, researchers have explored how ideas from probabilistic programming can be applied. In the context of constructing these tuples, probabilistic programming can be seen as taking a language-based approach to probabilistic modeling and inference. For instance, by using (1) appropriate languages for expressing models and queries and (2) devising inference techniques that operate on encodings of models (and queries) as program expressions, the task of inference can be automated. In this paper, we describe a compiler that transforms a probabilistic model written in a restricted modeling language and a query for posterior samples given observed data into a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) inference algorithm that implements the query. The compiler uses a sequence of intermediate languages (ILs) that guide it in gradually and successively refining a declarative specification of a probabilistic model and the query into an executable MCMC inference algorithm. The compilation strategy produces composable MCMC algorithms for execution on a CPU or GPU.


In view of the problem that the gray projection algorithm can not deal with low contrast ratio image sequences accurately,this paper presents an Electronic Image Stabilization(EIS) algorithm based on gradient projection method.It can utilize the distribution of the image gradient to estimate motion according to the advantage of gradient feature changes violently intra-frame and changes steadily inter-frame.Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm can effectively improve the motion estimated accuracy under low-light level image sequence.


The article presents the results of a comparative project about the re-construction of acts of violence against women and children in Canadian and Romanian newspapers. The data showed both the similarities and the differences between Eastern European and Western American images of women. The data stressed that although violence against women and children is a world-wide social phenomena, its media "coverage" was strongly dependent on the peculiarities of the society in which it has occurred, and has a national character. A common trend of the journalistic texts was recorded at a trans-national level: to (implicitly) disseminate stereotypes related to the women's first degree and socially- accepted positions of helpless victims of violent acts.


Usually, two possible mechanisms for this effect are considered. The first is the emergence and development of atmospheric turbulence, this may be accompanied by the generation of wave structures of the acoustic or acoustic-gravitational type. At the same time, turbulent movements lead to the generation of the changes in the electric field. Thus, a system of longitudinal currents is excited, and they can also carry a disturbance in the upper ionosphere.


Abstract- This study considers a single-machine scheduling problem where the objective is to maximize total profit (Pr max ). The problem is identified as 1 ││ Pr max . Aim of this study is to develop a profit based scheduling model using agent-based architecture in order to increase profitability of a single machine manufacturing systems. All objective functions in the literature are based on manufacturing cost, this study shows a new profit based approach to solve single machine scheduling problems. Model is simulated on the hypothetical data and simulation results show that performance of the proposed model is highly acceptable.


Exploding form of extinguishing devices, is disclosed for use in indoor or local outdoor large fire, its explosive force is minimized by the low mass of the structure material of low density. The present invention is an improvement of U.S. Patent No. 6,796,382 by the same inventor, has been advanced as fireworks ignition device mutes the previous invention, the dispersion of the omnidirectional fire agent is improved . Ball outside, has a wear-resistant, and lightweight casing made of hard plastic foam or other suitable frangible material, a thin plastic, consisting of an external coating material for protection. The inner cavity of the apparatus, is arranged ignition device with low output fireworks described above, it is actuated by a fuse cord which is fixed in the outer surface or the vicinity thereof. Internal in the hollow casing, fire chemical agent is filled.


— In this article we construct a non commutative polynomial which is an invariant of Brunnian links with p components. With thé help of this polynomial we compute, on one hand, Milnor's invariant u(l ... p} and, on thé other hand, Massey product associated to thé link. Moreover we give a geometrical algorithm to describe a Massey System for a Brunnian link.


A novel ruthenium complex has been synthesized. It is composed of three bipyridyl ligands, one of which is modified and has two hydroxamate groups. Photoexcitation of the complex with blue light (λmax = 477 nm) leads to the formation of a long-lived nitroxyl radical on hydroxamate as was detected and characterized by ESR. In anaerobic conditions, the radical was not formed, suggesting that a reactive oxygen species is required for generating the nitroxyl radical. The quenching of the excited state of ruthenium bipyridyl complexes by molecular oxygen can generate either singlet oxygen via energy transfer or superoxide radical via electron transfer. In this latter case the superoxide radical is confined in a cage complex (vide infra). Singlet oxygen, generated via energy transfer from Ru(II) in its excited state, is the reactive species that is responsible for the oxidation of the hydroxamate group to its corresponding nitroxyl radical. This was confirmed by using a specific quencher (sodium azide) and by f...


Public Law 96-272, the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act, ushered in a new era in child welfare. Home-based programs designed to prevent out-of-home placement of children expanded rapidly. Today, many agencies struggle to hire and maintain staff who are well trained in the knowledge, values, and skills of family preservation practice. This paper describes a unique and innovative graduate curriculum for educating master level social workers in intensive family preservation practice. It includes a description of the curriculum design, student recruitment activities, and the unique university/agency partnership.


Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is a rare hereditary autosomal recessive disease characterized by deficiency of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase. Clinical picture encompasses prenatal and postnatal growth abnormalities and multisystemic structural malformations. To date, predisposition for tumor development is not considered a feature associated with this syndrome. Here, we describe a 16-year-old boy with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome who developed cerebral germinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of association of this syndrome with malignant intracranial germ-cell tumor.


The thesis is directed to the synthesis of the pigments based on cerium oxide and containing other lanthanides, i.e. type of pigments Ce\dindex{0.9}Tb\dindex{0.05}Ln\dindex{0.05}O\dindex{1.975}, where Ln = La, Nd, Y, Sm, Gd, Er, Eu, Dy, Ho, Yb, Lu and Tm. The influence of the increasing amount of Y and increasing content of Tb was also studied according to firing temperature.


A b s t r a c t : A tracer based flow-log technique suitable for very low flow velocities (down to 5·10 m/s in the drilling) which surpass the sensitivity of conventional flowmeters has been developed and tested in the pilot borehole of the KTB / Germany (KTB-VB). The movement of a pronounced salinity gradient is monitored during a non steady-state low pressure injection using resistivity measurements. This enables the identification of discrete fractures as well as zones of porous permeability and a quantification of their hydraulic properties. The results were verified qualitatively by an independent fluid logging test. The experimental technique and the data processing including depth correction, flow rate determination and derivation of a permeability profile are described. Furthermore, the findings for the open hole of the KTB-VB (3850 – 4000 m) which penetrates the Franconian lineament, an important fault zone of the continental crystalline crust, are presented.


A curious myopia characterizes recent research on the value of children and its relation to fertility levels and trends in rural areas of developing countries. By this I mean that disproportionate theoretical and empirical attention is devoted to the costs and benefits of children to parents while the children are young. The underlying presumption is that positive discount rates pertain (giving greater weight to near-term costs and benefits than to more distant streams). Attention is directed to the time and commodity costs of child care and the labor contributions of young children to their parents' household. Change in these parameters dominates scholarly perceptions of change in the demand for children over the course of economic development. This myopia is evident in the recent National Academy of Sciences report on the determinants of fertility in developing countries. ' Consider, for example, the following passage from the summary chapter on demand for children by Lee and Bulatao:


Abstract In this paper, an improved algorithm for actuator-fault detection and isolation (FDI) using a bank of interval observers is presented, where each interval observer matches one considered system mode. In this approach, interval observers and invariant sets are simultaneously used for FDI. Under a collection of improved FDI conditions, this new algorithm can detect and isolate the considered actuator faults. At the end of this paper, a circuit example is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.


OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the effect of age, sex and onset symptoms on the risk of the second clinical attack in a cohort of pediatric patients with a clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of MS (pCIS).
BACKGROUND: Pediatric onset occurs in 5-10[percnt] of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. Due to its rare incidence limited epidemiological data are available.
METHODS: Demographic and clinical data of a cohort of patients with pCIS and onset 12) (chi-square test). RESULTS: a total of 1357 of pCIS patients with onset before 15 years was extracted. A shorter time to a second clinical attack was found in female pCIS (male vs female: HR= 0.82; p 12 years (HR = 1.32; 95[percnt] CI: 1.13-1.54; p=0.0006). Brainstem onset was found to be more frequent in pCIS with an age at onset 12 years (35.93 vs 26.43[percnt]; p=0.0019).
CONCLUSIONS: the results indicate that the most significant factors influencing the time to reach a clinically definite MS diagnosis in pCIS are the female sex and an age at onset > 12 years. Moreover the results confirm that brainstem symptoms at onset are more frequent in children than in adolescents. Disclosure: Dr. Iaffaldano has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lucisano has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ghezzi has received personal compensation for activities with Merck Serono, Novartis, Biogen Idec, Teva, Bayer Schering, Sanofi-Genzyme, Serono, and Almirall as an advisory board member and/or speaker. Dr. Comi has received personal compensation for activities with Teva, Novartis, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Biogen Idec, Bayer, Actelion Pharmaceuticals, Almirall, and Serono. Dr. Brescia Morra has nothing to disclose. Dr. Patti has received personal compensations for activities with Merck Serono, Bayer Schering Pharma, and Dompe Biotec. Dr. Lugaresi has received personal compensation for activities with Bayer Schering, Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Genzyme, Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, and Teva Neuroscience. Dr. Pozzilli has received personal compensation for activities with Actelion, Biogen Idec, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis, and Teva Neuroscience as a consultant. Dr. Amato has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Merck, Serono, Inc., Bayer, Novartis, Teva Neuroscience, Sanofi-Aventis, Genzyme, and Almirall as a speaker and/or advisor. Dr. Amato has received research support from Biogen I Dr. Butzkueven has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis, Merck Serono, and Biogen Idec as a consultant and/or advisor. Dr. Alroughani has received personal compensation for activities with Bayer, Biologix, GlaxoSmithKline, Inc., Merck-Sorono, Novartis, as an advisor and/or speaker. Dr. Shaygannejad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sajedi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Izquierdo has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Merck & Co. Inc., Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corp., Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Teva Neuroscience, and Novartis. Dr. Salemi has received research support from Merck Serono, Biogen Idec, Teva Neuroscience, Novartis, Bayer, and Sanofi-Aventis. Dr. Millefiorini has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lus has nothing to disclose. Dr. Simone has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lepore has nothing to disclose. Dr. Trojano has received personal compensation for activities with Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Biogen Idec, Novartis and Bayer Schering Pharma as a consultant and/or speaker. Dr. Italian iMedWeb Registry has nothing to disclose. Dr. MSBase Investigators has nothing to disclose.


This paper shows that every pair of positive integers is realizable as independent domination number and 1-movable independent domination number and realizable as doubly connected domination number and 1-movable doubly connected domination number. AMS subject classification: 05C69.


Studies of the genetics of asthniLi and atopy are bedevilled by the failure of independent groups to replicate posilive findings of linkage or association. Part of this failure undoubtedly stems from the fact that there is unlikely lo be a simple correspondence between genotype and phenotype. Different genotypes may result in an identical phenotype. and. conversely, different phenotypes may be produced by the same genotype. Environmental factors are also crucial for the expression of the phenotype. thus hampering genetic mapping even further. However, ihe failure to reproduce positive findings may also be attributed to the different methodologies employed by different groups at all stages in the endeavour, from sample collection and definition of phenotype through to statistical analysis. Despite these problems, several regions of interest on the human genome have emerged in the last five years, namely the i3 chain of ihe high affinity IgE receptor on chromosome i lq l3 [14] , T-cell receptor (TCR) n on chromosome 14 [5], the HLA complex on chromosome fip [6] and the cytokine cluster together with the /̂ 2 adrenoceptor on chromosome 5q. In this review, we shall concentrate on Ihe studies focusing on chromosome 5q. When searching for the genes responsible for complex disease, there are two basic strategies that can be adopted. Wilh recent advances in lechnology, including ihe development of semi-automated fluorescence-based gene scanning, it is now possible to screen the entire genome using highly polymorphic DNA markers spaced at intervals across each chromosome. Positive findings of linkage or association can then be followed up by a more intensive search of the region. An alternative strategy involves focusing on a region known to contain candidate loci which relies on a knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease in question. Recently acquired knowledge of ihe importance of the cytokine network in the palhogenesis of aslhma has led lo the initial interest in chromosome 5q 31q-q33, a region rich in genes that are implicated in the inflammation associated with asthma. A cluster of cytokines, interteukins (IL)-3, -4, -5, -9, -13 and the /̂ chain of IL-12 are tightly hnked and map to this region [7-11]. InterIeukin-4 is crucial for the development and functioning of THT cells, including their abihty to express IL-5, the cytokine largely responsible for eosinophilia in allergic disorders 112]. lnlerleukin-9 enhances IL-4-depcndent synthesis of immunoglobulin E (IgE). and IL-1-3 regulates the expression of CD23, an IgE surface-antigen-binding factor 9 [13.14]. lnlerleukin-12 is a powerful inducfer of interferon-gamma (IFN-)) production with its capacity to downregulate THT cytokine expression and isolype switching of B cells to IgE production [15]. Marsh cf af. have looked for linkage between total serum IgE and mulli-allergen IgE antibody and several polymorphic genetic markers in and around chromosome 5q3l.l-q33. wilh a primary focus on markers mapping within the iL-4 gene itself and in or close to the IL-4 cluster. The analysis centred on 170 subjects from 11 large while Amish families who were selected on the basis of detectable serum IgE lo common inhalant allergens in at least one child [16]. Using the sib-pair method of analysing ihe data, they reported signilicant evidence for linkage for IL4-Ri, iRFI, IL-9, D5S393 and D5S399 located in 5q3l.l wilh Ihc total serum IgE. The probability value for IL4-R1 was 0.0069, and with adjuslmenl for mulli-allergen IgE antibody this improved slightly to 0.0023. None of the markers showed evidence for linkage with specific IgE antibody responses. Subsequent exclusion of all sibs who had detectable IgE antibody by ihe muiti-allergen test and analysis of only "non-atopic' individuals strengthened the evidence for linkage with total IgE. the probability value for 1L4-R1 improving further to 0.000004. Marsh et al. employed complex segregation analysis lo describe ihe distribution of total IgE among the 170 Amish family members and found significant evidence for tbe genetic determinalion of total IgE with a dominant 'high' IgE model being slightly favoured over ihe dominant Mow' model. When both of these tnodels were used to derive lod scores, the data were consistent with linkage to the 5q31.! markers in each case, with the maximum lod scores being in the range of 1.5-2.0. These workers interpret their findings as demonstrating a likely role for lL-4 or neighbouring gene in determining serutn total IgE production. Further evidence for the potential importance of the cytokine cluster on chromosome 5q has been provided by the study of Meyers et al. [17]. Significant evidence for linkage between the genetic marker D5S436 and serum total IgE was demonstrated using sib-pair analysis in a homogeneous population from ihe Netherlands of 84 families ascertained by a proband with 'typical' asthma. Using a recessive model for inheritance of sertim total IgE. the highest lod score (3.56) was obtained with the genetic marker D5S436 with 9% recombination. These findings are summarized in Fig. I. Further analysis on


In this article, a kind of new standard is introduced, which is evaluation and expression of uncertainty in measurement, including its basic concept , specialty application and the difference to error.


A gesture from hands and fingers have rich meanings in communication even without a word of sound. It would be very useful if a computer can understand a hand gesture. Hence, we can use a hand gesture to communicate with a robot and perform certain activities. This study focuses on tracking the position of each fingertip and palm to make a computer knows the gesture of a hand. The proposed solution was initially implemented using a MS Kinect camera while capturing a depth image of a human hand. Then, we applied some image processing algorithms to track the positions of fingertips. Finally, the result was visualized in a real-time 3D hand model based on the movements/signs given by a human hand. The experiment results indicate that the proposed approach can literally track the positions of a fingertip.


Using of algorithmic procedures artifi cial intelligence technology and a fundamental direction "tribology based on
self-organization" a promising method for burnishing hole tool with regular microgeometry of the acting surfaces has
been synthesized in terms of innovative use of modern lubricants implementing a scientifi c discovery The effect of wearfree
friction of Garkunov—Kragelsky. A mathematical model has been developed to analyze forces burnishing hollow
cylindrical workpiece regular microrelief of the surface of the hole.


Drama therapy is most distinct among other forms of psychotherapy in that it proceeds through role. That is, both client and therapist take-on and play out roles in order to help the client discover and/or recover the most functional role system. A number of approaches have been devised that guide the treatment process in drama therapy. One, the developmental approach (see Johnson, 1982, 1991), is based primarily in an object relations model and views the work as proceeding from lesser to higher order competencies as expressed through sound, movement, and verbalisation. Another approach is that of storytelling and storymaking (see Gersie, 1990 and 1991) which is based in a narrative model and helps clients make sense of their lives through identifying with the themes and structures of classical and personal stories. A third approach, stemming from a social anthropological model (see Jennings, 1991), examines the ritual and cultural aspects of everyday life and helps clients reexamine their belief systems through metaphorical and symbolic means. Most other approaches tend to be derivative of psychoanalytical play therapy (see Irwin, 1983) or various forms of improvised drama (see Emunah, 1985) and performed theatre (see Jennings, 1990). Those who practice dramatic play therapy adapt the classical approaches of Melanie Klein (1932), Margaret Lowenfeld (1979), and Virginia Axline (l947), among others, to the needs of particular clients. Those who practice improvisational or theatrical forms base their work in an aesthetic model, adapting their dramatic methods to meet psychotherapeutic goals. The role method in drama therapy admits the value of all the above approaches, but attempts to further systematize what it views as the primary component of healing through the art form of drama that of a role. The healing potential of role is to be found as it positions the role-taker or roleplayer within the dramatic paradox of 'me' and 'not-me'. The therapeutic actor, like the theatrical actor, is given permission to move in and out of two contiguous realities, that of the imagination, the source of unconscious imagery, and that of the everyday, the domain of grounded daily existence. While in this transitional space (see Winnicott, 1971), one is capable of both viewing a problematic issue and working it through. The following method evolved inductively, through many years of clinical work with clients and experimentation with training groups of graduate students and professionals. It further developed as I contemplated the dramatic connection, conceiving of theatre as a repository of repeated role types, functions, and styles. I referred to the role method in an earlier article in the 'Journal of the British Association for Dramatherapists' (1991). I would now like to expand upon the method and provide a portion of a case study to illustrate how it works clinically. As a means of treatment, it involves eight steps: 1. Invoking the role. 2. Naming the role. 3. Playing outlworking through of the role. 4. Exploring alternative qualities and sub-roles. 5. Reflecting upon the role-play: discovering role qualities, functions, and styles inherent in the role. 6. Relating the fictional role to everyday life. 7. Integrating roles to create a functional role system. 8. Social modelling: discovering ways that the clients' behaviour in role affects others in their social environments.


Current Generative Design (GD) tools require installation and regular updates. On top of that, programs that are created using them are stored as files, which have to be moved and shared manually with others. On the other hand, web applications are accessible using just a web browser and they can also store information remotely, meaning that it does not need to be moved and is easily shared with others. Consequently, GD tools should also be available as web applications to get the same functionality. We present Luna Moth, an IDE for GD available from the web that shows the relationship between a program and its results and integrates into the architect's workflow. Then, we give examples where Luna Moth's features help the architect during the programming process. Finally, we compare Luna Moth's performance with other IDEs, namely, Grasshopper, OpenJSCAD, and Rosetta.


Foreword by J. Peter Burkholder Biography Works and Performances Discography Bibliography: Collections, Catalogues, Bibliographies, and Discographies Biographical and Aesthetic Articles, General Stylistic Studies, Reviews, and Critical Evaluations Ives and his Contemporaries Works Appendixes: Compositions Premieres, Publications, and Recordings Ives's Writings Books, and Essays Dissertations, Theses, and Senior Essays Documentary Broadcasts, Films, and Videocassettes


Properties of low-pressure inductively coupled argon, oxygen, and Ar/O 2 mixture plasmas were investigated using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and an rf-compensated Langmuir probe measurement. The electron energy probability function (EEPF), the electron density and electron temperature were obtained by using an rf-compensated Langmuir probe. The electron temperature was also obtained by OES models and compared with that measured by the probe. We evaluated the excitation temperature (T exc ) and electron temperature (T e ) in our plasmas by using the conventional and the modified Boltzmann plot method, respectively. We obtain two Boltzmann plots (conventional and modified) corresponding to plasmas with high argon content at low pressure, and show the change of T e as functions of pressure, argon content, and power. The values of T exc are found to be a little less than those of T e . However, both the plots give a reasonable estimation of T e and exhibit a similar trend of change with operating parameters. We have found that, in general, T e decreases with growing pressure and slightly decreases with argon content and power. The electron temperature is observed to decrease with power and with pressure and also observed to decrease with the Ar content. The EEPF in pure Ar plasmas shows a nearly Maxwellian. The EEPFs of oxygen discharges exhibit a rapid change with pressure due to many molecular collision processes. From pure Ar to Ar/O 2 plasmas, the EEPF shows similar characteristics as in pure Ar plasmas, i.e. more depletion in the high-energy tail as the pressure increases. The Ar metastable density is also calculated based on the optical transition model. In Ar/O 2 discharges, the dissociation fraction of molecules is estimated using optical emission actinometry. The dissociation fraction is observed to increase with the Ar content.


Pension Funds play a very important role in the development of both economic and social welfare. The Pension Fund is a legal entity that manages and operates a program that promises retirement benefits. Implementation of cash procurement and pension fund payment at PT. Pos Indonesia Branch Manado can be done easily and does not take a long time because it uses a good system and procedures, and can illustrate how the implementation of internal controls on the procurement of cash and pension payments. The research method used in this thesis research is descriptive method whose purpose every data collected is analyzed and then drawn a conclusion and research type used is qualitative descriptive. The results obtained that the system and procedures of cash procurement and payment of pension funds at PT. Pos Indonesia Branch Manado runs well, in accordance with established standards, and is supported by the Fund Distribution system. Implementation of internal controls on the system and procedures of cash procurement and payment of pension funds at PT. Pos Indonesia Branch Manado has been run well because it is implemented in accordance with standard operating policy guidelines procedures and policies of directors.Keywords: System and Procedure, Cash Procurement, Pension Fund Payment.


In this paper, we estimate the willingness to pay for a sporting event: the Euro 2004 Soccer Championships that will take place in Portugal in June/July 2004. The estimation is carried out by means of a Tobit regression model. We conclude that there is a small proportion of the population who are prepared to pay for the event, with a declared small amount. The WTP is positively related to the number of times that the individual attends a soccer game during the season and to the education level of the respondent. The WTP is negatively related to the household income, to the declaration that the individual is a fan of the soccer team and to the perception that the event is prestigious for the country. The results give rise to the conclusion that the Euro 2004 is not a Pareto improvement of the public good, since the aggregated willingness-to-pay is lower than the estimated total costs.


r t ific ia l inte llige nce is comple x to de fine and fre que ntly mis unde rs tood. Colloquia lly, the te rm us ually te nds to be us e d whe n compute rs make progre s s on a ne w type of tas k tha t was thought to re quire 'inte llige nt be haviour ' and which pre vious ly only humans we re capable of pe r forming. A more ge ne ra l de finition is a compute r s ys te m that be have s as an 'age nt' capable of taking in information from its e nvironme nt and making de cis ions in orde r to achie ve its programme d goals . In popular culture , AI is us ually de pic te d as a humanoid and humanlike robot, but AI can take many forms : from Ne tflix 's re comme ndation a lgor ithm to s e lfdr iving cars . Cur re nt AI s ys te ms are 'nar row' only capable of car rying out s pe cific tas ks . In the future it may be pos s ible to build ar tific ia l ge ne ra l inte llige nce or 'AGI': AI s ys te ms tha t can car ry out mos t tas ks as we ll as or be tte r than humans .


The supersolvablity and nilpotency of the finite group G are characterized using the concept of cover-avoiding subgroups.First,some sufficient conditions for supersolvability of the finite group G are given,using the cover-avoiding properties of Fitting subgroup and Sylow subgroups of G.Then,the nilpotency of G is discussed and some sufficient and neccesary conditions are obtained under the assumption that the normalizers of Sylow subgroups of G have the cover-avoiding properties.


Attosecond pulse emission using a laser field with time-dependent ellipticity is studied experimentally and theoretically. Our theoretical approach is validated by comparison with experimental VUV spectra. We show in calculations that the VUV emission can be confined into a narrow temporal window in which the fundamental polarization is quasi-linear. We find an analytical equation describing the duration of this window and compare it with numerical results. The requirements for the fundamental field that are necessary to confine this emission to a single attosecond pulse generation are formulated.


The characters of geophysical fields of the north edge of Huabei platform were discussed. Moho interface, magnetic upper and lower interfaces were calculated for the area using gravitational and magnetic abnormly data. According to the geophysical data and the obtained results, we obtained constructure framework and rupture system of the area. Nine prospect regions for metal ore were indicated. They are: (1) Jining—Huhehaote gold mine area, (2) Zhangjiakou—Chicheng gold and silver multimetal mine area, (3) Miyun—Gaoling gold and copper mine area, (4) Qinglong—Malanzhuang gold mine area, (5) Qinhuangdao gold and multimetal mine area, (6) Haojiaying multimetal mine area, (7) Chengde gold and multimetal mine area, (8) Chifeng—Kelaqinqi gold mine area, and (9) Eastern of Ningcheng gold and multimetal mine area. [


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After entering the first decade of the new century, information technology has brought some profound changes in all aspects of social life. In the field of education, teaching mode to teaching concept has been severely impacted. Especially in the more open university classroom, the changes brought about by this shock are more pronounced. Classrooms of all majors have ushered in a wave of innovation. The use of cutting-edge information technology to build efficient classrooms has become the direction of multidisciplinary efforts. While promoting the upgrading of ideological and political classroom teaching in colleges and universities, it has become a common topic for ideological and political teachers in colleges and universities to effectively promote the effectiveness of ideological and political classroom teaching. In order to investigate the current teaching recognition of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities and the need for courses to integrate new technologies, this study used questionnaire survey and group comparison analysis as the main methods to distribute online questionnaires to 621 students from 6 colleges and universities in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. It is divided into students' interest in ideological and political courses and the interest of teaching content. According to the analysis of previous literature, a control group experiment of ideological and political courses is designed. The experimental results show that after wireless communication and artificial intelligence technology are combined with ideological and political courses, students' learning is more efficient. Finally, according to the results of experiments and questionnaires, the problems existing in the current teaching of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities are summarized, and then, innovative reform suggestions for the teaching methods of ideological and political courses are put forward.


Abstract. In semi-arid regions, the annual floods of alluvial
plains, wetlands and lakes provide essential services to millions of
farmers, livestock holders and fishers. The scale, number and dispersion of
these water bodies limit however their hydrological understanding, whose
complexity is exacerbated by the mutual interactions between water and
society. Rising availability of high spatial and temporal resolution remote
sensing imagery provide novel opportunities to improve the understanding of
the hydrology of multiple water bodies and of their ability to support local
livelihoods. Multi-scalar interdisciplinary research combining remote
sensing, in situ observations, hydrological modelling and farmer interviews
was developed to investigate multiple socio-hydrosystems in the Senegal
floodplain. Surface water monitoring with MNDWI on multi-spectral imagery
(Landsat 5, 7, 8 and Sentinel-2A) is used to identify intra-annual and
inter-annual variations in water availability. Validation against field
monitoring ( R2=0.88 ) and photointerpretation of drone imagery
highlights the benefits of Sentinel's increased resolution to monitor floods
of minor surface area and duration and improve the representation of
hysteresis in floodplains. Integrated into forthcoming river basin
modelling, these results can help simulate the influence of upstream changes
on the hydrology and associated services of these complex socio-hydrosystems
and improve watershed management.


Most studies repotting correlations of psychomotor and cognitive measures deal with perceptual-training programs for the remediation of academic deficiencies. This study provided additional information about the relationships of perceptual-motor ability and academic achievement for children in kindergarten through the second grade, and included self-concept. A small positive relationship between perceptual-motor ability and academic ability was observed for all three grade levels. There was little indication of any significant relationship between self-concept and academic ability, which provides no basis for the hypothesis proposing self-concept as an intervening variable in the relationship between the perceptual-motor and academic areas, at least for such young subjects.


of the notion of adequate education has Conceptualization taken many forms. In terms of operational measures, adequacy can be treated in terms of inputs, expenditures, activities, test scores and other achievement measures, and postschool outcomes, including life-time earnings. Here, the goal is to estimate the level of expenditure per student which would be required to provide an adequate level of schooling in each state. Estimates of required adequate spending could be compared with actual expenditure to indicate the extent to which particular states spend adequately to meet their school needs. Further, using projection methods, future expenditure needed to maintain adequate schooling by a state could be compared with projections of school expenditures in that state. All of this, however, requires a method of assessing adequate expenditures per pupil by state. The method used in this analysis derives from the assumption that, given the impossibility of an entirely objective standard of adequacy, the national average per pupil expenditure could be considered as constituting an adequate level of spending. This approach however, is interpreted here to allow for state-by-state variations in the costs of inputs and is applied not to the overall total of school spending but rather to the various major categories of school spending: instruction; plant operation and maintenance; transportation; administration; food; attendance, health and other; and fixed charges. The basic strategy, then, is to determine for each spending category for each state the required quantity of inputs per pupil (based on national averages) and the unit cost of inputs (based on actual input costs for a state), and to estimate expenditures per pupil needed for adequate schooling as the product of these two elements. The major categories of school spending mentioned above are those presented in official United States statistics on school spending.


This paper selects the data of energy consumption and economic output of different provinces from 1997 to 2006, constructs the regression equation between these 2 factors, and makes use of the equivalent substituted method. Based on the methods mentioned above, this paper estimates the equivalent value of coal, crude oil and electricity to the actual development of China's wind energy resource reserves per hour, and the estimations are 527.11 times, 1195.20 times, and 5745.82 times the National GDP of 2006.


Hyperspectral/multispectral and panchromatic of optical remote sensing images are commonly used for multi-sensor image fusion, which has been applied in various applications of Earth observation. However, the utilization of optical remote sensing data suffers from the limitation of bad weather and cloud contamination. To address aforementioned issue and enhance spatial details of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image, a novel dual-domain super-resolution image fusion method is proposed by combining improved spherically invariant random vector (ISIRV) model with generalized adaptive linear combination approximation (GALCA) technology in this study. The proposed method decomposes the task of image fusion into polarimetric and texture domain fusion by integrating polarimetric components of PolSAR image and texture detail component of panchromatic image, which can significantly improve spatial resolutions of PolSAR image while preserving polarimetric information. The data fusion experiment is implemented with three data sets including panchromatic images of Gaofen-1(GF-1)and Gaofen-2(GF-2)and the quad-pol SAR data of Gaofen-3(GF-3)and Radarsat-2. Results show that the proposed dual-domain image fusion method provide a better performance compared with state-of-the-art multi-sensor fusion methods (BT, PCA, GS, Indusion and PRACS) regarding qualitative and quantitative evaluations. Additionally, results of image fusion are applied to image classification over agricultural and urban areas of China, which shows that classification accuracy is significantly improved when compared with the result using only the original image.


One of the challenges of Production Programming and Control (PCP) is to more accurately predict the time needed to complete a manufacturing batch, within the time desired by the customer. Several mathematical and statistical models have been developed, however, there are not many works that discuss the forgetting caused by voluntary or non-voluntary stops in production and its impact on relearning. This study aimed to investigate the effect of learning and forgetting in the scheduling of a production lot, for the development of a model that incorporates the Theory of Learning and Forgetting, which allows measuring and comparing the performance of workers before and after the expected interruptions. in production and measure the impact of forgetting on the learning rates of these workers on performance and, consequently, on production after these interruptions. The model was presented in Chapter 4, which deals with the methodology and its application and validation, in Chapter 5, which demonstrates the applicability of the model, comparing it with real data obtained in the company.


This paper describes a contact degradation mechanism during window formation followed by selective tungsten chemical vapor deposition (W-CVD). Contact resistances by using selective W-CVD were increased as the overetching rate increased. Surface analysis made it clear that the Si surface at the bottom of contact was damaged and oxygen atoms from dielectrics were introduced during window etching. These damage and oxygen atoms break Si-Si bonds and make Si-O bonds after additional ion implantation. The Si-O bonds degrade the valence-band density of states of the Si surface. Such a damaged surface will not react with WF6. This inactivation is the reason for contact degradation. Controlling the Si surface state by using the chemical dry etching (CDE) technique solves this problem.


Researchers at Osaka University demonstrated a new technique for modifying the hydrogen concentration of resistors by applying an electrical voltage. The generated electric field drove the diffusion of hydrogen ions deeper into the perovskite rare-earth nickelate lattice, which led to a tunable "colossal" increase in electrical resistance. This research can lead to new gas sensors and electrically switchable smart materials.


We consider a training data collection mechanism wherein, instead of annotating each training instance with a class label, additional features drawn from a known class-conditional distribution are acquired concurrently. Considering true labels as latent variables, a maximum likelihood approach is proposed to train a classifier based on these unlabeled training data. Furthermore, the case of correlated training instances is considered, wherein latent label variables for subsequently collected training instances form a first-order Markov chain. A convex optimization approach and expectation-maximization algorithms are presented to train classifiers. The efficacy of the proposed approach is validated using the experiments with the iris data and the MNIST handwritten digit data.


The segmental resistance in the major arteries of the brain and the respective smaller cerebral arteries carrying blood from the circle of Willis was computed (with a mathematical method developed recently) using the inlet and outlet pressures of the internal carotid arteries, as well as the venous pressure in the brain sinuses of dogs. Under the conditions of stepwise changes of the perfusion pressure the following localization of "autoregulatory" responses of the cerebral arteries has been found: changes in the inlet pressure of the internal carotid artery produced corresponding changes of its vascular resistance resulting in a relative constancy of the outlet pressure of the artery, i.e., pressure in the circle of Willis; resistance changes in the smaller brain arteries were evident only when the alterations of the perfusion pressure were too big and the major arteries were unable to eliminate the disturbance. The responses of the internal carotid arteries were eliminated when their muscular layer was maintained normal, but deprived of the nervous control (when the arteries were continuously perfused with blood or oxygenated Ringer-Krebs bicarbonate solution shortly after the death of the animal). Thus, evidence was obtained that the vascular responses were brought about by a nervous and not by a purely muscular mechanism, as is usually assumed.


Das Kirchendenken des Mormannischen Aiwnymus. By Karl Pellens. (Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fur europaische Geschichte Mainz, 69). Pp. xx+ 336. Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1973. DM. 50. Dr. Pellens published his edition of the text of the Norman Anonymous in 1966. A facsimile edition is still promised. In the meantime we are presented with his study of the NA's views on the Church. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, MS. 415 contains a collection of theological pieces which vary widely in theme, length, finish and importance. There is a series of rather primitive questiones, concerned mostly with the government of the Church and especially with sacerdotal or episcopal authority, accompanied by drafts, sketches and supporting texts. The collection has aroused the interest of modern theologians and historians largely because of its defence of the marriage of priests, its championship of sacramental kingship and its repudiation of 'Gregorian' doctrines. In his introduction Pellens reconsiders briefly some of the problems of the collection and its authorship which he had tackled, likewise relatively briefly, in the introduction to his edition. He still believes in the unity of the manuscript collection and, less firmly, in a single author. And he is still of the opinion that the author cannot be identified. He also, in the preface as well as the introduction, discusses the reception of his edition by the scholarly world and answers its critics, especially Professor Walter Ullmann, who was the unkindest of his reviewers. Few English readers will find this an easy or attractive book. G. H. Williams's The Norman Anonymous of 1100 A.D. (1951) was an exciting study. Pellens is remorselessly pedantic. Nevertheless, there are rewards for the courageous or dutiful reader. Pellens knows the text inside out; he is very well read; and he is thorough. In the end he commands respect. His analysis of the NA's conception of the Church is exhaustive and authoritative. He knows the historical setting better than did Williams. By presenting the Anonymous's vision as the antithesis of that of the Gregorian reformers, he throws much light on the other. But one doubt remains. Is the Anonymous in Tract J[ames] 24, his long treatment of royal and sacerdotal power in the Church, as outrageously royalist as both Williams and Pellens insist ? Williams (181-2) drew attention to 'a loss of nerve in his otherwise daring assault on the papal citadel'. And other examples, not mentioned by Williams, can be found. Several times the NA safeguards his rejection of a Gregorian tenet with 'some people claim . . .' or 'I believe it can be said . . .'; and he usually displays royal powers in the Church by means of a negative introduction: 'It is not against the rule of justice . . .'. In other words, even if he believed in his case, he was prepared for its rejection. Moreover, it may well be, as Pellens believes (252-3), that the whole tract is directed to the question whether the king could properly invest bishops. And, if so, the soberness of the conclusion is at variance with the extravagance of the development. The NA states clearly that the king by investiture grants the bishop only the temporalities and his own (royal) governmental powers over the diocese, not the bishop's priestly (= episcopal = spiritual) powers. The latter are, presumably, conveyed in the ecclesiastical ceremony of ordination. Only his justification of the use by the king of the symbols of ring and staff for investiture separate his views from those which prevailed at Bee and Worms. He accepts the basic principle of the compromise: the non-Gregorian distinction between temporalities and spiritualities. He can, therefore, be regarded as a transitional figure rather than the last of the old order. He is neo-Gelasian.


This case presents the problem of a new owner of an existing dealership coupled with a move to a new location/new facility within the city. The marketing problem is presented whereby a college marketing class is challenged to create a promotional event on campus to make students aware of the dealership and its location. Additionally, two surveys were administered to gain insight of the college student in regard to the dealership and its products/services. Questions/assignments are posed for students appropriate for a marketing promotions course. The questions/assignments address the goals stated by the manager of the dealership.


This study focuses on models which explicitly account for uncertainty in road maintenance and rehabilitation processes (stochastic models). The aims are: (1) to summarise the established models which account for uncertainty; (2) to identify the need for research in the field; and (3) to make the literature easily accessible for the model-building community. The reader is briefly introduced to the principles of road maintenance, to aspect of social costs, main strategies and administrative levels of planning. The recent development in modelling pavement deterioration in a stochastic setting and the associated economic optimisation procedures are presented. It is found that present research effort is concentrated on models which do account for uncertainty in road deterioration and the effects of maintenance measures. The potential impact of the uncertain nature of, e.g. benefits from traffic to long-run maintenance strategies, seems to have been ignored so far. (A)


Abstract Tinotus refusus, new species, is described based on specimens collected from refuse piles of Atta ants from San Luis Potosi, Mexico. This is the second recorded instance of Tinotus collected from Atta refuse piles and likely represents a species specific to this habitat. An annotated world catalog of Tinotus is also presented with lectotype designations for T. binarius Casey, T. brunneus Casey, T. carnivorus (Cameron), T. castaneus Cameron, T. caviceps Casey, T. cavicollis Sharp, T. coelebs Casey, T. densissimus Bernhauer, T. densiventris Casey, T. flavescens Sharp, T. fusinus Casey, T. imbricatus Casey, T. indicus Cameron, T. kashmiricus Cameron, T. pallidus Casey, T. paratus Casey, T. parvicornis Casey, T. pectinellus Casey, T. rufipennis Cameron, T. texanus Casey, and T. trisectus Casey. Tinotus is transferred from the Hoplandriini to the Aleocharini based on numerous shared characters that likely represent synapomorphies for the Aleocharini.


In August 2000 the Department of Correctional Services (from now on referred to as the Department) held the first national symposium to translate its vision which is to render services that contribute to community protection and the rehabilitation of offenders into a meaningful partnership with the South African community. Correctional services in many countries face the challenge of balancing resources with the need to provide effective rehabilitation. Education is widely acknowledged as a key component of this rehabilitation. In the light of such developments, it is appropriate to ask what is known about the role of education in the rehabilitation of offenders. The purpose of this article is to determine the impact of education as a catalyst for behavioural change in enhancing rehabilitation efforts and preventing future criminal activity. The article will benefit educators in that they will know how and where they could
become involved. This article will also add knowledge and an understanding of the impact of correctional education on crime and crime prevention.


Summary Urethane anesthesia produces elevated plasma concentrations of corticosterone (B) that are sustained over a 4-hour observation period. The elevated B levels are reduced after intravenous administration of dexamethasone (20 μg/100 ml body weight) within 3–4 hr, although the steroid suppression of ACTH release was not complete. Histamine (2000 mg), insulin (0.4 U), formalin (1 ml of 10% solution) and vasopressin (100 mU) each elicited an increase in plasma corticosterone levels in dexamethasone-pre-treated rats. No increments were observed after administration of the same agents in hypophysectomized rats. The assistance of Mrs. N. L. Swygert and Miss Katherine Egan is gratefully acknowledged.


Former Eastern Bloc countries have had notable struggles with ethnic relations. In Latvia, as in its neighboring Baltic state, Estonia, the native people have almost become a minority as a result of the Soviet regime. Tension between the native population and the post-war immigrants, who are mostly Russian, has consequently developed into a major issue on the political agenda, though – in contrast with the Balkans – this ethnic tension has not turned into violent conflict.


6 of 80 haemodislysed patients developed a sub‐acute eczematous dermatitis of the area surrounding the arteriovenous shunt in the forearm. Patch tests were positive to rubber chemicald 6 patients reacted to the thiuram group, 4 of them also to carbo compounds. Since the equipment contained only small pieces of rubber, the cause of the allergy remains obscure. It is possible that allergy was caused by short and intermittent contact of the skin with the rubber gloves used by the nursing personnel.


Extending lasing action into the extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray regions of the electromagnetic spectrum has been a natural progression in the continuing development of short wavelength radiation sources. However fundamental difficulties with the media used to produce short wavelength lasers has in general hindered the widespread development and use of such lasers in applications. Up to now all EUV and soft x-ray lasers have operated with plasmas as the gain medium to support lasing. This is a general requirement imposed by 1) the characteristics of short wavelength radiation as it originates from highly energetic atomic transitions and 2) the fundamental aspects of lasing at these wavelengths. Thus the plasma environment has been the defining characteristic in achieving lasing in the E W and soft x-ray spectral regions. This thesis presents investigations into two types of EWISoft x-ray lasers that describe the operation and associated plasma dynamics of these devices. The first is a numerical investigation into a recombination pumped x-ray laser at 13.5 nm operating in a Li plasma. Using a collisional-radiative model of the atomic system, simulations were performed to determine the plasma conditions necessary to produce gain that were observed in reported experiments. The second investigation is the experimental development and operation of a capillary discharge driven laser operating at 46.9 nm in Ar. This device is a new generation of EUV/Soft X-ray laser based on a small scale driver system. The first interferometric probing experimeng -.of this device will be discussed and related to the plasma dynamics of the capillary discharge.


In the past, there have been several attempts to produce a machine which is able to learn sequences. The early attempts of Uttley and Taylor involved sequence recognition, and are valuable in that they define the problems involved in this type of approach. More recently Fukushima has described a system which reproduces the sequences that are presented to it, and has shown that this approach overcomes many of the difficulties involved in the early work. The present paper describes a system which uses the reproduction approach, but which does not involve the assumption that sequence reproduction must involve delays. Instead a learning theorem is adopted which used interaction between short‐term and long‐term memories, and which therefore obviates the need for complex systems of delay elements. The sensitivity to sequences is inherent in the learning theorem. Simulation of the system on a digital computer has shown that it can learn to reproduce any combination of the ten inputs in sequences of up to eight d...


Underwater acoustic sensors are significantly damaged from underwater explosion. The damage that affects sensor should be evaluated for its smooth operations and safety. For satisfying these objectives, it is necessary to obtain more accurate values of the pressure and the energy flux density by distance. This paper is divided into two part. First, to obtain more accurate value of the pressure and the energy flux density at each point, the simulation results and the reference values were compared. For fitting to the reference pressure and the reference energy flux density, the sizes of fluid and TNT model are corrected, and the comparison results show good agreements. Second, based on these results, the structural integrity of underwater sensor structure was analyzed when TNT located in 10 meters from underwater sensors structure. This simulation used the commercial software MSC/DYTRAN.


Visual prompts are a kind of visual stimulation, through vectors such as text,
pictures, bar charts, and image data which guide and persuade individuals to
implement expected behaviors. In recent years, with the variety of electronic
products and home appliances, the types and usage of batteries are constantly
increasing, and the number of corresponding waste batteries is increasing.
Because some of the waste batteries contain many heavy metals and electrolyte
solutions, which will cause harm to the human body and the ecological
environment, more and more people are paying attention to the pollution of
waste batteries and their disposal. It has been demonstrated that visual
prompts have the effects of protecting the environment. This paper attempts
to study the effects of visual prompts on the recycling behavior of waste batteries
and verify whether visual prompt has a positive effect on the recycling
behavior of waste batteries by using a control group and an experimental
group to compare the experimental methods. The visual prompts were pasted
on the waste battery recycling bin and were carried out by GraphPad Prism in
order to find an economic and effective way to promote people's recycling
behaviors.


The invention relates to a parallel-connection voltage-regulating control method for on-load switches of transformers and belongs to the technical field of transformers. According to the technical scheme, the N on-load voltage-regulating transformers are connected in parallel for operation, parallel-connection voltage-regulating control is performed on the on-load switches of the transformers, and by the aid of parallel-connection voltage-regulating interconnected control loops and parallel-connection voltage-regulating local and remote operation control loops of the on-load switches, the reliable parallel-connection voltage-regulating control is achieved. By the aid of the control method, active control or slaved control of any device can be achieved, and the method has the advantages of being easy to expand. By the aid of the parallel-connection voltage-regulating interconnected control loops, the method is used for mechanical interconnected control, the gear consistency judgment during voltage regulation of the on-load switches of the transformers is achieved, the reliability of voltage regulation is guaranteed, and active control or slaved control of all control devices can be achieved; and by the aid of the parallel-connection voltage-regulating local and remote operation control loops, the requirements for local or remote parallel-connection voltage-regulating control of the on-load switches are met. The method has the advantages of being safe, high in reliability and flexible to control.


To the Editor.— Authors of a recent BRIEF REPORT (231:731, 1975) must be commended for their simple and clear data presentation. I have, however, a few observations that should be taken into account, as their data enter the growing list of publications on the topic of the impact of contraceptive hormones on micronutrient metabolism. While I am eager to accept their conclusion that "the incidence of subnormal serum folate values was no greater in the group using oral contraceptives than in the control group...," their data do not reinforce this propositon. Incidence is not studied, since only one measurement series was obtained and no changes were investigated; ie, the study was cross-sectional, not prospective. There was no control group, only a group of patients self-selected into the category of "any contraceptive method other than birth control pills," whose inclusion permits comparison but not control. Of most interest, however, is the


In recent years, many topologies have been developed as PV module integrated converter for AC module system. Among these topologies, the flyback-type power converter have been occupied the attention due to its simplicities on configuration and control. In this paper, dual mode switching control method for flyback-type PV module integrated converter is proposed. Proposed switching control method changes the mode of operation in DCM and BCM alternatively. It is expected that the high performances in efficiency and transferred power quantity can be achieved through the conduction mode change. The efficacies of proposed switching technique are validated by simulation and experimental result.


disturbing book. The analysis of a significant historical event has been determined in large measure by the author's strongly held views on the Soviet Union. The book is quite present-minded: references are often made to events still in the future; and the author avoids investigation of the complex immediate pressures on both the peasants and the Soviet government at that crucial period at the end of the Civil War. Perhaps the caution and care shown in another study of agrarian unrest might be relevant here. In Captain Swing George Rude and E. J. Hobsbaum warn against easy explanations derived from a priori notions about human volatility: "Human beings do not react to the goad of hunger and oppression by some automatic and standard response of revolt. What they do, or fail to do, depends on their situation among other human beings, on their environment, culture, tradition, and experience" [(New York: Pantheon Books, 1968), P-. 56.] One would have hoped for a deeper social analysis of the roots and progress of the rebellion, instead of the study of rebel leadership and military maneuvers we are given. We receive little enlightenment about the ultimate success of Lenin's government or the sources of its support. We learn little about peasant mentalities (here, perhaps, the sources are to blame) or about the nature of peasant life. A more sensitive treatment of the scattered sources might have revealed a more subtle picture of the changes through which both sides went in the course of the fighting. For example, when one reads Antonov-Ovseenko's lengthy report to Lenin on "the bandit movement in Tambov Province" one is struck by the penetrating criticism by the Soviet official of his government's ineptitude in dealing with the local peasants and the subsequent responsiveness of the officials to peasant demands in the latter half of 1921. A minor criticism: Radkey lists Antonov-Ovseenko's report along with other materials from the Trouk) ArJiivc us unpublished or archival sources; while they are archival, they have been published and should be so noted somewhere in the bibliography. (See The Trotsky Papers 1917-1922, II, 1920-1922, ed. Jan M. Meijer (The Hague-Paris: Mouton, 1971).) Finally, the book is too long for the amount of hard information it contains and should have been more carefully edited. Radkey, however, has provided us with a sympathetic review of a major peasant protest and opened the way for other historians to amplify his analysis of the Green movement. Ronald Grigor Suny


A study is carried out to evaluate the seismic load distribution in buildings with eccentric setback subjected to lateral loading in a direction perpendicular to the setback. Such loading causes both translational and torsional deformations. Since buildings with eccentric setback possess significant irregularities both height-wise and plan-wise, both the static and the dynamic approaches are used in this study to examine the limitations of the static approach when applied to this class of structures. It is shown that the static approach cannot simulate the higher modal contribution, nor can it simulate the inertial floor torques caused by the first mode of vibration. Consequently, the static approach leads to an underestimation of edge frame shears. However, by modifying the static approach as is done in the Canadian code (National Building Code of Canada, 1990) one can obtain load distributions in eccentric buildings that are similar to that using dynamic analysis. Based on the work of Goel and Chopra, i...


Single‐crystal silicon films have been grown over SiO2‐covered regions of a single‐crystal silicon wafer by lateral epitaxial chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Nucleation of polycrystalline silicon on the SiO2 is suppressed by adding HCl to the SiH4 deposition gas. Sequential variation of the HCl partial pressure during different stages of the deposition process controls the relative deposition rates of the [100] and [110] planes and, consequently, the shape of the laterally advancing growth fronts, allowing the fronts from opposite sides of the SiO2 region to join uniformly. A plane surface is obtained by increasing the HCl partial pressure after coalescence. A standard silicon CVD epitaxial reactor is used for the deposition.


This chapter surveys what is known about ancient Israel's beliefs and practices relating to the end of life, the experience of death, and one's transformation into the life thereafter. The results were gleaned from the integration of material cultural data, epigraphic sources, and the critical assessment of biblical texts. Ancient Israelites placed significant emphasis on living the good life and experiencing the good death. In addition to the conventional mourning and burial rites performed on behalf of the deceased, both medium-range and long-term rituals were also observed. These comprised such rites as the care and feeding of the dead, who apparently possessed a post-mortem sentience and also a ghostly existence in the netherworld (see the references in 1 Sam 28 to the ʾôb "ghost" and ʾereṣ "earth"—a synonym of Sheol). These rites also included the commemoration of the dead in which the legacy and exemplary lives the dead had formerly led were ritually remembered, recalled, and passed forward. As such, these commemorative rituals also constituted a form of immortality of the dead; one that was perpetuated cross-generationally in the minds of family and community survivors.


Signal perturbation theory has been shown theoretically to reduce the quantization errors in position and velocity detection systems [1-9]. In the above work, some of the ideal constraints on the system were relaxed, but most of the practical problems associated with actual hardware were circumvented. This paper presents an experimental system and compares the experimental results obtained from the system with those predicted by the models.