The contribution deals with scientific interpretation of visual characteristics of the landscape, which was not very discussed theme until today. Our study concerns the landscape of the High Tatra Mountains. Emphasis is put on anthropogenically influenced settlement areas, with markedly displayed objects of travel movement with downhill courses. We assess visual characteristics of the landscape as landform configuration and land-cover structure composition, in order to express basic visual characteristics of the studied area. Research works in the field were important element of our research, being followed by a phase of data processing. We selected one of exposed localities with high anthropogenic influence in the High Tatras. It is a locality situated between settlement of Tatranska Lomnica and slopes below and above the Skalnate pleso Lake. We identified visual fields (visual sectors and zones), from where are characteristic views on the mountains. We visualised landforms in their context to geological structure in a 3D model. The results obtained in this case study may be applied as a basis for environmental impact assessment (EIA) and can lead to eventual propositions of new design of downhill courses in visual exposed areas.


The invention relates to an electrically operated clutch means for selectively establishing and releasing a rotationally fixed connection between a control shaft (18; 18 ') and a co-axially on the switching shaft (18; 18') arranged switching body (12; 12 ') by electrically controlled adjustment a coupling member (20; 20 '), between a releasing state in which the shift shaft (18; 18') and the switch body (12; 12 ') are rotated in opposite directions, and a coupling state in which the coupling member (20; 20' ) both of the switching shaft (18; 18 ') as the switching element and (12; 12' contacts) rotationally fixed, is adjustable. The invention is characterized in that a coaxially with the control shaft (18; 18 ') is arranged, by electromagnetic interaction with a surrounding, energisable coil (27') axially displaceable lifting element (26; 26 ') by its axial displacement that as with the switching shaft (18; 18 ') rotatably connected to the sliding sleeve (20; 20') formed and rotationally decoupled from the lifting element coupling member between its coupling position in which the sliding sleeve is at least indirectly in the form of circuit connected to the switching body (12; 12 '), and its release position in which no positive connection between the sliding sleeve (20; 20 ') and the switch body (12; 12') which is axially displaceable.


Chaos Theory aims to find the underlying order from apparently random data. Every economic process produce one or many time series. Determining if the process is or not chaotic may supply valuable information about how to deal with that process. There is no single test that identify chaos, so to say that a system is chaotic is better to perform more tests.


The penetration of photovoltaic (PV) in electric power generation is continually increasing. On the other side, the load will receive the actual power, which is a part of power supplied by the photovoltaic. Therefore, it is necessary to extract maximum power from PV. One of a defy problem, is the tracking maximum power point (MPPT) in photovoltaic frameworks and it is a significant task. It can be a reproducer of maximum power from a photovoltaic system, which it depends on the adjusting of duty cycle of DC-DC converter. In order to produce a maximum power transfer, the impedance between the source and the load should be coincide by using of a buck boost converter. In this work, the proposed methods; Firefly algorithm (FA), Enhanced Firefly (EFA), Differential Evolution Scheme1, Differential Evolution Scheme2, and Differential Evolution Scheme 3 were tested for their performances in different conditions. Finally, the simulation results confirm that the second scheme of DE outperforms the others. Visual Basic. Net has been used to simulate the results and proceed with algorithms.


ABSTRACT Although population ageing has been of major socio-economic concern in industrialized economies, hardly any attempt has been made to study the direct effects of a declining population on FDI inflows in OECD countries based on panel cointegration analysis. We investigate the short-run and long-run effects of population ageing on net FDI inflows (% of GDP) for 22 OECD countries over the period 1980–2017. The short-run effects are statistically insignificant; however, a significantly positive association between population ageing and net FDI inflows (% of GDP) is observed in the long-run. The results are robust across the two different measures of population ageing. The important policy implications are discussed.


The paper describes a computational simulation approach for durability, damage tolerance (D&DT) and reliability of composite wind turbine blade structures in presence of uncertainties in material properties. This computer-based prediction methodology combines composite mechanics with finite element analysis, damage and fracture tracking capability, probabilistic analysis and a robust design algorithm to reduce weight of turbine bales without loss in structural durability and reliability. A composite turbine blade was first assessed with finite element based multi-scale progressive failure analysis to determine failure modes and locations as well as the fracture load. Analysis D&DT results were validated with static test performed at Sandia National Laboratories. The work was followed by detailed weight analysis to identify contribution of various materials to the overall weight of the blade. The methodology ensured that certain types of failure modes, such as delamination progression, are contained to reduce risk to the structure. Probabilistic analysis indicated that composite shear strength has a great influence of the blade ultimate load under static loading. Weight was reduced by 12% with robust design without loss in reliability or D&DT. It was achieved by replacing a small volume of key materials with foam.


The present invention includes one MEMS dual backplate microphone that is configured to provide a differential output signal (2), the configured one differential amplifier (9) to receive the differential output signal comprising one of ASIC (3) comprising, a the MEMS dual backplate microphone (2) and / or one control element configured to adjust settings of the ASIC (3) (14), a microphone assembly ( 1) on. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for the production of the microphone assembly. .FIELD 1


This paper will start with a brief analysis of the 'Arctic question' and the applicable law thereto, it will then proceed by studying the current work of the CLCS on the Arctic seabed and it will conclude with final reflections.It is important to underline that the aim of this paper is not to deal with the general study of the CLCS legal nature and its functions, nor to be a study of any general definition of the continental shelf nor the general matters related to the establishment of the outer limits of continental shelf beyond national jurisdictions nor, alternatively, rules applicable to the International Seabed Area. Rather, it focuses briefly on the positions and practices of the Arctic coastal States within the ongoing process of delineation of the outer limits of their continental shelves in the Arctic seabed. Namely, it particularly takes into account the seabed under the North Pole (the Lomonosov ridge) rich with energy resources which stretch across the Arctic Ocean and separate the Amerasian Basin from the Eurasian Basin.


To determine the relations between antihypertensive effect and acid, mycelial weight and pigment of Monascus, ethanol koji extracts were prepared from Monascus koji and each of three grade was classified based on acid content, glucosamine content and hue angle value, respectively. Each extract was orally administrated on male spontaneously hypertensive rats and its antihypertensive effect was compared. Most of koji extracts showed antihypertensive activity regardless of their acid content, glucosamine content or hue angle value. Therefore, hypotensive activity of koji extract was not dependent on above three components.


Summary Oscillotonometry using Dinamap machine wasinvestigatedfor the measurement ofankle andbrachial blood pressures inourvascular practice. Itwasvalidated bycomparison withintra-arterial pressure measured bytransducer. Systolic ankle andbrachial pressures in43patients werecompared using theDinamap and Doppler techniques, andsignificant correlation wasfound. Ankle andbrachial systolic, diastolic andmeanpressures andankle! brachial pressure indices forall three pressures weremeasured ina group of12normal subjects supine atrest, andafter treadmill exercise, andarange ofnormal values defined. Themainlimita- tionoftheDinamap isitsfailure tomeasure pressures below 50mmHg. TheDinamap technique isa noninvasive, simple, reproducible andquick method ofmeasuring ankle andbrachial pressures invascular surgical practice. Introduction blood pressure measurement hasbecomethecom- monestnoninvasive methodofinvestigation oflower limbischaemia. Auscultatory measurements aredifficult inthelegandankle butdetection ofarterial blood flow in thedorsalis pedis andposterior tibial vessels using Dop- plerultrasound techniques isthemethodofchoice (1). Theratio between theankle andbrachial pressure pro- vides anindex whichgives amorereproducible measure ofocclusive arterial disease (2). Anautomatic device hasbeeninclinical useforseven yearsformeasuring brachial bloodpressure inclinical situations requiring semicontinuous bloodpressure monitoring. Marketed astheDinamap (Critikon), itisa Device forIndirect Noninvasive Automatic MeanArte- rial Pressure measurement. Itrelies on a methodof oscillotonometry similar tothevisual systemusedfor manyyearsbyanaesthetists (3,4). Thisisaverysimple machine touseandtheoretically eliminates a certain amountofobserver bias overboththeDoppler method


Pressure ulcer is the leading complication in bedridden patients (1) and typically requires multiple surgeries for debridement and vaccum sealing drainage (VSD); after the deep sinus is cleaned, a second surgery can be performed to close the wound (2). In this article we describe our successful primary repair of a massive pressure ulcer on the hip.


This article quantitatively summarizes experimental and quasi-experimental studies on teaching students with mathematics difficulties (MD) published between 2000 and 2014, research that was available following earlier syntheses. It reports the analysis of effect sizes of 25 intervention studies on participant characteristics, intervention parameters, domains of mathematics interventions, and instructional approaches and components. Results indicate that several participant characteristics (e.g., grade level and level of mathematics difficulties) and intervention parameters (e.g., methodological soundness, intervention agent, and grouping) mediated the treatment effects. In addition, different types of instructional approaches and several instructional components contributed to the improvements in mathematics performance in students with MD.


Mythological allusion and suggestion has been an ever-present force in literature, a tie across time that links the ancient past with the present and future. Virginia Woolf and the Modernists were no strangers to its influence. This paper examines the presence of myth in Woolf's novel To the Lighthouse, specifically the interpretation of the character, Mrs. Ramsay, as an incarnation of Helen of Troy. The enduringly fascinating Mrs. Ramsay and Helen of Troy dominate the literature they inhabit, and through them Woolf connects the changing world of the twentieth century with the mythical one of ancient Greece. By equating her with Helen, Woolf reconciles the contradictions apparent in Mrs. Ramsay's character, the equal measures of beauty and fear she inspires, as well as the conflict and domestic bliss which she fosters. By drawing a parallel between Mrs. Ramsay and Helen of Troy, Woolf presents her character as a woman deprived of her identity by the conceptions of those around her, yet made powerful through a manipulation of those very beliefs. Viewing the novel through this mythical lens reveals another interpretation of the characters and message in Woolf's work as well as a new perspective on the infamous Helen.


The fraction of photosynthetic active radiation (fPAR) attempts to quantify the amount of enery that is absorbed by vegetation for use in photosynthesis. Despite the importance of fPAR, there has been little research into how fPAR may change with biome and latitude, or the extent and number of ground networks required to validate satellite products. This study provides the first attempt to quantify the variability and uncertainties related to in-situ 2-flux fPAR estimation within a tropical dry forest (TDF) via co-located sensors. Using the wireless sensor network (WSN) at the Santa Rosa National Park Environmental Monitoring Super Site (Guanacaste, Costa Rica), this study analyzes the 2-flux fPAR response to seasonal, environmental, and meteorological influences over a period of five years (2013–2017). Using statistical tests on the distribution of fPAR measurements throughout the days and seasons based on the sky condition, solar zenith angle, and wind-speed, we determine which conditions reduce variability, and their relative impact on in-situ fPAR estimation. Additionally, using a generalized linear mixed effects model, we determine the relative impact of the factors above, as well as soil moisture on the prediction of fPAR. Our findings suggest that broadleaf deciduous forests, diffuse light conditions, and low wind patterns reduce variability in fPAR, whereas higher winds and direct sunlight increase variability between co-located sensors. The co-located sensors used in this study were found to agree within uncertanties; however, this uncertainty is dominated by the sensor drift term, requiring routine recalibration of the sensor to remain within a defined criteria. We found that for the Apogee SQ-110 sensor using the manufacturer calibration, recalibration around every 4 years is needed to ensure that it remains within the 10% global climate observation system (GCOS) requirement. We finally also find that soil moisture is a significant predictor of the distribution and magnitude of fPAR, and particularly impacts the onset of senescence for TDFs.


For the verification of a finite element based calculation procedure for the strength and fatigue design of aluminum brazed Plate Fin Heat Exchangers (PFHE) an extensive experimental investigation program was planned and executed.In the first step high temperature loadings as single events were applied to the PFHEs to recognize, whether damage (a leak) can be produced by a severe single loading. After various tests on different geometries the investigations were enlarged to thermal cycling tests on small PFHEs until leaks were detected.The tests were executed with three blocks in parallel to cover a statistical influence and the tests were repeated with three new blocks under identical conditions. All six blocks gave nearly the same number of load cycles until first detection of leaks. In addition three blocks of the same geometry were loaded with lower thermal stress, giving higher load cycle numbers until a leak occurred.The experimentally determined cycle numbers were compared to calculated cycle numbers out of the finite element modeling and showed very good agreement. Those tests and comparisons are a strong basis for fatigue and lifetime considerations on large scale PFHEs in the process industry.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


The development of scales of values for solvent nucleophilicity and for the aromatic-ring parameter are described. These are applied to solvolytic addition to carbocations and, together with improved solvent ionising power scales, to solvolyses proceeding with a 1,2-aryl shift and to solvolytic displacements at acyl carbon and at a heteroatom, such as phosphorus or sulfur.


......Memory access latency continues to pose a crucial performance bottleneck for server workloads. Prefetchers bring cache blocks from main memory to on-chip caches prior to explicit processor requests to hide cache miss latency. Prefetching improves throughput and response time by increasing memory-level parallelism and remains an essential strategy to address the processormemory performance gap. Today's systems primarily employ stride-based prefetchers, which require only simple hardware additions and minimal on-chip area. However, these prefetchers are only partially effective in commercial server workloads, such as online transaction processing, which are dominated by pointer-chasing access patterns. In contrast, address-correlating prefetchers are effective for repetitive, yet arbitrarily irregular, access patterns, particularly pointer chasing. Address-correlating prefetchers associate a miss address with a sequence of possible successor misses. More than a decade of research has repeatedly shown that address-correlating prefetchers can eliminate half (or more) of all off-chip misses in pointer-intensive commercial server workloads. Figure 1 illustrates the potential of address-correlated prefetching across a range of server and scientific applications running on a four-core chip multiprocessor. The figure shows the fraction of off-chip misses that are covered (that is, successfully predicted and prefetched) by an idealized address-correlating prefetcher with unbounded zero-latency metadata storage. Nevertheless, stride prefetchers are widely implemented, whereas, to date, no commercial design has implemented an addresscorrelating prefetcher. Address-correlating prefetchers have never been deployed in production designs because they require megabytes of address correlation metadata—far too large to store practically on chip. We introduce two innovations for managing metadata that make off-chip storage practical. To address the access-latency challenge, we introduce hash-based lookup, in which a hardware-managed hash table maintains an index of previously recorded miss-address sequences within a log of prior misses. Hash-based lookup lets a prefetecher predict a long sequence of prefetch addresses with only two main-memory round-trip latencies (one for the hashed index table lookup, and the second for the address [3B2-9] mmi2010010050.3d 27/1/010 10:11 Page 50


DURING the thirty-five or forty hours each week that the adult members of the population are working at producing goods or services outside the home, official health agencies generally pay little attention to them. Aside from the accepted functions of food protection and perhaps an inspection of toilet facilities, the local health agencies in most of the United States do not participate in organized programs directed toward the health protection of the worker. There are some notable exceptions to this generalization, but they affect only a small proportion of the total work force. The local health agency can and should redirect its attention just as, in many instances, it has been redirecting its attention toward a greater concern with the provision of medical care services and a much greater involvement with the control of the environment. Twelve years ago I wrote, "It is somewhat remarkable that in our society in which government is established and maintained by the governed it is these same people, the governed, who so often fail to utilize the very services which they have established in their government."l The taxpayer has established the local health department, and it is up to the local agency to provide guidance and service. Many times the citizen is unaware of services which are available. He must be informed. In other instances services are needed but not available. They must be provided.


Abstract : The evaluation of alternative environmental windows for dredging operations, which represent a broad spectrum of project and site specific conditions (e.g., type of dredge plant, local hydrodynamics, bathymetry, etc.) requires development of a spatially and temporally explicit population simulation model. Unless spatial dynamics are accounted for, exploration of spatial and/or temporal alternatives is impractical and is of limited effectiveness (Pelletier and Magal 1996). Ultimately, an integrated biophysical and population modeling package is needed that contains coupled population-dynamic, hydrodynamic, fate-and-transport, and bioenergetic models that can be applied in spatially-explicit formats. This Users Guide details a population-dynamic model that provides a quantitative biological foundation for such an integrated modeling package.


Concept and evaluation indices of deep coalbed are essential for motivating deep coalbed methane research.Based on the analysis of ground stress,pore properties,gas content,reservoir physical and mechanical properties,it has shown that variations of proportion of different pore types of deep coal are very small,especially for mesopore to micropore.With the increase of coal burial depth,gas content increases firstly and then decreases.The inflexion point from gas content increasing to decreasing is defined as"critical depth",and that is,the gas content decreases when the burial depth is deeper than the critical depth.Decimal logarithm of permeability is linearly negatively related to burial depth,which means that permeability of deep coal is probably very low.Elasticity modulus of coal are positively related to confining pressure and negatively related to temperature,and it also suggests that there is an"inflexion point"in the relation curve between elasticity modulus and burial depth.In further,indices of ground stress,saturated gas content,permeability were constructed to define the critical depth.Taking the Qinshui Basin as an example,the critical burial depth of deep coalbed is at 750 mthrough calculations of the indices.It is suggested that reservoir condition changes a lot compared to shallow coalbed,and corresponding measures must be taken in coalbed methane development.


We present here a simplified version of the model in Bonfiglioli and Gancia (2013), which builds on Rogoff (1990) and Holmström (1999). There are two periods: in the first, a politician of unknown type θ makes an investment in reforms r with a payoff in the second period. At the end of the first period and after observing noisy signals of θ and r, citizens can replace the incumbent with a new draw. Elections serve the purpose of ousting bad politicians.1 We use the word citizens to denote the set of individuals holding the political power to change the government, but it could equally be an elite. Expected utility of the representative citizen is


This paper examines the eects of exchange rate movements on Canadian retail rms. As consumers living close to the Canada-US border are able to choose to shop on either side of the border, changes in the price of domestic goods and services relative to the foreign ones, including the changes caused by exchange rate movements, can aect the demand faced by a rm and thereby inuence rm survival, size and protability.


Argentina In a preliminary attempt to understand the daily production of poor people's subordination in contemporary Argentina, this paper explores the workings of overt and covert forms of state violence against the urban destitute and of more subtle modes of domination. Attention to the simultaneous operation of what this paper calls visible fists, clandestine kicks, and invisible elbows in the daily life of the dispossessed serves to a) better integrate violence into the study of popular politics, and b) cast light on the productive (and not merely repressive) nature of state power. Resumen: Punos visibles, patadas clandestinas y codos invisibles: tres formas de regulacion de la pobreza neoliberal En un acercamiento preliminar a la produccion cotidiana de la subordinacion de los pobres urbanos en la Argentina contemporanea, este articulo explora las formas abiertas y encubiertas de violencia estatal contra los mas destituidos y las modalidades mas sutiles de dominacion. Una atencion simultanea a lo que el articulo denomina punos visibles, patadas clandestinas, y codos invisibles en la vida cotidiana de los desposeidos es util a los efectos de: a) integrar la violencia en el estudio de la politica popular, y b) iluminar la naturaleza productiva (y no meramente represiva) del poder estatal.


The aim of this research report is to give an introduction to a specific solid state reaction applied in the field of alkali metal rich transition metal compounds. The approach is an explorative investigation of the oxidation of transition metals with CdO in the presence of alkali metal oxides and / or compounds with complex anions such as Na2SO4. Thereby, a range of unusual compounds have been obtained and structurally characterized. In particular, low valences and uncommon coordination numbers (C.N.) of the late 3d transition metals, as well as interesting varieties in the anionic part of the structures are accessible. The presented examples were selected mainly in order of their inherent aspects concerning the reactivity, structural features or electronic structures.


mechanical oscillator (pendulum system and spiral spring) materials to achieve a higher level of accuracy in relation to a timepiece movement or other instrument of precision.Le spiral spring is composed of a non-magnetic composite fiber material atoms in a polymer matrix, carbon or ceramic, and the balance is also non-ceramic magnetique.Les values of thermal expansion coefficients for the spring and arm are similar, stable, and very small over a wide temperature range. The expansion coefficients of the axial direction of the spring and arm are of opposite signs and they compensate each other. The density of the material is lower than that of commonly used metals. For this combination of materials, it is possible to obtain significant benefits and a higher and more stable than that of metal precision oscillator systems


Background By the end of 2015, epidemiological studies approximated 37 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) and 46.3% of them were initiated to antiretroviral therapies. From the 90-90-90 strategy, by 2020 at global level, 90% of all people living with HIV were expected to suppress viral load (VL). Although VL suppression is an important indicator of treatment success in PLHIV, studies on this indicator remain scarce in Rwanda where the prevalence of HIV is 3% with 9% for non-suppression. This work, thus, determined the prevalence of VL non-suppression and its associated predictors among PLHIV. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 637 PLHIV enrolled in healthcare services between 2016 and 2017 in Nyaruguru district. Socio-demographic, treatment, clinical, immunological and VL data were extracted from medical records. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associated factors with VL suppression considering 95% confidence intervals and statistical significance of p<0.005. Results More than half of participants were female (57.77%). The prevalence of unsuppressed HIV VL was 8.9% and 88.7% of respondents were satisfied with the service provided. Males were more likely to be unsuppressed HIV VL [aOR = 3.02; 95% CI (1.19–7.64), p = 0.02] than females. Higher likelihoods of VL non-suppression were among those with history of clinical failure [aOR = 3.14; 95% CI (1.70–14.03), p = 0.034] or history of treatment interruption [aOR = 8.29; 95% CI (2.60–26.42) p = 0.002]. Those with a bad perception toward the whole life treatment were more likely to be unsuppressed [aOR = 4.32; 95% CI (1.98–18.99), p = 0.049] than their counterparts. Conclusion Sex, treatment interruption, bad perception toward the whole life treatment, clinical failure and lack of confidentiality were the major predictors of being unsuppressed. More efforts on counseling HIV patients to improve their knowledge would drop levels of VL non-suppression, so improving the quality of service should be prioritized to increase suppression.


The modelling and analysis of organizational architectures and processes should be complemented with adequate documentation such as forms, database information, pieces of software, and anecdotal experience. The resulting models are not only more expressive and useful, but may also serve as on-line training vehicles and means for communication in a multi-person environment. They can be seen as multi-level documentation of the underlying architectures and processes, comprising both formal and informal elements, and allowing for the execution of their formal parts.
These concepts are being validated in Macrotec, an environment for organizational modelling and analysis, which is complemented with Hypertec, a hypertext-based component supporting authoring, display and navigation of the documentation that cannot be captured in the formal part of our models. In this paper, we shall discuss Macrotec and Hypertec, illustrate our approach with an example and report on our experience at applying it.


This article does not look into hypothetical forms attributed to a parent or proto-language. It looks into changes of between two or three generations. Too often the assumption is that change in Zulu occurs only in the lexicon or semantic content of words. An attempt is made to show that changes occur in almost all the facets of language, namely, tone, phonology, syntax and the lexicon. Change is viewed as growth rather than as decay. What is regarded as non-standard today, may be regarded as standard form by future generations. The teachers of Zulu of the day ought to approach language change with an open mind because change is the very law of the existence of a language.


This article discusses the solution to the problem of active proppant removal from a hydraulic fracture into the wellbore. To reduce the amount of proppant removed not only at the stages of well development, but also during its operation, it is proposed to compact the proppant pack in the created hydraulic fracture with elastic hydraulic waves, which can be generated using a hydraulic spool vibrator. Well treatment according to the technology described in the article makes it possible to attract additional formation fluid to the working agent during hydraulic vibration treatment in field conditions. The use of this technology when testing an exploration well in an oil field has shown high efficiency in terms of increasing its oil production rate.


Rationale for health-related quality of life measurement The assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQL) is particularly important in chronic diseases, including many neurological conditions, where curative therapies may not be available, and the focus of care is on minimizing the negative impact of the disease and its treatment. This impact can be on any aspect of cognitive, physical, social, sensory or emotional functioning. Epilepsy, for example, has life consequences that extend well beyond the experience of having seizures. The unpredictability of when a seizure occurs is one of the main causes of disability among people with epilepsy. It limits the ability of the individual to drive a motorized vehicle, pilot aircraft, work at heights and many more occupations. Seizures also disrupt hormonal circadian cycles, leading to decreased fertility in women, decreased arousal in both genders and other sexual dysfunctions. In addition to seizures, many patients suffer from the side effects of medication, such as sedation, nausea, weight change, double vision, tremor, cognition and memory problems [1]. Surgical interventions to control intractable seizure activity have additional risks [2]. Epilepsy is also associated with missed school days and academic underachievement in children, increased risk of learning and behavior problems, unor under-employment in adults, restricted social activity, stigma, anxiety and depression for children and adults [3–4]. These outcomes are not well captured in traditional clinical measures such as neurological examination and laboratory or radiological results. Therefore, measures that complement traditional assessments, and directly elicit a patient or caregiver report regarding their experience of the disease and treatment are necessary in order to gain a more complete understanding of how patients are being affected. There are other existing HRQL assessment tools appropriate for use with people who have epilepsy. Generic (i.e., those suitable for use across different clinical and healthy populations) instruments include the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 for adults [5] and the Child Health Questionnaire for children [6]. Some well-validated epilepsy-specific measures for adults are the Well-Being Scale [7], the Liverpool Quality of Life Battery [3], the Quality of Life Assessment Schedule [8], the Epilepsy Surgery Inventory [9] and the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Instruments (86, 31 and 10 item) [10–11]. For children or their parent/proxies, instruments include the Quality of Life in Pediatric Epilepsy [12], the Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire [13], the HRQL measure for Children with Epilepsy [14], the Impact of Childhood Illness Scale [15] and the Impact of Childhood Neurologic Disability Scale [16]. Adolescent self-report measures include the Adolescent Psychosocial Seizure Inventory [17] and the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Instrument–Adolescents [10]. While a review of The impact of neurological disorders on the lives of patients is often far more complex than what is measured in routine examination. Measurement of this impact can be challenging owing to a lack of brief, psychometrically sound and generally accepted instruments. Two NIH-funded initiatives are developing assessment tools, in English and Spanish, which address these issues, and should prove useful to the study and treatment of epilepsy and other neurological conditions. The first, Neuro-QOL, has created a set of health-related quality of life measures that are applicable for people with common neurological disorders. The second, the NIH Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function, is assembling measures of cognitive, emotional, motor and sensory health and function that can be used across all ages, from 3 to 85 years. This article describes both the projects and their potential value to epilepsy treatment and research.


An investigation has been made of the chemical forms assumed by I131 initially in the form of iodide ion at low concentration (the order of 10−7 M) when it is oxidized under various conditions. Oxidation at room temperature in 1f sulfuric acidsolution by dichromate ion or cerium(IV) results in the formation of I2 and three additional, unidentified, chemical fractions which are not readily exchangeable with I−, I2, or IO3 −. Two of the unidentified fractions are extracted from aqueous sulfuric acidsolution by organic solvents, one fraction being converted by aqueous sodium hydroxide to water‐soluble forms exchangeable with I2. At least some of the unidentified fractions probably are the products of reactions between trace impurities, molecular or colloidal, and iodine in an oxidized reactive form such as HIO. These unidentified fractions are quite inert toward oxidation and reduction. When iodide ion at low concentration is treated with a hot sulfuric acidsolution of cerium(IV), the principal product is IO3 −, or a species readily exchangeable with IO3 −. The IO3 − formed in this way is readily reduced at room temperature to I− by a sulfuric acidsolution of iron (II).


Data mining is the process of extracting interesting like non-trivial, implicit, previously unknown and potentially useful information or patterns from large information repositories such as: relational database, data warehouses, XML repository, etc. Data mining is known as one of the core processes of Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD). Association rule mining is a popular and well researched method for discovering interesting relationships among various data items in large databases. The existing system uses only frequent item sets for association rule mining. It may easily cause thrashing when dataset becomes large and sparse. To overcome this spamine algorithm is used here for computation of support values of all possible item sets at each time point and generates their support sequences and compares the generated support time sequences with a given reference sequence and finds similar item sets.


There have been many papers on liquid membrane and solvent polymeric membrane electrodes sensitive to drug substances."2 Most of these electrodes are based on liquid ion-exchangers. One of the disadvantages of these types of electrodes is their short lifetime. This is due to dissolution of the ion exchanger in the membrane into a sample solution, which leads to a decrease in sensitivity of the electrode.3'4 To maintain the sensitivity of the electrode by using more hydrophobic ion exchangers was thought to be one way to solve problem. Recently, two (T.S. and H.K.) of the authors prepared tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (TFPB), which shows high acid-resistivity and has high hydrophobicity.5 TFPB is expected to be an excellent cation exchanger for many kinds of liquid cation exchange membrane electrodes having high sensitivity. In this paper, we briefly report on a highly sensitive new vitamin B1 electrode, which uses TFPB and its analogue with more hydrophobic substituent groups. Experimental


Objective To improve the quality of training for new nurses in operating room by applying learning course supervision tables.Method The learning course supervision tables were applied in the course of one to one tutoring of new nurses in operating rooms.Result The satisfaction degrees of new nurses with their tutors and tutors with new nurses were both 100.00%.Conclusion The learning course supervision tables can improve the quality of clinical teaching effectively.


This article is the result of extension project about printing design based on exploratory research in texts of articles and books, and of tacit knowledge developed in the elaboration of didactic materials and in the classes of Surface Design and Textile Design. The article presents the process of creating prints, starting from sources of creativity and manual drawing, and finalizing them with the use of digital software tools for creating rapport, patterns and color harmonies. The creation of designs for printing with manual techniques and improvement with digital tools, using printing processes, manual or industrial, adds value to the textile surfaces. Patterns, with natural, cultural, geometric or abstract motifs, introduce into textile surfaces decorative effects that are increasingly personalized through the combination of manual designs, digital processing and digital printing.


Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) plays a significant role in the study and analysis of brain cognitive function. Although the existing deep learning methods have shown good performance in fMRI disease classification, these methods have been hindered by insufficient training samples, and they also have the risk of overfitting in classification tasks. In this paper, inspired by the adversarial learning strategy, we propose a data augmentation method for brain functional connectivity (FC). The accuracy of the neural network classifier can be effectively improved by using the augmented data set. We developed a brain functional connectivity generative adversarial network (FC-GAN) for generating the brain functional connectivity patterns. We also briefly trained a FC-GAN to separately generate the control group and the experimental group of a disorder for augmenting the data set. The augmented data set was then used to train a neural network for a classification task. To test the validity of our framework, we performed experiments on three data sets, two diseases – attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) – and finally evaluated the performance by classification. Using our augmented data set, the classifier achieved an improved performance in accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under receiver operating characteristic curve compared to the classification using the original data set. Compared with the currently used generation methods, our method achieved competitive performance. These findings suggest that FC-GAN approaches could augment the data set of brain functional connection in classification task.


A preliminary human health risk assessment of a contaminated site, using the USEPA Superfund procedure, is presented. This procedure has been applied to a residential area constructed over the site of a former timber treatment facility. The chemicals of concern were arsenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil. The assessment covered a residential scenario that included normal activities and activity patterns and focussed on evaluating the potential to harm young children.


Empirical analyses show that the employment effects of start-ups are highest in agglomerations, whereas moderately congested areas exhibit only modest effects, and weak or even no significant effects could be found in rural regions. This paper will set out to show that these discrepancies arise from specific characteristics of urban areas. The magnitude of the employment effects of entry in agglomerations can, therefore, be regarded as a further kind of agglomeration benefit which has not been discussed in the literature yet. In particular, it is explained how the distinct characteristics of urban areas contribute to the emergence of high-quality start-ups that are known to cause larger employment effects than other types of new businesses. In addition, this paper argues that the relatively intense competition in urban areas further stimulates the economic effects of new business formation in agglomerations.


Dengue fever is an infectious tropical disease caused by the Dengue virus. Dengue haemorrhagic fever constitute a substantial health burden on world's population. In thisresearch, an application of optimal control theory to Dengue epidemics using MISER3 was presented. The dynamic model is described by a set of nonlinear ordinary differentialequations, that depend on the dynamics of the Dengue mosquito, the number of infected individuals, and people's motivation to combat the mosquito. The cost functional dependsnot only on the costs of medical treatment of the infected people but also on the costs related to educational and sanitation campaigns. We observe that with currentcomputational tools it is easy to obtain, in an efficient way, better solutions to Dengue problems, leading to a decrease in the number of infected mosquitoes and individuals inless time and with lower costs.


Abstract Although the effects of habitat edges on avian nesting success are well documented for forest ecosystems and for forest-interior species, there is almost no evidence for nonforest, agriculturally dominated landscapes, namely for the matrix of shrubby wetlands and agricultural land. In 1995–1998 I searched for and monitored nests of the Scarlet Rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus) in pristine patches of shrubby wet meadow to evaluate the generality of the "edge effect on nest predation" hypothesis. Predation was the major cause of nest failure, accounting for 92.3% of total nest losses. Microhabitat features of the nest sites were not related to proximity to agricultural edges. The model best describing variation in daily nest-survival rates (DSRs) included nest concealment and distance to agricultural edge. Nest survivorship for the entire nesting period was estimated at 41% (1,143 exposure days, n = 79 nests) for edge nests (<100 m from an edge) and 83% (1,831 exposure days, n = 96) for interior nests, respectively. The DSRs were also consistently higher in large than in small wetland patches. Using habitat-specific demographic parameters, I found that per-capita annual productivity was 66.3% higher in core areas than in edge areas (4.14 and 2.49 fledglings, respectively). Three key components of annual reproductive success—brood size, nest success, and renesting rate—contributed unevenly to variation in site-specific annual per-capita productivity, only the latter two being important predictors. The results indicate that edge habitats may not be perceived as suboptimal by breeding individuals, despite high rates of brood loss there.


e23555 Background: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare cancer involving the peripheral nerve sheath. Even though the 5-year post-surgical resection survival rate is only 30 to 40%, the epidemiology is not well understood, and looking at trends in demographics could provide insight into factors potentially contributing to poor prognosis. A previous National Cancer Database (NCDB) study investigated demographics in pediatric patients with MPNST. This study analyzed NCDB data to investigate the demographics of adults with MPNST. Methods: Adult patients with a histologic diagnosis of MPNST were retrospectively examined in a cohort analysis using demographic information from the NCDB from 2004 – 2020 (N = 414). Regression analysis was used to describe incidence trends. Demographics (age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, income, insurance status, area of residence, facility type, distance from facility, and Charlson-Deyo score) were explored through descriptive statistics. Palliative care enrollment and mortality rate was examined. Results: 414 patients with age > 18 were identified in the NCDB database with a confirmed diagnosis of MPNST between the years 2004 – 2020. There was a slight increase in incidence of patients diagnosed per year (R2 = 0.254). The average age of diagnosis was 47.0 years (SD = 17.2, range = 19 – 88 years) with more males (51.4%) affected than females (48.6%). The most common primary sites were the retroperitoneum (32.4%), spinal cord (24.4%), and cranial nerves (15.0%). A majority of individuals (82.6%) had Charlson-Deyo comorbidity scores of 0. Individuals most commonly affected were White (79.7%) or Black (14.3%), and non-Hispanic (87.4%). Patients most commonly were in the top quartile of household income (31.6%), had private insurance (53.6%), lived in metropolitan counties (83.8%), and received treatment at an academic/research program (62.2%). Patients lived on average 61.6 miles (SD = 145.7, range = 0.5 – 1454.9) from the facility. The 90-day mortality rate post-surgery was 10.5%. The overwhelming majority of patients did not receive palliative care (94.4%). Conclusions: This is the first NCDB analysis on the demographics of MPNST in adults, providing information that bridges the gap in knowledge. This analysis showed that the retroperitoneum was the most common tumor site, and that the average age of diagnosis was 47 years, consistent with previous reports. Patients were most likely to be White, non-Hispanic, upper quartile income earners, privately insured, treated at an academic facility, and live in metropolitan counties. With the majority of patients receiving no palliative care, it's possible that palliative care is underutilized and may benefit MPNST patients given the poor prognosis. Additional research on the relationship between socioeconomic status and palliative care access may provide information on this discrepancy.


Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary system, and accounts for 3% of newly diagnosed tumors. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor plays a key role in treating bladder cancer, among which one of the most serious complications is bladder perforation caused by obturator nerve reflex. Obturator nerve reflex can be prevented by inducing obturator nerve block after lumbar anesthesia. However, No study so far has compared the inhibitory effect of different obturator nerve block approaches on intraoperative obturator nerve reflex and bladder perforation.


China's water pollution is severe and has a negative impact on its residents. Establishing an emissions trading mechanism will be helpful for reducing the pollution. However, the government in China controls the emission rights market. The "GDP Only" preference blocks equitable rules to address the externalities. To modify this distortion, we develop a multi-objective primary distribution model that optimizes economic efficiency, environmental contribution, and fairness. In addition, the geographical location of a company and the industry differential are two key factors that would affect the local government's decision. According to the simulation results using data from Tai Lake in China, this model can effectively help to meet the political expectation that large-scale manufacturers with poor technology can take the initiative to reduce emissions through emission-rights distribution.


Abstract This paper presents an overview of several most commonly used temporal and spectral processing methods for the enhancement of degraded speech. Three major sources of degradation, namely, background noise, reverberation and speech from the competing speakers, have been considered. Temporal processing refers to processing the degraded speech in the time domain, for enhancing the speech components. Spectral processing refers to processing the degraded speech in the frequency domain. After the review, the paper concludes with a summation that considers the possibility of combined Temporal and Spectral Processing (TSP) approach for the enhancement of degraded speech.


This paper examines some of the more recent major blackouts and discusses some of the root causes and dynamics of these events. The paper aims to identify high-level conclusions and recommendations for improving system dynamic performance and reducing the risk of such catastrophic events


Retinal layer thickness, evaluated as a function of spatial position from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images is an important diagnostics marker for many retinal diseases. However, due to factors such as speckle noise, low image contrast, irregularly shaped morphological features such as retinal detachments, macular holes, and drusen, accurate segmentation of individual retinal layers is difficult. To address this issue, a novel interactive computer method for retinal layer segmentation from OCT images is presented. Based on rough initial points selected near the individual retinal layers by the operator, an efficient two-step kernel-based optimization scheme is employed to obtain accurate segmentation results for the individual layers. The performance of the novel algorithm was tested on a set of retinal images acquired in-vivo from healthy and diseased rodent models with a high speed, high resolution OCT system. Experimental results show that the proposed interactive approach provides accurate segmentation for OCT images affected by speckle noise, even in sub-optimal conditions of low image contrast and presence of irregularly shaped structural features in the OCT images. © 2009 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (170.4500) Optical coherence tomography; (100.0100) Image processing; (100.3008) Image recognition, algorithms and filters. (170.4580) Optical diagnostics for medicine References and links 1. D. Huang, E. Swanson, C. Lin, J. Schuman, W. Stinson, W. Chang, M. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. Puliafito, and J. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence tomography," Science, 254: 1178-1181 (1991). 2. A.F. Fercher, "Optical coherence tomography," J. Biomed. Opt., 1: 157 (1996). 3. J. Fujimoto, W. Drexler, J. Schuman, and C. Hitzenberger, "Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in ophthalmology: introduction," Opt Express. 2009 17: 5, 3978-3979 (2009). 4. C. Leung, C. Cheung, R. Weinreb, K. Qiu, S. 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Requeijao cremoso , a type of processed cheese widely consumed by the Brazilian population, may be considered a food source of fat and sodium, two nutrients the consumption of which - when present at high concentrations - may lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Considering the high and frequent consumption of this product in Brazil, it is highly important to develop alternative and healthier food products, such as a requeijao made without the addition of fat and with a reduced sodium content (NFARSR). For that reason, the objective of this study was to develop an optimized NFARSR formulation, by replacing fat by whey protein concentrate (WPC 34%) and reducing the sodium level by replacing 40% sodium chloride (NaCl) by potassium chloride (KCl) and part of the traditional emulsifying salt (Joha S9) - which contains 30.5% sodium - by an emulsifying salt with a sodium level of 8.2% (Joha SK75). The formulation was optimized using a factorial experimental design of the 22 type with two factors (Joha S9 and Joha SK75) and two levels (+1, -1), resulting in a total of 11 treatments. The 11 formulations were evaluated microbiologically and also as to physical-chemical, sensory and instrumental texture parameters using the response surface method. The NFARSR formulation with the best performance was R5, made with a blend of 1.0% JohaS9 and 1.2% Joha SK75.


Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive, multisystem disorder, characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, painful episodes of vaso-occlusion, progressive organ failure and a reduced life expectancy. SCD is the most common monogenetic disease, with millions affected worldwide. It is estimated that there are 100,000 people living with SCD in the United States (US). Patients with SCD often use emergency department (ED) services to obtain medical care. Limited nationwide information in the recent years is available about ED use among patients with SCD.
 Methods: Data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) for the years 2010-2015 were analyzed, to examine the prevalence and care of SCD patients in the EDs across the US. The NHAMCS is a survey of hospital ED and outpatient visits. Cases were identified using ICD 9 codes and all analyses accounted for complex survey structure of the data.
 Results: On average, approximately 1.4 million ED visits were estimated to have occurred between the years 2010 and 2015 with SCD as one of the diagnoses listed, where 860,000 were attributed to sickle cell crises. 37.29% were of female sex while 62.71% were males. 11.62% were under 15 years of age, 28.22% were between 15 and 24 years of age, 51.15% were between the ages of 25 and 44 years and 9.02% were older than 45 years. The chief complaint for the majority of cases was pain. The expected source of payment were Medicare and Medicaid at 30.45% and 41.98% respectively, while private insurance coverage and self-pay were only at 11.71% and 5.81% respectively. Of all SCD ED visits, 68.5% were considered as initial presentations and up to 23.37% were considered as follow-up. 33.31% of the visits ended up needing a hospital admission while 66.69% got discharged from the ED.In 43.39% of the visits, a form of imaging was ordered, compared to 56.61% where it was not. Upon getting triaged in the ED, 67.62% of all SCD visits needed either emergent or urgent medical attention, while the rest were either none-urgent, or a regular check-up.
 Conclusion: In well-resourced countries, like the US, comprehensive care programs have increased life expectancy of sickle cell disease patients, with almost all infants surviving into adulthood. However unfortunately with poor control of the disease due to limited therapeutic options and with growing morbidity for the aging SCD patients, the burden on the medical system becomes extremely high. Our study highlights the significant burden SCD creates in the EDs across the US based on data collected from a national database.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The objective of the study was to evaluate the importance of umbilical stem cells in present scenario. Stem cells are the very foundation of the human body. Every part of our body including blood, bones,..


Peptic ulcer is a common disease in medicine.Most cases can now be treated,but the rate of ulcer recurrence remains high.This article reviews the risk factors of recurrence and measure of prevention in peptic ulcer disease.


This paper investigates how emission taxes or emission permits are suited to incentivize the monopolistic supply of a clean technology if governments are unable to commit to future policies. More precisely, we solve for the Markov perfect Nash equilibrium in this dynamic game and compare the outcomes with the first bests (command and control and open loop or commitment solutions). It turns out, that prices and quantities are equivalent in most but not all of the cases including different kinds of governments: one concerned only about consumers that is harmful for the environment, or one with an additional Leviathan motive. An important exception because of its relevance to energy markets is the case of non-competitive supply of the dirty input, because then taxes dominate clearly permits due the scope of rent shifting but not necessarily as incentive device for the development of clean technologies.


The present invention is a printing plate having relates to a printing apparatus and a pattern forming method using the same, the printing apparatus according to the invention the recess and the convex portion to pattern the printing roller with a pattern material is applied, the pattern material of the printing roller, and, that the pattern material of the patterned printing roller transfer substrate, and removing the pattern material formed on the printing plate, and was washed with a respectively associated film feed roller, a cleaning roller, a film sugeoyong roller for using a dry film for a cleaning of the It includes a device, the film feed rollers, the roller for cleaning, film sugeoyong rollers is enclosed by side walls and upper and lower surfaces of the cleaning apparatus, and the lower surface of the cleaning device open during the washing step of the printing plate , wherein the cleaning roller is characterized by having a wider diameter than the width of the recess has a narrower diameter than that of the printing roller. Cleaning apparatus, a printing method


Abstract Greenhouse transplant production has replaced outdoor plant beds over the last decade resulting in an increased awareness of tobacco seed quality. Although all seeds purchased for greenhou...


Significance Despite the availability of a number of antibiotics and extensive use of the live vaccine bacillus Calmette–Guérin, tuberculosis remains a major global health problem. Antigen 85 is by far the most popular antigen in current clinical trials vaccines. However, a recent failure of a virus-based vaccine expressing antigen 85 emphasizes the continued need for identifying antigens, testing their protective efficacy, and learning from this process to develop a protective vaccine. The H65 vaccine demonstrates that it is possible to develop antigen 85-free vaccines that does not interfere with current immune-based diagnostic assays. A central goal in vaccine research is the identification of relevant antigens. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis chromosome encodes 23 early secretory antigenic target (ESAT-6) family members that mostly are localized as gene pairs. In proximity to five of the gene pairs are ESX secretion systems involved in the secretion of the ESAT-6 family proteins. Here, we performed a detailed and systematic investigation of the vaccine potential of five possible Esx dimer substrates, one for each of the five ESX systems. On the basis of gene transcription during infection, immunogenicity, and protective capacity in a mouse aerosol challenge model, we identified the ESX dimer substrates EsxD-EsxC, ExsG-EsxH, and ExsW-EsxV as the most promising vaccine candidates and combined them in a fusion protein, H65. Vaccination with H65 gave protection at the level of bacillus Calmette–Guérin, and the fusion protein exhibited high predicted population coverage in high endemic regions. H65 thus constitutes a promising vaccine candidate devoid of antigen 85 and fully compatible with current ESAT-6 and culture filtrate protein 10-based diagnostics.


The aim of this work is to calculate ion-ion interaction, density of organic-aqueous mixtures of Acetonitrile-water (AN-H2O), density of saturated solutions of BDPA, salvation volumes (Van der Waals volume VM, molar volume VM and electrostriction volume Ve) and solvated radii (ro) from solubility experiments. It was found that values of the log activity coefficient (γ+) of BDPA in (AN-H2O) mixture were decreases by increasing in the content of the organic solvent used. The values of the log γ+ found to decrease with the increase in temperature. The densities and the molar volumes of the saturated solutions of BDPA decrease by increasing ratio of AN and also increases by increasing in temperature. All the electrostriction volumes calculated for BDPA having negative values. The electrostriction volumes increase in negativity on increasing the percentages of the organic solvent. The solvated radii of BDPA are increased as the organic solvent content increase and as the temperature increase.


Mucuna bean (Mucuna pruriens) (MB) has been proposed as a green manure and cover crop in smallholder agricultural systems in the southeastern Mexican state o...


This book deals with the identification of the aggressor state under International Law. This issue raises a deceptively easy question, that is, how does one distinguish the aggressor state from the victim state in situations involving the unilateral use of force? In a straightforward situation where state A attacks state B without any provocation, it is clear that state A is the aggressor. However, confusion begins to arise when state A first attacks state B as a form of 'anticipatory' self-defence; or when state A first attacks state B as a form of 'pre-emptive' self-defence; or when state A attacks state B in order to prevent state B from committing gross human rights atrocities against its own nationals. In all of these latter situations, the current rules are unclear and therefore either make it impossible to distinguish between the aggressor state and the victim state or give the aggressor state an unfair advantage over the victim state. This book utilizes general principles of Criminal Law in an attempt to tackle these questions and ultimately to devise a solution for distinguishing between the aggressor and the victim state regardless of the circumstances. Attention has also been given to the field of international relations.


One-phase models of rebar corrosion have been widely used by practising engineers to predict the volume of rust and the time to cracking of the concrete cover, but the models have only considered t...


The study of stability problems of functional equations was motivated by a question of S. M. Ulam asked in 1940. Therst result giving answer to this question is due to D.H. Hyers. Subsequently, his result was extended and generalized in several ways. In this paper we prove some hyperstability results for the equation g( ax + by) + g( cx + dy) = Ag( x) + Bg( y) on restricted domain. Namely, we show, under some weak natural assumptions, functions satisfying the above equation approximately (in some sense) must be actually solutions to it.


The introvert type is reliably the largest group of all people with the syndrome of cardiac connective tissue dysplasia. They typically demonstrate emotional instability and high personal uneasiness. High frequency of revealing of disorder of emotional sphere in patients with minor anomalies of heart proves that transformation of emotional intensity in psychosomatic frustration (neurosis) is possible on the one hand; on the other, psychological factors influence the risk of development and aggravation of the available cardial pathology.


ORCID Michele Buonomo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1688-8297 Jenna L. Ruggiero https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3525-7001 Erin Warshaw https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-0656 REFERENCES 1. Frampton JE, Wagstaff AJ. Azelaic acid 15% gel: in the treatment of papulopustular rosacea. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2004;5(1):57-64. 2. Gupta AK, Gover MD. Azelaic acid (15% gel) in the treatment of acne rosacea. Int J Dermatol. 2007;46(5):533-538. 3. Linauskiene K, Isaksson M. Allergic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde mimicking impetigo and initiating rosacea. Contact Dermatitis. 2018;78(5): 359-361. 4. Darrigade AS, Dendooven E, Aerts O. Contact allergy to fragrances and formaldehyde contributing to papulopustular rosacea. Contact Dermatitis. 2019;81(5):395-397. 5. Warshaw EM, Baker DR. Positive patch test reactions to retapamulin ointment in two patients. Dermatitis. 2009;20(4):220-221.


Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus is defined as an autoimmune multisystemic disease, characterized by a bewildering array of autoantibodies, particularly antinuclear antibodies. Usually has an acute or insidious onset, and is considered as a chronic disease with remission and relapse episodes. It is clinically characterized, mainly, by injuries of the skin, joints, kidneys and serous membranes, although it is known that can affect any organ of the body.
Objectives: To determine the most prevalent clinical features more prevalent in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Methodology: A retrospective case series study, in which 34 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients medical records were reviewed from January 2008 to December 2010.Results: There is a female predominance in 96%(32) of the cases with an age range between 18 and 78 years and an average of 38 years. Arthralgia and weight loss are the most common manifestations showing 44% (15) and 62% (21) respectively. Only 59% of patients met the criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Antinuclear antibody is the most frequently altered test in 98% (33).Conclusions: The most frequent clinical and medical condition of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is arthralgia, described in 44% of the patients; the most common clinical sign is weight loss (62%). In patients with those manifestations, there must be a high clinical suspicion for the disease.


Part 1 Deutschlandpolitik and the aim of reunification: the aims of Deutschlandpolitik contradictions between the theory and practice the contradictions and limitations of Deutschlandpolitik German unity as an objective of the Basic Law the European dimension of German unity. Part 2 Structural defects of "real socialism" - causes and antecedents of the crisis. Part 3 The collapse of the old system: prelude to the crisis the end of the Honecker era the end of a state party. Part 4 Dual rule: the GDR before the election the role of the Volkskammer and the Modrow government the round table the "government of national responsibility". Part 5 Transition to democracy: "We are the people" - the citizens movements forming a democratic party system new parties and electoral alliances elections and voting behaviour. Part 6 Political controversy at home: the controversies surrounding the new East German constitution the State Treaty on currency, economic and social union the unification treaty. Part 7 Political culture in transition - a new society and its heritage: authoritarian political culture the Leninist heritage the federal republic as a model. Part 8 Revolt and resignation - the painful farewell to socialism.


Abstract : This report covers the second and third series of firing tests of 40mm barrel Type A Mod. 14 Serial No. 17 with short molybdenum liner (Westinghouse No. BL 338). The liner was of lined worm construction consisting of 33 segments. The second segment which begins at about 12.125 in. from the breech face is made from one piece of molybdenum without the supporting steel ring. The molybdenum rings contained 0.2% cobalt forged discs having improvement in mechanical properties over previous molybdenum liners. The purpose of this test was to determine whether or not the subject barrel could withstand extended rapid-fire bursts using a hot propellant.


Commentators on the Trachiniae, when dealing with Heracles' second request of Hyllus, normally take it that the dying hero asks his son to marry Iole, Heracles' concubine. Such a request on the part of any Greek in Heracles' situation would be puzzling. It is specially so on the part of Heracles, who has not been notable in the drama up to this point for tenderness to his womenfolk, having given no consideration to Deianeira's sentiments in the matter of his liaison with Iole, and less to Iole's, in that he has sacked her city, slain her kinfolk, and enslaved herself. Albrecht von Blumenthal expresses the bewilderment which all who have read the passage in this light must initially have felt: 'Warum Herakles den widerstrebenden Sohn zur Erfüllung dieses mit hellenischer Sitte unvereinbaren Vermächtnisses durch die schrecklichsten Drohungen zwingt, ist ein noch nicht enträtseltes Geheimnis des Sophokles.' Explanations must be sought.


To obtain the characteristics of critical exploding and firing current of micro-scale semiconductor bridge(MSCB)under constant-current incentive,the energy conversion component MSCB and firing device composed of MSCB and lead trinitro resorcinate(LTNR)are researched.The voltage and current signals across the MSCB under different currents are recorded by a fast digital oscilloscope.The critical exploding and firing current is obtained by the D-optimization.The experimental phenomena show that the solid state is MSCB's stabilization,the melting temperature is the explosive point and the critical firing of firing device is electrothermal firing.A steady conduction model of the MSCB is established based on the Fourier heat conduction theory.The theoretical calculation formulas of the critical exploding current and critical firing current are derived.The critical exploding current is inversely proportional to the square root of the MSCB resistance and proportional to the one-fourth power of the bridge area.The experimental data demonstrate the rationality and feasibility of the theoretical calculation formulas.


Apprenticeship is a viable but an under used solution for the problems of training affecting the industrial community, employment, and consequently national development. This paper highlighted through a review of literature and an empirical study how the apprenticeship mode of training can be adapted to meet the challenges of manpower development in Nigeria in the next decades.


Finite element model(FEM)of the embedded co-cured perforated damping layer composite structure(ECPDLCS)was developed,and the improved mode strain energy method to predict the mode loss factor was presented.The FEM simulation results were verified by experiment data,which indicates the method and model proposed by this paper was valid.The valid model and method was employed to investigate the effects of the damping layer thickness,punch diameter and spacing on the mode loss factor and natural frequency of the embedded co-cured perforated damping layer composite structure.The impact of punch diameter and spacing on dynamics characteristics in the same damping layer area ratio was also explored.The result shows that the increasing of damping layer thickness and reducing of diameter and/or spacing can enhance mode loss factor,however the mode frequency is decreased.Under the same damping layer area ratio,the mode loss factor is rose and the mode frequency is decreased with the increasing of diameter and spacing.The conclusion is very important for the theoretical prediction of the dynamics characteristics of the ECPDLCS.


Foreword: Asia's Changing Legal and Judicial Landscape Tom Ginsburg List of Contributors List of Figures and Tables Introduction Setsuo Miyazawa, Weidong Ji, Hiroshi Fukurai, Kay-Wah Chan and Matthias Vanhullebusch part 1 Emerging Judicial Stratifications in Legal Profession The Development and Prospect of Legal Aid in China's Criminal Trial Weimin Zuo Stratification or Diversification? 2011 Survey of Young Lawyers in Japan Setsuo Miyazawa, Atsushi Bushimata, Keiichi Ageishi, Akira Fujimoto, Rikiya Kuboyama and Kyoko Ishida part 2 War Crimes and Their Legacies in the Post-Colonial Era Justice Delayed: Post-Colonial Hauntings in the Khmer Rouge Tribunal Hybrid Court System Yvonne Y. Kwan "Post-Colonial" Legal Interpretation in Macau, China: Between European and Chinese Influences Denis de Castro Halis The Right to Truth and the Legacies of World War II: A Way Forward for China? Matthias Vanhullebusch part 3 Citizens' Participation in the Justice System China's Lay Participation in the Justice System: Surveys and Interviews of Contemporary Lay Judges in Chinese Courts Zhuoyu Wang and Hiroshi Fukurai What's Happening in the Jury Room? Analyzing Shadow Jury Deliberation in Korea Jae-Hyup Lee, Jisuk Woo, June Woong Rhee, Jeong Min Choi and Hyunki Shin Outlook and Contents of the "Civil Tribunal System" as Proposed by the Japan Federation of Bar Associations (JFBA) Harumi Takebe part 4 Gender and Law Changes in Gender Composition and the Future of Gender Balance in the Legal Professions in Korea Haesook Kim Gender, Law and Legal Professions in China Xiaonan Liu part 5 Environmental Justice and Legal Culture China's Past, Present and Future Approach to Climate Change Patricia Blazey and Xiangbai He Thailand's Climate Policy and Law in the Making: Can the Tradition of Thai Civil Law Cope with Climate Governance? Kridtiyaporn Wongsa Legal Instrumentalism in China: The Case of Hukou Legislation in Beijing and Shenzhen Qiqi Fu and Paola Pasquali Invisible People, Pollution, and Places: Nuclear Contamination on the Tibetan Plateau, Himalayan Rivers, and Water Users Abigail Brown Bibliography Author Index Subject Index


The objective of this study was to determine the effects of temperature,light and sowing depth on newly seed germination of switchgrass(Panicum virgatum cv.Alamo) planting in the Beijing for 3 years,which was introduced from the United States in 2005.The resulted of this study showed that the temperatures from 30 ℃ to 35 ℃ encouraged the seeds to germinate faster,and increased the maximum germination percentage,germination vigor,germination index when compared to the low temperature from 20 ℃ to 25 ℃ and the high temperature with 40 ℃.The light and darkness treatments did not affect the germination percentage of Alamo seeds,but encouraged the seeds to germinate faster and increased the germination vigor and germination index.The treatments of differently sowing depths,from 2 mm to 16 mm,were very uniform and efficient since they not only encouraged the seeds to emerge but also increased the emergence percentage and emergence index of switchgrass seeds in comparison with 0 and 32 mm sowing depths.


Site U1377 (prospectus Site LOUI-4B) on Hadar Guyot (168.6°W Guyot) was the sixth and final site completed during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 330 (Fig. F1). Hadar Guyot, the youngest seamount targeted during Expedition 330, has a measured 40Ar/39Ar age of 50.1 Ma (Koppers et al., 2011), similar to that of Koko Seamount in the Hawaiian-Emperor Seamount Trail. Hadar Guyot shows no evidence of tilting and, together with another small guyot (located northeast at 168.3°W) and one of the largest guyots (located southeast at 168.0°W), forms a cluster of seamounts in the Louisville Seamount Trail that formed on top of the Wishbone Scarp (Fig. F1). Hadar Guyot is the smallest seamount cored during Expedition 330, consisting of a single volcanic center with a base diameter of ~25 km. Like all Louisville Seamounts drilled, it has a flat summit plain, defining it as a guyot that at some point must have emerged above sea level as a volcanic island. Site U1377 was placed near the middle of this small edifice (Fig. F2), away from its shelf edges and any packages of dipping volcaniclastics on its flanks. The approach is similar to that used for Sites U1375 and U1376, but contrary to that used for Sites U1372, U1373, and U1374, which targeted in particular volcaniclastic rocks from the flank sequences. Side-scan sonar reflectivity and 3.5 kHz subbottom profiling data indicate that Site U1377 is covered with <8 m of pelagic sediment, and seismic reflection profiles suggest that this site is characterized by a 52 m thick section of dipping volcaniclastics overlying igneous basement.


Scan electron micrographs (SEM) show the textures of ball clay, plastic refractory clay, flint clay, and of kaolins from Cornwall, U.K., and Brittany, France. The texture of ball clay is a swirl and ragged-flake pattern. Plastic refractory clay shows a transition in texture from ball clay to plastic, semi-plastic, to semi-flint, and flint-clay. Flint-clay texture exhibits a matrix of tiny, compactly interlocked clay grains in which may be interspersed small, tight books and sheaves of kaolinite. The plastic to flint clays are interpreted to be sequential components of the flint-clay facies. In one sense they represent elements in clay diagenesis.Kaolins from the Cornwall district, U.K., and Brittany, France, show more similarity than dissimilarity in texture. Evidence from texture suggests that while hydrothermal action at Cornwall initiated alteration of the granite, the last significant process of kaolinization there was weathering.


A case diagnosed by sputum cytology as hepatoma is reported. Two kinds of carcinoma cells were observed. One comprised very atypical and like adenocarcinoma cells, and the other, those not so atypical but containing cytoplasmic droplets, and granular pigments which were stained green by Papanicolaou stainning.It was confirmed by autopsy that these cells were hepatoma cells. Well differentiated hepatoma cells can be diagnosed cytologically, and intracytoplasmic bile pigments are pathognomonic for hepatoma.


We report on 1/B-periodic magnetoresistance oscillations in a two-dimensional electron system induced by microwave irradiation. They are only present in high mobility samples when an initial light pulse has created a persistent photoconductive channel in the adjacent donor layer. The oscillations manifest a geometric commensurability between the electron cyclotron orbit and a steady-state periodic density modulation. The latter may originate from the non-linear dynamical screening of a surface acoustic wave potential in the persistent photoconductive channel, triggered by the incident monochromatic microwave.


Early developmental exposures involve epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, that influence subsequent health outcomes. We quantified CpG methylation (%5‐methylated cytosines, 5mC) of long interspersed nucleotide elements (LINE)‐1, an indicator of global DNA methylation, in blood DNA samples from 97 participants of an ongoing schoolchildren cohort in Bogota, Colombia, and examined its associations with sociodemographic factors and child growth. Mean age was 9.6 y; 49% were boys. Mean %5mC was 80.3% (range=71.0, 88.3). %5mC was 1.7% higher in boys than girls (P=0.01); it was inversely associated with birth weight (−0.1% per 100 g, P=0.01) and with current maternal BMI <18.5 kg/m2 (−2.2% vs. normal BMI, P=0.003). In longitudinal analyses over a median 2.5 y follow‐up, LINE‐1 methylation inversely predicted height and BMI growth velocities in boys (−0.1 cm/y, P=0.05; and −0.03 kg/m2/y, P=0.02, per 1 %5mC, respectively), but not in girls. These results highlight the importance of sex‐specific analyses when evaluating epigenetic effects. Future studies should consider analyses of gene‐specific methylation profiles to better understand the functional consequences of global hypomethylation on child health.


Advanced motions, which utilize footholds on walls, offer considerably more opportunities for hexapods in accessing confined environment. However, there has been no research on the practical application of such motions on a hexapod. These motions are kinematically viable for the standard hexapod design with three degrees of freedom per leg but the joint requirements have yet to be identified. This article presents the motion analysis for two forms of advanced motion, wall walking and chimney walking, to study the joint requirement for executing such motions. The analysis has been verified through a series of experiments demonstrating that a hexapod with a standard design is capable of executing advanced motions.


We present two methods to generate an electromagnetic dark and antidark partially coherent source. The first generalizes a recently published scalar approach by representing the stochastic electric field vector components as sums of randomly weighted, randomly tilted plane waves. The second method expands the field's vector components in series of randomly weighted dark and antidark coherent modes. The statistical moments of the random weights—plane waves in the former method, coherent modes in the latter—are found by comparing the resulting means and covariances to those of the desired electromagnetic dark and antidark source. We validate both methods by simulating the generation of an electromagnetic dark or antidark source and comparing the simulated results to the corresponding theoretical predictions. We find that both methods converge to the theoretical, ensemble-averaged (long-time-averaged) statistics within roughly 500 random field instances. The methods presented in this paper will find use in applications that utilize dark and antidark beams, e.g. atomic optics and optical trapping.


Forging die design is heavily dependent on engineers' experiences. But traditional Al technologies can barely provide a standard knowledge representation style for knowledge transferring. This paper introduces ontology into forging die design. 3-layer forging die design ontology is built, which includes Meta-ontology, Domain-ontology and Bottom ontology. Further, by conceptualization, the concepts and their relations are formally addressed by primitives such as Term, Relation and Function etc, which are explicitly expressed by concept tree. Bottom ontology uses Knowledge Item and Prototype to represent and capture general knowledge for knowledge reuse and share. Forging die design ontology building approach is discussed for standard knowledge representation, knowledge mine and knowledge driven CAD design etc. And OWL language is employed for integration among different domain ontologies integration. Finally a locomotive forging die KBE system is presented to demonstrate this approach.


We discuss Markov models now. These have relevance in a few ways: 1. Markov models are a good way to model local, overlapping sets of information, which reflect cues to our understanding of regions. 2. Markov chains provide a stochastic model of diffusion that applies to individual particles, which gives us the foundation for diffusion we've studied. 3. This stochastic diffusion also provides a useful model of the spread of information throughout an image. We will start by discussing the most simple Markov model, a Markov chain. We have already talked about these a little, since diffusion of a single particle can be thought of as a Markov chain. We can also use Markov chains to model contours, and they are used, explicitly or implicitly, in many contour-based segmentation algorithms. One of the key advantages of 1D Markov models is that they lend themselves to dynamic programming solutions. In a Markov chain, we have a sequence of random variables, which we can think of as describing the state of a system, x 1 , x 2 , x n. What makes them Markov is a conditional independence property that says that each state only depends on the previous state. That is: Diffusion of a single particle offers us a simple example of this. Let x i be the position of a particle at time i. Suppose at each time step, the particle jumps either one unit to the left or right, or stays in the same place. We can see that x i depends on x i−1 , but that if we know x i−1 the previous values of x are irrelevant. We can also see that this is a stochastic version of the deterministic diffusion we've studied. If there are many particles, we can use the law of large numbers to assume that a fixed fraction of them jump to the left and right. Remember that we saw that the position x i will have a Gaussian distribution for large i, because of the central limit theorem. Many physical processes can be modeled as Markov chains, because this just means that the new state only depends on the previous state. We can also use diffusion as a model of contour shape. This can be done according to the following equations: ˙ x = cos θ (1) ˙ y = sin θ (2) ˙ θ = ˆ κ(0, σ 2 …


Aggregation-induced emissions of polymetalloles have been investigated since they are very attractive in their possible optoelectronic applications such as P-LED`s and Sensors. Size of nanoparticulates was measured by using scanning electron micrograph and was about 200-300 nm. Phenylmethylpolysilane (PMPS) and polymetalloles emit the light at 360 nm and 520 nm, respectively. However, the aggregates of polymetallole containing PMPS exhibit an enhanced emission band at 520 nm, indicating that the energy transfer occurs from PMPS to polymetalloles in aggregates. Emission intensity of PMPS/polymetallole nanoparticulates at 520 nm increases depending on the aliquot of PMPS.


The constructive approach argues that cultural identity determines ethnicity through the dominance of social, political and economic factors. This approach was formed thanks to the theories of M. Weber, E. Durkheim and K. Marx. The purpose is to conduct a pedagogical study on the formation of information and cognitive competence of a multilingual personality of a student of the Aktobe Regional State University named after K. Zhubanov, 3 courses, pedagogical specialties. The research methodology is the theory of I.V. Leushina. The survey data showed the percentage of students that use various IT services for independent learning of foreign languages (audio podcasts, video podcasts) and various online applications of a general nature (LinguaLeo, Duolingo, etc.). The results revealed a fairly high motivation of students to use IT tools in foreign language classes. Within the framework of the formed educational competencies, recommended by the state standard of higher education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, it is necessary to highlight information and cognitive.

Keywords: foreign language, IT services, information competence, multilingual personality, formation


The Fradkin-Schwinger functional methods to represent a Green function in an external gravitational field are used to study the eikonal and the next-to-eikonal limit, including the nonlinear gravitational interactions, of the scattering amplitudes of an ultra-relativistic scalar particle on a static super-massive scalar target in the nearly forward limit. The functional approach confirms the exponentiation of the leading eikonal which also applies to the first non-leading power in the energy of the light particle, moreover includes the interaction at impact parameter much larger than the Schwarzschild radius associated with the center of mass energy in the ultra-relativistic limit.


The structure and principle of magnetic value are demonstrated.The application of 2-position 3-way NC and universal magnetic value,2-position 5-way single coil and double coil magnetic value which pneumatic values involve in interlock in 100kt/a organic silicon monomer project are introduced.Some pieces of advice and attention are also presented.


Choosing fusion tags to enhance the recombinant protein levels in the cytoplasm of Bacillus subtilis has been limited. Our previous study demonstrated that His‐tag at the N‐terminus could increase the expression levels of the low‐expression gene egfp, while significantly reducing the high‐expression genes gfp+ and bgaB in the cytoplasm of B. subtilis. In this study, we aimed to prove the potential of a fusion tag, the combination of the N‐terminal domain of B. subtilis lysyl tRNA synthetase (LysSN) and His‐tag with varying numbers of histidine (6xHis, 8xHis, 10xHis) by investigating their effects on the expression levels of egfp, gfp+ and bgaB in B. subtilis. For the low‐expression gene, LysSN‐xHis‐tag could enhance the fluorescent intensity of EGFP 23.5 times higher than EGFP without a fusion tag, and 1.5 times higher than that fused with only His‐tag. For high‐expression genes, the expression level of BgaB and GFP+ was 2.9 and 12.5 times higher than that of His‐tag, respectively. The number of histidines in LysSN‐xHis‐tag did not influence the expression levels of the high‐expression genes but affected the expression levels of the low‐expression gene.


"We want neither gods nor emperors", went the words from the Chinese version of The Internationale. Students sang the old socialist song as they gathered in Beijing's Tiananmen Square in the Spring of 1989. Craig Calhoun, a sociologist who witnessed the monumental event, offers a vivid, carefully crafted analysis of the student movement, its complex leadership, its eventual suppression, and its continuing legacy.


Abstract. In an earlier paper, Kinber and Stephan posed an open problem about whether every class of languages, which can be identified strong monotonically, can also be identified by a set-driven machine. This question is solved in this paper. The answer to the question depends on whether the machines are required to be total or not! The solution of this result uncovers a finer gradation of the notion of setdrivenness.


It has been extensively proved that a threshold in D/Pd concentration must be overcome to observe the heat excess production phenomenon. However, it is very difficult to obtain Pd samples with an high loading ratio in a reproducible way, then the actual reproducibility of the cold fusion experiments is critical. We will show that strong concentration gradients arise in the material during the loading procedure so that permanent deformation can be produced. Loading dynamic and metallurgical parameters will both affect strongly the ultimate loading ratio achievable. Thus a loading procedure has been selected such as to avoid the anaelastic strains of the a-P phase, and its consequence in terms of elastic parameters has been evaluated. We studied, both experimentally and theoretically, the influence of Pd microstructure and dislocations on the loading ratio in order to select the material that better matches the cold fusion experiments requirements.


Two siblings with infantile lactic acidosis and mitochondrial myopathy are reported from the Department of Pediatrics, Goteborg University; Ostra Hospital; Goteborg, Sweden.


In order to overcome these shortcomings,such as the traditional algorithms could not locate boundary exactly and needed too many manual work,this paper proposed a novel ROI segmentation method using region growing.Firstly,this algorithm used the modified Canny algorithm detecting the boundary cursorily,and then carried out region growing using the gray values and texture information of ROI.For carrying out region growing well,the algorithm analyzed the gray value and texture of each pixel in ROI,and proposed growing rule based on vector operation and gray value judgment.The experimental results show that the new method not only can segment the complex and abnormal regions in medical images,but also has great robustness and practicality.


Abstract Secondary production of the amphipod Synchelidium lenorostralum was examined on a temperate sandy shore, southern Korea, on the basis of monthly samples from July 1996 to June 1997. Secondary production was estimated by the size-frequency method. Biomass structure showed two peaks in fall and spring, with maximum biomass in April. Biomass in the spring breeding period was higher than that in the fall. The annual secondary production of S. lenorostralum was 1.09 g DW m−2 yr−1 with an annual P/B ratio of 5.68. Secondary production of S. lenorostralum fell within the range observed for other amphipods from intertidal sandy shores, whereas the P/B ratio was higher than that recorded previously. The combination of high abundance and a high P/B ratio suggests an important role for S. lenorostralum in the sandy shore ecosystem as a trophic link from primary producers to higher consumers.