Abstract Animal and human studies have shown an association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and insulin secretion and sensitivity. Accordingly, an association between 25(OH)D and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is to be expected, and this was tested for in the present study. The Tromsø Study is a longitudinal population-based study initiated in 1974. In the sixth Tromsø Study conducted in 2007–2008, 12,984 subjects aged 30–87 years attended. After exclusion of current smokers and subjects with diabetes, the dataset consisted of 8643 subjects available for the present analyses. The correlation between serum 25(OH)D and HbA1c was −0.07 (p < 0.001). This association remained significant in a multiple linear regression model after adjustment for covariates gender, age, month of blood sampling, body mass index (BMI), physical activity score, serum triglycerides (TG), serum calcium and haemoglobin, and persisted across categories of gender, age, BMI and TG. The association appears to be most pronounced in the oldest, the obese and in those with the highest TG levels. Seasonal variation was found both for serum 25(OH)D and HbA1c with highest serum 25(OH)D levels and lowest HbA1c levels during summer months. In conclusion, there is a significant inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and HbA1c after adjustment for known confounders. The association is most pronounced in subjects with risk factors for glucose intolerance/type 2 diabetes. In a sub-analysis on subjects with diabetes the association between serum 25(OH)D and HbA1c appeared even stronger with a difference in HbA1c of 0.48 % between the highest and lowest serum 25(OH)D quartiles.


Introduction: Female adolescents are a group that is prone to anemia due to puberty, experiencing menstruation, and an inappropriate diet. Community service activities aim to increase the understanding of young women about anemia to be able to make prevention efforts.
Methods: Community service activities are carried out through webinars with a zoom platform. Activities include lectures, and interactive discussions, interspersed with fun games. A total of 32 teenagers participated in the activity until the end. The media used during the activity was in the form of presentation slides. Evaluation is done by asking open-ended questions and the opportunity to provide feedback to the participants.
Results: Teenagers enthusiastically participated in the webinar on anemia discussion. Adolescents can mention the meaning, causes, signs and symptoms, and efforts to overcome anemia. Teenagers are interested in consuming COO-BIT! which is introduced.
Conclusion: The teenagers understand anemia prevention and are committed to paying attention to healthy nutritional intake after participating in the discussion terrace. Teenagers are motivated to take care of their health.
Keywords:  Adolescent; anemia; behavior; gender equality; prevention


The number of image-guided percutaneous interventions being performed, including tissue biopsies, fluid aspiration, and catheter insertions, has increased markedly. The rising popularity of these procedures is due to their less invasive nature and lower risk compared with surgery, their high diagnostic accuracy, and the substantial cost savings they provide.


Objective To study and analysis the acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning combination of respiratory failure reasons,for clinical rescuing patients with acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning offer help.Methods Retrospective analysis of 69 cases of severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning combination of respiratory failure cases.Results The rescue organophosphorus pesticide poisoning first step was to restore effective ventilation,improve the lack of oxygen,make necessary endotracheal intubation,in order to improve the success rate of rescue.Conclusion Correct analysis of respiratory failure,timely mechanical ventilation support can effectively improve the organophosphorus pesticide poisoning rescue success rate.


Lack of knowledge of the normal range of anatomical variations has been linked to medical errors and malpractice. Some medical residency programs suggest earlier training in anatomical variations, yet integration of variations at the undergraduate medical education (UME) level is poorly understood. We surveyed medical schools to determine the inclusion of anatomical variations in anatomy curricula and to gauge attitudes towards the value of such training. Online survey requests were sent to anatomy teaching faculty at 119 of the 132 accredited allopathic medical schools in the USA for which contact details were available online. The IRB‐exempt anonymous survey contained 35 questions divided into 4 main sections: 1) Likert scale questions rating the perceived importance of 74 specific anatomical variations in 8 categories (skeletal, muscular, arterial, venous, nervous, organ, miscellaneous, relationship); participants also reported whether each variation is taught at their institution, 2) forced‐choice questions asking how variations are taught and assessed, 3) Likert scale questions evaluating faculty perceptions of the importance of anatomical variations to UME and medical training in general, and 4) forced‐choice and open‐ended questions capturing faculty and school demographics. One‐way ANOVA with Tukey pairwise post‐hoc tests compared perceived importance ratings across variation categories. To‐date, responses were received from 29 faculty, representing 24.4% of schools contacted (22% of MD schools nationally). Nearly half of respondents (45%) have taught anatomy 25+ years, and 86% are PhD‐trained anatomists who are current course/block directors. Of the categories surveyed, relationship variations were rated highest in perceived importance (weighted average = 4.2 ±0.36), while muscular variations were rated lowest (2.7 ±0.37). ANOVA results showed significant differences between categories (p < 0.001), while post‐hoc tests found significantly higher perceived importance ratings for the relationship variation category compared to skeletal (p = 0.001), muscular (p < 0.001), venous (p < 0.001), and miscellaneous categories (p = 0.001). Anatomy faculty identified 2 relationship variations as most crucial: femoral triangle order (average rating = 4.6 ±0.63, taught by 85%), and brachial plexus composition (average = 4.6 ±0.64, taught by 93%). While survey results highlight extensive variability in the inclusion of variations in medical anatomy, students are formally tested on variations in 52% of schools surveyed. More than half of faculty surveyed (58.2%) ranked dissection as the primary way students are exposed to variations. There is strong consensus among faculty of the overall benefit of learning about variations (average = 4.2 ±0.8), with UME noted as the best time to introduce this topic (average = 4.1 ±1.0) versus during residency (average = 2.2 ±1.15) or in clinical practice after residency (average = 1.4 ±0.78). Although medical school curricula vary in their emphasis on anatomical variations, anatomy teaching faculty appear to strongly value the integration of variations at the UME level. Survey results will guide the creation of an interactive educational resource to enhance student awareness of the range of normal anatomical variations, with a focus on variations in anatomical relationships, which may boost preparation for clinical practice and reduce medical errors.


Theobjective of our study was to assess the incidence ofreinfection and new ulceration events after demonstratedHelicobacter pylori eradication, in a cohort of patientswith recurrent duodenal ulcers.Materials and MethodsWe followed up the natural history of duodenal ulcerdisease in 115 patients (83 males, mean age 54.8 years).All of them had a previous diagnosis of recurrent duodenalulcer documented by endoscopy, and associated H. pyloriinfection as shown by histology and serology.The starting point of the study was considered theconfirmed eradication of the bacterium and DU absence atthree months after the end of antibiotic treatment. Eachpatient underwent the monitoring scheme at 6, 12 and 24months after the starting point.The presence of Helicobacter pylori infection wasjudged: 1) by histology (Giemsa staining) on biopsiesobtained during endoscopy from the antrum and thefundus; and 2) by measuring specific IgG antibodiesagainst H. pylori by a commercial enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA).


This paper aims to clarify some of the ideas and meanings of exogeneity in econometric models. The paper attempts to achieve this objective in two ways. The first way is to briefly review some relevant literature on exogeneity, causality and cointergration and examine how each concept affects the others. The second way is to provide an application of a formal test of exogeneity for a real M3 money‐income system in New Zealand. The results indicate that estimation of the New Zealand money‐income system suffers from endogeneity problems, possibly because in this application money is broadly defined.


A series of 155 cases of differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid have been initially operation on at the institution, and 53 out of these 155 cases which had a minute carcinoma of the thyroid were subjected to a clinicopathological study, An average age was 53 and there were three men and 50 women. We have employed subtotal thyroidectomy with R1 lymph node dissection of the neck as the standard procedure. Histologically, 50 cases had a papillary carcinoma and the remaining three had a follicular carcinoma. Lymph node metastasis was observed in 42% of the subjects, and 25% of them had tumor invasion into the surrounding tissue. The 10 year survival rate of patients with minute thyroid carcinoma except those who died of other disease, however, was a good as 100%. Complications such as imparied thyroid function, tetany, and hoarse were noted in 42%, 6%, and 3%, respectively. It is thought that even conservation surgery consisting of lobectomy and cervical lymph node dissection can result in a radical operation for minute thy roid carcinoma to avoid complications.


A miniaturized Yagi-Uda antenna with wideband characteristic was proposed by employing conical designs in the driver and director and a piece of spherical-shaped reflector. The achieved 10-dB impedance bandwidth is 54%. The electrical size of the antenna is a kr of 1.07, where k is calculated using the lowest frequency of operation (0.65 GHz). The average realized gain over the operating frequency band is 8.3 dBi.


The present invention relates to an electric vehicle controller regenerative energy, which includes a main control chip, which receives the brake controller, automatic control and the manual controller, the signal overvoltage protection circuit, voltage regulator circuit, overcurrent, characterized by further comprising: bidirectional switching circuit controlled by the master chip, and communication CVCC charging circuit boosting circuit, and a battery and a boost circuit; a booster circuit, which controls the master chip, and a switching circuit connected to the motor controller; main control chip output control signal and the bidirectional switching circuit are connected to the booster circuit. After using the booster circuit, from artificially adjusted to 10-25 volts over a wide range of effective use of regenerative power to charge the battery, as long as the circuit detects that the vehicle has the red light, turn, or foresee the parking brake, high speed when in a downhill state, the circuit automatically into a charging state, not only all the regenerative power can be effectively utilized, but also achieve better braking action on the wheel.


Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Andrey Generalov Name of the doctoral dissertation Dielectric rod waveguide components at sub-THz frequencies Publisher School of Electrical Engineering Unit Department of Radio Science and Engineering Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 99/2015 Field of research Radio Engineering Manuscript submitted 13 May 2015 Date of the defence 7 August 2015 Permission to publish granted (date) 9 July 2015 Language English Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles)


In static entropy coding schemes such as static Huffman coding, the data is entropy coded under a fixed probability distribution. These methods are usually referred to as two pass, since the probability distribution is often, but not always, computed from the data in a first pass. In contrast, in the dynamic or adaptive, which is sometimes called one pass, the fixed probability distribution is generally too inefficient to be acceptable. The motivation for this work is to define a quantity corresponding to the intuitive concept of "speed of adaptation". With the use of Bayesian framework and the inefficiency penalty function, adaptation risk is defined, and shown to have the desired properties. Since in an adaptive scheme the probability distribution is not fixed, the adaptation risk serves also the role of the "second order" quantity. Hence coding under fixed adaptation risk can be thought of as the simplest generalization of coding under fixed probability distribution. Of course variable adaptation risk is a valid and interesting possibility. As applications several adaptive coding methods are presented and their adaptation risks are analyzed.


40 year-old male with history of congenital heart disease. Atrial septal defect (ASD) sinus venosus type associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (PAPVD) was diagnosed during childhood and surgically repaired at the age of three.
 Since then the patient was asymptomatic and he was lost to follow up when reached adulthood. A transthorathic echocardiogram was performed during a hospitalization because of a complicated pneumonia. A severe dilatation of right chambers and main pulmonary artery was observed. The estimated Qp:Qs by this technique was 2.0 but the atrial septum seemed to be intact. Agitated saline was administered in this procedure and no passage of microbubbles was observed. A cardiac MRI was performed because of suspicion of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. The findings observed in the echocardiogram were confirmed and an uncommon PAPVD was demonstrated by this technique: the superior left pulmonary vein drainaged into a dilated innominated vein. Also, a small pulmonary vein from the right upper lobe emptied into a "venous conduct" (yellow circle) located posterior to the superior cava vein (SCV) that later drainaged into the right atrium under the mouth of the SVC, posterior to the interatrial septum. Surgically correctioin of the PAPVD was performed.

 PAPVD is a congenital heart disease characterized by the drainage of one or several pulmonary veins –but not all of them- into the right atrium or systemic veins, which leads to left-to-right shunting. The estimated incidence of this disease ranges between 0.1 and 0.2% of the general population. The right superior pulmonary vein is the most frequently involved and is commonly associated to ASD sinus venosus type. Bilateral anomalous drainage, as occurred in this case, is exceptional.
 Furhermore, this case highlights the importance of long-term follow-up in patients with congenital heart disease due to the fact that, even when the disease is considered to be cured, long term complications could appear compromising the prognosis of the patient.
 Abstract P648 Figure. Unusual PAPVD


Serum α-fetoprotein concentration were compared with the alteration of serum GPT activity in patients with acute hepatitis, patient with fluminant hepatitis, patients with subacute hepatitis, patients with chronic hepatitis (active form), patients with chronic hepatitis with sublobular hepatic necrosis, patients with A type of liver cirrhosis and patients with A'type of liver cirrhosis. Time course of serum α-fetoprotein concetration and serum GPT activity were clasified into the following 6 types.: Type 1. the peak of serum α-fetoprotein concentration comes after peak of serum GPT activity. Type 2. both peaks overlaps with each other in terms of temporal alteration. Type 3. a peak elevation in serum α-fetoprotein concentration with flat moderately increased level of serum GPT activity. Type 4. both levels activity flucutuation without peak at increased levels. Type 5. a peak elevation in serum GPT activity without serum α-fetoprotein peak. Type 6. progressive increase in serum α-fetoprotein concentration over 2000 ng/ml with or without similar serum GPT activity increase. Type 1 and 2 were frequently observed in case of acute hepatitis, subacute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis. Type 3 and 4 were rather specific to liver cirrhosis. Type 5 was frequently observed in acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis with sublobular hepatic necrosis. Type 6 was observed in hepatocellular carcinoma.


The conferences "Fundamental Problems of High Temperature Superconductivity" (FPS) have become traditional since the first one in 2004. The problem of high-temperature superconductivity remains highly topical: quite regularly, novel HTS materials come on stage (copper oxide highTc superconductors in 1986, magnesium diboride in 2001, iron pnictide and iron chalcogenide compounds in 2008, FeSe monolayers in 2012, and sulfur hydrides in 2014– 2015). Achieving progressively higher superconducting transition temperatures remains an encouraging motivation for researchers in the field. Up to now, the highest Tc, 203 K, is achieved for H2S(H3S) pressurized at ∼ 2 Mbar. Nevertheless, a commonly accepted approach to the problem of high-temperature superconductivity is still missing. Discovery of superconductivity in iron pnictides with Tcs up to 56 K introduced a new family of high-Tc superconductors. Their study and comparison with copper oxides provide an excellent chance to reveal the mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity in general and in the two families in particular. Cuprate superconductors are strongly correlated materials. The correlations lead to the anomalous properties of cuprates in the normal state and to the inapplicability of the Fermi-liquid model to their normal


Increased concerns for improved fluid flowrate measurement are driving the fluid metering community-meter manufacturers and users alike-to search for better verification and documentation for their fluid measurements. These concerns affect both our domestic and international market places they permeate our technologies - aerospace chemical processes automotive bioengineering etc. They involve public health and safety and they impact our national defense. These concerns are based upon the rising value of fluid resources and products and the importance of critical material accountability. These values directly impact the accuracy needs of fluid buyers and sellers in custody transfers. These concerns impact the designers and operators of chemical process systems where control and productivity optimization depend critically upon measurement precision. Public health and safety depend upon the quality of numerous pollutant measurements - both liquid and gaseous. The performance testing of engines - both automotive and aircraft are critically based upon accurate fuel measurements - both liquid and oxidizer streams. Fluid flowrate measurements are established differently from counterparts in length and mass measurement systems because these have the benefits of " identity" standards. For rate measurement systems the metrology is based upon " derived standards" . These use facilities and transfer standards which are designed built characterized and used to constitute basic measurement capabilities and quantify performance - accuracy and precision. Because " identity standards" do not exist for flow measurements facsimiles or equivalents must


We propose a method to generate the phase-conjugate wave of the vector field by degenerate four-wave mixing in a c-cut Fe-doped LiNbO3 crystal. We demonstrate experimentally that the phase-conjugate wave of the vector field can be generated. In particular, the phase-conjugate vector field has also the peculiar function of compensating the polarization distortion, as the traditional phase-conjugate scaler field can compensate the phase distortion.


The invention discloses a neutral peroxide bleacher. The neutral peroxide bleacher is prepared from enzymes, a color fixative, an anti-redeposition agent, bactericide and solid filler. The total mass of a powder system is adopted as a reference, the content of the enzymes ranges from 0.1% to 10%, at least cellulose is included, the content of the color fixative ranges from 0.1% to 2%, the content of the anti-redeposition agent ranges from 0.5% to 5%, and the content of the bactericide ranges from 0.01% to 10%. The neutral peroxide bleacher is moderate in formulation, free of an oxidizing agent and high in detergency power, and can level ball tops on the surfaces of clothes and brighten the clothes.


Portfolio selection is a usual multiobjective problem. This paper will try to deal with the optimum portfolio for a private investor, taking into account three criteria: return, risk and liquidity. These objectives, in general, are not crisp from the point of view of the investor, so we will deal with them in fuzzy terms. The problem formulation is a goal programming (G.P.) one, where the goals and the constraints are fuzzy. We will apply a fuzzy G.P. approach to the above problem to obtain a solution. Then, we will o€er the investor help in handling the results.


Internet of Things (IoT) is an important infrastructure for supporting vertical applications. However, existing IoT systems are still facing some challenges, e.g., lack of coverage in rural areas and lack of efficient data collection methods. To overcome these challenges, a satellite IoT framework is proposed in this study as a promising solution, and smart agriculture is used as a typical application scenario. A satellite edge computing workflow is further proposed, with computer vision as a case study. In the case study, a lightweight deep learning model named MobileViT is proven effective for aphid detection and infestation severity classification on lemon leaves.


Cylindrical portion extending around the wearer's joint (e.g., elbow or knee), for example, the arm region (12a) or various garment having leg region (10) is disclosed. Cylindrical portion comprises, for example, woven fabrics, and knitted in or woven fabric located at the surface of the textile substrate pattern (20). Pattern was oriented in a direction substantially parallel to the articulation surface has a first density in at least one site of the cylindrical portion, and the pattern is directed substantially perpendicular to the articulation surface There was, having a second density in at least one site of the cylindrical portion. The purpose of the pattern may be to reduce the possibility of excessive use syndrome or other injury that occurs as a result of the use of the joint.


Abstract Background Circulating levels of cancer antigen (CA) 15–3, a tumor marker and regulator of cellular metabolism, were reduced by metformin in a nonrandomized neoadjuvant study. We examined the effects of metformin (vs placebo) on CA 15–3 in participants of MA.32, a phase III randomized trial in early-stage breast cancer. Methods A total of 3649 patients with T1-3, N0-3, M0 breast cancer were randomly assigned; pretreatment and 6-month on-treatment fasting plasma were centrally assayed for CA 15–3. Genomic DNA was analyzed for the rs11212617 single nucleotide polymorphism. Absolute and relative change of CA 15–3 (metformin vs placebo) were compared using Wilcoxon rank and t tests. Regression models adjusted for baseline differences and assessed key interactions. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Results Mean (SD) age was 52.4 (10.0) years. The majority of patients had T2/3, node-positive, hormone receptor–positive, HER2-negative breast cancer treated with (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and hormone therapy. Mean (SD) baseline CA 15–3 was 17.7 (7.6) and 18.0 (8.1 U/mL). At 6 months, CA 15–3 was statistically significantly reduced in metformin vs placebo arms (absolute geometric mean reduction in CA 15–3 = 7.7% vs 2.0%, P < .001; relative metformin: placebo level of CA 15–3 [adjusted for age, baseline body mass index, and baseline CA 15–3] = 0.94, 95% confidence interval = 0.92 to 0.96). This reduction was independent of tumor characteristics, perioperative systemic therapy, baseline body mass index, insulin, and the single nucleotide polymorphism status (all Ps > .11). Conclusions Our observation that metformin reduces CA 15–3 by approximately 6% was corroborated in a large placebo-controlled randomized trial. The clinical implications of this reduction in CA 15–3 will be explored in upcoming efficacy analyses of breast cancer outcomes in MA.32.


An unconditionally stable finite‐difference time‐domain (US‐FDTD) method based on wave equation is introduced by making use of Laguerre polynomials as basis functions for expanding field components in time. This new wave‐equation‐based FDTD scheme is not only unconditionally stable but also requires less memory usage. Comparisons among the traditional FDTD, the conventional Laguerre‐polynomial US‐FDTD, and this proposed scheme are presented in the numerical examples in terms of the memory usage and computational time. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 529–532, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24101


Detecting edges using generic edge detection techniques is often unsuccessful in detecting all the edges of interest under practical lighting conditions. Even if the edges are detected successfully, the problem of determining the 3-d coordinates remains difficult without apriori knowledge of the objecL A procedure for edge extraction under less than ideal lighting conditions and feature-based matching technique using at least four cameras are described. A method for creating a wire-frame model of the object using either CAD data or an interactive teaching procedure, and the run-time-mode operations in applications such as inspection and reverse engineering are also presented.


The term self-efficacy refers to the belief that someone has about possess the capabilities to perform the necessary actions to enable it to obtain the desired results. In the study of the entrepreneurial process is proposed that a strong entrepreneurial self-efficacy in these individuals helps the development of intentions. There were no significant differences in self-efficacy in relation to sex. Howewer, microsocial environment analysis revealed that there was significant difference according to the support received by the level of self-efficacy. We obtained a positive relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention, this being not equal in magnitude and significance for different types of self-efficacy defined theoretically and empirically.


This study is guided by the principle that there is no technology detached from an ideology. This ideology appears in the interfaces conditioning the relationship between people and digital artifacts. This article adopts as theoretical reference the User-Centered Design (UCD). Under the UCD principles it is presented a key to understand how technology is a vehicle of ideological content that affects the design practices.


Statistical analysis of structural data and detailed inspection of individual crystal structures culled from the Cambridge Structural Database and the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank show that covalently bound fluorine (in contrast to anionic fluoride) hardly ever acts as a hydrogen-bond acceptor. The weakness of covalently bound fluorine as hydrogen-bond acceptor is backed by results of new molecular orbital calculations on model systems using ab initio intermolecular perturbation theory (IMPT), and is in accord with results of other physicochemical studies and with the physical properties of fluorinated organic compounds. Factors influencing the strength of hydrogen bonding in extended systems are discussed.


In the present paper, jet impingements of gas expanded through an orifice into a vacuum were numerically simulated by using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Three types of jet impingement, parallel, oblique and normal, were treated. The parallel and oblique impingements were considered as a three-dimensional problem, whereas normal impingement was treated as an axisymmetric problem. The numerical simulations were carried out using the variable soft sphere (VSS) model for nitrogen. For the energy exchange between translational and rotational modes, the Borgnakke-Larsen model was employed together with the temperature-dependent energy exchange probability of Boyd. Simulated results were compared with Legge's experiments and a simple impingement model in the range of the reservoir pressures from 0.1×104 to 1.6×104 Pa. The present results agreed well with Legge's experimental data of pressure and shear stress distributions on a flat plate.


We introduce a new iterative process to approximate a common fixed point of a finite
family of multivalued maps in a uniformly convex real Banach space and establish strong convergence theorems
for the proposed process. Furthermore, strong convergence theorems for finite family of quasi-nonexpansive
multivalued maps are obtained. Our results extend important recent results.


Ketone compounds are oxidation products of crude oil in the in-situ combustion (ISC) process. Revealing the molecular composition of ketones can provide theoretical guidance for understanding the oxidation process of crude oil and valuable clues for studying the combustion state of crude oil in the reservoir. In this study, low-temperature oxidation (LTO) processes were simulated in thermal oxidation experiments to obtain thermally oxidized oil at different temperatures (170 °C, 220 °C, 270 °C, and 320 °C). A combination of chemical derivatization and positive-ion electrospray (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used to analyze the molecular composition of different kinds of ketones (fatty ketones, naphthenic ketones, and aromatic ketones) in the oxidized oils at different temperatures. The results showed that the concentration of aliphatic ketones and aliphatic cyclic ketones in the product oils decreased with the increase in temperature, while aromatic ketones increased with the increase in temperature. At the same oxidation temperature, the content of ketones follows this order: fatty ketones < cycloalkanes < aromatic ketones. The concentrations of ketones reached their maximum value at 170 °C and decreased at high temperatures due to over-oxidation. It was also found that nitrogen-containing compounds are more easily oxidized to ketone compounds than their hydrocarbon counterparts in the LTO process.


In this paper, the robust stability problem of perturbed dynamic interval systems with time-delay is considered Firstly, a kind of equivalent description of the interval systems is presented. Then by using Lyapunov stability theory, matrix measure approach and some properties of spectral radius, several simple sufficient conditions are obtained which guarantee the robust stability of the perturbed time-delay dynamic interval systems. These conditions possess simple forms and provide useful tools to check stability of systems at first stage, and generalize the previous works. Examples are also given to illustrate our main results.


Can isotretinoin treatment of acne affect hearing? Defects in hearing and tinnitus have been reported with use of this drug, and two studies showed


The traditional hard switching bidirectional dc-dc converters cannot simply avoid the reverse recovery problem of MOSFET body diode, and they also require dead time between the switches to avoid current shoot-through. Therefore, the traditional bidirectional dc-dc converters are usually designed with IGBTs. The IGBTs have long tail current, low switching speed and fixed voltage drop when compared with MOSFETs. This paper proposes bidirectional buck, boost, inverting buck-boost and non-inverting buck-boost dc-dc converters. The proposed single-phase converters can be extended into N-phase. In the proposed converters, the body diodes of switching devices do not conduct, therefore the MOSFET can be used as switching device, and the reverse recovery problem and loss of body diodes can be eliminated. The current freewheeling diodes can be selected externally with extremely good reverse recovery features and low forward voltage drop, therefore the conduction and switching losses can be reduced, and high efficiency can be obtained. In the proposed converters, the switches have no current shoot-through problem, therefore the dead-time between the switches can be eliminated. Experimental results obtained with 1 kW non-inverting buck-boost dc-dc converter are provided to verify the correctness of the proposed converters.


ANAESTHESIA. AT a largely attended meeting of the Section of Odonitology of the Royal Society of Medicine on February 23rd, Mr. J. G. TLURNER presiding, a report was given by Mr. F. N. DOUBLEDAY on some experimental work which he had undertaken, with the help of others, on the drugs and solutions used in local anaesthesia. Mr. Doubleday explained that his purpose had been, in the first place, to secure evidence with regard to the chemical structure and reactions of certain of the drugs se as to lay a more certain foundation of knowledge regarding their use and to enable dental surgeons and ot hers to estimate more effectually the probable value of niew drugs offered for their use. A second object of the experiments, which had extended over a year, had been to offer evidence as to the causation of miiinor discomforts, such as stiffness, swelling, and after-pain, which were, in his experience, the only ill effects following the use of local anaesthetics for dental and minor surgical operations. In the chemical part of the work he had been greatly assisted by his colleague Professor Gibson, of the chemistry department of Guy's, who had drawn out for liim tables (which he exhibited) of the graphic structure of some of the local anaesthetic drugs which had beeni used; these included novocain, stovaine, alypin, atropine, and others. With regard to tests, Mr. Doubleday considered that the tables given in the second volume of Martindale's Pharmacopoeia were the best extant, but they were not absolute for all. There was no absolute test for novocain and other local anaesthetic druiigs, anid that was a serious drawback. He had hoped to have been able to dialyse solutions of nlovocain against other drugs and examine the filtrate, but that was prevented by the absence of absolute tests. Somiie important experiments were carried out on the question of temperature and evaporation. A local anaesthetic solution was boiled, in the same way as for patients, and the solution was loaded into a syringe which had been previously boiledl and allowed to become absolutely cold. A thermometer was kept in a tumbler of water at boiling point in order that the iinitial temperature of the thermometer should not in itself be a cause of alteration cf temperature to the fluid in the barrel of the syringe. By using a cold syringe and a hot solution in that way the result was, as shown by a number of tests, within a degree of the body temperature. If the fluid in the containing mugs supplied for the purpose were allowed to boil furiously for one minute, or even for half a minute, at the end of that time only 2.5 c.cm. remained instead of thae 3 c.cm. initended, so that the injection of this solution, which originally was approximately isotonic with the fluids of the body, became unduly concentrated, resulting in the swelling, after-pain, and stiffness of which patients complained. The same was true of test tubes. Long test tubes were best because any fluid evaporated recondensed on the upper part, and found its way back to the bottom again. Another point was the reaction of the glass itself upon the fluids. If the glass contained much soda then its effect upon the degree of alkalinity of the solution was quite definite. Experimental work previously carriedout had been along the lines of injection into the blood stream or into the hieart. The effect produced by injecting into the blood stream was different from that produced by injecting into the connective tissue. Some might think that the material injected travelled along the course of the nerve until it came to the cells of the central nervous system; it was necessary,however, that the drug should come directly into contact with the protoplasm of the axis-cylinder process, and so inhibit its activity. Mandibular sensations-in their control experiments on man he and his co-workers had carried out many mandibular injections upon themselvesere definite under local anaesthesia: there w\as first tingling of the lips, and after five, seven, or ten minutes the tactile sensation of the periodontal tissue wvas doughy "; the sensation of the pulp was the last to go. If, on onie attemiipting to extract a tooth, the patient protested, an interval of ten minutes would enable one to extract it without protest. Sensation was restored in the inverse or-der to that in which it was lost, and this depended on the rate of diffusion of the local anaesthetic and on its linkage with the axis-cylinder process. Wlhern considering the effects upon human beings, one came upon the comiiplicated psychological problem, including the influence of the operator on the patient, the degree of alarm felt by the patient as to what was going to be done to him, and so forth, so that one could not get a standard. That was one of the reasons why frogs were chosen for experiment. It was necessary to avoid injectinig towards the spinal cord, for if that were done the whole sacral nerves would be paralysed and double hemiplegia result. On using 1per cent. solut ion of novocain and adrenaline, it was found that the frog recovered from a 5-minim dose in from one to one and a half hours, and that was comparable with the recovery period of the humiian being. The dosage for the frog in proportion to the human was very heavy. The experiments showed that merely exposing the frog's heart or injecting the saline did not interfere with its action. With novocain and adrenaline 2 miniims produced slight alteration in the heart, 3 minims showed a slowiing of the ventricular contractions, with 5 minims the auricular contraction began to fail, and fifteen minutes later there was a great inhibition of the heart, and that became progressive. His conclusion was that adrenaline and novocain produced a definite depressive action on the heart. Novocain alone caused the heart to drop a beat or two, but did not seriously affect it. Adrenalinie alone, 1: 20,000, produced a progressive slowing of the heart with failure of its auricular contractions. He had tried to find a more suitable drug to comiibine with adrenaline so as to minimize the effects of the latter. Caffeine failed to prevent tlle depressive action of the other drugs. Strychnine had beeni widely recommended as a supposed antidote to novocain and adrenaline, but it was powerless to stop failure of the heart. Trials of 5-minimii injections of novocain and adrenaline with atropine resulted in the heart conitracting vigorously. He was of opinion, therefore, that atropine was the best drug to combine with novocain and adrenaline to prevent the effects of adren-aline poisoning. The disadvantage of atropine was the resulting dryness of the mouth. Mr. Doubleday showed a number of blood films which were taken after the use of local anaesthetics, and he proceeded to demonstrate that the best effect of local anaesthetics could not be obtained unless the injection was into connective tissue anid muscle. He also showed sections of the kidneys of the experimiiental frogs, and the lecture was illustrated by a very large number of graphs and other exhibits.


In order to provide market insight into diversification of casino visitors, this study intends to identify the travel pattern, travel motivation and demographic characteristics of tourists who include casinos in their travel itinerary, and to what extent, these variables affect their decision of visiting casinos during their vacation. Study subject and data base is the Swiss travel market, a notably mature market in terms of buying environment, buying power as well as sophistication of consumers. The results of the analysis reveal a number of significant differences between tourist gamblers and the 'average' travellers, including a number of socio-demographics, choice of destination, type of accommodation, travel motivation, travel information sources. No differences were identified with regard to gender and size of household.


Rabbit production has been greatly improved upon by the use of artificial insemination. There are several reports on characteristics of semen collected with the use of artificial vagina. This study developed an unsophisticated and improvised artificial vagina (IAV) using locally fabricated materials and its efficiency in semen collection was evaluated. The IAV was used to collect semen from 35 bucks with total attempt of 700 over a period of 10 weeks. 692 attempts were successful with adequate ejaculate collections giving an efficiency of 98.86%. Result reveals that the use of this IAV is possible. This study also show that dilution ratio reduced sperm concentration and extension above 1:2 ratio (semen : extender) declined sperm progressive motility and reduced mass activity in in vitro assessment of extended rabbit semen.


We should vigorously promote the traditional culture of respecting the elderly people as China has entered a new situation of population Aging.The work refers to retirees in colleges and universities must adhere to the principle of people-oriented and let them to share the results of economic and social development,from which the role of the elderly peoples can be bitterly played and enrich their spiritual and cultural life.Only by the way are the service and management standard continuously improved and the elderly can live with dignity and sense of happiness.


Solar power generation influenced by the weather. Using the weather forecast information, it is possible to predict the short-term solar power generation in the future. However, in limited circumstances such as islands or mountains, it can not be use weather forecast information by the disconnection of the network, it is impossible to use solar power generation prediction model using weather forecast. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a system that can predict the short-term solar power generation by using the information that can be collected by the system itself. We developed a short-term prediction model using the prior information of temperature and power generation amount to improve the accuracy of the prediction. We showed the usefulness of proposed prediction model by applying to actual solar power generation data.


Objective: To investigate the relationship between ST-segment resolution (STR) and myocardial scar thickness after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods: Forty-two STEMI patients with single-branch coronary artery stenosis or occlusion were enrolled. ST-segment elevations were measured at emergency admission and at 24 h after PCI. Late gadolinium-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR-LGE) was performed 7 days after PCI to evaluate myocardial scars. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the utility of STR to predict the development of transmural (>75%) or non-transmural (<75%) myocardial scars.Results: The sensitivity and specificity of STR for predicting transmural scars were 96% and 88%, respectively, at an STR cut-off value of 40.15%. The area under the curve was 0.92. Multivariate logistic proportional hazards regression analysis disclosed that patients with STR<40.15% had a 112.95-fold higher probability of developing transmural scars compared with patients with STR≥40.15%. STR percentage was negatively correlated with myocardial scar thickness (β=-0.838, P<0.001) and size (β=-0.714, P<0.001).Conclusion: STR<40.15% at 24 h after PCI may provide meaningful diagnostic nformation regarding the extent of myocardial scarification in STEMI patients.


The first question concerns the mechanism of fatigue. Although experimental studies have done much to clarify the micromechanism of fatigue damage in its early stages, mechanism of fatigue seems to be not yet well understood. Many dislocation models for fatigue fracture have been introduced, such as pilingup mechanism, taking into account the notch effect by the obstacle itself3 proposed in this article; mechanism due to vacancies formation,4'5 or mechanism by polygonization.6 All of them seem to be able to explain the same phenomenon of fatigue fracture. The problem is to obtain a unique mechanism from among them or one not yet proposed, by comprehensive understanding of the characteristic experimental evidences. The object of this article is to find a clue to get a unique dislocation model of fatigue fracture by checking the agreement with experimental data of the conclusion derived on a basis of dislocations piling-up mechanism, taking into account the notch effect by the obstacle itself. The present article concerns only the "stress condition for fatigue fracture; that is, failure at relatively later stage among the whole fatigue process consisting of several different stages." As for the difference from the case of static (unidirectional) stress or a steady state of stress, it is assumed that under alternating stresses some dislocations are also in cyclic motion, and they are pushed and piled up cyclically against certain obstacles, such as inclusions during forward and backward movements. If the theory proposed is valid, the value of qi obtained by fitting the present theory to the data should be considerably large as shown in Table 1. On the other hand, in static (ductile) fracture, qi at the moment of initiation of fracture may be supposed to be not so large. In that, the theory may be regarded as not suitable for fracture at a steady state of stress, but for fatigue fracture. The reason is not yet theoretically explained why q, should be so large in fatigue fracture. In our experience, the specimen which was subjected to cyclic stress by rotating uniform bending tester until just before rupture of the whole cross section, and in which fatigue crack propagated to a considerable part of the cross section, will survive longer or even permanently, when the machines are stopped; that is, the same "constant" and not "alternating" stress is applied as the previously applied stress amplitude. Besides, in the static test the specimen shows as high strength as that of the specimen which has not been subjected to cyclic stressing. This fact may be related to the problem mentioned above, but also seems to have not yet been explained in any theory of fatigue.


This paper shows an application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to determine the bus voltages and phase angles of a radial distribution system, without executing the complicated load flow algorithm, for any given load. The performance of the conventional load flow methods such as Newtoh-Raphson load flow, Fast decoupled load flow is found to be very poor under critical conditions such as high R/X ratio, heavily loading condition etc.To overcome the limitations of these regularly used methods a simple and reliable ladder iterative technique is used for solving the power balance equations of radial distribution system (RDS). The proposed method make use of a multi-layer feed forward ANN with error back propagation learning algorithm for calculation of bus voltages and its angles. A sample IEEE 33bus is extensively tested with the proposed ANN based approach indicating its viability for RDS load flow assessment and results are presented. Keywords—Ladder Iterative Technique, R/X ratio, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Backpropagation Network (BPN), Radial Distribution System (RDS), ForwardBackward Sweep.


The transformation of normal prion protein into pathogenic variant in transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) is expedited by mutations. Three novel mutations V176G, E196A and I215V are associated with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Gerstmann–Straussler–Scheinker syndrome (GSS). These mutations are novel but have yet to be characterized. The V176G mutation is exceptional as it showed GSS symptoms but resides in CJD prone segment of the prion structure. Using molecular dynamics simulations; comparative studies were performed between wild type and mutated structures, normal and elevated temperature and neutral and acidic pH to identify the dynamics in structural properties such as salt bridge, solvent accessibility, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobicity. Results indicated that overall effect of the three mutants is destabilization of the native structure, increased hydrophobicity and electrostatic potential change and the gain of new hydrogen bonds but are only restricted to localized effects on the protein such as increased fluctuation of the H1 region, gain of new salt bridge in H3 and abolished salt bridges between H1 and H3 which may be part of the oligomerisation pathways similar to GSS. The two CJD mutations, the E196A and I215V that possess a proximity effect on neighbouring regions of the mutated area. Simulations at elevated temperatures showed that the mutation caused the loss of hydrogen bonds between H3 and H2 with perturbations in the hydrophobic core that induces changes in the overall prion protein structure. In the V176G MD simulations, the mutation biggest effect is on the H1 of the protein where extreme conditions (elevated temperature and low pH) caused early denaturation compared to other segments of the prion protein. These mutations also caused accelerated perturbation in the H1-S2 region and extended the existing S1 and S2. Simulations at different low pH regimes revealed that V176G, E196A and I215V mutated structures denatured earlier in pH 2.5 compared to pH 4.5 with increased fluctuations in H1, S2-H2 loop and H2-H3 loop. In conclusion, the apparent loss of salt bridges and hydrogen bond gains are the main reason for the conformational changes that occur in mutated structure.


Seismic attenuation compensation is a widely used technique for enhancing the resolution of nonstationary seismic data. An accurate and reliable quality factor (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) is a prerequisite for attenuation compensation and an important indicator of oil and gas. <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-factor estimation and attenuation compensation are ill-posed inverse problems, and they are poorly robust when noise is present. Moreover, the process is usually performed in steps, which leads to an accumulation of errors. Deep-learning (DL)-based methods have gained great popularity because of their powerful ability to obtain exact solutions for inverse problems. However, most DL frameworks rely heavily on huge training datasets and lack clear physical meaning. For these reasons, we propose a fusion neural network architecture to build a physically meaningful network to simultaneously implement interval-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> estimation and seismic attenuation compensation. The fusion neural network consists of two subnetworks based on the spatio-temporal neural network (STNN). And, the method ensures the coupling relationship between <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-factor and nonattenuated/attenuated seismic data by building a loss function that contains both the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> loss term and the seismic data loss term. The training dataset is then used to update the subnetworks simultaneously to obtain a fusion network that achieves both interval-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> estimation and seismic attenuation compensation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed simultaneous interval-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> estimation and seismic attenuation compensation algorithm by applying both synthetic and field data examples.


The article describes the precedent phenomena operating in a certain structural constant advertising text. The functional content of the precedent phenomenon differs depending on its presentation in a particular structural element. Putting the precedent phenomenon in the title and slogan contributes to the fact that the precedent is revealed as the most important theme of the text an a reflection of the author's intention, as a "dominant" material that attracts the readers attention and determines the text composition.


This study investigated the relationship between urban teachers' beliefs and student outcomes, reflecting teachers' beliefs related to the beliefs in previous qualitative literature on effective teachers of African American children. A subset of participating teachers surveyed in a larger study (46 out of 244) was identified from two of the original six elementary schools. The schools served predominantly African American students from low-income families. In the larger study, teachers' beliefs about knowledge, teaching practices, and social relationships with students were collected. Standardized scores from the Iowa Tests of Basic skills were converted to z-scores for each student and used in the final hierarchical regression/correlational analyses. Data for each class were aggregated into mean achievement scores for math, reading, and language arts. Data analysis indicated that reading achievement significantly related to teachers' beliefs regarding the importance of students' cultural identity, students' individual needs, and strategies such as drill, practice, and peer learning experiences for lower-achieving students. (Contains 40 references.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Teachers' Beliefs and Student Achievement 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS kr) BEEN GRANTED BY


According to the self-determination theory, autonomy-support (opportunities given to students to determine their behaviors and creation of congruence between students' inner motives and classroom activities) and structure (amount and clarity of information given about the way to achieve desired outcomes; Jang et al., 2010) are two fostering-engagement and learning practices. However, few studies, mostly correlational, simultaneously tested the effects of both practices on engagement. Regarding learning, studies focused only on autonomy-support and produced inconsistent results. Vansteenkiste and colleagues (2004) found higher learning in autonomy-supportive contexts. Furtak and Kunter (2012) found higher learning in the least (e.g. teacher showed how to do) than in the most autonomy-supportive context (e.g. students encouraged to find their own solutions). These conditions may also have manipulated structure, which would explain contradictory findings. Thus, differentiate the effects of structure and autonomysupport is needed. This study aimed at testing the main effects and interaction of both dimensions on engagement and learning. 84 students in psychology performed a learning task on computer. They were randomly assigned to one of the four conditions based on a 2 (moderated vs. high structure) X 2 (low vs. high autonomy-support) between-participants design. Structure was manipulated through the communication of expectations and guidance during the task; autonomy-support, through the opportunity of choice, autonomy-supportive vocabulary, and relevance of examples given (Reeve, 2006; Jang et al., 2010). After the task, participants filled in questionnaires about their engagement and learning. When structure was high, they reported significantly more engagement and learned more, controlling for gender and previous knowledge. No effects of autonomy-support or interaction were found. These results stress the importance of structure for engagement and learning. Contradictory to previous findings, no effects of autonomy-support were found. Given the study design, these results cannot be generalized to all situations. In classroom settings, other variables as teacher support could also be influential for students' outcomes (Furrer & Skinner, 2003). However, this study is a step forward in the understanding of respective effects of autonomy-support and structure.


OF THE DISCLOSURE Flame and temperature resistant polyimide foams are prepared by the reaction of an aromatic dianhydride, e.g., pyromellitic dianhydride, with an aromatic polyisocyanate, e.g., poly methylene polyphenylisocyanate (PAPI) in the presence of an inorganic acid and a lower molecular weight alcohol, e.g., dilute sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid and furfuryl alcohol. The exothermic reaction between the acid and the alcohol provides the heat necessary for the other reactants to polymerize without the application of any external heat. Such mixtures, therefore, are ideally suited for in situ foam formation, especially where the application of heat is not practical or possible. ORIGIN OF THE INVENTION The invention described herein was made in the performance of work under a NASA contract and subject to the provisions of erection 305 of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, Public Law 85-568 (72 Stat. 435; 42 U.S.C. 2457) . BACKGROUND OF THE•INVENTION Field of the Invention This invention relates to flame-resistant polyimide -foam insulation prepared from polyisocyanates and aromatic polycarboxylic compounds. 20


trans-[Pd(C
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trans-[Pd{C(O)(C
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SCF
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 or, in
the presence of atmospheric oxygen, [(PPh
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 2
-
Pd(NH
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CO
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, whose crystal structure is solved.


Abstract A key find from the 2018 excavations at the settlement mound of Gird-e Rūstam (Gird-i Rostam) in the easternmost part of the Kurdish Autonomous Region of Iraq, directly on the border with Iran, is an inscribed pottery sherd that can be assigned to the Neo-Assyrian period, more specifically the late 8th or 7th century BC. Albeit small, the sherd certainly belongs to a "carinated bowl", which is a typical wine-drinking vessel of that time, and preserves a few signs of a cuneiform inscription in Akkadian language and Neo-Assyrian script. It is suggested that the reconstructed text contains mention of the local toponym Birtu-ša-Adad-remanni "Fortress of Adad-remanni". This place is located in the border region between the Assyrian Empire and the kingdom of Mannea, which raises the possibility that Gird-e Rūstam could be identified with Birtu-ša-Adad-remanni.


The mainstream economic hypothesis of human nature can not explain new economic phenomen such as agility enterprise in the rapidly changing environments. According to the most basic social relations--acquaintance and stranger, we divide the social system into three kinds of the most basic systems, namely: the"Acquaintance System", the"Stranger System", and the"Stranger-Acquaintance System". According to informational imperfection degree of the three social systems, we can further divide them into six social sub- systems. Through analyzing the characteristic of their human nature, we put forward the hypothesis--"Complicated Economic Man of Limited Rationality".


In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the preparation, properties and use of silica nanoparticles. Topics discussed include the reactivity of inorganic radicals and excited triplet states in colloidal silica suspensions; multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery, multimodal imaging and simultaneous imaging and drug delivery; monodisperse luminescent silica nanoparticles and their application to DNA microarray technology. [Book summary from publisher]


Although water is a sine qua non for all human life, archaeological, historical, and literary records concerning its management, particularly regarding domestic practices such as cooking, gardening, and laundry are scant. Since women typically performed these essential everyday tasks, lack of knowledge of the activities limits understanding of their lives. Water was needed for all such chores and was typically collected at fountains, prings, wells, or streams. Unlike most domestic labor, which was conducted inside the home, laundering was a public activity, often performed outside at a fountain or along a riverbank. Inside the home a woman had more command over the conditions under which she worked than she did outside, where piazzas, streets, and streams were usually under civil supervision. Hence, the public places where women collected water, or did their laundry, had the potential to become flash points for physical and emotional tensions between women, and the civil authorities who sought to control public activities. An investigation of these interactions provides insight into hitherto neglected aspects of women's lives in late cinquecento Rome. Just as growing knowledge of Imperial Roman bathing practices reveals much about the social and cultural institutions that shaped the public lives of ancient Romans, particularly men, an increased awareness of practices associated with washing linens and clothing in the cinquecento can reveal a great deal about the daily lives of women, who held the primary responsibility for doing the laundry. The official choice of locations for public laundry activities, the physical character of the sites within the topography of the city as a whole, and the policies developed by communities and governments to oversee those sites and activities communicate much about the status of women who worked at these tasks and about the official attitudes toward the use of public streets and piazzas for domestic tasks. Control and distribution of water is crucial to the smooth functioning of any city. Thus it is remarkable, considering the extent and fame of Roman aqueducts and water systems, that the record for domestic water use in ancient Rome is so slim. As Dora Crouch, one of the few scholars to tackle the subject of water distribution, points out in Water Management in Ancient Greek Cities (1993), very little is known about domestic


This article describes a 16QAM modulation based 3Gbps wireless communication demonstration system at 0.34 THz band, which consists of a 0.34 THz wireless communication transceiver front end based on solid-state semiconductor, an IF updown converter, and a digital signal process unit. The transmitted signal carrier of this demonstration system is centered at 0.34 THz, the output power is -20dBm, the gain of antenna is 25dBi. The demonstration system succeedes in error free transmission of 3Gbps data rate signal over 30cm distance.


Physico-chemical properties of slag influence the productivity of the steelmaking processes to a great extent. The rapid formation of physically and chemically active slag facilitates removal of sulfur and phosphorus from the melt. It reduces metal loss and formation of metal-regulus in the slag; furthermore it decreases wear in the refractory lining. Viscous slag is physically poorly active and has a low refining capacity, thus, reaction processes with metal slow down. Such a viscous slag will lead to an increase in the metal losses due to the regulus formation and slag splashing. It often leads to the lance becoming clogged and formation of skulls on the neck of the vessel. High slag fluidity is also not desirable due to the increased refractory wear of the converter lining. In the process of steelmaking in an oxygen converter it is necessary to obtain at the end of the blowing process a sufficiently flowable, physically and chemically active homogeneous slag with basicity CaO/ SiO2 = 3.0–3.5. As it is known, the chemical composition of the converter slag and intensity of lining destruction vary in different stages of the converter process. The highest rate of destruction of the lining in the converter is observed during the formation of slag with the basicity CaO/SiO2 = 1.0–1.5 Influence of Magnesium Oxide Content on Kinetics of Lime Dissolution in Steelmaking Slags


The main goal of this experience is to show and demonstrate a teaching activity, in which for the coordination and balance contents, the mountain bike, rollerblades and skateboard were used. The modular teaching, task assignment, level grouping and individual progam styles have been used in order to carry out such experience. Their interrelationship allow, within the same session, to form altogether a single innovative didactic-unit enclosing different contents.


The development of novel composites is ongoing in an effort to develop materials with an energy density greater than 5 J/cm3 for use in high voltage capacitors. The materials are composites initially developed to reduce the size of high power antennas. Due to their combination of a high dielectric constant and high dielectric strength, some of the original composites were directly transitioned for evaluation in high voltage, high energy density capacitors while others required modifications to reduce DC leakage current or to make other optimizations for the capacitor application. Recent testing has focused on dielectric strength testing to determine breakdown field levels during short pulse conditions. This initial work has included experiments with the methods of surface preparation and electrode application as well as modifications to the structure and chemistry of some candidate composites. Results are presented on the dielectric strength and dielectric constant of one of the candidate composite materials with various electrode structures designed to reduce field enhancements. Practical operating electric field levels are determined from an analysis of the breakdown data, and energy densities are projected for high energy density capacitor designs.


A musical tone control apparatus capable of controlling the like corresponding to an object detected by a detector of the movement itself. Such a detector can detect the rate of movement of the object, moving force, movement, or a given angle of impact strength. When the detector system mounted in the vicinity of the player's joint, the detector detects the rotational angle of the player or the bending angle of the joint. The tone may be controlled so that the angle of the player's joint. Thus, by means of which the desired tone volume and tone desired tone control apparatus, the player can be issued in accordance with motion of an object or having their own joint, for example, the desired pitch.


This artical describes the several operational malfuctions of meter control valves since the 28000 ASU running in Lunan Chemical Fertilizer Plant of Yanzhou Coal Mining Group.We have taken corresponding measures to these malfuctions.Now we have eliminated the hidden dangers and improved the device's running time.


Class B beta-lactamases, like NDM and SPM, are among the most important factors in the development of resistance to gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Due to the resistance of this group of beta-lactamases to beta-lactam inhibitors.They are clinically significant in this bacterium. Therefore, in this research, we investigated the prevalence of NDM and SPM beta-lactamase genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates of burn wounds. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we collected and cultured 125 burn wound samples from patients admitted to educational hospitals. We identified the colonies suspected of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by routine biochemical methods. We used Kirby Bauer method to measure antibiotic susceptibility;we evaluated the MIC of these strains against ceftazidime by E.test method. Then,The above enzymes using a hybrid disk. Genotypically, we analyzed NDM and SPM beta-lactamase genes in the above strains by PCR. In this study, out of 125 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, 32 (26%) were extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing isolates. Totally, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to the antibiotics imipenem, piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, streptomycin, tetracycline and Carbenicillin was respectively 88%, 93%, 89%, 98%, 97%, 89%, 84%, 82%, 97%, 91%, 90% and 95%. According to PCR test, among 32 isolates with extended spectrum beta-lactamase enzyme, 28.12 and 43.75 had respectively SPM and NDM beta-lactamase genes.Given the prevalence of antibiotic resistance by mechanism. Diverse in high teaching hospitals need actions such asmeasuring antibiotic susceptibility, rational prescribing of antibiotics, and controlling contributing factors. The results show that most of the samples are drug resistant and among the MBL producing strains, the frequency of SPM gene was higher than NDM.


The object of this investigation is to examine the distribution of species in a number of plant communities in order to see if some biometrical standards can be established which may be used to define the specific character of such communities. The analysis has been confined to 'natural' communities of a stable character, where there is no cause to suppose that a major change in the dominant species hras occuired for a number of years. In the present paper the method employed in sampling these communities will be described and the results of field surveys will be given, and in a subsequent paper these results will be analysed in order to show that it may be possible to define the specific character of the community by the 'pattern' formed by the species. Previous work on the quantitative approach to plant ecology has been reviewed by Ashby (1936, 1948), and the status of the plant association and the classification of communities have been discussed by Pavillard (1935). More recently, Fisher, Corbet & Williams,(1943) and Williams (1944, 1947) have sought to typify plant and animal populations by the Index of Diversity, a character which was derived from the Logarithmic Series (Fisher et at. 1943), and which has also been used by Bond (1947). The basic assumption of the Logarithmic Series is that the species with the least number of individuals are the most numerous. This assumption has been criticized by Preston (1948), who puts forward the alternative hypothesis that the commonest and rarest species are the least frequent and that, in the total population of a community, the distribution of species, with reference to the number of individuals by which they are represented, can be approximated by a normal curve. The assumptions made by Williams and Preston have led them to far-reaching conclusions, for in both cases their theories were first formulated in connexion with insect and bird populations, and they have subsequently applied them to plant populations using data collected by other workers. It is here assumed, however, that the plant community is limited by a finite area and that the standards adopted in defining the limits of this area are not necessarily applicable to the definition of animal communities. If this assumption is correct then certain fundamental conditions must be observed when sampling plant communities, and these conditions will also have to be observed in any subsequent analysis of the results obtained. A brief review of the standards adopted will show why these precautions are necessary.


The groundwater fluctuations due to tidal vari- ations at an observation well in a coastal aquifer can be used to determine the tidal characteristics and aquifer pa- rameters without conducting an aquifer test. In this study, a method, comprised of Jeng et al.'s solution (2005) and sim- ulated annealing (SA) algorithm, is developed to determine the coastal aquifer parameters (hydraulic diffusivity, beach slope, and aquifer thickness) as well as the tidal characteris- tics (bichromatic-tide amplitudes, bichromatic-tide wave fre- quencies, and tidal phase lag) from the analysis of the tide- induced well-water-level (WWL) data. The synthetic WWL data generated from Jeng et al.'s solution (2005) with as- sumed parameter values and field data obtained from Bar- renjoey beach, Australia, are analyzed. The estimated pa- rameter values obtained from analyzing synthetic WWL data by the present method show good agreements with the pre- viously assumed parameter values. The parameter estima- tion procedure may however fail in the case of a large shal- low water parameter which in fact violates the constraint on the use of Jeng et al.'s solution (2005). In the analy- sis of field WWL data, the results indicate that the aquifer parameters estimated from the present method with single or multiple well data are significantly different from those given in Nielsen (1990). Inspecting the observed WWL data and the WWL data predicted from Jeng et al.'s solu- tion (2005) reveals that the present method may provide bet- ter estimations for the aquifer parameters than those given in Nielsen (1990).


Experimental research remains important for evaluating the performance of offshore structures and ships in waves. To conduct useful experiments, it would be advantageous to first develop a high-performance absorbing wave-maker that can generate both regular and irregular waves. The construction of such a wave-maker is investigated in this study via wavemaker theory and wave-absorbing theory. Concerns have been raised recently regarding the configuration of wave basins, because researchers are doubtful as to whether the commonly used configuration of a rectangular wave tank is a suitable geometry within which to conduct experiments. This review paper presents a summary of the theory of wave generation and wave absorption in wave basins, as well as a new experimental concept and results of investigations based on the above theories. Due to space constraints, a pneumatic-type wave-maker is not reviewed here. For this type of wave-maker, a completely different approach is required. And nonlinear problem-related wave generation and absorption are also not reviewed. Those important subjects will be reviewed at some other time.


Automatic navigation on the drone is being developed these days, a wide variety of types of drones and its automatic functions. Drones used in this study was an aircraft with four propellers or quadcopter. In this experiment, image processing used to recognize the position of an object and ultrasonic sensor used to detect obstacle distance. The method used to trace an obsctacle in image processing was the Lucas-Kanade-Tomasi Tracker, which had been widely used due to its high accuracy. Ultrasonic sensor used to complement the image processing success rate to be fully detected object. The obstacle avoidance system was to observe at the program decisions from some obstacle conditions read by the camera and ultrasonic sensors. Visual feedback control based PID controllers are used as a control of drones movement. The conclusion of the obstacle avoidance system was to observe at the program decisions from some obstacle conditions read by the camera and ultrasonic sensors.


An aluminum-free nitride laser diode (LD) operating at a wavelength of λ = 452 nm with a threshold current density of jth = 4.2 kA/cm2 grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy is demonstrated. Aluminum is successfully eliminated from the cladding layers and the electron blocking layer. The lifetime of the devices with and without aluminum are studied. It is found that aluminum, which is highly susceptible to oxidation, has no influence on the degradation mechanism of nitride optoelectronic devices. Furthermore, comprehensive theoretical calculations are presented to show the impact of removal of aluminum from the structure on LD properties.


The development of information technology makes final changement of the inner and outer environment of library. Under this condition,how CPC school library should service better to meet the need of era becomes an important problem.


The purpose of this research was to explore evaluator perceptions of the processes they engage in when evaluating faculty development programs; their use of program theory; and the evaluation models they use to design faculty development program evaluations. Due primarily to the fact that most faculty development centers were established during the last twenty years, (Wright, 2011), previous research has shown a lack of widespread knowledge of program evaluation, and its application to faculty development interventions. Studies indicate a gap in the literature exploring program evaluation in faculty development centers from the evaluator's standpoint. This study was interested in the processes evaluators engage in when they evaluate various programs in faculty development; the extent to which evaluators link evaluations to short, medium, and long term outcomes; and the use of standard evaluation models in faculty development. A descriptive qualitative method utilizing semi-structured interview questions was used to collect data about the perceptions of evaluators concerning their experiences with program evaluation in faculty development. Five primary themes and one secondary theme emerged from the data analysis of information offered by each participant. The primary themes that emerged were: (a) purposeful selection of programs to evaluate, (b) careful planning of the evaluation methodology, (c) understanding that it takes considerable time to evaluate programs, (d) strategically linking program outcomes to center goals, and (d) implicit application of a utilization-focused approach to planning evaluation; a secondary theme emerged: (a) thinking critically about how to evaluate programs. These themes reflect consistent elements and patterns in participants' comments on programs they select to evaluate, methods used in program evaluation, and examples of how evaluation results can be used.


We prove the global existence of solutions of the Navier‐Stokes equations of compressible, barotropic flow in two space dimensions which exhibit convecting singularity curves. The fluid density and velocity gradient have jump discontinuities across these curves, exactly as predicted by the Rankine‐Hugoniot conditions, and these jump discontinuities decay exponentially in time, more rapidly for smaller viscosities. The singularity curves remain C1+α despite the fact that the velocity fields which convect them are not continuously differentiable. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


To study the taxonomy position of plerocercoid from flower-waved snake in Guilin city,the nuclear 18 S rDNA,28 S rDNA,internal transcribed spacers(ITS) genes and the partial mitochondrial cyclooxygenase 1(cox1) gene of the plerocercoid were cloned,and the sequences analyzed.The corresponding sequences were downloaded from GenBank,and were aligned by the Clustal W2,and the phylogenetic trees were constructed by MEGA 4.0.The result showed that Guilin isolates and the S.erinaceieuropaei(D64072)18 S were clustered in the same clade based on the 18 S phylogenetic tree,bootstrap 100%.Guilin isolates were also in the same clade with S.mansonoides(AF004718)、S.erinaceieuropaei(AF004717),Sparganum sp.(AF096223) in 28 S,bootstrap 61%,and in the same group with all of S.erinaceieuropaei ITS1,ITS2 and partial mitochondrial cox1 gene sequences,the total branch bootstrap values were 100%,99%,64%.It showed gene polymorphism between different isolates in ITS and cox1,cox1 is more suitable than ITS in studying intra-specific genetic polymorphism which considered from the bootstrap values,and ITS could be used as genetic marker for the species identification.


Abstract Learning how to analyze qualitative data is difficult for beginning research students, not only because it is a long and complex process, but because it is so different from working with quantitative data, with which students are often more familiar. Working with any data requires interpretation of results by the researcher in order to reach meaningful conclusions. This article describes an exercise in qualitative data analysis that introduces university students to the processes, limits and possibilities of this challenging work. Introduction As a lecturer in qualitative research methods for education students at both the BA and MA levels, I am faced with the challenge of presenting qualitative research as a legitimate form of research to students schooled in a positivistic, quantitative tradition. One of the things that worries my students the most is how qualitative researchers' interpretations affect the validity of their findings. I teach my students that there are rigorous methods of strengthening internal validity, especially triangulation of data, that is, collecting data through observations, interviews and document analysis, as well as having other researchers do reliability checks. These methods, combined with extensive time in the field and continuous reflection and self-checking by the researcher, go a long way towards helping the qualitative researcher overcome his or her biases and assumptions and arrive at conclusions that are truly data-based. (Rock, 2001, p.34). Once the students learn these approaches they begin to see that qualitative research is not simply based on the subjective perceptions or personal interpretations of the researcher. There are techniques, methods and standards that underlie careful qualitative research. I try to explain to them as well that quantitative research is not automatically "good"--that sloppy quantitative researchers can use poorly designed questionnaires, faulty statistical designs and inappropriate samples, thus reaching unfounded conclusions. There are good and bad, careful and sloppy research studies of every kind. After the first part of the course my students can accept that there are scientific standards for the conduct of qualitative data collection, but when we approach the subject of data analysis they have another crisis of doubt about the validity of results. There are a number of ways of approaching the analysis of qualitative data. One can do narrative analysis, looking at the structure and holistic content of stories respondents tell. One can bring categories of analysis to the research, in order to verily existing theory, even quantifying the occurrences of each category. But the classic ethnographic approach involves reading and rereading the data in order to identify patterns and themes. These become categories that the researcher uses to re-examine the data, coding items of data and refining the categories several times until a system of categories has been constructed, sensitive enough to explain all or most of the data (Fetterman, 1998, chapter 5). This is challenging, requiring patience and the tolerance for uncertainty. Most students are able to learn this kind of content analysis and to arrive at a set of descriptive categories. They start to worry again when I tell them that the descriptive level is not enough; good descriptive categories are the basis for more advanced analysis that involves the search for conceptual, rather than descriptive categories, and an interpretive leap towards a more theoretical understanding of the data. This "leap" towards theory is profoundly data-based, but employs also a kind of researcher intuition. "Intuition?" the students cry in horror. "This is what we were afraid of all along! This kind of research is based on subjectivity, gut feelings and intuition. It isn't scientific." I try to explain that quantitative researchers also employ intuition in many phases of their work. …


Objectives Patients with acute symptoms present not only to general practitioners (GPs), but also frequently to emergency departments (EDs). Patients' decision processes leading up to an ED self-referral are complex and supposed to result from a multitude of determinants. While they are key providers in primary care, little is known about GPs' perception of such patients. This qualitative study explores the GPs' view regarding motives and competences of patients self-referring to EDs, and also GPs' rationale for or against physician-initiated ED referrals. Design Qualitative study with semi-structured, face-to-face interviews; qualitative content analysis. Setting GP practices in Berlin, Germany. Participants 15 GPs (female/male: 9/6; mean age 53.6 years). Results The interviewed GPs related a wide spectrum of factors potentially influencing their patients' decision to visit an ED, and also their own decision-making in potential referrals. Considerations go beyond medical urgency. Statements concerning patients' surmised rationale corresponded to GPs' reasoning in a variety of important areas. For one thing, the timely availability of an extended spectrum of diagnostic and therapeutic options may make ED services attractive to both. Access difficulties in the ambulatory setting were mentioned as additional triggers for an ED visit initiated by a patient or a GP. Key patient factors like severity of symptoms and anxiety also play a major role; a desire for reassurance may lead to both self-referred and physician-initiated ED visits. Patients' health competence was prevailingly depicted as limited, with the internet as an important influencing factor. Counselling efforts by GP were described as crucial for improving health literacy. Conclusions Health education could hold promise when aiming to reduce non-urgent ED consultations. Primary care providers are in a key position here. Amelioration of organisational shortages in ambulatory care, for example, limited consultation hours, might also make an important impact, as these trigger both self-referrals and GP-initiated ED referrals. Trial registration number DRKS00011930.


Diffusion bonding was used to join silicon carbide (SiC) to SiC substrates using three kinds of interlayers: physical-vapor-deposited (PVD) Ti coatings (10 and 20 μm) on the substrate, Ti foils (10 and 20 μm), and a Mo–B foil (25 μm). Two types of substrates were used: chemical-vapor-deposited SiC and SiC fiber bonded ceramic (SA-TyrannohexTM), the latter having a microstructure consisting of SiC fibers and a carbon layer. The microstructures of the phases formed during diffusion bonding were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected-area diffraction analysis. TEM samples were prepared using a focused ion beam, which allowed samples to be taken from the reacted area. The effect of the interlayer material and the direction of the SiC fibers in the substrate with respect to the interlayer was evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy and TEM revealed good diffusion bonds in all samples; however, some samples exhibited small amounts of microcracking. The diffusion bonded CVD SiC sample using the 10-μm-thick PVD-Ti interlayer formed more of the stable phase and less of the intermediate phases than the sample using the Ti foil. This behavior was caused by the presence of columnar Ti grains in the interlayer, which may have enhanced the migration of Si and C atoms in the interlayer. In the SA-Tyrannohex samples using the Ti-foil interlayer, the chemical reaction proceeded more rapidly when the fibers were parallel to the interlayer than when they were perpendicular. This behavior was likely caused by the hexagonal carbon layer always facing the Ti interlayer in the sample with perpendicular fibers; this peculiar microstructure reduced the mobility of Si and C migrating into the interlayer. The SA-Tyrannohex sample using the Mo–B foil as the interlayer had excellent diffusion bonds with no microcracks or voids. In this system, Mo5Si3C, Mo2C, and Mo5Si3 formed. While phases have anisotropic coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), the CTE mismatch between those phases and the substrate was apparently smaller than the mismatch in the samples using Ti interlayers.


[Objective]To discuss the causes of incidence of measles,so as to instruct control and prevention of measles for the future.[Methods]Analysis was made on the data of measles epidemics in 2008.[Results]In 2008,there were 315 measles cases in Hami,the incidence was 74.32/105,all were sporadic cases.Among 315 patients,infants who were 1-5 months individually accounted for 2.54%,22.86%,43.81%,22.22%,and 8.57%;Who were 9-11 months accounted for 1.26%;the scattered inhabiting children were 40.31%;preschool children were 6.34%,students were 7.3%.Incidence of measles,cases under 1 year were 2 549.98/105,those at 1 to 4 year were 332.72/105,5 to 14 were 31.85/105,over 15-year-old were 49.97/105(P0.01).Meanwhile in the 315 cases,those who had a clear measles exposure accounted for 33.96%,those who were treated at hospital or clinic before certain symptom accounted for 48.25%,those who had been out accounted for 6.98%.[Conclusion]The incidence of measles is the highest in Hami city in 2008 since 1990.


We report a new measurement of the cross section for the production of isolated photons with transverse energies (E{sup {gamma}}{sub T} ) above 10 GeV and pseudorapidities |{eta}|<2.5 in pp collisions at {radical}(s)=1.8 TeV . The results are based on a data sample of 107.6 pb{sup -1} recorded during 1992-1995 with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The background, predominantly from jets which fragment to neutral mesons, was estimated using the longitudinal shower shape of photon candidates in the calorimeter. The measured cross section is in good agreement with the next-to-leading order QCD calculation for E{sup {gamma}}{sub T}(greater-or-similar sign)36 GeV . (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.


The usage of long-range optical systems for tracking applications encounters regions of deep turbulence throughout propagation. Such conditions lead to the inability to remain on target for a tracked object due to scintillation. To mitigate this issue, a double pass optical system is utilized as a means of tracking enhanced backscatter (EBS) and thus keeping alignment while characterizing turbulent conditions. EBS is detected through image processing algorithms that capture the returning constructive interference from the target. This paper evaluates EBS optical systems using a retro-reflector at a 1 kilometer distance in order to validate theoretical models that typify atmospheric turbulence regarding low-ground propagation. Meteorological conditions are also included in the empirical data obtained for the analysis of atmospheric conditions that contribute to non-homogenous turbulent conditions along the path.


The phenomenon of stochastic resonance of an over—damped second—order linear system driven by coupled white noise is investigated.Based on linear-system theory and the correlation deletion method,the explicit expression of the output amplitude gain(OAG) of the system is obtained.It is shown that the OAG is a non-monotonic function of the strength of the noise,the system damping coefficient,the system intrinsic frequency,as well as the frequency of the driving signal.By choosing appropriate parameters of the noise and the system,the OAG of the noisy system can be larger than that of the noise-free system.


Endemic to the south-west Atlantic Ocean, the shortnose guitarfish (Zapteryx brevirostris) is a small species, classified as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). While reproduction in captivity has been successful for some species, a range of factors can limit the success of captive breeding programs for elasmobranchs. In Brazil, the Ubatuba Aquarium was the first public aquarium to reproduce small-sized elasmobranchs. Since 2018, at least 5 parturition events were recorded for Z. brevirostris at the institution. From a total of 13 live neonates that rearing was attempted, the mean ± standard error of weight, total length and disc width at birth were 17.47 ± 1.6g, 13.25 ±0.7cm and 6.53 ± 0.2cm, respectively. The mean weight as well as mean TL were higher for females at all births, with 26.15g and 15.07cm for females in comparison with 17.09g and 13.94cm for males. Considering the increasing risk of extinction that the species is facing, age and growth studies are fundamental for the success of conservation, improving the knowledge of Zapteryx brevirostris life cycle so that a more efficient and sustainable management can be carried out. This study provides important data, as well as directions for captive breeding of the species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


We analyze multipartite entanglement between atomic ensembles within quantum matter–light interfaces. In our proposal, a polarized light beam crosses sequentially several polarized atomic ensembles impinging on each of them at a given angle αi. These angles are crucial parameters for shaping the entanglement since they are directly connected to the appropriate combinations of the collective atomic spins that are squeezed. We exploit such a scheme to go beyond the pure state paradigm proposing realistic experimental settings to address multipartite mixed state entanglement in continuous variables.


Digital watermarking is an effective method of copyright protection.By using fine wavelet analysis and HVS model,the robustness of the watermarking can be enhanced.Further more,it is proposed to realize spread-spectrum watermarking for still images with binary sequences produced by spatiotemporal chaotic systems.The binary sequences arc sensitive to the initial values of spatiotemporal chaotic systems.The statistical properties of the binary spread-spectrum sequences.such as the run lengths distribution properties,auto and cross correlation,are very excellent.The simulation results show that tire watermarking is invisibleand robust.


Abstract This paper aims to give exploration about vocabulary and make a match method, and how to teach vocabulary through make a match method especially for junior high school students. Vocabulary is basic by using card contains question and answer cards. Teaching vocabulary through make a match method can make learning process interesting, make students understand the meaning and spelling of words in English, to make students have ability to communicate with other, and to make the students express their ideas in English. There are four steps to build vocabulary are: being aware at words, reading, using dictionary and studying and reviewing regularly. There are some activities use in testing student vocabulary. First, identification: students are able to give response orally or in written form to identify appropriate words based on the definition. Second,  multiple choices: students are able to choose the right words of more than two words have been provided in a test. Third, matching items; words are presented in column. There are four methods in teaching vocabulary. Listening carefully, pronounching the word, method of grasping the meaning, make a match method. Make a match method is one of the cooperative learning methods that makes the students active in teaching and learning process. Make a match method is learning using card. It consists of question cards and the other consists of answer from the question. To teaching vocabulary  through make a match method use three procedure consist of pre-teaching activities the activity done before teaching process, in whilst-teaching activities the teacher instructs and asks the students to do some activities, and post teaching activities is necessary as the follow up phase on what the students have studied. Keywords: Teaching vocabulary, make a match


An improved algorithm for multi-polarization reconstruction from compact polarimetry (CP) is proposed. According to two fundamental assumptions in compact polarimetric reconstruction, two improvements are proposed. Firstly, the four-component model-based decomposition algorithm is modified with a new volume scattering model. The decomposed helix scattering component is then used to deal with the non-reflection symmetry condition in compact polarimetric measurements. Using the decomposed power and considering the scattering mechanism of each component, an average relationship between co-polarized and cross-polarized channels is developed over the original polarization state extrapolation model. E-SAR polarimetric data acquired over the Oberpfaffenhofen area and JPL/AIRSAR polarimetric data acquired over San Francisco are used for verification, and good reconstruction results are obtained, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


The etherification technology for FCC light gasoline is to reduce olefin content in FCC gasoline and improve gasoline octane number.The research progress of catalysts for FCC light gasoline etherification are reviewed,including strong acidic cation exchange resin catalyst,zeolite catalyst and supported heteropolyacid catalyst,etc.The advantages and disadvantages of three kinds of catalysts are analyzed,and the research direction of catalysts for FCC light gasoline etherification is prospected.


The aim of the research was to study the influence of weather and climatic environmental factors on the formation of the apricot productivity of various origins. The objects of research were 45 apricot cultivars planted on the collection area in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. Phenological observations, yield accepting and determination of plant productivity of different apricot cultivars were done in accordance with generally accepted methods. When analyzing the data of phenological observations during the past 13 years due to climate change, acceleration of flowering and ripening have not been identified. The excess of monthly average precipitation with low monthly average air temperatures leads to a delay of the beginning of flowering of apricot plants by 1-3 weeks. The excess of monthly average air temperature during the period of formation (April-May) and fruit ripening (June-July), as well as a significant decrease in the amount of precipitation relative to their long-term average, accelerates the fruit ripening period. For the studied cultivars, it ranged from 1 to 3 weeks, in comparison with long-term data. Apricot cultivars and forms that better adapted to new growing conditions and have several valuable characteristics were selected: Large Early, Bucuria, Magister, Mandule Kajszi, Sanatate, Stokk, Ketch-Pshar (early or late ripening is combined with high yield; later flowering is combined with early or late fruit ripening). They are of interest for production testing, amateur gardeners and breeders.