Gender predisposition towards female leaders within the South African context remains a problem and compelling issue, particularly in rural settings, which are often marginalised and overlooked. Guided by the transformational leadership theory, this article explored the experiences of South African female principals in managing secondary schools in the Vhembe District of Limpopo. A profoundly traditional and patriarchal society characterises this rural setting. Hence, a qualitative research approach and a case study design were used. Ten female principals from ten (10) randomly selected secondary schools in the Vhembe District were purposively selected to serve as participants. Through semi-structured interviews, data were gathered from the sampled participants. Findings from the article reveal that patriarchy still plays a role in disadvantaging women from effectively assuming their duties as leaders. Most of the participants–female principals are subjected to gender bias and thus, unproductive, impact the cooperation from learners, parents, teachers, the community, and the Department of Education officials. Despite unpleasant experiences, female leaders in this article demonstrate selflessness in their daily leadership tasks and routines. Furthermore, they are inspirational and serve as role models to all they had relationships with for the transformation and change they desire in their schools. To the sampled principals, being selfless and inspirational is their leadership strength. One way of the few mentioned becoming a leader one aspires to.


In order to study the mechanical properties of the angle variable cross-section transmission tower against the corner of a 500kV transmission line tower, it becomes a node by node plate tower slope at a single angle and dual angle connected to a total of ten bars, dozens of bolts. The entire tower was built finite element model, the model is modal analysis, the results of the analysis of compliance with regulatory requirements. In the most unfavorable conditions, the tower each node variable slope rod internal forces are extracted, come times of stress accounted main material angle of principal stress ratio is large, need to be considered in the design.


By taking Langyashan Pumped-Storage Power Plant as a case,the main sequence of black start and the test result are introduced,and then the main risks during back start are analyzed and the specific solving measures are given as well.


The analysis in this paper reveals that on the individual level, the institutional framework continues to exert a profound impact on social organizations' forms and civic engagement in China. The CGSS2012-based analysis leads to the following findings. For a start, political party members and danwei employees demonstrate a higher degree of social organizational involvement and civic engagement. In the meanwhile, the party members' role in promoting civic engagement is achieved to some extent through mediating effect of social organizations. Next, various types of social organizations have significantly increased civic engagement on a practical level. Finally, income plays a large role to increase the individuals' organizational involvement, albeit with no obvious influence on civic engagement in practice. These findings are significant in the following ways. First, from an empirical perspective, the current institutional design for social organizations to participate in social governance has delivered the expected results. Second, it confirmed the existence of activists with distinct features in social life as well as the integration of multiple governing networks in social space at grassroots level. Third, in theory, this paper noted that apart from institutional environment of technical governance by bureaucratic government, institutional framework constitutes an important institutional foundation for the development of social organizations, giving rise to the need of further discussions about the interaction mechanism between political parties and society.


Let S be a commutative semigroup with identity, and let H be a real Hilbert space with inner product 〈 · , · 〉 and norm ‖ · ‖. We also denote by Z, Z, R and R the sets of all integers, nonnegative integers, real numbers and nonnegative real numbers, respectively. Let C be a subset of H. Then a mapping T : C → C is called nonexpansive if ‖Tx−Ty‖ ≤ ‖x−y‖ for all x, y ∈ C. The first nonlinear ergodic theorem for nonexpansive mappings (in a Hilbert space) was established by Baillon [1]: Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of H and let T be a nonexpansive mapping of C into itself. If T has a fixed point, then the Cesàro means (1/n) ∑n−1 k=0 T x converge weakly as n →∞ to a fixed point y of T. In this case, put y = Px for each x ∈ C. Then P is a nonexpansive retraction of C onto the set Fix(T ) of fixed points of T such that PT = TP = P for all n ∈ Z, and Px ∈ clco{Tx : n ∈ Z} for each x ∈ C, where clco A is the closure of the convex hull of A. In [33, 34], Takahashi proved the existence of such an ergodic retraction for an amenable semigroup of nonexpansive mappings in a Hilbert space. And also Rodé [30] found a sequence of means on the semigroup, generalizing the Cesàro means on the positive integers, such that the corresponding sequence of mappings converges to an ergodic


The invention relates to a multifunctional ecological purification system for large-scale circulation breeding water, which is used for exchanging water in a pond and purifying the breeding wastewater in the pond. The purification system comprises an efficient precipitation and filtration region, an ecological breeding purification region, an artificial wetland purification region, a water collecting pond and an automatic water quality monitoring and regulating device, wherein the efficient precipitation and filtration region, the ecological breeding purification region and the artificial wetland purification region are used for purifying a water body, and the automatic water quality monitoring and regulating device is used for monitoring the quality of the water body in the purification system and controlling operation of the purification system. Compared with the prior art, the system can be used for automatically monitoring the water quality in the system, so that water in the pond can satisfy the requirements of aquaculture water after being subjected to circulation treatment of the purification system. Meanwhile, aquatic animals and plants and bottom mud generated in the purification system can be recycled. The system provided by the invention can be applied to purifying large-scale aquaculture wastewater and has good economic and environmental benefits.


I believe that Dr. Peplau's seminal work on interpersonal relations has been, and continues to be, the essence of psychiatric nursing. Peplau is the creator of modern psychiatric nursing practice, of which the central element is the nurse-patient relationship. While reviewing what I consider to be the classic books that contain Peplau's works: Inter personal Relations in Nursing (Peplau, 1952); Aspects of Psychiatric Nursing, Therapeutic Concepts from 1956 NLN Conference (Peplau, 1957); Interpersonczl Theory in Nursing Practice, Selected Works of Hildegard E. Peplau (O'Toole & Welt, 1989); and Psychiatric Nursing 1974


The Somatic Marker Hypothesis (SMH) proposes that physiological feedback to the brain influences cognitive appraisal and decision-making; however, the strength of evidence in support of the SMH is equivocal. In this study we examined the validity of the SMH by measuring physiological arousal in a population of healthy individuals playing the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT); a computerised card game designed to assess real-life decisionmaking. We also aimed to clarify uncertainty regarding the influence of reinforcer type and impulsiveness to IGT performance and the SMH. Skin conductance level (SCL) and heart rate reactivity were measured in forty-one participants performing the IGT using either facsimile or real money. Participants were categorised as non-impaired or impaired on the basis of their IGT performance, and any differences in performance and physiological between groups were examined. Heart rate data did not reveal any effects. Robust differences in SCL reactivity during the task were not found between impaired and nonimpaired individuals; however, marginal SCL rises were observed when non-impaired individuals anticipated and received a reward from disadvantageous choices compared with advantageous ones. This effect was found only when using facsimile money and did not occur in impaired individuals, suggesting some effect of reinforcer type on physiological activity and performance, and a difference in the physiology of impaired and non-impaired individuals. No significant differences in impulsiveness were found between impaired and non-impaired individuals. The findings suggest that autonomic activity is independent of long-term good or bad decision-making, and may reflect differences between decks in the magnitude of gain and loss. It is concluded that further substantiating evidence is needed for the SMH to continue as an explanation for human decision-making. Autonomic arousal during good and bad decisions 3 Does autonomic arousal distinguish good and bad decision-making? Healthy individuals' skin conductance and heart rate reactivity during the Iowa Gambling Task Since its introduction less than 15 years ago, the Somatic Marker Hypothesis (SMH) (Damasio, 1994; Bechara, Damasio, Damasio, & Anderson, 1994) has quickly become an influential account of human decision-making. The central proposal of the SMH is that physiological states of the body (somatic state) act to guide decisions. When a decision must be made, factual information regarding the possible response options and their likely outcomes is recalled; associated with each response option outcome is a somatic state, which represents the physiological response of the body to the given situation. When considering which response option to pursue, somatic states mark the 'goodness' or 'badness' of each outcome based on the consequences of previous encounters with the same or similar situations. These somatic markers thereby assist decision-making by rapidly rejecting bad choices and endorsing good ones, making the accompanying logic-based, cost-benefit analysis more manageable. This process often operates outside of conscious awareness, as somatic markers can act both overtly and covertly. Fortunately, indicators of autonomic nervous system activity, i.e. skin conductance level (SCL) and heart rate, may be used to signal somatic marker activity. Accordingly, the SMH predicts changes in SCL and heart rate when possible response options are being considered and somatic markers are acting to guide this process, i.e. in the period when a decision is being anticipated. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) (Bechara et al., 1994) was created by Bechara and colleagues to provide an experimental measure of human decision-making and the SMH. The task was designed to mimic real life decision-making in the way reward, punishment and uncertainty are represented. Playing the task involves selecting sequential cards from four decks (A, B, C and D) in order to win money. The decks differ in the magnitude and frequency of money lost and won. Decks A and B are considered bad and indicative of Autonomic arousal during good and bad decisions 4 disadvantageous decision-making in that frequently selecting from these decks leads to longterm losses. Conversely, decks C and D are considered good or representative of advantageous decision-making as frequently selecting from these decks leads to long-term gains. Normal performance on the task is characterised by selecting more cards from the good decks than the bad ones. Bechara et al. (2001) reported that healthy individuals playing the task develop a preference for the good decks (C and D), and generate anticipatory skin conductance response (SCR) prior to a selection from a bad deck (A or B). Carter and Pasqualini (2004) support the role of anticipatory somatic activity in guiding decisions in healthy individuals, reporting a positive correlation between anticipatory autonomic response and successful performance on the gambling task. Crone, Somsen, Van Beek, and Van Der Molen (2004) also found changes in SCL and heart rate activity preceded the risky choices of healthy individuals showing good, but not poor, performance. Does Physiological Reactivity Guide Decisions? Although the SMH emphasises the role of anticipatory somatic markers as chief in guiding future decisions, the development of anticipatory somatic markers is contingent on appraisal (i.e. outcome) physiology. Individuals acquire somatic markers via prior experience using feedback from appraisal physiology. Accordingly, individuals who show poor or absent appraisal physiology should be unable to develop anticipatory somatic markers to guide future decisions, and thus exhibit impaired decision-making. Consistent with this, Suzuki, Hirota, Takasawa and Shigemase (2003) found, in a population of 40 healthy individuals, that low appraisal SCRs in response to early trials were related to persistence in selecting risky choices on later trials. However, despite the existence of greater magnitude anticipatory SCRs in response to risky choices, the expected relationship between anticipatory SCRs and performance was not supported, nor was there evidence of anticipatory SCR development over time. These findings appear contrary to the assumption that decision-making performance depends on the development of anticipatory SCRs, and suggests that appraisal Autonomic arousal during good and bad decisions 5 physiology underlie individual differences in decision-making. Conversely, Crone et al. (2004) found autonomic activity during appraisal to be independent from performance strategy, while heart rate slowing and SCL were greater preceding selections from bad but not good decks. Tomb, Hauser, Deldin and Caramazza (2002) further challenge the notion that somatic states act to mark the long-term consequences of decisions. They propose that high magnitude physiological responses are elicited when healthy participants anticipate bad decks, because bad decks yield rewards and punishments of high magnitude compared to good decks. As such, the larger anticipatory SCRs observed for bad decks represents the magnitude of wins and losses rather than long-term outcomes. Tomb et al. (2002) provide support for this idea using a modified version of the gambling task, in which good decks were associated with a higher magnitude of reward and punishment than bad decks. They concluded that card selections are driven by long-term consequences, whereas anticipatory SCRs reflect the immediate choices at hand. Further criticisms of the SMH are presented by Maia and McClelland (2004) who conclude that there is no reason to think that somatic markers, as indexed by SCRs, play a causal role in guiding decision-making. They base their conclusion on findings that healthy participants demonstrate sufficient conscious knowledge regarding the gambling task to behave advantageously. Real versus Facsimile Money The IGT has been subject to several variations in administration, one example of which is alteration in the type of reinforcer used to perform the task (e.g. real versus facsimile). Research indicates good reason to believe that provision of a financial incentive influences performance on decision-making tasks (Hertwig & Ortmann, 2001). With this in mind, it is non-trivial that the original gambling task involves players using facsimile or play Autonomic arousal during good and bad decisions 6 money, whereas other researchers have altered this to using real money (e.g. Schmitt, Brinkley, & Newman, 1999; Bowman & Turnbull, 2003; Suzuki et al. 2003). Bowman and Turnbull (2003) compared the effect of using real versus facsimile money during the gambling task. No significant differences were found as a consequence of money type; however, a non-significant variation between the two healthy groups' performance indicated steep avoidance of bad decks following substantial losses in the real money condition. Bowman and Turnbull (2003) suggest that this (non-significant) difference may indicate somatic markers of enhanced magnitude when using real money; however, their study did not incorporate physiological evidence to substantiate this claim. A subsequent study by Carter and Pasqualini (2004) explored Bowman and Turnbull's (2003) suggestion in a group of 30 healthy women, finding anticipatory SCR was related to amount of money won or lost, and indicating that stronger autonomic responses accompany better performance. However, contrary to Bowman and Turnbull's (2003) prediction, there was no difference in aSCR magnitude of real versus facsimile money conditions. Financial incentive is suggested as the primary explanation for any effect of real versus facsimile money, and accordingly studies comparing these reinforcer types have allowed participants to keep all or a proportion of the final winnings (Schmitt et al., 1999; Bowman & Turnbull, 2003; Carter & Pasqualini, 2004; Fernie & Tunney, 2006). However, the mechanism


The angular distributions of elastically scattered 11.85Mev deuterons on Al/sup 27/ and of 11.5-Mev deuterons on Si/sup 28/, P/sup 31/, and S/sup 32/ were measured, between 15 and l52.5 deg . (auth)


In the article, the authors study the possibility of applying a design approach to managing the development of an agglomeration. They identify the main structural elements of the agglomeration as an object of project management, as well as target principles and main management tasks. Using the example of Krasnodar agglomeration, the authors consider the priorities of agglomeration development in the context of the priorities of national and regional projects. The authors name the main characteristics of the project for the development of Krasnodar urban agglomeration.


It's well known that in the high-level error bound for multiquadric interpolation there is a crucial constant lambda lying between 0 and 1 which connot be calculated or even approximated. The purpose of this paper is to answer this question.


Sustainability has always been a concern of humankind in one form or the other. Still, it has come into sharper focus after the promulgation of the sustainable development goals in 2015 and the disruptive forces unleashed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Supply chain management is an aspect of business operations wherein the need for sustainability has been felt more keenly. The academic and business understanding of various nuances of incorporating sustainability, particularly environmental concerns in the supply chain, is still evolving. Our study seeks to enrich the growing literature in the area by proposing to uncover a novel, logical sequence of intangible supply chain resources that can amplify the impact of green supply chain management practices (GSCMPs) on business performance. We use the dual-theoretical lens of a resource-based view and stakeholder theories to conceptualize the sequential mediational role of supply chain visibility, resilience, and robustness between GSCMP and performance. Analyzing data collected from 318 individuals working in the manufacturing sector in the United Kingdom, we found a positive direct association of GSCMP with performance and the serial mediational role of visibility and robustness between the two. The findings of our study are pertinent for theorists as well as managers. © 2023 The Authors. Business Strategy and The Environment published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.


Background. Orthosiphon stamineus is a popular medicinal plant from tropical Asia consumed in the form of in− fusions. Glechoma hederacea, once popular as a medicinal plant and as a bitter beer supplement, is a ubiquitous weed growing wild in moderate climates of Eurasia. Both plants belong to the Nepetoideae subfamily and are rich in phenolic antioxidants such as rosmarinic acid and flavonoids. Antioxidant activity can contribute to their tradi− tional uses in phytotherapy as well as to their preventive value in degenerative and life−style diseases. Objectives. Two medicinal Lamiaceae species were chosen to test their antioxidant potential using three comple− mentary assays. Preliminary screening for total polyphenols and phenolic acids was also performed to find corre− lations with the activity. Fractionation of the crude extract was carried out to reveal the contributions of compo− unds of different polarity to total antioxidant status. Interspecific variation was also analyzed. Material and Methods. Aqueous methanol extracts were prepared by reflux extraction from Orthosiphonis folium and Glechomae herba. The extracts were fractionated using liquid−liquid extraction (LLE) with petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), and n−butanol (BuOH). All extracts and fractions were studied for their antioxidant activity using spectrophotometric assays: • DPPH scavenging, phosphomolybdenum reduction, and deoxyribose degradation assay. Polyphenol content was studied by the Folin−Ciocalteu method, Arnow reac− tion, and Lopez−Arnaldos assay. Results. Predictably, both species possess remarkable antioxidant capacity, but the relative differences between the species and fractions depended on the applied assay. Varying correlation of total polyphenol content and the amo− unts of various chemical classes of polyphenols was also observed depending on the mechanism of antioxidant te− sting. In O. stamineus, partitioning the crude extract led to distribution of the initially very high activity among the DCM, EA, and butanol fractions, whereas in G. hederacea the moderate activity of the methanol extract was greatly enhanced in the EA and butanol fractions, which were the strongest in all assays. Conclusions. These plants can provide efficient antioxidant protection by complementary mechanisms such as free radical scavenging and metal ion reduction. However, Orthosiphonis herba is more effective as an integral extract due to the synergistic action of its components, while Glechomae herba needs fortification by fractioning the crude extract into polar solvents to increase the proportion of rosmarinic acid, the most active agent in this herb (Adv Clin Exp Med 2008, 17, 6, 615–624).


This article presents the results of an exploratory study that sought to analyze the attitude of 476 consumers in the city of Campo Grande about to their perception, motivation and tendency to food neophobia regarding the consumption of an innovative food product, the cheesy bread with carrot developed by SENAI/MS. Data were statistically treated by multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis with the help of the French software program SPAD. The results of these analyses allowed the composition of a typology of behaviors. The four most representative groups from that sample were defined as: "Cheese bread, only if it is homemade", "I like innovation, as long as the product appearance is similar to the homemade one", "I really trust in a well-known brand", and "None of that interests me". The results showed that three of the four groups of respondents tended to reject innovative/unfamiliar food products. Less neophobic behaviors were perceived in groups more represented by women with higher income and level of information. The lack of time or skill in the preparation of food and the ability of the sector to offer products similar to the homemade ones or to those made by mothers/grandmothers are the main reasons for the positive attitudes toward the new product. The results of this paper represent, for the industry and other public and private powers, important information sources for building their policies.


Introduction: Uncertainty exists as to the optimum interval for initiation of oral anticoagulation (OAC) after an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Randomized clinical trials of novel oral anticoagulants excluded patients with AIS within 7-14 days. We sought to identify patients at low risk for early initiation of OAC after AIS. Hypothesis: The benefit of starting OAC within 2 days to prevent recurrent AIS outweighs the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in select patients. Methods: Following IRB approval, we completed a retrospective review of patients from the Cleveland Clinic from 2012-2014 with AIS, AF, and at least 1 follow up visit. In addition to demographic and medical history, acute infarct volume on imaging, presence of HT on imaging prior to OAC, timing and type of oral anticoagulation, and ischemic and hemorrhagic complications were noted. Early OAC was defined as starting within 48 hours after stroke onset, and late OAC was thereafter. The two groups were compared using Fisher's exact test for categorical and Wilcoxon Rank Sum for numeric variables. Results: One hundred patients (median age 76, interquartile range 66-84) met our study criteria. Thirty-one patients were started on OAC within 2 days vs 53 patients after 2 days (median 1 days vs median 11 days). Compared to patients started on OAC after 2 days, those who initiated OAC within 2 days had significantly lower infarct volume (median 3.35 ml vs median 9.8 ml; p Conclusions: Our results suggest the safety of early initiation of OAC with 2 days in an appropriately selected population of patients with AIS, who have small infarct volumes, mild stroke severity, and lack of HT.


The dynamics of anthropogenic climate change is not merely a question of natural processes, but first and foremost, a question of economy, society, and culture. The humanities are therefore crucial to analyzing issues like migration, new risks because of extreme weather events, violent conflict, and the impact of global warming on political stability.


In order to find a natural antifreeze agent which can protect sperm better,the sperm frozen-thawed of pig semen was added with different concentrations of laminarin,and sperm motility,mitochondrial activity,sperm plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity of pig after freezing were studied to explore the frozen effect of different concentrations of laminarin on pig semen.


A device for sealing an ostomy bag to the skin of a patient, comprises a sheet of material capable of adhering to the skin of a patient so as to provide a substantially liquid tight seal. The sheet has a slit or cut extending as a spiral or the like. An aperture may then be produced in the sheet as desired by unwinding the coil defined by the spiral slit or cut. The sheet may be of a gelatinous material having a basis of Karaya gum and/or another hydrophilic material.


Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) is interested in the design and construction of uncoated steel with better corrosion resistance in harsh and corrosive environments experienced in Pacific Northwest. ASTM A1010 steel contains more than 10.5 percent chromium, which makes this steel more resistive to corrosion than weathering steel and all grades of high performance steels. ASTM G101 and Federal Highway Administration's findings, published in publication number FHWA-HRT-11-061 in July 2011 support this conclusion. After an extensive study of ASTM A1010 steel and developing a weld procedure for fabrication of A1010 steel girders, ODOT decided to construct a bridge utilizing this steel. FHWA supported the concept and awarded an Innovative Bridge Research and Development (IBRD), grant for design and fabrication of high corrosion resistant steel plate girders. There are currently two ASTM A1010 steel bridges in service in the State of Oregon. This paper describes critical aspects and characteristics of ASTM A1010 steel and presents the results of ODOT's investigation into the suitability of A1010 steel in the design and construction.


DOI: 10.4328/ACAM.6078 Received: 07.11.2018 Accepted: 08.12.2018 Published Online: 21.12.218 Printed: 01.09.2019 Ann Clin Anal Med 2019;10(5): 611-5 Corresponding Author: Ebru H. Ayvazoğlu Soy, Department of General Surgery, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. T.: +90 3122036868 F.: +90 3122030521 E-Mail: ebruayvazoglu@gmail ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0993-9917 Abstract Aim: During the past decades, there has been a substantial and growing evidence that static magnetic fields (SMF) and pulsed electromagnetic fields (EMF) can both produce satisfying therapeutic effects on various disorders. There have been researches about the efficacy of SMF in wound healing. However, there is no any investigation about the efficacy of SMF in burn wound healing. In this experimental study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of SMF in partial thickness burn wound in rats. Material and Method: Forty male Sprague-Dawley male rats were used in the experiment. The modification of Sawada's burn model was applied. In Group1 magnets, in Group2 non-magnetic bars were placed vertically to the burn wound. In Group3 magnets, in Group4 non-magnetic bars were placed horizontally to the burn wound. The wound healing is evaluated by gross wound healing rate and histopathological examination. Results: In study groups, wound healing was faster, granulation with fibroblast migration was earlier, collagen production and neovascularisation were more than control groups. We found no relationship between wound healing and vector direction. Discussion: According to these results static magnetic field can be used in clinic to promote the healing in patients with burns. Especially, in cases that have no chance for grafting, to decrease complications and increase the survival, the static magnetic field can be an alternative.


The objective of the study is to determine if an over-borrowing bias emerges when the state fiscal base is shared by multiple general-purpose and special-purpose jurisdictions serving different groups of citizens.,This study uses panel data from all 50 states in the US from 1997 to 2007 to estimate models of total debt levels of state governments and total debt levels of all local governments aggregated at the state level. For comparison, it also estimates total debt levels of state and local governments taken together for the same years.,This study finds that jurisdictional overlap will increase state government debt, local government debt, as well as combined state and local government debt.,The finding from the study suggests that the fiscal common-pool model provides a more accurate analysis and more appropriate understanding of the institutional composition at the state and local public sector, especially for the vertical dimension of the local public sector where there are more specialized and overlapping jurisdictions.


A novel method for programming a robot, called the assembly-plan-from-observation (APO) method, is proposed. The APO method aims to build a system that has the capability of observing a human performing an assembly task, understanding the task based on the observation, and generating the robot program to achieve the same task. Assembly relations that serve as the basic representation of each assembly task are defined. It is verified that such assembly relations can be recovered from the observation of human assembly tasks, and that from such assembly relations it is possible to generate robot motion commands to repeat the same assembly task. An APO system based on the assembly relations is demonstrated.<<ETX>>


The decomposition temperature of the structure II clathrate hydrate of tetrahydrofuran has been followed to pressures above 3 kbars, where the hydrate is found to decompose incongruently in the regions of stability of ices III and II, with no evidence of formation of a denser hydrate. From measurements of liquid solution densities and of volume changes at hydrate decomposition the density of the hydrate was obtained. Comparison with the X-ray lattice dimension indicates that at least 98% of the large cages are occupied, the principal uncertainty being in the lattice parameter. A similar treatment is made of Tammann and Krige's data (23) for chloroform hydrate. Analysis of the results of 18 composition determinations of structure II hydrates shows no statistical evidence of departure from the ideal composition of 17 mol of water per mol of hydrate former.


Abstract : The effect of such binding media as acetone, benzene, castor oil, glycerine, acetylcellulose, cyanethylcellulose, alpha naphthysulfone, and nitrile of succinic acid on the brightness of electroluminescence condensors was investigated in detail. The experimental data confirmed the correctness of the Robert's equation correlating the brightness of the electroluminescence layers with the dielectric constant of the binding medium. It was found that one of the important roles played by the binding medium is to modify the field strength of the phosphorus.


Rum, Eigg, Muck, Canna, and Sanday make up the Small Isles of Inverness-shire, southwest of Skye, Scotland, United Kingdom. Nineteenth-century geologist-cumnaturalists recognized that Rum contained the roots of a central volcano that had infiltrated Precambrian and Jurassic rocks. Alfred Harker defined "allivalite" and "harrisite" rock types in the layered ultrabasic rocks. Various technical geological descriptions for Rum and elsewhere were updated or revised by E. B. Bailey and J. E. Richey, leading finally to the full-blown treatment of layered igneous rocks by geologists, including the mountaineer L. R. Wager and his students G. M. Brown, W. J. Wadsworth, C. H. Emeleus, and so forth. A flood of theses and research papers is beautifully integrated here into a seamless narrative. The real world of geological phenomena can tend to recede into a theoretical haze or even a mathematical mirage. Emeleus avoids this and carefully couples the complexities of geological fieldwork with the necessary selective simplification of analytic measurements and mathematical modeling. First, the setting. Lewisian gneisses in the Small Isles are small in outcrop but display the typical metamorphic features á la C. E. Tilley (plate 2). The cliffs cut by the Atlantic Ocean expose Torridonian sandstones and siltstones. Plates 4 and 5 illustrate Triassic cornstones and carbonate concretions. Sections 6–8 cover the Paleogene. The interpretation of the porphyritic rhyodacites demonstrates the difficulty of sorting out the intrusive history and physiochemical processes in such rocks, as exemplified by the photomicrographs of plate 8. The granites contain druses and are cut by basaltic dikes and sheets. Minor intrusions of plugs, dikes, sills, and fissure breccias speckle Rum like a multiple rash of measles. Is this merely geological noise? No, the dike trends on Rum are part of the regional pattern related to extensional tectonics. Plate 12 of Cams Mór puts everything in context: sandstone cliffs, trap-stepped lava flows, and dikes surveyed by two eagles riding the ocean breeze. The photomicrographs of zoned pyroxenes in gabbro, and of a calcite-gehlenite-wollastonite assemblage in altered limestone, illustrate the importance of minerals, as quantified so nicely by Stuart Agrell, Malcolm Brown, and many other petrographers. The layered peridotites and gabbros are dramatized by the photographs of the Askival and Hallival peaks. Plates 14–19 illustrate rhythmic layering, slumping, olivine fingers, ultrabasic breccias, and gorgeous mineral textures. Will we be able to make similar progress understanding the volcanism and weathering on Mars from surface features of wind-etched boulders transmitted by robots? The geological delights continue with intrusion breccias, hornfels, rheomorphism, column-jointed basalt and mugearite flows, beds of red sanidine-trachyte tuff, and so forth. Section 9 places Rum in a tectonic setting of crustal extension and fracturing, generating sedimentary basins punctured by volcanic liquids along near-parallel fissures. The Rum magmatism lasted from 62.5 Ma through the major events of 59 Ma to minor later activity. Does this time period match other major volcanic events around the world and perhaps correspond to a worldwide readjustment after the big Yucatan impact? The memoir concludes with descriptions of glaciations, raised beaches, peat, deep weathering, and minor economic possibilities. Together with the large multicolor geological maps, this is a classic geological memoir. It gives the reader a virtual trip, not so physically pleasurable as a field excursion, but much more comprehensible. I trust that many scientists will get as much pleasure reading the memoir as I did and imbibe a sense that igneous petrology and mineralogy are ultimately based on field geology. Rum is clearly a geological treasure-house worthy of designation as an International Site of Special Scientific Interest.


Summary The results of studies carried out in 10 European Medical Centres have shown the eficacy and safety of a new 2 gram single-dose regime of tinidarole. Two hundred and Jfty-one patients were treated and an eficacy of greater than 95 % was observed. The toleration was good, side-effects were self-limiting and mild. The results of several studies which were performed outside Europe are also reported. These were in agreement with those observed in Europe and were consistently excellent irrespective of geographical or racial characteristics. The new tinidazole dosage regiwe can now be


Integrated Injection Logic (I2 L) is a new highdensity, low power bipolar LSI technology that offers major performance advantages over other bipolar and MOS/LSI technologies. Results are presented on the experimentally-determined radiation sus ceptibility of developmental unhardened I2L LSI logic cells in terms of neutron-induced displacement damage, ionizing - dose-induced surface effects and transient photoresponse.


This paper presents the periodicals room and its usual activities and tries to understand contexts and processes involved in the building of information flows elaborated from such settings. Underlying this initial proposal, we intended to highlight the ethnotexts in a journalistic language anchored by 'discourse formations' and 'discourses', by Michel Foucault. In this process, the study aims at registering the theoretical basis on the role of periodicals rooms as a space for memory, preservation and access to knowledge, attempting to understand and evoke the way through which the information space was constituted in the past. Through the research, we were able to verify the importance of the collections of in periodicals rooms as a research source and of the latter as a place of memory.


Routineness is a central concepts in organizational theory and design and is widely understood as a product of low task variety and high task analyzability. Standardized scales to measure these dimensions been developed and shown to be reliable, but preliminary results reported here suggest the possibility that these scales may measure routineness in the content of a task unit's work but not variety in the process. Comparing results from the standard measures and detailed observational studies in three task units, we discovered that work processes in the most "routinized" task units (as measured by the standard scales) are more varied than in the less "routinized" task unit. To help explain these findings, we introduce and operationalize the concepts of lexical and sequential variety and use them to formulate testable propositions. We also discuss the implications of this alternative view of routines and routineness for issues such as organizaitonal learning, process redesign, and mass customization.


• Advances in therapy for and the increasing number of patients with cardiovascular disease have necessitated a review of the problems encountered in these patients who need dental care. For this purpose a conference, jointly sponsored by the American Heart Association and the American Dental Association, was held in April, 1963 to discuss the " Medical-Dental Management of Patients with Cardiovascular Disease." This report and subsequent additions represent the recommendations of this conference.


The propagation of photons through layered tissues is discussed using time resolved Monte Carlo method. The effects of the absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient and anisotropy coefficient on the shape of time resolved transmission are investigated. The energy attenuation of light in layered tissues is also achieved for the infinitesimal width light and infinite width light, respectively.


The Fe-ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst was prepared by Fe(NO3)3 and H-ZSM-5 zeolite with various Si/Al ratios. The effects of aqueous solution pH, reaction temperature, amounts of catalyst and H2O2 used, reaction time, stirring speed and Si/Al ratio on the degradation rate of phenol in waste water with high concentration were investigated, respectively. The results show that the degradation rate of phenol is 99% and removal rate of COD 88% under the optimal conditions. The performance of catalyst is affected obviously by the Si/Al ratio of the catalyst. The catalytic activity of Fe-ZSM-5 zeolite is not decreased after being used repeatedly. Compared with Fenton system, the concentration of iron ion in the treated solution is below 1×10-6 g/L by Fe-ZSM-5 catalyst, and the possibility of induced pollution caused by the metal ions in the solution is avoided.


CRA506 Background: The Dutch MIRROR study is the largest cohort study on pN1mi and pN0(i+) in the SN era with long-term follow-up, central pathology review (6th AJCC-classification), and separate analyses on the use of adjuvant systemic therapy (AST). In patients not receiving AST, pN1mi and pN0(i+) as final N-stage were shown to be independent prognosticators for disease-free survival (SABCS 2008, #23, oral). As a substantial number of patients in the MIRROR study did not undergo cALND or ax RT, we questioned whether this policy was safe in patients with pN1mi(sn) or pN0(i+)(sn).

METHODS
Patients operated for breast cancer in all Dutch hospitals in the years 1998-2005, having favorable primary tumor characteristics, and having undergone an SN biopsy without macrometastases as final N-stage were included. For this present research question, patients were categorized by their SN-stage. Median follow-up was 4.7 years. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate 5-year axillary recurrence (AR) rates, and Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR). In the analyses, the effect of AST was taken into account.

RESULTS
In total, 835 patients with pN0(i-)(sn), 799 patients with pN0(i+)(sn), and 958 patients with pN1mi(sn) were included. AR rates, and HRs on AR are displayed below.

CONCLUSIONS
Omission of cALND or ax RT in patients with pN1mi(sn) resulted in a significantly higher 5-year AR rate, even after correction for AST, and other patient and tumor characteristics. This indicates that patients with pN1mi(sn) should undergo cALND or ax RT to prevent AR. Support: The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) and the Dutch Breast Cancer Trialists' Group (BOOG). [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.


This article describes the location and origin of two natural soda ash sources both located on the African continent, operated by Magadi Soda, based in Kenya and by Botash in Bostwana. It also describes the processes, finished product and shipping arrangements for these two important soda ash operations.


H2 antagonists are widely prescribed medications and are often consumed by women who are unaware of being pregnant. In 23 cases reported to the Motherisk program there were two spontaneous abortions, two therapeutic abortions, 18 normal births, and one infant with a large hemangioma of the upper right eyelid. The hemangioma was removed without incident. Our data suggest that cimetidine and ranitidine may not be teratogenic risk in humans.


We investigate a new notion of embedding of subsets of {−1,1}n in a given normed space, in a way which preserves the structure of the given set as a class of functions on {1, …, n}. This notion is an extension of the margin parameter often used in Nonparametric Statistics. Our main result is that even when considering "small" subsets of {−1, 1}n, the vast majority of such sets do not embed in a better way than the entire cube in any normed space that satisfies a minor structural assumption. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2005


The present invention relates to one million kilowatts PWR units fully advanced low neutron leakage quarter refueling method and system of safety analysis, one million kilowatts a PWR unit fully advanced low neutron leakage quarter refueling method comprises, for each fuel assembly replaced with a new fuel cycle 1/4, i.e. 32-48 group, the new fuel assembly into the first position in the stack inside the core, the inner core within a core refers to the outer race times, comprising times the outer ring. According to the present invention fully advanced low neutron leakage quarter refueling method, can greatly improve the safety and economy and fuel core; maximum burnup of the fuel assembly may reach 57000MWd / tU, fuel cost can be saved on the one hand On the other hand extended the life of the reactor vessel. While security analysis system of the present invention is fully advanced low neutron leakage quarter refueling embodiment method provides essential conditions, and provide necessary environment for the use of this method to work the core arrangement.


Cell division cycle 20 (CDC20) encodes a regulatory protein interacting with the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) in the cell cycle and plays important roles in tumorigenesis and progression of multiple tumors. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of CDC20 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the role of CDC20 in the progression of HCC. By bioinformatics analysis, CDC20 was found to be the major node in HCC molecular interaction networks. Quantitative PCR and western blot analyses were applied to examine CDC20 expression in 16 paired primary HCC tissues. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to examine CDC20 protein expression in 132 matched paraffinembedded HCC tissues and to analyze the relationship between CDC20 staining and clinical characteristics. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting CDC20 was synthesized and transfected into HepG2 cells to investigate the role of CDC20 in cell growth and the cell cycle. Results show that CDC20 expression was upregulated in HCC tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor liver tissues. In the 132 matched HCC tissues, high expression levels of CDC20 were detected in 68.18% HCC samples, and overexpression of CDC20 was positively correlated with gender (P=0.013), tumor differentiation (P=0.000), TNM stage (P=0.012), P53 and Ki-67 expression (P=0.023 and P=0.007, respectively). Cells transfected with CDC20 siRNA showed a decrease in cell proliferation and increase in the number of cells in G2/M-phase. In conclusion, increased expression of CDC20 was demonstrated to be associated with the development and progression of HCC, and may be regarded as a promising therapeutic target for HCC. Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which represents the major histological subtype of primary liver cancers, is the fifth most frequent cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer mortality (1,2). The highest liver cancer rates are found in developing countries especially in East/South-East Asia and Middle/ Western Africa, whereas rates are low in South-Central, Western Asia, Northern and Eastern Europe (3). Genetic alteration and epigenetic high-risk factors such as chronic infection with HBV or HCV, hepatic cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease and aflatoxins account for the high morbidity of HCC (4-6). However, the molecular mechanism accompanied by hepatocarcinogenesis and progression is still largely unclear. Thus, it is critical for us to clarify the etiology and investigate the vitally molecular alteration underlying hepatocellular carcinoma initiation and progression, and ultimately improve our current concepts for diagnosing, screening and treatment of this disease. During the process of hepatocarcinogenesis, the abrogation of cell-cycle checkpoints is an important hallmark that may promote cancer formation (2). As one of the regulators of the cell cycle checkpoint, cell division cycle 20 (CDC20) appears to act as a regulatory protein interacting with the anaphasepromoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) in the cell cycle, which is required for anaphase initiation and late mitosis exit (7,8). Two regulatory factors, CDC20 and CDH1 directly bind to APC and activate its cyclin ubiquitination activity during mitosis and G1 phase (9,10). It has been reported that the receptor-associated protein 80 (RAP80), which recruits BRCA1 to DNA damage sites in the ubiquitin signaling pathway induced by DNA damage, can be degraded by the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C-Cdc20) or (APC/C-Cdh1) through polyubiquitination during mitosis to the G1 phase (11). The depletion of RAP80 showed a defective control of G2-M phase checkpoint and promoted mitotic cell cycle progression. CDC20 expression can be remarkably suppressed by p53 protein which inhibits malignant transformation through regulation of the cell cycle, cellular senescence and apoptosis related genes (12). High expression of CDC20 has been reported in various malignant tumors including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (13), oral squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer (14), cervical cancer (15) and various cancer Increased CDC20 expression is associated with development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma JIA LI1,2, JIAN-ZHI GAO1,4, JING-LI DU1, ZHONG-XI HUANG3* and LI-XIN WEI1* 1Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853; 2Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nankai University, Tianjing 300071; 3Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515; 4Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang 453000, P.R. China Received February 13, 2014; Accepted April 22, 2014 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2559 Correspondence to: Professor Li-Xin Wei, Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com *Contributed equally


The study analyzed cancers and cancer deaths through 2009 among 29,993 firefighters from the Chicago, Philadelphia, and San Francisco fire departments who were employed since 1950. The study was led by NIOSH in collaboration with the National Cancer Institute and the Department of Public Health Sciences in the University of California at Davis. The study was supported in part by funding from the U.S. Fire Administration.


The operational formalism to quantum mechanics seeks to base the theory on a firm foundation of physically well-motivated axioms [1]. It has succeeded in deriving the Feynman rules [2] for general quantum systems. Additional elaborations have applied the same logic to the question of identical particles, confirming the so-called Symmetrization Postulate [3]: that the only two options available are fermions and bosons [4, 5]. However, this seems to run counter to results in two-dimensional systems, which allow for anyons, particles with statistics which interpolate between Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein (see [6] for a review). In this talk we will show that the results in two dimensions can be made compatible with the operational results. That is, we will show that anyonic behavior is a result of the topology of the space in two dimensions [7], and does not depend on the particles being identical; but that nevertheless, if the particles are identical, the resulting system is still anyonic.


The electronic paramagnetic resonance g factors gx, gy and gz of an orthorhombic Dy3+ center in CdF2 are studied by the perturbation formulae of the g factors for a 4f9 ion in orthorhombic symmetry. In these formulae, the contributions to g factors due to J-mixing among the ground 6H15/2, the first excited 6H13/2 and the second excited 6H11/2 states via crystal-field interaction, lead to admixtures among the states with the same J-value via spin-orbit coupling. In addition, the admixtures between the lowest Kramers doublet Γγ and other 20 Kramers doublets Γ x within the states 6HJ (J = 15/2, 13/2 and 11/2) via crystal-field and orbital angular momentum interactions are considered. In the above orthorhombic center, the impurity Dy3+ is associated with co-doped crystals with alkali metal ions in the [110] axis. By analyzing the g factors, we find that the impurity Dy3+ ion does not reside in the ideal Cd2+ site but moves towards the co-doped alkali metal ion along the [110] direction by a displacement Δ Z ≈ 0.272 Å.


We extend de concept of Compton scattering to the case of plasmons. This concept was originally applied to electrons in vacuum. Here, we consider electrons in a plasma, and study the scattering properties of photon-plasmon interactions. We show that a number n of plasmons with frequency ω ≃ ω p is scattered by an electron, for an incident photon with frequency ω′≥ωp , where ω p is the plasma frequency. We describe the general case of arbitrary n and assume that Compton scattering of plasmons is intrinsically a nonlinear process. Our theoretical model is based on Volkov solutions of the Klein–Gordon equation describing the state of relativistic electrons, when the spin is ignored. We derive the corresponding scattering probability, as well as the recoil formula associated with arbitrary final electron states. This process can be relevant to intense laser-plasma interactions.


A 70-year-old woman with laryngeal carcinoma underwent a successful and uncomplicated PEG insertion for feeding. One week later she developed abdominal tenderness, although her abdomen was soft and bowel sounds were present. The PEG site was not erythematous and no other signs of infection were present. Feeding continued for another 10 days despite continuing pain. The patient developed a temperature of 398C, was tachycardic with a pulse of 110 beats/min and hypotensive with a blood pressure of 90/50 mmHg. Her abdomen became distended and erythematous. She was started on intravenous antibiotics and resuscitated. An urgent computed tomography scan showed a collection of gas in the anterior abdominal wall (Fig. 1), and at subsequent laparotomy a collection of feed and pus was found in the abdominal wall. The PEG tube had dislodged into the wall, creating a gastric fistula. The pus was drained and the wall irrigated. The patient made an uneventful recovery and was discharged on day 56.


This ethnographic research concerns the management of emotions in the editorial offices of the Finnish fashion-oriented lifestyle magazines, Elle Finland and Trendi. The material was collected through focused interviews and participant observation in editorial shoots. The analysis focuses on the informants' ways of acting in the editorial shoots and their experiences in their work and the role of emotions in content production and co-operative work practices. The study demonstrates that emotional labour is required in production of content that is aimed to move, please or surprise the model reader and through her, the actual readers of the magazine. The members of the photography team are inclined to suppress feelings of anxiety and at the same time support and encourage other team members and the photographed subject. Emotional labour maintains stability in a tightly scheduled and goal-oriented teamwork, and enables team members to attune to the intimate and convivial atmosphere. The study also gives evidence about cruel optimism as it points out how magazine staff adjust to the uncertainty of the magazine field and the increased personal workload by invoking in themselves feelings of enjoyment and suppressing feelings of strain.


WE all have a tendency to express ourselves in comparisons. If we can find a strong simile, we have at hand a brief and "snappy" illustration which fixes the truth upon the mind somewhat as do the parables of Jesus, for after all a parable is but an extended simile. Some persons are capable of creating very suggestive similes, while others, unaided, make a fiasco of every attempt. It isn't everyone who can suggest that a thing is as useless "as a street-sprinkler in Venice" or "as a washing-machine in a nudist colony," to say nothing of something being as uninteresting "as a Florida newspaper in California." Then we have similes that are of ironical and comical effect, e.g."clear as mud," "to swim like a stone," "to fit like a round peg in a square hole," etc. Some of the French variety are suggested by Ch. Bally in his "Trait6 de Stylistique frangaise," and have been incorporated into the list submitted below, under "clear" and "fit." One of the good French jokes which goes the rounds and which appeared in the little student paper, Le Petit Journal, February 1, 1935, and in the Courrier des tats-Unis, June 25, 1933, is that of the patient who consulted the doctor who, upon learning that he "worked like a horse," "ate like a wolf," and was "tired as a dog" each evening, advised him to consult a veterinary. These similes occur in the present list. We hear the expression in English, "knee-high to a grasshopper." A certain advertisement in the Courrier des Ftats-Unis of December 4, 1935, p. 3, brings us face to face with the equivalent expression in French, with the difference that the French comparison does not carry the hyperbole so far as the English. The advertisement concerns dogs and is in the form of a question: "Vous rappelez-vous, lorsque vous 6tiez haut comme trois pommes, comme vous d siriez poss6der un jeune toutou, plus que n'importe quoi au monde?" Not wishing to be too sensational, I have listed this simile under "small" and "tall."


Superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) mixers remain the choice of heterodyne mixers for single-dish telescopes and interferometers at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. Compared with conventional Nb/AlOx/Nb superconducting tunnel junctions, Nb/AlN/NbN ones have larger gap voltage and may reach critical-current density beyond 10kA/cm2, which are both of particularly interest in developing broadband SIS mixers. Here we report on the design and measurement of an SIS mixer based on Nb/AlN/NbN parallel connected twin junctions (PCTJ) incorporating NbTiN/SiO2/Al microstrip circuit. The junctions have a gap voltage of 3.18mV and a critical-current density of 15kA/cm2. The measured receiver noise temperature reach 5hν/kB among 200-260GHz band, and the mixer's fractional bandwidth is about 40% centered at 230GHz.


This paper identifies issues that must be considered by Information Systems scholars interested in helping to build a rich, interdisciplinary community to support applied research into the impact of the social web. We describe challenges and opportunities presented by the social web for Information Systems research and argue that an interdisciplinary approach may address the challenges of pursuing research questions about ephemeral social web phenomena. Through the creation of communities of practice that bring together faculty, IT professionals, and students from across academic colleges and high performance computing groups that lay a foundation for collaboration, information systems scholars may realize new opportunities for behavioral, design science, business intelligence, and IS strategy research. More importantly, through an interdisciplinary community of practice, we may inform how to develop an information systems curriculum that equips our students to participate in the growing knowledge economy.


Dual crystalline diblock copolymers consisting of polymethylene (PM) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blocks as well as triblock terpolymers with polystyrene (PS) as middle block were synthesized. For the synthesis, two/three different polymerization methods such as polyhomologation, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and iodine transfer polymerization (ITP) along with chain-end postpolymerization reactions were employed. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy revealed the characteristic peaks of all constituent blocks while gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results demonstrated the controlling/living nature of all implemented polymerization methods. The analysis of crystallization behavior based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicates the presence of different PVDF crystalline phases (α, β, and γ) n block copolymers. Further analysis with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies revealed the coexistence of α- and β-phases in diblock copolymers and β-...


Taking the example of precise gasket blanking die, the author introduces that the key of compound die assembly is adjusting the gap between moulds which directly influences the quality of products and the dies lifetime. When assembling, one must assure the uniformity of the gap between the terrace and sunken die.


What principles should guide human interaction with the environment? This course considers a range of moral perspectives, including anthropocentrism, animal-rights theory, biocentrism, social ecology, ecocentrism, deep ecology, ecofeminism etc.


Abstract The traditional method of measuring the sound power radiated by a source in a reverberation room is examined theoretically and experimentally with particular regard to low frequencies. This method has for many years been suspected of underestimation at low frequencies. However, this suspicion is not confirmed. The "Waterhouse correction" is shown to be surprisingly accurate even at very low frequencies. It is also shown that the radiated sound power of a monopole source of constant strength with appropriate averaging over source positions equals the free field power of the source. Finally, it is demonstrated that the usual sound power estimate based on measurement of the spatial average of the mean square pressure is unbiased, provided that the losses of the room are deduced from the initial rates of decay.


Introduction This paper proposes a model of the syntax-phonology interface which is compatible with a central assumption of mainstream syntax, that phonology and morphology are interpreted from syntactic structures, and mainstream phonology, which models phonological processes by ranked or weighted constraints. The central idea is to combine Cophonology Theory (Ito & Mester 1995, Anttila 2002, Inkelas & Zoll 2005) with PhaseTheory (Chomsky 2001, Abels 2012, Boskovic 2014), which allows cophonologies to scope over the spelled-out chunks of syntax. Cophonologies by phase Inkelas (2014) demonstrates that morphologically conditioned phonology and process morphology involve the same operations at several levels. As process morphology is easily modeled with constraint rankings rather than morphemes, Inkelas's generalization provides a direct argument that both process morphology and morphologically conditioned phonology are due to cophonologies, the association of constraint rankings with particular morphemes. We propose a model of cophonologies where constraint rankings are associated with Vocabulary Items in Distributed Morphology (Halle and Marantz 1994). In particular, we propose that a VI maximally consists of the association of morphosyntactic features with three phonological components: featural content (F ), consisting of tonal or segmental features, prosodic content (P), which situates the VI in the prosodic hierarchy, and a subranking of constraints (R) which serve to provide a partial override to a default master constraint ranking (or which combine in a weighted constraint model). F , P or R can be null for a particular VI. Consider a hypothetical verbalizing suffix -ga, which, with its host, corresponds to a prosodic word and which is associated with the constraint-ranking B≫A:


A 10 week feeding trial was conducted to determine the utilization of Malted
SorghumSprout (MSP) in the diet of growing pullets. The experimental diet were
ormulatedto contain either 0, 15, or 30% MSP.
A total of 168 one-week old pullet chicks were used for the experiment. 56
birdswere alloted to each of the three dietary treatments. Each dietary treatment was
urther divided into 4 replicate of 14 birds each. Performance characteristics
(liveweight, weight gain, feed intake and feed to gain ratio and digestibilities of
proximateconstituents were used as l:;riteriaof response.


Acknowledgments Preface 1. Ozzie and Harriet Are Dead 2. The New Nostalgia 3. The Myth of the Miserable Working Woman 4. The Collaborative Couple 5. Twenty-First-Century Man 6. The New Fatherhood 7. Working It Out: Sally and Fred 8. Working Moms Are Good Moms 9. The New Motherhood 10. Working It Out: Steve and Connie 11. Changing the Corporate Culture 12. Attention Working Women 13. Working It Out: Ellen and Marvin 14. The Second Shift: Who's Really On It? 15. Making Marriage Work 16. Working It Out: Tom and Jen 17. Side By Side 18. The Road Ahead Notes Index


1 Mechanical Design and Production Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt 2 Egyptian Mint Authority, Dar ElSak St., Eldarasa, Abbasia Cairo, Egypt 3 Electrochemistry and Corrosion Laboratory, Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622 Egypt 4 Mining, Petroleum and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The invention relates to a nanometer ceramic alumina coated abrasive tool and a manufacture method thereof. The abrasive tool comprises a substrate, a bottom glue layer, abrasives and a composite glue layer, wherein the substrate comprise a first surface and a second surface which are opposite; the bottom glue layer is arranged on at least one part of the first surface; the abrasives forming a grinding surface are arranged on at least one part of the bottom glue layer; and the composite glue layer is formed on at least one part of the abrasive surface. The manufacture method comprises the following steps: unreeling the substrate; coating the abrasives on the surface at one side of the substrate to form the bottom glue layer; then, planting sand on the bottom glue layer; drying the bottom glue layer after sand planting to stimulate the drying of the bottom glue layer and basically volatilize volatile components; coating the abrasives on the bottom glue layer after the sand planting to form the composite glue layer; drying the composite glue layer in the same drying mode; and finally, curing the composite glue layer. The nanocrystalline ceramic alumina abrasives are introduced for coating and manufacturing the abrasive tool, and the characteristics of the ceramic alumina abrasives made of nanometer polycrystalline, i.e. high hardness, good toughness, fine crystallization, good self-sharpening, and the like, are utilized to reduce the grinding heat and the grinding stress of working pieces.


Current Smart Home systems are often based on proprietary security solutions which hide its inner functionality and possible vulnerabilities until they are exploited. Furthermore, an initial trusted instance in Smart Home networks is necessary to provide a seamless trust relationship to Smart Home appliances. Another issue is the stalling roll-out of Smart Metering systems due to its bad price-performance ratio for the customer. Therefore, we provide the lightweight security framework SafeBase, which solves both issues and provides a possible solution for a future Smart Home and Smart Metering systems. To achieve this goal, we employ state-of-the-art protocols like Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments (OSCORE), Authentication and Authorization for Constrained Environments (ACE) and LwM2M.


This study examines the association of unemployment variation with intimate partner violence using representative data from thirty-one developing countries, from 2005 to 2016. It finds that a 1 percent increase in the male unemployment rate is associated with an increase in the incidence of physical violence against women by 0.50 percentage points, or 2.75 percent. This is consistent with financial and psychological stress generated by unemployment. Female unemployment rates have the opposite effect, a 1 percent decrease being associated with an increase in the probability of victimization of 0.52 percentage points, or 2.87 percent. That an improvement in women's employment opportunities is associated with increased violence is consistent with male backlash. The study finds that this pattern of behaviors emerges entirely from countries in which women have more limited access to divorce than men.


The paper proposes a solution to reduce the combined pickup engines due to the inertia of the turbocharger. To reduce the negative effects of pressurization proposed method of increasing the combined diesel pickup based on the idea of kinetic energy recovery inertial batteries.


The sensitivity of germinating seeds of barley,winter wheat and spring one to synchrotron ultraviolet radiation is barley>winter wheat and spring one.But when dry seeds of the three crops are irradiated by 3.5-22keV X-rays,the sequence of their sensitivity to radiation can be changed.for irradiation of 0.6-3keV ultra soft X-rays,0.40-0.90 of the seedlings of the first generation appear mutation of striped chlorophyll defect.This biological effect has never been found for irradiation of other rays.


Nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHCIIA) encoded by MYH9 is associated with autosomal dominantly inherited diseases called MYH9 disorders. MYH9 disorders are characterized by macrothrombocytopenia and very characteristic inclusion bodies in granulocytes. MYH9 disorders frequently cause nephritis, sensorineural hearing disability and cataracts. One of the most common and deleterious mutations causing these disorders is the R702C missense mutation. We generated knock-in mice expressing the Myh9 R702C mutation. R702C knock-in hetero mice (R702C+/− mice) showed macrothrombocytopenia. We studied megakaryopoiesis of cultured fetal liver cells of R702C+/− mice and found that proplatelet formation was impaired: the number of proplatelet tips was decreased, proplatelet size was increased, and proplatelet shafts were short and enlarged. Although granulocyte inclusion bodies were not visible by May–Grünwald Giemsa staining, immunofluorescence analysis indicated that NMMHCIIA proteins aggregated and accumulated in the granulocyte cytoplasm. In other organs, R702C+/− mice displayed albuminuria which increased with age. Renal pathology examination revealed glomerulosclerosis. Sensory hearing loss was indicated by lowered auditory brainstem response. These findings indicate that Myh9 R702C knock-in mice mirror features of human MYH9 disorders arising from the R702C mutation.


Jordan is one of the countries, which suffer from energy resources shortage. Therefore, it is entirely dependent on imported oil, form neighboring countries. The exploitation of green sources is encouraged to reduce the environmental pollution and combat the global warming of the planet. Wind is a natural renewable source energy that has a significant potential in Jordan. This paper introduces a feasibility study of integrating wind energy with diesel plant for a rural site in a remote southern of Jordan called "Rass Alnaqab". The data concerning the load, the national grid, the price of energy and the average wind speed at that site are calculated. The Weibull distribution technique was then used to analyze the wind data. A simple calculation was done to illustrate the visibility of integrating wind energy with diesel sets. The environmental factors have been calculated.


Quiescent renal epithelial cells proliferate in response to specific stimuli such as K+depletion or metabolic acidosis, leading to hypertrophy of the kidney. The role of ion transporters in cell proliferation is now well established: intracellular pH and intracellular K+ and Cl− concentrations are key determinants of cell volume and thereby contribute to cell division. Interestingly, H,K‐ATPase type 2 (HKA2) has recently been shown to participate in cell proliferation in a leukemia cell model and its expression is dysregulated in different cancers (3, 4). HKA2 could interfere with cell proliferation by transporting H+ and/or K+. Taking into account the fact that this transporter is strongly up‐regulated in A‐type intercalated cells (A‐IC) of the collecting duct (CD) in response to K+ depletion (for review see (1)), we investigated whether it participates in the cell proliferation process that occurs under these conditions.


Necrotising fasciitis (NF) of the extremities is a rapidly progressive, potentially life threatening soft tissue infection. Recent advances in its management, like hidrobisturi-assisted debridement (Versajet®), negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), or Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) have not clearly influenced in mortality and morbidity rates, still high. We therefore sought to study the necrotising fasciitis of the extremities diagnosed in the last four year in our hospital. We investigate (1) the morbidity and mortality rates, (2) the microbiologic characteristics of the infection, and (4) the management focusing on the use of new treatment technologies. This is a 4-year retrospective chart review of all NF of the extremities who presented in our hospital, from 2010 through 2013. We collected data on demographics, comorbidities, diagnostic test, LRINEC score and microbiological information. We evaluated the therapeutic management of these patients, focusing in the intensive care necessities, the use of hidrobisturi and NPWT as well the treatment with IVIG 20 patients satisfied our inclusion criteria. Lower extremity was the most common location of infection (60%). Blood cultures were available in 14 cases, 7 with a negative culture result (50%). The average LRINEC score on the day of presentation was 6 (range: 0–11). All the patients were treated operatively with 2.5 interventions on average (range: 1 to 5 operations). In the operative samples, one or more causative microorganisms were identified in 18/20 (90%) of the NF cases, with two culture negative cases. Overall, type II NF (Group A β-haemolytic streptococci) was found in 11 cases (55%) and Type I (synergistic polymicrobial) in 7 cases (35%). Versajet® was used in the first debridement in 40% (8 out 20) of the cases and in the second-look in 80% of the cases. In 5 cases (25%) a direct wound closure was selected and in 75% cases a VAC closure was the technique of choice. Thirteen patients (65%) were admitted in the intensive care unit, with a medium stay of 12 days. The overall mortality was 30 % with LRINEC score, glucose level and creatinin level being an independent risk factor of death (p According our data, despite surgical advances, pharmacological new drugs and intensive care improvements, NF remains a disease with high mortality and morbidity. New technologies have been used widely in the last four years in our center without appearing to influence the final outcome of the disease.


This study evaluated the effects of supplementation of sow diets with Bacillus subtilis C-3102 (Calsporin®, Calpis Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) during gestation and lactation. A total of 29 sows (DNA 241) with confirmed pregnancy on d 30 of gestation were assigned to dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design based on BW and parity. Treatments were: control diet or probiotic diet with Calsporin® at 500,000 and 1,000,000 CFU/g of diet in gestation and lactation, respectively. Data were collected on d 30 and 112 of gestation and d 2 and 19 of lactation. Fecal consistency was assessed on a 1-to-5 scale for each litter. Fecal samples were collected from sows and piglets for microbial analysis by culture method and bacterial quantification of Bacillus subtilis C-3102, total Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella spp., Enterococcus sp., Enterobacteriaceae, total aerobes, and total anaerobes. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model (PROC GLIMMIX, SAS®) with sow as experimental unit. Probiotic-fed sows had a marginally significant (P < 0.10) increase in lactation ADFI, but it did not result (P > 0.10) in improvement in sow or piglet weight at weaning. Probiotic-fed sows had a marginally significant (P < 0.10) larger litter size after cross-fostering, but it did not result (P > 0.10) in larger litter size at weaning. Fecal consistency of piglets was not influenced (P > 0.10) by sow diet. Microbial analysis revealed an increase (P < 0.01) in Bacillus subtilis C-3102 and, consequently, total Bacillus sp. in fecal microflora of probiotic-fed sows and piglets born and nursed by probiotic-fed sows. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that providing Calsporin® to sows during gestation and lactation improved lactation ADFI and cross-fostering litter size, although further larger-scale studies are required for elucidation. The probiotic diet did not influence fecal consistency, but altered the fecal microbial population in sows and nursing piglets by increasing total Bacillus sp.


The traditional ideological and political work limited by the original working methods fall behind the new situation. Mao Ze - dong personality development theory as an important part of his philosophy is rich in meaning and practice of rational content. For the ideological and political work carried out,we must innovate its methods under the guidance of Mao Ze - dong personality development theory.


Cryopreservation of living tissues is a necessary part of many medical procedures such as organ and tissue transplants, conservation of reproductive and stem cells, and etc. However, cells and tissues can be damaged by the cryopreservation process itself. Biological experiments show that both rapid and slow freezing rates can be injuring. Moreover, better results can be obtained, if the ambient temperature falls not monotonically in time, especially in the range were the latent heat is being released. The paper is devoted to the statement of mathematical models describing the process of freezing and application of optimal control theory or differential games to the design of optimal cooling protocols that minimize damaging effects during the release of the latent heat. Usually, tissue samples are being frozen using special plants e.g. of the IceCube family developed by SY-LAB, Geräte GmbH (Austria). The main part of such plants is a freezing chamber supplied by a cooling system. An ampoule with a tissue sample surrounded by a liquid is placed into the chamber. The plant is controlled by a computer that allows the user to prescribe a cooling protocol to be tracked. The main trouble in the process of freezing is the release of the latent heat resulting in an irregular behavior of the temperature, which causes the growth of damaging dendrites and extremal changes in the temperature. The aim of the control is to reduce and smooth the latent part of the process and minimize the temperature drops. Two models of freezing are considered. 1. The first model is obtained by averaging of the temperature and the enthalpy, which yields the following system of ordinary differential equations Ḣ = −SV −1h ( T − Te ) , Ṫe = u, |u| ≤ μ, (1)


Secondary xylem, commonly known as wood, has had a major impact on both our planet and civilization, its uses so ubiquitous that it is often taken for granted in daily life.
New challenges imposed by growing population and changing climate have led academia and industries to search for ways of altering wood characteristics to better suit specific purposes. Achieving this by genetic engineering requires the ability to alter gene expression in specific cell types, while avoiding alterations in others. This calls for an in depth understanding of the factors directing the differentiation and development of the cell types constituting secondary xylem.
Studies detailed in this thesis exhibit my attempts to link the signals of the phytohormones auxin and gibberellic acid to the formation of fibres, and their deposition of thick secondary cell walls. Using high resolution RNA-sequencing data gathered across developing Populus wood, I was able to illustrate that the expression profiles of various wood-associated transcription factors are distinct, in relation to their functions. Furthermore, I investigated the response of gene expression and tissue anatomy to treatment by auxin and gibberellin and found that auxin down-regulates transcription factors previously identified as master regulators of fibre secondary cell wall formation, as well as impede secondary wall development on a tissue level. At the same time, gibberellic acid appears to have a general enhancing effect on the expression of the same genes, and is better able to rescue the tissue phenotype of decapitated Populus plants.
I also highlight a role for gibberellic acid in the differentiation of fibre cells through DELLA regulated interaction of Class I KNOX transcription factors with proteins of the NUCLEAR FACTOR Y family.
These findings suggest that an integration of auxin and gibberellin signals, acting through multiple pathways, is responsible for the correct spatiotemporal differentiation and development of the secondary xylem.


This study is about student's learning styles in learning reading comprehension. The design of this research was descriptive research. The data were collected by using questionnaires and observation sheet. The subject of the study are the XI AP 2 of SMK Swasta Harapan Stabat and the object of the study are the students learning styles in learning reading comprehension. The data were analyzed by using Fleming theory. The purpose of conducting this research was find out whether the most dominant learning style in reading comprehension and to find out what are the types of student's learning styles which has higher achievement in reading comprehension of XI grade in SMK Swasta Harapan Stabat in academic 2016/2017. There were 32 students as the subject of this research. In this case, the researcher collected the data by using learning style questionnaire and observation. The result showed that auditory learning style is the most dominant learning style at the tenth grade students at SMK Swasta Harapan Stabat, the percentage was 71,87%, it means 23 from 32 students prefer to hear than read and move. The second was kinesthetic learning style, the score, 21,88%, means that only 7 students prefer to move. Then, visual learning style, score 6,25%, means that 2 from 32 students prefer to read. For the fastest student's in reading comprehension came from auditory students or auditory learners. They get score 69,56% followed kinesthetic 21,74%, and visual 8,70%.


Four alien taxa, all of them infrequent in western Andalusia (and in Andalusia in general), are recorded for the first time for Cordoba: Amaranthus blitum subsp. emarginatus, Chamaesyce maculata, Onobrychis viciifolia y Proboscidea louisianica . For each of them the following items are identified: the origin, with predominance of North America taxa; invasion status (for western Andalusia): naturalized, invasive, casual and casual, respectively; residence status: all of them are neophytes; habitat: prevail the constructed areas and cultivated lands; pathway of introduction: with the exception of O. viciifolia , intentional through Agriculture, all others are unintentional; and first known record (for Western Andalusia): between 1886 ( O. viciifolia ) and 2001 ( P. louisianica ). The problema of the identification of the invasion status has also been analyzed.


Effect of roasting temperature and roasting duration on oil yield (OY) and quality of melon seed (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) was studied using RSM. Five levels of roasting temperature (87.6, 100, 130, 160, and 172.4°C) and duration (12.9, 15, 20, 25, and 27.1 min) considered. Quality parameters determined were specific gravity (SG), color (CO), free fatty acid (FFA), and anisidine value (AV). Recorded range of OY, SG, CO, FFA, and AV were 44.0–67.5%, 0.9–1.0, and 13.1–94.0 abs, 1.7–5.3%, and 3.9–28.2 mg/L, respectively. The variables have significant effect (p<0.05) on all the responses with exception of SG. Coefficients of determination ($R^{2} $) of predictive equations for OY, CO, FFA, and AV were 0.79, 0.97, 0.95, and 0.95, respectively. Optimum roasting temperature and duration were 133.06°C and 20.19 min, respectively. These gave 63.5% OY, 0.9 SG, 13.1 abs CO, 1.7% FFA, and 3.4 mg/L AV. Practical applications: Melon seeds contain about 60% edible oil. Optimization of the process parameters (heating duration temperature) will enhance high OY with good quality. Models developed in this study can be useful for producers of oil extraction equipment and potential investors into commercial production of the oil.


The following article is a refl ection of the possibility of a Political Philosophy, understood as a revitalization of the classic thought, especially in the fi gure of Jacques Maritain. This proposal inescapably supposes an ethical perspective whose demands reach diverse aspects, as much within the intellectual fi eld and its possible infl uence on the collective life of the contemporary societies. The Maritanian project is an audacious attempt to locate -in the center of the political life- the person and his/her inalienable rights; it is summarized in its concept of person's democracy


Abstract Corn plants were grown in a growth chamber on two soil types that had been treated with one of four zinc forms; ZnO, ZnSO4, ZnEDTA, and Zn‐Reax, and incubated at two temperatures. Two growth temperatures for corn were superimposed on the two soil‐incubation temperatures. Under low soil‐incubation temperature and low growing temperature conditions, organic Zn materials tended to supply more Zn to the plants on the acid soil. Higher growth temperatures reduced that effect. Inorganic Zn sources were more effective at the higher growing temperatures on an acid soil. The organic Zn sources were slightly more effective than inorganic forms on calcareous soils under the same growing conditions.


Recent development of many multiphysics modeling tools reflects the currently growing interest for studying coupled processes in Earth Sciences. The core of such tools should rely on fast and robust mechanical solvers. Here we provide M2Di, a set of routines for 2‐D linear and power law incompressible viscous flow based on Finite Difference discretizations. The 2‐D codes are written in a concise vectorized MATLAB fashion and can achieve a time to solution of 22 s for linear viscous flow on 10002 grid points using a standard personal computer. We provide application examples spanning from finely resolved crystal‐melt dynamics, deformation of heterogeneous power law viscous fluids to instantaneous models of mantle flow in cylindrical coordinates. The routines are validated against analytical solution for linear viscous flow with highly variable viscosity and compared against analytical and numerical solutions of power law viscous folding and necking. In the power law case, both Picard and Newton iterations schemes are implemented. For linear Stokes flow and Picard linearization, the discretization results in symmetric positive‐definite matrix operators on Cartesian grids with either regular or variable grid spacing allowing for an optimized solving procedure. For Newton linearization, the matrix operator is no longer symmetric and an adequate solving procedure is provided. The reported performance of linear and power law Stokes flow is finally analyzed in terms of wall time. All MATLAB codes are provided and can readily be used for educational as well as research purposes. The M2Di routines are available from Bitbucket and the University of Lausanne Scientific Computing Group website, and are also supplementary material to this article.


Some network management mechanisms for TCP/IP router-based networks are outlined, and the traffic management activities offered in support of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation Network (CICNet) are examined. An overview is given of CICNet, and its topology and network operations activities are described. The traffic engineering and management system developed at AT&T Bell Laboratories for the support of TCP/IP-based LAN interconnection networks is then described in detail. Future directions and capabilities are briefly considered.<<ETX>>


Indonesia which lies on the intersection of three large plates has a high potential intensity to experience disaster, such as flood, land-sliding and earthquake which is often followed by tsunami. These disasters may cause many victims and infrastructure damages. One of the public infrastructure damages which are occurred during the disaster is telecommunication service infrastructure. The damage of telecommunication service infrastructure causes the difficulty of exchange the information, especially about the disaster condition, such as the damages, victims and evacuation. Many telecommunication technologies have been proposed as alternative technology to develop emergency telecommunication services. In this paper, WiMAX Technology is proposed to be used as a backhaul link which is integrated with WiFi Technology. This proposed system can be used to support the implementation of disaster information system in the frame of emergency telecommunication system. This proposed system is also examined in term of bandwidth by using two different scenarios. Measurements of these scenarios show a little different result as 1.6 Mbps and 1.7 Mbps for scenario 1 and scenario 2, respectively.


The cable-stayed arch bridge is a new type of composite bridge.In this paper,the 3-D finite element models(FEM) are erected based on the Fourth Bridge over Xiangjiang River in Xiangtan City for analysising dynamic characteristics of cable-stayed bridges including self-vibration frequency and mode of vibration.The effects of major structure parameters on dynamic characteristics are also discussed.Some suggestions about design of the structure are presented.


In this study, a simple and novel method was successfully developed for extraction and preconcentration of essential oil from fresh flowers of Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl. by using ultrasound-assisted extraction/dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (UAE-DLLME) coupled with gas chromatography-ion trap/mass spectrometry (GC-IT/MS) using a direct sample introduction (DSI) device. The optimum parameters of UAE-DLLME were investigated. The optimum conditions of an extraction solvent of toluene, a dispersive solvent of acetone, and an ultrasound time of 10 min were obtained and applied to the extraction of essential oil compounds from fresh flowers of Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl. The main volatile and semi-volatile compounds from Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl. at different florescences ((A) flower buds; (B) the initial flowering stage; (C) the full flowering stage; (D) the final flowering stage) were studied. The results showed that 36 substances were identified, including alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, lipids, and compounds containing nitrogen (N), all of which contributing a lot to the fragrance of Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl. In this study, a simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly approach was developed for analysis of essential oil compounds from fresh flowers of Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl. at different florescences.


The invention relates to the technical field of semiconductor manufacturing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) device and an OLED display panel. The preparation method of the OLED device comprises the steps of providing a substrate; preparing an anode layer on the substrate; preparing an organic light-emitting layer on the metal anode layer; preparing a cathode layer on the organic light-emitting layer; and preparing a light extraction layer used for extracting different colors of light-emitting materials on the cathode layer, wherein a refractive index of the cathode layer is lower than a refractive index of the light extraction layer. The refractive index of the cathode layer is lower than the refractive index of the light extraction layer, so that extraction can be performed on 80% of light lost inside the OLED device, total internal reflection of partial light in the transmission process is avoided, and the luminous efficiency of the OLED device is greatly improved.


Image fusion is the process of combing multiple images of the same scene into a single fused image with the aim of preserving the full content information and retaining the important features from each of the original images. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme to measure every wavelet decomposition coefficient's saliency of the original images. The saliency value reflects the visually meaningful content of the wavelet decomposition coefficients and is consistent with human visual perception. The novel scheme aims to preserve the full content value and retain the visually meaningful information with human visual perception more exactly than the traditional method. In addition, the proposed novel method can be combined with any sophisticated fusion rules and fusion operators that are based on wavelet decomposition. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, which can retain perceptually important image information.


Rural territories degradation, especially of northern industrial region, raises the issue of innovative model formation to describe socio-economic development. The author argues that the innovative model can be formed on the principle of multifunctional development of rural territories.


Periplocoside NW(PNW)is one novel insecticidal compoound isolated from the root bark of Periploca sepium.The toxicity of PNW against some insect pests was investigated.Results showed that PNW had no obvious stomach poisoning activity to the third instar larvae of Agrotis ypsilon,but had strong stomach toxicity against third instar larvae of Plutella xylostell(LC_50 =866.17mg·L-1),Mythimna separata(LC_50=927.92 mg·L-1)and Pieris rapae(LC_50= 1 107.08 mg·L-1)after 24 hours.To the above insects species,PNW had no significant contact poisoning activity.In addition,PNW exhibited some lethal activity against Aphis gossypii(LC_50 =1743.17 mg·L-1),Tetranychus cinnarinus(LC_50 =2 179.49 mg·L-1),the third instar Musca domestica larvae(LC_50 =714.94 mg·L-1)and the third instar Culex pipiens pallens larvae(LC_50=653.29 mg·L-1)after 24 hours.


A novel 4-D hyperchaotic four-wing system with a saddle–focus equilibrium is introduced in this brief. The qualitative analysis of the proposed system confirms its complex dynamic behavior, which is studied by using well-known numerical tools of nonlinear theory, such as the bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponents, Poincaré maps, and phase portraits. Furthermore, the novel hyperchaotic system is experimentally emulated by an electronic circuit, and its dynamic behavior is studied to confirm the feasibility of the theoretical model.


AbstractThis paper introduces a hybrid method for rapidly measuring thermal data and three-dimensional (3D) geometries of buildings, allowing "virtual" representations of the energy and environmental performance of existing buildings. The 3D thermal models can be further used for many applications by building occupants, owners, and outside consultants to make retrofit decisions. Existing buildings represent the greatest opportunity to improve building energy efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. This research aims to help decision makers improve their buildings by providing reliable, visual information about their buildings' energy performance using the developed hybrid light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system. The 3D thermal model described consists of point clouds of building geometry with thermal data on each point, including temperature values (°C) and thermal color generated on the basis of the temperature value. Window detection algorithms were developed in this study to create virtual ther...