A new formula was presented for locating double bond position in dodecenols, tetrade-cenols, hexadecenols and their acetates, based on mass spectral data of dimethyl disulfide derivatives. In this procedure, molecular ion and base peak ion were utilized as characteristic parameters to identify the positional isomers. The method was tested with mass spectra of 25 dimethyl disulflde derivatives of mono-unsaturated acetates and alcohols, and the original double-bond position in each isomer was located unambiguously.


Intelligent voice assistants (IVAs) have the potential to support older adults' independent living. However, despite a growing body of research focusing on IVA use, we know little about why older adults become IVA non-users. This paper examines the reasons older adults use, limit, and abandon IVAs (i.e., Amazon Echo) in their homes. We conducted eight focus groups, with 38 older adults residing in a Life Plan Community. Thirty-six participants owned an Echo for at least a year, and two were considering adoption. Over time, most participants became non-users due to their difficulty finding valuable uses, beliefs associated with ability and IVA use, or challenges with use in shared spaces. However, we also found that participants saw the potential for future IVA support. We contribute a better understanding of the reasons older adults do not engage with IVAs and how IVAs might better support aging and independent living in the future.


SYNOPSIS. Trypanosoma catostomi n. sp. is described from the blood of the white sucker Catostomus c. commersoni (Lacepede) from southeastern Michigan. Two methods of fixation, wet and dry, are compared for their effect on body measurements. The type of fixation used affects the length of the free flagellum. Significance of this finding is discussed.


Evaluation of the use of technology in education ideally examines the application of procedures in several institutions. Institutional differences, however, may be clouded by inconsistencies between instructors and materials. It is difficult, if not impossible, to arrange for specified teachers to join a variety of schools. However, when instructors using the technology move to different school systems, expanding the number of observations with the same instructor is possible. This article reports on the author's experiences using Dow Jones News/Retrieval (DJNR) at two diverse universities. Specifically, it compares the author's experiences with DJNR and a securities market simulation at two institutions: University of North Carolina at Charlotte and the University of Wisconsin at La Crosse, and is a follow up to "Investment Course Innovation--Using Dow Jones News/ Retrieval," an article published in T.H.E. Journal, August 1989. The author offers a first-hand report on the successful transference of technology between institutions, which has relevance for all schools considering use of DJNR. For example, the usage values may serve as a benchmark for managers at other schools. Also, insights into funding student and faculty access to this, or other, online services are provided. Comparing the Settings The two site institutions vary in a number of relevant ways, as exhibited in Table 1. Though established relatively recently, in 1946, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte (UNCC) has more students and faculty. The rate of faculty growth compensates for student growth, resulting in a student-tofaculty ratio that is 18% lower than that found at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse (UWL). Partially offsetting this advantage is the higher faculty research requirement at UNCC, which in the college of business is 0.67 refereed articles per year, versus 0.50 at UWL. From a computer availability standpoint, UWL has 50 more computers. Hence, the ratio of students to computers is a much lower 30 students. La Crosse's population at the time of the 1990 census was approximately one-eighth of that found at Charlotte, a fact that has served to limit the speed of acquiring outside funding. Timeliness of Online Data Textbooks, and even the print media, suffer from a time lag and lack of space. Examples of both problems can be illustrated using The Wall Street Journal, considered to be the nation's primary financial daily. In the August 19, 1991 edition there was no mention of the prior day's detainment of [then] Soviet President Gorbachev. Other media got the word to the investing public, resulting in a 70 point decline of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Advertising is laid out first in producing The Wall Street Journal. Furthermore, the space given to the News department totals only 141.5 columns. Subtracting Leisure & Arts, editorial pages, and statistical pages leaves only 55 unobligated columns. By comparison, DJNR includes this information, stories cut from The Wall Street Journal, and a vast multitude of additional information as well. Table 2's listing of DJNR databases illustrates its breadth. Funding and Access Issues Initial funding of access to DJNR at both institutiOnS was obtained through acceptance of undergraduate teaching-improvement grant requests. Although both grants provided essentially the same amount of funding, the fee for using DJNR had risen from $375 to $450. Consequently, the DJNR subscription at UWL has been for those months with greatest potential for student usage. (Dow Jones requires that subscription periods last a minimum of three months.) College of business funding at both schools augmented grant funds during the second year. At UNCC, funding since 1989 has also been contributed by a brokerage house, a bank and an accounting firm. Current plans at UWL call for 1992 funding to come from an insurance company, a hospital and a financial planning agency. …


The idea that the acquisition of and proficiency in non-hegemonic languages can be pivotal to international student mobility has thus far been insufficiently addressed. In this paper, we draw on 23 in-depth interviews with Chinese students to explore this question, showing how the perception of Portuguese-language learning and practice at Lusophone Higher Education Institutions (e.g., in Portugal, Macao, Angola, and Brazil) represents a decisive trigger for studying abroad, and an alternative strategy for acquiring linguistic capital in a non-dominant language in which skills can be converted into competitive resources on future professional paths. We conclude by arguing for the need to address this blind spot in transnational student mobilities, and by positioning "language acquisition and proficiency" as a structuring dimension, not just of the processes by which students decide to move, but also of their imaginaries of preparedness for their future career trajectories.


This paper aims to identify, in the literature, possible applications and semiotics contributions to the development of online reference services. In this study, which has a theoretical feature, it is possible to observe that in the area of Information Science, studies covering semiotics are limited to the processes of treatment and organization of information and knowledge, and just a few studies are about the semiotics applied to the process of communication and dissemination of that knowledge and there is even less research applied to the interaction between librarian and user in the virtual environment, such as online reference service.


The purpose of this study was to identify the protein profile of the mouse brain microvascular endothelium in situ. This involved coupling of a double‐label, immuno‐laser capture microdissection (LCM) process with LTQ‐FT mass spectrometry to perform the in situ proteomic analysis. LCM was utilized to isolate cells from frozen mouse brain tissue sections. Following cell capture, samples were solubilized and proteins separated by gel electrophoresis in preparation for enzymatic digestion and LC‐MS analysis. Processed samples were subsequently analyzed using a linear IT coupled with a Fourier transform mass spectrometer (LTQ‐FT MS). Overall, in this study, 881 proteins were identified from a specific cell category using immuno‐guided LCM to probe these cell types along the entirety of the cerebral microvascular tree. The identification of sufficient numbers of proteins with high biological interest should allow us to study protein expression by specific cell types – as defined by certain cell markers – in complex tissues.


DUGALD S ARBUCKLE grew up in Western Canada, served with the RCAF, and received his PhD from the University ot Chicago where he worked with Carl Rogers. He served as chairman of the Department of Counselor Education and is now a professor of education at Boston University. Currently he is serving as the resident professor m BU's program in Counselmg and Human Services in Europe. He has brought humanistic psychology mto his work in teaching, counseling., and psychotherapy His activities in Europe also mclude participation as a consultant and facilitator in the Educational Innovation Project in Frankfurt and in other innovative workshops; involvement with the German section of AHP, and numerous discussions with teachers and counselors m Italy, Germany, and Belgmm on humanistic psychology


There are problems like inflexible system deployment, not supporting multicast technique in the construction of substation precise positioning system using the traditional UWB ranging module. And there is confl ict of wireless signal in positioning. Based on these problems, a network maintenance protocol is put forward to support the automatic discover, dynamic networking functions of beacons nodes. Corresponding solution to dispose of signal collisions in wireless communications is also presented. The compensation for the moving object location is achieved by the inertial navigation sensors. The accurate positioning in unicast mode is also realized on the premise of reducing the wireless signal confl ict as much as possible. Experimental results have proven the effectiveness of the proposed protocol and solution. It has reference value to the UWB practical application for indoor positioning.


Turbulent flow past circular cylinder at moderate to high Reynolds number has been analysed employing an
second-order time accurate pressure-based finite volume method solving two-dimensional Unsteady Reynolds
Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) equations for incompressible flow, coupled to eddy-viscosity based turbulence
models. The major focus of the paper is to test the capabilities and limitations of the present turbulence
model-based 2D URANS procedure to predict the phenomenon of Drag Crisis, usually manifested in reliable measurement data, as a sharp drop in the mean drag coefficient around a critical Reynolds number. The computation results are compared to corresponding measurement data for instantaneous aerodynamic coefficients and mean surface pressure and skin friction coefficients. Turbulence model-based URANS computations are in general found to be inadequate for correct prediction of the mean drag coefficients, the Strouhal number and also the coefficients of maximum fluctuating lift over the range of flow Reynolds number varying from 104 to 107.


The issue of low productivity has remained a very stern and chronic problem in construction projects. Previous studies have found poor communication as one of the leading causes of low-construction productivity. Recent advances in the field of information and communication technologies (ICT) have the potential to enhance communication and access to information in construction projects. However, the implications of the use of mobile ICT on construction productivity have not been investigated in sufficient depth, especially from the perspectives of its users, i.e. construction management (CM) professionals. The paper aims to discuss these issues.,A focus group session involving ten experienced CM professionals from different organisations of the South Australian construction industry was moderated by a group of four researchers to gather data on mobile ICT usage and its implications for construction productivity.,Lack of training and guidelines on effective applications of these technologies to construction projects is a major bottleneck. Results indicate that despite noticeable advances in mobile ICT, differences in usage style and user attitude have limited their overall impact on productivity.,This paper is based on data gathered from CM professionals working in the South Australian construction industry.,The study highlights the importance of strategising the use of mobile ICT to achieve the desired productivity rates through policy, training, work-life balance, and deeper and wider understanding of these technologies.,The study examines the perceptions of CM professionals on the usefulness of mobile ICT in construction projects and its implications for construction productivity.


The inspiration of this paper is stimulated by recent discussions concerning "poems by poets" and "poems by scholars". It aims at tracing the origin of "poems by poets" and "poems by scholars", as well as clarifying their evolutions (for example, the examination on "poems by poets" and "poems by scholars", the dispute between Tang poetry and Song poetry, as well as the analysis over the evolution of scholarly poems throughout the history). These thoughts lead to the identification of the characteristics of "poems by poets" and "poems by scholars", as well as the influence they have on the poetic creation and the criticism on the poetry in the Qing Dynasty.


Non-substituted poly(phenylenevinylene) (PPV) is an insoluble material. Ikeda et al. synthesized Amylose-PPV (APPV), which is PPV wrapped in amylose, by applying precursor route synthesis of PPV in the presence of amylase; APPV is soluble in dimethylsulfoxide. Comparison of the absorbance and the PL spectrum of APPV film with those of other organic films indicated the PL efficiency of APPV film as 0.28–0.43. The PL efficiency of PPV film is 0.27. Therefore, the amylose wrapping might improve the PL efficiency of PPV. The OLEDs emitted a green light when the OLEDs were fabricated with APPV as an emitting layer.


This article discusses the effects of the OECD Convention on Combating the Bribery of Foreign Public Officials, which was signed in 1997 and is due to be implemented by the signatory nation-states this year. The Convention represents the expansion of legal measures to combat the bribery of foreign public officials by individuals or corporations, and it has been accompanied by the Organisation of American States' Convention Against Corruption. Previously the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), which applied only to United States individuals or corporations, 'stood alone in the world as a legal barrier to transnational bribery' (Low, Bjorklund and Atkinson 1998:245). This article proceeds in stages to evaluate implications of the Convention. Firstly the Convention is placed in the context of the increased focus on transnational business bribery in recent years. Second, the main points of the Convention are outlined. Third, the issues and problems posed by the Convention for business are discussed. Finally some themes regarding enforcement by the relevant authorities are outlined.


Having lived in Paris starting in the summer of 1919 at the latest, Nguyễn Ai Quốc committed himself to the struggle against colonization and joined forces with all those with allied objectives who could support his cause before drawing nearer to the French Communist Party in 1920. During the course of 1921, he learned of a group of French Protestants who hoped to undertake an exploratory mission in Indochina. In the letter that he addresses to the pastor pioneering the project, Nguyễn Ai Quốc clearly exposes the contradictions of a process that is doubtlessly laudable yet still quite contrary in nature, since evangelization was an accomplice to colonization. These research notes present an unpublished document that throws light on the intellectual development of the future Hồ Chi Minh on the numerous origins of Vietnamese Protestantism, and on the debates about colonization and evangelization occurring within French Protestantism.


Surface mount technology applications for power circuit assembly are discussed. In addition to discrete power surface mount components, it is also possible to purchase user-defined assemblies of power surface mount components which can be assembled using conventional discrete assembly techniques. These surface mount techniques have produced power supplies which are low profile with a high power density. In this work, the various power hermetic surface mount offerings are reviewed and compared to the conventional discrete and hybrid versions. In addition, the surface mount assembly process for these high-power components is reviewed, and the thermal and electrical requirements are discussed.<<ETX>>


The flow and combustion patterns have been investigated inside the gasoline engine cylinder with the swirl or tumble flow, whereas the air flow characteristics, which are generated in the part of intake system before entering into the intake manifold, have not been known completely. It is necessary to analyze the flow field in the intake system consisting of air tilter, throttle valve and intake manifold. The throttle valve, used to control the intake air flow rate, is important because it makes various mass flow rate and flow patterns. Three-dimensional flow characteristics such as velocities, turbulent intensities and Reynolds shear stresses are measured by the hot wire anemometer at the exit of the throttle valve with the variation in the valve opening angle(15˚, 45˚, 75˚ and 90˚) and the Reynolds numbers (45000, 90000 and 140000). There are a lot of changes in flow characteristics at 75˚ due to the large recirculation flow comparing with those of the other cases, and the streamwise velocity is especially enforced strongly below the valve shaft. The other component velocities are relatively large near the centerline parallel to the valve shaft. The effects of the Reynolds number on the flow field are not severe.


A survey of foreign educational practice is made here,covering its goal,time,structure,content,management and preparation so as to understand its general developmental tendency for our reference.We should transform our educational ideas,thoroughly understanding implications of teacher education and setting up an idea of lifelong education.We should strengthen our management of educational practice, letting our national educational administration,universities and practice schools respectively do something useful and developing diverse management models.We should identify and develop our goals of educational practice scientifically and rationally. We should increase the prcatice time,enrich its content and make full preparations for practice.


Recent researches reveal that metabolic diseases are not only related to genetics, but also influenced by environmental factors. Changes in life style and diet can contribute to alterations in the intestinal microbiome which impel obesity and other metabolic disorders by interacting with environmental and genetic factors. This review briefly discusses the updated research on the relationship among diet, gut microbes and metabolic diseases.


Energy is the ultimate source in earth, the consumption of Energy/Power is must take care. People in the home will wastes lot of energy by forget turn of switches while leaving the room especially elder aged persons, for that we wastes lots of energy and consumption of energy levels also increases. So implementing/Developing project like "Energy Management & Safety System for Home Appliances" Now a days the appliances control with wireless sensors networks has a great revolution but it has manual action need, so this project can be developed on ARM based controller or ARM 7 TDMI microcontroller i.e. LPC 2148 micro controller with automatic functioning of home appliances using IR sensors. This paper reports on a system which will save electricity, over and over whenever we are left the room and hall without switching/turn off lights and fans or any electrical appliance, therefore electricity is wasted. In this work we've developed or implementing a system during which energy are saved based on range of individuals coming into in or going out of the area. If there's nobody within the area or in that particular room, then automatically the lights and fans are switched OFF. On the opposite hand as presently as a person enters the room, lights using in that room and fan are switched ON. On the idea of the Intensity of daylight we will turn off lights in day time.


This article provides information about individuals who dropped out of postdivorce-adjustment groups and proposes guidelines to assist counselors in the screening process for divorce groups.


The utility model relates to a wireless digital home positioning system which comprises a mobile terminal with a Bluetooth communication function, a wireless information processor and a number of routers. The wireless information processor comprises a coordination device and a Bluetooth module, wherein the coordination device and the Bluetooth module are mutually connected. The Bluetooth module and the mobile terminal are in Bluetooth communication connection. The coordination device is connected with all routers. The router is connected with a number of terminal nodes with portable positioning cards. A ZigBee chip is arranged in each portable positioning card. The mobile terminal and the Bluetooth module form a wireless data display system. The coordination device and the routers form a wireless positioning and monitoring system. The terminal nodes form a wireless positioning terminal system. The terminal nodes and at least 3 routers carry out networking. The routers and at least two other routers carry out networking.


The aim of the study is to assess the relationship of methods of forecasting and planning in the management of industrial enterprises of the region. Author studied the role of projections and plans as the elements of choice, making decisions on timely improvement of activities of industrial enterprises. The needs in the production of industrial enterprises, as well as the needs of enterprises in production resources were analysed.


This study examines the effects of supply chain search and application strategies on organizational capability and corporate operational performance. To achieve this aim, a survey was administered to middle managers of 298 smalland medium-sized venture companies in Busan, South Korea. Empirical analysis showed that supply chain search and application strategies have a positive effect on organizational capability and corporate operational performance. In addition, organizational capability is positively mediated by supply chain search and application strategies in terms of the mediating effect of corporate operational performance. Consequently, search and application as supply chain strategies are facilitating factors as mediators that improve corporate performance through the concentration of organizational capability. Findings suggest that the search and application of supply chain strategies need to act as accelerating variables that improve organizational performance, and supply chain strategies need to be applied in smalland medium-sized manufacturing businesses.


The metabolic information provided by PET and SPECT has great potential for diagnosing and staging disease, customizing treatmentdoses for a particular patient, and tracking a patients' response to treatment. However, quantifying the information in these images remains challenging. This presentation will review the sources of variability in the data, grouped into three broad categories: patient — related factors (e.g. body habitus, medications); scanner‐related factors (spatial and energy resolution, sensitivity, data acquisition mode (2D or 3D), attenuation and scatter correction method, image reconstruction algorithm, respiratory and cardiac motion‐correction method); and operator‐related factors such as acquisition and reconstruction protocols, instrument and imagequality control, instrument calibrations, and method of image analysis. The impact of these variables on quantification will be discussed, along with methods for minimizing those that are controllable. The presentation will conclude with a review of current efforts by government agencies, professional organizations, academic institutions, and sponsors of multicenter trials to grapple with the additional complexities that arise from combining data from multiple patients at multiple sites. Particular emphasis will be placed on the author's experience as a member of the PETQuality Assurance Committee at the American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) PET Core Lab, which has credentialed more than 100 PET scanners for participation in quantitative PET multicenter trials. Research partially supported by ACRIN. ACRIN is sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and receives additional support from industry partners, other governmental agencies and the ACRIN Fund for Imaging Innovation. NOTE: ACRIN is sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and receives additional support from industry partners, other governmental agencies and the ACRIN Fund for Imaging Innovation. Educational Objectives: 1. Understand the factors that affect the variability and accuracy of PET and SPECT biomarker quantification, with particular emphasis on scanner‐related parameters. 2. Understand the importance of minimizing variability in order to enhance the ability to distinguish signal from noise. 3. Understand the efforts currently underway to standardize acquisition and processing protocols and to monitor equipment performance through credentialing and periodic quality control checks.


IT is a well-recognized fact that the figurative language of a community reflects the interests and occupations of its members. The Twenty-third Psalm was the product of a grazing people. If a citizen of Sidon had written it, he would have said, "The Lord is my pilot, he steereth me in safe waters." Because the Romans were a military people, Terence could put into the mouths of his characters on the stage such terms as convasare, "pack up the old kit bag," and verbis protelare, "set up a barrage of talk." The automobile today has taught men and women to park their rubbers and to skid on the ice. A young lady was heard to say of her pet kitten, which was purring faintly, "his battery is low," and Margaret Halsey, in With Malice Toward Some, describes one of her hostesses as "being gracious in all eight cylinders." Literature has from earliest times been a frequent vehicle for the transportation of foreign figures. The Roman poet Horace was brought up in an inland community. He hated and feared the sea, as his ode "Sic Te Diva Potens" (1.3) indicates. But in Ode ii, 1o, he develops his peripatetic philosophy with the introductory stanza,


Cardiac alterations represent a potential epilepsy‐associated comorbidity. Whether cardiac changes occur as a function of epilepsy duration is not well understood. We sought to evaluate whether cardiac alterations represented a time‐dependent phenomenon in pediatric epilepsy.


Modern traffic management should benefit from the diverse sensors, smart phones, and social networks data that offer the potential of enhanced services. In disaster scenarios, it is no longer guaranteed that a central server and reliable communication is always available. This motivates a distributed computing setting with restricted communication. Also in distributed High Performance Computing communication costs have to be reduced to the minimum and costly broadcast to all compute nodes hould be avoided. We want to learn local models with high communication efficiency. They still require the exchange of label information in a setting of supervised learning. The transmission of all labels among the nodes can be as costly as communicating all observations. Sophisticated methods are required to trade-off prediction performance against communication costs.

We hereby present an in-network algorithm based on local models that only sends label counts to neighboring nodes. Therefore the method is a novel approach that transfers no data about individual observations, but just aggregated label information. We outline its MPI implementation. And evaluate our approach on real world data in a traffic monitoring scenario. Tests reveal that in comparison to sending all labels, the algorithm is scalable.


The utility model discloses a composite flexible contact type non-destructive detecting probe which comprises an anti-collision detecting mechanism and a resistance type switching judging circuit, wherein the anti-collision detecting mechanism is installed at the bottom of a digital dial indicator which is fixed to a digital control system by a bracket of an indicator head; the resistance type switching judging circuit is connected between a detected object and the digital dial indicator by wires; a digital display dial indicator is connected with the digital dial indicator by connecting cables. The digital dial indicator is adopted to replace the original rigid probes by the utility model, the signals of contacting condition of the digital dial indicator probe and the detected object monitored by the two systems of the digital display dial indicator and the resistance type switching judging circuit are received by the digital control system, so a shadow mask can be protected not to be destroyed when the resistance type switching judging circuit can not judge in time as a result of some reasons.


In this final assignment, the proving of cut elimination theorem and interpolation theorem for the FL predicate logic expanded by adding the exchange rule, contraction rule, and n-mingle rule, called as the FL e,c,n-mingle predicate logic, is studied. The n-mingle rule is a special inference rule, unlike other rules that have only one or two upper sequent, however, in the n-mingle rule, it is possible to have upper sequent as many as 'n'. First it is proven that the cut elimination theorem is valid for the FLe,c,n-mingle predicate logic. Then, by using that theorem, it is proven that the interpolation theorem is valid for the FLe,c,n-mingle predicate logic.


Broken nuclei – lamins, nuclear mechanics, and disease. Davidson PM, Lammerding J. Trends Cell Biol 2014. 24(4): 247-256. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of nuclear mechanics, i.e., stiffness and stability, in a variety of crucial cellular functions, and how mutations or altered expression of nuclear envelope proteins such as lamins, emerin, and nesprin can contribute to the devastating phenotypes of various human diseases, including cancer.


Purpose. This study was conducted to determine the thickness map of eleven retinal layers in normal subjects by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and evaluate their association with sex and age. Methods. Mean regional retinal thickness of 11 retinal layers were obtained by automatic three-dimensional diffusion-map-based method in 112 normal eyes of 76 Iranian subjects. Results. The thickness map of central foveal area in layer 1, 3, and 4 displayed the minimum thickness (P<0.005 for all). Maximum thickness was observed in nasal to the fovea of layer 1 (P<0.001) and in a circular pattern in the parafoveal retinal area of layers 2, 3 and 4 and in central foveal area of layer 6 (P<0.001). Temporal and inferior quadrants of the total retinal thickness and most of other quadrants of layer 1 were significantly greater in the men than in the women. Surrounding eight sectors of total retinal thickness and a limited number of sectors in layer 1 and 4 significantly correlated with age. Conclusion. SD-OCT demonstrated the three-dimensional thickness distribution of retinal layers in normal eyes. Thickness of layers varied with sex and age and in different sectors. These variables should be considered while evaluating macular thickness.


for investigating the special properties of toakwood,the thorough knowledge of the extractives is required. only 8 years age,merely two extractives of teak were know :secondary calcium phosphate and tectequinone.meanwhile, however,the knowladge has been greatly onlarged some 40 other compounds have been found, the chemical constitution of many of which has been determined The folloiwing extractives were found: 6 new anthraquinones, 5 naphthoquinonos,4 quinonos of still unknown structure, loaf-quinones ,2 nautral compounds with naphthalene rings (pierate formation )very small amounts of fatty oil (below 1%)consisting of 8 different fatty acidst Finally,The terpenoidalcompounds squalene betulic acid, one tiriterpeno C30 H48 O5 and two other terpenoids were found, The dchydronaphthol compounds, tectol and dehydrotecto1,clucidated in their constitution by decomposition and synthesis


Recently we introduced a Compressive Sensing Miniature Ultra-Spectral Imaging (CS-MUSI) system. The system is based on a single Liquid Crystal (LC) cell and a parallel sensor array where the liquid crystal cell performs spectral encoding. Within the framework of compressive sensing, the CS-MUSI system is able to reconstruct ultra-spectral cubes captured with only an amount of ~10% samples compared to a conventional system. Despite the compression, the technique is extremely complex computationally, because reconstruction of ultra-spectral images requires processing huge data cubes of Gigavoxel size. Fortunately, the computational effort can be alleviated by using separable operation. An additional way to reduce the reconstruction effort is to perform the reconstructions on patches. In this work, we consider processing on various patch shapes. We present an experimental comparison between various patch shapes chosen to process the ultra-spectral data captured with CS-MUSI system. The patches may be one dimensional (1D) for which the reconstruction is carried out spatially pixel-wise, or two dimensional (2D) - working on spatial rows/columns of the ultra-spectral cube, as well as three dimensional (3D).


Developing support services in the community along the lines of Prime Minister David Cameron's "big society" could help 200 000 more people a year die where they would prefer to—at their home—rather than in hospital, a new report says.

Currently 290 000 people die in hospital every year in Britain, although two thirds of them—some 190 000—would prefer to die at home, shows a poll of more than 2000 people carried out for Demos, the political think thank that compiled the report.

The report says that the main structures of the community care networks it proposes could cost as little as £500m (€590m; $800m), or 2.5% of what …


Excerpt To the editor: Maringhini and associates (1) may have underestimated the risk of gallbladder cancer in persons with cholelithiasis. Gallbladder cancer is notoriously difficult to diagnose, ...


This talk is for the celebration of the 80th birthday of Andrzej Bialas. As such, this talk will be mostly serious. I met Andrzej Bialas for the first time at Quark Matter Formation and Heavy-Ion Collisions organized by Helmut Satz in Bielefeld, Germany, in 1982. Andrzej gave a talk about particle formation in high-energy hadron– nucleus collisions [1]. This meeting was among the first where ideas concerning possible experiments for ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions were seriously discussed. A few years before, I had estimated the energy deposition in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions [2], and Andrzej's work on formation time and hadron multiplicities were a crucial ingredient [3]. Formation time of hadrons was needed to understand in what space-time region matter was formed, I also had needed to understand the wounded nucleon model, as this provided an estimate of the multiplicities of produced particles. At that time, there was no data on ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, so the mutiplicities of produced particles were based on theories tested for proton– nucleus collisions. The work of the Polish theorists Czyz and Bialas [3], and the experimentalist Busza [4] and Bjorken [5] provided a deep understanding of proton–nucleus collisions. The wounded nucleon model remains a viable theory which is correct and useful now, 40 years after its invention.


Information Centric Networks (ICN) has been a new network paradigm and it has attracted a lot of attention recently. In this new model, contents are retrieved by their name, not by IP address, shifting from host-to-host to a host-to-content approach. In networking-caching plays a very important role in ICN, which enables routers to cache content in the path between a user and the permanent server, for instance. These intermediate nodes use a caching scheme to decide whether to store a content or not. However, most of the current caching schemes are only-one-criterion based and, given the dynamics of the network, this only one criterion may not be suitable, resulting in both low network hit ratio and performance. Therefore, we designed a MultiCriteria Caching Decision scheme for ICN, which not only considers one criterion for caching decision, but it aggregates three of them to better distribute content over the network and provide user's requests. Our results got a much higher cache hit ratio than the other evaluated schemes and a reasonable download time.


This chapter discusses the Meta_Body participatory art project. Initiated in a collaborative virtual environment and in a "real life" art exhibition, it now continues in the metaverse creative flux. Meta_Body focuses on two aspects: first, the avatar as body/language, open to experimentation and potency; second, avatar building as a shared creative process and as aesthetical experience. Through the practice of avatar creation, distribution, embodiment and transformation, the artists aim to understand the processes of virtual corporeality constitution: to question the role of the body in virtual environment, its importance in engaging with the world and in self-expression, and explore its metaphorical aspects. The method used to implement this project is a shared creative process, in which multiple subjects come to be authors along different phases of the project. Through the embodiment and transformation of avatars, the artwork's aesthetical experience becomes a creative process.


A computing system is provided with real-time capabilities so that the system is capable of running applications such that one or more real-time criteria are satisfied. An interrupt archi tecture of the computing system is disabled. The interrupt architecture generates interrupts sent to a firmware of the computing system in response to events. A different architec ture is substituted within the computing system for the inter rupt architecture. The different architecture is responsive to the events without violating the real-time criteria. In response to the events occurring, the different architecture causes one or more corrective actions to be performed.


Design flexibility and power consumption in addition to the cost, have always been the most important issues in design of integrated circuits. Power dissipation and energy consumption are especially important when there is a limited amount of power budget or limited source of energy. Recently advances in VLSI Technology have made it possible to put a complete System on Chip (SOC) which facilitates the developments of PDAs, Laptop, cellular phones etc. The evolutions of these applications profiles power dissipation as a critical parameter in digital VLSI design. Source coupled logic (SCL) applications are another examples where power dissipation is the primary design issue. The objective of this paper is "Low power memory design using source coupled logic". In this paper, the detailed working operation of the memory architecture has been analyzed. The Memory cell design is implemented in 0.18 micron CMOS process technology in both schematic mode and symbol mode. After implementing the memory cell, power analysis by varying parameters like temperature, supply voltage, capacitance and frequency has been done. Keywords--CMOS, Integrated circuit, Dynamic power, NMOS, Static power, VLSI.


Angular distributions of protons elastically scattered by Co/sup 59/, Ni/ sup 58/, Ni/sup 60/, Ni/sup 62/, Ni, and Cu/sup 65/ at 5.45 Mev, which is about 1.5 Mev below potential level, were measured. The variable results for sub- barrier energy protons elastic scattering on even-even and odd-odd isotopes indicate specific nucleon-nuclei interaction for each nuclide. Consequently the optical model, even with supplementary spinorbit sign in the interaction potential, cannot satisfactorily describe nucleon-nucleus interactions. (R.V.J.)


Gas generation during high-temperature conservation is suppressed to improve high-temperature conservation characteristics for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. In the negative electrode for the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a silicon-containing particle and graphite particle are provided. The graphite particle surface has a coat layer. The coat layer comprises a first coat material containing a particle that swells in a non-aqueous electrolytic solution, and a second coat material containing a water-soluble polymer material. The first coat material is present on the surface of the graphite particle. The mass ratio of the second coat material over the first coat material is greater than 1.


The utility model relates to the field of ventilating equipment. A centrifugal fan blade comprises a blade body and a guide ring, the blade body is formed by connecting of a blade bottom plate and blades, the guide ring is welded with the blades in a fixed mode through an ultrasonic wave, positioning blocks are arranged on the guide face of the guide ring, inner baffles are arranged on the inner sides of the positioning blocks, and the positioning blocks and the inner baffles are connected with the guide ring wholly. Grooves which are supplied for the positioning blocks to be inserted are arranged on the blades, the number of the blades is seven or nine, and welding wires which are connected with the guide ring wholly are arranged on the guide ring along the edges of the positioning blocks. The centrifugal fan blade has the advantages that the structure is novel, the guide ring and the blades can be rapidly and accurately welded, and firmness of connection is high.


Unlike the REITs in developed countries that are operated as an investment instrument in Real estate market,those in China are part of business of trusts companies.Furthermore,the trusts companies are required to meet some special regulations in order to investment in the Real estate market.Therefore,the acquaintance of legal characteristics and associate regulations of trusts and REITs will help to better understand REITs in China.


The author talks about the highlights of the 2010 Chemmart Pharmacy member conference, which was held to analyse the different brand strategies.


Detection of defects in dielectric products using an FMCW radar system is studied. Defect edge detection technique is used. Detectability requires a dielectric constant contrast between the host and the defect, and is impared by window functions, the sweep rate of the signal and the size of the FlT. Results are given in both 1D and 2D.


Near-field radiative heat transfer can exceed the blackbody limit, and this property has been explored toward energy transfer and conversion applications, such as thermophtovoltaic (TPV) devices, radiative cooling devices, and thermoradiative (TR) devices. The coupling of resonant modes between two surfaces is important in near- field heat transfer and near-field TPV and TR systems. It was shown that the coupling of resonant modes enhances the transmissivity between two coupled objects, which further determines the radiative heat transfer and energy conversion. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), which are surface resonances existing on metal surfaces, are commonly used for such systems. While the frequency of SPP resonance is fixed for a planar emitter, a nanostructured emitter supports additional resonances such as SPP or cavity modes with lower frequencies that are closer to the bandgap energy of a typical PV cell. We show that the nanostructured designs significantly improves the near-field radiative power transfer, and electric power output for a TR system.


The realities of the pandemic, military operations, and forced migration
increase the urgency of ensuring the youth's readiness for independent educational
activities, self-education, and the formation of an appropriate level of selfeducational competence. The article reveals the essence of the main concepts of
the problem of the formation of self-educational competence of schoolchildren.


The quality of Pediatric communication directly influences the treatment success, by promoting satisfactory adherence levels, information retention, and the inclusion of biopsychosocial demands. The main aim of this study was to perform a systematic literature review concerning pediatric communication, with papers published between 2000 and 2010. The selected studies were included in the following databases: PubMed/MedLine, Bireme/BVS and ScienceDirect, Capes Papers Online site, and SciELO. The 61 selected papers indicate the prevalence of descriptive designs and qualitative or quantitative analysis techniques, over experimental studies and the use of mixed data analysis techniques. The literature indicated the need to include the pediatric patient in the communication process and to consider psychosocial demands, highlighting the good results achieved by programs related to better communication patterns. The need is highlighted for systematic studies that can comprehend the factors involved in pediatric communication, and the inclusion of efficient psychosocial programs.


Seed dispersal and frugivory: ecology, evolution and conservation edited by D. J. Levey, W. R. Silva, and M. Galetti. CABI Publishing, Oxford. 2002. ISBN 0–85199–525‐X. Price UK£75. Cyclaneusma needle‐cast in New Zealand edited by L. S. Bulman and P. D. Gadgil. Forest Research Bulletin No. 222. Forest Research, Rotorua. 2001. iv + 75 p. Ringbound. ISSN 1174–5096. Price NZ$45. Available from firstname.lastname@example.com


In order to make VPSS visual inspection system practical,a kind of simple and convenient automatic camera calibration equipment is proposed which can change the degrees of freedom of Z、Y、under the camera revolving process.And it has confirmed that this automatic equipment has stability and the reliability through the theory analysis and the experiment.


In article it is noticed that modern conditions of managing make new demands to perfection of administrative activity with use of management innovations. It is noticed that in the russian practice by the basic obstacles for introduction of management inno-vations backwardness of techniques, procedures, skills of management are. Foreign models of introduction of innovations in management are considered, their advantages and lacks are noted. The two-stage method of selection of administrative innovations which conducts to decrease in degree of risk and occurrence of errors in the course of a choice of innovations is offered.


The dissertation by Anne-Charlott Callerstigs concerns gender mainstreaming implementation in public sector in Sweden. As a starting point, Callerstig stresses public administration as an important place where the idea and ambition of gender equality expects to be realized. The traditional ideal type of the public administration, based on the work of Max Weber, assumes that public officials are neutral and that the implementation process of political objectives can be portrayed as constituted of several and separable stages. Thus, research has shown that this is not often what the implementation process looks like. Instead, public officials are highly influencing the implementation process due to their own ideological worldviews, as well as further different factors. Since gender mainstreaming, the strategy for integrating an equality perspective into everyday policy planning and delivery, is supposed to be "ongoing" and not able to implement only once it highly questions the traditional ideal type of the function of the public administration. Drawing on a theoretical discussion about the role of the public administration, Callerstig wonders what the influencing factors and the role of actors are when implementing gender mainstreaming in public sector. On a more general level, the question concerns how gender mainstreaming is implemented. Importantly, Callerstig states that there is a lack of feministic implementation research, which is a considerable problem for the research field of implementation of public policy, as well as for the field of feministic research. At the first page of the book Callerstig states that the public administration needs to be studied when analyzing the fate of gender equality politics: "It may in fact be that to a large degree politics is shaped and given


A shroud tube was used to decrease the amount of particles toward the bag filters from whole particles entering a filter vessel. The effects of the shroud tube on the flow field and particle behavior inside the vessel were studied. The air mixed with dust particles enters the vessel through a tangential inlet duct. Some of the particles are deposited on the inside wall of the vessel and the surface of the shroud tube. The other ones are collected on the filter surface or passed through it. The particles deposited on the wall surfaces fall into a hopper by gravity, and those collected on filters are removed by back pulse-jet flow. Computational simulation was performed to know the prereduction rate of particles by deposition on the wall surfaces for the different shroud tubes. The experiment was accomplished with some shroud tubes suggested by the results of computational simulation, and the experimental results were compared qualitatively with the computational results. The shroud tube blocked the direct transport of particles toward the bag filters and reduced the particle loading onto the filters. The particle loading was reduced when the upper region of the vessel was not blocked by the shroud tube more than when the vessel was blocked wholly with the filters from the upper end wall. However, the re-entrainment of the particles removed from the filters by the back pulse cleaning increased when the upper region of the vessel was not blocked by the shroud tube more than when the vessel was blocked wholly with the filters from the upper end wall.


This work is supported by national funds through FCT – Fundacao para a
Ciencia e a Tecnologia, I.P., under the project UIDB/00736/2020.


Regulation of protein function through tyrosine phosphorylation is critical in the control of many developmental processes, such as cellular proliferation and differentiation. Growing evidence suggests that tyrosine phosphorylation also regulates key events in neural development. Although a large body of data has demonstrated that protein tyrosine kinases play an important role in neural development, much less is known about their counterparts, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases). Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with degenerate primers and a neonatal rat cortex cDNA library, we have identified seven PTPases expressed in the developing rat brain. Four of these are transmembrane PTPases: LAR, LRP, RPTPγ, and CPTP1. Three are nonreceptor PTPases: PTP‐1, P19‐PTP, and SHP. Northern hybridization analysis demonstrates that only CPTP1 is preferentially expressed in neural tissues, whereas the others are found abundantly in nonneural tissues as well as in the brain.


A coupling, eg for a limited slip differential of a four wheel drive vehicle, comprises a disc 41 which rotates in a chamber 40 filled with a viscous fluid and has in its surface spiral grooves 45, 55 which upon relative rotation between hub 36 and housing 35 generates, as a result of shearing forces in the fluid, a pressure and a volume flow. The pressure may be applied to a piston 37 which operates a friction clutch (32, fig 3) having outer and inner plates (33, 34, fig 3) non-rotatably connected to the housing 35 and hub 36 respectively. Alternatively the change in pressure or volume may be utilized in a viscous coupling (72, fig 14), having an annular piston (79, fig 14) and a compensating chamber (92, fig 14), so as to increase/decrease the distance between its plates (73, 74, fig 14). The grooves 45, 55 are connected by axial bores or recesses 49 which convey fluid from one groove to the other and a reservoir in the form of an annular groove 48 is also provided. Springs (eg 51, fig 6) and various other methods (see figs 6 to 12) may be employed to alter the coupling characteristic and/or to compensate for changes in fluid volume etc due to, for example, temperature effects.


The device comprises a frame (20), means (26, 30) for guiding said piece of clothing (40) and said tape (38) previously closed in a machine while maintaining a desired alignment, means (68 ) for monitoring the position and alignment of said previously closed band and said piece of clothing during the fixing process, means (30) for tensioning said previously closed strip and said garment piece and means (24) for securing said previously closed strip to said piece of clothing when said previously closed band and said workpiece are in said desired alignment.


The He3 and He4 concentrations were measured in 53 samples taken from 34 different metallic meteorites. Two meteorites were identified, Deep Springs and Clark County, that have considerably higher helium concentrations than any previously measured. The hexahedrites Edmonton and Braunau probably have the lowest He3/He4 ratio yet found, with the possible exception of selected samples from Washington County. The exposure ages relative to Grant were estimated for 25 of the meteorites. The estimates for the 3 oldest are: Deep Springs, 1550; Pinon, 1140; and Clark County, 1050 m.y. The lowest age found in this study was 40 m.y. for Monahans. The helium concentrations in the meteorites of low nickel content are lower than those in the medium octahedrites. The hexahedrites, as a class, have especially low helium concentrations and low ratios, but this study did reveal two hexahedrites, Iredell and Cedartown, that have higher helium concentrations and normal ratios. It is suggested that the anomalous helium concentrations of the hexahedrites are attributable to the presence of a small concentration of background helium that contains little, if any, He3.


The classical spin-vector Monte Carlo (SVMC) model is a reference benchmark for the performance of a quantum annealer. Yet, as a Monte Carlo method, SVMC is unsuited for an accurate description of the annealing dynamics in real-time.We introduce the spin-vector Langevin (SVL) model as an alternative benchmark in which the time evolution is described by Langevin dynamics. The SVL model is shown to provide a more stringent test than the SVMC model for the identification of quantum signatures in the performance of quantum annealing devices, as we illustrate by describing the Kibble-Zurek scaling associated with the dynamics of symmetry breaking in the transverse field Ising model, recently probed using D-Wave machines. Specifically, we show that D-Wave data are reproduced by the SVL model.


The aim is to establish new opportunities for application of universal electronic cards in the process of informatization of resort and recreational complex in the North Caucasus Federal District based on an analysis of its specificity. Shows uneven commitment to the implementation of universal electronic cards in the North Caucasian Federal District. Proposes introduction of specific North-Caucasian Federal District services with technical ability to connect to the universal electronic card that will enhance the competitiveness of the resort and recreational complex. This information services: the creation of electronic health resort maps, electronic guest card, badge in spa facilities, a payment instrument in recreational areas, trains, cable cars, electric sanatorium card and electronic medical records in the treatment rooms sanatoria. Describes the projected benefits of resort and recreational complex in the North Caucasus Federal District: transparency and control over payment of services rendered, increasing the attractiveness of the resorts, the collection of statistical data on the actual development of resort and recreational complex, increasing the attractiveness of the region, the lack of queues, the possibility of automatic registration.


The out-of-plane impact compression properties of 3D carbon/epoxy resin braided composites were tested by split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)at 20-300℃.Then the effects of temperature on the impact compression properties of 3D braided composites were analyzed.The results showed that the temperature had significant effect on the impact compression properties of 3D braided composite and its compression stiffness,failure stress and energy absorption decreased with the increase of the test temperature,the failure strain increased with the increase of the test temperature.Shear damage was the mainly compressive failure mode of the 3D braided composites,and the damage increased with the increase of the test temperature.


The purpose of this paper is to develop a convergence theory for multigrid methods applied to nearly singular linear elliptic partial diierential equations, of the type produced from a positive deenite system by a shift with the identity. The theory is rst applied to a method for computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors that consists of multigrid iterations with zero right-hand side and updating the shift from the Rayleigh quotient before every cycle. It is then applied to the Rayleigh quotient multigrid method (RQMG), which is a more direct multigrid procedure for solving eigenproblems. Local convergence of the multigrid V-cycle and global convergence for a full multigrid version of both methods is obtained. AMS(MOS) subject classiications. 65N55, 65F10, 65N30. 1. Introduction. In this paper, we consider the solution of the generalized eigenvalue problem based in an abstract nite-dimensional Hilbert space V with inner product (;): Find 2 R and 0 6 = u 2 V such that Here, A and B are linear continuous symmetric operators deened on V , A is positive deenite, and B is positive semideenite. We will consider two multigrid approaches for nding the smallest eigenvalue for (1.1) based on a sequence of subspaces. One uses multigrid as an inner loop solver for an outer loop inverse iteration type process, which has been studied by many authors (cf. the early work in 1] and 7]). The other is the Rayleigh quotient multigrid method (RQMG 5, 8]), which is a more direct approach based on minimizing the Rayleigh quotient at each stage of the multigrid processing. We will analyze convergence of these two multigrid methods by developing and applying a general convergence theory for singular or nearly singular linear problems: Given f 2 V and a scalar 2 R, nd 0 6 = u 2 V such that (A ? B)u = f: (1.2) Previous convergence results for multigrid algorithms applied to (1.2) were obtained by Bank 1]. In order to establish norm estimates for the rate of convergence, the shift was assumed to be bounded away from the smallest eigenvalue of (1.1) in


THE DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA, IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
(MBA)
DECEMBER, 1997.


The article considers the process of formation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), as well as domestic and foreign policy factors that influence the implementation of this integrational association.


Let $k_{\infty}$ be a $\Z_p^d$-extension of a global function field $k$ of characteristic $p$. Let $\Cl_{k_{\infty},p}$ be the $p$ completion of the class group of $k_{\infty}$. We prove that the characteristic ideal of the Galois module $\Cl_{k_{\infty},p}$ is generated by the Stickelberger element of Gross which calculates the special values of $L$ functions.


When speaking of the uselessness of ̳digital', ̳computer', ̳media', ̳information', ̳technological', ̳physical', ̳scientific', ̳water', etc. literacies, it is entirely appropriate to begin ̳Before the Beguine', to slightly alter the title of a musically ambitious jazz waltz from Cole Porter and its eventual popularisation by Artie Shaw in the 1930s. This is so because when speaking on the topic of literacy — of its psychological conception, material production, social distribution and private/public articulation — any correspondent is inevitably engaged with the entire width and breadth of human knowledge, in every single time and space, across the whole horizon of our individual/collective existence. It is a topic that involves every one of us.


The influence of calcium supply on the chlorophyll, carotene, nucleic acid, and protein content in Scenedesmus obtusiusculus Chod. was investigated. Evidence showed that upon addition of calcium-starved cells to a culture medium containing calcium, the levels of all these components increased slowly for 15 h. During the next 33 h chlorophyll and carotene content increased more rapidly, and the chlorophyll a:b ratio also increased. During this growth period, both RNA and protein content increased linearly whereas DNA content did not increase on a dry weight basis throughout the period of observation.


In an effort to improve our understanding on the workings of the coastal ocean for a variety of environmental applications and to improve upon forecasts of storm surge for residents along the West Coast of Florida, the University of South Florida's College of Marine Science (USF/CMS) established a real-time Coastal Ocean Monitoring Prediction System (COMPS) for the West Florida Shelf region. COMPS http://comps.marine.usf.edu program assets consist of arrays of offshore buoys and coastal tidal stations for surface meteorology and in-water measurement of temperature, salinity, and currents, and sea level; along with five High Frequency (HF) radar sites for offshore surface-current velocity field measurements. This paper will discuss the evolution of the USF/CMS HF Radar Network, consisting of three Direction Finding (DF) CODAR long-range SeaSonde HF radars and two Phased Array (PA) WERA systems with one site containing co-located CODAR and WERA systems; the first and only co-located and operational site in America.


The economic development of Shanghai has entered into a new round of development phase after the 2010 World Expo. In the 12th five-year plan period, Shanghai will encounter the critic segment in the construction of the "4 centers", striving for the international trade center. In the meantime, Shanghai will confront the new development environment that opportunities will coexist with challenges because of the finish of the World Expo. The uncertainty of the post-expo effect makes it necessary for us to analyze the construction of international trade center with the specific factors of post-expo comprehensively, identifying the advantages and disadvantages in order to make a reasonable forecast and prospect, hereby propose some applied advice for the policies.


This work was carried out at the Laboratorio de Entomologia da Embrapa - CNPA, in Campina Grande, state of Paraiba, Brazil, in 1998/99, to study the duration and viability of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) larvae, fed with Aphis gossypii (Homoptera, Aphididae) and Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), under controlled conditions. The temperature was 25+-2 o C, 70+-10% UR and 12-hour photophase. The C. externa pre-imaginal development was normal: larval phase with three instars, pre-pupa and pupa. The results showed that C. externa larvae fed on A. gossypii had a first and third instar longer than the ones fed with S. cerealella . However, no effect was observed in the phases' viability, excepting the pre-pupa. C. externa can feed on both preys without viability loss, although this may enhance some phases' duration.


Athletic training programs blend didactic experiences with clinical practice opportunities with varied patient populations. Traditionally, clinical education relies heavily on the preceptor to supervise, instruct, and mentor the professional athletic training student (P-ATS) during clinical education.To describe a preceptor-led educational technique focused on creating meaningful clinical experiences that guide the P-ATS to self-reflect and improve clinical decision-making.Preceptors are expected to create an effective learning environment at their clinical site that prepares the P-ATS for independent clinical practice, yet some authentic patient encounters and administrative tasks may not be possible because of the nature of the clinical site. By implementing novel clinical education techniques that mimic clinical practice, the P-ATS can engage in meaningful clinical experiences in a safe environment, which aids in professional readiness for independent clinical practice that address learner goals and deficiencies in areas with minimal opportunities for real-time encounters.The preceptor designed educational techniques to cultivate meaningful clinical experiences that included incognito standardized patient encounters, structured debriefing, and reflective journaling.A 3-fold benefit exists. First, the P-ATS engages in meaningful clinical experiences to enhance professional readiness for replication of independent clinical practice. Second, the P-ATS develops soft skills, such as metacognitive reflection and quality improvement strategies, after completing the debrief sessions and reflective journaling. Lastly, the preceptor shares contemporary expertise through designing and implementing instructional strategies that mentor the P-ATS through difficult conversations and unique patient presentations.Implementation of novel instructional strategies within clinical education demonstrates the ability for the P-ATS to engage in real-time clinical experiences in a safe environment and under the guidance of the preceptor.


Background: Various studies reported that Low serum vitamin D has been found to be associated with various types of metabolic illness such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. Low serum 25 (OH) D levels have been linked to a range of non-skeletal health conditions in adults, including metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To determine serum 25 (OH) D concentrations in all study subjects. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out to determine serum 25(OH)D concentration in all study subjects. For this study, 90 subjects were recruited after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study subjects were divided into two groups: 45 subjects with MetS and 45 subjects without MetS. Results: Mean±SD of Age (years), Height (m), Weight (kg), BMI (kg/m2), WC (cm), SBP (mmHg), DBP (mmHg) in Group I and Group II. Subjects with MetS had higher Weight (kg), BMI (kg/m2), WC (cm), SBP (mmHg), DBP (mmHg) than those subjects without MetS. The relationship of BMI, FPG with Vitamin D became significant when FPG entered into model 2. Again, it was evident that Vitamin D was associated with height, BMI and FPG and these relationships remained significant even after TG and HDL-C entered into model 3. Conclusion: In conclusion we can say that low serum vitamin D concentration may predispose to higher BMI, WC, SBP and FPG also low serum vitamin D concentration is negatively correlated with components of MetS (WC, SBP and FPG).


In order to generate a control command for performing machining while useless processing as much as possible reduced, in an automatic programming device generates a Bearbeitungsprozessdatenerzeugungs- / editing machining shapes (second machining shapes) for all the machining processes of each of a externally inputted plurality of machining shapes (first machining shapes) receives, a tool / processing sequences / tool direction editing 4 an input of the execution order of the machining processes, deformed a machining-process with respect to a plurality of machining shapes with one and the same tool direction from the second processing forms a machining shape of the plurality of machining shapes so that processing in the input order of execution are performed can (S1722), deletes from another machining shape, which a machining shape due to the deformation of the egg NEN machining shape overlaps a portion of the overlap (S1724), and generates a third machining shape, and generates a control command generating unit to operate based on the third processing form and the execution order of input, a control command to cause the machine tool.


This summer I have been working in the EDI (Exploration, Development, and Integration) office. The primary goal of my office is to facilitate the integration, cooperation, and communication between programs, projects and departments throughout the agency. The majority of my efforts has been focused on Cradle, a requirements management and systems engineering tool. This tool is utilized by teams throughout NASA to plan and track the development of a variety of ongoing projects.


This paper describes a 5‐ns rise‐time resistive voltage probe for use up to 150 kV. It is based on a wire‐counterwound design and uses low‐voltage arms incorporating fast switching diodes for oscilloscope protection. Much attention was paid to reducing inductance in the system through a compact layout, while still ensuring adequate dielectric insulation.


To identify diagnostic utilities of Anti citrullinated protein (A-CCP) and Rheumatoid factor (RF) & ESR are autoantibodies (Abs directed against an individual's own, Analytical study. The questioner reported for 50 patients with RA were collected from Department of Rheumatology¸ ALE—Sader Teaching Hospital. serum levels of A-CCP Abs & RF were determinated by enzymeE—linked immunosorbent assay, level of Erythrocyte sedimentation Rate (ESR) were determined by westergreen method. Distribution of RA occur in females more than male (80%) & (20%) respectively according to patients group. The patients divided according to age for three group ( 50). The percent for these group (16%)¸ (52%) & (32%). Among the 50 patients with RA¸ CCP¸ ESR. 49 patients (98%) tested positive for AE—CCP antibodies¸ and 22 patients (44%) tested positive for RF. and 37 patients(74% ) tested increasing levels for ESR in RA patients. The mean value of A-CCP & ESR show highly significanceE— (P<0·05) while the RF serum levels increase significantly. With its high sensitivity and specificity¸ the A-CCP antibodies assay is a useful test for diagnosing RA. However, the use of A-CCP antibodies and RF in combination further increase the diagnostic value for RA.


In this paper, optical properties of nanoparticles (nanodisks and nanospheres) composed of photofunctional metals like palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt) over a large dimension range are investigated using the electromagnetic simulation and quasi-static theory. These characteristics are compared with their counterparts in plasmonic gold (Au) nanoparticles. Pd/Pt-nanodisks with larger dimension have higher absorption and lower scattering efficiencies than Au-nanodisks that accompany with lower extinction efficiencies and broader resonances. Although an increment in the dimension (diameter and height) of Au/Pd/Pt-nanoparticles decreases the absorption-to-scattering ratios, these ratios are less sensitive to the height size in Au-nanodisks, which causes their LSPR spectra become much broader. It is noteworthy that the LSPR quality factor of Pd nanoparticles is improved by considering the radiative damping and depolarization in quasi-static method unlike the Au nanoparticles. The importance of the highly absorptive Pd/Pt nanoparticles can be traced in the photo-functionalized and energy applications.


The issue of data collection in wireless sensor networks was studied.A mobile sink-based data collection scheme called DCSR was proposed.DCSR consisted of two phases.Firstly,a number of collection sites were selected according to the sensor distribution.And then a quantum genetic algorithm was performed to calculate the shortest loop across the sites.The sink node would travel along this loop periodically and collect data at each site.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that DCSR has better performance and collects more data.


Progressive transmission of medical images through internet has emerged as a promising protocol for teleradiology applications. The major issue that arises in teleradiology is the difficulty of transmitting large volume of medical data with relatively low bandwidth. Recent image compression techniques have increased the viability by reducing the bandwidth requirement and cost-effective delivery of medical images for primary diagnosis. This paper presents an effective algorithm to compress and reconstruct Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images. DICOM is a standard for handling, storing, printing and transmitting information in medical imaging. These medical images are volumetric consisting of a series of sequences of slices through a given part of the body. DICOM image is first decomposed by Cohen-Daubechies-Feauveau (CDF) biorthoganal wavelet. The wavelet coefficients are encoded using Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) algorithm. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is performed on the images and the coefficients are JPEG coded. The quality of the compressed image by each method is compared and the method exhibiting highest Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) is retained for the image. The proposed method provides superior performance in terms of compression rate and reconstructed image quality.


Curriculum reform is always guided by the ideas of educationa l nature which must achieve the change from ideas to action,especially the teac hing style of courses.The basis and core of curriculum teaching reform in curre nt China are the formation of new ideas of educational nature and the eliminatio n of cultural or conceptual conflictions in the curriculum reform as well as of the mispplacement of ideas,action,system and evaluation.


In this manuscript, we present the semi-numerical solution for laminar flow in a porous pipe with velocity slip. The flow is analyzed by employing Computer extended series method(CES) and Homotopy analysis method(HAM). The primary objective is to study the influence of non-zero tangential slip velocity on the velocity field and shear stress. The convergence region of the obtained solutions are examined by Domb-Sykes plot and h-curve. The validity of the series solution is further extended to a larger value of Reynolds number for different slip coefficients. Finally, we compared the results obtained by the proposed methods, and are presented in the form of graphs. The above methods admits desired accuracy and are validated with the available numerical results.


Historically, psychiatry and clinical psychology focused on understanding how stressful life conditions led to psychiatric disorders. With the rise of positive psychology, the focus shifted to thriving through adversity and to concepts such as resilience. However, the number of mental disorders is still increasing. Due to a neoliberal Western decontextualizing stance in psychology, the concept of resilience is at risk of reproducing power imbalances and discrimination within our society. Resilience is analysed from a critical perspective, mostly with a Marxist point of view, including Foucauldian discursive approaches, as well as a biomedical critique of the current mental health system, to illustrate the shortcomings of Western psychologies. This article illustrates how a contextualized understanding of resilience that accounts for political, historical, and socioeconomic contexts at analytical levels besides the individual may overcome this ethnocentric and neoliberal bias.


This study assessed the growth of Pinus taeda L. treated with lime sludge and potassium chloride, sources of calcium and potassium respectively. It also evaluated the effects of the treatment on soil chemical and biological variables. The study was carried out in the municipality of Três Barras, Santa Catarina, Brazil. In February, 2000, in a completely randomized block design, three different rates of lime sludge (0, 4, and 8 t/ha) and three rates of potassium chloride (0, 40, and 80 kg/ha) were applied to the soil (a Oxisol) of a young plantation. The plantation of bare root seedlings was done in the winter of 1999 in a 2.5 x 2.5 m spacing. Stand growth, chemical and biological soil variables were analyzed annually. Nutritional status was analyzed for the period of 2002 to 2005 through foliage analysis. The lime sludge significantly increased soil calcium, pH, cation exchange capacity, and decreased C/N ratio and aluminum content. The lime sludge application significantly impacted total height, diameter at breast height and total volume of wood. The last assessment on total volume at age 8 years showed an increment of 15% greater for 8 t/ha of lime application as compared to the control. The potassium chloride application did not show any significant difference in stand growth; neither did it seem to affect soil potassium content. In addition, the potassium chloride treatments did not significantly affect the foliage nutrient content. Although soil respiration was not affected by the treatments applied, there was somewhat higher soil respiration when 4 and 8 t/ha were applied. The treatments did not affect the activity of fosfatase, dehydrogenase, and β-glucosidase. The application of lime sludge significantly impacted the content of calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen on the foliage of Pinus taeda L.


The paper analyzes the quality of the academic thesis in order to enhance its quality.The management method and the measures to enhance its quality are discussed.The relevance between the management measures and the quality of the journals are explored.The key points for enhancing the quality of the journal are as follows: first,to enhance the construction of the research team;second,to promote the implementation of OA.These measures can guarantee the quality of the academic thesis.


An automatically phased HF receiving array using separate RF amplifiers for each element and IF signal combination is discussed. The type of array considered corrects essentially all phase errors between the distant transmitter and the point where the received signals are combined. This includes errors due to the propagation path, array element motion, near-field obstructions, and instabilities in electronic equipment and RF cables. The array also corrects phase shifts due to changes in angle of arrival, thus giving it the highly desirable property of automatically tracking a desired signal. The effects of interference on array performance and methods for minimizing these effects are discussed. The effect of a single monochromatic interfering signal is discussed in some detail, and results showing regions of acceptable and unacceptable performance in terms of the ratio of desired-to-interfering signal strength and the difference between desired and interfering signal frequencies are presented. A six-element experimental array is described, a technique for measuring patterns is discussed, and measured array patterns are compared with calculated array patterns.


In the article the criminal-legal characteristics of destruction of the identification number, the number of a body, the chassis or the vehicle's engine is given, the criminal liability for which is stipulated by item 326 the Criminal code of the Russian Federation. Practical problems of criminal-legal estimation of the appropriate criminal act are analyzed.


On the basis of the general thermodynamic approach developed in a model describing the influence of point defects on the separation work at an interface of solid materials is developed. The kinetic equations describing the defect exchange between the interface and the material bulks are formulated. The model have been applied to the case when joined materials contain such point defects as impurity atoms (interstitial and substitutional), concretized the main characteristic parameters required for a numerical modeling as well as clarified their domains of variability. The results of the numerical modeling concerning the dependences on impurity concentrations and the temperature dependences are obtained and analyzed. Particularly, the effects of interfacial strengthening and adhesion incompatibility predicted analytically for the case of impurity atoms are verified and analyzed.


Through-wall radar imaging may be greatly enhanced by exploiting the multi-path propagation associated with walls, floors, ceilings and periodic structures. This paper describes electromagnetic models for such mechanisms, and presents imaging functions that incorporate these models. The resulting image provides super-resolution like quality.


In this study, buckling analysis of a nano sized beam has been performed by using Timoshenko beam theory and Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory. Timoshenko beam theory takes into account not only bending moment but also shear force. Therefore, it gives more accurate outcomes than Euler Bernoulli beam theory. Moreover, Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory takes into account the small scale effect. Thus, these two theories are utilized in this study. The vertical displacement function is chosen as a Fourier sine series.  Similarly, the rotation function is chosen as a Fourier cosine series. These functions are enforced by Stokes' transformation, and higher order derivatives of them are obtained. These derivatives are written in the governing equations for the buckling of nonlocal Timoshenko beams. Hence Fourier coefficients are acquired.  Subsequently boundary condition of established beam model is identified with Timoshenko beam and Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theories, and the linear equations are obtained.  A coefficients matrix is created by utilizing these linear systems of equations. When determinant of this coefficient matrix is calculated, the critical buckling loads are acquired. Finally, achieved outcomes are compared with other studies in the literature.  Calculated results are also presented in a series of figures and tables


OBJECTIVE To achieve the full integration with the HIS system,implementing the functions of information collection automation,storage and statistics,to achieve the networking supervision and management in hospital infection.METHODS ORACLE9I database,PB and VISUAL STUDIO development platform,supportive WINDOWS XP/LINUX and ICD-10/CM3 other operating systems were fully integrated with the HIS system,to form the online version of information system.RESULTS Information collection,storage and automation of transmission applications methods,intensification of information processing and integrated classification were achieved,and the problem that the resource couldn′t be shared in a single system was settled.CONCLUSIONS It provides direct and complete data to get the relevant information of hospital infection,and has improv the management level of infection from both the macro and micro aspect and increased the depth of management and improving hospital infection management level.


For producing high molecular weight copolymers of ethylene and 1-hexene, a series of silicon-bridged fluorenyl−phenoxy group 4 complexes R2Si(Flu)(3-tBu-5-Me-2-C6H2O)MCl2 (4a: M = Ti; R = Me; Flu = fluoren-9-yl; 4b: M = Ti; R = Et; Flu = fluoren-9-yl; 4c: M = Ti; R = Me; Flu =2,7-tBu2-fluoren-9-yl; 4d: M = Ti; R = Et; Flu =2,7-tBu2-fluoren-9-yl; 8: M = Zr; R = Me; Flu =2,7-tBu2-fluoren-9-yl; 9: M = Hf; R = Me; Flu =2,7-tBu2-fluoren-9-yl) were prepared by two methods. One was a reaction of MCl4 (M = Ti, Zr, and Hf) with the dilithium salts generated by treating corresponding ligands 1a−d with nBuLi in the presence of Et3N in toluene and the other used MCl2(NR′2)2 (6a: M = Ti; R′ = Me, 6b: M = Zr; R′ = Et, 6c: M = Hf; R′ = Me) instead of MCl4 followed by successive chlorination with Me3SiCl. X-ray crystallographic study of 4d indicated that the cyclopentadienyl moiety of the fluorenyl ligand is bound to the titanium atom in a fashion between η3 and η5. The newly prepared titanium complexes 4a−d exhibited hi...


Development of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and other techniques of medically assisted procreation has increased knowledge of the fertilizing capacity of sperm. Direct observation of fertilization during in vitro procedures has permitted establishment of previously impossible correlations between various parameters of sperm and their ability to fertilize at least in vitro. It has become obvious that the classical parameters of the spermogram the number mobility and morphology of sperm do not constitute a sure way of predicting fertility. Results of previous assessments of these parameters are highly discordant probably for several reasons: 1) many studies seeking to correlate the classic parameters and fecundity in vitro were conducted before techniques of culturing gametes for IVF were perfected 2) many studies were conducted on small numbers of cases and 3) a lack of standardization in analysis of different parameters impeded comparison of results. An insufficient number of sperm is not a limiting factor in IVF but serious oligospermia is most often accompanied by other anomalies. Reduced mobility diminishes the fertilizing capacity of sperm but asthenospermia is not a limiting condition of there are some mobile sperm and no associated oligospermia or teratospermia. The most recent work indicate that the morphology of sperm is a significant predictor of fertility. Experience demonstrates that there is no problem with rates of teratospermia of 60-70% by Davids classification but that teratospermia becomes a problem at over 80%. The spermogram allows identification of cases of oligoasthenospermia (OAS) so severe as to preclude any possibility of fertilization but in less severe cases other tests are used to aid in deciding whether to attempt IVF. New tests of sperm quality currently under study include evaluation of sperm movement using microphotographic or microfilm techniques computer-assisted evaluation of the size and form of the head of sperm of colored slides evaluation of the maturity of nuclear proteins using a relatively simple coloration with aniline blue and assessment of the release of the contents of the acrosome to the exterior of the sperm. Various functional tests proposed in the past few years have demonstrated very variable correlations with fertility. 2 tests showing promising results are the hypoosmotic swelling tests which tests the functional integrity of the sperm membrane and the test of survival after 24 hours. Intraspecific in vitro fertilization is the ideal test of the fertilizing capacity of sperm because it involves all of the major steps in fertilization. Ethical considerations however limit the test to ovocytes obtained from a spouse when there is some realistic hope of fertilization. Use of hamster ovocytes and other techniques offer promise but have not yet yielded methods of observing sperm-ovocyte interaction at the cellular level.


The paper presents trials of optimization of both energetic and technical parameters of windows that were carried out and described in the literature. In addition, the author presented her original plan of the experiment, an ultimate goal of which is the optimization of thermal parameters of windows. As a result of the calculations, there is a possibility of combining different variants of the energy balance for the fragment of the outer wall with a window.


Maps are a common tool for visualizing various statistical figures that describe development in our society. Domain experts, journalists, and general public can pose questions on how to emphasize regions where, for instance, most young patients have long stayed in hospitals. One of the visualization's problems is expressing validities of short-quantified sentences for regions on maps. The truth value of a summary assigns a value from the unit interval, which makes it suitable for interpretation on maps by hues of a selected colour, but it does not reflect the data distribution among regions. To meet this goal, a new quality measure covering data distribution among districts and its aggregation by the ordinal sums of conjunctive and disjunctive functions with the truth value is proposed and documented on examples. The next proposal is a relative quantifier expressing significant proportion of entities. This model is applied to the interpretation of COVID-19 cases development in the Slovak Republic on real data from one health insurance company. Finally, this article discusses the applicability of the proposed approach in other areas where the interpretation of summarized sentences on maps is beneficial.


We expect private foundations to shape public culture. They have the motive (to improve the world) and the means (discretionary funds); they certainly have tried to alter beliefs and practices. Close examination, however, indicates that foundations do not create so much as accomodate prevailing cultural practice. The earliest large-scale foundations took their cue from the progressive movement and a rationalistic approach to social reform. Across foundation history, the pattern has been to be early followers rather than initiators as evident in the history of funding for environmentalism, feminism, or multiculturalism. Moreover, the decisive changes in political-economic culture in the 1930s and again in the 1980s were only marginally affected by foundations.


Bayesian evidence ratios are widely used to quantify the statistical consistency between different experiments. However, since the evidence ratio is prior dependent, the precise translation between its value and the degree of concordance/discordance requires additional information. The most commonly adopted metric, the Jeffreys scale, can falsely suggest agreement between datasets when priors are chosen to be sufficiently wide. In this work, we examine evidence ratios in a DES-Y1 simulated analysis, focusing on the internal consistency between weak lensing and galaxy clustering. We study two scenarios using simulated data in controlled experiments. First, we calibrate the expected evidence ratio distribution given noise realizations around the best fit DES-Y1 $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. Second, we show the behavior of evidence ratios for noiseless fiducial data vectors simulated using a modified gravity model, which generates internal tension in the $\Lambda$CDM analysis. We show that the choice of prior could conceal the discrepancies between weak lensing and galaxy clustering induced by such models and that the evidence ratio in a DES-Y1 study is, indeed, biased towards agreement.


Method of manufacturing a TFT according to aspects of the present invention, thin-film transistors, integrated circuits, liquid crystal display device, and an exposure method using a halftone mask is used for forming a contact hole (contact hole) which extends completely through the resist. After all of the manufacturing method of the thin film transistor it is irradiated with light from a light source to the resist of the glass substrate through a mask, developing the resist, and comprising a contact hole is formed in the resist, is used for i-line as the light source. Thin-film transistors, integrated circuits, liquid crystal display device, a halftone mask, exposing the resist, contact holes


This review introduces the application of transient directing strategy in the cyclization reactions via C-H activation. The types of cyclization reactions include C-H activation/intramolecular C(sp3)-H arylation, C-H activation/intramolecular hydroarylation of...


Boron-doped BaTi1-xB2xO3+X materials were prepared via organic chelating chemistry using alcohols as solvents/ligands. When sintered under air at 900 °C, those materials were light-yellow colored, and yielded the dielectric properties comparable to those of pristine BaTiO3 sintered at 1300 °C. However, they displayed blue/gray color after sinterd under Ar or a reductive atmosphere like 5%H2/Ar at T > 850 °C, and the dielectric properties dramatically changed compared with the samples sintered under air, suggesting the transformation of insulating BaTiO3 into an semiconductor. By contrast, pristine BaTiO3 samples differed slightly in the dielectric properties when the sintering atmosphere was shifted from air to Ar or 5%H2/Ar. The possible mechanism of the "reduction" behavior in BaTi1-xB2xO3+X materials (the role of boron in reduction of Ti4+ to Ti3+ in BaTiO3 lattice) is under investigation.


Supported Employment for people with severe disabilities has resulted in wage and economic outcomes more than triple the wages in segregated settings. Furthermore, supported employees realize far better integration outcomes than their counterparts in segregated settings. Nonetheless, the average supported employment earnings are US$464.00 per person per month, well below the poverty line. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new demonstration of the capabilities of people with severe disabilities in the work place. This paper describes an effort that has resulted in 55 jobs in a single organizational structure, a County government. The wage and benefit outcomes are nearly three times the outcomes of supported employment nationally. These employees with disabilities, who are similar in disability labels and severity of disability to national figures, also receive full employment benefits and have worked an average of nearly 3 years. The results are discussed in the context of the key features that might be replicated in the ongoing implementation of supported employment. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.


The paper analyzes the Yangtze River Delta region of 16 cities the distribution of 2009 premium income,basis on geospatial analysis and GeoDA spatial analysis software.The level of premium income between the cities of space rele-vance,premium income and GDP of space relevance of science to the more intuitive expression of the Yangtze River Delta region the distribution of premium income between urban spatial association information,more science show in 2009 the insurance development in the region.The results showed that the Yangtze River Delta in 2009 premium income of 16 cities in the spatial association of the negative correlation coefficient of the absolute value of small patchwork distribution of pre-mium income,Show what the distribution of high middle and low basin.


In this paper supporting tools of a new mark-up language developed for service creation in next generation networks are presented. The language supports open interfaces of Parlay/Open service access and its grammar is formally described in augmented Backus Naur form (ABNF). In order to allow language extensibility without the need of manual reprogramming its interpreter, a translator-generator is developed. The translator-generator automatically generates parts of the language interpreter.


: The problem presented in the study is the aspect of moving towards centralization of the func- tions and tasks of a company providing implementing, configuration and maintenance services of a telecom network.The aim of the study is the evaluation of the impact of centralization on selected factors of basic processes in a service company. Based on the analysis of the results of this evaluation, there will be possibility of reengineering processes within the company at the very beginning of implementing the changes. The evaluation of the impact of centralization on key business areas of the company is done by comparative analysis of the basic indicators before and after implementing the changes. For the in depth cognition and modelling of the processes a case study is adopted.


A high-throughput on-chip transistor characterisation macro that can be used to efficiently and accurately characterise large, dense arrays of transistors for variability studies is designed. The prototype macro is used to perform current–voltage characterisation of a 2.8 mm2, 1600-transistor array with digital interfaces.


One of the distinguishing characteristics of peasantries is that they form "partsocieties with part cultures,"' and it is by now a truism that any peasant community can be fully understood only by examining its relationships to the society around it. This is, however, by no means an easy task; and in recent years a variety of conceptual frameworks have been developed to attack this problem. This paper will use even another means of exploring the multifaceted ties of a Cambodian village with its sociocultural milieu: an accounting and examination of the number, purposes, and destinations of trips made by villagers to various points outside their home c0mmunity.t Such information, when coupled with data gained from standard ethnographic procedures, can yield interesting insights into several problems. For instance, it can help to determine the relative degree of isolation or outside contact that a village maintains, those areas of activity in which a village is largely self-sufficient and others in which external communities are involved, which communities are important parts of the village's network$ of external relationships, and the functions that such communities perform for the village. Such questions, with particular attention paid to the village's contacts with towns and cities, are especially important for the consideration of urban influences on peasant life, a central concern of these symposia. This type of analysis requires some specification of the kinds of population units that may serve as focal points in a network of interaction, and the method of observation and counting of journeys. For the first, the major types of settlements in Cambodia may be broadly and impressionistically categorized into cities, towns, and villages. (1)The large and complex settlement known as a "city" is not new to Cambodian life, having existed long before European influence in the capitals of ancient Khmer dynasties. For example, the famous Angkor Thom of the 13th century had a substantial population and a size greater than