Well TP2 is a deep exploration well with a completion depth of 6925 m.Formations penetrated by this well are complex and buried deep.Tight hole,washout,swelling and caving of troublesome formations were very common in drilling this well.It is required that the drilling fluid used in this well should have enough inhibitive capacity,high temperature tolerance and wall-building capability,good suspension and cutting-carrying capacity,bore hole caving prevention and lubricity.Different muds,such as potassium chloride-polymer mud,sulfonate mud,poly glycol mud,were used in different sections of this well.All the muds used were stable at elevated temperatures and high pressures and satisfied the needs for drilling in ultra deep well drilling in shale formations and thief zones.


This paper deals with microfibrillar reinforced composites (MFC), based on blends from recycled poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET), polypropylene (PP) and a compatibilizer poly(ethylene-co-glycidylmethacrylate) (E-GMA). They were prepared by melt extrusion and cold drawing. The PET/PP/E-GMA weight ratios amounted to 40/60/0, 40/59/1, 40/57/3, 40/54/6 and 40/51/9, respectively. Rectangular samples were prepared by injection moulding (IM) at processing temperatures either below or above the melting temperatures of PET. The samples at each stage of MFC manufacturing were characterised by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), and mechanical testing. The SEM and WAXS methods showed that the extruded blends are isotropic, but they became highly orientated after drawing, and they are converted into MFC structured polymer-polymer composites during IM. This MFC structure is characterised by an isotropic PP matrix, which contains randomly distributed PET fibrils as a reinforcing element. The values of the flexural modulus and the flexural strength of the IM samples are with some 50% better than those of the ordered PP. The effect of the compatibilizer resulted in a smaller size of the PET spheres after extrusion blending, but also in shorter fibrils after MFC processing. This caused, in turn, a little reduction in the value of MFC-modulus with E-GMA content, but a clear improvement in the impact energies (up to a compatibilizer fraction of 6%).


I n 1983, in the hypothesis section of Lancet, Salama and colleagues suggested that the mechanism involved in the successful treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was due to contamination of IVIG with red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies. Their suggestion was that such antibodies sensitize the recipient's RBCs and that the immunoglobulin (Ig)G-sensitized RBCs compete successfully with the IgG-sensitized platelets (PLTs) for Fc receptor sites on macrophages. In this short report they reported on six D+ ITP patients who were given intravenous (IV) anti-D to produce a mild hemolytic syndrome with a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT); the PLT counts in three of these patients increased considerably. In 1986, the same group reported a similar approach to treat 17 ITP patients; significant elevation of the PLT count occurred in 15 of the patients. Other reports from the United States and Canada followed. The Rh Institute in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, had produced an intravenous anti-D (WinRho) for prophylaxis of Rh disease. This product was used to treat ITP in the United States and Canada with good results and few adverse reactions; there was no acute hemolysis reported. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed Rho(D) immune globulin (anti-D IGIV, then WinRho, currently WinRho [Cangene Corp., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada]) in 1995, for the treatment of ITP in D+, nonsplenectomized children with acute ITP and children and adults with ITP secondary to HIV infection. In 1997, Scaradavou reported on the successful results of treating 261 D+ ITP patients with WinRho. The mean hemoglobin (Hb) decrease was 0.8 g/dL (SD1.5) 7 days after the first treatment. No patient required a RBC transfusion. Twentynine (16%) had Hb decreases of greater than 2.1 g/dL (10 of these had received multiple infusions with a total dose of greater than 60 mg/kg in the first week). No acute hemolysis was noted. As clinical use widened, a few reports appeared of a more severe hemolytic anemia than expected in some patients. For instance, Barbolla and coworkers described a patient who received IV anti-D (15 mg/kg body weight) for 3 consecutive days. After the third dose, on the 14th day, the Hb level decreased from 15.4 to 7.2 g/dL, with a reticulocyte count of 12%, and many erythroblasts were noted on the blood film. The bilirubin level was only 1.9 mg/dL and no hemoglobinemia/hemoglobinuria was mentioned. The authors calculated that the dose of IV anti-D (3000 mg) would have been enough to destroy a maximum of 300 mL of D+ RBCs, but it was estimated the patient had destroyed 1600 mL of RBCs. Seven cases of acute onset hemoglobinuria were reported to the manufacturer of WinRho. In 2000 Gaines (from the FDA) reported that since 1999 the FDA had reviewed 15 reports of hemoglobinemia and/or hemoglobinuria after administration of WinRho, the only FDA-licensed IV anti-D available at that time. Seven of the patients required transfusion; eight patients developed renal problems (two required dialysis). One patient died as a result of the hemolytic anemia. There have been other reports of renal insufficiency after treatment of ITP patients with IV anti-D since the report by Gaines. A very interesting case report was published in 2004 by Rewald and Francischetti where they described an ITP patient treated with IV anti-D minidoses for 8 years (4-5.5 mg/kg body weight with intervals of 10-20 days). For 8 years the treatment was uneventful (Hb remained approx. 8 g/dL). The patient then had marked hemoglobinuria each time after receiving anti-D. This continued for 6 months. Changing the lots/brand of anti-D did not prevent the continuing reactions. No renal problems developed. Treatment with anti-D was stopped, and except for occasional transfusions to treat the continuing pancytopenia, the patient kept stable for the 18 months before the report was published. Mechanisms for the acute hemolysis could not be explained. Three widely different frequency estimates for acute hemolysis with hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria were calculated: clinical studies of 528 ITP-treated patients contained no reports; the original clinical trial found 2 in 137 patients (1 in 69); and FDA data (1995-1998) yielded 13 cases in 14,500 treated patients (0.1%, or 1 in 1145 incidence). In 2005, Gaines added to the problems encountered by reporting on patients who received IV anti-D for treatment of ITP and developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in addition to acute hemolytic anemia. The FDA received six reports of DIC, through November 30, 2004, five of which involved fatalities. TRANSFUSION 2009;49:1026-1031.


Economic characteristics investigation of tree peony plants(Paeonia ostii) were carried out in Bozhou(Anhui province),Shaoyang(Hunan province),and Dianjiang(Chongqing). Seed oil was extracted and fatty acid composition was analyzed at the same time. Results showed that:Seed yield per plant of the paeonia ostii plants in Bozhou,Shaoyang and Dianjiang was 16.20 g,7.22 g,and 4.11 g,respectively. Seed number per plant of the paeonia ostii plants in Bozhou,Shaoyang and Dianjiang was 90.83,24.36 and 1.18,respectively. Fruits number per plant of the paeonia ostii plants in Bozhou, Shaoyang and Dianjiang was 3.67,0.81,and 1.18,respectively. Seed yield has obvious positive correlations with seed number,fruit number,1 000 grain weight and seed size. At the same time,1 000 grain weight has obvious positive correlations with the seed size. In total,10 fatty acid components were detected by gas chromatograph(GC) in the seed oil. The content of unsaturated fatty acid was 92.65%~92.92%. The main compositions of the seed oil were:linolenic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,palmitic acid,and stearic acid. Linolenic acid(42.78%) was the highest,followed by linoleic acid(26.50%),oleic acid(22.97%),palmitic acid(5.11%),and stearic acid(1.90%). There were not significant differences among the main content of five fatty acids in the seed oil from different area samples.


In many areas of the United Kingdom, tonsillectomy in adults is as common as in children. However, little is known about the immediate postoperative disability and the longer term benefits from surgery in this group. The object of this study was to assess these factors in adults undergoing tonsillectomy for recurrent sore throats.

One hundred and ten adults who had undergone tonsillectomy as an inpatient at least 6 months previously were sent a questionnaire. Sixty-seven (61%) responded. Seventy per cent were women and the median age was 25 years (range 14–48). The median time ill was 5.5 days (range 0–28). It took 7 days (range 0–56) to return to normal activities. Those who were employed returned to work after 15 days (range 0–63).

Benefit from tonsillectomy was assessed by the Glasgow Health Benefit Inventory, a questionnaire designed to assess benefit from health care interventions. Adult tonsillectomy patients reported a mean benefit of 29 ( SD 22). This compares with a parent report of benefit in children undergoing tonsillectomy of 43 ( SD 7), surgery to improve hearing in adults of 17 ( SD 5) and surgery for active chronic otitis media in adults of 8 ( SD 5).

On average, adult tonsillectomy is thus a highly beneficial operation but the range of benefit is large. Data is now available for preoperative advice as to the speed of postoperative recovery.


Fuzzy logic which processes logical thought based on surrounding fuzzy information, aims to deal with fuzzy information by membership function and serial parallel regulation. By using the concept of membership function in fuzzy mathematics theory to equivalent the interference cancellation factor of each user as a membership function and with the Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR) used as a element in this universe, this paper proposes fuzzy parallel interference cancellation based on estimated signal-to-interference ratio (SIF-PIC).


A thin-film transistor (TFT) with a polycrystalline Si/SiC hetero-structure channel layer has been proposed. For the conventional polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) channel layer, the leakage current would be considerably increased with increase of the negative gate bias voltage. However, when a polycrystalline Si/SiC stacked channel layer is employed, the leakage current exhibits just a slight increase with increase of the negative gate bias voltage. As a result, the leakage current can be largely suppressed to a low level without degrading the on-state current. Moreover, when the channel length is further scaled down to 1 µm and the gate oxide is reduced to 60 nm thickness, the conventional poly-Si TFT device shows even more obvious deterioration of the leakage current. Instead, for the TFT device with a polycrystalline Si/SiC channel layer, no considerable degradation of the leakage characteristics is caused.


THE accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac may proceed unnoticed until the onset of cardiac tamponade. The seriousness of this complication is such that prompt decompression should follow its recognition


Rapid increase of population increases the freshwater demand. Domestic wastewater production increases worldwide. All over the world disposal of treated domestic wastewater into natural water bodies leads to degradation of aquatic life. Treated domestic wastewater could be considered as new water resources in many sectors such as agriculture. Wastewater may contain several harmful pathogens, heavy metals and other chemical species. Therefore, systematic monitoring of treated domestic wastewater is required before applying it for agricultural use. In this study, an initiative has been taken to characterize the treated domestic wastewater for its reuse in agricultural purpose. The characterized values (pH, BOD, DO, turbidity, alkalinity, hardness, residual chlorine, TDS, TSS, COD, total nitrogen, nitrate, sulfate, fluoride, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, As, Hg, Al, Na, SAR, Fe and K) were then compared with national (IS: 2490, 1981) and international (FAO, 1994) standards. It has been found that potassium (4.38 mg/l) does not fulfill the minimum requirement (5 mg/l) for agricultural use as per the international standard (FAO, 1994). Considering the reuse of this effluent for agriculture, it would be necessary to upgrade its characteristics to make the reuse sustainable and beneficial. To maintain the required nutrient within specified range, powder form of dried seed of Moringa oleifera (MO) was added into treated domestic wastewater. It was found that MO has great potential to fulfill the nutritional demand of treated domestic wastewater for agricultural use. In this study experimental optimization was done using DOE. Dissolution kinetics was also performed to know the factors affecting dissolution process of MO seed powder. It was found that the dissolution kinetics follow diffusion controlled shrinking core model (R2 =0.977) having 91.63 kJ/ mol of activation energy. It is an innovative study to use ecofriendly natural material to fulfill the chemical requirement of treated domestic wastewater for the agricultural purpose. This study is very much useful to make its reuse safe, minimizing fresh water demand and provide economical wastewater treatment technology.


The SSC performance may be greatly enhanced if the SSC beam emittance could be reduced after acceleration. Lower emittances can be achieved by electron cooling system design as well as the MEB modifications required to accommodate this system. The technology needed for electron cooling of 12 GeV/c proton beams, namely a 6 MeV, 2A, 4.5 mm radius electron beam with a transverse (2D) temperature of 0.06 eV and 99.99% energy recovery efficiency, is not yet available. Consequently, a prototype is being designed and built by the MEBEC collaboration at the National Electrostatics Corporation. The current status of the prototype electron beam recirculation system will also be discussed in this paper.


The efficacy of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide has been recognized for the treatment of macular edema due to diabetic retinopathy,uveitis,exudative age-related macular degeneration and retinal vein occlusion,for the treatment of chronic low intraocular pressure.The tendency of clinic application of triamcinolone acetonide is more and more popular.The therapeutic effect of triamcinolone acetonide has been confirmed.Meanwhile,side-effects and complications of triamcinolone acetonide that have been reported such as secondary glaucoma,complicated cataract,endophthalmitis,retinal detachment,vitreous hemorrhage and that has not been reported yet should be considered seriously by ophthalmologists.


A new and very small European species of terrestrial enchytraeids is described, Enchytronia pygmaea sp. nov. (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta). It differs from all enchytraeids known so far in the chaetal pattern: lateral bundles have 2 chaetae from segment II to V, 0 from segment VI to XII–XV, and only 1 chaeta in lateral postclitellar bundles; ventral bundles have 2 chaetae. A further peculiarity is the presence of only 1 pair of preclitellar nephridia. The species must be considered as widespread as it is recorded here from 17 different localities distributed over seven European countries ranging from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean zone.


In adults, prolonged deficiency of vitamin D (calciferol) can lead to osteomalacia, while lesser deficiency (insufficiency) is associated with various non-specific symptoms.1 Both vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are becoming more common in developed countries.1 In the UK, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in all adults is around 14.5%,2 and may be more than 30% in those over 65 years old3,4 and as high as 94% in otherwise healthy south Asian adults.5,6 By comparison, the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in adults may be as high as 55%,2 and the condition is even more common in patients with osteoporotic fractures.7,8 Recently, we discussed the management of children with primary vitamin D deficiency.1 Here we review the management of adults with the condition.


Non-proportionality between energy deposition and scintillation light production in a scintillator and transport of scintillation photons in the detector have been introduced in a Geant4-based simulation code. Simulation and experimental results were compared for samples of LSO detectors: absolute detector efficiency and energy resolution obtained from simulation are consistent with the experimental data. We also studied the average path length of scintillation photons in the detector and its contribution to the time resolution.


AbstractMultiobjective water resources systems require long-term operational plans that consider vulnerability to failure under nonstationary conditions due to climate change. The paper presents a ...


In this paper, decentralized motion planning and scheduling of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) in a flexible manufacturing system is proposed. A motion planner is combined with a scheduler allowing each AGV to update its destination resource during navigation in order to complete the transported product. The proposed strategy is based on two steps. The first step consists in planning a presumed trajectory to avoid collision conflicts previously detected by a central supervisor, enabling more appropriate decentralized scheduling by AGVs. The presumed trajectories, which represent the intentions of AGVs, are then exchanged with neighboring AGVs. The second step uses the presumed trajectories of neighbors to compute a collision-free trajectory according to the priority policy. Numerical and experimental results are provided to show the pertinence and the feasibility of the proposed strategy.


A silo bag study and research knowledge of bunker silo studies done in Southern Wisconsin is the basis of this paper. The objectives of the silo bag study were to measure densities and losses in bag silos made at three research farms and to determine potential factors affecting both. The primary bagging machines were an 8-ft Ag Bag model G6000, a 9-ft Kelly Ryan model DLX shared by two stations, and a rented 9-ft Ag Bag machine. All loads of forage entering the bags were weighed and sampled. At emptying, all silage removed (both good and spoiled) was weighed and sampled. Across 47 bags, dry matter (DM) density ranged from 10 to 16.9 lb/ft. At all three farms and across crops, DM density increased linearly with DM concentration except with the Kelly Ryan in corn silage where density was constant. Kernel processing appeared to reduce density in corn silage. The bagging machine, operator, and crop also affected average DM densities. Within bags, density was highly variable. Densities at the top and sides were approximately 40% of densities at the bottom, center of the bag. Losses of DM were measured on 24 bag silos and were highly variable (0 to 40%). However, except for six bags with considerable spoilage loss, total losses averaged 11%. Significant spoilage losses were essentially confined to crops ensiled above 40 % DM. Spoilage was also worse in bags fed out in summer. Gaseous and seepage losses were higher at low DM contents and by feeding out at low rates (8 in/d). While more research is needed to study bagging machines with different systems of filling, the current study suggests that pressed bag silos can do an excellent job of preserving a crop provided: 1) crops are ensiled between 30 and 40 % DM, 2) the bagging machine is set up properly to obtain a smooth bag of high density, 3) feedout rates are a minimum of 8 to 15 in/d, and 4) the farmer routinely monitors for and repairs punctures in the bags. A survey of 168 bunker silos in the Midwest showed an average density of 14.8 lbDM/ft for haylage, slightly above recommendations. Bunker density dictates DM loss and silo capacity. Factors influencing density of bunker silos are: packing time, weight of packing tractor, thickness of layers, and number of packing tractors. See website http://www.uwex.edu/ces/crops/uwforage/storage.htm to calculate factors needed to reach desired DM density in bunker silos.


The particle physics group at the John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC) is concerned with quantum field theories, in particular with their non-perturbative aspects. Here we describe recent efforts of the group to develop and consolidate methods and concepts to reach the goal to understand non-perturbative phenomena in quantum field theories and to calculate observables with a high precision.


The study of North American Indian languages has been shaped by several circumstances. Since its beginning, most research has been based in fieldwork: Data have come from direct contact with speakers, usually in their own cultural settings, rather than from secondary sources. Although the number of languages indigenous to North America is large, several hundred, the number of scholars working with most of them has been relatively small, often only one or two individuals per language. A center of scholarly interaction has thus been the community of those studying languages all over the Americas, languages that are quite diverse genetically and typologically. These factors, the grounding in fieldwork and the composition of the scholarly community, have affected the kinds of work undertaken, the theoretical issues addressed, the nature of the explanations sought, and the applications made. The field is in many ways highly anthropological: strongly contextualized linguistically, culturally, and typologically. The researcher who works directly with speakers of a little-documented language needs basic proficiency in all areas of linguistic structure. It is seldom possible to achieve insights about syntax, for example, without sufficient phonetic skill to hear accurately, sufficient understanding of phonology to construct a usable transcription, and sufficient knowledge of morphology to be aware of the grammatical functions signaled within words. The importance of broad competence has shaped the kinds of description and explanation that have come out of the field. Structures are usually considered in the context of other structures in the language rather than in isolation.


The photoabsorption spectrum of doubly ionized manganese in the 45–75 eV photon energy range, where inner-shell 3p–3d and 3p–4s (and higher 3p–nl) transitions are induced, has been measured using a dual laser plasma technique. It compares favourably with the theoretical cross-section profile of Dolmatov (1996 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29 L687) and confirms his prediction that, between Mn+ and Mn2+, not only do the 3p–4s resonances swap over to the high energy side of the giant 3p–3d resonance but also that this reordering has significant effects on resonance profiles in doubly ionized manganese.


Impact of feeding three levels of beet pulp (0, 10, 20%, DM basis) with either dry-rolled corn (DRC) or steamflaked corn (SFC) in feedlot rations was evaluated. Final BW, DMI, and ADG decreased linearly as beet pulp replaced corn in the diet. Beet pulp linearly decreased HCW, 12th rib fat, and yield grade. Corn processing had no impact on carcass characteristics. Feeding SFC improved F:G, compared to feeding DRC. The inclusion of beet pulp in the diet did not impact F:G, however, because of the decrease of both DMI and ADG.


Abstract: Modal parameters extraction is considered essential in the development process of a new aircraft. In the case of helicopters where reasonable modal parameters can be obtained in laboratory tests with a classic impact testing approach, it is also important to know what happens to these parameters under operating conditions. Operating conditions mean, among other things, the possibility to take into account the correct modal contribution of the rotor, that can affect significantly the helicopter dynamics.


Brivaracetam is an analogue of levetiracetam that is Food and Drug Administration–approved for adjunctive treatment of partial‐onset seizures in patients 16 years and older. In placebo‐controlled trials adjunct brivaracetam demonstrated efficacy in reducing the frequency of seizures. The most commonly reported adverse effects are somnolence, dizziness, and fatigue. Clinical trials have evaluated brivaracetam for safety and efficacy in adjunctive treatment of partial‐onset seizures in patients 16 years and older for up to 16 weeks. Brivaracetam's mechanism is similar to that of levetiracetam but with greater receptor binding affinity on synaptic vesicle protein 2A and inhibitory effects on sodium channels. Clinically significant differences between these agents are undetermined. Brivaracetam is available as oral tablets, oral solution, and intravenous solution. The Food and Drug Administration–approved dose is 50 mg twice daily, and titration is not required. Brivaracetam does not need dose adjustment for renal impairment and has minimal drug‐drug interactions. Current limitations of brivaracetam include lack of head‐to‐head trials, limited long‐term safety and efficacy data, and cost. Overall, brivaracetam is a viable adjunct therapeutic option for refractory partial‐onset seizures in those who have failed conventional therapies.


Through the comparison between the ISO standard and the GB standard,this paper discussed that the approximate nember of report value was judged with its absolute error.


Regional development banks (RDB) have become increasingly important in the world economy, but have also been relatively under-researched to date. This timely volume addresses this lack of attention by providing a comprehensive, comparative, and empirically informed analysis of their origins, evolution, and contemporary role in the world economy through to the second decade of the twenty-first century. The editors provide an analytical framework that includes a revised categorization of RDB by geographic operation and function. In part one, the chapter authors offer detailed analyses of the origins, evolution, and contemporary role of the major RDB, including the Inter-American Development Bank, the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the European Investment Bank, the Central American Bank, the Andean Development Corporation, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. In part two, the authors engage in comparative analyses of key topics on RDB, examining their initial design and their changing business models, their shifting role in promoting policies supported by the United States as hegemon and the private sector. The volume ends with a critical reflection on the role played by RDB to date and a strong defence of the need for these banks in an increasingly complex world economy.


WLCSP has been widely adopted for package solution of the portable and wearable electronics products by its advantages of very low package cost and good electrical performance. Knowing WLCSP provide almost no protection to silicon IC chip, its quality and reliability performance becomes critical for successful product application. A 28nm TV with extreme Low-k inter-metal-dielectic material (ELK IMD) and 4x4mm2 chip size was used for WLCSP production quality investigation by studying the impact of laser grooving, used in WLCSP process, on silicon crack resistance. Four different laser grooving splits DOE were performed including different power, speed and frequency. A hammer test by 2-meter height singlereel drop and 3-point bending test were conducted to assess the silicon crack resistance performance of each split. The test results showed the split with low laser power and low unit length area power density achieved higher die strength by higher 3- point bending force and higher silicon crack resistance by more single-reel-drop counts without silicon chipping defect. Moreover, tape-and-reel (TnR) pocket design impact on WLCSP silicon crack defect also was evaluated. With small chip-pocket tolerance design,


PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM by JOHN WILLIAM KERRY (Under the Direction of Jim Leebens-Mack) ABSTRACT Papaver somniferum is an annual plant which produces economically important medicinal alkaloids, oils, and seeds. The morphine biosynthesis pathway in P. somniferum has been characterized but a system-wide analysis of transcriptional modules that regulate the concentration of alkaloids within the plant has not yet been performed. In this study we use weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of a de novo assembly of 5 tissues of P. somniferum. We use differentially expressed transcripts to build a weighted gene co-expression network using the WGCNA bioconductor package. Finally we analyze those modules which correlate well with LC-MS/MS generated metabolite concentration values.


The process technique of ultrasonic assisted ethanol extraction for white pepper oleoresin with white pepper powder as raw materials was studied.The affects of ethanol concentration,extraction temperature,extraction time,ratio of solid to liquid to extraction yield were investigated.The experimental results showed that the yield of white pepper oleoresin can reach to 10.28% by using 90%(v/v)ethanol as extracting medium,the ratio of solid to liquid(g/mL)is 1:8,ultrasonic extraction time is 60 mins under 55℃.


The invention relates to a surfacing reconstructed layer of a large hot-rolled supporting roll Cr4 and a method for repairing a roll. The surfacing reconstructed layer is prepared by surfacing prepared flux-cored wires of a bottoming layer, a transitional layer and a working layer on the surface of a base body of the roll layer by layer, and the bottoming layer, the transitional layer and the working layer are sequentially arranged in a surfacing manner from the surface of the base body to the outside. The method comprises the following specific steps: roll preparation, preparation of the flux-cored wires, roll preheating, preparation before welding, sequential surfacing of the bottoming layer, the transitional layer and the working layer, intermediate heat treatment, final heat treatment, machining, examining and shipment. The method is suitable for repairing large and ultra-large hot-rolled supporting rolls, and the service lives of the repaired rolls are close to and even equal to the service lives of new rolls. The cost-performance ratio of the reconstructed layer is high, base body bonding strength, high-temperature resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance are excellent, and the using performance of the roll can be improved. The surfacing reconstructed layer of the large hot-rolled supporting roll Cr4 and the method for repairing the roll conform to a green manufacturing technology of national circular economy and a stainable development strategy, and have a wide application prospect and an economic benefit.


The paper focuses on the investigation of the potential environmental impact related to the production of several types of bituminous mixtures containing different dosages of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and Rejuvenator (Rej). All materials used in the presented study are specific and generally used for pavements in Romania. The RAP material was considered as an inert material and it was used in three dosages (25%, 50% and 75%). For the bituminous mixture produced with 50% RAP material, a rejuvenator consisting in a mixture of vegetal oils was used in three dosages of 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% by mass of RAP material. A total of seven types of bituminous mixtures were considered including one 'conventional' mixture produced with virgin materials and used as reference. The Environmental Impact Assessment was estimated for the production process of the analysed bituminous mixtures, by using Eco-indicator 99 method within SimaPro software. The results prove that the addition of RAP material leads to a net decrease of the energy use and environmental impact. Besides, when rejuvenators are used in this process, they can affect the energy balance and reduce the difference in environmental impact.


Structure and variability of the fronts along the sections from Zhongshan Station to Fremantle, Australia in the South Indian Ocean are analyzed with XBT/XCTD data and CTD data obtained by CHINARE in 1998,1999,2000 and 2002. (1) The Antarctic Slope Front at 75°~78°E is bordered between 64.5° and 65.5°S, the Polar Front at 84°~100°E varies closed to 53.5°~54.3°S,the Subtropical Front at 96°~103°E varies between 46°~47.0°S, the Subtropical Front at 110°E is located on 37.2~38.0°S; (2) in the Polar Front Zone, the isolines fluctuate strongly in temperature and salinity sections and are effected possibly by eddies; (3) north to the Subantarctic Front, the distribution of temperature salinity is homogenous in vertical direction; (4) the Polar Front retreats about one degree southward in latitude in recent four years, compared with that in 1979,1991 and 1992 in the same area and season.


Abstract : The aim of this project was to investigate features of binary images by considering a special case of the Image Algebra methodology obtained by representing digitized images (both monochrome and colored) by certain polynomials in two variables with coefficients from the binary field. Since polynomials can be easily manipulated and our proposed operators can be described conveniently in terms of algebraic operations on these polynomials, this approach provides a significant foundation for practical applications which would be of significant interest to AFOSR. Our specific objectives have been as follows. We have developed algebraic operators in the context of the polynomial approach to determine the contour, magnification and shrinking, and a sequence of approximations (from finer to coarser) of a binary image. Further, we have extended our techniques to process gray images and do operations such as template decomposition, shape decomposition, connected component labelling. Also, we have developed an algebraic system to process colored images. Also, we have developed some fast sequential and parallel thinning algorithms. We have also extended the polynomial approach to three dimensional by developing equivalents of the standard morphological operations and applying these to do a number of operations for the understanding of three dimensional objects.


The paper aims to explain how input influences explicit knowledge, how input influences implicit knowledge, and if input can transform explicit knowledge into implicit knowledge. The researchers will discuss the stated problems and issues in the form of document analysis wherein the researchers gather data from other journal articles studied previously. The researchers will summarize, analyze and generalize the ideas of previous studies in order to answer the research questions. With the studies of Krashen's input hypothesis and Long's interaction hypothesis, they claimed that Input does influence implicit knowledge as if input is understood by the learners and if the input is enough to be provided to learners, grammar rules that are necessary and essential for language acquisition is granted automatically. Thus, language acquisition through comprehensible input develops the implicit knowledge. Some implications and recommendations are offered.


The quality of the crushed stone products used in the asphalt mixtures in Hungary does not meet some of the requirements. The influence of these quality defects, their effect on the fatigue strength, on the duration can vary.


We are still in an extended period of economic turbulence, writes author and veteran business advisor Jim Edwards. And there is no new evidence that things are changing for the better. The U.S. gross domestic product fell by 2.9% during the first quarter of 2014. That is not a good signal for business cash inflows. And it possibly forecasts a gap in cash receipts from customers in the near term. So what strategy should treasurers adopt to manage the cash flow gap?


An important task in the processing of different types of data is to identify different internal patterns in these data, allowing you to identify hidden objects and areas, as well as to evaluate the parameters of these areas. To solve this problem, we propose to use deep Gaussian processes that make it possible to describe non-stationary multidimensional signals. Combining a sequence of deep Gaussian processes with Markov random fields makes it possible to describe multidimensional signals using the correlation relationships of a sequence element with its vicinity. The paper formulates the necessary mathematical apparatus for describing mixtures of correlated deep Gaussian models. To identify the parameters of such constructions it is proposed to use a modification of the Stochastic Expectation Maximization (SEM) algorithm. The necessary relations for the implementation of this approach are determined and the consistency of the method is shown.


Retrofitting full snakes into accelerators, such as the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS), is almost impossible due to space limitations. But a partial snake that can correct depolarization due to imperfection resonances with 1/20 to 1/30 of a full strength snake seems to present a viable option. Such a device for the AGS is described, and design criteria are given in terms of simplicity of accelerator operation and level of achievable polarization.<<ETX>>


Abstract : Dental health significantly affects operational readiness of the Army Reserve Component (ARC). Dental Class III soldiers are considered non-deployable. Army regulations require that all soldiers have an annual dental examination and that 95% of soldiers are dentally ready (Class I or II). After deployment, soldiers must be dental Class I or II within120 days. No effective mechanism exists to assess and track oral health and medical health issues related to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors of the ARC, much less to educate and motivate soldiers to improve their oral health especially as it relates to cardiovascular risk. Specific Aims: 1. Assess oral health and cardiovascular risk in a population of ARC soldiers and provide ARC soldiers with a Personal Empowerment Package (PEP) to motivate the adoption of healthy lifestyle choices, specifically to motivate soldiers regarding dental readiness. 2. Determine the ability of PEP to educate and motivate soldiers regarding dental readiness, increase healthy behaviors, and improve dental readiness. 3. Validate the utility of PEP to track medical and dental issues (including immunization record) in the ARC population. 4. Evaluate the feasibility of an Automated Personal Guidance System (APGS) to communicate with and motivate soldiers and educate soldiers regarding dental care. Relevance: Poor dental readiness is the leading cause of non-deployability for ARC soldiers. A PEP tool can help capture and track relevant oral and medical health issues and with coaching can educate, motivate, ndd assist soldiers to seek preventive care and improve force health with a comprehensive focus.


Salt tolerance of 14 tomato(Lycopersicon exculentum Mill.)genotypes at seed germination stage and seedling growth stage were evaluated in this experiment.During germination stage,clustering analysis was conducted on relative germination trend and relative germination percentage of tomato seed,and 14 tomato genotypes were divided into two groups.The first group of 5 tomato genotypes held high tolerance to salt stress,while the other 9 were moderate tolerant.During seedling growth period,clustering analysis was conducted on salt stress for five indicators including salt injury index,relative electric conductivity of leaf,relative stem diameter,relative dry weight of stem and leaf,relative dry weight of root.Among the 14 tomato genotypes,4 had strong salt-tolerance and 10 had weak salt-tolerance.The results showed the salt-tolerance of two tomato growth stages(seed germination stage and seedling growth stage)were not exactly coherence.


Fairly high yields of α-polyfluoroalkyl ketones(aldehydes) formed in the reactions of enamines with polyfluoroalkyl iodides were characterized by UV,IR,MS,1 ̄H NMR, ̄(19)F NMR and elemental analysis,The electron transfer in nature of these reactions was proved by spin trapping and inhibition experiments.The addition of catalytic amounts of SmI_2 has significantly shortened the reaction time and increased the yields of α-polyfluoroalkyl ketones.


UML is a visual popular visual language for the object-oriented modeling of complex system.Although various structural and behavioral aspects of Web system under development can be modeled with UML,Web layout can not be modeled yet.Therefore,designers can only create sketches for Web layout,causing inconvenience for designers.Web layout metamodel based on UML2.0 extending mechanism and diagram interchange specification can solve the problem efficiently,making possible to unify Web layout with UML language and UML modeling tool and to generate prototypical Web user interface.


In the perspective of administrative law, the existence of a state agency BPK is a manifestation of the existence of another form of power from state power, namely the power of supervision of state finances or power of inspection. In carrying out its duties and authorities to examine the management and responsibilities of state finances, BPK is often faced with problems that are closely related to the dynamics of law and legislation. Authority disputes, overlapping regulations, to technical matters related to inspection procedures are examples of some of these problems. Problems that have been and will continue to exist along with development developments that demand the birth of new legal dynamics that are increasingly complex. To the development of administrative law. Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration which applies to all government functions contained in Ministries and Institutions has juridical consequences from this to the implementation of government administration contained in BPK, thus regarding the delegation of authority from BPK to BPK Implementers must be clearly regulated in BPK's legal products.


Recently it was discovered that the perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) detected in wildlife, such as fish‐eating birds, had a greater proportion of linear PFOS (L‐PFOS) than the manufactured technical product (T‐PFOS), which contains linear and branched isomers. This suggests toxicological studies based on T‐PFOS data may inaccurately assess exposure risk to wildlife. To determine whether PFOS effects were influenced by isomer content, we compared the transcriptional profiles of cultured chicken embryonic hepatocytes (CEH) exposed to either L‐PFOS or T‐PFOS using Agilent microarrays. At equal concentrations (10 µM), T‐PFOS altered the expression of more transcripts (340, >1.5‐fold change, p < 0.05) compared with L‐PFOS (130 transcripts). Higher concentrations of L‐PFOS (40 µM) were also less transcriptionally disruptive (217 transcripts) than T‐PFOS at 10 µM. Functional analysis showed that L‐PFOS and T‐PFOS affected genes involved in lipid metabolism, hepatic system development, and cellular growth and proliferation. Pathway and interactome analysis suggested that genes may be affected through the RXR receptor, oxidative stress response, TP53 signaling, MYC signaling, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, and PPARγ and SREBP receptors. In all functional categories and pathways examined, the response elicited by T‐PFOS was greater than that of L‐PFOS. These data show that T‐PFOS elicits a greater transcriptional response in CEH than L‐PFOS alone and demonstrates the importance of considering the isomer‐specific toxicological properties of PFOS when assessing exposure risk. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2846–2859. © 2011 SETAC


Eutropiichthys vacha (Batchwa vacha) is a freshwater catfish species having high economic value. It is a very popular table fish among the consumers due to high nutritional value and taste. Just recently small specimens of this species have also made their entry in ornamental fish markets. Recently due to number of reasons, populations of this fish species are facing the threat of extinction. It has already been documented as Endangered in India and Critically Endangered in Bangladesh. The present report has been prepared to summarize the information available on different aspects of this threatened fish species as well as to point out the possible measures that should be considered for its conservation.


A Shared Founder Mutation Underlies Restrictive Dermopathy in Old Colony (Dutch-German) Mennonite and Hutterite Patients in North America Catrina Loucks, Jillian S. Parboosingh, Jessica X. Chong, Carole Ober, Victoria M. Siu, Robert A. Hegele, C. Anthony Rupar, D. Ross McLeod, Alfredo Pinto, Albert E. Chudley, and A. Micheil Innes* Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children's Hospital and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Department of Paediatrics and Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Robarts Research Institute and Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Program in Genetic and Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health and Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada


This paper describes a high quality voice activity detection using wavelet energy entropy. In this algorithm, the partitioning of the speech band into sub-bands is performed via a bank of the adaptive band-partitioning filters whose coefficients are derived from a wavelet tree structure. The adaptive band-partitioning models have been proposed to perform endpoint detections of isolated digit utterances spoken in the Language. We use the wavelet energy entropy to analyze each sub-band of speech signal. The results of the proposed algorithm on adaptive band-partitioning of signals and noise regions show a good performance of this method.


Videoendoscopy has truly enlarged the scope of diagnostic and therapeutic gastroenterology. However, videoendoscopic examinations are limited to the mucosal surface. Endoscopic ultrasound allows the endoscopist a view beyond the intestinal wall which opens the door to a variety of new gastroenterologic techniques. The evaluation of plain images in combination with contrast-enhanced imags has been found to be helpful when applied to CT and MRI. A similar advantage may be found for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) studies. The efficacy of EUS with and without contrast enhancement is critically reviewed.


As a new type-insurance,real estate insurance is still immature and not perfect in China.The paper analyzes the development situation of real estate insurance in China,and summaries the development status of overseas real estate insurance,so as to gain useful implication.Finally,gives several suggestions on the development of real estate insurance in China.


Objective: The examination of 150 children aged from 5 to 17 years with OAB included voiding diary, calendar of urinary incontinence, urinalysis for Zimnitsky, uroflowmetry with residual urine determination, and kidney and bladder ultrasound. The observation was conducted over 3 months. In 60 children, we revealed the prevalence of nocturnal urine. We initially divided the patients into groups according to the severity of nocturia based on daily urine output. Group I consisted of twenty children with night diuresis at the level of 40-49% of the daily rate; Group II fifteen children with 50-59%; and Group III five children with over 60%. Furthermore, we determined the relative importance of nocturnal urine osmolality in children. When comparing these groups and the level of urine osmolality, we obtained a direct, though weak, correlation (r = 0.45; p > 0.05).


Genetic diversity analysis of 12 clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) genotypes were carried out using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The 19 RAPD primers amplified a total of 212 bands, out of which 151 were polymorphic. The size of amplified DNA fragment varied from 146 to 2995 bp. The polymorphic bands varied from 22.22 percent in OPA-11 to 88.88 percent in OPA-12. Dendrogram based Jaccard's similarity coefficient grouped the 12 genotypes into four major clusters encompassing five subclusters. The first cluster comprised three subclusters with subcluster A1 contained three genotypes viz; GG-2, HG-75 and HG-365. Subcluster B1 had only one genotype GG-1 while, subcluster C1 contained two genotypes viz; RGC-471 and HVG-2-30. Cluster 2 entailed two subclusters viz; B1 and B2 having two genotypes each namely PRT-15 and GAUG-0013 grouped in subcluster B1 and FS-277 and PNB in subcluster B2. The third and fourth cluster contained single genotype GAUG-0522 and GAUG-9404, respectively. The similarity index values ranged from 0.52 to 0.87 indicating the presence of enormous genetic diversity at molecular level. Therefore, RAPD analysis could be used as tool for detecting genetic diversity and can be precisely used for grouping and selection of diverse parents. GG-2, HG-75 and HG-365 (Sub group A1) and GAUG-0522 (Group C) may be utilized for breeding good genotypes with high yield and resistance to bacterial blight in clusterbean.


This article discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the bibliographic coverage of the Indian National Bibliography, with its multiplicity of languages and scripts, and compares INB with a number of prominent bibliographies around the world. The Indian National Bibliography is affected with the disease of sluggishness in publication and incomplete coverage. The author describes the application of ICT and the level of success that INB has achieved with regard to its timeliness and comprehensiveness. The publication's workflow uses a customized version of the library system Libsys, version IV, with transliteration using diacritical marks and GIST (Graphics and Intelligence based Script Technology) to overcome language problems. The Central Reference Library, Kolkata, which compiles the bibliography, is currently working towards implementation of UNICODE and discarding GIST to facilitate international cooperation and data exchange. The author examines a number of aspects of the bibliography's production, with special emphasis on remedial measures to be followed to improve currency and coverage.


This specification updates [RFC5545] by defining a new repeating set
of events known as a series. This differs from recurrences in that
each instance is a separate entity with a parent relationship to a
specified template entity.


The Colquiri tin mine, Bolivia, is at an elevation of 4200 meters in the central Andean Cordillera, southeast of La Paz, Bolivia. Mineralization followed steeply dipping normal faults of the gravity type. Cassiterite occurs in a gangue of fluorite, massive simple sulfides, siderite, and serpentine. Deposition occurred at moderate depth, and the deposit may be classified as lower intensity hypothermal.


A theoretical approach is presented of an organisational justice framework that may provide an enriched perspective to examine strategic change, enhancing the understanding, design, implementation, and effectiveness of strategic change initiatives. The organisational justice framework provides an understanding of employees' perceptions on trust and fairness during an organisational strategic change process in the context of the justice approach, although perceived fairness has been seen as playing an important role in the process of sustaining trust in the organisation. The study demonstrates the importance of analysis of the response to strategic change by employees, the impact on organisational trust, and the influence of the fairness judgment.


The northernmost area in Jakarta is experiencing fast-growing urbanization where the ground height is mostly lower than the sea level and threatened by a substantial land subsidence rate. This growth results in an increment of risk of urban flooding and threatens the increase of sea-level rise. Cost-effectiveness is crucial for monitoring this fast-changing subsidence to identify critical investigation and planning factors to mitigate this. Analyzing land deformation with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) analysis using two main categories of backscatter: Persistent Scatterers (PS) and Distributed Scatterers (DS) is powerful to estimate the land subsidence with high-precision and high-frequency with free-available Sentinel-1 satellite data, especially for reclaimed land. This paper demonstrates how using PS and DS InSAR technique is substantial for artificial islands in Jakarta's coastal area to monitor land deformation in 2020.


Currently, there are options for training IT specialists in the educational services market. They overwhelmingly do not take into account the student's personal characteristics, as well as the market needs in labors. To solve these problems, the authors have developed software complex SkillsForYou (in the Python programming language), which has a modular structure that allows implementing support for the IT specialists training based on the cycle of automated management of training IT specialists (based on the theory of organizational systems management and consisting of stages of planning, organization, stimulation, control). The SkillsForYou contains a large number of training courses of different complexity in various languages and programming technologies (Java, C#, Python, JavaScript, HTML, CSS, PHP). The complex includes a module for analyzing the personal and psychological learner's qualities, which contains many different psychological tests to assess the quality formation-level necessary for IT specialists, and the specialist team formation to collaborate on projects. The mathematical module on the psychological testing results and the results of calculations using swarm intelligence algorithms determine recommendations for organizing the learning process for each learner. Swarm intelligence algorithms use statistics on the complexity of the problems selected for solving. Problems for training courses are in accordance with the taxonomy of Bloom's training goals, and to assess the problem complexity to solve, the course teacher assigns a cost to the problems. In order to facilitate the search for applicants by HR specialists and employers the software complex stores the education history in the learning courses and the learners' rating.


Background—ACE (kininase II) inhibitors have been shown to exert their beneficial cardiovascular effects via the inhibition of both angiotensin II formation and bradykinin breakdown. Because recent evidence suggests that ACE inhibitors may also interfere with B2 kinin receptor signaling and thus enhance the vascular response to bradykinin, we examined whether the distribution of B2 kinin receptors within the plasma membrane of native endothelial cells is affected by an ACE inhibitor. Methods and Results—Localization of the B2 kinin receptor in membranes prepared from native porcine aortic endothelial cells was evaluated by means of specific [3H]bradykinin binding and immunoprecipitation of the B2 receptor from isolated membranes. Effects of bradykinin and ramiprilat on intracellular signaling were determined by monitoring the activation of the extracellularly regulated kinases Erk1 and Erk2 as well as [Ca2+]i increases in fura 2–loaded endothelial cells. Stimulation of native endothelial cells with bradyk...


A STUDY OF TWO PLAGIOMERUS SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE) PARASITISING DIASPIDID SCALES (COCCOIDEA) IN GLASSHOUSES IN FRANCE. Plagiomerus diaspidis Crawford was imported from Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) and released experimentally as a biological control agent against Diaspis echinocacti (Bouche) (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) within a cactus glasshouse in south-eastern France but it failed to provide control, apparently due to very weak powers of dispersal. A second undescribed Plagiomerus was found in a wet tropical greenhouse in the same region of France and was thought to be a potential biocontrol agent of Diaspididae. It was found to parasitise the three Diaspis species (D. boisduvalii Signoret, D. coccois (Lichtenstein) and D. bromeliae (Kerner)) present in the greenhouse, although it failed to control them. Both parasitoid species reproduced by thelytokous parthenogenesis. Key words: development, Boisduval scale, preferred environments, USA, Mexico, Azerbaidjan, Opuntia, Strelitzia, Calanthe, palm.


Objective:To optimize the conditions for the percolation extraction processes of Xingnaoling granules.Method: The content of total anthraquinones in Rhei Radix et Rhizome and tanshinoneⅡA and the yield of dry ointment were used as indexes to select the optimal extraction processes with single factor test.Result: The optimal percolation extraction conditions are as follows: the medicinal herbs were crushed into coarse grains and soaked by two folds amount of 70% alcohol for 24 hours,collecting 6 folds of percolation fluid at a rate of 3.0 mL·min-1·kg-1.Conclusion: The optimal percolation extraction technology is efficient with high yields,and the results of verification experiment show that the technology is reproducible and stable.


Crowned dens syndrome (CDS) is a rare clinical entity characterized by acute neck pain due to calcification around the odontoid process of the axis in "crown-like" configuration. The disease can cause neurological symptoms, due to spinal cord compression but also it may lead to chronic neck pain or be asymptomatic. We present a case of a 73-year-old patient who, after a fall of a height of approximately 2 m, sustained a cervical spine injury and his clinical examination revealed an incomplete quadriplegia. Surprisingly, the only finding after the diagnostic imaging, including radiographs, CT scan and MRI, was periodontoid calcification, indicative of CDS. After a few days of hospital admission, a full neurological recovery was spontaneously achieved and the patient, after a 6-week use of cervical orthosis, was free of pain. We perform a brief review of the literature to shed light onto this rare clinical entity. J Med Cases. 2015;6(4):167-169 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc1837e


Photoanode materials with optimized particle sizes, excellent surface area and dye loading capability are preferred in good-performance dye sensitized solar cells. Herein, we report on an efficient dye-sensitized mesoporous photoanode of Ti doped zinc oxide (Ti-ZnO) through a facile hydrothermal method. The crystallinity, morphology, surface area, optical and electrochemical properties of the Ti-ZnO were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It was observed that Ti-ZnO nanoparticles with a high surface area of 131.85 m2 g−1 and a controlled band gap, exhibited considerably increased light harvesting efficiency, dye loading capability, and achieved comparable solar cell performance at a typical nanocrystalline ZnO photoanode.


Retailing business is done by any entrepreneur in order to gain profits. But in some cases, the branded products may not give enough profit margins, as the retailer forced to keep these top brands for his business survival. However, to restore or enhance his profit margins, he or she sometimes encourage Store brands which are products developed by a retailer or may be from some small scale manufacturers. Also some retailers may attempt to utilize this measure of exclusivity to differentiate them from the competitor stores in that locality. Hence, those retailers who want to sustain good profit margins may encourage some Store brands help retailers to increase sales which indirectly add to the profit as some store brands are priced 20-30% less than the branded goods. This practice of retailers is not an unethical practice as it is necessary for his store's survival when the branded products are not offering enough profit margins. The researchers of this paper have collected from a consumer survey with 204 respondents by using structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized relationships to analyze the power of word-of-mouth promotion by satisfied consumers.


Single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and multi wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were synthesized by high temperature arc method and CVD. Stable sol was obtained after vapour purification, chemical treatment and macromolecule decoration orderly. The aligned carbon nanotube thin films were deposited as follows:according to the mechanical balance between molecular and carbon nanotube, carbon nanotube molecular layer was formed on the surface of water, and then transferred to the surface of pre treated substrate. Using this method, multi layers can be obtained by means of layer by layer deposition.


Formal mentoring programs are becoming more popular as organizations attempt to reap the benefits that have long been associated with informal mentoring. The present study adds to the small number of mentor-centric studies and offers a unique longitudinal examination of formal mentoring programs. Findings suggest that as formal mentoring relationships develop over time, mentors begin to use their time more efficiently and the negative effects of cross-gender differences dissipate. Furthermore, whereas mentor reports of psychosocial support and role modeling appear to relate to mentor program satisfaction and protégé reports of mentor effectiveness, reports of vocational support appear to have no impact on these variables. Study limitations are discussed, and implications for future research and for practice are suggested.


Cognitive radio is a very promising technology but it poses many challenges for the antenna system design. Apart from bandwidth limitations of small antennas, additional requirements emerge from the goal to replace conventional frequency duplexers by tunable filters and high dynamic range RF front ends. In this paper, we present a systematic design procedure for matching and decoupling multi-port antennas with a focus of achieving the highest possible isolation between antenna ports. An important aspect of the approach is the introduction of pre-matching circuitry between the antenna and the decoupling network. The novelty resides in the wide frequency range over which the decoupling network is applicable in connection with low complexity electrical tuning circuitry.


The Anton Paar Powder Cell was used to measure the torque necessary to rotate an impeller in beds of glass beads, sand and alumina powders aerated between no aeration to the minimum for fluidization. Measured torque values depend on the material tested, on the air flow rate applied, on the impeller depth and on the height of the impeller blade. The effect of the impeller depth is linear for low impeller depth and is less than linear at high depth values. A model was developed for the interpretation of the experimental results based on the idea that the material is shearing on the surface described by the impeller rotation. The model allows to estimate an effectiveness of the impeller in the torque determination and also to predict the torque for the impeller at the at deepest positions at which the wall effects have to be considered. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Abstract Under the current standardized involute gear systems, meshing of gears of different modules is a practical impossibility. However, by performing a fresh reinterpretation of the well-established fundamental meshing principles, a more insightful form for the compatibility equations that govern involute gear tooth generation and meshing can be obtained. This article reports some first non-standard designs based on this analysis that allows gears of different modules to mesh. By the same token, standard gears can be manufactured with non-standard hobs and vice versa. Initial investigation suggests that practical benefits such as increasing the root bending strength without affecting the pitting resistance and the sliding velocity can be achieved that may justify such deviation from standard designs.


The Chinese higher education sector has been undergoing dramatic reforms during recent years. Zhongshan (Sun Yet-Sen) University is one of the leading pioneers in these reforms and the present paper is a review of a seven-year period of change in the University during which a Microbiology course has been remodelled to suit an increasing number of students of diverse educational backgrounds. The main purpose of this paper is to provide the general landscape about what we have been doing, and what we are going to do, and reflecting on some concepts of contemporary teaching strategies. The main content includes a brief introduction to current Chinese higher education reforms, using the Microbiology course in Zhongshan (Sun Yet-Sen) University as an example. The specifics of the paper will focus on student-centred teaching, and the restructure of teaching strategies to suit larger classes, focusing on student-centred learning. A description of this trial will be valuable in providing a window for western colleagues to understand the higher education reforms in Chinese universities, as well as providing an example for Chinese colleagues for reference.


Microindentation hardness testing and its associated methodology continue to be used widely in materials evaluation. The subject matter in this book, however, goes beyond the mere obtaining and interpreting of microindentation hardness numbers. It deals with the use of indentation methods in the study of intrinsic deformation properties, residual stress states, thin-film adhesion, and fracture properties in a variety of materials. The last such collectior of contributions to the general field of microindentation hardness testing in the United States was published more than a decade ago.' Since then, a considerable body of work has improved our understanding of indentation behavior as it relates to fundamental material properties and has extended the range of applications to engineering practice. The symposium from which the content of this book derives was organized as a joint venture between the International Metallographic Society, the American Society for Metals, and ASTM. It was held on 15 and 16 July 1984, in Philadelphia, PA, in conjunction with the 17th annual International Metallographic Society technical meeting. Contributors and attendees at the symposium represented eleven countries in addition to the United States, and their technical interaction provided a forum for discussion of microindentation research and technology. This volume is organized into three sections dealing with fundamentals, testing techniques, and engineering uses of microindentation-based methods for metals, ceramics, and polymers. The reader will find that the classification of papers into the three sections is somewhat arbitrary. Nevertheless, as one proceeds through the book one will note something of a progression from scientific principles to practical applications. The papers in the section on fundamentals question some of the traditional theories of indentation behavior and examine how these theories relate to intrinsic material properties. This section covers metals, ceramics, and polymers. There is an emphasis in many of these papers on a relatively new approach to quantifying microindentation behavior through the use of the load-displacement response of materials. The section on techniques addresses such topics as hardness scale interconversions, measurement methods, errors, standardization, and time and size effects. The third section, on applications, contains six papers which exemplify some of the many engineer-


Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) have a devastating global epidemiological importance since they contribute to the mortality and morbidity in the society with a considerably large extent. After TBI the injured brain tissue tends to swell leading to the increment of the intracranial pressure (ICP) which can cause serious neurological damage and death. Therefore, a main goal of the neurosurgical procedure is the reduction of ICP which is possible via decompressive craniectomy (DC). However, its optimal execution regarding the size and the location of the skull opening is controversial. In this paper the reconstruction of DC is performed by finite element (FE) simulations. The applied modelling strategy is presented and patient-specific FE models are constructed with different levels of anatomic details which can predict the post-operative response of the brain tissue for a given pre-operative state. These models are validated by reconstructing real life DC case, where the predicted displacements and ICP are compared to their observed value measured by neurosurgeons. Results confirm the applicability of the above described modelling procedure, implying that such models can be used to optimize DC in the future based on the biomechanical response of the highly deformable brain tissue.


Purpose Recanalization of chronic total occlusions (CTOs) of the femoropopliteal arteries depends on a successful lesion crossing with the guide wire. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and the primary results of retrograde recanalization of CTOs with balloon-assisted excimer–laser atherectomy (ELA) via a transpopliteal approach after failed antegrade attempts. Methods A total number of 15 patients (10 male, 5 female) with a mean age of 68.5 years (range: 43-91 years) treated with retrograde transpopliteal ELA in the years 2009-2012 were included retrospectively. After unsuccessful antegrade recanalization attempts with conventional guide wires and catheters, patients were treated with a retrograde recanalization attempt via a transpopliteal access using an excimer laser, followed by pressure-only balloon angioplasty (POBA). The mean length of the CTOs in the femoropopliteal arteries was 17.8 ± 5.4 cm (range: 9-29 cm). Results Technically successful recanalization was achieved in 14 of 15 patients. Provisional stenting was done in two cases. There were no major adverse events regarding the laser atherectomy or popliteal access site. One acute reocclusion was observed in the first 48 hours after intervention. The ankle-brachial Index increased from preinterventional 0.45 ± 0.07 to 0.77 ± 0.29 (P < 0.05) in the follow-up period (1.5 months), resulting in a primary patency of 80%. Conclusion The retrograde ELA for recanalization of chronic femoropopliteal occlusions via a popliteal access turned out to be a safe and effective procedure with promising primary results. Thus it may be an endovascular treatment option for long chronic occlusions after failed antegrade recanalization or in patients who are not suitable for surgery.


VPF/VEGF acts selectively on the vascular endothelium to enhance permeability, induce cell migration and division, and delay replicative senescence. To understand the changes in gene expression during endothelial senescence, we investigated genes that were differentially expressed in early vs. late passage (senescent) human dermal endothelial cells (HDMEC) using cDNA array hybridization. Early passage HDMEC cultured with or without VPF/VEGF overexpressed 9 and underexpressed 6 genes in comparison with their senescent counterparts. Thymosin β‐10 expression was modulated by VPF/VEGF and was strikingly down‐regulated in senescent EC. The β‐thymosins are actin G‐sequestering peptides that regulate actin dynamics and are overexpressed in neoplastic transformation. We have also identified senescent EC in the human aorta at sites overlying atherosclerotic plaques. These EC expressed senescence‐associated neutral β‐galactosidase and, in contrast to adventitial microvessel endothelium, exhibited weak staining for thymosin β‐10. ISH performed on human malignant tumors revealed strong thymosin β‐10 expression in tumor blood vessels. This is the first report that Tβ‐10 expression is significantly reduced in senescent EC, that VPF/VEGF modulates thymosin β‐10 expression, and that EC can become senescent in vivo. The reduced expression of thymosin β‐10 may contribute to the senescent phenotype by reducing EC plasticity and thus impairing their response to migratory stimuli.—Vasile, E., Tomita, Y., Brown, L. F., Kocher, O., Dvorak, H. F. Differential expression of thymosin Β‐10 by early passage and senescent vascular endothelium is modulated by VPF/VEGF: evidence for senescent endothelial cells in vivo at sites of atherosclerosis. FASEB J. 15, 458‐466 (2001)


America, he suggested, "the great extent and rapid progress of its trade" was due to the "uncommonly active and enterprising spirit of its inhabitants.'" 1 One citizen of Salem who would come to personify this "active and enterprising spirit" was silversmith Jabez Baldwin (1778-1819), who arrived in town just after the opening of the nineteenth century. His appearance on the scene marked the entrance of a man able to take advantage of the improved economic situation in federal-period Salem. His shop dominated the local market and was of a size not seen before in Salem nor equaled since. His career is a reminder that one man could


In this work, the physical mechanisms of three highly efficient circularly polarized luminescent materials are introduced. The UV–vis spectra are plotted; the transition properties of their electrons at the excited states are investigated using a combination of the transition density matrix (TDM) and the charge difference density (CDD); combining the distribution of electron clouds, the essence of charge transfer excitation in three structures is explained. The resonance Raman spectrum of the three structures at the S1 and S2 excited states are calculated. The M, M-4 and M, M-5 structures are found to produce novel chirality by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectrum, and the reasons for the chirality of the M, M-4 and M, M-5 structures are discussed by analyzing the density of transition electric/magnetic dipole moments (TEDM/TMDMs) in different orientations. Finally, the Raman optical activity (ROA) of M, M-4, and M, M-5 are calculated, and the spectra are plotted. This study will provide guidance for the application of carbon-based nanomaterials in organic electronic devices, solar cells, and optoelectronics.


Isolated trisomy 2 in hematopoietic malignancies is rare, having only been reported in eight cases in the literature. Of these cases, the majority are older male patients (7/8) ranging in age from 64 to 84 years. The underlying hematologic malignancies include: myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), refractory anemia (RA) subtype; MDS, RA with excess blasts (RAEB-II) subtype; MDS, RAEB in transformation (RAEB-t); chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML-t) in transformation; MDS transformed into AML; acute monoblastic and monocytic leukemia (AMoL; FAB M5); and AML in relapse. The molecular pathogenesis and prognostic significance of isolated trisomy 2 remains unknown due to the small number of reported cases. Herein, we report 11 cases of isolated trisomy 2 in hematologic disorders seen in the Mayo Clinic Cytogenetics laboratory from 1996-2012. The majority of patients were older males (7/11) ranging in age from 63 to 93 years. The underlying bone marrow pathologic diagnoses include: hypercellular bone marrow without diagnostic features of malignancy (cases 1 and 2); MDS, refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD) subtype (cases 3 and 4); RAEB-1 (cases 5 and 6); long-standing history of primary myelofibrosis now with 7% bone marrow blasts (case 7); acute myeloid leukemia (AML), not otherwise specified (cases 8 and 9); AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (cases 10 and 11). Trisomy 2 has been suggested to represent an age-related phenomenon as it is seen predominantly in older individuals demonstrating this abnormality. Our data suggests that this could be a possible explanation since all of the eleven cases were ages 63 and over. Based on the limited clinical information in our study, it appears that isolated trisomy 2 harbors little prognostic significance and that, rather, the prognostic significance is driven by the underlying pathologic diagnosis. For example, 3 of the 4 AML cases and the case of PMF with increasing bone marrow blasts survived only 7, 8, 6 weeks and 21 weeks post bone marrow biopsy/cytogenetic evaluation, respectively. Although our study only has two cases that lack diagnostic features of malignancy, one of these cases survived 10 years following the identification of the cytogenetic abnormality. Therefore, trisomy 2 as a sole abnormality should not be considered as definitive evidence for MDS in the absence of diagnostic morphological criteria (similar to trisomy 8 and 20q deletion). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Information overloading in e-commerce hinders the consumers' ability to make the right decisions. Customers visiting e-commerce websites can have specific goals in an individual session. However, using sessions that are based on the last item viewed or purchased is not enough to exploit the sessions specific intention or predict users' next actions in the sessions. In this paper, we proposed context and short term user intention aware (CSUI) framework which is based on item similarity collaborative filtering and Association Rule Session-based recommendation systems, the proposed model combines context factor of users' session and users' short term intentions. The developed model has been evaluated on two real-world datasets. Experimental results showed that using session context and users' short term intentions during the recommendation process could help in improving the accuracy of the next item prerlietion.


Queueing theory has been applied to the determination of Soil Water Residence Time (SWRT) using an 18 year data set. The calculated SWRTs agree qualitatively with the lags exhibited by a 12 month running average plot of rainfall and streamflow. The characteristic SWRT curves derived for two parts of the record agreed well with each other, in spite of a significant drought during the later period.


: This study was conducted to determine the relative biological value (RBV) of mono-calcium and di-calcium phosphate (MDCP) by using dibasic calcium phosphate (DCP) as the reference and taking the growth performance, dietary digestibility, serum and bone indices of weaned piglets as indicators. With a 2×5 factorial arrangement experimental design, four hundred and thirty-two Duroc×Large white×Yorkshire weaned piglets with similar body weight and 4 to 5 weeks of age were randomly allocated into 9 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 8 piglets in each replicate. The phosphates were added into a basal diet at 5 phosphorus supplemental levels as 0, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20% (0 supplemental group was shared), respectively, and there were 9 treatments in all. The adaptation period lasted for 3 days and the experimental period lasted for 35 days. The results showed as follows: 1) no significant interaction was found between phosphorus source and phosphorus supplemental level on the average daily feed intake, average daily gain and mortality of piglets ( P >0.05). The average daily feed intake of piglets in MDCP group was significantly higher than that in DCP group during 15 to 35 days of experiment ( P <0.05). With the increasing of dietary phosphorus levels, the average daily gain and average daily feed intake were significantly increased ( P <0.05), but the feed conversion rate was not significantly changed ( P >0.05). 2) There was no significant interaction between phosphates source and phosphorus supplemental level on the apparent digestibility of dry matter, calcium and phosphorus in piglets ( P >0.05). The apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in MDCP group was significantly higher than that in DCP


162  AbstractThe antifungal effect of three botanical powdered plants and their extracts against root rot disease incidence of bean was evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. Powder of chilli pods (Capsicum annuum), Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) and Eucalyptus leaves (Eucalyptus obliqua) were used in the present work. The botanicals powder or extract were added to the culture medium PDA to obtain the proposed concentrations of 2, 4 and 8%. High significant inhibitory effect on radial fungal growth was observed for different concentrations of botanicals tested. Extracts of botanical plants at the same concentrations indicate a superior inhibitory effect on radial fungal growth when compared with powdered ones. Under field conditions, the botanical plant powders were added individually or combined with compost to the cultivation soil before sowing. All applied treatments reduced root rot incidence comparing with untreated control. Higher significant reduction in disease incidence was observed for combined treatment than that of individuals. It is interesting to note that botanical plants powder gave a similar effect to the fungicide Rhizolex-T in reducing root rot incidence either at preor post-emergence stages of bean growth. Promising applicable technique could be suggested in the light of the results obtained. The use of soil drench treatment with botanical plants powder might be considered as safe, cheep and easily applied method for controlling such soil-borne plant pathogens considering the avoidance of environmental pollution and the side effect of pesticide application.


OBJECTIVE:Although spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is an increasingly recognized syndrome, the long-term outcomes have not been established. We conducted a long-term follow-up study to clarify the clinical features and long-term outcomes of patients with this disorder. METHODS:We performed a retrospective study in 13 consecutive patients with SIH treated between 1998 and 2003. The diagnosis of intracranial hypotension was made on the basis of clinical symptoms, lumbar puncture, radiological studies (e.g. brain magnetic resonance imaging, spine magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomographic myelography) and radionuclide cisternography. We collected follow-up clinical information of the patients by telephone or by examination at an outpatient clinic. RESULTS:All patients were treated by nonsurgical conservative treatments, such as absolute bed rest, intravenous hydration and repetitive epidural blood patch (5 patients). The mean duration of follow up was 51.4 months (range, 15–80 mo). Among 13 patients included in this study, only one patient (7.7%) developed recurrent SIH, and the other patients improved from orthostatic headache. Although 7 of 13 patients had complete resolution of headache at a minimum of 2 years follow-up, 4 patients had mild headache and 2 patients continued to have moderate headache at the final examination. CONCLUSION:In this series, the outcome of SIH after conservative treatment was not as satisfactory as that reported in previous studies. We conclude that periodic follow-up examinations must be performed and a more effective treatment modality developed to achieve complete resolution of SIH.


Carbonate rocks of the Bambui Group, in the State of Bahia, contain many small lead-zinc mineralizations associated with fluorite and barite. Detailed geological studies in the north-central part of the State (eastern part of the Chapada de Irece) showed that the Bambui Group, unconformably overlying the Chapada Diamantina Group (Guariba Formation), can be divided in the following stratigraphic units. Bebedouro Formation, at the base, with terrigenous meta sediments, chiefly slates, meta siltstones and quartzite. Sete Lagoas Formation, formed by three members: red dolomites with clayey material (C member); finely laminated light-grey limestones (B member) and massive dark limestones, with a narrow zone bearing interbedded dolomite near the base (A member). All of the mineralizations in this area are related to the dolomitic horizon, which is about 20 m thick. Most of them appear to be of epigenetic origin, occurring in small fissures (N30W to N50W) associated with calcitic or silicic gangue. These mineralized fissures occur either in the dolomite beds or in the nearby dark limestones. Only one mineralization, occurring in a dolomitic infraformational breccia, seems to be syn-diagenetically formed. Therefore, all of them indicate the same stratigraphic control, occurring in the transition between a weakly and a strongly-reducing facies.


The reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) was first described by Hinchey et al. It is characterized by reversible posterior predominant white and gray matter lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with renal insufficiency or hypertension, or immunosuppression. The findings on neuroimaging are characteristic of subcortical edema without infarction. Patients with RPLS show various kinds of neurologic abnormalities characterized by headache, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, altered mental status, decreased alertness, seizures, and focal neurologic signs. The clinical and radiological findings usually resolve within two to three weeks when the underlying cause is removed. In this report we describe the case of RPLS with eclampsia in a 24-year-old woman, which appears to be involved in areas of the occipital, frontal, and parietal lobes. A brief review of the literature is also presented.


TetraSeis Inc. (TS) has developed a new type of pre-stack depth migration tool named Duplex Wave Migration (DWM) which received a USA patent in 2005. DWM is capable of imaging vertical and near vertical (90 degrees plus or minus 30 degrees) structures. This information is added to the information obtainable from conventional imaging tools to provide geologists with the total structural picture to define these much more structurally complex features.


With the widespread usage of video capture devices and social media videos, videos are dominating the multimedia landscape. There is an emerging need for video quality assessment (VQA) that forms the backbone of advanced video systems. Night-time videos play an important role in user capturing, hence being able to accurately assess their quality is critical. However, the characteristics of night-time videos differ from those of general in-capture videos; and VQA algorithms that have been developed for general-purpose videos cannot accurately assess the quality of night-time videos. Research is needed to gain a better understanding of how humans perceive the quality of night-time videos, and use this new understanding to develop reliable VQA algorithms. To this end, we construct a large-scale night-time VQA database, namely Mobile In-capture Night-time Database for Video Quality (MIND-VQ), containing 1181 night-time videos, 435 subjects, and over 130000 opinion scores. We perform thorough analyses to reveal subjective quality assessment behaviors of night-time videos. Furthermore, we propose a new VQA model, namely Visibility-based Night-time Video Quality Assessment Network, VINIA. Spatial and temporal visibility-aware components are characterized to reflect properties of human perception of night-time VQA task. A series of experiments are conducted to compare our VINIA with other existing VQA algorithms using our new MIND-VQ database and other public VQA databases. Experimental results show that our subjective VQA database provides new insights and our new VINIA model achieves superior performance in accessing night-time video quality.


A two-part analytical study was conducted examining a small-scale, two-bladed rotor undergoing a change in rotor speed. First, a parametric study was conducted to understand how rotor transient response, determined using a time-marching solution, is affected by the choice of rotor wake model, blade elasticity, and inclusion of an elastic support structure model. The second part of the study compared results from an analytical model of the NASA Multirotor Test Bed (MTB) undergoing a rotor speed change to wind tunnel data. Since the analytical and experimental time histories were nonstationary signals, a Stockwell transform was employed to analyze the data in lieu of traditional Fourier transform-based methods. The analysis included extraction of time-varying frequency content of the rotor thrust and hub motion, damping ratios, instantaneous rotor speed, and instantaneous phase difference between thrust and hub motion. Use of a free wake model was found to be necessary to predict higher-harmonic thrust, however, it underpredicted the amplitude of the unsteady loads. Modeling the elasticity of the stiff rotor blades installed on the MTB resulted in minimal impact on the computed vibratory loads compared to a rigid blade model. The current analytical model of the MTB, including an elastic support structure, properly predicted the measured trends in the frequency content of the thrust.


Practical inquiry combines the formal research techniques of formulating questions and conducting literature reviews with site-based data collection and use of findings to improve practice. Rochester Institute of Technology has used this approach to improve support for their residential students.


The objective of this cross-sectional study was to identify and evaluate the occurrence of symptoms of depression and fatigue in women undergoing radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy for breast cancer for one year or less. An instrument was used to collect the sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic data. Depression was assessed using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Fatigue Questionnaire was used to evaluate levels of fatigue. The participants were 31 women who were attending a rehabilitation center for mastectomy patients. Results show that 87.1% of the women report experiencing weakness of their legs as a symptom of fatigue-related malaise related to the treatment. Regarding depression symptoms, 41.9% reported experiencing mild to moderate symptoms. Results point to the need to develop approaches to manage symptoms of depression and fatigue, in addition to helping health professionals to identify their clients' needs and develop suitable strategies for individualized care. Descriptors: Breast Neoplasms; Fatigue; Depression.


Introduction: Beta blockers are not guideline-recommended first-line agents for hypertension, based on evidence that older generation beta blockers such as atenolol are associated with inferior red...


Background and Aim:  Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been expected to be a possible curative treatment, especially for node‐negative early gastric cancer (EGC). We investigated the influential factors on the procedural time of gastric ESD with a Flex knife for the estimation.


This paper presents the design, fabrication and characterization of all-optical polymer-based Micro-optoelectromechanical system (MOEMS) Variable Optical Attenuator (VOA). It consists of an SU-8 quad-beam structure and a suspended waveguide aligned to input/output fiber optics. Actuation is achieved by defining dye-doped SU-8 structures on the mechanical beams. Specific wavelengths focused on such structures have a strong absorption resulting in a heating and, straightforwardly, an expansion of the dye-doped SU-8. This entails a displacement of the seismic mass causing a misalignment (i.e. an increase of the coupling losses) between the waveguides and the input/output fiber optics. Experimental results have validated this approach, by showing the effect of the pumping power on the optical losses, with a slope of 0.17 dB/mW.


Five species of hymenopterous parasitoids were found parasitizing pupae of house flies, Musca domestica L., in poultry and livestock facilities, refuse dump sites, and garbage dumpsters: Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis, S. nigra (Latrielle), Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani), and Nasonia vitripennis (Walker). Four hymenopterous parasitoids (S. nigroaenea, S. nigra, M. raptor and P. vindemiae) were recovered from the pupae of stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L), and blowflies, Chrysomya megacephala (F.). Only 2 parasitic species (S. nigroaenea and P. Vindemiae) were recovered from the pupae of stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L), and blowflies, Chrysomya megacephala (F.). Only 2 parasitic species (S. nigroaenea and P.vindemiae) were recovered from the pupae of blowflies, Phaenicia sericata (Meigen). S. nigroaenea was the most prevalent parasitic species recovered in caged-layer houses, beef cattle barns, refuse dumps, and garbage dumpsters. P. vindemiae was the most abundant parasitic species in swine barns.


Background The medical school curriculum includes a single 5 week rotation in paediatrics during the students' final year. During the "acutely ill child" themed week, the students encouraged to assess acutely unwell children when "on call". Paediatrics, however, is a senior led speciality and it may be difficult for students to obtain this practical experience. Studies have shown that the incorporation of simulation teaching into a paediatrics rotation improves undergraduate students' confidence in assessing and managing acutely unwell children.1 Students perceive simulation as a more positive and useful experience for acquisition and retention of knowledge compared to case based discussion.2 Education Programme We implemented a new in situ simulation programme for the medical students rotating through paediatrics at our hospital with the following aims: 1. To improve students' knowledge, skills and confidence in the assessment, diagnosis and management of acutely unwell children 2. To encourage students to consider a career in paediatrics. Each session consists of three clinical scenarios featuring acutely unwell children, which are linked to an e-learning module that the students complete prior to attending their simulation session. A member of the faculty plants as a paediatric nurse or parent in each scenario. The students work in pairs to perform an ABCDE assessment of the patient, formulate a diagnosis and commence an initial management plan. The other students observe the scenario and then all of the students and faculty debrief the scenario as a group to consolidate the students' learning. The students provide anonymous written feedback of their simulation training experience and their consideration of paediatrics as a career choice. Results 28 final year medical students have participated in the first year of the in situ simulation programme. 100% reported that attending the session increased their confidence in managing acutely unwell children and that their clinical knowledge and awareness of non-technical skills, including communication and team working, also improved. They valued the practical nature of the session and the opportunity to debrief each scenario and receive feedback on their actions. 43% stated they are more likely to consider a career in paediatrics. Conclusions Simulation training improves medical students' self reported confidence in the assessment and management of acutely unwell children and does not negatively impact on their consideration of a career in paediatrics. Further work is needed to assess whether participation in our in situ simulation programme affects our students' performance in their subsequent summative assessments in paediatrics. References . Morrissey B, Jacob H, Harnik E, Mackay K and Moreiras J. Simulation in undergraduate paediatrics: a cluster-randomised trial. The Clinical Teacher 2016;13:337–342. . Couto TB, Farhat SCL, Geis GL, Olsen O and Schvartsman C. High-fidelity simulation versus case-based discussion for teaching medical students in Brazil about paediatric emergencies. Clinics 2015;70(6):393–399.


The top quality of naked oats by milling and saccharification was used as the main raw material,which was then fermented with three strains(instant active dry yeast,Lactic Acid Bacteria and wine active dry yeast) by different treated.The best strain was screened out by the physicochemical index and sense scores of fermentive naked oat juice.The result indicated that the best strains was wine active dry yeast,and secondly was tamed lactic acid bacteria.