A study of the educational literature of recent years reveals a steadily increasing interest in the possibility of the application of standard tests and measurements to the problems of school administration. :Many prominent educators honestly question the value of such tests, because they feel that the most important clements in the mental and moral development of pupils are of an intangible character which can by no possibility be confined in terms of measurement. No one would dispute the fact that human life is a deeper and more complicated subject than can be probed by quantitative tests; nevertheless, when the more subtle components have been excluded, there remain some essential elements in education which are purely objective, and that these can be measured with reasonable exactness there is no reason to doubt. Because some things of supreme importance cannot be included in this category is no valid argument for rejecting the entire plan. We measure a man in terms of achievement; to apply to the schools the same test, the ability to produce results, is only logical and reasonable. The spiritual side of education is real and in all probability defies measurement, but a complete education includes elements other than the spiritual, and so far as they are present they can be measured. If they arc so vague and indefinite as to escape measurement, their existence may well be doubted. The more clearly the objective results of education are understood, the greater the appreciation of the spiritual elements in the child's training. To reassure those who feel that any effort to arrive at a definite knowledge of educational values carries with it the danger of obtruding commercial methods into the region of things of the spirit, the well-proved truth may be reiterated here: the more clearly the objective results of education are understood the greater is the appreciation of the fact that unless all three natures, physical, mental, and spiritual, are being


Consilia played an important role in not only medieval but also early modern professional health literature. A literary 'consilium' consisted of a written statement of one particular case, including the patient's condition and disease as well as advice concerning medical treatment. In the sixteenth century, consilia literature was a common component of the practices of many eminent physicians. This is illustrated through an analysis of consilia from twenty-two different collections and anthologies by fifteen selected authors, who represent university professors, personal physicians, and urban physicians from early modern Italy, France, and German-speaking Central Europe. A closer look at nearly 7,000 consilia shows how important a link they were within the medical community. A detailed view of consilia intended for patients suffering from the 'French disease' reveals details about, for instance, the most common treatments for syphilis - mercury and guaiacum - alongside many other interesting and important details.


The current study evaluates the use of auditory and visual stimuli as cues to prompt the shift of attention between small screen and large screen displays in a Command and Control (C2) environment. The use of spatial audio displays has been shown to reduce workload and improve target detection times. This design employed a two-screen model with multiple targets as well as a multimodal cuing strategy. Ten participants completed eight monitoring task sessions consisting of four different cuing conditions: no cuing, auditory cuing, visual cuing, and combined auditory and visual cuing. Reaction times and accuracy rates, in addition to perceived workload and preference, were compared across all four conditions. It was found that visual cues, auditory cues, and the combined presentation of visual and auditory cues, resulted in faster response times when compared to no cuing. No differences were found between prompting types. The findings of this study apply to the C2 environment, as well as other multi-task environments that may require time-sensitive responses to events and information represented on multiple visual displays.


Welfare is one of the most important aspects of maintaining and fostering social and economic stability because it is necessary to minimize social jealousy in society. This study aims to analyze the effect of economic consumption on the welfare of the society in Sampang district. This research uses quantitative approach. This research conducted in Sampang District by using time series data and this research is analyzed by using linear regression technique. According to the result of research indicate that consumption has significant positive effect on the welfare of the society in Sampang district. Based on the results of research that has been conducted, consumption significantly influences the welfare of the society in Sampang district.


Varieties of Zinc Oxide nanostructures have been fabricated by a simple wet chemical method. The growth of the nanostructures was also studied with the use of various organic and inorganic compounds. A morphological change from rod-like structure to nanosheets was observed in presence of those compounds. We also observed a preferential growth of the nanostructure when hexamine was used and the structural form is quite stable as compared to the use of other compounds.


1 The work presented in this paper is funded by the European Community within the framework of the ESPRIT LTR project CREWS (Cooperative Requirements Engineering With Scenarios) n°21903. Abstract Since a few years, scenarios have gained in popularity in Requirements Engineering. Textual scenarios are narrative descriptions of flows of actions between agents. They are often proposed to elicit, validate or document requirements. The CREWS experience has shown that the advantage of scenarios is their easiness of use, and that their disadvantage stands in the lack of guidelines for 'quality' authoring. In this article, we propose guidance for the authoring of scenarios. The guided scenario authoring process is divided into two main stages : the writing of scenarios, and the correcting of scenarios. To guide the writing of scenarios, we provide style and contents guidelines referring to a conceptual and a linguistic model of scenarios. Our assumption is that scenarios written in conformance to these guidelines can be semi-automatically analysed. Else, to guide the correcting of scenarios, we propose a set of enactable rules. These rules aim at the clarification, completion and conceptualisation of scenarios, and help the scenario author to improve his scenarios until acceptable quality in the terms of the former scenario models.


This paper describes an attempt to present living stem tissue with defined mechanical stress in a spatial configuration which can be easily interpreted in section. We have applied compressive stress to a growing Coleus internode in vivo, using stainless-steel spring-clips which act through a double-edged glass interface of known area. We have found that cambial activity consisting of cell division and enlargement continues even under applied compressive stress ranging up to 20 atm. Tissue reactions to applied stress are discussed in terms of the equilibration of forces propagating through the tissue before, during, and after the presentation of externally applied stress. THE NOTION that mechanical pressure may be able to control the plane of orientation of new cell walls dates back to the work of Kny (1902). More recent studies by this author (Lintilhac, 1974a; Lintilhac and Vesecky, 1980) have offered preliminary evidence that cell wall orientation in actively dividing plant tissues may be considered to correspond with the trajectories of the lines of principal stress as they exist within a meristematic tissue at the moment of cell plate orientation. The verification of this possibility has led us in a search for simple methods of applying stress to living plant tissues in order to achieve some control over division-wall orientation through manipulation of the stress-mechanical environment


Using ultrasonic extraction method,solvent,ultrasonic time,temperature and pH value were chosen as extraction factors to optimize ultrasonic extraction process of coriolus versicolor pigment through single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment L9(34).The stability of coriolus versicolor purple pigment was also investigated under common oxygenant,reducer,food additives or metal ion medium.The optimum extraction technology was ethanol as solvent,extraction temperature at 60℃,pH2,ultrasonic time with 105min,the total content of coriolus versicolor pigment and the yield was used as indexes,its content was detected by spectrophotometry and A480 reached 1.130.Coriolus versicolor pigment was stable under different system in peroxide,common food additives,carbonic drink or soda.Coriolus versicolor pigment had good value on application and exploitation.


MIIND (Multiple Interacting Instantiations of Neural Dynamics) is a highly modular multi-level C++ framework, that aims to shorten the development time for models in Cognitive Neuroscience (CNS). It offers reusable code modules (libraries of classes and functions) aimed at solving problems that occur repeatedly in modelling, but tries not to impose a specific modelling philosophy or methodology. At the lowest level, it offers support for the implementation of sparse networks. For example, the library SparseImplementationLib supports sparse random networks and the library LayerMappingLib can be used for sparse regular networks of filter-like operators. The library DynamicLib, which builds on top of the library SparseImplementationLib, offers a generic framework for simulating network processes. Presently, several specific network process implementations are provided in MIIND: the Wilson–Cowan and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck type, and population density techniques for leaky-integrate-and-fire neurons driven by Poisson input. A design principle of MIIND is to support detailing: the refinement of an originally simple model into a form where more biological detail is included. Another design principle is extensibility: the reuse of an existingmodel in a larger,more extended one. One of themain uses ofMIIND so far has been the instantiation of neural models of visual attention. Recently, we have added a library for implementing biologically-inspired models of artificial vision, such as HMAX and recent successors. In the long run we hope to be able to apply suitably adapted neuronal mechanisms of attention to these artificial models. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. The Philosophy of MIIND 1.1. The need for interoperability of models Looking back on the developments in cognitive neuroscience over the last decade, the progress of experimental techniques is striking. Functional Magnetic Imaging Resonance (fMRI) machines have become commonplace and many of them are now purely dedicated to cognitive research. Techniques, such as EEG, PET, MEG and others have also matured and are increasingly used in conjunction with fMRI. Technological advances have allowed the development of novel ways of connecting electronic readout to neurons, leading to bigger multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) (Navarro et al., 2005; Nicolelis et al., 2003) or to neuron-on-silico chips (Fromherz, 2003; Schoen & Fromherz, 2007). This process seems to reinforce itself: the more we know about specific parts of the brain, the better we can plan the next experiment. ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail address: email@example.com (M. de Kamps). 0893-6080/$ – see front matter© 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2008.07.006 Enormous progress has also beenmade in the understanding of single neurons and neuronal systems. Researchers are beginning to explore large-scale models of biologically detailed networks (e.g., Djurfeldt et al. (2008)). Relatively simple neuronal models now exist thatmodel experimental data accurately, butwhich aremuch simpler than Hodgkin–Huxley type models (Brette & Gerstner, 2005). The BlueBrain project (e.g., Markram (2006)) aims to model an entire cortical column in realistic detail. The effects of synaptic plasticity rules can now be investigated in great detail both on the neuronal (e.g., Gerstner and Kistler (2002)) and the network levels (Morrison, Aertsen, & Diesmann, 2007). But where experimental (cognitive) neuroscience has reached a breakthrough at the system level, and allows us to observe the global flow of neural activity in the active brain, computational modelling is yet to follow suit here. In general, progress in computational neuroscience has not informedmodels of high level cognition. In terms of understanding high level cognition, mental illnesses and endowing artifacts with human-like intelligencewehave not reached a breakthrough at the system level. What is the cause for this? Although it is certainly true that means for modelling and theory building are not commensurate M. de Kamps et al. / Neural Networks 21 (2008) 1164–1181 1165 with the enormous investments in experimental equipment, in the opinion of the authors this is not the main reason. To include a realistic level of detail in models of high level cognition a lot of work will be necessary, which will involve a large number of people and expertise from various disciplines. However, in modelling we seem to have hit something of a complexity wall: most modelling is done on a project-by-project basis, in relatively small groups. Typically, the results of modelling are published, but publishing the implementation of the model, be it in the form of source code or an executable program (or in other forms: e.g. CORBA/COM objects), is rare, although with the recent arrival of ModelDB (http://senselab.med.yale.edu/modeldb) this may slowly change. This means that the level of complexity of the model in general will not exceed that what can be achieved by a small research group (1–5 people) over a limited period of time (2–5 years). This is not a problem if one believes that the brain can be understood at a relatively high level of abstraction, and with relatively simple models, which only need to be scaled up to brain sized dimensions. While it is not possible to disprove such an optimistic view, because of our lack of success in endowing artifacts with humanor animal-like intelligence, many researchers now adopt the view that we must invest more effort in understanding the brain and behaviour as a biological system (O'Reilly, 2006; Webb, 2001). This is a novel development in some disciplines, for example in Connectionism the need for biological realism used to be deemphasized or even opposed. It has proven difficult to disentangle the neuronal level from the genetic level and the behavioural level from the neuronal level and modelling any higher level cognitive function involves a large number of brain areas, which are interconnected in complicated ways. The human brain will turn out to be extremely difficult to model. Some scientists argue that the way to go is to build brainor biologically-inspired technological applications (Brooks, 1991; Pfeifer & Scheier, 1999; Webb, 2001), and learn from this how the brain functions. This is a valid approach, and will undoubtedly yield useful insights, but modelling the brain is also crucial to obtain insight into the causes of mental disorders and to improve existing human-brain interfaces systematically. In this light, the complexity barrier imposed by small research groups and the limited amounts of time are a disaster. In order to make progress, it is necessary to construct models that can be reused by other research groups, which would reduce the enormous level of duplication which is currently going on. Ideally, models should be extensible in two directions: it should be possible to 'detail' them, replacing a certain coarse level of modelling by a finer grained one, and it should be possible to build complex models, using the current ones as building blocks. Not only would such a reuse of modelling greatly reduce duplication of programming efforts and allow the construction of complex models by small research groups, it would also greatly help in the transfer of expertise between the different disciplines involved in brain science. Technically, it is extremely challenging to create such models, and the question is, what happenswhen they are there.Whomaintains them?Who validates them?Who evaluates their usefulness? It is clear that coordination of some kind is necessary and it seems that with the creation of the International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility (INCF; http://www.incf.org), this is potentially forthcoming. However, even a coordination agency needs something to start with and it is clear that the first step must come from researchers in the field, since the problems sketched here surface most clearly when one tries to extend models and tries to incorporate work from other researchers. MIIND is an example of such efforts: starting as a relatively simple Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model for object-based attention (van der Velde & de Kamps, 2001), which was subsequently expanded into the Closed Loop Attention Model (CLAM) (van der Velde, de Kamps & van der Voort van der Kleij, 2004), we extended it to include a neural blackboard architecture (van der Velde & de Kamps, 2006). We experienced first, that some of the programming work we had to do was quite repetitive and second, that we could not easily include our earlier work into the later, more sophisticatedmodels.We also found that in these later models, which were characterised by a much more complex spatial organization, it was sometimes necessary to include more realistic descriptions of neuronal dynamics. Furthermore, we found it necessary to be able to integrate our models with those of others, in other words to construct models that are interoperable (see Cannon et al. (2007) for a recent review of interoperability of neural simulators). For example, we are interested to see if the mechanisms described in van der Velde and de Kamps (2001) can be applied to recentmodels of object recognition in the ventral stream, such as HMAX and more recent variations (Riesenhuber & Poggio, 1999; Serre, Wolf, Bileschi, Riesenhuber, & Poggio, 2007). Finally, we have observed that models of others are often very similar in mathematical structure (Hamker, 2005; Lanyon & Denham, 2004; Usher & Niebur, 1996), even when expressing ideas or models quite different from our own. We call our ideas on interoperability and extensibility ofmodels ''The Philosophy of MIIND'' (de Kamps & Baier, 2007). They are realized in C++ code, but can be considered demonstrators, or realizations of designpatterns (Gamma,Helm, Johnson, &Vlissides, 1994). Some of our ideas are not necessarily related to a C++ implementation and could, from a user's perspective a


The present invention is a fluidized bed apparatus and the measurement of oriented product flow of fluidized product in a spouted bed selected processing apparatus from the apparatus (1) in a spray method for coating and / or granulating relates to a method for monitoring and / or control, in this method, by using one or more microwave sensor device (8), the microwave radiation is incident on one or more product streams as for example and in a non-contact , is received microwave radiation reflected by the particles of the respective product streams, the measurement signal characterizing the product stream based on the received microwave radiation is formed and output. The present invention relates to the use and correspondingly configured device corresponding microwave sensor device (8) about (1).


There has been considerable interest in the development of novel pyridazine and pyridazinone compounds with their anticonvulsant activity. Pyridazine and pyridazinones possessing a magic azometine –NH-N=CHmoiety. The pyridazinone also possessing cyclic amide moiety in their ring structures, constitute an important class of compounds for new drug development and the effect of a hydrophobic unit, hydrogen bonding domain and electron-donor group on the compound's anticonvulsant activity. Therefore, many researchers have synthesized these compounds as target structures and evaluated their different pharmacological activities. These observations have been guiding for the development of new pyridazinones that possess potent anticonvulsant activity with less toxic or side effects.


Solvent flooding of the Wizard Lake D-3A pool in Alberta, Canada, will get under way near the first of 1970. Solvent, gas, and water-injection systems are due for almost simultaneous start-up as Texaco Exploration Co. tries for an ultimate recovery of 323 million stock-tank barrel (stb) of oil. Recovery factor for the entire project is given as 84% by Alberta's Oil and Gas Conservation Board. Texaco's application to the board claimed an ultimate recovery of 89%. The flood, which is expected to behave miscibly, will operate vertically in the reservoir, much like Imperial Oil Ltd.'s Golden Spike project. A unique feature of the Wizard Lake project is the need to stabilize the oil-water contact. Hence, the water injection along with gas and solvent. The reservoir is a bioherm Devonian reef reaching a height of about 650 ft above the Cooking Lake member. Primary recovery mechanism is a combination expansion drive, water drive, and gravity drainage. Reservoir limits are established by a total of 68 wells, most of them on 40-acre spacing. Water, gas, and solvent will be injected into 2 wells each, starting about the first of 1970, or sooner. Four additional wells have been approved for solvent injection atmore » a later date, after another hearing.« less


This paper presents the concept of a fault detection system covering detection, diagnosis, and prognosis associ- ated with them. To this aim procedures of data analysis and exploration, based on the nonparametric method of kernel es- timators were applied. This method allows the useful characterization of probability distributions without arbitrary as- sumptions regarding their membership to a fixed class. The investigated system was proved to be effective with respect to both abrupt as well as slowly progressing symptoms of arising anomalies. This work has been aimed at the problem of fault detection in dynamical systems as objects of automatic control, although the general formula is universal and can be used for a wide range of tasks, also outside of engineering.


Energy efficiency of building, promotes strongly the integration of passive strategies, in order to achieve a thermal comfort especially in summer conditions by reducing or preventing the use of air conditioning systems. In this work, building energy performance has been evaluated using an earth-air heat exchanger (EAHE) during summer period. Energy requirements was analysis by the means of dynamic simulation tools called (TRNSYS) for hot and arid climate in the southern Algeria. This analysis was conducted function of different (such as soil typology, tube material, tube length and depth, ventilation airflow rates). Results show that earth-air heat exchanger has the highest efficiency for arid climates. Furthermore, the possibility of coupling of this technology with other passive strategies (nocturne ventilation and thermal mass) has been also examined. High efficiency was observed.


Young, A. D. and Rao, K. N., "Some Low Speed Results on the Effects of Swirl and Velocity Distribution on an Axisymmetric Jet," Aerospace Quarterly, Vol. 29, 1978, p. 4. Morse, A. P., "Some Experiments on the Turbulent Swirling Jet with and without External Stream," Ph.D. Thesis, Imperial College, London, 1979. Samet, M. and Einav, S., "The Directional Pressure Probe," Review of Scientific Instruments, 1984, pp. 582-588.


Humour is part of Arab life; one can almost argue that humour kept the Arab spirit going in the darkest of recent times. Arabs laugh at their misery, whether it stems from political oppression or economic depression (Chakhachiro, 2009, p.3). This study provides the reasons for using verbal ironies by Mahmoud El Saadany from both political and social perspectives. This study aims to investigate the cognitive semantics of verbal ironies applied to data selected from ironic quotes by Allah's Door". Mahmoud El Saadany's only weapon is irony through which, he can express his opinions and perspectives. Hence, the data chosen in this text are written by a sarcastic Arab writer in the field of politics, so this study examines features of sarcastic Arab writers with respect to political irony. The study uncovers the mystery of the ironic language. It analyzes the ironic quotes through semantic cognitive theories and views. It also shows how semantic cognitive tools can convey the implied meaning of ironic quotes. This study is organized as follows: Introduction, four chapters and Conclusion. Thus, in general, the study comprises two components; a theoretical part which is in chapter one and two, and an applied part which is in chapter three and four.


From the perspective of microbiological,the active ingredients of plant extracts,and environment purification,a comprehensive overview of dracaena is given.The purpose of the paper is to create a foundation for the further development and the using of dracaena sanderiana,to provide a reference for the in-depth research and application,and to construct quality evaluation system.


Histories were obtained of 154 consecutive patients admitted to the coronary care unit to ascertain the presence and duration of prodrome symptoms. Eighty-four percent of patients who proved to have myocardial infarction and 93 percent of patients with acute coronary insufficiency had prodromes. The infarct patients had more varied symptoms for longer periods of time (median two weeks) than the acute coronary insufficiency patients (median six days). Patients admitted after successful resuscitation of cardiac arrest had prodromes for a median time of one month. Symptoms included those of "impending infarction," congestive failure and "low output syndrome." Most patients knew of their cardiovascular disease, and were under care. Since there is evidence that infarction might be prevented during the prodrome stage, patient education concerning certain symptoms is indicated.


589 self" becomes obligatory, if one is not to be crushed, in Adorno's phrase, by something "locomotive"-like in Kafka's stories, speeding down on you. I shall pursue a possibly related "error" at the end; it is found in one of the very best of the essays: chapter fourteen, "Between Gnosticism and Jehovah: The Dilemma in Kafka's Religious Attitude." In a footnote Sokel writes that the scholar Werner Hoffmann "underestimates the continuity and consistency in Kafka's work and thought" in respect to the Gnostic strain in Jewish mysticism (308); Hoffmann is wrong, according to Sokel, to argue for a syncope in Kafka's relation to Jewish Gnosticism occurring around the time of his discovery of his fatal tuberculosis. In my inflection of his argument, Hoffmann claims that the gnostic sensibility that informs Kafka's early writing turns, at a time of desperation, into something doctrinal. I should prefer to approach Hoffmann more closely on this point and insist on the distinction, even within "a Gnostic sensibility," between a gnosticism that is bound to a justificatory world-denial through writing and a Gnosticism that offers salvation on theological terms—a doctrine with which Kafka, in 1917–1918, to use Sokel's phrase, quite seriously "experimented" (301). But none of these potential adjustments could have been made without the help of Sokel's own insights and formulations. This is simply the best book of criticism on Kafka's thought and work ever written.


The utility model relates to an automatic inking device used by a desktop postage machine comprising an ink tank, an inking wheel contacting with the ink in the ink tank, an ink wheel contacting with the postage wheel of the postage machine and a control wheel, wherein, the axes of the control wheel is parallel to the axes of the inking wheel and the ink wheel; the axes of the control wheel can change between a contacting position and a deviating position; when the control wheel is in the contacting position, the control wheel contacts the inking wheel and the ink wheel at the same time and the inking wheel inks for the ink wheel; when the control wheel is in the deviating position, the control wheel deviates from the inking wheel and the ink wheel at the same time stops inking. The structure is easy to control and the abrasion can be reduced.


We analyse 1187 observations of about 860 unique candidate Jovian Trojan asteroids listed in the 3rd release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Moving Object Catalogue. The sample is complete at the faint end to r = 21.2 mag (apparent brightness) and H = 13.8 (absolute brightness, approximately corresponding to 10 km diameter). A subset of 297 detections of previously known Trojans were used to design and optimize a selection method based on observed angular velocity that resulted in the remaining objects. Using a sample of objects with known orbits, we estimate that the candidate sample contamination is about 3 per cent. The well-controlled selection effects, the sample size, depth and accurate five-band UV‐ IR photometry enabled several new findings and the placement of older results on a firmer statistical footing. We find that there are significantly more asteroids in the leading swarm (L4) than in the trailing swarm (L5): N(L4)/N(L5) = 1.6 ± 0.1, independently of limiting object's size. The overall counts normalization suggests that there are about as many Jovians Trojans as there are main-belt asteroids down to the same size limit, in agreement with earlier estimates. We find that Trojan asteroids have a remarkably narrow colour distribution (root mean scatter of only ∼0.05 mag) that is significantly different from the colour distribution of the main-belt asteroids. The colour of Trojan asteroids is correlated with their orbital inclination, in a similar way for both swarms, but appears uncorrelated with the object's size. We extrapolate the results presented here and estimate that the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope will determine orbits, accurate colours and measure light curves in six photometric bandpasses for about 100 000 Jovian Trojan asteroids.


We report on picosecond photoluminescence decay in silicon nanocrystals prepared by ion implantation. We found that the photoluminescence within the first nanosecond after photoexcitation by a $532\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ picosecond pulse differs substantially from that with $266∕355\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ excitation. The former has a broad spectrum including the anti-Stokes region, a quadratically pump-dependent amplitude, and a decay time of $105\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps}$. The latter scales linearly with the pump and has a $1100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps}$ decay time. We observed also a quadratic pump scaling of the slow component in the transient absorption dynamics. We interpret our data in terms of different conditions at low and large excitation excess energy, and by the Auger recombination of carriers in nanocrystals containing two photoexcited electron-hole pairs.


Organic carbon (OC) burial in lake sediments plays important roles in the terrestrial carbon cycle and global carbon bal⁃ ance. Lake Erhai is the second largest freshwater lake in the Yunnan⁃Guizhou Plateau. There have been many studies on the chan⁃ ges in the lake ecological environment and pollution of trace metals and nutrients, but limited knowledge is available on the spatio⁃ temporal patterns in OC burial in sediment. Based on the analysis of OC content in core EH2012 and other 13 sedimentary cores in Lake Erhai, the characteristics in temporal and spatial variations of OC burial in recent 100 years were studied, and their relation⁃ ships with the climatic, anthropogenic and ecological factors were discussed. The C / N molar ratio indicated that the sedimentary OC in Lake Erhai were mainly autochthonous in source, and they displayed similar vertical trends in the cores from different lake areas. In core EH2012, for example, the OC content displayed three stages variations. The OC content were low before 1970 AD, followed by a gradual increase between 1970 and 2000 AD, then increased sharply after 2000 AD and reached the maxima in re⁃


Lack of Cyber Forensics experts is a huge challenge facing the world today. It comes due to the fancy of Cyber Forensics training or education. The multidisciplinary nature of Cyber Forensics proliferates to diverse training programmes, from a handful day's workshop to Postgraduate in Cyber Forensics. Consequently, this paper concentrates on analyzing the Cyber Forensics training programmes in terms of Competency-Based Framework. The study proves that Cyber Forensics training or education has improper Competency-Based Framework.


Oxidative stress associated with postprandial hyperlipidemia contributes to endothelial dysfunction, which shifts hemostasis to a more thrombogenic state. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of Allium hertifolium and Sesamum indicum on postprandial lipemic, glycemic profile and endothelial markers in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. A total of 32 male rabbits were randomized into 4 groups: Group 1: Control group (normal group); Group 2: Hypercholesterolemic diet (1% cholesterol); Group 3: 1% cholesterol administered with A. hertifolium extract (2% of diet); Group 4: 1% cholesterol administered with S. indicum powder (10% of diet). The serum was analyzed for lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC); triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), ApoB), glucose, nitrite, nitrate, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) levels and plasma was analyzed for fibrinogen and factor VII. These factors were measured in blood samples following 15 h of fasting and 3 h after feeding. The results showed A. hertifolium and S. indicum to be effective in reducing SGPT, fibrinogen, total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C values in comparison with hypercholesterolemic diet group. Consumption of A. hertifolium and S. indicum did not significantly change factor VII, ApoB and nitrite levels in comparison with hypercholesterolemic diet group. Intake of S. indicum significantly decreased serum SGOT, nitrate, glucose and TG compared to hypercholesterolemic diet group. A. hertifolium and S. indicum with a high content of phenolic compounds change the postprandial profile lipids, endothelial markers and trombogenic factors and might be beneficial in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Key words: Allium hertifolium, Sesamum indicum , postprandial, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). INTRODUCTION In recent years, so many researches have confirmed and approved the correlation between the loads of postprandial elevated triglyceride and atherosclerosis.


The relevance of scientific research is due to the fact that Old Slavonic, Church Slavonic and borrowings from other languages enrich our speech, helping it to give a special meaning, expressiveness and emotional color. By explaining the lexical meaning of specific tokens, it becomes possible to better understand Russian fiction. Separate layers of Russian vocabulary help to study the close historical and cultural ties of the Slavic peoples. The object of our study is the poetic language of A. Fet as a special means of existence of natural language, where the poet creates individual linguistic images. Our analysis revealed the peculiarities of the functioning of Church Slavonic, Old Slavonic, individual tokens of Indo-European, Interslavic and East Slavic vocabulary, as well as borrowings from other languages.


Preface A Far Different Strategic Management Introduction to Second Edition Strategic Management Explained Approaches to Strategic Leadership Chief Executive as General Manager of Strategy Chief Executive as Master of Change Creating a Compelling Vision of the Future Establishing a Strategic Management System Designing and Starting a Strategic Management System Organizing a Strategic Management System Evaluating a Strategic Management System Setting the Strategic Agenda Making Strategic Assessments Preparing the Strategic Plan Choosing Strategies Reinventing Government Strategic Competence in Nonprofit Organizations Emerging Interdependence of Government and Nonprofit Sectors Applying Popular Private Sector Strategies to Managing Public Concerns Implementing Strategic Thrusts: Using Modern Program Management Methods What Is Modern Program Management? What Program Executives and Managers Actually Do Setting Objectives and Devising Action Plans Designing Program/Project Plans Developing Performace Measures Budgeting for Program Accountability Organizing Program and Responsibility Structure Using Team Structures Learning from Experience Controlling and Monitoring Performance Evaluating Program Performance in a Learning Organization Bibliography Index


A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) deformable mirror is described that uses a novel actuation scheme to increase the optical focus range. In this method, electrostatic-pneumatic actuation is used to achieve a convex surface curvature of the mirror with negative focus, while direct electrostatic actuation creates a concave surface with positive focus. Mirrors have demonstrated 20-μm total stroke with more than 2-kHz bandwidth. The fabricated device consists of two membranes made of the photoset epoxy SU-8. One membrane serves as the deformable mirror and the other one as the pneumatic actuator. The pneumatic membrane also provides a built-in valve for pressure equalization. The principle of operation, fabrication process, and results are presented.


We examine the intraday and interday dynamics of both the level of and changes in the FTSE (Financial Times-Stock Exchange) 100 index futures mispricing. Like numerous previous studies we find significant evidence of mean reversion and hence predictability in mispricing changes measured over high (minute-by-minute) and low (daily) frequencies. Contrary to other studies we show explicitly that for high-frequency data, this predictability is due not to microstructure effects but to arbitrage activity. Using a threshold autoregressive model that is consistent with arbitrage behavior, we show that such models imply first-order autocorrelation in mispricing changes similar in magnitude to that actually observed. For low-frequency data, we show that predictability is driven neither by arbitrage activity nor by microstructure effects. Rather, it is a statistical illusion that is the result of overdifferencing a trend-stationary series.


Cavitation over a five bladed marine propeller (P4381) is studied using large eddy simulations (LES) at Reynolds number of 894,000 and advance ratio of 0.89. The simulations use the homogeneous mixture model, where the mixture of water and vapor is treated as a single compressible fluid. The numerical method of Gnanaskandan and Mahesh (2015) is extended to solve the governing equations in the rotating frame of reference using absolute velocity. Evaluation of propeller shaft orientation, numerical dissipation, pressure drop in vortex cores, freestream nuclei and grid resolution is presented. Simulations are performed for wetted conditions and thrust break down conditions. Propeller loads obtained from the simulations are compared to the experiments and flow field obtained using LES is used to analyse thrust breakdown.


Provided are a cooking appliance, and a system and method for controlling a cooking appliance. The system includes a RF tag and a cooking appliance. The RF tag stores food information about foods as integrants of a dish and the cooking appliance having a RF reader reads the food information stored in the RF tag. The cooking appliance includes a memory, a cooking appliance controller, and a displayunit. The memory stores dish information about dishes that can be cooked using the food information. The cooking appliance controller reads dish information from the memory, and the display unit displays at least one of the dish information to a user.


We developed a technique that allows rapid protein elution from polyacrylamide gel bands at room temperature into a detergent‐free buffer (elution time 2 × 10 min, total working time about 30 min) with high yields (90–98%) even at a low picomole level (1 picomole per band). Its efficacy relies on the combination of protein detection by reverse staining with the enhancement of protein diffusion after gel crushing. Detection is accomplished by gel incubation in an imidazole solution, followed by incubation in a zinc salt solution to develop a negative stain pattern. Proteins are eluted by zinc complexation in Laemmli electrophoresis buffer (Tris + glycine), from which sodium dodecyl sulfate is omitted to allow direct subsequent microanalysis, e.g. high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and automatic sequencing. A variety of proteins were eluted efficiently (with no apparent restriction due to their intrinsic properties) as quantified with radioiodinated total E. coli proteins. Yields were independent of acrylamide concentration, protein molecular mass (from 10 to 100 kDa) and the amount (from 1 to 100 picomole) of protein in the band. This protocol was derived from a quantitative evaluation of the effect of protein staining and of sample reduction prior to electrophoresis on elution yields. For N‐terminal sequencing, the protein eluate was automatically loaded on a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane with conventional HPLC equipment; both loading and membrane clean‐up were monitored at 206 nm. By simultaneously processing several analytical bands, the procedure allowed trace enrichment of a natural scarce protein that was N‐terminal sequenced.


Abstract The goal of this study is to better understand when (and why) the combination of semantic overlap between antecedent and anaphor and antecedent focus leads to difficulty in anaphor processing. To investigate these questions, three ERP experiments manipulating semantic overlap and focus compared the ERPs from the onset of the anaphor as well as from the onset of the last word in the sentence containing the anaphor. Our results suggest that although the focus status of an antecedent and the semantic overlap between the antecedent and anaphor are important, these factors are not the only significant contributors to online anaphor resolution. Factors such as readers' expectations about thematic shifts also influence the processing. We consider our results in relation to two accounts of anaphor resolution, the Informational Load Hypothesis (Almor, 1999; Almor & Eimas, 2008) and JANUS (Garnham & Cowles, 2008).


In order to solve the problem that the rotor protection of traditional High Speed with Surface-mount Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (HSPMSM) and the permanent magnet are easy to demagnetize under the high temperature. This paper propose a Stator Excited Transverse Flux High Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (SE - TFHSPMSM), which has a simpler rotor structure that makes it easier to protect the rotor. In addition, this new structure protects the permanent magnet from the threat of centrifugal force and high temperature and enhances the mechanical strength of the rotor. The paper establishes the equivalent magnetic circuit model of electric machine and gets the calculation formula of key part reluctance. The correctness of the theory and the feasibility of the structure are proved by finite element simulation analysis (FEA).


357 Invariant NKT cells reduce accumulation of inflammatory monocytes in the lungs and decrease immune-pathology during severe influenza A virus infection. W. L. Kok, L. Denney, K. Benam, S. Cole, C. Clelland, A. J. McMichael, and L.-P. Ho iNKT cells modulate severe influenza by reducing accumulation of inflammatory monocytes in lungs; possibly by targeting infected inflammatory monocytes for lysis. ‹ SEE CORRESPONDING EDITORIAL ON PAGE 349


On the basis of Maniglio s systematic review on severe mental illness and criminal victimization (1), Khalifeh identified three recent European studies addressing prevalence and correlates of victimization among severely mentally ill persons (2–4). These studies, including 2045 patients, add more evidence on the issue. Such articles where not included in Maniglio s systematic review, because they were not available when four Internet-based databases were searched for articles published between January 1966 and August 2007. However, it is apparent that the main findings of Maniglio s review are generally confirmed. First, in all these recent studies high rates of victimization were reported (ranging from 10% to 57%). Second, in the study by Hodgins et al. (3), over 6 months, rates of violent victimization (57% of men and 48% of women were assaulted) were higher than rates of perpetration of violence (49% of men and 39% of women had engaged in aggressive behaviour; 47% of men and 17% of women had been convicted of at least one violent crime). Third, victimization was significantly associated with engagement in aggressive behaviour (3), criminal arrest (4), alcohol and drug abuse (4), and more severe symptomatology (4). In the study by Dean et al. (2), violent victimization was associated with previous history of victimization, less than daily family contact, young age at illness onset, and the presence of comorbid cluster B personality disorder. Interestingly, such correlates differed from those identified by Walsh et al. (5), in their study based on the same sample and included in Maniglio s review. These three recent studies identified by Khalifeh, while generally confirm the main findings of Maniglio s systematic review, add more evidence on the prevalence and risk factors of victimization in severely mentally ill patients in different geographical areas and settings. Further research and appropriate prevention and intervention programmes are needed.


Extracting a melody to have representativeness of music so that contents-based music information retrieval system lets recently reduce response time about a search of a user, and be indexes do, and used this to a search. A way the existing study used MIDI data, and was proposed to extract a representative melody. However, there is a disadvantage limited to MIDI data. Therefore these papers propose the representative melody search way how application is possible to all audios file format as using a digital signal process technique of audio data. A representative melody is a section each audio data showing characteristics most conspicuous. This is the section where appeal is largest to persons listening to audio data and we was able to find from pieces having the maximum during wave forms of total data. Have got a node of audio data and tempos, and measure the frequency that high value (value more than 90% of a wave form highest of data) appears of a wave form from each nodes from node information got for representative melody searches. At this time a 8 node interval is representative melody scope of audio data from the scopes where high values was gathering most around of wave forms. Selected 1000 pieces of guns, and by 250 pieces by genres represented audio data of four kinds of Ballad, Dance, Hip-hop, Rock by experiment to verify effectiveness of a proposal way, and extracted a melody, and therefore showed Ballad 79.6%, Dance 83%, Hip-hop 89%, precision of Rock 62.8%.


Abstract : From a review of existing techniques and extrapolation of lower velocity data, the drag characteristics of a typical kinetic energy projectile are proposed for application in the range 5 is less than M is less than 10.


Abstract. 1. Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nuttall and A.polycarpa (Torrey) Watson (Chenopodiaceae) support twelve morphologically distinct gall types in southern California. Thirty‐seven common species of parasitoids, predators and inquilines are associated with these galls.


With the quick development of large-scale power electronic technology, more and more power electronic devices have been put into operation. However, the integration of large-scale power electronic devices makes the inertia and damping ratio of the power systems reduce, and has adverse impact on the safe and stable operation of the power systems. The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology can make the power electronic device emulate the inertia and damping feature of conventional synchronous generator (SG), which provides effective solution to address the issues of the power systems with large-scale power electronic devices. The basic principle of VSG is introduced in this paper, and the application prospective of VSG technology in integration of PV generators and wind power generators, power electronic transformer and flexible ac and dc transmission is discussed. Finally, the focuses of the future study of VSG technology are put forward.


This essay explores the social-psychic toll of prolonged austerity on academic librarians and the range of strategies that have (or could) serve as tools of resistance. Using a combination of theoretical analysis and autoethnography, I examine the emotional impact of bottomless and invisible labour imposed by austerity and the ways institutions use emotional coercion to promote self-surveillance, meta-work, and hyper-productivity. Following this analysis, I discuss the ways that oppressive institutional cultures silence dissent and absorb common resistance tactics advocated by educators. Finally, I introduce several examples of performance-based resistance projects and explore how creative, personal, and absurd forms of protest might be used to critique and transform the culture of work and our affective experience as knowledge workers in the neoliberal academy.


The recent QCD calculations of the five-loop beta function and of R(e+e-) to O(alpha_s^4) provide one more term in the Banks-Zaks expansion in (16.5-nf). There is no longer any hope that the expansion could extend, even crudely, to low nf. Above nf=9, however, the results appear to be reasonably consistent from order to order.


A transceiver PIC consisting of a DFB-LD, a receiver PD and a Y-shaped branch waveguides is realized by in-plane bandgap energy controlled selective MOVPE. Both active and passive core layers are formed in one step selective growth, and complicated fabrication procedure is no longer required. More than 1 mW fiber coupled power and 7 GHz receiver bandwidth are obtained. The modulation and detection operations at 500 Mb/s are successfully demonstrated.


Free nickel Duplex stainless steels containing two different levels of 6–13 wt% manganese contents have been studied and analysed. The alloys, made up of appropriate mixtures of the alloying elements, Ferro-alloys and Ferro-alloys bearing nitrogen were melted in an induction furnace under nitrogen pressure. Even though the resistance to the pitting attack was controlled and enhanced by the nitrogen addition as well as, chromium, molybdenum contents. Also, the cast experimental alloy that contained high manganese was found to offer some advantages over the 2205-type duplex stainless steel in combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The microstructure development due to increasing manganese contents from 6 to 13 wt% revealed the decrease of the ferrite volume fraction from 82 to 75 %, respectively. Mechanical testing results showed that the free nickel alloys containing 0.14–0.23 wt% carbon with manganese contents ranging from 6.44 to 13.45 wt% have moderate mechanical properties whereas U.T.S. ranging from (691–815) MPa, Y.S. (585–738) MPa, elongation (19–21 %), and a corrosion rate of 0.044–6.0 mm/year, respectively. Manganese is Ragaie Rashad: on Leave from Cairo University R. Rashad Department of Mechanical Engineering, British University in Egypt, 11837 P.O. Box 43, Cairo, Egypt e-mail: email@example.com A.E. Amer Mechanical Design and Production Engineering Department, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt e-mail: email@example.com A.Y. Shash (&) Mechanical Design and Production Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt e-mail: email@example.com H. Shendy The Egyptian Technical Military School, Cairo, Egypt e-mail: email@example.com © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 A. Öchsner and H. Altenbach (eds.), Mechanical and Materials Engineering of Modern Structure and Component Design, Advanced Structured Materials 70, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-19443-1_1 1 therefore an effective element of duplex microstructures. As an economical development, it is concluded that manganese is a useful replacement element for nickel in duplex alloys, but further work is required before the present alloys, or variations of them, could be commercially viable.


Among them, mold selection is very important in the programming of generating mold motion trajectory, which is related to the machining accuracy, efficiency and service life of the mold. For this reason, the principle of mold selection needs to be clarified. In CNC drilling or reaming during processing, the proportion of hole group processing is very large, and it is difficult for the programmer to randomly determine the processing path of the hole group to achieve the optimization of the path, which will greatly affect the production efficiency in mass production. When using the post software to process the processing path, sometimes Cause the mold to jump back and forth between several areas. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the evolution of the process route of the CNC machining center machine tool, and the same selection, crossover or mutation operations are performed. Only work on the fitness function corresponding to the problem itself, without any other prerequisites or auxiliary information to solve the optimal problem. However, the size of the die cannot be increased blindly. When the die size is too large, the unprocessed volume will increase, and the subsequent finishing will be difficult. Therefore, many common approximate solutions have been proposed. At present, path planning with genetic algorithm has become a research hotspot. The advantage of genetic algorithm is that it can deal with constraints well, has strong robustness, has potential parallelism and strong global search ability. Therefore, a more reasonable die selection optimization method is proposed, and a more complete die optimization system is established. This paper mainly focuses on the simulation of die NC machining by genetic algorithm, so genetic algorithm can better solve the problem of machining path optimization.


Video surveillance systems that contain a large number of cameras makes the continuous monitoring of the video feeds nearly an impossible task. If the information from these many cameras is to be exploited automatic video analytic techniques must be developed. In this paper, we present improvements to a previously developed crowd flow estimation method. We use crowdsourcing techniques to enhance the performance. An experimental evaluation is conducted using publicly available datasets.


Winston Churchill's period as a party leader has rarely been examined, but was a significant period of his life and in the history of the Conservative Party. It emerges as a relationship of conflict rather than harmony, in which orthodox Tories were as anxious to keep Churchill at bay as to reap benefits for their party from his celebrity status. Although as wartime Prime Minister he largely disregarded the interests of his party, after 1945 the party's managers were mainly successful in regaining control of affairs from a leader who remained indifferent but was now unable to do his party much harm.


Water spray cooling is widely used in many industrial processes to control heat removal from a hot material surface. In this work, pressurized spray nozzle was applied to break film boiling immediately once the quenching process is started. For this purpose, a circular disc made of non-ferrous metals is heated to approximately 850 °C and sprayed on one side by hydraulic nozzle and the temperature distribution with respect to time and space is measured by using Infrared camera. On the other side, the measured surface was coated with graphite paint in order to achieve a high emissivity. By this IR thermography, transient temperature measurement can be carried out within the window of 320 × 80 pixels. The heat transfer was analyzed through 1D method. In this method, the temperature difference between both sides neglected. The local heat transfer can then be calculated from a simple differential energy balance.


The proliferation of distributed renewable energy resources and plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) have helped residential electricity consumers evolve into prosumers as they participate in the local energy market (LEM) by engaging in transactions of surplus electricity. In this system, the budget-balance problem is a frequent issue, particularly when Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG)-based mechanisms are applied to managing the two-sided nature of LEM. Although this issue could be partially addressed by manually modifying the LEM, the variance in the LEM environment needs to be better understood. This paper proposes a deep learning-based automatic mechanism design (AMD) method to improve VCG for tackling the budget-balanced two-sided LEM, as a way to avoid tedious manual adjustments. A convolutional neural network (CNN) with self-attention mechanism is constructed to extract features from biddings and to provide robust generalization capabilities for participating prosumers. The gated recurrent units (GRUs) are utilized to extend the proposed approach to the non-stationary bidding environment. This improved mechanism is targeted as efficient and incentive compatible, with the ability to keep the balance between the budget-balance and individual rationality. Case studies are conducted to demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed automatically improved mechanism and adaptive ability to various bidding environments.


The invention discloses a universal wiring switch box for an island type FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). The universal wiring switch box for the island type FPGA adopts the structural design of an octagon; the switch box internally consists of different wiring topological structures composed of leads and programmable connecting switches; the programmable connecting switches are achieved through SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) unit control transmission tubes; according to the difference of connecting targets in eight directions of the universal wiring switch box of the island type FPGA, interconnection of wire nets, configurable logic units and the wire nets and the configurable logic units can be achieved by configuring the programmable connecting switches on different topological structures inside the universal wiring switch box of the island type FPGA. By adopting the universal wiring switch box for the island type FPGA, the wiring resource consumption is reduced, and the flexibility and the wiring rate in wiring the island type FPGA are improved.


Abstract Anderson claims that the hypothesis of massive neural reuse is inconsistent with massive mental modularity. But much depends upon how each thesis is understood. We suggest that the thesis of massive modularity presented in Carruthers (2006) is consistent with the forms of neural reuse that are actually supported by the data cited, while being inconsistent with a stronger version of reuse that Anderson seems to support.


The results indicate that inflation does not significantly affect fedfunds in state 1 but that it does in state 2. The data clearly show periods of high and low volatility. We fit a two-state MSDR model to the seasonally differenced dependent variable with state-dependent variances and state-dependent coefficients on the lagged dependent variable. This model does not have a constant term, so we specify suboption noconstant in switch() after the variable with a switching coefficient.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device for, even when issuing an IC card by using an IC card issuing machine which does not have any function for managing the number of residual unissued IC cards, managing the number of residual cards.SOLUTION: An IC card issue management device 2 includes: an issuing machine DB23 for storing the number of residual unissued IC cards in association with the issuing machine number of an IC card issuing machine 3 for every card classification; and number of residual card management means 22 for, when the issuing machine number of the remotely controlled IC card issuing machine 3 and the card classification and the number of issue of the IC cards are reported from IC card issuing machine control means 21, subtracting the number of issue from the number of residual cards of the card classification associated with the issuing machine number, and for, when the issuing machine number of the IC card issuing machine 3 and the card classification and the number of supplementation of the unissued IC cards are reported from terminal equipment 4, adding the number of supplementation to the number of residual cards of the card classification associated with the issuing machine number.


The Rho‐GTPases‐activating toxin CNF1 (cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1) delivers its catalytic activity into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells by a low pH membrane translocation mechanism reminiscent of that used by diphtheria toxin (DT). As DT, CNF1 exhibits a translocation domain (T) containing two predicted hydrophobic helices (H1–2) (aa 350–412) separated by a short peptidic loop (CNF1‐TL) (aa 373–386) with acidic residues. In the DT loop, the loss of charge of acidic amino acids, as a result of protonation at low pH, is a critical step in the transfer of the DT catalytic activity into the cytosol. To determine whether the CNF1 T domain operates similarly to the DT T domain, we mutated several ionizable amino acids of CNF1‐TL to lysine. Single substitutions such as D373K or D379K strongly decreased the cytotoxic effect of CNF1 on HEp‐2 cells, whereas the double substitution D373K/D379K induced a nearly complete loss of cytotoxic activity. These single or double substitutions did not modify the cell‐binding, enzymatic or endocytic activities of the mutant toxins. Unlike the wild‐type toxin, single‐ or double‐substituted CNF1 molecules bound to the HEp‐2 plasma membrane could not translocate their enzymatic activity directly into the cytosol following a low pH pulse.


Spontaneous, counter‐current imbibition (SI) is a key mechanism in many multiphase flow processes, such as cleanup of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), bioremediation, or CO2 storage. For interpreting and upscaling laboratory SI data, and modeling and prediction purposes, scaling groups are an essential tool. The question of how to formulate a general scaling group has been debated for over 90 years. Here we propose the first scaling group that incorporates the influence of all parameters on SI that are present in the two‐phase Darcy model. The group is derived rigorously from the only known exact analytical solution for spontaneous imbibition by relating the cumulative water phase imbibed to the normalized pore volume. We show the validity of the group by applying it to 42 published SI studies for water‐oil and water‐air experiments, for a wide range of viscosity ratios, different materials, different initial water saturations, and different length‐scales. In all cases, water was the wetting phase. Our group serves as a "master equation" whose generality allows the rigorous prediction of the validity of a large number of specialized scaling groups proposed during the last 90 years. Furthermore, our results give strong evidence that the Darcy model is suitable for describing SI, and that including dynamic effects in capillary pressure is not necessary for counter‐current SI, contrary to what has been hypothesized. Two key applications of the group are discussed: First, the group can serve as the long sought after general transfer rate for imbibition used in dual‐porosity models. Second, it is the so far missing proportionality constant in imbibition‐germination models for plant seeds.


• An organization's financial performance results from decisions made by its managers and employees. • Managers and employees need operational performance metrics that are aligned with the daily decisions being made, rather than a high-level set of financial metrics that are reported on a monthly or a quarterly basis. • The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) represents a set of financial, customer, operational, and organizational metrics that capture multidimensional aspects of performance. • Using a BSC, top management can signal strategic objectives to managers and employees. Top management can then gather data that shows whether or not performance at the individual and the strategic business unit levels is aligned with the strategic objectives of the firm.


—Dr Nielsen analyzed hospitalized patients with HSP in Denmark and did not find statistical evidence of space-time clustering. In our study we identified all children given the diagnosis of HSP in a geographic area, and we described a case cluster that was clearly defined in space, time, and race/ethnicity. There are many differences between the two studies, and we agree with Dr Nielsen that there is no contradiction between the two. However, Dr Nielsen's statistical findings do not preclude the existence of a group of etiologically linked cases occurring with unusual frequency in one population subgroup during one period of time. It is this type of epidemiologic cluster that we have described. We concur with Dr Nielsen's speculation that several different infectious agents may trigger HSP. However, even if many different agents have this capability, the cluster that we investigated may still have been caused by a single agent. We


Template for Form 37--Voting Letter (Division I Proposal). Formal creditor's request to a trustee or administrator acting with respect to a stated proposal to record the creditor's response for or against the acceptance of that proposal.


It was a rapid development period of Chinese packaging design in the Republic of China, and its distinctive design style was used to highlight the distinctive style of times. The study classified the styles of packaging applying and analyzed the packaging cases, which is about the elements of packaging design in the Republic of China. It explored the innovative redesigning in contemporary packaging design, such as Calendar Art, Meishuzi, trademark and decorative patterns. This paper generalized the elements of packaging design by analysing the contemporary packaging design and provided reference in design.


The sisal fibers were treated with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)and CaSiO3 solutions. The composites were manufactured by treated fibers and polypropylene. The mass gain of treated fibers and the tensile properties of individual fibers and composites were studied. The changes of fibers with different treatment were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). The results show that the tensile properties of individual fibers and composites are increased with treatment by TEOS and CaSiO3 solutions. And the tensile strength of individual fibers is increased by 14.68% and 13.15%,respectively. The tensile module of individual fibers is increased by 16.28% and 11.22%,respectively. With the treatment of combination by TEOS and KH550 silane solutions,the tensile properties of composites are increased significantly. And the tensile strength and modulus of composites is increased by 24.05% and 58.33%,respectively.


SPRY061 System developers, especially those who are new to digital signal processors (DSPs), are sometimes uncertain whether they need to use fixedor floating-point DSPs for their systems. Both fixedand floating-point DSPs are designed to perform the highspeed computations that underlie real-time signal processing. Both feature system-ona-chip (SOC) integration with on-chip memory and a variety of high-speed peripherals to ensure fast throughput and design flexibility. Tradeoffs of cost and ease of use often heavily influenced the fixedor floating-point decision in the past. Today, though, selecting either type of DSP depends mainly on whether the added computational capabilities of the floating-point format are required by the application.


This is the authors' accepted manuscript. First published in Notices of the American Mathematical Society Volume 64 Issue 2, 2017, published by the American Mathematical Society.


topicality. In the complex treatment of patients with generalized periodontitis, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the etiology and pathogenesis of dystrophic-inflammatory periodontal diseases. Conditionally pathogenic microorganisms of the dental biofilm can exert their pathogenic effect only in case of a slight decrease in the local or systemic immune defense of the patient's body. The presence of stress has a significant impact on the resistance of the organism and, accordingly, on the development, course and treatment of periodontal diseases. This should be taken into account in the complex treatment of patients with generalized periodontitis. Considering this, a medical scheme for the preparation of patients with generalized periodontitis with the presence of psycho-emotional stress using a complex of adrenoblockers has been proposed. Aim of the study. To determine the clinical efficacy of the proposed complex of adrenoblockers in the complex treat- ment of patients with generalized periodontitis of the chronic course in the presence of psychoemotional stress. Material and methods. For this study, 40 patients were selected with a generalized chronic periodontitis with the presence of psychoemotional stress. Medicamental treatment was performed using the proposed premedication with a complex of adrenoblockers. A comprehensive survey of the condition of the periodontal tissues of patients before treatment and as soon as possible after treatment was carried out. To assess the clinical efficacy of treatment, a test of Schiller-Pisarev (1962), PMA index by C. Parma (1961), hygienic index OHI-S (1978), index PBI (H.R. Mühlemann, S. Son, 1971), periodontal index PI (A.L. Russel, 1956) were used. The level of psychological stress was assessed using the DASS-21 and Spielberger-Khanin questionnaires. results. As a result of the investigation it was found that the usage of the proposed complex of adrenoblockers in the complex therapy of patients with chronic course of generalized periodontitis with the presence of psychoemotional stress can effectively inhibit the dystrophic-inflammatory process in periodontal tissues. This confirms by the decline in the index PMA, OHI-S, РВІ, PI at nearest observation terms. conclusions. Usage of the proposed complex of adrenoblockers increases the effectiveness of treatment of chronic course of generalized periodontitis in patients with the presence of psychoemotional stress.


Diets rich in fruits or vegetables may protect against diabetes. HbA1C is a long term marker of glycemic regulation. Because diabetes risk increases with body mass index (BMI), this study examined the potential inverse association between fruit or vegetable consumption and HbA1C levels by BMI category.


"Miracle drugs" and a "humanity free of infectious diseases" owing to their use are catch phrases now relegated to the recent past. In the last 10 years there has been reported a rising percentage of bacterial isolates from clinical sources, resistant to one or more antibiotics formerly effective in eradicating them. These reports have come from several European countries and from all sections of the United States. Micrococcus pyogenes, foremost, by far, of the microorganisms displaying increased resistance, is a familiar enemy, with which many recent publications have dealt. No attempt will be made to review those numerous publications here, a considerable task which has been well done recently by McCoy. 1 The addition of a new publication to an already voluminous literature on the subject requires some justification. This is supplied by the fact that the sudden outbreak of staphylcoccal pneumonia, terminating fatally in some instances, at our hospital


A primary challenge in label prediction over a stream of continuously occurring data instances is the emergence of instances belonging to unknown or novel classes. It is imperative to detect such novel-class instances quickly along the stream for a superior prediction performance. Existing techniques that perform novel class detection typically employ a clustering-based mechanism by observing that instances belonging to the same class (intra-class) are closer to each other (cohesion) than inter-class samples (separation). While this is generally true in low dimensional feature spaces, we observe that such a property is not intrinsic among instances in complex real-world high-dimensional feature space such as images and text. In this paper, we focus on addressing this key challenge that negatively affects prediction performance of a data stream classifier. Concretely, we develop a metric learning mechanism that transforms high-dimensional features into a latent feature space to make above property holds true. Unlike existing metric learning method which only focus on classification task, our approach address the novel class detection and stream classification simultaneously. We showcase a framework along the stream to achieve larger prediction performance compared to existing state-of-the-art detection techniques while using the least amount of labeled data during detection. Extensive experimental results on simulated and real-world stream demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.


Theoretical analyses and simulatingtests on stresses in freezing pipes were carried out, andthe following results were obtained. Stresses in freezing pipes are very small during the installation of freezing pipes, so that they can be neglected. In active freezing phase, owing to thermal contraction of freezingpipes and frozen soils, and owing to frost heave of soilbody, freezing pipes are axially stretched (or compressed) and are bent towards the outside of frozensoil wall. In the last part of the active freezing phase,axial tensile stressσ1 in freezing pipes changes frompositive maximum to negative value, and the absolutevalue of σl is small; bending stress σw in freezingpipes tends to be stable, although the value of σw isnot small, but it is not harmful to the freezing pipes inexcavating--lining phase. Stresses in freezing pipes depend on the displacement of frozen soil wall duringthe excavating--lining phase. The dependence ofσl and σw on time is similar to the creep law of frozensoil wall. σw is direct proportional to the displacement of frozen soil wall. Therefore, reducing the displacement of frozen soil wall is main measure to betaken to prevent freezing pipes from fracture.


The manufacturing sector in Malaysia has been recognized as an important sector due to its significant contribution toward the nation's economic growth. This sector is the most significant contributor to total exports of the country and the second largest contributor to the gross domestic product (GDP). However, the total shares of Malaysia's manufacturing exports in the world market declined due to competitive and globalized market condition. Consequently, it is essential to investigate the factors that affect operational excellence to remain competitive and achieving excellence in the business. This study aims to examine the internal and external environmental factors that affect the operational excellence in the Malaysian SMEs manufacturing sector. The literature have demonstrated that an investigation on operational excellence lacks particularly in Malaysian SMEs sector. In addition, the impact of internal and external environmental factors on operational excellence has received little attention in the literature especially in the SMEs sector. Therefore, the conceptual model has been developed based on a comprehensive review of the previous study. This paper presents a conceptual framework that investigates the internal and external environmental factors that affect operational excellence as well as their relationship on operational excellence in the Malaysian SMEs manufacturing sector. The contribution of this paper is to identify the influence of internal and external environmental factors towards the operational excellence. Thus, this study proposed a conceptual framework for SMEs manufacturing sectors in Malaysia.


A number of anecdotal reports suggest that people have memories for incidents that happened while they were anesthetized. The present study investigated this possibility by studying an anesthetized patient's later memory for a word list. During an abdominal myomectomy, the patient was read a list of 100 unrelated words. Three subsequent memory tests were given, at 28, 53 and 82 hours after exposure. Recognition was at chance level. The results cast doubt on the suggestion that anesthetized patients have memory for events occurring while unconscious.


The goal is to determine the individual psychological characteristics of psychiatrists and drug therapists (psychiatrists-narcologists) with different professional experience. 52 psychiatrists-narcologists who are trained in additional professional education programs at the Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Northern State Medical University (Arkhangelsk, Russia), were examined. The average age was 43.9±14.2 y.o. Groups were formed depending on the length of professional experience: Group I experience of 0.5-10 years (19 people, 34 %), average age of 31.0±5.1, Group II – experience of more than 10 years (33 people, 59%), average age of 51.3±12.4 years. Methods. We used the method of diagnosing the communicative attitude of V.Boyko, the method of diagnosing the level of emotional burnout of V.Boyko, the McLean scale of organizational stress, and the SACS questionnaire "Strategies for overcoming stressful situations" by S. Hobfall.


The elastic moduli of a liquid crystalline polyesteramide (LCP) and polycarbonate/LCP in-situ composites with 10 to 80 wt% of LCP have been measured as functions of draw ratio λ from 1 to 15 by an ultrasonic method. For the LCP, the sharp rise of the axial Young's modulus E 3 and the slight decreases of the transverse Young's modulus E 1 and the axial (C 44 ) and transverse (C 66 ) shear modulus with increasing λ result from the alignment of chains along the draw direction. E,, C 44 , and C 66 follow the lower bounds calculated using the series coupling scheme of the aggregate model. Although E 3 lies close to the lower bound at low λ, it follows the upper bound calculated according to the parallel coupling scheme at λ > 3. The elastic moduli of the composites have similar draw ratio dependences as those of the LCP. The strong increase in E 3 with increasing λ arises from the higher aspect ratio of the LCP domains in the composites and the improved molecular orientation within the domains. The reinforcement effect on the other moduli is much weaker, with E 1 and C 44 of the composites only 5 to 30% higher than those of polycarbonate at λ = 15. Since C 66 of the LCP decreases to a value below that of polycarbonate at λ > 2, there is a positive reinforcement effect at low λ but a negative effect at high λ.


This paper begins with a brief introduction of the GETEME ( G roupe d' Ét ude sur l' E space dans les M usiques É lectroacoustiques - Working Group about Space in Electroacoustic Musics), followed by an overview on its past, present and future activities. A first major achievement was the completion and publication of the "vocabulary of space electroacoustic musics…", coupled with the realization of a taxonomy of space. Beyond this collection and clarification of these words in general use, it appears necessary to begin to connect words and sound. The goal of our present research is to clarify or elaborate a vocabulary (a set of specialized words) allowing to describe space perception in electroacoustic (multiphonic) musics. The issue is delicate as it deals with psychoacoustics… as well as creators' or listeners' imagination. In order to conduct this study, it was necessary to develop a battery of tests, procedures and listening collection of words describing listening space, and then counting and sorting words. The sound descriptions quickly overlap, the words coincide with the same listening situations. A consensus seemed to emerge, revealing: 5 types of spatiality and 2 types of mobility, as well as a variety of adjectives to describe or characterize spatiality or mobility. of space.


We propose a model-based predictive estimator of the finite population proportion of a misclassified binary response, when information on the auxiliary variable(s) is available for all units in the population. Asymptotic properties of the misclassification-adjusted predictive estimator are also explored. We propose a computationally efficient bootstrap variance estimator that exhibits better performance compared to usual analytical variance estimator. The performance of the proposed estimator is compared with other commonly used design-based estimators through extensive simulation studies. The results are supplemented by an empirical study based on literacy data.


Tibetan identity inside Chinese territory, despite (or because of) its elusive nature, has been one of the most fervently disputed topics within the exile community, its supporters and by the Chinese government. Although journalists and academics in different fields have also expressed their views on the issue, these tend to be highly polarised, as has often been pointed out1 – either representing a pro-China depiction of Tibetans as one of patriotic China's minorities who enjoy cultural expression and economic prosperity under a benevolent communist governance, or the pro-exile representations of Tibetans as a people whose cultural and religious identity has been thoroughly obliterated, and who passively endure Chinese repression and persecution. Whilst it is true that this ideological gap is fuelled by a lack of access to contemporary Tibet (ethnically Tibetan regions in China, particularly, TAR [Tibet Autonomous Region]) and its people, the argumentation on both sides, with the exception of a few (e.g. Barnett 2005), seems inevitably prone to oversimplification, thus failing to reflect the complex nature of Tibetan lives inside China. From a reversed perspective, it could be said that disregarding the conflicting or deviant character of contemporary Tibetan identity may be necessary if one is to sustain an unambiguous stance. In this article, I want to address the conflicting nature of Tibetan identity, by focusing on the elite Tibetan youth educated in China, their cultural experiences and national identities. The Tibetan youth I am presenting here are called Xizangban students, who are annually selected by examination from a variety of regions within the TAR and sent to interior China (Ch: Neidi) for their secondary education. This educational system is considered a significant part of the Chinese civilisation project for its minorities (e.g. Harrell 1995), but often criticised by outsiders as sheer 'assimilation' (e.g. Wang and Zhou 2003, Lafitte 2003). These young Tibetans are constantly confronted with their ethnic peculiarity and inferiority under the gaze of Han Chinese in interior China. Once they return to Tibet, they are again regarded as 'odd', this time by their fellow Tibetans. For a significant part of their youth, they are exposed to a set of conflicting and polarised values, such as Chinese/Tibetan, civilised/backward, modern/traditional


"Zhuji black plum"was infected with the disease of bacterial leaf shot hole seriously in Zhe- jiang Province. The experiment of the control was made with different ways.The result showed that clearing pathogenic organism off the orchards was more effective than spraying bactericides.The com- bination of both spraying bactericides and clearing pathogenic organism off the orchards was more ef- fective than either of them.


The effect of hyperfine interaction on the antiferromagnetic and nuclear resonance spectra in antiferromagnetic MnC03 is investigated at helium temperatures. The dependence of the AFMR line shift in a magnetic field on the NMR saturation frequency is derived. The dependence of the power required for saturating NMR on the angle between the rf magnetic field and the direction of the external magnetic field is determined. The angular dependence is found to be different for the power required for saturation of NMR and for disappearance of NMR saturation. When AFMR is employed as a detector of the temperature of the nuclear system, the spin-lattice relaxation time for the Mn55 nuclei is found to be 0.53 ± 0.1 ms. The dependence of the modified NMR spectrum on the external magnetic field is investigated for a constant nuclear temperature. The rf absorption curves are measured at high power in a magnetic field. The dependence of the power required for saturation in the nuclear system on the frequency difference of the exciting generator and the modified NMR frequency is investigated. The experimental results are discussed and compared with theory.


A bipolar transistor, using the cascade connection of a bipolar transistor and JFET to obtain high frequency and high voltage power transistors, will be discussed. Transistors with VCEO of 500V, a cutoff frequency of 80MHz and a current rating of 10-20A were fabricated.


The invention provides a display method and device of data objects, relates to the field of Internet applications and aims at solving the technical problem that actively providing corresponding recommendation services according to experience feedback of a user is not available in the prior art. The display method of the data objects is applied to an electronic terminal which is connected with a server, and the server stores a plurality of data objects. The display method of the data objects comprises obtaining an access parameter that the electronic terminal accesses the server when the electronic terminal accesses and displays at least one first data object of the plurality of data objects in the server; collecting changeable biometric characteristics of the user of the electronic terminal; determining at least one second data object from a plurality of data objects according to the changeable biometric characteristics and the access parameter; and displaying the at least one second data object. The display method and device of the data objects can improve user experience during the Internet surfing process of the user.


1988 Arecibo Observatory dual-polarization radar images are presented for Western Eisila Regio, Venus. The polarization information and Pioneer-Venus Orbiter reflectivity and altimetry data are analyzed for volcanic deposits on two 400–500 km radius constructs, Sif and Gula Montes. Many of the large effusive deposits studied appear to require superposed flows or multiple vents to explain the observed progression of roughness along their length. High Fresnel reflectivity material may be present along the summit region of Gula Mons and in an embayed tessera-like region to the N. Radar-dark units on the flanks of Sif Mons are inferred to be pyroclastic deposits, but radar-dark features near the summits of both edifices are more consistent with very smooth lava flows. Higher spatial resolution Magellan data will be useful in testing these predictions.


Social justice is the core value of the pursuit of social development, various areas throughout the society, but also directly reflects the social nature of the content. According to the historical development of Marx thought and concept of fairness in our society, in view of the present situation of Chinese on social justice in all areas of society, analyze its influencing factors, put forward to improve the fairness China society, improve social equity phenomenon Chinese suggestions, provide the basis for perfecting the related management system. The fair view of contemporary Chinese society, we have to explore the true meaning of the view of social fairness from two aspects of reality and, to provide more for the realization of socialist justice The theoretical guidance. According to the actual situation of current social and economic development of our country, the attention and Study on the issues of social justice as a difficult and serious social problem. Because social justice relates to the field of more extensive, involving all aspects of the problem become more complex and numerous, will therefore achieve fairness society is a long process.


Down syndrome (DS) is a human genetic disease caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 and characterized by early developmental brain abnormalities. Dysfunctional endosomal pathway in neurons is an early event of DS and Alzheimer's disease. Recently, we have demonstrated that exosome secretion is upregulated in human DS postmortem brains, in the brain of the trisomic mouse model Ts[Rb(12.1716)]2Cje (Ts2) and by DS fibroblasts as compared with disomic controls. High levels of the tetraspanin CD63, a regulator of exosome biogenesis, were observed in DS brains. Partially blocking exosome secretion by DS fibroblasts exacerbated a pre‐existing early endosomal pathology. We thus hypothesized that enhanced CD63 expression induces generation of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) in late endosomes/multivesicular bodies (MVBs), increasing exosome release as an endogenous mechanism to mitigate endosomal abnormalities in DS. Herein, we show a high‐resolution electron microscopy analysis of MVBs in neurons of the frontal cortex of 12‐month‐old Ts2 mice and littermate diploid controls. Our quantitative analysis revealed that Ts2 MVBs are larger, more abundant, and contain a higher number of ILVs per neuron compared to controls. These findings were further corroborated biochemically by Western blot analysis of purified endosomal fractions showing higher levels of ILVs proteins in the same fractions containing endosomal markers in the brain of Ts2 mice compared to controls. These data suggest that upregulation of ILVs production may be a key homeostatic mechanism to alleviate endosomal dysregulation via the endosomal–exosomal pathway.


To reduce the interfering among transmitters, any two 'close' transmitters, with distance no more than d2, must receive frequencies at least l2 apart, and any two 'very close' transmitters, with distance no more than d1, must receive channels at least l 1 apart. The assignment problem is to assign a frequency to each transmitter such that total bandwidth of assigned frequencies can be minimised. In this paper, we present upper and lower bounds of the minimum bandwidth of cycles and powers of cycles. We also show the corresponding assignment functions. And then we partially solve the assignment problem of cycles Cn and their powers such as: (i) 3 ≤ n ≤ 2d1+1; (ii) 2d1 + 2 ≤ n ≤ 2d2 + 1, q1 ≠ 0 and l1 ≤ m1l2; (iii) 2d1 + 2 ≤ n ≤ 2d2 + 1, q1 ≡ 1(mod m1) and l1 > m1l2; (iv) 2d1 + 2 ≤ n ≤ 2d2 + 1, q1 = 0 and l1 ≥ (m1 + d1 − 1)l2 or l1 ≤ (m1 − 1)l2; (v) n ≥ 2d2 + 2 and l1 ≤ ⌊(d2 + ⌊q2/m2⌋)/(d1 + 1)⌋l2; and (vi) n ≥ 2d2 + 2, q1 ≡ 1(mod m1), and l1 > m1l2, where n = mi(di + 1) + qi and 0 ≤ qi ≤ di.


A camera assembly device of a robot and a shooting and tracking method thereof. By constructing a camera assembly device (6) comprising a device main body (7), a drive mechanism, a laser ranging scanning sensor (1), a signal transceiving device and a power source device, automatically recognizing and sensing abnormality of the outside by means of voice control or artificial intelligence of a robot, the device main body (7) is able to leave the robot main body together with a camera (4) and move to a designated location, to automatically move and track a suspicious person and/or object, capture enough information, and save shot video information or send same to an owner. By means of the camera assembly device and shooting and tracking method thereof, the purpose of enabling the device main body (7) to leave the robot main body together with the camera (4) to better complete the tracking and shooting in a narrow region can be achieved, and the robot main body is automatically found and automatically mounted to the original location after completing the operation task, thereby facilitating implementation and effectively improving the efficiency of tracking and shooting of the robot.


ABSTRACT Six novel phenyl-tolane type liquid crystals based on 5,6-dihydro-4 H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene core were designed and synthesised by Sonogashira coupling reactions in high yields. Two reference compounds were then used to clarify the effects of this new core on the mesomorphic behaviours and physical properties of phenyl-tolane type mesogens and found that these new core-based mesogens possessed wider mesophase ranges. Both the birefringence (Δn) and dielectric anisotropy (Δε) values were increased after the employment of this new core, offering an alternative option for the design and synthesis of high-performance phenyl-tolanes. The geometry, ultraviolet absorption, polarisability (α) and dipole moment (μ) of two representative compounds and their references were calculated by density functional theory to correlate the structure–property relationship of the new mesogens. The calculated energy minimum structures of the new mesogens showed well linearity and the molecular length/width ratio was increased, which would benefit the formation of the nematic phase. The orders of the calculated polarisability (α) and dipole moment (μ) of two representative compounds and their references were in accordance with the sequences of the measured birefringence (Δn) and dielectric anisotropy (Δε) values, respectively, which might shed light on the correlation between microscopic molecular structure and macroscopic physical properties. Graphical Abstract


This study analyzed internet strategies employed by US companies in the North American, European, and Asian markets to explore whether they can be used to explain differences in companies' regional business performance.


Objective: To investigate the feasibility of establishmene of a reliable jugular vein-carotid artery transplantation rat model,and observe the pathological features of the vein grafts.Methods: The jugular vein-carotid artery transplantation model of SD rat was established by cuff technique.Grafts were harvested at 1 d,7 d,and 21 d,respectively,and underwent morphometric analysis by HE staining.The thickness of intimal media hyperplasia was measured by Digimizer image analysis software.Results: Eighteen vein graft animal models were established successfully.There were two rats died,and vein graft thrombosis at one animal.The overall success rate was 83.3%.The intimal media thickness of vein graft was(48.47 ± 11.28) μm after 1 d and increased to(66.05 ± 19.1) μm after 7 d,and increased to(300.44 ± 181.54) μm after 21 d(?字2 = 125.2,P 0.01),and comparison between any two has a significant difference.Conclusion: The cuff technique of estabilish ment of vein graf model was simple and with high successful rate.The model can replicate the pathophysiology of human vein graft procedure exactly,consequently be widely used in experimental studies for human vein graft diseases.


A look at how risk-based inspection (RBI) can help pipeline operators to focus on the areas of higher risk and identify actions to reduce overall risk exposure. The authors describe how this approach reduces the total scope and cost of maintenance and inspection activities in a structured and justifiable way.


Spruce grouse (Canachites canadensis subspp.) are hunted in Maine, Montana, Idaho, Washington, Alaska, and all Canadian provinces and territories except Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Three provinces and one state have estimated total harvests of the species: (1) in Manitoba, the average harvest was 1,741 per year (range 322-3,792) in 17 open seasons, 1935-58; (2) Saskatchewan took 3,858-9,634 (average 6,106) during 1952-58; (3) British Columbia estimated a harvest of 17,00049,000 spruce grouse per year (average 30,000) for 1951-56; (4) in Montana, the take for 1958-61 was estimated at 11,506-27,018 (average 19,309). No estimate is available of the total harvest in Ontario, but some data on sex and age ratios for 1957-62 are presented. Young grouse were taken at the ratio of 2.5-7.3 (average 4.1) per adult female. Differential coloration of breast feathers in males and females and the longer, blacker tails of most males serve to distinguish the sexes. In autumn, differential molt pattern of remiges may allow age determination of spruce grouse. In spring, old males of the subspecies C. c. franklini may be distinguished from young males by the broad white tips on the upper tail coverts. All these techniques need further testing. At present, spruce grouse seem to be managed on the basis of scantier factual knowledge than are other North American tetraonids. Letters were written to most states and provinces throughout the broad, coast-to-coast range of the species. Only British Columbia, Montana, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba could contribute data on the number, and only Ontario and Montana on the sex and age, of spruce grouse taken by hunters. No game agencies have undertaken serious study of these grouse, although a long-term study of spruce grouse populations and biology is to be started in 1963 by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. SURVEY OF HUNTING REGULATIONS Spruce grouse may be hunted legally in eight provinces of Canada, in the Yukon and Northwest Territories, and in five states (Table 1). Open seasons are generally the same as for other forest grouse in each administrative unit. Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Nova Scotia provide year-round protection for the few spruce grouse within their borders. The species is extinct in Prince Edward Island. DETERMINING SEX AND AGE BY PLUMAGE CHARACTERISTICS


Internet Corporation for Assigned Numbers ans Names' (ICANN) Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) was intended to provide a competitive method for resolving domain name disputes. This article identifies several possible ways in which providers of such dispute resolution services could compete against each other and examines the impact of such competitive behaviour upon the market for domain name disputes. It posits that ICANN's original goals set out during the establishment of the UDRP may not have been fully achieved due to the responses of providers to such market forces and suggests avenues for further research.


Palm oil is a highly efficient feedstock for biofuels production, but at what cost? And what are the future prospects? Mark Rowe explains.