Extensive research has focused on children's pitch perception. We know that young children often fail to discriminate high and low pitch and up and down melodic direction (Hair, 1987b; Van Zee, 1976; Webster & Schlentrich, 1982; White, Dale, & Carlsen, 1990). We also know that children can express their pitch perception better through nonverbal responses than through verbal ones (Hair, 1987b; Scott, 1977; Van Zee, 1976; Webster & Schlentrich, 1982). In fact, when asked to explain the difference between high and low sounds, children often refer to loudness rather than pitch (Andrews and Dehil, 1970; Hair, 1981; 1987b; McMahon, 1982), and it seems that the terms children confuse most often are those related to pitch (Van Zee, 1976). Thus, nonverbal, performance-based responses seem to be used more naturally by young children and might be a more accurate means of measuring their understanding of pitch (Hair, 1987a, 1987b; Webster & Schlentrich, 1982). Although children's descriptions of pitch are usually inaccurate, little is known about the causes of their difficulty in labeling high and low sounds. It has been suggested that the English pitch labels "high" and "low" are confusing because they have multiple meanings (Costa-Giomi & Descombes, 1996; Flowers & Costa-Glomi, 1991; McMahon, 1982). These terms are associated not only with pitch, but also with space and volume. A few studies that investigated this prob-


An efficient integration scheme is proposed for calculating weakly singular and near-singular potential integrals over planar triangles, with an essential improvement over the original polar integration. The reason for the problem of slow convergence of polar integration is revealed according to some careful investigations. A new technique of smoothing integrand based on variable transformation is presented to guarantee the smoothness of the integral kernel, which results in much faster convergence than that of the polar integration. Some numerical results are given to demonstrate the capability of our proposed scheme for achieving high accuracy as well as rapid convergence rate in several numerical experiments.


CMOS circuits implementing an analog neural network (ANN) with on-chip deterministic Boltzmann learning (DBL) and capacitive synaptic weight storage have been designed, fabricated, and tested. Weights are refreshed by periodic repetition of the training data. The circuits were used to build a 12-neuron, 132-synapse ANN that performed well in a variety of learning experiments, including a 36-input to 4-output mapping problem. Adaptive systems such as those described here can compensate for imperfections in the components from which they are constructed and therefore can be built using simple silicon area-efficient analog circuits. The test results indicate that deterministic Boltzmann ANNs can be implemented efficiently using analog CMOS circuitry. >


What's an evil man look like? The regular chirrup of crickets punctured the stillness of the afternoon. The air sagged with dull heaviness. Perhaps it held rain. The singing of a distant chorale wove its way through the narrative fabric of this sultry afternoon with the sinuousness of an eel through water. And somewhere far away, beyond description, three rosellas took flight.


Introduction: Toothbrush and toothpaste remain the mainstay of oral health measure. There are numerous factors that influence the choice of consumers to trade their toothbrush. Actual factors relating the use and purchase of manual toothbrush among consumers are under research. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the attributes that influence the selection of manual toothbrush among an urban population to maintain their oral health. Materials and Methods: This survey was carried out among 1000 participants aged 18 or above and those who visited business malls, departmental stores, and cooperative society stores in Chennai city using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of questions related to the various aspects of manual toothbrush head, bristle, handle, price, color, bristle texture, brand, etc. along with toothbrush brand with multiple choices at which the consumers wished to trade. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression were used. Results: The average age of the participants was 37.48 ± 14.85 years. Participants with higher education, professional employment, and with higher income had higher odds of selecting the conventional designed, diamond headed manual toothbrush, with slip prevention handle and preferred them purchasing at price of greater than Rs. 40. Conclusion: The study results point out the role of education, occupation, and income of consumers playing an important role in selecting the toothbrush of their choice.


The Barber Institute of Fine Arts is acknowledged as one of the finest small art galleries in Europe. It has a richly resourced library which functions both as a curatorial library for the Barber's curators and as part of the University of Birmingham's network of site libraries. Students of art history thus benefit from the combined resources of a specialist art gallery library and a major university library. The Barber also houses a visual resources library, music library and coin study room.


Objective To investigate the correlation between the polymorphism at-159 locus in CD14 gene and asthma and its impact upon plasm IgE level.Methods 100 asthma subjects and 100 control subjects were chosen.DNA was isolated from the blood.Polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) techniques were used to determine-159 locus polymorphism,and plasm IgE level were tested by ELISA.Results The distribution of C and T alleles of-159 are significantly different between the two group,(χ2=7.61,0.01),C allele is associated with asthma.(OR (C/T)=1.77,95% CI=1.178-2.643,P0.01) The genetype (CC,CT and TT) distribution was also significantly different between two groups (χ2=7.651,P0.01);in each group,subjects with C allele has higherIgE level than subjects without C allele,asthma group has higher IgE level than control group with same genetype.Conclusion The-159 polymorphism of CD14 gene may be associated with asthma.C allele is associated with higher IgE level.


The present article works about the competences paradigm of the competences in the superior education, making an exploratory route of the conception and defi nition of the competence term and since different visions, that defi ne a diverse classes of competences and tendencies for the labor and educative fi elds. With it, we are looking an approach to the following questions: ?What is a competence? ?What is an academic competence? ?What is a labor competence?, ?Which are the attributes of the competence? ?Which are the evidences that demonstrate the competences? ?Which are the comparison indicators of the performance? ?Which is the competitive advantage with the use of the competences?, among others.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device and a method of automatically controlling a boiler and a boiler system suitable for exhibiting energy saving effects by an inverter while maintaining control performance of conventional technologies, in the device of automatically controlling the boiler for controlling a flow rate or pressure of air or combustion gas within the boiler to a specified value. SOLUTION: The method of automatically controlling the boiler is used for detecting physical quantity of fluid sent to inside of the boiler, preparing a physical quantity command to control the physical quantity of the fluid to a specified value, calculating a deviation between the physical quantity of the fluid and the physical quantity command, and controlling the fluid quantity based on the deviation. When the deviation is lower than a predetermined value, the physical quantity of the fluid is controlled at a higher change ratio, compared to when the deviation is higher than the predetermined value. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT


Town's administrative zones are the microcosmic bases of local government's organization system. The adjustment of town's administrative zones is carried out under the condition of the transformation of government function, the development of urbanization and the improvement of traffic and communications, which aids in the alleviation of finance and farmers' burden, promotes the reforms of town's institution and accelerates the development of local economy. Perfect conceptions of direction and basic principles must be established and the feasible measures be taken so as to boost the adjustment of town's administrative zones step by step.


This paper examines the effect of TMT's pay gap on firm performance by analzing data of China's listed firms during 2005-2010.The empirical results show that there is an inverse U shape relationship between TMT's inside/outside pay gap and firm performance.Specifically,both TMT's inside and outside pay gap has a positive effect on firm performance before TMT's inside/outside pay gap reach a cut point.After this cut point,both TMT's inside and outside pay gap has a negative effect on firm performance.


Study on relative toxicity of different insecticides/ herbicides on grubs and adults of Zygogramma bicolorata revealed that chlorpyriphos 0.05 per cent, atrazine 1 kg a.i. per ha, thiomethoxam 0.005 per cent, glyphosate 1 kg a.i. per ha, metribuzin 1 kg a.i. per ha and imidacloprid 0.005 per cent were most toxic to the grubs and adults. Endosulfan 0.075 per cent were moderately toxic to the grubs and adults and dimethoate 0.03 per cent was found moderately toxic to the adults. Moreover, 2, 4-D sodium salt 1 kg a.i. per ha was found to be least toxic to the larvae and adults of Z. bicolorata .


This paper gives a description of a fatigue analysis method based on the S-N curve and crack propagation method. The presentation of the method is based on an .?,pplicatio"to a practical example, taken from Shipbuilding, i.e., the analysis of details of membrane LNG carriers of the Gaz Transport system type. The paper, after a general presentation of the method, gives an analysis of the loads and computer calculations performed, to obtain stress levels It also presents the way that s-N c"r"es a"d the necessary parameters for cumulatiw damage have been defined and give the results of Miner sum for two particular membrane details.


Bone resorption that occurs in tissue culture under the action of parathyroid hormone or of other agents is accompanied by an increased synthesis and the excretion of a number of lysosomal acid hydrolases. This excretion correlates well with the progress of resorption. The hypothesis has been advanced that these enzymes, together with the acid (particularly lactic and citric acid) that is simultaneously released by the explants, play a role in the destruction of the bone matrix in the resorption lacunae.'If this is true, calcitonin, which inhibits bone resorption,5'2 should interfere either with the excretion or with the extracellular action of these agents. The present experiments were done to investigate this possibility.


Summary Alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum of 41 pigs was studied at 1, 2, 7, 14 and/or 28 days post-partum. Individual values were highly variable both within and between litters. Activity generally, but not always, decreased after birth. Negative values of .53 and .33 were obtained when serum phosphatase activity was correlated with body weight and serum protein concentration, respectively. Storage of serum at 5°C for 18 hours significantly increased phosphatase activity. Serum collected at 1, 7 or 14 days post-partum significantly decreased in phosphatase activity during 5 weeks of storage at −20°C.


Objective To analyze the risk factors for influencing stroke recurrence in the communities of rural and urban fringe of Shanghai.Methods A total of 892 patients with stroke in community residents,who met the inclusion criteria,were surveyed in 3 communities(Tongpu,Kangqiao and Hangtou) of rural and urban fringe of Shanghai from January 2012 to December 2012.Among them 480 patients had a history of stroke recurrence(recurrence stroke group) and 412 did not have a history of stroke recurrence(first-ever stroke group).A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was used to collect the data,such as the patients' general conditions,common risk factors for stroke,blood pressure control,drug secondary prevention,and rehabilitation treatment,etc.Results Univariate analysis showed that the rates of the patients with hypertension,coronary heart disease,atrial fibrillation,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,and BMI ≥ 24 in the recurrence stroke group were higher than those in the first-ever stroke group.The differences were statistically significant(P 0.05 or P 0.01),while the rates of the patients whose systolic pressure was controlled less than 140 mm Hg,who taking blood-activating and stasis-eliminating drugs regularly,and who underwent rehabilitation treatment were lower than those in the first-ever stroke group.The differences were statistically significant(P 0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR = 1.032,95% CI 1.015 to 1.050),hypertension(OR = 2.782,95.0% CI 1.812 to 4.271),coronary heart disease(OR = 1.654,95% CI 1.138 to 2.404),diabetes(OR = 1.803,95% CI 1.200 to 2.709),and BMI ≥ 24(OR = 1.438,95% CI 1.074 to 1.926) were the risk factors for affecting stroke recurrence,while the rehabilitation treatment was a protective factor for stroke recurrence(OR = 0.832,95% CI 0.696 to 0.996;P 0.05 or P 0.01).Conclusions The secondary prevention of stroke in communities should strengthen the treatment and control of the independent influencing factors including hypertension,coronary heart disease,diabetes,over-weight or obesity.Rehabilitation treatment may reduce the risk of stroke recurrence.


This paper studies creep, fatigue and creep-fatigue interaction properties of several ferritic steels such as conventional Mod. 9Cr-1Mo, 9-12Cr-2W steels, newly produced boron- or palladium-added 9Cr-3W steels, high strength oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steels, and a precipitation hardening carbon-free martensitic steel. From the tests, two conclusions were derived to improve the creep-fatigue interaction strength. One is to have high creep ductility, and second is to decrease plastic strain of cyclic deformation by ultra high strengthening. From a viewpoint of evaluation of the creep-fatigue life, the analysis by ductility normalized strainrange partitioning method explained well the effects of creep ductility and strength of the materials on the creep-fatigue interaction.


for the provision universal access to information for all citizens in order to improve their levels and productivity in education, science and technology, health, culture, entertainment, and in other activities. In addition the policy calls for the reduction and, eventually, elimination all regional asymmetries and the differences between urban and rural areas, and between the various segments of society, as regards access to development opportunities. To these ends, the Government has officially allocated 5% of the country's gross domestic product to telecommunications development. While, in terms of developing countries, this is a substantial commitment, with an average GDP per capita last year (2006) estimated at only US$378, this represents expenditure per person of less than US$19 a year. Perhaps because of this, however, Mozambique's Government has been more open than those in many other African countries to the deployment of unconventional "shoestring" technologies. Two highly successful FMFI initiatives have been spearheaded by the Mozambique Information and Communication Technology Institute. MICTI is a training and research organisation supported by the Ministry of Science & The telecentre in Mozambique's Manhica District.


Based on the Navier-Stokes equation in CFD,the aerodynamic interaction flow fields between the paralleled twin and triple blades are simulated to investigate the aerodynamic interaction mechanism between the helicopter rotor blades in hover.Furthermore,the aerodynamic interaction flow fields of rotor blades in hover are respectively simulated in the case of two kinds of balde number,two kinds of attack angle and two kinds of Mach number to compare and analyze their influence on the aerodynamic performance and interaction.Some valuable conclusions are given for the engineering practice.


An arithmetic unit of the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) plays a significant role in performing arithmetic operations. Most of the recent arithmetic units are implemented based on floating point (FLP) or fixed point (FXP) systems. However, the multiplication and division operation of FLP and FXP systems have some restriction in offering the best performance on speed and area compared to their excellent performance of their addition and subtraction operations. Hence, the hybrid arithmetic unit is an option to offer as it combines the strength of the FXP system for the addition and subtraction operation and logarithmic number system (LNS) for the multiplication and division operation. LNS has the advantage in performing multiplication and division function by substituting these operations into FXP addition and subtraction respectively. Hence, this work presented an 8-bit hybrid arithmetic unit design that performs on four main arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The multiplication and division operations are carried out under LNS by utilizing the Mitchell algorithm, while the addition and subtraction functions are conducted in FXP system. Both hybrid and FXP arithmetic unit are designed with suitable adders, multiplexers and combinational logics. Both arithmetic units are compared in terms of various hardware parameters such as area, cell, timing and power. Both designs are described in Verilog hardware description language (HDL) and functionally simulated and verified using the ModelSim software. The design were then been synthesized using the Synopsys Design Compiler in 0.13 µm TSMC technology. The synthesis results had proven that the designed hybrid arithmetic unit offers better performance compared to FXP arithmetic unit as it produced smaller area, higher speed, less timing and lower power consumption than the FXP arithmetic unit. As a conclusion, the hybrid arithmetic unit is more efficient and profitable than the solely used FXP arithmetic unit.


Household savings behavior in China during the past 30 years has been studied by using econometric models with the time-varying-parameter technique. The rural sector and the urban sector are investigated separately. In comparison to previous studies on the same subject, the estimated models of the current study are more robust, and the results of the models are much more in line with results of similar studies of other countries.


This paper examines existing and potential applications of navigation technology to motor vehicles that operate primarily upon streets and highways. Applications are described and representative systems approaches are outlined in three broad categories; driver information, traffic management, and fleet management. Driver information systems include those that develop and present navigation information in various forms to aid the driver in reaching the desired destination. The traffic management category includes navigation systems that consider real-time traffic conditions in determining optimum routes and, consequently, contribute to the overall improvement of traffic flow. Fleet management applications include automatic vehicle location monitoring systems (which do not necessarily provide navigation information to vehicle drivers) as well as systems which provide routing or step-by-step route guidance. The most comprehensive fleet management applications of vehicular navigation may also include command and control functions.


Fuzzy decision trees are one of the most important extensions of decision trees for symbolic knowledge acquisition by fuzzy representation. Many fuzzy decision trees employ fuzzy information gain as a measure to construct the tree node splitting criteria. These criteria play a critical role in the construction of decision trees. However, many of the criteria can only work well on small‐scale or medium‐scale data sets, and cannot directly deal with large‐scale data sets on the account of some limiting factors such as memory capacity, execution time, and data complexity. Parallel computing is one way to overcome these problems; in particular, MapReduce is one mainstream solution of parallel computing. In this paper, we design a parallel tree node splitting criterion (MR‐NSC) based on fuzzy information gain via MapReduce, which is completed equivalent to the traditional unparallel splitting rule. The experimental studies verify the equivalency between the proposed MR‐NSC algorithm and the traditional unparallel way through 22 UCI benchmark data sets. Furthermore, the feasibility and parallelism are also studied on two large‐scale data sets.


Aim:To analyze the manifestation,diagnosis and therapy in the syphilitic patients with central nervous system abnormalities.Methods:Study manifestation,abnormality of serum,CSF MRI,and response to therapy in 14 cases of syphilis with neurological symptoms and signs retrospectively.Results:According to the findings(including cell counts,total protein and titer of the TPPA and RPR test of CSF),6 and 3 diagnosis were proven and suspected respectively;5 cases were excluded neurosyphilis.Among 14 patients obtained standard therapy,10 patients (including 5 proven, 2 suspectable neurosyphilis and 3 cases without neurosyphilis )were effective,while 2 cases failed and 1 case died.The rate of transformation from positive to negative of TPRA test in serum and CSF is lower than that of RPR test.MRI abnormalities occurred in 3 neurosyphilis patients and improved gradually after treatment.Conclusion:RPR test and examination of the CSF in pateents of syphilis with neurological symptoms and signs are necessary.


The research is faced with secondary language learning among different individuals, which focuses more on learning strategies. Based on this viewpoint, this research has investigated 112 different individuals in the form of questionnaire, in order to predicate whether personality affects secondary language learning outcome or not. According to the research, students account for the largest proportion, whose age period are from 20 to 35. In other words, the paper showed the biggest rate of informants, college students in recent years. It is discovered that more than half of participants agree with the point that personality has an influence on secondary language learning. Take attitude for example, approximately 80% of them are positive about solving their problems that they are faced with during the learning process. The paper adopts the analysis of the link between personality and secondary language learners and discourse analysis to deeper understanding of positive and negative transfer among different learners. The result showed such an answer: it is not just personality is correlated to secondary language learning, a number of external factors is linked with learning outcome, especially in positive transfer in language learning . In consequence, except personality from the perspective of learning strategies, researches that linked with external factors are still in the long run, such as teaching methods, learning atmosphere and the status of language.


Abstract Little is known about the Ornate Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin macrospilota) from the Big Bend region of Florida (Wakulla, Jefferson, Taylor, and Dixie counties), and only 12 museum specimens from this area are known. We surveyed for this ecologically significant coastal species from the St. Marks River south for approximately 135 km to the Suwannee River in order to identify populations, locate and assess nesting habitats, create distribution maps for the species, and offer management recommendations to improve terrapin conservation in the Big Bend region. Using modified crab pots, head counts, and land surveys, we documented 37 new site records for Ornate Diamondback Terrapins. We captured 5 live terrapins, and recorded 5 heads, 6 intact nests, 16 crawls, terrapin material from 48 individuals, and 453 depredated terrapin nests. This survey documents the importance of the Big Bend region as significant habitat for this imperiled species. Managers should evaluate proposed development projects along this coastline for potential impacts to terrapin habitat and populations. We also recommend continued surveys of potential Diamondback Terrapin habitat along the Gulf coast of Florida so that additional populations can be located. We suggest that field studies commence at the terrapin population centers/nesting sites that we identified at Big Grass Island and vicinity, islands at the mouth of the Suwannee River, and areas surrounding the mouths of both the Steinhatchee and St. Marks rivers.


Today the use of duplex stainless steel as a construction material for chemical industry is very widespread [1]. Toyo Engineering Corp. (TEC) has successfully used a duplex stainless steel in own urea process since early 1970s, and has again selected an advanced type duplex stainless steel, DP12, for a stripper of ACES process [2]. The stripper is the most crucial equipment in the urea plant in terms of corrosiveness of fluid and severity of operating condition as well as mechanical design conditions, and it is essentially important to ensure the structural integrity of the stripper throughout the life cycle of a plant. This paper deals with an inspection and maintenance history over the eight-years operation of the stripper of ACES plant focusing on a long term monitoring of wall thickness of DP12 tubes using eddy current technique. A special probe applicable to duplex stainless steel has been developed, and has comprehensively measured the wall thickness of the stripper tubes at every shut down maintenance, SDM, in order to establish an effective and reliable inspection program of the stripper of ACES process. As a result, it has been demonstrated that an eddy current technique with the special probe can measure efficiently the wall thickness as well as its profile along the tube length. In addition, it has been revealed that corrosion rate of the tubes is marginally low, and the expected tube life fairly covers the original design life of the stripper.


The number of neurotoxicants which produce 'lesions' in organotypic brain reaggregate cultures in vitro, which correlate with known in vivo actions, is growing. With respect to cholinergic neurones, this includes kainic acid, organophosphorus compounds and, in our hands, ethylcholine mustard aziridinium (ECMA) and aluminium. We have demonstrated that in vitro exposure to low concentrations of ECMA (12.5μM) produces a two-stage lesion in rat whole-brain reaggregate cultures, corresponding to initial direct inhibition of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), followed by a later loss of cholinergic neurones. Higher concentrations of ECMA (25–50μM) are more generally cytotoxic and also cause lesions in non-cholinergic cerebellar granule neurones in monolayer culture. Aluminium (0.1–0.01mM) similarly reduces ChAT activity in rat whole-brain reaggregate cultures. Both agents may be useful in providing brain cholinergic lesions in vitro analagous to those occurring in types of dementia in vivo. The use of brain reaggregates in a 'stepwise' procedure for testing potential neurotoxicants is also described.


Background/Objectives: Heterogeneous wireless networks are converging towards an all-IP network as part of the socalled next-generation network. In this paradigm, different access technologies need to be interconnected; thus, vertical handovers or vertical handoffs are necessary for seamless mobility. In this paper, we prepare a review of existing vertical handover decision-making mechanisms that aim to provide ubiquitous connectivity to mobile users. Methods/Statistical Analysis: To offer a systematic comparison, we categorize these vertical handover mechanisms based on TCP/IP layers. Subsequently, we evaluate several vertical handover decision-making mechanisms in the literature and compare them according to their advantages and limitations. Results/Findings: The paper compares the algorithms based on the network selection methods, flexibility and complexity of the technologies used. We find that the deployment of crosslayer architecture as a handover trigger and then performs handover accordingly with multi-path transmission can reduce packet losses around the handover. Conclusion/Application: The cross layer design approach seems to be a best solution for attaining seamless service continuity in order to facilitate seamless connectivity.


MOURANT (1957), when introducing a review on the current state of knowledge and codification of the Rh system, stated, "It is ... not to be expected that it will be easy, or even possible, to devise a notation which will cover the serological and genetical facts completely and at the same time simply." Recognizing the inherent complexities as well as the limitations of available data, the present report employs terms of A. S. Wiener (1954a, 1954b, 1958) and A. E. Mourant (1957) to describe data pertaining to an Rh antiserum, Ba, and its reactions with a common Rh blood factor that has not thus far been designated.


Tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) based biosensors are becoming prominent as a good electronic device for label-free biomolecules detection. This paper presents a review of different structures of the TFET based biosensors. The basic idea behind the concept of label-free detection of biomolecules is the conversion of biological events to the electrical signals. These biological events include the biomolecules, which can be detected by two approaches, namely gating effect and dielectric modulation. Biomolecules are categorized as charged and neutral biomolecules. For the detection of these charged/neutral biomolecules various biosensor structures based on TFET have been adopted. Therefore, this paper provides a brief summary on different TFET based biosensors for label-free detection of biomolecules. This paper also shows that TFETs are found as the promising candidate for biosensor application.


This research examines how an instructional intervention helped undergraduate college students develop intercultural competence in the context of a regular travel and tourism undergraduate university course. The rationale for this instructional intervention is based on the need for intercultural-competent individuals in the travel and tourism industry. The instructional intervention, called a scaffolding case study, created metacognitive stimuli to promote the students' intercultural competence development. The results show that when using the scaffolding case study, the number of students who showed intercultural competence development increased and their levels of intercultural competence increased as well. These outcomes reinforce the understanding among researchers that intercultural competence is not innate, that it must be learned. This study contributes to the literature on authentic learning pedagogy effectiveness as intercultural competence education is wanting in American travel and tourism curricula. The final conclusion of this research is that travel and tourism departments in higher education institutions must incorporate effective intercultural competence education in their programs to prepare their students for the challenges of the 21st century.


The paper aims at identifying the connection between the target domain and the source domain (represented by the PARTS OF MECHANISM, MECHANISM REPAIR, MECHANISM ACTIVATION). The author uses continuous sampling method, as well as methods of conceptual and component analysis, in order to elicit multiple target domains and the mapping principle. The sentences under research (512 metaphorical expressions) were taken from various British and American popular science journals on Biology. The author considers the key works written in the field of conceptual metaphor (G. Lakoff, E. Maccormac), linguistic picture of the world (D. Berdnikova, S. Dracheva), written by the Russian linguists. The theoretical analysis is finished by a review of the works in the sphere of the popular science and scientific discourses and the place of metaphor in them (O. Desyukevich, S. Chistyukhina, E. Mazyar, E. Mityukova). In the course of the material description the author has drawn some conclusions about the way the English conceptualize biological processes. It is important to note that most frequently the metaphorical meaning is a broader, more general one, whereas in other cases, it alternatively makes the object or a process more specific, or it can have a completely opposite meaning. Molecule, cell, bacteria, fungi and viruses serve as target domains, which can be explained by the immense significance of the processes that lay the "foundation" of human life. A very extensive metaphorical thesaurus of the mechanism conceptual domain is indicative of this conceptual domain being well-structured. It is worthy of note that the lexemes with the denotational meaning of stopping are barely present in the research which means that the described genes, molecules and cells are doing a never-ceasing job of maintaining life on earth.


The ideas of intuitionistic fuzzy translation in INKI's in INK-algebras are presented. The view of intuitionistic fuzzy extensions (IF_ E) and (IF_ M) intuitionistic fuzzy multiplications of fuzzy INK-ideals per more than a few related assets are examined. As well, the associations sandwiched between IF_ translations, IF_ E and IF_ M of IF_ INKIs are studied.


In this paper, an adaptive-subband-based Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) cancellation method for VDSL systems is developed. The use of subband adaptive IIR notch filter with a specific developed excision algorithm offers a solution in low Interference to Signal Ratio (ISR) environment. The division of a fullband problem into several subbands improves the tracking ability of the Fullband Adaptive Notch Filter (FANF) in low ISR, since the noise variance is reduced in each subband and offers faster convergence speed, due to decimation. In this paper, we compare the performances of the subband method with the classical fullband method using the normalized-stochastic-algorithm-based IIR Adaptive Notch Filter (ANF).


Fluorosubstituted organic carbonates, especially mono-, di-, tri and tetrafluorofluoroethylene carbonates can be applied as water-removing agent or to remove other liquid or solid contaminants, for example, grease and dust. Preferably, transport tanks or storage tanks are treated which are used to store the respective fluorinated carbonates for use as additive of lithium ion batteries.


In the work the partially invariant solution of the rank 2 defect 0 on four-dimensional subalgebra is constructed. The motion of allocated volume of gas is described. The motion of sound surface is constructed, where the velocity of particles is equal to sound velocity. The motion of the sound characteristics and conoid is described. The solution specifies gas motion from the whole space towards the straight line for negative time (collapse) and from the line to the whole space for positive time (source). For infinitely large absolute time values the motion is subsonic everywhere. The sound surface moves from infinitely distant points towards the straight line. It is shown, that the sound characteristics and conoid points move towards the sound surface.


On the basis of the Infantes–Motherwell classification of water clusters in organic hydrates and graph theory, topologies of 2-homeohedral 2-isogonal nets with tetra- and hexagonal cycles were derived. The implication on the structure of water layers in a crystal is discussed.


Pervasive computing is also called ubiquitous computing, intelligent spaces, adaptive environment, disappearing computer, and ambient intelligence. It comprises of embedded intelligence (μC or μP), connectivity (network: wired/wireless), and the means to interact (applications and services). The world of pervasive computing is here now! In 5 years time, a product that cannot interact will probably be out of date. Most products have a design cycle of 3 or more years. Don't design them to be obsolete. (5 pages)


Language skills depend on the meaning of words and the knowledge of the subject/context. The meanings of words that shape the true understanding of contexts are needed to experience language as a real-life activity. College students in Saudi Arabia struggle to develop desired proficiency in the English language that is required to further advance in their academic endeavours. It has been observed that even the minimum vocabulary level is far to be realised as reality, which consequently has posed a challenge for the various stakeholders to find the most effective strategies for Saudi learners. The present study tries to unfold the basic components which are needed to be in order first before considering the other related factors. In this study, a total of 85 male and female students were asked first appear for the vocabulary test, required to assess if they have achieved their desired levels. Their academic achievement in the specialised vocabulary course and their achievement in the standardised test have been compared with their strategies for language learning. The differences in the responses of the high achievers and the low achievers observed and found that high achievers give importance to all the strategies equally well, whereas the low achievers just focus on meta-cognitive and memory strategies. The results open up new dimensions for the teachers as well as the learners to choose and implement the best practices suited as per their academic and non-academic needs. Besides this, the other stakeholders like material developers, curriculum designers, educators and trainers will also have a macro picture of inside and outside of classrooms so that they could narrow down on the associated elements (motivation, learners' autonomy, socio-cultural contexts etc.).


Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a paradoxical response to certain anesthetic drugs in which muscle is stimulated sufficiently to produce a fatal hypermetabolic response, with a consequent rise in body temperature. Porcine MH occurs most often in breeds and strains of pigs that are known to be susceptible to a variety of different forms of stress, including transport, fighting, restraint, and hot weather; under these conditions, they develop tachycardia, tachypnea. cyanosis, increase in muscle tone, and high temperature. Many die from the porcine stress syndrome, which accounts for a substantial economic loss to the pig industry.' In addition, stress-susceptible pigs produce poor-quality meat, with an increased loss of water that spoils the appearance in the shop and also represents a serious economic loss.? The rapidity of muscle glycolysis, more specificially, the mechanisms responsible for triggering it, provides a link among the problems of poor meat quality, stress susceptibility, and MH in pigs. In man, MH is a rare but often fatal sequel of anesthesia that usually occurs quite unexpectedly in apparently healthy * The true incidence in man is not known, and because little information can be collected at the time of the crises, the picture of human MH is still confused and not well understood. The information that has been gathered suggests that the syndrome is essentially the same in man as in susceptible breeds of pigs. The fact that the syndrome can be produced more or less to order in pigs explains why much more is known about many aspects of porcine MH than of human MH. For these several reasons, porcine MH has become a valuable model system in which the biochemical changes that occur during stress and slaughter can be studied in the intact animal under laboratory conditions. In addition, although the difficulties involved in extending conclusions from experiments in one species to a clinical syndrome in another are appreciated, results from studies performed


This paper proposes a fast computation method for Available Transfer Capability (ATC) with respect to thermal and voltage magnitude limits. In the paper, ATC is formulated as an optimization problem. In order to obtain the efficiency for the N–1 outage contingency calculations, linear sensitivity methods are applied for screening and ranking all contingency selections with respect to the thermal and voltage magnitude limits margin to identify the severest case. In addition, homotopy functions are used for the generator QV constraints to reduce the maximum error of the linear estimation. Then, the Primal-Dual Interior Point Method (PDIPM) is used to solve the optimization problem for the severest case only, in which the solutions of ATC can be obtained efficiently. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through IEEE 30, 57, 118-bus systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(3): 17–23, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10049


The principle and developing state of optical super resolution technology are reviewed, and the structure and recording principle of super resolution pick-up head are given. The application of optical super resolution in the super resolution pick-up head is emphasized.


Background: Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is the best characterized catabolic enzyme implicated in insulin proteolysis. Results: Newly discovered dual exosite IDE inhibitors do not significantly affect insulin action or clearance. Conclusion: IDE catabolism does not appear to be the primary mechanism of insulin clearance in vivo. Significance: These IDE inhibitors will enable broader investigation of IDE function. Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE, insulysin) is the best characterized catabolic enzyme implicated in proteolysis of insulin. Recently, a peptide inhibitor of IDE has been shown to affect levels of insulin, amylin, and glucagon in vivo. However, IDE−/− mice display variable phenotypes relating to fasting plasma insulin levels, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity depending on the cohort and age of animals. Here, we interrogated the importance of IDE-mediated catabolism on insulin clearance in vivo. Using a structure-based design, we linked two newly identified ligands binding at unique IDE exosites together to construct a potent series of novel inhibitors. These compounds do not interact with the catalytic zinc of the protease. Because one of these inhibitors (NTE-1) was determined to have pharmacokinetic properties sufficient to sustain plasma levels >50 times its IDE IC50 value, studies in rodents were conducted. In oral glucose tolerance tests with diet-induced obese mice, NTE-1 treatment improved the glucose excursion. Yet in insulin tolerance tests and euglycemic clamp experiments, NTE-1 did not enhance insulin action or increase plasma insulin levels. Importantly, IDE inhibition with NTE-1 did result in elevated plasma amylin levels, suggesting the in vivo role of IDE action on amylin may be more significant than an effect on insulin. Furthermore, using the inhibitors described in this report, we demonstrate that in HEK cells IDE has little impact on insulin clearance. In total, evidence from our studies supports a minimal role for IDE in insulin metabolism in vivo and suggests IDE may be more important in helping regulate amylin clearance.


The morphology of projection neurons in the basal optic nucleus and the pretectal area and the interconnections of these brain regions were studied with the aid of the cobalt-filling technique. It was found that the nucleus-sends long descending axons to the medullary reticular formation. The two basal optic nuclei are reciprocally interconnected and do not give a direct descending pathway. The pretectal nuclei and the basal optic nucleus are also reciprocally coupled. It is supposed that the described pathways mediate commands for horizontal and vertical nystagmic head movements.


Mud crab Scylla serrata is one of crustacean commodities with high economic value. One of the unsolved obstacles in mud crabs cultivation is crabs' stress level caused by the declining water quality. The recirculating system is a method for maintaining water quality throughout the rearing period of culture crab. This system can use a variety of physical filter materials, such as zeolite, sand, and other materials. This study aimed to determine the amount of malang sand as a physical filter which positively affect the physiological responses and production performance of mud crabs. This research was carried out using a recirculating system with a completely randomized design conducted in five treatments with three replicates, i.e., malang sand with a weight of 0 kg (control), 5 kg, 10 kg, 15 kg, and 20 kg. The results proved that the best physiological response and production performance of mud crab was observed at malang sand treatment with a weight of 5 kg. This treatment showed specific growth rate, absolute growth rate for body weight, absolute growth rate for body length, and the survival rate of mud crabs with the highest value of 0.18±0.061%, 0.13±0.05 g/day, 0.0016±0.00006 cm/day, and 77.77%, respectively, yet it had the lowest feed conversion ratio of 3.76±004. In addition, the 5 kg treatment had water quality parameters in the tolerable ranges for mud crabs' growth.


Using Visual Fortran6. 0 simulation software of forging microstructure has been developed for analysing metal forming and simulating the microstructural changes , which can obtain stress field , strain field , strain rate field and grain size distribution of forging. The dynamic recrystallization and recrystallized grain sizes of heading for high-temperature alloy (GH4169) bolt are simulated with this software.


The National Map of Security Threats (NMST) implemented in Poland in 2016 is a GIS-based tool for digital crime and threat mapping involving citizens in the processes of shaping local security by reporting hazards in their neighbourhood (volunteered geographic information). The map—open for external users—is a source of information about common threats to the safety of human life and health, property, and public order, taking into account their spatial distribution, in the opinion of its users. Among 26 reportable hazards, there are categories related to (1) Traffic, (2) Greenery, (3) Water, (4) Demoralisation and Vandalism, (5) Poverty, (6) Alcohol and Drugs, and (7) Animals. The study aims to investigate which threats reported by citizens are the most represented on the NMST. The study covered data collected based on public access to the map in the period from January–December 2022. The analysis of the results allowed us to conclude that the most common threats belong to the following categories: (1) Traffic, (2) Alcohol and Drugs, and (3) Greenery. While the first two categories are not a surprise for researchers, and their importance is confirmed by other studies, the category of Greenery—its condition, damage, etc.—becomes more and more important, which was not confirmed in previous studies. Recognizing this is crucial to support processes of planning and designing more secure public spaces.


The authors present a theory-based method of task analysis which predicts the developmental difficulty (the mental "attention" or "load" requirements-the M demand) of formal tasks.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the type and outcome of uveitis in patients with multiple sclerosis.


Just four months after the March 1, 2017 effective date for the newly designed New York State cybersecurity regulation—courtesy of the Department of ...


Complaints about the Slovak Christian electronic media broadcasts (TV LUX and Radio LUMEN) demonstrate how some of their programs may evoke negative response and disapproval of a part of the public. They will also show which social groups mostly disagree with the Church"s point of view. The case studies show how the Council for Broadcasting and Retransmission (CBR) handles these situations. The strongest negative response to some Christian media programs was noted in the area of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual and intersexual (LGBTI) persons. The CBR considered the complaints to be justified because the Christian media presented only a one-sided opinion and did not allow for any opposing views. That was also confirmed in the case of a political journalistic broadcast featuring one-sided opinions of some Christian democratic politicians before the parliamentary elections. Christian media in Slovakia still want to lead their flock, show them the way, which seems to perpetuate the old approach based on dogmas. However, in the current world of media, transparent discussions and persuasive arguments appear to be much more convincing.


A musical tone waveform signal generating apparatus in which a waveform signal is circulated to generate a musical tone waveform signal. The apparatus includes an excitation portion for mixing an excitation control signal with the waveform signal and for non-linearly converting the mixed waveform signal and a signal transmission portion coupled with the excitation portion to feed back the converted waveform signal to the excitation portion with delay of a predetermined time for causing on the converted waveform signal a resonance frequency corresponding with a pitch of a musical tone to be generated. In the excitation portion, the non-linear conversion of the mixed waveform signal is effected by a plurality of non-linear tables to generate various kinds of musical tone waveform signals, and the converted waveform signal is controlled by a tone color control signal to simulate the musical tone as a natural musical tone created by performance of a musical instrument such as a wind instrument, a brass-wind instrument, a stringed instrument or the like.


A method for maintaining the engine braking effect of a vehicle during hill descent by an active, electronically controlled braking intervention at at least one wheel, characterized by a status determination of the wheels (11, 12, 13, 14) in a "stable wheels" and "unstable wheels" and the braking all stable wheels (11 and / or 12 and / or 13 and / or 14) in at least one unstable wheel at which the condition V occurs with V = V K


This paper addresses the measurement (i.e. "fingerprinting") of tyre loading and contact stress patterns associated with slow moving test tyres on the new Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS Mk IV + ) of Gautrans. The two test tyres used on the HVS are a dual set of 12R22.5 and a single 315/80 R22.5 radial tyres, which represents typical tyres used on heavy vehicles (HV) in South Africa. The aim of this study was to quantify the three-dimensional tyre-road pavement contact stresses for these two types of truck tyres, which is currently employed for accelerated pavement testing (APT) in South Africa. Using the local StressIn-Motion (SIM) technology, the measurements were done using a specially constructed concrete test facility at Gautrans Koedoespoort premises. A test matrix of five load levels and six inflation pressures was used on both HVS test tyres at creep speed conditions (<6 km/hr). The results indicated that at constant inflation pressure the vertical tyre contact pattern ("fingerprint") is highly non-uniform, and changes from the well known "n"-shape" to the "m-shape" with increased tyre loading. In addition the finger printing of the lateral and longitudinal stresses also appear to be highly non-uniform, but are relatively lower than the associated vertical stresses. In practice these load/stress data sets are crucial, firstly to understand the complex nature of forces within the tyre road contact patch, and secondly, to be used in the planning of loading/inflation pressure conditions for future HVS and APT testing. This is especially critical on roads incorporating thin asphalt surfacings especially during hot and also during wet climates. Finally, the results in this paper can be used to enhance future modelling of tyre-pavement loading in mechanistic-empirical (M-E) pavement design technologies.


Summary: An experimental study was performed to correlate images of the infant hip obtained by ultrasonography with documented anatomic relationships. Two term stillborn neonatal cadavers were studied by imaging approaches used clinically. Specific anatomic structures were marked with echo-dense metal. The dissected cadaver hip joint was imaged in located and dislocated positions while immersed in a water bath. The results of the studies confirm the accuracy of ultrasonography in visualizing the cartilaginous structures of the infant hip joint. The experimentally obtained images correlate well with images obtained clinically


The influence of timber harvesting upon marten (Martes a. americana) was studied in sprucefir-hardwood forests in the Moosehead Lake Region, Maine, during 1974-77. Partial harvesting and commercial clear-cutting were examined. In the partially harvested forest, basal area was reduced by about 40%. In the commercial clear-cut forest, 50% of the forest was clear-cut and 25% was cut selectively. Density of adult, resident marten averaged 1.2/km2 in the undisturbed and partially harvested forests, but was 0.4/km2 in the commercial clear-cut forest. Home range lengths were longest in the commercial clearcut forest. In undisturbed forests, marten preferred softwood-dominated mixed stands. In the partially harvested forest, tracks were found in all cover types in proportion to the occurrence of the cover types. Marten rarely used the 0to 15-year-old clear-cut areas, but the associated lightly cut hardwood stands and islands of uncut softwoods were heavily used. Of the more common foods eaten by marten, meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus), ground nesting birds, and raspberries (Rubus idaeus) were more abundant in the harvested forests, whereas red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi) numbers were not affected by logging. Harvesting methods that maintain a residual stand of 20-25 m2/ha basal area in pole and larger trees provide adequate habitat for marten. Clear-cuts up to 15 years old are poor marten habitat. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 43(4):850-860 Marten are generally associated with the climax coniferous forest communities of North America (Marshall 1951a, de Vos 1952). The marten's decline in its eastern range has been attributed to destruction of such forests by logging and fire (Aldous and Mendall 1941, Bergerud 1969, Forbes 1970, Dodds and Martell 1971). Timber harvesting continues to be a dominant force in establishing and maintaining seral plant and animal communities in the eastern marten's present and former range. I studied the effects of partial timber harvesting and commercial clear-cutting on a population of marten in the Moosehead Lake Region of Maine during 197477. The findings provide a foundation on which to plan management practices that affect the eastern marten. I am indebted to M. W. Coulter for his guidance during the study and assistance in preparation of the manuscript. Scott Paper Company and the Boise Cascade Corporation provided the study area and access to cover maps and aerial photographs.


Objectives Although use of non-medical settings for vaccination such as retail pharmacies has grown in recent years, little is known about how various settings are used by individuals with different vaccination habits. We aimed to assess the relationship between repeated, annual influenza vaccination and location of vaccination. Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 4,040 adults in 2010. Methods: We fielded a nationally representative survey using an online research panel operated by Knowledge Networks. The completion rate among sampled panelists was 73%. Results: 39% of adults reported that they have never received a seasonal influenza vaccination. Compared to those who were usually or always vaccinated from year to year, those who sometimes or rarely received influenza vaccinations were significantly more likely to be vaccinated in a medical setting in 2009–2010. Conclusions: Results indicate that while medical settings are the dominant location for vaccination overall, they play an especially critical role in serving adults who do not regularly receive vaccinations. By exploring vaccination habits, we can more appropriately choose among interventions designed to encourage the initiation vs. maintenance of desired behaviors.


WAR economy is something essentially different from the idea National-Socialism has of a peacetime economy based on each citizen's right to work~ To the National-Socialist, peacc-time economy has two sides to it: on the one hand it is the nation's apparatus of production; on the other, it employs living people to whose lives their work must give a meaning. In an economy based on the right to work, the demand for better and better work is derived not from the necessity of increased production but from the fact that a man's work forms the purport of his life. The constant improvement of his work is to provide lllan with possibilities for employing his creative energies.


'There is one Katherine Chidly an old Brownist, and her sonne a young Brownist, a pragmaticall fellow, who not content with spreading their poyson in and about London, goe down into the Country to gather people to them… Katherine Chidly and her sons Books (for the mother and the son made them together, one inditing, and the other writing) are highly magnified, and the brasen-faced audacious old woman resembled unto Jael …'.


This paper presents an improved low power BIST TPG scheme. It is based on the transition monitoring window (TMW). The TMW represses transitions of patterns using the k-value which is the standard that is obtained from the distribution of the TMW to observe over transitive patterns causing high power dissipation in a scan chain. We proposed that the modified TMW structure using duplicated TMW (DTMW) structure. Experimental results show that the proposed DTMW can reduce scan transition by about 60% with improved fault coverage compared to the TMW in ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits.


The study was undertaken to assess the genetic diversity among the non-parental type rice genotypes using hierarchical cluster analysis. Cluster analysis, based on all the studied traits, divided the genotypes into 3 clusters. Among the 3 clusters, cluster III consisted of maximum number of genotypes (19) followed by cluster II (11) and cluster I (11).A comparison of the mean values of three clusters for 9 characters revealed considerable differences in cluster mean values for all the characters studied. The present study revealed that cluster I had highest mean values for grain yield ( 1.903), flag leaf length (1.397) and panicle length(1.349) and lowest mean values for flag leaf width (-0.385) and days to flowering (-1.959). Cluster II had highest mean values for days to flowering (0.109) and 1000 grain weight (0.074) and lowest mean values for characters like tiller number(-0.392) and grain yield (-0.314). Cluster III showed highest mean values for characters like flag leaf width (3.597) and tiller number(1.911) and lowest mean values for characters like flag leaf length (-0.674) and days to flowering (-0.375). None of the clusters contained genotypes with all the desirable traits which could be directly selected and utilized. The relationship between different genotype of different cluster is important for further breeding programme.


The author discusses the advantages of the latest remote isolation plug whose development for Statoil points the way for the future


Network embedding (NE) is playing a principal role in network mining, due to its ability to map nodes into efficient low-dimensional embedding vectors. However, two major limitations exist in state-of-the-art NE methods: structure preservation and uncertainty modeling. Almost all previous methods represent a node into a point in space and focus on the local structural information, i.e., neighborhood information. However, neighborhood information does not capture the global structural information and point vector representation fails in modeling the uncertainty of node representations. In this paper, we propose a new NE framework, struc2gauss, which learns node representations in the space of Gaussian distributions and performs network embedding based on global structural information. struc2gauss first employs a given node similarity metric to measure the global structural information, then generates structural context for nodes and finally learns node representations via Gaussian embedding. Different structural similarity measures of networks and energy functions of Gaussian embedding are investigated. Experiments conducted on both synthetic and real-world data sets demonstrate that struc2gauss effectively captures the global structural information while state-of-the-art network embedding methods fails to, outperforms other methods on the structure-based clustering task and provides more information on uncertainties of node representations.


The research aimed to examine the level of security awareness and knowledge and online risky behavior of psychologists as information-communication systems users, i.e., experts in the field of behavioral sciences with some work experience in the Internet security area. Participants were 55 employed psychologists. They completed an online Behavioral-Cognitive Internet Security Questionnaire, consisted of two scales that measure cognitive risk and importance of data privacy and two scales that measure self-assessed risky online behavior and actual risky online behavior (simulated). The results showed that a large number of psychologists show risky online behaviors: 40% left their e-mail addresses, and 45.5% gave their passwords. No statistically significant association was obtained between self-assessed and simulated risk behavior, i.e. what they say about their online activities and how they actually behave online was not associated. Furthermore, results showed statistically significantly more actual risky online behavior (simulated) than reported by self-assessment. Psychologists are also more aware of the importance of data storage in relation to the potential risks of their alienation. Obviously, previous education and the current level of information security awareness are insufficient to prevent risky online behaviors even of well-informed users. Moreover, what users report about their online behavior is inconsistent with their actual behavior, leading to the need to develop additional simulation scales to measure computer users' actual risk behaviors and new prevention programs to decrease actual online risky behaviors in users.


THE conversion of cyanidin (IV) to (q-) epicatechin (I) by reduction 1 played an important part in establishing the constitution of catechins. The reverse change of (q-) catechin (I) to cyanidin chloride (IV) was effected by Appel and Robinson. ~ They employed (+) catechin tetramethyl ether and treated it with excess of bromine in technical dioxan solution. The crude bromocyanidin tetramethyl ether bromide which contained bromine in the 8-position also, was subjected to treatment with hydriodic acid in presence of red phosphorus. The resulting cyanidin iodide was converted into the chloride through the colour base as intermediate. We have repeated this process using pure samples of the naturally occurring stereoisomer (--) epicatechin (I) prepared from the heartwood of Acacia catechu. The same results are obtained, the yield being almost the same as from (+) catechin. When the penta-acetates of the catechins are used instead, only a trace of cyanidin is produced, the major product appearing to be a red-coloured polymer.


The paper examines the behavior of monetary policy and the institutional organization of economic policy in Mexico during the years of financial liberalization and the outgrowth of the financial industry. It argues that these policies have favored monetary and financial stability at the cost of reducing investment and negatively affecting the strength of the productive structure and the international competitiveness of the economy. The paper argues that such negative results, with the passage of time, increase the odds that current monetary policy will become unable to pursue monetary and financial stability. Unlike other outstanding critical literature, the emphasis of our evaluation regarding current policy's negative consequences is on the reduction of public investment that the institutional organization of economic policy has produced, instead of the overvaluation of the real exchange rate. As a final point, the paper discusses how institutional organization can be reformed to avoid further weakening of the productive structure and international competitiveness of the Mexican economy.


The present trend nationally and worldwide of beekeeping is the intensification of activities by increasing the number of families exploited by a beekeeper. This is possible by reducing working time required for operations and through a series of measures and modern methods of maintenance. One of these operations which requires a large amount of time and work is stimulating feeding or supplementing with syrup of bee famillies. In order to increase labor productivity was made a system of administration the feeding syrup of bee families removing all physical work of beekeeper and reducing the administration time of syrup about 50 times compared with clasical administration which is practiced in most apiaries. The investigation was made on 2 groups (apiaries) of 300 beehives. In the first apiary administration of syrup was made classic, and on the second apiary, administration was performed using a special system, during which time of administration have noted resulting, special advantages syrup administration system.


Surface discharge phenomena often occur across the insulator in power systems, damaging the electrical equipment, but the mechanism of the electron multiplication stage during surface discharge is not yet fully understood. As such, it is necessary to investigate the mechanism of discharge along a dielectric surface. In this paper, we develop a numerical fluid model, analyzing the dynamic characteristics of discharge including the electron density, electron temperature, surface charge density, and electric field. Our results show that the electron density peaks in the head of the streamer channel, at which time the electron temperature also reaches its maximum. A thin layer of plasma can be formed, filled with a mix of positive and negative charges, so the space normal electric field in the streamer channel can be positive or negative. In addition, the surface tangential electric field and electric potential are closely related, and the potential steadily increases because there is a steady tangential elec...


Global climate warming has discernable impacts on various natural systems and biological systems. As the most fragile ecosystem,agriculture is subjected to the most direct impacts from climate change. Of these impacts,the first one is the change in agricultural climate resources,which directly affects agricultural cultivation structure and crop variety distribution and finally results in the change in crop yield. Here,we review the advances in the impacts of climate change on crop yield,agricultural climate resources and China's agricultural cropping system and crop variety distribution pattern,and prospect the countermeasures for agricultural production in order to meet the future climate change,and several issues must be given high priority.


The postgraduate education of professional degree must implement process management. The implementation of process management on postgraduate education of professional degree need improve the rules and regulations and perfect information management system. The implementation of process management also need to help professional postgraduates master clear their value orientation, establish hand perfect the system of quality evaluation control. The Postgraduate Education of Professional Degree Need to Implement Process Management Process management is a kind of management theory which put forward by the target management. Target management emphasizes that management activities need to achieve the overall expectations. Process management advocates that management activities should refine to each process in the work of the nodes. Through the detailed microscopic process management, so as to improve enterprise's execution and achieve the goal of total quality management. Process management theory can be summarized as three points: the first is to emphasis on ordering management style, the second is to pay attention to prophase planning organization's activities, the third is to attach great importance to the organization in the process of monitoring and evaluation. Professional degree is to meet the needs of certain social professions, aims to develop the strong professional ability and professional quality, creatively engage high-level talents in practical work. Vigorously develop the graduate education of full-time masters professional degree with Chinese characteristics that is the degree and postgraduate education initiative to adapt to the economic and social development of the urgent need of high-level talents. The ministry of education in 2009 does a good job of full-time masters degree graduate students cultivate several opinions which pointed out that full-time professional degree graduate training goal is to cultivate master a professional (or career) solid basic theory and wide in the field of professional knowledge, strong ability to solve problems, to undertake professional technical or management work, has the good professional quality of high-level talents. Professional fields including engineers, doctors, teachers, lawyers, accountants, etc. Professional degree and academic degree while at the same level, but the former closer with the professional integration, the latter is more emphasis on theory and research. Undergraduate course graduates of the full-time master's degree graduate student education is different from part-time professional degree graduate students, also differs from academic graduate student enrolled from recent college graduates. The relationship between goal and process determines the value of the process management. In management activities, the management goal is the destination of process, it's the principle and flag of process specification and guidance. The realization of the goal depends on the scientific and reasonable corresponding process, the process is an important means, it is the premise and guarantee. Therefore, to truly realize the goal of cultivating the professional master should really implement process management, obtain from each concrete link. 639 7th International Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Society (EMCS 2017) Advances in Computer Science Research (ACSR), volume 61


The demand for meat in developing countries is on the increase, and this trend is expected to continue over the years. The ability of poultry and rabbit to meet the animal protein demand in developing countries cannot be overemphasized. However, the main constraint limiting effec- tiveandefficientuseofthesechoiceanimalsisthehighcostof traditional feed ingredients such as maize, soybean meal, fish meal and groundnut cake which are in strict competition with man's dietary need.However, it isalsobecomingclearthatthe requirements for the traditional feed ingredients cannot be met, even according to optimistic forecasts. The gap between local supply and demand for these traditional ingredients is expected to widen over the coming decades, providing a com- pelling reason for exploring the usefulness of locally avail- able, alternative feedstuffs in feed formulations. Alternative feedstuffs include, but not limited to, agro-industrial by-prod- ucts and leaf meals of some common tropical plant species. They are good nutrient sources, but their use in animal pro- duction has been limited owing to constraints imposed by anti-nutritional and socio-economic factors. Protein from the leaf and seed meals of tropical plants is perhaps the most naturally abundant and cheapest source of plant protein. Several studies regarding the nutritive values of alternative feedstuffs and their usefulness in animal nutrition have been published. The effect of alternative feedstuffs based diets on some physiological parameters of rabbits and chickens have been reported by several authors. The use of alternative feed- stuffs in rabbit and poultry diets and their effects on blood chemistry and haematology was reviewed. The review also covered their chemical compositions, economics and availability.


The switching current of Spin Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) can be reduced significantly by using perpendicularly magnetized materials. The Ta|CoFeB|MgO system provides both high tunneling magnetoresistance and perpendicular anisotropy. Using this materials system we have demonstrated basic write functionality in fully integrated Spin Torque MRAM arrays. Here, we further demonstrate device scaling down to 20 nm diameter, opening up the possibility of ultra-dense Spin Torque MRAM.


About UAS subjects biology made by the teacher SMAN 11 of Bengkulu before never analyzed either quality and quantity. The purpose of this study is to analyze about UAS biology at the school year 2018/2019 in the base  with a taxonomy of bloom and the lurch. In this research using the descriptive with a quantitative form of research and qualitative. The collection of technique used is data a interview. The instruments are used is the sheet about UAS biology and inquiries interview teachers biology. The result can be seen  from the lurch about UAS made by the teacher carried out in SMAN 11 of Bengkulu is the category of being by 60% and the distinguishing about be categorized enough and both have the proportion  of the devision of the same of 36%, the results of the devision of the distribution of the difficulty of based on a taxonomy of bloom not meet criteria, due to the problem is more classified as in the category of C1 and C2 of 40%. Keywords : analysis about,  taxonomy of bloom, UA S


Spigelian hernias are a rare type of lateral ventral hernia that arises through a defect in the spigelian fascia within the anterior abdominal wall. This type of hernia can be either congenital or acquired. Herniation occurs due to weakness or a defect in the transversus aponeurotic layer between the rectus abdominis muscle medially and the semi-lunar line laterally. Due to difficulty in accurately diagnosing spigelian hernias and the risk of strangulation of herniated contents, surgical repair is often recommended. A spigelian hernia case is presented in which sonography was used in the assessment and diagnosis of the abnormality. The case report highlights important diagnostic features for differentiating a spigelian hernia from other forms of abdominal wall hernia so that proper diagnosis and surgical repair can be accomplished.


320 Background: HFS and related skin toxicities are common side effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as SU, a multitargeted inhibitor of VEGF and PDGF receptors plus other receptor tyrosine kinases. In a randomized phase III trial of treatment-naïve mRCC pts, SU showed superior progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) over interferon-alfa, with a median PFS of 11 mo and median overall survival (OS) of 26.4 mo, establishing SU as a reference standard of care (Motzer et al, 2009). In this retrospective analysis, correlations between SU-associated HFS and efficacy endpoints were investigated in mRCC pts from 5 clinical trials in the first- and second-line treatment settings.

METHODS
Analyses included pooled data from 770 pts who received single-agent SU as 50 mg/d on a 4-week-on/2-week-off schedule (n=544; 71%) or 37.5 mg continuous once-daily dosing (n=226; 29%). Median PFS and OS were estimated by Kaplan-Meier methods and compared between pts with vs without HFS using a log-rank test. ORR was compared by Pearson's chi-square test. Tumor response was assessed by investigators and adverse events were recorded regularly. Multivariate and time-dependent covariate analyses were performed.

RESULTS
Of 770 pts, 179 (23%) developed any-grade HFS, compared with 591 (77%) who did not. Most instances of HFS (63%) initially occurred during the first 3 treatment cycles. Pts who developed HFS had significantly better ORR (55.6% vs. 32.7%), PFS (14.3 vs. 8.3 mo), and OS (38.3 vs. 18.9 mo) than pts who did not develop HFS (p<0.0001). In a multivariate analysis, SU-associated HFS remained a significant independent predictor of both PFS and OS (and of OS by time-dependent covariate analysis).

CONCLUSIONS
In mRCC pts, SU-associated HFS was significantly and independently associated with improved clinical outcomes. Overall, pts who did not develop HFS still had substantial benefit from SU. However, the presence of HFS identified a subset of pts that manifested highly favorable efficacy results with SU. These findings suggest that development of HFS may serve as a predictive biomarker of SU efficacy, although prospective validation is warranted. [Table: see text].


We consider a degenerate quasilinear Keller–Segel system of fully-parabolic type involving rotation in the aggregative term, 0 \end{array}\right. \end{equation*} ?> where is a bounded convex domain with smooth boundary. Here S(u, v, x) = (si, j)2×2 is a matrix with . Moreover, for all with nondecreasing on [0, ∞). It is shown that whenever m > 1, for any non-negative initial data, which is sufficiently smooth, the system possesses global and bounded weak solution.


Complete and illustrated biography of Hans Bellmer, with a detailed analysis of his perverse and complex oeuvre. Featuring many of Bellmer's surreal/erotic drawings, paintings and sculptures as well as his classic series of Doll photographs, it is also the complete story of Bellmer's remarkable life, from Nazi Germany to the inner circle of the Paris Surrealists, encompassing the history of surreal and erotic art and literature.


The rapid spreading rate of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in more than 6.2 million deceased cases. Furthermore, the patients of the latest Omicron variation carry light to almost no symptoms of the disease themselves. Thus, the requirement for a new diagnosis method besides Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) becomes the most important step to successfully detect infected cases. In this research, the application of the KNN, Ensemble and SincNet models are implemented as the main models for classification diagnosis based on cough sound records of infected patients. After pre-processing steps for removing silence ranges in the audio scripts, the cough sounds are augmented, subsequently separated into single cough samples, then generated 3 testing scenarios for dealing with the imbalanced problem between the sample classes. Afterward, MelFrequency information and MelSprectrogram are extracted as main features for analysis in order to distinguish patients with COVID-19 disease and healthy cases. The AICV115M dataset consisting of two classes COVID-19 and NonCOVID-19 is implemented for performance evaluation. The recorded highest accuracy on the models KNN, Ensemble and SincNet are 92.49%, 90.1% and 85.15%, respectively.


Now more than 1,800,000 people live in the Greater Kansas City Metropolitan Area. The area straddles the border between the states of Kansas and Missouri. Moreover, the area consumes part or all of eight counties and all or part of one hundred sixteen incorporated municipalities. By far the largest municipality is Kansas City, Missouri (KCMO) with a population exceeding 450,000. Spread out over 320 square miles, KCMO now includes parts of four counties and continues to grow in both population and area as new territory is annexed. Roughly half of KCMO lies north of the Missouri River and half south. The area south of the river generally is older and much of it is served by combined sewers. KCMO extends from the old downtown and industrial areas along the river southward some 18 miles characterized by newer and newer developments. The Northland generally is much younger in character and continues to undergo rapid urbanization.


The Breast Cancer cause physical changes, emotional and functional generating a great impact on women's lives. The aim of the study was to perform a systematic literature review with the aim of presenting information according to data published on the quality of life in women undergoing mastectomy. Data analysis was performed by comparing the discussions of articles published between the years 2000-2013. It was found that of the 25 articles analyzed, 32% were published after 2010, 28% was represented by the multidisciplinary health team, most notably the journal was the Brazilian Journal of Oncology with a percentage of 16% as Qualis Capes, 32% of the sample was published in a journal A2, 38 % of research was a descriptive quantitative. Noted that women affected by breast CA before and after mastectomy is affected physically and psychologically and providing apparatus that contribute to a better quality of life, treatment is less aggressor because support from family and multidisciplinary team.


Summary Aim: To retrospectively evaluate the feasibility and value of CT-CT image fusion to assess the shift of peripheral lung cancers with/-out chest wall infiltration, comparing computed tomography acquisitions in shallow-breathing (SB-CT) and deep-inspiration breath-hold (DIBH-CT) in patients undergoing FDG-PET/ CT for lung cancer staging. Methods: Image fusion of SB-CT and DIBH-CT was performed with a multimodal workstation used for nuclear medicine fusion imaging. The distance of intrathoracic landmarks and the positional shift of tumours were measured using semitransparent overlay of both CT series. Statistical analyses were adjusted for confounders of tumour infiltration. Cutoff levels were calculated for prediction of no-/infiltration. Results: Lateral pleural recessus and diaphragm showed the largest respiratory excursions. Infiltrating lung cancers showed more limited respiratory shifts than non-infiltrating tumours. A large respiratory tumour-motility accurately predicted non-infiltration. However, the tumour shifts were limited and variable, limiting the accuracy of prediction. Conclusion: This pilot fusion study proved feasible and allowed a simple analysis of the respiratory shifts of peripheral lung tumours using CT-CT image fusion in a PET/CT setting. The calculated cutoffs were useful in predicting the exclusion of chest wall infiltration but did not accurately predict tumour infiltration. This method can provide additional qualitative information in patients with lung cancers with contact to the chest wall but unclear CT evidence of infiltration undergoing PET/CT without the need of additional investigations. Considering the small sample size investigated, further studies are necessary to verify the obtained results.


An ultrasonic flow sensor designed by using FPGA digital processing technology is proposed. Aiming at the practical application characteristics of FPGA with high speed and high reliability,this paper focuses on the driving capability of ultrasonic flow sensor probe. The sensor circuit consists of probe driving circuit, transceiver switching circuit, automatic gain amplifier circuit, voltage comparison circuit and FPGA digital processing circuit. The circuit course of ultrasonic flow sensor based on FPGA provides a high stable driving signal to the probe of the sensor. Through the callback signal to get the downstream and countercurrent propagation time and then we can get the flow value. The results of laboratory tests show that, this system has the characteristics of good real-time test and good stability and a high reliability measurement of ultrasonic flowmeter is realized.


The geometric illusions are interesting phenomena when dealing with one's ability of spatial recognition of the human being. In the engineering purpose, it is often assumed that the illusion occurs on the retina level. However, there are parts that do not agree with the psychological or physiological knowledge, indicating the participation of the higher perception area of the cortex to the illusion. In this paper, we propose a model, based on the function of the cells within the higher perception area of the cerebral cortex, to interpret the geometric illusion as the result of the interaction among lines in the figure. We also demonstrate the occurrence of the geometric illusion using the proposed model by the computer simulation.


Oral granulomatous lesion includes those which are characterised by the presence of granulomas like in tuberculosis, leprosy etc. and also those without the formation of granulomas but with a prominent proliferation of granulation tissue. Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) comprises a group of diseases characterized by noncaseating granulomatous inflammation affecting the soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region. This term, introduced by Wiesenfeld in 1985, encompasses Melkersson- Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) and cheilitis granulomatosa (CG) of Miescher. Herein we present a review of granulomatous inflammation of the oral cavity.


Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) can target CNS and cause neuroinflammation that is characterized by profound neuronal damage and concomitant microgliosis/astrogliosis. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a major regulatory network with profound effects on inflammatory response, it is less clear how they regulate JEV-induced inflammation. In this study, we found that miR-15b is involved in modulating the JEV-induced inflammatory response. The data demonstrate that miR-15b is upregulated during JEV infection of glial cells and mouse brains. In vitro overexpression of miR-15b enhances the JEV-induced inflammatory response, whereas inhibition of miR-15b decreases it. Mechanistically, ring finger protein 125 (RNF125), a negative regulator of RIG-I signaling, is identified as a direct target of miR-15b in the context of JEV infection. Furthermore, inhibition of RNF125 by miR-15b results in an elevation in RIG-I levels, which, in turn, leads to a higher production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I IFN. In vivo knockdown of virus-induced miR-15b by antagomir-15b restores the expression of RNF125, reduces the production of inflammatory cytokines, attenuates glial activation and neuronal damage, decreases viral burden in the brain, and improves survival in the mouse model. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-15b modulates the inflammatory


ABSTRACT This article looks at conducting research outside of the researcher's country of residence. It examines the insider/outsider relationship that the researcher encountered while conducting qualitative research for the first time with parents of children with learning disabilities over the age of 16 on the Mainland of Grenada. One of the aims of the research was to place people with Learning Disabilities back into the historical timeline of Grenada's development post-colonisation.


MEDIATING INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES Judea Pearl Cognitive Systems Laboratory Computer Science Department University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024 firstname.lastname@example.com INTRODUCTION In an effort to avert confounding in observational studies, economists and social scientists have devised a method called instrumental variables [Reiersol, 1945] which is based on the following basic principle. Assume we are interested in estimating the influence of X on Y as given by the structural equation: Y = bX + U where U represents unobserved (zero-mean) disturbances. It is well known that 6, the pa- rameter of interest, cannot be estimated by ordinary least square methods unless U is un- corrected with X. In other words, if we compute the regression of F on J , r yX} Tyx hence, if we suspect that r xu b -\- we have T'xu is non-zero, and we do not have other means of estimating r , xu we are unable to estimate b. Now, suppose we find a third variable Z that is correlated with X and can safely be assumed to be uncorrelated with U. Under such conditions we can multiply Eq. (1) by Z, take the expectation and obtain an expression for b: b = r /r yz xz This ratio and its various matrix manifestations came to be known as the Instrumental- Variable (IV) estimator [Bowden & Turkington, 1984]. In spite of its general appeal and wide use, the method of instrumental variables suffers from two major drawbacks.


A significant fraction of the UKPADD-2 decay-data library has been incorporated into version 2 of the Joint Evaluated File (JEF-2.2, OECD/NEA Data Bank). Subsequent reviews of JEF-2.2 have highlighted the need for further developments in the recommended data for fission and fusion applications. For example, UKAEA staff involved in fusion studies identified 80 nuclides for which improvements in their evaluated decay-data files would be beneficial. Furthermore, 27 fission products of importance in thermal reactor studies (plus short-lived daughters and related metastable/ground states) were judged to have inadequate decay-data files in JEF-2.2, while of importance in fuel reprocessing, as monitoring standards, or because they undergo significant delayed neutron decay. Decay data for an additional 35 short-lived fission products were also considered, despite the lack of measured data; theoretical data were adopted for these specific radionuclides. Sixty-one of 80 requested fusion nuclides and all of the fission products have been evaluated, and form part of the UKPADD-6 library (which contains decay data for a total of 452 radionuclides). UKPADD-6 will be available through the OECD/NEA Data Bank where it is currently undergoing formal quality assessment.


Introduction The European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) Score for symptoms in Atrial fibrillation (AF) was proposed in 2007 but thus far has not been validated, yet features in European Society of Cardiology 2010/2012 guidelines. Anecdotally, many clinicians feel the jump from class 2 (mild) to class 3 (severe) misses an important step (moderate) where intervention may be more likely to be considered. Table 1 Modified EHRA Class Symptoms Description 1 None N/A 2a Mild Normal daily activity not affected and symptoms not considered troublesome by patient 2b Moderate Normal daily activity not affected but patient troubled by symptoms 3 Severe Normal daily activity affected 4 Disabling Normal daily activity discontinued Methods Consecutive patients identified as having AF as their primary consultation reason for attending Heart Rhythm clinics at a large cardiovascular centre in the UK completed general (EQ5D) and AF-specific (AFEQT) Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaires. EHRA score was documented by the reviewing clinician, or retrospectively from clinical notes. Patients initially classified EHRA 2 were subsequently re-classified by two clinicians blinded to QoL scores as either 2a (mild: Normal daily activity not affected and symptoms not considered troublesome by patient) or 2b (moderate: Normal daily activity not affected but patient troubled by symptoms). Results QoL and symptom data was collected on 362 patients (59% Paroxysmal, 65% Male). Mean QoL scores by EHRA Class are shown in the table and ilustrated in the graph with degree of statistical difference (t test) shown at each grade boundary. There is an important stepwise progression in the AFEQT score as patients progress from EHRA Class 1–4 with a significant difference between 2a and 2b in all QoL measures. Figure 1 Table 2 EHRA Class (n) AFEQT overall Utility (by EQ5D) Visual analogue score 1 (149) 78.4 (±19.0) 0.85 (±0.21) 76.2 (±19.9) 2a (45) 70.9 (±19.8) 0.86 (±0.18) 75.6 (±19.9) 2 (99) 63.6 (±20.0) 0.81 (±0.17) 70.3 (±20.3) 2b (44) 58.3 (±17.3) 0.77 (±0.15) 65.1 (±20.1) 3 (90) 42.1 (±21.1) 0.69 (±0.27) 59.6 (±21.9) 4 (24) 31.3 (±18.6) 0.59 (±0.29) 46.9 (±25.9) Table 3 Modified EHRA class Symptoms Description 1 None N/A 2a Mild Normal daily activity not affected and symptoms not considered troublesome by patient 2b Moderate Normal daily activity not affected but patient troubled by symptoms 3 Severe Normal daily activity affected 4 Disabling Normal daily activity discontinued Conclusions Based on AFEQT score and EQ5D Visual Analogue scale this study provides the first validation of the EHRA score. The Modified Score improves discriminative ability and, importantly, health utility is significantly different at the 2a/2b and 2b/3 boundaries, where decisions about AF ablation are likely to be made. Based on utility; invasive treatment for patients graded 2b (or above) is likely to be more cost effective than those graded 2a (where the potential improvement to Class 1 is minimal). We recommend adoption of the modified system, and propose that EHRA 2b be considered the cut point for treatment decisions.


Many insect-transmissible pathogens are transmitted by specific insect species and not by others, even if the insect species are closely related. The molecular mechanisms underlying such strict pathogen-insect specificity are poorly understood. Rice dwarf virus (RDV), a plant reovirus, is transmitted mainly by the leafhopper species Nephotettix cincticeps but is transmitted ineffectively by the leafhopper Recilia dorsalis. Here, we demonstrated that virus-containing tubules composed of viral non-structural protein Pns10 of RDV associated with the intestinal microvilli of N. cincticeps but not with those of R. dorsalis. Furthermore, Pns10 of RDV specifically interacted with cytoplasmic actin, the main component of microvilli of N. cincticeps, but not with that of R. dorsalis, suggesting that the interaction of Pns10 with insect cytoplasmic actin is consistent with the transmissibility of RDV by leafhoppers. All these results suggested that the interaction of Pns10 of RDV with insect cytoplasmic actin may determine pathogen-vector specificity.


The excess of uric acid is recognized as a risk factor for diverse metabolic diseases which include gout, urolithiasis, type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertensio...


There are a large number of pathogens in the water where fish live, and the
mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs), such as skin, gill and intestine,
are the first contact parts when pathogens infect fish. The secreted mucus of
these tissues constitutes the first barrier for fish against the invasion of
external pathogens. Mucosal immunity can identify and neutralize pathogens
and induces immunocytes to devour pathogens and the like. As a key factor in
the mucosal immune system, the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR)
is capable of mediating the transport and secretion of polymeric
immunoglobulins towards mucus. The effective secretion of the pIgR is
necessary for polymeric immunoglobulins (pIg) to exert mucosal defence and
plays a significant role in fish immunity. With the deepening of research into
fish immunoglobulins, the pIgR has become a research hotspot. The molecular
structure, genetic structure and expression pattern of the pIgR and the
important role it plays in mucosal immunity were summarized in this study,
which contributed to a deeper understanding of fish mucosal immunity and
laid a foundation for further exploration of the action mechanism and
functions of the pIgR in fish.


It has been pointed out to me that a calculation of D. Sullivan contradicts Theorem 3.3 of my paper Poincarê complex thickenings and concordance obstructions [ l] . The calculation indicates the presence of 2-torsion in the homeotopy group of SXS. In fact my proof of Theorem 3.3 depended on a mistake in the computations with the J-homomorphism. It is quite easy to see that there is an element of order 2 in the kernel of 7r9(PL)—»7r9(9) which would give rise to an element of order 2 in JT^iS^VS), for in this case 7r9(PL) is of order 16, from the exact sequence 0—»7r9(0)—>7r9(PL) —»r9-+0 and 7T9(g) is of order 8.


Determine the relationship that exists between the managerial competencies of the entrepreneurs and the factors that limit the business growth of the agro-export MYPES of olive and Tacna derivatives. The research is crosssectional correlation. According to the researcher's interference in the study, it is a non-experimental investigation. The population is limited to the MYPE entrepreneurs dedicated to the agro-exporter sector of olives and derivatives of the city of Tacna, the sample size selected applying the non-probabilistic sampling. The data processing involved Frequency tables, bar graphs, chi square association tests and Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient both evaluated at the 5% significance level. It was concluded that there is a significant relationship (p <0.05) between managerial competencies and the factors that limit the business growth of the agro-export MYPES of olive and Tacna derivatives in 2018. Although they present an average positive association (rho = 0.543), where a majority of 58.33% consider that the different managerial competencies for business management apply "almost always" while 41.67% indicate that they "always" consider management competence for driving and business decisions.