The single-wall carbon-nanotube doped PVA saturable absorber induced 6th-order harmonic passively mode-locking fiber ring laser with pulsewidth and spectral linewidth of 2.16 ps and 0.476 nm with 60 dB of SNR is demonstrated.


evening hours. Security can be better achieved if the prisoners are withdrawn into a comparatively small area at night .... Let the Pennsylvania authorities satisfy themselves by constructing an inner fastness into which the prisoners can be taken at night, but around the remainder of the reservation construct a lower, less extensive and less archaic barrier.&dquo; Mr. MacCormick has recently visited two walled prisons, one at Jackson, Michigan, the other at Stateville, Illinois. Both enclosures have an area of more than sixty acres. &dquo;At Jackson the warden and deputy were emphatic in their statements that the plant is entirely too large, and they regretted that it should have been thus designed. They consider the problems of supervision and administration are almost insurmountable. &dquo;At Stateville (or Joliet) they have had a chance to see what a plant is like in actual operation .... The warden and the deputy said that the plant is so huge that it presents immense dimculties, .... A guard on horse-back is required to patrol the area within the walls


The change from a zero transition to the maximum amplitude of the electric field of visible light lasts shorter than one femtosecond (1 fs = 10−15 s). By precisely controlling the hyperfast electric field oscillations in a short laser pulse we developed a measuring apparatus—the atomic transient recorder—like an ultrafast stopwatch. This apparatus is capable of measuring the duration of atomic processes with an accuracy of less than 100 as (1 as = 10−18 s), which is the typical duration of electronic processes (transients) deep inside atoms. A 250 as X-ray pulse initiates the atomic process to be measured and the attosecond stopwatch at the same time. For the first time it is now possible with this new measuring method to observe ultrafast processes in the electron shell of atoms.


The newest entry (No. 22) in the Latin American Historical Dictionaries series is the Historical Dictionary of Cuba, by Jaime Suchlicki (Metuchen: The Scarecrow Press, 1988. Pp. 368. Map, bibliography, $39.50 cloth.). This welcome addition begins with a succinct 36-page chronology of Cuba's history from 1492 through 1985. Professor Suchlicki, who is director of the Institute of Inter-American Studies of the University of Miami, highlights all the major historical and political events and their protagonists using cogent definitions and annotations. Especially helpful are the brief biographic sketches of important figures such as Felix Varela, Jos6 Antonio Saco, Antonio Maceo, Carlos Finlay, and many others. The compiler included information about the most important places, provinces, and historical landmarks. There are also appendices featuring a contemporary glossary, a country brief, and a bibliography of basic works about Cuba. No doubt, Prof. Suchlicki's directory will prove invaluable to Cuban specialists and other researchers.


The elderly population merits more sustained sociological and criminological investigation because in western societies and globally the general population is both ageing and growing in size. This article critically analyses issues of old age and crime, focusing upon old age and victimisation, fear of crime and ageing offenders. The article sets out a proposed agenda for change in the focus of the criminal justice system, with a call for research to better inform policy and practice in this strangely neglected but increasingly important area of ageing and crime.


Frictional heat is one of the most important topics in tribological research. The real contact area of the frictional pair plays a significant role in accurately estimating the interface temperature, which is closely related to the frictional heat. However, conventional methods for measuring the contact area, such as constriction resistance measurements, are not suitable for dynamic frictional motion because of the electrical and thermal interferences at the contact region. In this study, a novel method is presented for estimating the real contact area during sliding friction. First, the average interface temperature was experimentally measured by the dynamic thermocouple method. Then assuming that the total frictional heat power is constant, the measured temperature was used as a constraint to determine the contact area in a finite element model, giving an estimation for the real contact area. The calculation results show that the real contact area increases with increasing normal load as predicted by contact theories, and decreases with increasing sliding speed, which could be attributable to the contact dynamics of asperities at the interface. Additionally, the limits of the proposed method is discussed.


On 7 June 2021, Juno flew within 1,000 km of Ganymede's surface, partially mapping its ice shell at six frequencies ranging from 0.6 to 22 GHz. The radiance at these frequencies originates from successively deeper layers of the sub‐surface and may reach depths of 24 km at 0.6 GHz. The MWR observations cover a latitude range from 20°S to 60°N and a longitude range from 120°W to 60°E. We present brightness temperature and derived reflectivity maps of Ganymede with a spatial resolution of up to ∼140 km. The microwave brightness temperature at all MWR wavelengths is anti‐correlated with the visible brightness of the terrain. Normalizing the MWR brightness temperatures using a thermal model for the ice shell reveals that the brightest regions are significantly more reflective in the microwave than the dark regions and that all terrain types are more reflective than is expected from a solid ice surface. We suggest that multiple reflections of the colder sky background at sub‐surface interfaces (e.g., fractures) explain the depressed brightness temperatures observed in brighter terrain types. A thin silicate or salt contaminant surface layer, which is significantly more reflective than ice in the microwave, could explain the microwave reflectivity in the dark regions with little to no contribution from sub‐surface fractures. The observed 0.6–1.2 GHz brightness temperature difference suggests an upper bound on the ice shell conducting layer depth of 150 km in the observation area.


To explain the resonance phenomena of the Stark lines of He atom, a general method is found in the paper (I) to solve the secular equations, taking into account of the matrix elements between the states with different principal quantum numbers, n and n '. Along the line of this general method, we performed the numerical computations for the ortho-helium in the case of n =6 and n '=7. Numerical tables and diagrams representing the relations of the Stark energies and field strengthes are obtained for the respective values of magnetic quantum numbers, m =1, 2, 3 and 4. From these results we find that the pair of levels approaching nearest and repelling each other is as follows:


Presents MISEP, an independent components analysis method for linear and nonlinear mixtures. The method is based on the minimization of the mutual information of the estimated components, and can be seen as an extension of the well known INFOMAX method in two aspects: (1) allowing the analysis of nonlinear mixtures, and (2) automatically estimating the optimal nonlinearities to be used at the outputs during learning. The resulting ICA method consists of the training of a single specialized multilayer perceptron, optimized according to a single objective function: the output entropy. Some examples of the application of the method are given.


: Initiated from Burtland Reports in 1987, sustainable development is the idea that human societies must live and meet their needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility (CSER), or commonly known as CSR is the implementation of sustainability development. CSR in Indonesia are perceived merely from financial aspects. Condition is even worsening due to the fact that there is no limitation regulation on how much a company shall contribute, or who will authorize how much has the company contribute while the total amount will reduce their taxable income? Every Province, City and Regent also has different regulations relating to Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility, which leads to overlapping regulations with Central Government Regulation. Not to mention another burdensome compulsory cost, national or territorial tax. Those overlapping regulations are applicable to the same object, Company or Corporation. No wonder, planning for enactment of Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility has faced many rejections, particularly from business actors. Undeniably, there must be balance on regulations and implementations of Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility, or this might also affect the assessment of ease of doing business in Indonesia. Some recommendation on this matter will be offered in this article. This article would use the statute and comparative approach, in a normative scheme.


In this paper, we introduce an effective method for selecting aptamer that increases the signal-to-noise ratio in a heterogenous sandwich-type immunosensor and confirm the efficiency of selected aptamer candidates in the colorimetric assay. Using the proposed method, four aptamer candidates withKdvalues ranging from 77.6 nM to 125.7 nM were obtained.


The "Si-2s- and Si-2p-binding energies" of 5 o-arylenedioxy complexes containing penta- and hexacoordinate silicon have been obtained from their ESCA-spectra. The data have been compared to those of tetracovalent silicon compounds. A linear correlation between calculated Pauling charges and binding energies has been found for compounds where no (d ← n) -interaction should exist. Characteristic deviations from the linear relation were found both in tetravalent silicon compounds containing Si-O-bonds, the (d ← n)π-interaction of which is well established, and in the anionic tris(o-phenylenedioxy) siliconate and in the bis(o-phenylenedioxy) organosiliconates. No deviations were observed in case of the cationic 6-coordinate complexes of silicon with acetylacetone and 2-hydroxypyridine-N-oxide. We conclude that an additional back donation from the free electron pair (dSi ← nOo) only exists to a considerable extent in tetracovalent silicic ester derivatives, in the hexa- and pentacoordinate tris(o-phenylendioxy) siliconate and in the bis(o-phenylenedioxy) organosiliconates. A method is given to obtain crystalline tris(2-oxypyridine-N-oxy) siliconium chloride in good yield.


This paper reports the fabrication of highly flexible and electrically conducting porous PDMS/CNF nanocomposites using sugar particles as templates. CNF are transferred into the pores of the porous PDMS via the direct fabrication method. In this method, the sugar particles are first coated with CNF, ensuring good adhesion between the CNF and polymer during the fabrication process. Solvents with different CNF concentration are used to investigate the effectiveness of the CNF concentrations on the sensing properties. A high resolution scanning electron microscope is used to investigate the CNF distribution. Sensing response is measured via electrical resistivity using the two-probe method. The sensing capability of the porous PDMS/CNF nanocomposite is characterized under compressive cyclic load and their corresponding piezoresistive functions are evaluated.


Background: Despite the widespread induction of miR-146a during the innate immune response little is known regarding its biogenesis, function and mechanism. We have therefore examined the role of miR-146a during the interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated IL-6 and IL-8 release and proliferation in primary human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells. Methods: HASM cells were isolated from human lung re-section, cultured to a maximum of 3 6 passages and then exposed to IL-1β. miR-146a expression were determined by qRT-PCR, IL-6 and IL-8 release by ELISA and proliferation using bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. The role of NF-κB and the MAP kinase pathways was assessed using pharmacological inhibitors of IKK2 (TPCA-1), JNK (SP600125), p38 MAP kinase (SB203580) and MEK-1/2 (PD98059). miR146a function was determined following transfection of HASM with inhibitors and mimics using Amaxa electroporation. Results: IL-1β induced a time-dependent and prolonged 100-fold induction in miR-146a expression, which correlated with release of IL-6 and IL-8. Exposure to IL-1β had no effect upon HASM proliferation. Pharmacological studies showed that expression of primary miR-146a was regulated at the transcriptional levels by NF-κB whilst post-transcriptional processing to mature miR-146a was regulated by MEK-1/2 and JNK-1/2. Functional studies indicated that IL-1β-induced miR-146a expression does not negatively regulate IL-6 and IL-8 release or basal proliferation. However, inhibition of IL1β-induced IL-6 and IL-8 release was observed at the super-maximal intracellular miR-146a levels obtained by transfection with miR-146a mimics and indicates that studies using miRNA mimics can produce false positive results. Mechanistic studies showed that in the presence of super-maximal levels, the action of miR-146a mimics was mediated at a step following IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA transcription and not through down-regulation of IL-1 receptor associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1) and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) protein expression, two predicted miR-146a targets involved in IL-1β signalling. Conclusions: We have shown that IL-1β-induced miR-146a expression in HASM and that this was regulated at the transcriptional level by NF-κB and at the post-transcriptional level by the MEK-1/2 and JNK-1/2. Unlike previous reports, studies using miRNA inhibitors showed that miR-146a expression did not regulate IL-6 and IL-8 release or proliferation and suggest miR-146a function and mechanism is cell-type dependent. * Correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com 1 Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London SW3 6LY, UK Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © 2010 Larner-Svensson et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Larner-Svensson et al. Respiratory Research 2010, 11:68 http://respiratory-research.com/content/11/1/68 Page 2 of 13 Introduction Human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells regulate both the tone and diameter of the respiratory airways. Inappropriate contraction of HASM in response to environmental stimuli is responsible for the reversible airways contraction that is associated with asthma, a chronic disease that affects approximately 10% of children and 5% of adults in Western countries [1,2]. In addition to their role in constriction, HASM cells are also thought to contribute towards the chronic inflammation and airway re-modelling that is characteristic of asthma [3,4]. Thus, HASM cells have been shown to release a host of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, IL-8, eotaxin, matrix metalloproteinase-12 and prostaglandin E2 and to undergo proliferation in response to activation via the Toll like receptor (TLR)/interleukin (IL)-1 receptor family [5-13]. Members of the TLR/IL-1 receptor family possess a common intracellular domain and can be subdivided into the TLR family that comprises at least 11 members and the IL-1R family that has 10 members [14,15]. The TLRs recognise conserved molecules derived from bacteria, fungi and viruses and contribute towards the innate immune response whilst the IL-1Rs are activated by the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18 and IL33 [15]. Agonism of these receptors leads to the activation of a common intracellular signalling pathway. The initial step involves association with the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation primary-response gene 88 (MyD88), which recruits IL-1R associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1) and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). In HASM cells, these receptors activate a variety of intracellular signalling pathways and pro-inflammatory transcription factors. One of the most important is NF-κB, which under basal conditions is localized within the cytoplasm bound to IκBα. Degradation of IκBα following phosphorylation by I-κB kinase-2 (IKK-2) results in the nuclear translocation of activated NF-κB, DNA binding and subsequent transcription of multiple inflammatory mediators [6,16,17]. Alternative pathways that are known to be activated in HASM cells include the mitogen activated kinase cascades that terminate at ERK-1/2, JNK-1/2 and p38 MAP kinase [6,10,17-21]. miRNA-mediated RNA interference has been identified as a novel mechanism that regulates gene expression at the translational level [22,23]. These short RNA sequences of 20-23 nucleotides are produced by the processing of full length mRNA-like transcripts known as primary miRNAs [24,25]. These larger primary miRNA transcripts undergo enzymatic cleavage by the RNAse III enzyme Drosha to produce ~70 nt precursor miRNAs. These are then transported to the cytoplasm where they are further processed by another RNAse III enzyme, DICER, to produce ~21-23 double stranded RNA. One strand, the mature miRNA, is then loaded into the RNAinduced silencing complex (RISC) where it is believed to either repress mRNA translation or reduce mRNA stability following imperfect binding between the miRNA and the miRNA-recognition elements (MRE) within the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target genes. Specificity of the miRNA is thought to be primarily mediated by the 'seed' region that is localised between residues 2-8 at the 5' end [26-28]. Interestingly, recent studies have identified miRNA-mediated RNA interference as a potentially novel mechanism that regulates the immune response [29-31]. In particular, rapid increases in miR-146a and miR-155 expression have been demonstrated in immune cells following activation of members of the TLR/IL-1R family [32-37]. Since these initial observations, miR-155 has been shown to regulate multiple responses associated with the innate and acquired immune response including LPS-induced release of inflammatory mediators from monocytes, T cells and B cells [34,38,39], proliferation and differentiation of myeloid and lymphoid cells [40-44] and B cell antibody switching [45-47]. Significantly, these studies indicate that the function and mechanism of miR155 is dependent upon the cell-type and stage of development/differentiation. In contrast to miR-155, much less is known regarding the biological role of miRNA-146a. This is despite its widespread induction in both immune and structural cells, such as alveolar and airway epithelial cells, monocytes/macrophages, fibroblasts and chondrocytes following the initiation of the innate immune response [32,4854]. Studies into the mechanisms that regulate miR-146a expression has demonstrated that the initial transcription of primary miR-146a is mediated via activation of NF-κB [32,48,49,55,56]. In contrast, nothing is known regarding the mechanisms that regulate the processing of primary miR-146a to produce the mature miR-146a. Interestingly, recent studies have indicated that TGFβ-induced miR-21 production in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle is primarily regulated at the level of Drosha, which processes primary miR-21 to precursor miR-21, and is driven by activation of the Smad signalling pathway [57]. Evidence of the importance of post-transcriptional regulation has also been provided from studies of the singlestrand RNA-binding protein KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP). This has been shown to serve as a component of both Drosha and Dicer complexes and regulates the biogenesis of a subset of miRNAs through binding with high affinity to the terminal loop of the target miRNA precursors and promoting their maturation [58]. In particular, KSRP has been shown to regulate the maturation miR-155 and the subsequent down-regulation of inflammatory mediators following LPS-stimulation of bone marrow derived macrophages [39]. Larner-Svensson et al. Respiratory Research 2010, 11:68 http://respiratory-research.com/content/11/1/68 Page 3 of 13 Functional studies indicate that miR-146a negatively regulates the release of inflammatory mediators, although there are differing reports as to the precise mechanism of action [32,48,49]. Taganov et al [32] have suggested that miR-146a targets the down-regulation of IRAK-1 and TRAF6, which are located in the TLR/IL-1R signalling pathway. This hypothesis has been supported by recent studies of miR-146a mediated down-regulation of IFN-β release in vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)infected mouse peritoneal macrophages [49]. In contrast, our previous studies in IL-1β-stimulated human alveolar A549 epithelial cells indicated that miR-146a attenuated IL-8 and RANTES release at a step following their transcription and not through the targeting of IRAK1 and TRAF6 [48]. To further characterise the function and mechanism of action of miR-146a, we have examined the IL-1β-induced response in primary HASM cells. In contrast to the rapid induction in miR-146a expression previously described [32,48,49], we observed a slow-developing and prolonged in


Optimized conditions to obtain 1- or 3-aryl-2-methoxyindenes (II) and (IV), resp., from intramolecular carboalkoxylation reactions of 2-ethynylbenzyl ethers (I) are established.


This study aimed to examine the
The
Effect Of
Business Risks
Return OnAssets
(Roa) On
Islamic Bank
. The sample in this study are 37 property and real esate companies listed in
Indonesia Stock Exchange 2011
-
2015 period
.This study aimed to examine
the The
Effect O
f
Business Risks
Return OnAssets (Roa) On
Islamic Bank
The sample in t
his study are 7 of Isl
amic
Bank in Indonesia 2011
-
2016
period.This study used purposive sampling method in determining
the sample and multiple linear regression analysis
to examine the effect of independent
variables on the dependent variable.The result of
this study indicated that likuidity Risk are
measured by FDR and IPR positive not significant effect to the ROA Islamic bank. Credit Risk
are measured by APB and NPF positive not significant effect to the ROA Islamic bank. Market
Risk are measured by PDN
positive not significant effect to the ROA Islamic bank. And the last
Operasional Risk are measured by BOPO positive not significant effect to the ROA Islamic
bank.

Keywords : FDR, IPR, NPF, APB, PDN, BOPO and Return On Asset (ROA)


Relevance. The agro-industrial complex is a key one in the system of economic development of the Russian Federation. However, the level of development of rural areas leads to an outflow of specialists from this sector of the economy. This is a significant problem at the current stage of development of the domestic economy.Methods. Materials: monographic studies, scientific publications of domestic and foreign authors, statistical data, materials of the legislative framework. The research process used methods of theoretical generalization, synthesis, induction, deduction, complexity, concretization and extrapolation of scientific knowledge.Results. For 2010–2020 there was no significant improvement in the quality of the social infrastructure of rural areas, so this measure by the government is logical, given the importance of the agro-industrial complex for the domestic economy. In addition to the fact that a significant number of citizens of our country work in this sector of the economy, agricultural products are the key to ensuring the country's food security, in a tense situation in the external environment. It should be noted that the economy of the Russian Federation is under pressure from the sanctions of foreign countries, and armed conflicts are taking place in the border states. Accordingly, investing in the development of infrastructure in rural areas is a necessary measure to preserve the independence of the country.


This paper considers the dynamics of an electromechanical device with a pendulum arm. Conditions under which the pendulum does not experience a complete rotation are obtained. Various types of nonlinear behaviors including chaos are observed.


In January 1950, a 3,600-kva series capacitor was put into operation for the purpose of minimizing lamp flicker produced by large arc furnaces. This installation is unique in that the capacitor is located in series with the terminals of a 20,000-kva 13.8-kv synchronous condenser, rather than in series with the supply system. The capacitor has been operating successfully for over ten months and has produced the desired decrease in lamp flicker. This paper presents a summary of the studies made prior to the installation of the series capacitor, as well as a general discussion of the factors that should be considered in similar applications. Economic factors, which dictated the selection of a series capacitor for decreasing the lamp flicker in this case, and the results of field tests made since the installation was completed are covered in a companion paper.1


Circadian clocks control the physiological and behavioral daily rhythms to adapt to the changing environment with a period of ~24 h. However, the influence and mechanism of extreme light-dark cycles on the circadian clock remain unclear. We show that, in the fungus Neurospora crassa under short LD cycles, both the growth rate and the ratio of microconidia production contributes to adaptation in LD12:12 (light for 12 h and dark for 12 h, periodically). Mathematical modeling and experiments demonstrate that in short LD cycles, the expression of the core clock protein FREQUENCY is entrained to the LD cycles when LD>3:3 while it free runs when T≤ LD3:3. We investigated the changes in circadian/diurnal rhythms under a series of different LD conditions, and the results showed that conidial rhythmicity can be adapted to the short LD cycles. We further demonstrate that the existence of unknown blue light photoreceptor(s) and the circadian clock might promote the conidiation rhythms that resonate with the environment. A high-intensity light induced the expression of a set of downstream genes involved in various metabolic pathways. The ubiquitin E3 ligase FWD-1 and the previously described CRY-dependent oscillator system were implicated in regulating conidiation under short LD conditions.


A system for controlling and storing simultaneously the physical parameters that change during adjustment operations of the internal voltage installation called welded rail along comprising a remote main processing unit comprising a computer with a card suitable interface and one or more detection device (1) adapted to be arranged in predetermined positions on the rails (3) and connected to said remote unit main processing positions, each detection device (1) adapted to check, during all stages of release and adjust the subsequent voltage to said rail (3) all data related to the longitudinal movements of a certain section of said rail (3) relative to underlying sleepers (5) completely unbonded said rail (3 and to send said data to said remote main processing unit, wherein each of said device s detection (1) is made of two separate components, a main component (7) containing the detector elements and is configured to be fixed to at least one of said crosspieces (5), and at least one control component (9) adapted to be fixed to said rail (3), said main component (7) of said detection (1) is provided with at least one bar of mechanical checking (11), said bar mechanical testing (11) in permanent contact with at least one said control component (9) via a spring device, said system one or more gages thermometric or detecting the temperature of one or more rail sections (3), said comprising system comprises an electronic card adapted to process the displacement data and the temperature and send this data to the main remote processing unit.


Dr. Giovanni Battisa Violi (Modena 1849–Istanbul 1928), who practiced  pediatrics  in Turkey for more than fifty years, was the founder of the first vaccine institute (Etablissement  Vaccinogene, 1881), as  well as  the first children's hospital (l'Hopital SaintGeorges pour les Enfants Malades, 1895) in  the Ottoman Empire. Dr. Violi established a new children's hospital in Istanbul  in 1905  (l'Hopital  International  des  Enfants a Chichli), and  published  a monthly journal for child health (consisting of two separate parts in French and  Turkish) entitled: La Pediatrie en Turquie / Turkiye'de Emrazi Etfal between  1909 and 1914. The periodical edited by Dr. Violi displayed  an international editorial  board of renowned pediatricians  from Europe (Ausset, Baginsky, Bokay, Escherich, Fischl, Hutinel, Monti, and others), and prominent local physicians  from different  communities. The journal aimed at  promoting stateoftheart  knowledge in child health, addressing both professionals and parents. Another equally important  objective of La Pediatrie  en  Turquie  /  Turkiye'de Emrazi  Etfal  was  to publicise the humanitarian work accomplished in the children's  hospital under Dr. Violi's direction. The journal included health and mortality  statistics  issued by the Medical Office (Conseil de Sante) for the Ottoman  capital, a world review of the pediatric literature, notes on therapeutics, medical  and child care consultations  with mothers, as  well as articles  on clinical  research, some of them being of historical significance. The publication of La Pediatrie  en  Turquie  / Turkiye'de Emrazi  Etfal  was  interrupted by international political events in 1911, and the enterprise came to an end with the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Extensive research  conducted todate has  revealed that  a complete collection is  not  available in  libraries. The table of contents of the collated copies has been appended for this  reason. Also noteworthy  is  the fact  that  the publication of this  pioneering  journal (in French and Turkish) came much earlier than English periodicals in  pediatric medicine.


Propyladamantanes were synthesized by alkylation of adamantane with isopropyl alcohol in the temperature range from 5 to 40 °C in the presence of 96% sulfuric acid. Tetramethyl- and dimethylethyladamantanes were synthesized by isomerization of perhydroanthracene in the presence of aluminium oxide catalyst on the setup of the flow type. Isomers of butyladamantanes were obtained by the reaction of alkylation of the adamantane with isooctane. For each molecule, the optimization of the geometric parameters of atoms was carried out using analytical calculation methods. By calculating the frequencies of normal vibrations using the second derivatives, it was confirmed that the stationary points determined by optimizing the geometry correspond to the minima of the potential energy surface. The structure of 1-n-propyladamantane (I), 1-isopropyl-adamantane (II), 2-n-propyladamantane (III), 1,2-di-n-propyladamantane (IV), 1,3-dimethyl-5-ethyladamantane (V), 1,3,5,6-tetramethyladamantane (VI), 1,3,5,7-tetramethyladamantane (VII), perhydroanthracene (VIII), 1-n-butyladamantane (IX), 1-isobutyladamantane (X), 1-sec-butyladamantane (XI) has been studied using the DFT method with the Becke–Lee–Yang–Parr hybrid energy functional of electron density with the 6-31G* basis set. The geometric and electronic characteristics of the compounds and their total energy, normal vibration frequencies have been calculated. It has been shown that the calculated Gibbs free energies of formation for the perhydroanthracene isomerization products are in qualitative agreement with the experimental product composition of the isomerate and alkylation of adamantane with isopropyl alcohol are in qualitative agreement with the experimental composition of the products. A good agreement of calculated and experimental data on the composition of equilibrium mixtures was obtained. The theoretical geometry of the synthesized alkyladamantanes with Td symmetry very well agrees with the results of electron diffraction. Closest to the results obtained experimentally, the geometry was predicted by B3LYP, in which the lengths of C-C and C-H bonds are close to 1.544 and 1,100Ả, respectively, and the C-Csec-C and C-Cter-C angles are 109°. The results of the calculation using the B3LYP method are in good agreement with the experimental data. There is no definite relationship between the size of the molecules and the convergence of the calculated and experimental data. A practically important conclusion arising from the results of this and previous studies is that the use of the calculation method leads to "chemically accurate" data.


The Himalayan mountains are one surface manifestation of continental collision between India and Asia, which initially occurred in Eocene time. Today, the Indian plate continues to move northward, resulting in active orogenesis. The core of this young orogen comprises the highest mountains on Earth, most of which are formed from high-grade crystalline rocks of the Indian plate. This thesis is the result of a multidisciplinary study of Himalayan tectonic processes in the core zone at Langtang National Park, central Nepal. This region contains excellent exposures of core zone rocks (the Greater Himalayan sequence), low grade units beneath the core zone (the Lesser Himalayan sequence) and the intervening Main Central Thrust commonly abbreviated as "MCT". At Langtang, the MCT forms a 3.7 km wide zone of rocks with both footwall and hanging wall affinity. Two periods of distinct motion on the MCT are recognized. Early ductile motion occurred prior to 5.8 Ma, based on 40Ar/39Ar ages of muscovites from mylonites within the MCT zone. This ductile deformation is manifested in the local formation of mylonitic fabrics, with kinematic indicators that suggest top-to-thesouth shear sense. The overall dominant foliation in the footwall, MCT zone and hanging wall (which strikes to the northwest and dips moderately to the northeast) is attributed to ductile movement on the MCT. A second period of brittle movement on the MCT is constrained to have occurred at approximately 2.3 Ma, based on 40Ar/39Ar ages of syn-deformational muscovites from brittle fault gouge. During this event, imbrication of MCT zone units resulted in the juxtaposition of different lithologies by brittle thrust faults. The MCT zone is interpreted as a duplex structure. The brittle deformation is attributed to represent back-breaking in response to ramping on a more southerly thrust, the Main Boundary Thrust.


The effect of ethnic diversity in schools is revealed in the constant demands of the pupils who try to categorise their teachers and want to know about their religion, their origins and their opinions about specific current events. The ethnic diversity of the school and the fact that it is to a great extent combined with the social and economic difficulties of the populations of immigrant origin sometimes provide a reply here, obviously one which is not particularly republican. At the crossroads of cultural assertions and social relations, of ethnicity and money, fashion, and therefore appearance or 'look' tend to reveal tensions and jealousies which are not necessarily in themselves anti-Semitic but which are not always very far from it. Insults and attacks can find a niche for themselves there.Keywords: anti-Semitic; cultural assertions; ethnic diversity; immigrant; schools


Polyphenylene ether(PPE) and Polyurethane(PU) were employed to manufacture the blends.Differential scanning calorimentry(DSC),scanning electron microscope (SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),etc.were employed to characterize the variations of structure and property.The results indicate that the compatibility of PPE and PU can be improved by addition of compatibilizer HTPB-PS.The results show that the tensile strength of the blend increases by 73% for the content of PPE at 20 percent of PU;while for the content of PPE at 40 percent of PU and addition of 1% of HTPB-PS,the elongation at break increases from 77% to 149%,the heat degradation temperature of the blends increases by 13.2 ℃.


In this report,several classes of electroactive polymer developed recently are reviewed. As representative polymeric piezoelectric films with space charge, polypropylene cellular and porous polytetrafluoroethylyne films have a piezoelectric d33 coefficicent of 200 - 600pC/N. In the second class of electroactive polymers, i. e. the defect-structure modified poly(vinylidene fluoroethylene-trifluoroethylene) polymers,an electrostrictive strain of more than 5% and elastic energy density above 1J/cm3 can be induced in a field of 150MV/m. And the polymer is an all-organic composite,with a very high dielectric constant(900) and high strain induced in a weak applied electric field (2% strain in 13MV/m) and the composite has an elastic modulus near 1GPa.


Isomorphic generating for concept lattice based on th-order contexts kernel is a new method to obtain concept lattice. The foundation of the algorithm is construction of th-order contexts kernel. In terms of the notion of th-order contexts kernel,a basic con-struction algorithm is proposed and the improvement is discussed by limiting number of redundant contexts. Finally,it validates the high efficiency between the improved algorithms and the basic algorithm on the time complexity.


Basel, 2 June 2019 – Roche (SIX: RO, ROG; OTCQX: RHHBY) today announced positive additional results of a prespecified exploratory analysis from the Phase III IMpower150 study, which demonstrated that the combination of Tecentriq® (atezolizumab), Avastin® (bevacizumab), carboplatin and paclitaxel (chemotherapy) gave patients with chemotherapy-naïve, metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with baseline liver metastases an overall survival (OS) advantage compared with the combination of Avastin and chemotherapy (median OS=13.3 vs 9.4 months; hazard ratio [HR]=0.52; 95% CI: 0.33–0.82) in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population.1 Safety for the Tecentriq, Avastin, and chemotherapy combination appeared consistent with the known safety profiles of the individual medicines, and no new safety signals were identified with the combination.


urban forest is an indispensable component of urban ecological environment.There exist policy makers'insufficient information of cost and benefit, and high expenditure of establishment and management of forest.The current problems faced with in urban ecological environment is analyzed and the benefits of urban forest are addressed, and therefore, new opinions of management and development of urban forest under different management methods and policy are put forth to study the cost-benefit variation.


In this article, the effect on radiation properties in a microstrip antenna through the use of different symmetries applied to structures based on photonic band gap is analyzed. The result obtained from computational simulation and measures of the constructed antennas shows a direct influence on the return loss. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2914–2917, 2015


The Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (PSC-17) is a popular screening instrument used by parents and clinicians to assess children's behavioral functioning. However, more schools are examining the potential of the PSC-17 as part of a Multi-Tier System of Support framework. To investigate the potential of the PSC-17 in the schools, a sample of 1,779 U.S. preschool and kindergarten-aged children rated by parents (n = 667) and teachers (n = 1,112) was used to assess the measurement invariance of the PSC-17 across respondent groups. Multiple-group Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported partial scalar invariance for the PSC-17, indicating functional equivalence across teacher and parent respondents. Latent mean testing revealed teachers rated children as exhibiting a lower level of Externalizing Problems relative to parents; however, no significant differences in children's Internalizing Problems and Attention Problems were found between teacher and parent ratings.


Background: Chronic heart failure is a common cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is a progressive disorder and results in a poor quality of life. Drug utilization studies is a strong explanatory tool to ascertain the usage of drugs in the population. It helps to maintain the rationality of prescription, to minimize the cost of therapy and adverse effects. Studies on prescribing trends in CHF patients are few; hence periodic assessment of drug use in CHF patients will help to promote the rational drug use. Aim: To analyze the current prescribing pattern in CHF patients. Methodology: A retrospective observational study for 5 months was undertaken in General medicine and Cardiology department in a tertiary care teaching hospital. A total number of 135 congestive heart failure inpatients case sheets were collected and analyzed. Results: It was found that 62.33 % were males and 37.33% were females. The age group of about 65-69 years (36.29%) people was mostly affected by CHF. Hypertension (36.29%) and diabetes mellitus (17.78%) and both DM and HTN (19.26%) were the most commonly associated comorbidities in CHF patients. Cardiac glycosides are the most commonly prescribed drugs in nearly 90.37% of prescription. Followed by diuretics 88.88% and other anti hypertensives 80.7%. Among the anti hypertensives, CCBs 82.35% and ACE inhibitors 79.83% are most commonly prescribed. Conclusion: Cardiac glycosides, anti-anginal, anti-platelet and anti-hypertensives are most commonly prescribed in congestive heart failure patients. Most of the drugs were prescribed rationally according to the standard WHO treatment guidelines.


EDITOR—Malnutrition in children is the end point of a complex chain of causation, including infectious disease, traditional weaning practices, maternal (and paternal) knowledge of child development, standards of hygiene, and much more. Underlying all of these is the real root cause—the unjust distribution of wealth and other resources both within and between countries. Government health workers are commonly the only professionals actively …


This report covers the discussion on the forest policy in the World Bank forest investment forum. They analyzed about the future of forestry as a sustainable and environmentally sound area which is key for both life and for advancement of the fight against poverty and the maintenance of biodiversity, and has an impact also on water and on coastal regions. They discussed on council's forestry working group's mission which is to lead business innovation in sustainable forest management and the sustainable production, use and reuse of wood and paper products, renewable energy, ecosystem services, and livelihoods to meet the needs of today's world population and that of an expected nine billion in 2050. It is the World Business Council's view that the Forests Dialogue should be fully supported by its founders to continue to build consensus and agreement on sustainable forest management. They believed that there is a major opportunity for other development banks, the private and public sector, to promote/improve transparency and better governance. They concluded by saying that forests are essential for the well being of humanity and life on Earth at large and in forests allocated for timber production, management should be economically viable, socially beneficial, and environmentally sustainable.


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In order to evaluate the efficacy of mediastinitis treatment with continuous wound irrigation with PVP11 % solution, plus antibyotics and surgical treatment, and to analise the risk factors of this serious infection, we retrospectively studied 1113 patients submited to cardiac surgery, between. January 1993 and April 1995, at the Instituto do Coracao do Hospital Madre Tereza, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Eleven risk factors to mediastinitis were analized: age, sex, weight, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, blood transfusion, lenght of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), use of internal thoracic artery graft, pleural drainaige and hospital stay prior to surgery. Eighteen (1.68%) patients developed mediastinitis in the postoperative period and were treated with surgical intervention, continuous irrigation with PVP 11 % solution and antibyotics, during an average of 8 days. The hospital stay for this group of patients was in average 37 days. The predominant microorganism found was S. aureus (72%). The mortality was 27% (5 patients) due to disseminated infection. The authors conclude that continuous wound irrigation with PVP 11 % solution was an ease procedure with low mortality rate. The present method is effective in the treatment of this serious post-operative complication.


The basic idea of seismic barrier is to protect an area occupied by a building or a group of buildings from seismic waves. Depending on nature of seismic waves that are most probable in a specific region, differ ent kinds of seismic barriers are suggested. For example, vertical barriers resembling a wall in a soil can protect from Rayleigh and bulk waves. The F E M simulation reveals that to be effective, such a barrier should be (i) composed of layers with contrast physical properties allowing "trapping" of the wave energy inside some of the layers, and (ii) depth of the barrier should be comparable or greater than the considered seismic wave length. Another type of seismic barrier represents a relatively thin surface layer that prevents some types of surface seismic waves from propagating. The ideas for these barriers are based on one Chadwick's result con cerning non-propagation condition for Rayleigh waves in a clamped half-space, and Love's theorem that describes condition of non-existence for Love waves. The numerical simulations reveal that to be effective the length of the horizontal barriers should be comparable to the typical wavelength. D O I: 10.1134/S1063771011030109 IN T R O D U C T IO N Methods of Seismic Protection G enerally , c u rre n t app ro ach es fo r p reven ting fail u re o f s truc tu res due to seism ic ac tiv ity c a n be divided in to two groups: (i) app ro ach es fo r crea tin g seism ically stab le s truc tu res an d jo in ts ; th is g roup co n ta in s differ e n t m e th o d s ensuring e ith e r active o r passive p ro te c  tion ; an d (ii) app ro ach es fo r crea ting a k in d o f seism ic b a rrie r p reven ting seism ic waves from tran sm ittin g wave energy in to a p ro te c te d reg ion . W hile th e first g roup inc ludes a lo t o f d ifferen t eng ineering ap p roaches an d so lu tions, th e second one co n ta in s very few studies; see T akahashi e t a l. (2001) an d m o re recen t w orks by M o tam ed e t al. (2008), K usakabe e t al. (2008). T h e p ro p o sed resea rch belongs to th e second group . face ap p aren tly transfo rm s th e elastic h a lf-sp ace in to viscoelastic one. To be effective, perio d ic im p erfec  tions shou ld have m ag n itu d e an d p e rio d com parab le to th e m ag n itu d e an d w avelength o f p ropaga ting R ay leigh wave (Sobczyk 1966, M arad u d in & M ills 1976, M arad u d in & S h en 1980). Possible Types of Wave Barriers T h e co n sid ered seism ic barriers ca n be o f two types: vertical, a im ed to reflect, trap , an d dissipate m o st o f th e seism ic wave energy; an d h o rizo n ta l, based o n C hadw ick an d S m ith (1977) an d Love (1911) th e o  rem s, an d a im ed to p reven t ce rta in types o f seism ic waves from propag a tio n ; see, F ig . 1a. Yet a n o th e r in te resting a p p ro ach is to c rea te a " ro u g h " surface o f th e h a lf-sp ace to fo rce th e p ro p a  gating Rayleigh wave sca tte r by caves an d swellings; see Fig. 1b, w here p a r t o f a free surface w ith th e sinuso idal roughness is p ic tu red . In th is respect, th e ro u g h su r1 T h e a r t i c le is p u b l i s h e d i n t h e o r ig in a l . Roufle surface Direction of propagation Fig. 1. ( a ) V e r t ic a l a n d h o r i z o n t a l s e i s m ic b a r r ie r s . (b ) R o u g h s u r f a c e a c t i n g a s s e is m ic b a r r i e r a g a i n s t R a y  le ig h w a v es .


This research aims at evaluating the effectiveness of audit reports in taking investment decisions from the point of view of users of such reports in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The significance of this research comes from the need to have a basis upon which proper future solutions that enable the existence of effective information sources for investment decisions makers, including audit reports that had been prepared and approved by certified public accountants in Saudi Arabia, especially when the number of academic studies and research relating to audit reports in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are limited. This will be accomplished through highlighting the most important factors that support the level of clarity, usefulness and comprehensibility of audit reports, and thus, the possibility of using these reports as bases for successful investment decisions, as well as identifying other sources of information that can be used as bases for taking investment decisions rather than audit reports. To achieve that, a questionnaire that includes a number of indicators directed to test the research's two hypotheses has bees designed, as a positive research methodological approach was implemented. The results of the empirical research support the reliability of the first hypothesis, which in turn, support the significance of having clearer, and more useful and comprehensive audit reports, to be able to use there reports as bases for successful investment decisions. The results also support the reliability of the second hypothesis, which in turn support the importance of having various sources of information that can be used as bases for taking investment decisions rather than audit reports. By way of conclusion, the researcher has provided a number of recommendations, among which were emphasizing the significance of the factors that enhance the level of clarity, usefulness and comprehensibility of audit reports, asserting the significant of supporting the methods that may assure a higher level of awareness to such factors by various beneficiary groups and the Saudi society at large, and asserting the importance of enhancing investors' awareness of the significance of using audit reports as well as other proper sources of information that can help in reaching successful investment decisions. The researcher has also emphasized the importance of undertaking more research relating to audit reports within the Saudi auditing context, due to the lack of the proper number of related studies, and due to the significance of this research for the investment decision of a wide beneficiary group.


The economic policies implemented after the unification of Germany on 3rd of November 1990 have not been adequately investigated in the Turkish economic literature. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the success of the economic polices pursued after the unification and to find out the causes of why the targeted degree of integration could not be achieved. In particular, it tries to determine to what extent the goals have been fulfilled in terms of the monetary union, the privatization policies, the investment subsidies, the transfer expenditures as well as some important macro economic indicators such as economic growth, unemployment and export. The overvalued exchange rate level deteriorated the ability of competitiveness of the East German public enterprises. While some of the East German states public enterprises were privatized quickly, a considerable part of them was liquidated. Despite of subventions and transfer expenditures, the development gap still maintains its importance.


Colloidal sol−gel technology is widely used as a powerful synthesis route. It consists of two main stages, hydrolysis and peptization. The quantification of peptization time is necessary to improve the processing control and enhance product reliability. However, the peptization time is normally estimated by simple visual inspection. The aim of this work is to establish for the first time a procedure to quantify the peptization time. For such purposes, different optical techniques have been used, in particular the measurements of particle size distribution by laser diffraction and by dynamic light scattering. The experimental mismatch between both series of data allows determining the peptization time, and the results are in good agreement with turbidimetry measurements through the transmission of near-infrared light source. The synthesis of titania has been selected as a case study because anatase presents a large interest in many different applications. It has been demonstrated that peptization time sign...


Macrophage lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses are both regulated by the nuclear receptors PPAR and LXR. Emerging links between inflammation and metabolic disease progression suggest that PPAR and LXR signaling may alter macrophage function and thereby impact systemic metabolism. In this study, the function of macrophage PPAR and LXR in Th1-biased C57BL/6 mice was tested using a bone marrow transplantation approach with PPARγ−/−, PPARδ−/−, PPARγδ−/−, and LXRαβ−/− cells. Despite their inhibitory effects on inflammatory gene expression, loss of PPARs or LXRs in macrophages did not exert major effects on obesity or glucose tolerance induced by a high-fat diet. Treatment with rosiglitazone effectively improved glucose tolerance in mice lacking macrophage PPARγ, suggesting that cell types other than macrophages are the primary mediators of the anti-diabetic effects of PPARγ agonists in our model system. C57BL/6 macrophages lacking PPARs or LXRs exhibited normal expression of most alternative activation gene markers, indicating that macrophage alternative activation is not absolutely dependent on these receptors in the C57BL/6 background under the conditions used here. These studies suggest that genetic background may be an important modifier of nuclear receptor effects in macrophages. Our results do not exclude a contribution of macrophage PPAR and LXR expression to systemic metabolism in certain contexts, but these factors do not appear to be dominant contributors to glucose tolerance in a high-fat-fed Th1-biased bone marrow transplant model.


With the development of casting,forging and other existing forming processes of leaves,and continuous introduction of new technologies,leaves forming processes are more and more.The forming principles of five forming processes of leaves were introduced.The five forming processes were "casting-relief grinding",die forging,rolling forging,extrusion,CNC machine cutting and grinding.The advantages and disadvantages of each forming process were summarized,and the development trends of forming processes of leaves were put forward.


Dual mode redundancy hot standby is a common fault-tolerant technology. The systems which adopt this technology usually include an arbitration subsystem except functional subsystems. To avoid the potential risk of single point failure caused by the arbitration module and improve reliability, this paper aims to design a decentralized arbitration dual redundant hot standby structure as well as FPGA control logic to achieve state detection and arbitration switch-over between two subsystems, which can bring higher reliability and more convenience when performing tests. The paper firstly present detail implementation of hardware architecture and control logic. Then, simulation and synthesis are proceeded to verify the functionality and validity of the logic. At last, the hardware is debugged together with software. Practical tests show that the switch-over function of the control logic is valid and reliable.


We present the suitability of two optimized split-step methods for validating the femtosecond pulse propagation problem in the nonlinear fiber optics formalism that is governed by an extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In particular, the embedded split-step Fourier method (embedded-SSFM) and the embedded symmetrized split-step Fourier method (embedded-SymSSFM), which are optimized by the implementation of a step size control algorithm, are tested in terms of the femtosecond soliton fission phenomenology to analyze the numerical stability. As a result, it is possible to validate that these numerical methods introduce the appropriate resolution as function of the accuracy order that is needed at different stages of the soliton fission dynamics, which involves very large spectral shifts driven by the interaction between the nonlinear response and the high-order dispersion contribution of the optical fiber. Thus, the presented numerical methods can be used to validate accurately complex processes such as the development of supercontinuum spectra in the current formalism.


Both temperature and nutrient availability have essential roles in regulating the decomposition of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), the main controls on organic matter accumulation in forest ecosystems. However, there is a lack of information about how N deposition and phosphorus (P) additions might impact soil C and N decomposition rates in subtropical forests under climate warming. We measured soil organic C and N mineralisation rates and corresponding exoenzyme activities in a subtropical forest soil that had received N and/or P additions for six years in experimental conditions at a range of temperatures between 10 and 40°C. Our results showed that soil organic C and N decomposition rates were positively correlated with the activities of their corresponding enzymes, which suggests that the extracellular enzyme activities could be the main influence on soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition rates. N additions had a significant positive effect on soil organic C mineralisation and enhanced oxidase and hydrolase activities. P additions had little effect on soil organic C and N decomposition rates. These results challenge the assumptions that soil microorganisms are N‐rich and P availability restricts organic matter decomposition, and provides additional evidence that N, not P, regulates organic matter decomposition in subtropical forests. While N additions significantly influenced the soil C and N decomposition rates, they had little effect on their sensitivity to temperature. In contrast, P additions had a significant effect on the temperature sensitivities of SOM decomposition and the βG and NAG Vmax. Overall, our results show that SOM decomposition is vulnerable to both N and P additions, and both should be considered when predicting how SOM decomposition and C cycling might change under warming.


Wind turbines (WTs) are of high potential and most promising among renewable energy sources (RESs), largely contributing to world's energy production. Moreover, within renewable energy technologies, wind energy technology is most advanced and the cost of wind power is close to that of fossil fuel power. Recent WT market trends have shown a 12%-13% annual increase in cumulative installed capacity. Such growth rate is anticipated to continue up to 2018, to reaching 596 GW of WT installations. Global leaders in the overall installed capacity of WTs are China, the USA, and Germany; Europe is on the second place behind Asia in the total installed capacity. Most of Europe has good conditions for energy production, hence very fast growing European market holds large producers of WTs, e.g. Enercon, ABB, Siemens, Vestas, Alstom, Gamesa, etc. Further, European wind power industry has formulated generation targets of 180 and 300 GW in 2020 and 2030, respectively


Vanillic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid) is a phenolic acid found in many plant extracts. It is used as a flavoring and scent agent and produces a pleasant, creamy odor. It is widely used in many applications for therapeutic purposes to flavoring agent. Molecularly imprinted polymers of vanillic acid were synthesized by precipitation polymerization with a noncovalent approach for the extraction from blood serum. Three different imprinted polymers have been synthesized with varying molar ratio of monomer. The synthesized polymer particles were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The extraction efficiency of highly selected imprinted polymer of vanillic acid from spiked blood serum was about 80%.


The thesis deals with professional social consultancy from the public' point of view. It aims at inquiring about people' opinions and approaches to finding the professional social consultancy services. The thesis consists of two parts; the theoretical and practical. In the former, the following concepts are specified: consultancy, assistance, crisis intervention, and distance forms of crisis intervention (phone and online consultancy). In the latter, the quantitative research of the respondents' approaches and opinions has been carried out including charts and graphs, results of the research and confirming or disproving the selected hypotheses.


Sensitivity-wise, europium, dyprosium, and holmium make the best tags for nylon. If the analyses are to be performed by a textile firm's own laboratory using the LEPD detection system, and if the firm is greater than 35 miles from a nuclear reactor, the elements, samarium, gadolinium, terbium, holmium, N'tterbium, or lutetium should be used. The rare earths, europium, dyprosium, erbium, and palladium, should only be used if the firm is located within 35 miles of the reactor or if the analyses are to be performed by a neutron-activation analysis laboratory located at such a reactor. '


Double-pinched Borel-Laplace sum rules are applied to ALEPH τ -decay data. For the leadingtwist (D = 0) Adler function a renormalon-motivated extension is used, and the 5-loop coefficient is taken to be d4 = 275 ± 63. Two D = 6 terms appear in the truncated OPE (D ≤ 6) to enable cancellation of the corresponding renormalon ambiguities. Two variants of the fixed order perturbation theory, and the inverse Borel transform, are applied to the evaluation of the D = 0 contribution. Truncation index Nt is fixed by the requirement of local insensitivity of the momenta a and a under variation of Nt. The averaged value of the coupling obtained is αs(m 2 τ ) = 0.3235 −0.0126 [αs(M 2 Z) = 0.1191±0.0016]. The theoretical uncertainties are significantly larger than the experimental ones.


The present invention relates to steroids included in cyclodextrins, characterized in that they have from 18 to 27 carbon atoms and are of the following type where the core is saturated (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) Process for inclusion of said steroids in cyclodextrins, galenic and complex forms thus obtained and their therapeutic applications.


Technology has the potential to offer Assessment Centre practitioners a number of benefits (Ballantyne & Povah, 2004). This article outlines the findings of a recent survey of attitudes towards the use, and perceived benefits of, technology in Assessment Centres.


A new species belonging to the Epidendrum difforme group is proposed from the Brazilian central Amazon near Manaus. It is described, illustrated and compared with close relatives. The species can be recognized by the tall, terete stems, the 3–9 simultaneous flowers, the lip shallowly 4-lobed with the mid-lobe formed by two rounded lobes, being deeply emarginate in the middle, and the citrus fragrance. The only other species of this group found in the vicinity is Epidendrum althausenii which is quite different. The new species is closely related to E. campaccii from eastern Brazil. The group presently includes about 125 species ranging from Florida to southern Brazil.


Polysiloxanes with covalently attached oligo ethylene oxide and di-t-butylphenol (I), naphthol (II), and hexafluoropropanol (III) were synthesized. The crosslinked polymers with a hexamethylene spacer were also prepared. The ion conductivities of the Li, Na, and K salts were measured as a function of temperature. The highest conductivities for K and Na of I at 30 o C were 5.5×10 -6 and 5.0×10 -5 S/cm, respectively, when the ratio of the ion to ethylene oxide unit was 0.014. On the other hand, Li conductivity was 8.0×10 -6 S/cm when the ratio between Li and ethylene oxide unit was 0.019


Recent two-dimensional photon-echo experiments suggest that excita- tion energy transfer in light harvesting systems occurs coherently rather than by incoherent hopping. The signature quantum beating of coherent energy transfer has been observed even at ambient temperatures. In this letter, we use an iterative linearized density matrix (ILDM) propagation approach to study this dynamics in a realistic multistate systembath model. Our calculations reproduce the observed 400 fs decoherence time, and studies that vary the system Hamiltonian and structured spectral density describing the chromophore networkprotein environment interac- tions give results that enable us to explore the role of initial coherence in energy transfer efficiency of the model network. Our findings suggest that the initial coherence has only a slight effect on energy transfer in this model system. We explore energy transfer optimization of different chromophores in the network by controlling environmentalproperties.Thisstudypointstotheimportanceofstochasticresonance behavior in determining optimal network throughput.


A series of perfluorophenyl-substituted dithienophosphole derivates has been synthesized. Investigation of their photophysical properties, as well as their organization in the solid state reveals that these properties can be manipulated via introduction of bromine substituents in 2,6-position of the dithienphosphole scaffold, as well as the complexation of the phosphorus center with an electron rich gold(I) fragment. The strongly electron-withdrawing character of the perfluorophenyl-group surmounts the effect of the oxidation of the phosphorus center with respect to photophysics, leading to leading to optoelectronic features similar to those of the trivalent phosphole species. The trivalent phosphole species. The solid-state organization of the members of this perfluorinated dithienophosphole family, on the other hand, strongly depends on the heteroatoms present within the system, as close intermolecular interactions can be observed between varieties of different atoms (Au-Au, Br-Br, Br-O, Br-C, F-C, O-S), next to regular C-C π-stacking interactions.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of large-volume whole lung lavage in the treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.Method Retrospective study of 6 patients identified by biopsy through bronchoalveolar lavage with domestic literature published were reviewed.Focused analysis on the anaesthesia administration,the methods of lung lavage,the efficacy was evaluated according to the improvement of symptoms,amelioration of chest radiograph or chest CT scan and the changes of pulmonary function and artery blood gas(ABG) analysis.Results After lavage,the symptoms,pulmonary function and ABG were markedly improved,the chest radiographs showed dissipation of lung consolidation.No severe complications observed in 6 cases.Conclusion Large-volume lung lavage is an effective and safe therapeutic method in the treatment of PAP.


Until 2008, German vital statistics has not provided information on biological birth order. We have tried to close part of this gap by providing order-specific fertility rates generated from Perinatal Statistics and statistics on out-of-hospital births for the period 2001-2008. This investigation has been published in Comparative Population Studies (CPoS) (see Kreyenfeld, Scholz, Peters and Wlosnewski 2010). The CPoS-paper describes how data from the Perinatal Statistics and statistics on out-of-hospital births can be used to estimate order-specific fertility rates. The main purpose of this Technical Report is to make available the original birth counts, which were used in the study published in CPoS. Furthermore, we provide additional background information on the data sources in this report.


Over a number of years, synthetic methods for the preparation of glycopeptide based vaccines have been refined to target the aberrant glycosylated and extensively over-expressed membrane-bound mucin MUC1 glycoprotein. On the epithelial cell surface, MUC1 forms tumor specific epitopes consisting of b...


Irreversible electroporation has emerged as a new modality to overcome issues associated with other energy sources for cardiac ablation. Strong evidence on the optimal, effective, and selective voltage threshold is lacking for both in vitro and preclinical in vivo studies. The aim of this study is to examine the optimal threshold for selective cell ablation on cardiac associated cell types.


In this paper, we explored the impact of surface roughness on ultra-thin dielectrics characteristics. Simple cubic lattice is used as a base for depositing spheres of radius R, designed as a thin film, as the base for simulation of defects generation and deposition. Continuum percolation model, used to generate a rough surface in order to analyse how roughness and temperature influence the conductivity, consists of randomly placed spheres of either one or some distribution of radii, which then form a thin, rough layer in question. It is shown that when the temperature of the substrate is increased material defects tend to form within the film contributing to a faster cluster growth and greater film conductivity. The influence of temperature on average cluster size for homogeneous distribution of defects is assumed according to the applied temperature (depending on the free carrier's diffusion length) is researched. It is evident from the performed simulations that temperature has an important influence on thin film conductivity in several different ways; it can contribute to the increase of the number of spanning clusters or the average size of clusters. This way, defects can either provide starting points for new spanning clusters or can encourage clusters merging. (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Biological science is one of the leading sciences in the 21st century.In order to set up a good and complete biological education system,a university should take these three aspects into considerations when academic programs,research interests and course offerings are considered.They are: technical education,universal education and primary education.


Objective To explore the dynamic changes of CD34 + cells and T lymphocyte subsets and best time of harvesting peripheral blood stem cell when G-CSF was used for peripheral blood stem cell mobilization in donors and patients. Methods A total of 12 donors and 16 patients who received chemotherapy for 7 d were injected G-CSF of 300 μg/d to mobilize peripheral blood stem cells for 5 d and flow cytometry were used to detect the changes of CD34 + cells and T lymphocyte subsets everyday for 5 d. Results ① Before G-CSF treatment, there were obvious differences in bone marrow CD34 + cells between patients and donors (P0.01). After 48-hour treatment, the amounts of CD34 + cells of both groups were obviously increased than before treatment (P0.01). The highest amounts were reached after 96-hour treatment with significant difference between two groups (P0.01). ② Before G-CSF treatment, there was no obvious difference between patients and donors in peripheral blood CD34 + cells. After 72-hour treatment, there was obvious increase in peripheral blood CD34 + cells in patients and donors (P0.01), but there was no obvious difference between each other. After 96 h, the highest values were reached, which were higher than that before G-CSF treatment (P0.01), but no difference between two groups. ③ There were no obvious changes in the donor's and patient's T lymphocyte subsets after using G-CSF for some days. Conclusion After mobilization for 96 h, the highest amounts of CD34 + cells in bone marrow or peripheral blood of patients and donors were reached and peripheral blood stem cells can be harvested.


The fields of organizational behavior (OB)/strategy and marketing have taken different paths over the past two decades to understanding organizational learning. OB/strategy has been pre-occupied with theory development and case study illustrations, whereas marketing has taken a highly quantitative path. Although relying on essentially the same foundation theory, the two disciplines have had minimal crossfertilization. Furthermore, both fields tend to blur or usually ignore the distinction between structural and informal knowledge processes. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the distinction between informal and structural knowledge acquisition and dissemination processes and propose new definitions to differentiate them. Future research should bring together cross-disciplinary studies from OB/strategy and marketing to develop an organizational learning framework to test structural knowledge processes alongside informal knowledge processes.


Currently a combination of fluorescence microscopy with spectroscopic analysis in a balance way has played an important role in providing new and exciting information for the in vivo study of cell, such as diatoms, photosynthetic marine microorganisms. Diatoms contain photosynthetic pigments, carotenoid and chlorophylls molecules, in their machinery to harvest the sunlight energy for growth. Lacking of these pigments might influence to the overall metabolisms of the cells. Here we reported our work to construct a simple homebuilt confocal fluorescence spectromicroscopy to study the cells of Chaetoceros muelleri diatom. The setup was design to get simultaneous data of the image of the single fluorescence cell and the emission spectrum of it.


The study aims to identify the connections between the market indices of public limited companies and the development of the capital market under the conditions of a transition to a functioning market economy. The analysis has shown that during the period surveyed - between 2000 and 2005, the indices i?½net profiti?½ and i?½net monetary flowi?½ for the public limited companies analyzed were subject to a considerable variation and often took on negative values. This fact indicates a considerable business and financial risk, as well as a virtual absence of profit and net monetary flows management broken down by years.The indices calculated on the basis of net profit and net monetary flows are unsuitable for comparing and assessing the capital market. For this reason the consolidated data reflect the indices i?½Price/ Receipts per Sharei?½, i?½Price/ Long-term Assets per Sharei?½, Price/ Assets per Sharei?½; and Price/Equity per sharei?½.In conclusion, it is stated that the results of the policy intended to develop the capital market mark a very favourable trend; however the market incentives should continue under the new conditions after Bulgariai?½s accession to the European Union.


Background: Epigenetic age, captured by DNA methylation changes, is thought to be more informative with respect to disease risk and progression, than chronological age. A few studies have associated epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), the difference between DNA methylation age (DNAm age) and chronological age, with BC risk and subtypes. However, most of these studies were conducted in Western populations. In this study, we examined EAA in an Asian population, in which BC incidence rate is lower and age at BC onset is younger compared to most Western populations. Methods: We performed genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of 97 tumor and 89 paired distant normal tissue samples collected from BC patients in Hong Kong (HK) using an Illumina MethylationEPIC array. Two independent datasets were used to compare results: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n=525 tumor and n=88 adjacent normal) and healthy women from the Komen tissue bank (n=59). DNAm age was calculated using Horvath9s model based on 353 CpGs. The significance of EAA was tested using a simple linear regression model. We also used a multivariate regression model to test for equality of slopes (EAA rates) among different BC subtypes or datasets, considering interaction terms between age and subtype/dataset. Results: The average age at BC diagnosis was 58 years old (range: 33-81) and the distribution of the molecular subtype based on PAM50 was 43.0%, 29.1%, and 27.9% for luminal A, luminal B, and HER2-enriched/basal tumors, respectively. As expected, DNAm age showed a stronger correlation with chronological age in normal tissue (r=0.78, p Conclusion: Consistent with previous studies, we found that EAA in tumor samples varied across tumor subtypes. We also found that HK BC patients9 epigenetic age accelerated at a different rate compared to predominantly white TCGA and Komen women, suggesting a potential racial biological difference. Large studies in other Asian populations are warranted to confirm our findings, which may provide biological insight into racial heterogeneity of BC, especially with regard to age at onset. Citation Format: Hela Koka, Bin Zhu, Shelly Lap Ah Tse, Difei Wang, Maeve Kiely, Jennifer Lyn Guida, Priscilla Lee, Feng Wang, Cherry Wu, Koon Ho Tsang, Wing-cheong Chan, Sze Hong Law, Eric Karlins, Bin Zhu, Amy Hutchinson, Belynda Hicks, Xiaohong R. Yang. DNA methylation age of paired tumor-normal breast tissue in Chinese women with breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 146.


Yemen is among the poorest countries in the world, with a GDP per capita of US$460. It faces structural and policy constraints to achieve sustainable employment-generating growth and delivering the necessary public services to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) targets. The country is compounded by high population growth (about 3% per year) and the resulting young age distribution (i.e. half of the population below age 15). The decade of the 1990s was one of the most dramatic periods in Yemen's rich history. Unification of the two Yemenis, rapid development of an oil sector, and a radically changed external environment, fundamentally transformed the opportunities and challenges the Yemeni people face.


Abstract:The risk management of construction project is an important tache in the whole life-cycle period of the project. All the process of the risk management including several taches of identifying,analyzing,assessing,controlling, decision-making of the risks is summarized from the view of the system theory in this paper.The process of risk analysis and assessment is also mostly analyzed.And taking the method of fault tree analysis and fountain of risk assessment an example,these methods is made use of to briefly analyze and assess the risks of construction project.Finally,in this paper, risk control and decision-making process are briefly expounded.


The social credit system plays a crucial role for a national and regional economic development of the credit.Based on the survey of enterprises and consumers in Tianjin,using weighted evaluation method and comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method,Tianjin social credit system was evaluated and concluded in this article as that:at present,although this system has a certain foundation,but not perfect,and far from being able to meet the needs of economic development.It then suggests a better credit system in Tianjin should be established from the following aspects,namely,the system of penalty of breaking faith;the credit guarantee system;the credit service system;the credit evaluation system;the credit education system and the legal system.


We present a detailed comparison, in a comprehensive framew ork, of Mobile IP and seven of the main IP Micromobility protocols. We first describe the global mobility la ndscape and point out the important issues that must be addressed. These are mainly Handoff management, Passive Connectivity and Paging support, Scalability and Robustness. Based on this framework, we examine in a first ste p Mobile IP as a Macro-mobility protocol. In a second step, we compare seven recently proposed IP Micro-mobility protocols: Hierarchical Mobile IP, Proactive Handoff, Fast Handoff, TeleMIP, Cellular IP, HAWAII, and EMA.


A viaries aside, there are no nightingales in North America. Perhaps you didn't know that, it never having occurred to you to itemize your homeland's non-beings. In fact, I can think of only one country about which such a statement is commonly made. Everybody knows that there are no snakes in Ireland. We know this because the Irish have told us a story about it, the story being that there used to be snakes galore until someone, St. Patrick, chased them out. It is a story about an absence, made possible by the assumption that such an absence must have resulted from an act of subtraction. That something is not there means that someone took it away. Doubtless the snakes are not missed much, but other absences are another matter. Take the official map of Ireland, a map that oddly includes a piece of someplace else. To contemplate a country thus represented is to take into account a part of it that is not there, because -- you will be told-it was taken away. This habit of noticing something missing and hypothesizing about how it got away seems to built into the Irish character, at least in the works of James Joyce. In Ulysses the Citizen considers an expanse of plains and sees an absence of trees, therefore a sign of (English) deforestation (U 268). Leopold Bloom explains what he considers the exiguous physiques of the native women as resulting from Ireland's sunlessness (U 521), the "tenebrosity" that Stephen in turn calls an "Egypt's plague" of divine withdrawal (U 322). Ergo, Irish womankind has ceased to fill out properly because the sun has ceased to shine on her -- as it has, by contrast, on the voluptuously Mediterranean Molly. Stephen has been raised to think of his country as a kingdom without -- therefore deprived of -- its rightful (uncrowned) king, who is now dead -- therefore murdered: when Mr Casey alludes to an incident 'before the chief died," Mr Dedalus corrects him: "Before he was killed, you mean" (P 36). As for Mr Dedalus's antagonist, Mrs Riordan, when she and her fellow Catholics seek out their island's center of spiritual authority they must settle for the pro-cathedral -- literally "for the [absent] cathedral," translated approximately as "not a cathedral." Dublin is the only major Catholic city without a Catholic cathedral. It used to have one, but it was taken away. Not being mad, I don't wish to become involved in assessing the merits of such perceptions. Enough to remark that there is this habit of mind, to which Joyce is attuned. How did the crow become black and hoarse? It was once fair and melodious, but (in Ovid's account) was deprived of its beauty by an angry god. How did women come to be genitally what Bloom calls them, "the cloven sex," distinguished by absence, not presence? Rabelais's version encourages us to thing of them as men, mutilated. Come to that, how did the sexes come into separate existence at all? Plato's Aristophanes imagines an original rotund androgynous ideal cut into halves by yet another angry god. You will find variations on these and other creation-subtractions stories, including the one about Patrick and the snakes, distributed throughout Finnegans Wake. They attest to Joyce's continuing participation in what he elsewhere shows to be the Irish habit of looking hard at what isn't there. The reliability of this approach as a detector of truth is re regrettably equivocal. Yes, on the one hand it can, like Sherlock Holmes's attention to the non-barking dog, sharpen the perception to clues otherwise overlooked: the Citizen is essentially right about deforestation. On the other hand, it can mistakenly posit things that were never there: the same Citizen is wrong that Bloom's failure to buy drinks amounts to his withholding shares in a windfall. Parnell wasn't really a king, and he wasn't exactly killed. Just how to take what isn't there has long been recognized as a major issue of Joyce interpretation, most famously addressed by Hugh Kenner in his exposition of what he calls Joyce's "rhetoric of silence. …


The problem of delay-dependent robust stabilization for uncertain system with time-delay is considered. By means of the Lyapunov function and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) technique, a delay-dependent sufficient condition is derived for the existence of a state feedback controller, which ensures asymptotic stability of the closed system for all admissible uncertainties. Unlike previous methods, the mathematical development avoids system transforming and bounding certain cross terms which often lead to conservatism. In terms of the solutions of LMIs, the robust stabilization controller is presented. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method


The sorption of iodine from air is reviewed, and the thermodynamic and mass transfer aspects of iodine sorption on copper are discussed. Dynamic sorption experiments on copper mesh and silver-plated copper mesh for measuring the mass transfer of iodine from air to solid are reported. (D.L.C.)


Summary

The literature regarding Wilms tumour of the kidney in the adult has been reviewed; probably 35 cases have been reported, of which 4 have survived for an appreciable time and of which 2 are known to be alive.

A third case remaining in good health five years after operation is described detail.


The flow-enhanced corrosion of mild steel has been examined in high-temperature spent Bayer liquor as a function of Reynolds number, fluid flow disturbance, and electrolyte aeration. ne electrochemical characteristics of the steel in this electrolyte was derived using a high-pressure nickel flow loop at 160 degrees C (total gauge pressure = 0. 7 MPa to 0.9 MPa). The influence of both a sudden pipe expansion and a pipe contraction on both corrosion rate and polarization behavior was quantified. Considering the mechanism of the corrosion reaction, electrolyte mass transfer did not directly control the electrochemical rates of either the cathodic or anodic currents at the corrosion potential. It is concluded that chemical modification and/or dissolution/erosion of passivating layers may have a strong influence over the metal loss of the steel observed in some alumina plants. Aeration of the liquor was found to be a significant factor regarding passivation rates and the corrosion characteristics of acid-treated steel, and it caused an overall increase in the rate of active and. passive steel dissolution relative to the deoxygenated state for all but one electrode. However, the time to passivation was relatively low at high fluid velocities (Re congruent to 141,500), which led to a 27016 to 509,6 reduction in metal loss over a caustic exposure time of 19 h. At low velocities (Re congruent to 50,900), time to passivation in the aerated liquor was also lowered, but not to the same order as that observed in the high-velocity area. Therefore, as a result of elevated reaction rates in the presence of oxygen, total corrosive losses over this short operating period were up to 37%, higher than that of the deoxygenated electrolyte. The results were essentially independent of the level off low disturbance.


This study aimed to identify research gaps on the topic "Non-Parametric Statistical Tests", specifically showing an application of the Mann-Whitney Test. To achieve this goal, an application of this test was performed on data from a chemical industry in the South Fluminense region. It is noteworthy that the confidentiality of the data was prioritized, for the sake of the company's interest.


This production study investigates nasal place assimilation in VN#g sequences in high and low frequency particle verbs of the type 'hingeben' (sacrifice) in German, and in different focusbackground structures. Effects of word frequency were limited to two out of five speakers, whereas effects of focus-background structure were found for all five. Articulatory reduction strategies (high frequency; background) differed across speakers. Whereas one speaker substituted the coronal gesture, the other four weakened it by reducing (i) the alveolar plateau duration and (ii) the extent of contact in the alveolar region and (iii) the gestural overlap (possibly a byproduct of (i)).


This paper examines the effects of predatory strategies from rivals on firm innovation. Using Hoberg, Phillips and Prabhala's (2014) product market fluidity to capture competitive threats from rivals, we find that firms with high product market threats invest more in R&D and generate higher number of patents and patent citations. Using shifts in import tariffs as a quasi-natural experiment to detect the exogenous shocks to competition, we show that firms with high competitive threats tend to be more innovative following the shocks. We further document that the effects of product market threats on innovation are more pronounced for firms with smaller market shares or firms in more competitive industries. Overall, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that product market threats create incentives for firms to innovate to "escape competition."


Cooking and eating qualities of two rice varieties in Korea, an Indica type 'Tongil' and a Japonica type 'Jinheung', were investigated to compare each other. Cooked rice of Tongil variety absorbed more water at the same water-to-rice ratio, showed higher mechanical hardness and needed 20% higher water-to-rice ratio to maintain the same hardness as compared with Jinheung variety. Optimum water-to-rice ratios in cooking were shown to be 140% for Tongil and 120% for Jinheung as judged from the reciprocal hardness scale among textural parameters of cooked rice. When the degrees of gelatinization and retrogradation were determined from enzymic digestion, iodine colorimetric method and textural parameters, Tongil variety showed lower degrees of gelatinization and retrogradation than Jinheung variety did. Tongil variety exhibited a higher gelatinization temperature and lower maximum viscosity and breakdown in the amylograms of the rice powder than Jinheung variety did.


One of the main reasons why Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) systems are currently not widely used lies in their high resource consumption: <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3f+1$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="distler-ieq1-2495213.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> replicas are required to tolerate only <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="distler-ieq2-2495213.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> faults. Recent works have been able to reduce the minimum number of replicas to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2f+1$</tex-math> <alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="distler-ieq3-2495213.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> by relying on trusted subsystems that prevent a faulty replica from making conflicting statements to other replicas without being detected. Nevertheless, having been designed with the focus on fault handling, during normal-case operation these systems still use more resources than actually necessary to make progress in the absence of faults. This paper presents <italic>Resource-efficient Byzantine Fault Tolerance</italic> (<sc>ReBFT</sc>), an approach that minimizes the resource usage of a BFT system during normal-case operation by keeping <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="distler-ieq4-2495213.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula> replicas in a passive mode. In contrast to active replicas, passive replicas neither participate in the agreement protocol nor execute client requests; instead, they are brought up to speed by verified state updates provided by active replicas. In case of suspected or detected faults, passive replicas are activated in a consistent manner. To underline the flexibility of our approach, we apply <sc>ReBFT</sc> to two existing BFT systems: PBFT and MinBFT.


The purpose of this study is to set up of value factors for selecting objectively architectures related to tourism with development of the architecture tour program. For the purpose, characteristics of architectures related to tourism were analyzed, value factors through literature survey were derived, and relative weight between value factors using AHP survey by architectural experts were studied. The results is as follows. Architectures related to tourism were classified into buildings as tour resources and as tour facilities. Those architectures involve physical, meaning, and using characteristics but one kind of characteristics is not influenced to a building. With change of tour type, those architectures are influenced with more various and complex factors. Value factors of architecture related to tourism are derived five value factors in primary level and 18 value factors in second level. The relative weight in primary level is history, architecture, placeness, economy, and sociality in order. In second level, value factors within history and sociality were realized with same value in importance between researchers and field experts. The evaluation frame about architectures related to tourism was made with the results of AHP analysis.


Distributed control relies on communication network among distributed generators (DGs), which is commonly influenced by noises. Furthermore, reactive power deviations may be deteriorated under different communication noises. In this paper, an improved consensus-based distributed control considering communication noises is developed in AC autonomous microgrids, which is capable of attenuating the impact of noises. The traditional consensus-based distributed control is introduced and noises are also considered in traditional control. In order to attenuate the influence of noises, a consensus gain function is involved, which can attenuate the impacts in reactive power sharing. By using this proposed method, the proportional reactive power sharing is achieved under noises. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Disclosed is a crust premix, which is a premix A or a premix B. The raw material of the premix A comprises, by mass, 85-95% of flour, 0.8-1.5% of a swelling agent A, 0.4-0.8% of an acidifier, 1-3% of an emulsifier, 2-4% of flavoring agents, and 2-4% of powdered oil, and the swelling agent A is a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and yeast. The raw material of the premix B comprises, by mass ratio, 85.8-93.2% of the flour, 1.0-2.0% of a swelling agent B, 0.8-1.2% of the acidifier, 1-3% of the emulsifier, 2-4% of the flavoring agents, and 2-4% of the powdered oil, and the swelling agent B is a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and ammonium bicarbonate.


Asthma is a lung disease and incurable in nature. It can be only controlled by the proper medication after the correct diagnosis. In the absence of the correct diagnosis, it is very difficult to detect the different stages of asthma. In this study, for the riddance of misdiagnosis problem, expertise, knowledge has been translated into the machine learning and designed a tool for the diagnosis of Asthma. The experts' knowledge and assessments on these four symptoms have been translated as input into Support vector machine (SVM) based on machine learning approaches. And the severity of Asthma has been diagnosed as an output. This tool has been developed in Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 with four input parameters Forced vital capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in the first, second, Forced expiratory volume (FEV) (FEV1) (viz. FVC, and PERF) and one output in the form of severity. The efficacy of this tool is approximately 78.11%. This tool possibly will be useful for newer practitioners as well as researchers working in this area. The underlying technology for this tool is machine learning approach based on Support Vector Machine.


Since Russia and China are both leading states on the Eurasian continent, the dynamism of their relations to a large extent dominates the dynamics of geopolitical processes in the region. The growing and escalating stand-off with the West in both countries, notably due to the recent developments in Ukraine, appears likely to further the rapprochement between Moscow and Beijing on many issues of strategic interaction. The relevant question in that context is whether the Russian and Chinese perceptions of Eurasia, of Eurasian regionalism, are truly compatible. In the past few years, Russia has made considerable attempts to foster its vision of an external international order on the continent, including the popularisation and substantiation of Eurasia as a concept with regard to its geopolitical surroundings. One of the main consumers of these ideas was supposed to be China. Have Russian endeavours accomplished their goals? In seeking to provide an appropriate response to this question, the authors have focused on an analysis of both states' expert and academic discourse on Eurasia and Eurasian regionalism. This article conceptualises Eurasia as a social construct, an element of foreign policy discourse that is intended to be mirrored in academic and expert discourse. A comparative analysis of Russian and Chinese discourses should ascertain – albeit at least in part – the extent to which Beijing has embraced Moscow's ideas on the development of Eurasian regionalism and the proximity of Russian and Chinese approaches to the international order of the continent or a particular part of it.


In vitro antioxidant and anticoagulant activities of 50% ethanolic extract from Ganghwa medicinal mugwort ( Artemisia princeps Pampanini) were investigated. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the mugwort extract were 106.9±3.3 and 34.1±0.4 mg/g-extract, respectively. The mugwort extract possessed a potent scavenging activity against radicals and nitrite, reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Also the mugwort extract delayed the plasma coagulation time through the inhibition of common coagulation pathway in a dose-dependent manner.