In China, as statutory non-cultural relic buildings, the conservation and reuse of historic buildings have received increasing attention in recent years. Among them, the investigation and value evaluation of historic buildings are the basis and core of the conservation work, and many cities have explored related technologies and methods according to local conditions. This paper takes the historic building resources in Xi'an as the research object, with the core of historic building registration and the principles of scientificity and operability. It proposes the methods and basic processes for investigating historic building resources and constructs a step-by-step evaluation system for the historic buildings in Xi'an. This research first formulates a registration standard for the identification and evaluation of historic buildings, then applies the analytic hierarchy process, Delphi method, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to assess the comprehensive value of historic buildings. Finally, it was recognized that the historic building resources are primarily modern and contemporary buildings, playing a significant role in the cultural continuity of the ancient capital, Xi'an. In its value evaluation, emphasis should be placed on the environmental landscape value and socio-cultural value. At the same time, it is necessary to consider the comprehensive value and sub-indicators of historic buildings so that they can guide conservation and adaptation practices in a targeted manner.


A SAR simulator for image quality evaluation is presented. This simulator can be used for the estimation of SAR image quality performance from the simulated raw data and the verification of the SAR payload design parameter associated with the image quality parameters. Evaluation of SAR image quality is achieved by analyzing the error effect of system parameter using the developed simulator.


This chapter evaluates the concept of genetic privacy and its relationship with biobanking. Genetic privacy is simply a sub-concept of privacy referring to states of separation and exclusivity arising in relation to the processing of genetic data. Genetic privacy rights, then, are simply a subset of privacy rights relating to the processing of genetic data. The chapter then proceeds to map the range of genetic privacy rights engaged by the biobanking process along two axes: the transactional axis—genetic privacy rights held by research subjects; and the relational axis—genetic privacy right held by genetic relatives and genetic groups. Subsequently, it moves to map other types of interests engaged by biobanking, including interests related to the research process and third-party non-research interests in accessing biobank substances. Finally, the chapter offers a rough schematic of the relationships, including conflicts and confluences, between identified rights and interests.


PID and Predictive Control of Electric Drives and Power Supplies using MATLAB/Simulink examines the classical control system strategies, such as PID control, feed-forward control and cascade control, which are widely used in current practice. The authors share their experiences in actual design and implementation of the control systems on laboratory test-beds, taking the reader from the fundamentals through to more sophisticated design and analysis. The book contains sections on closed-loop performance analysis in both frequency domain and time domain, presented to help the designer in selection of controller parameters and validation of the control system. Continuous-time model predictive control systems are designed for the drives and power supplies, and operational constraints are imposed in the design. Discretetime model predictive control systems are designed based on the discretization of the physical models, which will appeal to readers who are more familiar with sampled-data control system. Soft sensors and observers will be discussed for low cost implementation. Resonant control of the electric drives and power supply will be discussed to deal with the problems of bias in sensors and unbalanced three phase AC currents.


This paper presents a contribution in matter of robustness of a previous method of 3D objects watermarking [10] based on wavelet decomposition on semi-regular triangular meshes. This decomposition gives rise to a multiresolution mesh where the watermark could be embedded at each level of resolution, in this case we talk about a hierarchical watermarking. In practice the robustness of the previous method against geometrical attacks was high only in the low resolution which makes it far from being a hierarchical method. Our analysis made on the fragility of that method allowed us to reveal the cause which was not primarily the bad bits quantization of the watermark, but rather the alteration of the sequencing of the embedded bits (synchronization). Our contribution is to replace the previous geometrical mechanism with a new topological synchronization mechanism, which has resulted a real hierarchical and robust watermarking.


Solid-state chemical pretreatment at room temperature was adopted to evaluate the methane production potential of rice straw. Dried rice straw was homogenized with distilled water at a 1:3 ratio and pretreated for 6 h, 24 h, 72 h, 120 h, and 168 h. The effects of the pretreatment time with three chemicals (H2O2, Ca(OH)2, and NH3·H2O) on the methane yield were investigated. The results showed that the anaerobic digestion performance was improved for solid-state chemical pretreatment of room temperature-treated rice straw. The biogas yields from the treatments with H2O2 for 168 h, Ca(OH)2 for 72 h, and NH3·H2O for 120 h were 386.6 mL/g VS, 413.5 mL/g VS, and 390.5 mL/g VS, which were 35.8%, 45.2%, and 37.2% higher than that from the untreated rice straw, respectively. Therefore, it is feasible to shorten the pretreatment time of rice straw for these three chemical solutions.


indicates that the reliability coefficient depends on three quantities: k, the number of items in the test; Spq, the sum of the item variances; and 0-2 the variance of the test scores. These three quantites are necessarily related. The larger the value of k, in general, the larger the values of Spq and (-2. But, for tests of usual length, it is variation from test to test in the value of 0-2 that is responsible for most of the observed variations in test reliability.


An energy efficiency (EE) maximization scheme in a spectrum overlay scenario with multiple primary users (PUs) and one cognitive radio (CR) user (secondary user, SU) co-existing side by side bands is considered, where instead of using conventional interference power constraint (IPC) to ensure normal transmission of PUs, a timeout probability constraint (TPC) transformed from the delay effect of PUs is proposed to limit the interference from SU. We formulate the resulting problem as an epigraph problem and transform the non-convex objective function to the convex one. Numerical and simulation results are provided to show the impacts of system parameters and verify the efficiency of our proposed scheme.


In order to evaluate the actual illumination effect of high-pressure sodium lamp on the road, a high-pressure sodium lamp illuminance test system is developed in this paper. In the testing of sodium lamp illumination, light intensity distribution is the most important evaluation index. It is also one of the most difficult physical parameters to test due to its large amount of data and high accuracy requirements. This thesis investigates a fast and high-precision testing method for light intensity distribution of high-pressure sodium lamps, so as to improve the measurement of sodium lighting. The system performs light intensity distribution testing in the laboratory, studies the test method of light intensity illuminance distribution of high-pressure sodium lamps, uses Matlab to optically model high-pressure sodium lamps, uses various methods to model the data obtained from the experiments, and analyzes the resulting illuminance data, the system is able to quickly test and evaluate the illuminance of high-pressure sodium lamps after installation.


Recent sulphur-asphalt research is briefly outline, and a Nevada experimental project to determine (by field trial and evaluation) if the properties of the sulphur-asphalt concrete pavement are equivalent to those of the conventional asphalt concrete pavement are described. The conventional pavement design called for the use of a graded aggregate with an asphalt demand of 6.5 percent of the total paving mixture. The aggregate used in the experimental section was a standard Type II aggregate with mineral sizes varying from 3/8 of an inch to 1 inch. A total of 1,200 tons of sulphur-asphalt mixture has was used in the experimental section. The sulphur asphalt binder at 7.55% weight of the mix required 22 tons of sulphur and 68.6 tons of asphalt. Sulphur-asphalt paving mixtures can be prepared in either conventional batch-type or continuous-mixing type hot plants, modified only for sulphur landing. Modifications to the batch-type plant, the hot-mix production, and the paving construction are described in outline. The experimental project shows that, in potentially large-scale uses, sulphur will extend or replace some strategic materials. On this project, a savings of about $750 was realized due to replaced asphalt.


Economics' concept of human capital (HC) is very important as using this term allows us to recognize the huge quantity of real resources that are in people. These resources allow people in the economy to behave better and be more productive than if they were not endowed with these capabilities. There are, however, problems with the concept of HC in mainstream economics. Notably, mainstream HC reflects the mechanistic nature of the economics discipline. And utilizing the mainstream HC concept does not help one gain an adequate understanding of how human capacities develop or fail to develop during an individual's lifespan. Because of these problems, the purpose of this chapter is to move beyond mainstream HC by integrating the HC concept with the concept of human development (HD). Doing this will allow us to better understand how important HC resources come into existence, develop further, and sometimes fail to develop. Based on a more developmental understanding of HC, one can appreciate that there are many more kinds of opportunities to invest in HC than one could conceive of from reading the mainstream HC literature. In particular, there is a great deal of HC formation that is psychological, social, and emotional in nature, that is, noncognitive in nature. How well people develop their noncognitive HC capabilities is extremely important for the behavior and productivity of the economy.


The ongoing biodiversity crisis necessitates assessment of rare and endemic taxa so that we can recognize how global climate change influences species distributions and understand when local extirpations may amount to global extinctions. Vertical cliffs provide a unique ecosystem for highly adapted species to avoid competition. Cliff-dwelling species incur strong selective pressures that lead to regional restrictions and narrow distributions. Aliciella penstemonoides (M.E. Jones) J.M. Porter (Black Canyon Gilia) is a cliff habitat specialist in the Polemoniaceae (Phlox) family and is restricted to vertical cliff habitats above stream and river drainages of the Upper Gunnison River Basin and Headwaters of the Rio Grande in southwest-central Colorado, USA. Field research in 2016 located 14 populations of A. penstemonoides and identified over 2,000 individuals, indicating that this species is locally abundant yet regionally rare. I employed distance sampling line transect methods in combination with rock climbing techniques to document population density and threats across five populations. MaxEnt software modeled the current extent of suitable habitat and predicted suitable habitat under projected climate scenarios for 2050. Models had excellent accuracy according to evaluation statistics and indicate a loss of 70 - 99% of suitable habitat by 2050. I screened microsatellite markers developed for a distant relative (Ipomopsis aggregata) for cross-species applicability in A. penstemonoides. Four microsatellites showed amplification of targeted loci and indicate genetic conservatism within the Loeselieae tribe and Polemoniaceae family. Further research is needed to complete an assessment of intraspecific genetic diversity. A. penstemonoides is confined to narrowly distributed habitats across a relatively large range, yet retains the ability to occupy a wide array of microhabitats and morphologies within an occupied cliff face. Morphological diversity may be accompanied by genetic or thermotolerance diversity, and may provide a means for adaptation and survival in future climates. Populations are often separated by expanses of unsuitable habitat and appear to have adapted to local rock surface variability. Future research may use A. penstemonoides as a model species to test how fragmented populations of a narrowly restricted species respond to a rapidly changing climate.


Polycrystalline copper films thicker than 100 nm were evaporated on silicon wafers with their native oxide under ultrahigh vacuum conditions leading to an rms roughness of ~2 nm of the copper film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed a clean copper surface with only traces of oxygen. The samples were exposed to air, leading to an oxide film consisting of CuO. TiO films were subsequently deposited onto the oxidized copper films from a resistively heated tungsten boat with the substrate at room temperature. The TiO films exhibited good adherence and were amorphous. XPS measurements revealed that the TiO films were contamination-free and that the first layers of TiO reduced the thin native oxide of the copper substrate from Cu(II) into Cu(I) or Cu(0) and transformed the TiO into TiO2 at the interface.


In an attempt to generate a secretory IgA (sIgA) immune response to the dietary carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB), we coimmunized New Zealand white rabbits through chronically isolated ileal loops' with AFB coupled to porcine thyroglobulin (TG) and cholera toxin (CT), a potent mucosal adjuvant.2 This protocol resulted in a negligible sIgA anti-AFB response (FIG. l), in contrast to prior studies with conjugates made with the carcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene.'" The sIgA anti-CT and anti-TG responses of animals immunized


Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is one of the most prevalent pathogens that cause nosocomial infection in critical patients. However, the mechanisms underlying macrophage growth status and functional changes during PA infection are yet unknown. In the present study, NADPH oxidase, gp91phox (NOX2) mediated macrophage to senescence in a PAO1 colony-dependent manner. gp91phox might regulate the senescence process through mutual interaction with the NF-κB pathway. During infection, the overexpression or downregulation of gp91phox in macrophage could affect the nuclear activity of NF-κB p65, while the downregulation of NF-κB p65 led to a suppressed expression of gp91phox. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) served as the second messenger between both molecules as the ROS inhibitor, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), could partially restore these changes. Consequently, the level of ROS and inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNFα, elevated during PAO1 infection, and their production altered as a result of the genetic manipulation of gp91phox and NF-κB p65, as well as NAC treatment. Also, the senescent phenotypes, SA-β-gal staining and p16ink4a, changed after genetic manipulation with gp91phox and NF-κB p65 and NAC treatment. The capacity of phagocytosis in macrophages was decreased during senescence. In conclusion, PA directs the macrophage towards senescence, and senescent macrophages exhibit a decreased ability of phagocytosis. This process of senescence was regulated by the interactions between NADPH oxidase gp91phox and NF-κB p65 via ROS as a second messenger.


In a study in mice, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh demonstrated that stem cells harvested from extracted teeth could potentially be used to restore sight.


The transmission of water-borne diseases is still a matter of major concern, despite worldwide efforts and modern technologies utilised for the production of safe drinking water. This problem is not confined to the developing world where treatment may be non-existent or inadequate. There may also be contamination during storage, a lack of regulations and limited understanding and awareness among the population (AAM, 1996). It may also assume serious proportions in industrial countries (Kramer et al., 1996). Mechanical failure, human error or deterioration in the quality of the source water can lead to the failure of even the best treatment systems and disinfection processes (MacKenzie et al., 1994; Roefer et al., 1996). Rapid and reliable routine monitoring of the microbiological quality of source and treated drinking water will therefore remain of fundamental importance in the control of water-borne diseases (Sobsey et al., 1993). The purpose of this report is to create a broader understanding among IWA members and other interested parties of developments in the field of rapid methods for microbiological monitoring of water. Microbiological monitoring of source and drinking water is also associated with several other issues of concern that have never been fully resolved. These include the type and range of microorganisms to be tested for, the required frequency of sampling and the ease of analysis (Pipes, 1990). Although all these issues are of great importance, this report will focus on the need for rapid microbiological analyses and the current state of the art. The document consists of two parts. First, the report itself gives an overview of the requirements for and developments in rapid microbiological methods. Only the broad issues of concern are addressed since the report is not meant to be an in-depth study. Secondly, attached to the report is a separate bibliography of literature related to the rapid detection of microbes in source and drinking water. The purpose of this bibliography is


This paper proposes single carrier sinusoidal PWM based cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter which employs single dc input power source with isolated unequal turns ratio low-frequency power transformers. Generally cascaded H-Bridge inverters are used to generate levels under trinary fashion switching scheme, where, n represents the number of H-Bridges used. In this topology three H-Bridges are used and hence 27 levels are achieved with single DC input and multi winding transformer unit. Hence harmonics are reduced in the output level. Therefore, an economical and efficient inverter can be designed. In this proposed topology trinary switching pattern is used to achieve the desired levels. Single carrier sinusoidal modulation (SC-SPWM) technique is used which provides variable voltage and a variable frequency supply. The effectiveness of the system is verified through simulation using MATLAB/Simulink. 1323211)(...,,N)(N


Objective: To observe effects of locking compression plate in treatment of fracture of femur. Methods: The clinical data of 18 patients which underwent operation of LCP between June 2006 and June 2008 were analyzed. Results: All the patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months, averaged 12 months.No nunion and delayed union occurred,no infection and internal failure happened. Conclusion: The treatment of locking compression plate is a safe and effective method for fracture of femur.


Pt-modified nickel aluminide coatings have been more widely used for protection of jet-engine components against high-temperature oxidation. The coating rumpling of two Pt-content NiPtAl coatings was studied in this paper during high temperature exposure. The results indicated that the NiPtAl coating grains size made a great contribution to the oxide surface morphologies, especially rumpling. Smaller grain size within high-Pt coating indicated a denser rumpling compared to low-Pt coating due to PtAl2 formation in the earlier coating. The failed local alumina at the ridges was also found on the low-Pt coating after cyclic oxidatioin. It was found that polished treatment resulted a comparatively flat and homogeneous oxide layer compared to as-received coatings. The temperature cycling could promote the aluminide coating rumpling, however, the polished treatment could not completely eliminate the roughening.


A delayed periodicn-species simple food-chain system with Holling type-II functional response is investigated. By means of Gaines and Mawhin's continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory and by constructing appropriate Lyapunov functionals, sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence and global attractivity of positive periodic solutions of the system.


Abstract 2′-Hydroxy-6′-methoxyacetophenone was obtained in 66% yield from 3-methoxyphenol. In the key step, 3-methoxyphenol protected by means of ethylvinyl ether was selectively metallated at the 2-position with butyllithium. Addition of ZnCl2 to the aryllithium gave the corresponding organozinc compound, which readily reacted on acetyl chloride under palladium catalysis.


The author has put forward the quality demands on supervision engineers aiming at the reform of administration system in engineering architectur e after our country entered into WTO, and especially for the implement of arc hitecture and engineering system. According to the statistic data of our superv isors and the demand of market, we proof the probability of setting up the archi tecture and engineering's supervision speciality, and expatiate to the problems of knowledge construction and how to optimize the curriculum system as a whole.


In case of construction of two tunnels excavated in close proximity to each other, the prediction of the influence of a new tunnel construction on an already existing one plays an important role. In the present study a non-linear finite element analysis is used. Investigate the influence of alignment of the new circular tunnel as well as the relative position between the two tunnels with the same diameter (D) embedded in dense sand soil on the behavior of the existing circular tunnel is presented. For all cases, the existing tunnel is located at depth 8D from the ground surface. Four groups of different configurations for the new circular tunnel are taken into account related to the relative angular position (ω) between the two tunnels, where (ω) = 0.0 o , 30 o , 60 o and 90 o . For each group, the spacing between the centers of the two tunnels (S) varies as 1.5D, 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D and 6D. When comparing the obtained results to single tunnel case, it is noticed that Alignment (ω) between an existing tunnel and a new one ≤ 30 has insignificant effect on the radial deflections of the existing tunnel in case of spacing between the two tunnels > 2D. However, Increasing alignment (ω) between an existing tunnel and a new one from (ω) > 30 o up to (ω) = 90 o increases the radial deflections of the existing tunnel. Alignment (ω) between an existing tunnel and a new one less than 60 o has insignificant effect on the existing tunnel bending moments in case of spacing between the two tunnels > 2D. In addition, Spacing between an existing tunnel and a new one ≥ 4D has insignificant effect on the normal forces in case of alignment (ω) = 0 o up to 30o, Spacing between an existing tunnel and a new one ≥ 4D has insignificant effect on the bending moments of the existing tunnel. Keywords— Tunnels; soil/structure interaction; side-by-side, piggyback; pillar width; lining response; tunnel alignment; deflection; numerical modelling; plaxis.


Introduction: Complex fractionated electrogram (CFE) can identify target sites for ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). The influence of the anti-arrhythmic agents (AAA) for CFE is not completely recognized. We investigated CFE and modified CFE with AAA by a multiple simultaneous CFE recording. Methods: A total of 13 patients (10 male, 62±8 years) of non-paroxysmal AF were enrolled. We placed a 64-electrode basket catheter in the left atrium (LA) and recorded LA electrograms with serial rapid mapping technique. CFE was recorded and defined according to the algorithm of the mapping (NavX®) system (CFE; atrial electrogram cycle length of <50 ms over 5 seconds duration). After a control recording of the CFE, intravenous flecainide of 2 mg/kg was given. CFE was stored in NavX at 5, 10, and 15 minutes. In this study, we compared the changes of the distribution of the CFE and the bipolor voltage during AF. Results: The CFE area and the number of CFE regions were significantly reduced at 5 minutes after the flecainide infusion. The area of continuous CFE region almost recovered by 15 minutes. The mean voltage of modified CFE regions was significantly lower than that of continuous CFE regions (0.89±0.51 mV vs 0.54±0.29 mV, p<0.001). Conclusions: CFE eliminated with AAA might have more important meaning as a substrate of AF.


A major limitation of vanadium oxides in aqueous Zn/V2O5 ion battery applications is that it suffers from strong Coulombic ion-lattice interactions with divalent Zn2+. Correspondingly, the vanadium oxides endow the...


In this paper , the intensity of the electromagnetic wave scattering strength is simulated and calculated by KA method to analysis the different scattering characteristics under varies wind conditions. In high wind speed, the character of the electromagnetic wave reflection is scattered. The moving objects wakes underwater were established in rough sea. The back scattering is affected by the reflect power and strengthen of the underwater moving objects. Finally, the probability of shadowing function is considered to calculate the reflecting in the rough surface and modify the receive power. It can be show that the electromagnetic power which calculated by shadowing function is less than the power calculated without the function.


Both Korea and Vietnam belong to the same traditional Eastern cultural sphere and share common cultural and religious backgrounds, including Confucianism and Buddhism. This results in shared values like family importance, etiquette and education. Their cultures, influenced by China, exhibit a sense of homogeneity. However, differences exist between the two countries, notably in food culture, language, and the habits of lifestyle. It is crucial for effective cultural and human exchanges to recognize these differences. The mutual exchanges between universities in Korea and Vietnam are increasing recently, promoting promote academic exchanges and human resource development. The dual degree program between universities of the two countries notably contributes to cultivating global talented men. This program allows students to acquire academic knowledge from both cultures, enhancing global competence. The study proposes to outline the operation of such a program.


❙ABSTRACT❙ Background: Chronic heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. Raised resting heart rate (HR) is a marker of cardiovascular risk in general population, as well as in patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease. We studied the association between HR and cardiovascular events in patients with Cardiac Insufficiency of Various Origin in Jeonbuk (CION-J) registry. Methods: CION-J registry was a multicenter, prospective database for chronic HF. From January 2010 to December 2010, 356 HF patients who clinically stabilized at least 2 weeks were analyzed. According to resting HR, the patients divided into the tertile (lower tertile 80/min, n = 113). Clinical outcomes during 6-month period were compared by resting HR. Results: Patients with upper tertile revealed higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) class than in those with lower tertile. From the lower to the upper tertile, the incidence of composite events of death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and hospitalization for HF were increased(3.1%, 4.4%, 16.8%, respectively; p 80/min, and ejection fraction 80/min) is a prognostic factor in chronic HF. Optimal treatment to reduce HR should be emphasized to improve prognosis of HF. (J Korean Soc Hypertens 2012;18(1):38-45)


ABSTRACT Colombia's peace process with the FARC-EP has brought a significant reduction in the national levels of violence. Yet, in certain regions of the country the demobilisation of Colombia's former largest guerrilla has been accompanied by rising rates of violence. The municipality of Tumaco in the extreme south of the country's Pacific coast is a case in point. In this paper, we demonstrate that a historical and socio-geographic perspective on the shifting dynamics of the armed conflict helps shed light on current developments in Tumaco. In particular, the analysis reveals a specific co-evolution of the FARC-EP presence and of the drug economy in the region, which helps explain key features of violence in the contemporary post-conflict context. The study provides important insights into Colombia's current peace process as well as, generally speaking, into the complex territorial dynamics of crime and violence during transitions to peace.


Formulation and preparation methods of manufacture for use in the colon discharged promoted disclosed herein, solid dosage forms in one embodiment, contains an internal granule fraction is mixed with the external granule fraction, wherein the internal the particulate fraction comprises at least one penetration pressure discharge accelerator comprises granules comprising at least one antacid and a first pharmaceutically acceptable excipient fraction, and wherein the external granular fraction, one or more organic acids, containing a lubricating component and a second pharmaceutically acceptable excipient content of non-metallic. .FIELD 1


The resilient assembly is disposed in an opening provided in the support structure of the vehicle, the second of said resilient assembly to move in the axial direction in the first position and in the opening axially movable within the opening portion is prevented to movable structure between a position.


Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become method of choice for percutaneous, minimally invasive, image-guided tumour ablation method [1]. The effectiveness of the RFA method can be improve by increasing the number of electrodes, additional temperature, and force sensors [2]. The multi-sensors multi-electrodes catheter sensor package used in this study consist of 3 movable spines. Each spine consists of RF A electrode, temperature, and force sensor. First possible challenge encounter by such device will be dynamic mechanical failure [3]. For this reason, catheter package used in this paper subjected to 32 cycles catheter movement durability test with result showing not only the sensors real-time reading not affected by the catheter movement but also remain functional after test. The following possible challenges encounter by this catheter package is RF interference between adjacent electrodes or sensors. RFA electrode, temperature and force sensor's responds in the present of RF A (1W) for both single spine and adjacent spines are studied. The result show that adjacent electrodes and sensors of the used catheter package are independent to noise generated by RFA. Lastly, ablation temperature is dependent on the circuit impedance difference between the ablation electrode and the grounding plate. The characterization of RF A performance in diluted phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution with different impedance level range from 350k Ω to 1.6m Ω is studied. Characteristic of electrode temperature at different RF A power range from 1.5W to 7W in different impedance solutions are recorded.


"Wangdao—Construction and Exploration of Remote Cooperative Teaching and Research Platform for Rural Teachers" is based on the national requirements for promoting balanced development of


Contents: Introduction: Who was John Skeaping? Skeaping as student, teacher and traveller Skeaping and materials Skeaping as animalier Chronology Selected bibliography Selected exhibitions Public collections Catalogue of sculpture Acknowledgements Index


Hand-eye calibration is the problem of estimating the spatial transformation between a reference frame, usually the base of a robot arm or its gripper, and the reference frame of one or multiple cameras. Generally, this calibration is solved as a non-linear optimization problem, what instead is rarely done is to exploit the underlying graph structure of the problem itself. Actually, the problem of hand-eye calibration can be seen as an instance of the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) problem. Inspired by this fact, in this work we present a pose-graph approach to the hand-eye calibration problem that extends a recent state-of-the-art solution in two different ways: i) by formulating the solution to eye-on-base setups with one camera; ii) by covering multi-camera robotic setups. The proposed approach has been validated in simulation against standard hand-eye calibration methods. Moreover, a real application is shown. In both scenarios, the proposed approach overcomes all alternative methods. We release with this paper an open-source implementation of our graph-based optimization framework for multi-camera setups.


In this paper, a statistical circuit simulator for the selection of tuning components is described. Using this simulator, a circuit designer can make an appropriate solution on the selection of tuning component as well as an estimate of the yield for manufacturing.<<ETX>>


Objective To investigate different doses of cyclosporine A (CsA) in the rabbit model with choroidal melanoma.Methods The human choroidal melanoma cell OCM-1 was used to establish a rabbit model of choroidal melanoma.Thirty-five mature rabbits were divided into 4 groups randomly,group A(without injection of CsA),group B(CsA 15 mg·kg-1 per day),group C(CsA 20 mg·kg-1 per day ),group D(CsA 20 mg·kg-1 per day,15 mg·kg-1per day two weeks later,10 mg·kg-1 per day four weeks later,5 mg·kg-1 per day six weeks later,and continued until natural death).The operated eyes were examined with ophthalmoscope,fundus photography,B-mode ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging 2 days postoperatively.After natural death,the eyeball,lung tissue and liver tissue were obtained,and the pathological sections were treated with HE staining.Results Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival rates showed that group B and group D displayed better survival.Group A found no tumor growth.The rates of incidence of intraocular tumor(60%,80%,40%) and lung metastasis(33.3%,12.5%,25.0%) were not significant in group B,C and D(P0.05).Liver metastasis was not found in these three groups.Conclusion Group B(CsA 15 mg·kg-1 per day ) has provided us with the best animal model.And without using CsA,the intraocular tumors won't grow.


The influence is studied of the actual bed structure on the values of the overall heat transfer coefficient, as used in the pseudo-homogeneous one-dimensional model. The bed structure is described by a radially averaged and axially varying porosity profile. The influence of the tube to particle diameter ratio on this profile is studied theoretically for a perfectly packed bed. Axial porosity profiles were determined experimentally for spheres, full cylinders and Raschig rings and for each of them the bed was repacked ten times. From these profiles the local and the overall heat transfer coefficients were calculated, using literature relations. Furthermore, experimental values for the overall heat transfer coefficient have been obtained for a wall-cooled packed bed, for six different packing types, at four different gas flow rates and for 10-20 difference bed structures. The changes in the bed structure were made by repacking the bed. Although the local rate of heat transport can possess a statistical character, it can be concluded that the effective heat transport coefficients, as used in the bed scale models, are generally not distributed. Only for a very low number of particles present in the bed the local phenomena may lead to a statistical spread in these coefficients. The statistical character, as observed in temperature measurements in packed beds, is due to the heterogeneous character of the packed bed and the discrete character of the temperature measurements. If the actual structure of a packed bed and, as a result of this, the local rate of heat transport are expected to determine the behaviour of the packed bed as a whole, deterministic bed-scale continuum models become less applicable and models have to be used that take the structure and stochastic character of a packed bed into account


Abstract : This report is the code that implements the prototype real-time monitor (RTM). In addition, the documentation in the package specifications and bodies forms and the implementation description of the RTM. Keywords: Object oriented, Commands.


Discusses the general usefulness of reserve collections in academic libraries and considers the place of the reserve collection in the University of the West Indies′ library. Describes the method of operation of this collection, and considers changes in its operation, relating both to library automation and to changing circumstances in the library.


Significant research attention has focused on the photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) technique, which uses imaging spectrometry to analyze the image and spectra. Up to now, the fluorescence spectrum at only one point in the image can be measured by imaging spectrometry, but it is not enough for diagnosis. The problem is how to obtain the relationship between the exact position and its respective spectrum. In this paper, we demonstrated a novel imaging spectrometry, which can accurately measure the whole surface of tissue instead of a single point. Using this apparatus, we measured the microscope spectrometry image of the hematoxylin-eosin stained tumorous tissue of mice. From the pseudo RGB images of the spectra, tumorous tissues were very clear. In this image, the spectra at arbitrary positions could be taken instantly as well as the transmission and absorption band based on the background spectrum. The spectral intensity distribution images were also obtained at selected wavelengths (for example 425 nm, 505 nm, 535 nm, 600 nm) to get the area distribution of the stained tumorous tissue. In our experiments, we obtained clear spectrometry imaging from weakly illuminated objects. It took 30 seconds to measure a static image of a sample. Moreover, this apparatus is suitable for real-time measurements of living tissue if using laser illumination, a high-speed CCD camera, a fiber, an endoscope and photosensitizer. In the near future, this novel technique can be used in tumor photodynamic diagnosis.


Objectives: To increase awareness of communication theories and practice perspective-taking skills by challenging beliefs surrounding humans' unique emotional and nonverbal communication Courses: Nonverbal, Interpersonal, Family Communication, and Communication Theory


The trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias are a group of primary headache disorders characterized by unilateral trigeminal distribution of pain that occurs in association with ipsilateral cranial autonomic features. The most prominent one is cluster headache, a dreadful disease with excrutiating pain attacks. These attacks last no longer than two hours but may occur several times per day. It is mandatory to find an efficient therapy for these patients, but some are unresponsive to all treatments. In these intractable cases invasive procedures are introduced, but the available evidence (while conflicting) illustrates that trigeminal denervation may not be effective in preventing the headache attacks or autonomic symptoms of chronic cluster headache. Modern neurostimulating approaches, such as stimulation of the greater occipital nerve and hypothalamic deep brain stimulation, supersede neurodestructive procedures. Both stimulation methods are exquisite and potentially life-saving treatment options in otherwise intractable patients, but they need to be better characterized and further long-term data are needed.


It is proved that the reliability of any measurement may be as close to one as is pleased; thus, the universal upper bound for the reliability of any measurement may always approach one, implying that a stronger upper bound cannot be found.


In view that the current micro-inertial sensors could not provide long-time attitude stabilization since the drift could cause remarkable attitude error,and have relatively low accuracies,a low-cost attitude detection system is designed by using the combination of three pairwise-orthogonal magnetic sensors.The mathematical relationship between the characteristic ratio of magnetic sensor outputs and the pitch angle of projectile is derived.The solution solver and correction algorithms of the attitude angles are studied and then compared with traditional methods.Besides,the semi-physical experiments are made to prove the effectiveness of the missile body attitude determination program.The experiment results indicate that the error of attitude angles is within ±1° and the attitude angle error of the combined magnetic sensors are not cumulated.Meanwhile,the geomagnetic field strength is not needed during the whole calculation process.Compared with the method of the ratio of extremum based on the two non-orthogonal magnetic sensors,this method is simple and with doubled update rate in attitude angle calculation.


The aim of Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is, based on facial information to observe and realize human emotions. It is an exciting and exigent problem to distinguish the human facial expression and emotion. This paper suggests a Gaussian based Edge Detection and Texture Descriptor (GEDTD) for FER. Regarding 8 Gaussian edge descriptors GEDTD is formed. The proposed GEDTD extract both image texture feature and edge direction. Using Local XOR Coding (LXC) scheme the interior and locality pixels of edge response directions are encoded for extraction. Ultimately these features are combined and it forms the feature vector. The expressions of different poses likely disgust, sad, smile and surprise are trained by using Convolution Neural Network (CNN), which differentiates the facial expressions into disgust, sad, smile and surprise. The suggested process increases the recognition accuracy at an important level. The under taken method is an appropriate one for any recognition requirements.


By making use of a lead slowing-down spectrometer coupled to an electron linear accelerator and back-to-back type double fission chambers, the fission cross section of {sup 241}Am was measured relative to that of {sup 235}U in the energy region from 0.1 eV to 10 keV. The measured result has been compared with (1) the evaluated nuclear data files, JENDL-3 and ENDF/B-VI, and with (2) the existing experimental data. Although the shape of the present energy dependent fission cross section is close to that of the evaluated data files, the absolute value of the present data is about 3 times larger than those of both evaluated data and of the experimental data by Dabbs et al.


Data acquisition in compressive sensing (CS) is commonly believed to be less complicated, and even less costly, while performing agreeably. However, this optimistic belief in the performance and complexity of a CS sensor is still to be quantified. We analyze the performance of diverse compressive data acquisition schemes with the same input signals starting with spatial measurements from antenna-array processing. The performance (given in the familiar terms of processing gain, detection, accuracy and resolution) is elaborated by using the framework of information distances from information geometry. Only with a scheme of compressive data acquisition starting directly at reception, i.e. at antenna (with no receiver noise from the low-noise amplifier yet), CS could be simpler and still perform as good as, if not better than, existing sensing. Major requirements of this coded-aperture scheme as well as possible implementation by using metasurfaces are indicated.


Abstract This paper presents a novel hybrid technique based on D-optimal design and Nelder–Mead simplex algorithm for optimisation of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite web core bridge deck panels. The optimisation is performed to minimise the weight of FRP composite bridge deck panels based on deflection limit, stresses, buckling and failure analysis, and subsequently the representative design curves are developed. Sensitivity analysis is performed to portray the effect of variation in geometry of the bridge deck on its deflection, stress and buckling behaviours.


ISO 9613-2 is a widely used method to predict the noise from industrial and many other sources. There is a lot of experience with its application in cases where the distances are not extremely large and meteorological conditions are not the dominant influence. A lot of software strategies have been developed to support and improve this method. Examples are expert systems, that determine the source data like the frequency dependent sound power level from technical parameters for technical sources like motors, gears, fans or cooling towers. These and other modifications like the determination of result uncertainties are presented and discussed. .


Stability and flow behaviour of concentrated barium sulphate suspension (BSS) was studied in the presence of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (NaCMC), bentonite and poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). NaCMC (0.2 %) showed maximum viscosity (50 %), maximum sedimentation volume of BSS and maximum (0.4 %) adsorption of NaCMC by BSS. Bentonite and PVP had no significant effect on sedimentation volume of BSS but increased the viscosity . The radiological studies on the X-ray picture of rabbit using BSS (50 %) and NaCMC (0.2 %) exhibited poor contrast of the stomach region. To increase the stability, suspension was mixed with tri sodium citrate (4 %). The X-ray picture of rabbit showed good contrast of the stomach as well as the small intestine region.


In this paper, the approximate synchronization problem of two non-identical non-linear systems is investigated. Based on the impulsive control method, a sufficient condition is given to guarantee the approximate synchronization. Furthermore, the optimal impulsive interval problem is studied which can reduce the cost of impulsive controller, and the maximum impulsive interval is obtained by solving a non-linear optimization problem via a mixed algorithm combining chaos optimization and linear matrix inequality method. Two different chaotic systems and two different complex dynamical networks are presented respectively to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.


A multipath is a major error source in bridge deformation monitoring and the key to achieving millimeter-level monitoring. Although the traditional MHM (multipath hemispherical map) algorithm can be applied to multipath mitigation in real-time scenarios, accuracy needs to be further improved due to the influence of observation noise and the multipath differences between different satellites. Aiming at the insufficiency of MHM in dealing with the adverse impact of observation noise, we proposed the MHM_V model, based on Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and the MHM algorithm. Utilizing the VMD algorithm to extract the multipath from single-difference (SD) residuals, and according to the principle of the closest elevation and azimuth, the original observation of carrier phase in the few days following the implementation are corrected to mitigate the influence of the multipath. The MHM_V model proposed in this paper is verified and compared with the traditional MHM algorithm by using the observed data of the Forth Road Bridge with a seven day and 10 s sampling rate. The results show that the correlation coefficient of the multipath on two adjacent days was increased by about 10% after residual denoising with the VMD algorithm; the standard deviations of residual error in the L1/L2 frequencies were improved by 37.8% and 40.7%, respectively, which were better than the scores of 26.1% and 31.0% for the MHM algorithm. Taking a ratio equal to three as the threshold value, the fixed success rates of ambiguity were 88.0% without multipath mitigation and 99.4% after mitigating the multipath with MHM_V. The MHM_V algorithm can effectively improve the success rate, reliability, and convergence rate of ambiguity resolution in a bridge multipath environment and perform better than the MHM algorithm.


Centria University of Applied Sciences Date October 2017 Author Hong Diep Bui Degree programme Industrial Management Name of thesis THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND AIR HUMIDITY ON DRYING OF WATERBORNE PAINT PRODUCTS. Case Centria Puulaboratorio Instructor Elisa Saarela Hanna Parikka Pages 52 + 1 Supervisor Kaija Arhio This thesis is made for Centria Puulaboratorio, a wood laboratory located in Ylivieska. The goal of this thesis is to research how air humidity and temperature effect on drying of waterborne paint products. Because there are four seasons in Finland that cause challenges to dry waterborne paints. The practical part in the thesis verifies how much temperature, humidity and flash-off time adjusted to achieve the most drying percentages. It is also known that different colors have an influence on drying. The theory part gives some introduction about wood coatings (finishes), application methods and drying methods. In practical part, an indoor waterborne paint and an outdoor waterborne paint were chosen. They were sprayed on two different types of materials under specific parameters and circumstances. The data was collected, calculated and analyzed by Design of Experiments. The tables and graphs were created during the experiments. Some graphs and picture were provided by Centria Puulaboratorio.


Growth is a continuing process but discontinuous events make it possible to consider the process in stages. Over a period of 3 decades R. E. Snodgrass reiterated the view that in arthropods a new stage begins with the detachment of the epidermis from the old cuticle, an event now known as apolysis. According to Snodgrass, ecdysis does not occur until sometime after the new stage has begun. All known facts of development support this view. The difficulties that arise when a new stage is considered to begin at ecdysis are considered at some length. It is shown that for many purposes there is no reason to abandon the use of ecdyses to designate intervals of development.


The authorship verification task at PAN 2022 follows the experimental setup of similar shared tasks in the recent past. However, it focuses on a different, and very challenging scenario: given two texts belonging to different discourse types, the task is to determine whether they are written by the same author. Based on a new corpus in English, we provide pairs of texts using four discourse types: essays, emails, text messages, and business memos. The differences in communicative purpose, intended audience, and the level of formality render the cross-discourse-type authorship verification task very hard. We received 7 submissions and evaluated them using the TIRA integrated research architecture, along with two baseline approaches. This paper reviews the submissions and presents a detailed discussion of the evaluation results.


Thank you for reading hiv aids and the law legal issues for social work practice and policy. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this hiv aids and the law legal issues for social work practice and policy, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the trends of studying on job crafting in Korea and explore the future direction of studying on job crafting. For this purpose, this study selected KCI indexed 61 empirical studies which are published by end of August 2019. Through the analyzing on these 61 empirical articles on job crafting, this study tried to show the trends about Korean translation of 'job crafting', measurement scale, dimensions, and related variables. The results showed that mostly empirical studies on job crafting have been conducted after 2015. The academic field of those studies are mainly in psychology, human resource development, human resource management and tourism. The study results identified also there are various translated Korean terminology for 'job crafting' in Korean empirical studies. Regarding the measurement scale, the fact that Job Crafting Questionnaire and Job Crafting Scale has been mostly used was found. The results showed that the job crafting has been used equally as independent, dependent, and mediator variables. Finally, the empirical studies on job crafting in Korea have identified 48 predictors and 29 research variables that were predicted by job crafting. Among those variables, several ones have been used as a predictor and a variable which is affected by job crafting based on study settings. Based on the study results, theoretical and practical implications are suggested for future studies. ■ keyword :∣Job Crafting∣Empirical Studies∣Integrative Literature Review∣ 접수일자 : 2019년 10월 10일 수정일자 : 2019년 10월 28일 심사완료일 : 2019년 10월 29일 교신저자 : 박용호, e-mail : email@example.com 잡 크래프팅에 관한 통합적 문헌 고찰: 국내 양적연구를 중심으로 235


There are plumbers and there are wannabe plumbers out there. The rule of thumb is this. You only go with the professional plumbers and stay away from the ones that aren't licensed or whatever else. These wannabe plumbers are no good and they will probably...


Following the establishment of a democratic, constitutional order in South Africa, government and civic organisations found themselves in uncharted territory as they sought to redefine the boundaries of state-society relations. Civic actors who had previously been pushed underground in their efforts to challenge the repressive apartheid state now operated openly, with some even becoming part of the state mechanism itself. While civic organisations continued to oppose certain state actions, they also began working cooperatively with the state in its efforts to establish new policies. These changing relationships serve as the backdrop for Jeff Handmaker's Advocating for Accountability: Civic-State Interactions to Protect Refugees in South Africa. In it, he examines the efforts of government and civic actors to deal with the newly emerging issue of asylum seekers and refugees, who began arriving in growing numbers when the country democratised. The book explores the history of refugee rights from 1996 to 2006 in order to understand the dynamics of civic-state interactions in human rights advocacy. Applying an agent-structure framework to three case studies involving refugee issues, Handmaker seeks to identify the conditions that enable civic society to achieve structural change through its interactions with government. Handmaker provides a valuable look into civic advocacy efforts and the interactions between government and civil society in post-apartheid South Africa – an area on which little has been written. He cautions that the redefinition of state-society relations in the post-apartheid South Africa has created a dilemma for human rights advocates. On one hand, the new constitutional order provides a space for civic actors to assist government in its efforts to remake policies in a more progressive direction. At the same time, civic actors must not let their support for government jeopardise their independence and their ability to stand in opposition to the government when it violates human rights. The three case studies highlight the varying roles civic actors can take in light of these competing priorities, usefully illustrating the problems that can emerge when civic actors get the balance wrong as they walk this fine line. The first case focuses on the development of a refugee policy and the drafting of the 1998 Refugees Act. This case study provides an in-depth and compelling story of how government and civic actors worked together to develop new refugee law based on international human rights norms – a complete departure from the apartheid-era restrictive and race-based immigration law wholly lacking in due process and administrative appeal mechanisms. In a process led by the Department of Home Affairs (DHA), government and civic actors worked together to develop refugee legislation that gave effect


Ultrafine CaCO_3 powder was prepared by low temperature hydrothermal method.The effects of the synthetic parameter such as different starting materials and reaction temperature on the properties of the resultant products were studied.The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectrum(FTIR),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),thermogravimetric analytical and differential scanning calorimetry(TGA-DSC).The analytical results indicated that the hydrothermally-derived CaCO_3 powders from Ca(OH)_2 and Na_2CO_3 at 120℃ for 20 h,mainly consisted of cubic-like crystallites with the sizes ranging from 130 to 650nm.


Abstract. This paper highlights the features of web-based project management system Trello that could be used to develop various tools for educational web-sites. The authors show some practical examples of Trello use for learning and self-learning. The elements of Trello's boards can be easily combined to form highly flexible educational workflow.


-Male giant bullfrogs Pyxicephalus adspersus exhibit paternal care through construction of channels that guide tadpoles to larger bodies of water. We found the following. These channels (which may exceed 15 m in length) make available cooler water to broods in the rapidly drying breeding puddles that frequently reach critically high temperatures. Eggs of P. adspersus exposed to temperatures above 38?C died, a temperature reached in a third of the puddles measured. In contrast, tadpoles readily survived temperatures above 38?C, and experiments showed that tadpoles can survive the highest temperatures recorded at the puddles. Males actively defended their offspring against predators and were sometimes killed while performing this behavior. Survival of eggs and larvae in territorial broods was roughly twice that of broods in nonterritorial breeding arenas. The large cost of paternal care in the giant bullfrog is therefore offset by strong fitness gains. We suggest that channel construction and predator defence, crucial for tadpole survival, can be performed most efficiently by large-bodied parents, explaining why males (not the smaller females) perform parental care. Parental care has been reported in a number of frogs (Townsend, 1986; Summers, 1989; Kok et al., 1989), most of these from terrestrial breeders in the tropics (Wells, 1981). Either males or females can perform parental care. Paternal care is more likely in frogs than in other vertebrates because the cost of paternal care is usually low (Wells, 1981). This is exemplified in territorial species where eggs or tadpoles are deposited in a male's territory and where he cares for them while continuing to attract females (but see Townsend, 1986). Parental care may include 1 Corresponding Author: E-mail: jwhferguson@ zoology.up.ac.za. guarding of eggs or tadpoles against predation (Kluge, 1981), preventing desiccation (Townsend et al., 1984), maintaining access to water (Kok et al., 1989), and carrying tadpoles, either to water (Summers, 1990) or until development is completed (Wells, 1981). Many anurans breed in ephemeral puddles (Wells, 1977; Sullivan, 1989). The hypothesized advantages of this habit is the absence of resident predators and reduction of competition for the tadpoles compared to those in permanent bodies of water (Wassersug, 1975), as well as a rapid rate of development (Heatwole et al., 1968; but for a counterargument, see Abe and Neto, 1991). Giant bullfrogs, Pyxicephalus adspersus (adult 310 This content downloaded from 184.108.40.206 on Wed, 20 Jul 2016 04:21:13 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms PATERNAL CARE IN GIANT BULLFROGS mass 160-970 g), breed in temporary ponds following the first heavy summer rains. These frogs are rare and breed irregularly (on average in the order of once in four years at a particular site) and little is known of their breeding biology. Oviposition typically occurs immediately after heavy rain, either in a male's territory or communally in a nonterritorial breeding aggregation (unpubl. data). Hatching occurs 48 h following oviposition, and active schooling and feeding has been observed 24 h later (Balinsky and Balinsky, 1954). The territorial puddles often are exposed to high temperatures, which could result in the death of eggs and tadpoles. Adult males construct channels that tadpoles use to move from small isolated peripheral puddles to larger bodies of water Kok et al. (1989). We suggest that, in addition to this role, the channels also serve to make cooler water accessible to the broods in warm, rapidly drying breeding puddles. We studied the effects of channel construction on offspring survivorship. The questions we asked were (1) What are the water temperatures in channels compared to those in puddles? (2) What is the thermal tolerance of bullfrog tadpoles? (3) What effect does paternal care have on survival of bullfrog broods? MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Area.-We studied bullfrogs during two breeding seasons (1992-1994) at Glen Austin Bird Sanctuary Midrand (25?58'S; 28?10'E) South Africa (elevation 1500 m). The site contains a temporary lake (called a pan) with surface area of 9200 m2, which fills to a maximum depth of 30 cm after heavy summer rains (October-January). The area around the pan comprises dry grassland ("Bankenveld," see Acocks, 1988) with sedges (Scirpus spp.) and cat-tails (Typha capensis) along the edge of the pan. A second study site at Witpoort comprised a small human-made dam with a relatively constant water level, containing at least 80 m of edge of which at least 60 m were suitable for bullfrog breeding. Behavioral Observations and Removal Experiment.-Following the appearance of frogs after the first summer rains, we made daily observations from 0700-1800 h throughout the breeding season (approximately 30 days) with additional nocturnal observations on 11 days while channels were constructed. Frogs were sexed based on size and coloration (Passmore and Carruthers, 1995). Immatures had green and black colors, whereas adults were green with pale yellow markings. Adults were dimorphic in color and snout-urostyle length. Males have yellow-orange axillary regions and measured larger than 13 cm (determined from pairs in amplexus, as well as from 18 dissected specimens, 12 males, four females, which had been killed by predators or by motor cars). Males were classified as territorial or nonterritorial, based on the presence or absence of behavior such as site fidelity and male-male combat. Males were individually branded using a portable branding iron (Jennions, 1992). Brands were treated with antibiotic cream. Frogs were released within 5 min of branding, and they immediately resumed breeding behavior. Territories of males were marked using a range of unobtrusive numbered markers. If channels were constructed between a territorial puddle and the pan, its width, minimum depth, and length were measured and the date and time of construction noted. Positions of males as well as movements of tadpoles were recorded after the construction of a channel. Clutch sizes were determined by direct enumeration or from color photographs (Cooke, 1983). Clutches were classified as surviving if any of the tadpoles entered metamorphosis. Mortality of clutches by dessication, predation, or other causes was recorded. We performed a removal experiment to determine the effects of a territorial male on desiccation and predation of tadpoles. Males were removed from 10 randomly determined territories with similar-sized two-day-old clutches (16002400 eggs) and within 5 m of the pan. Fifteen similar territories situated within 20 m of territories of removed males served as controls for the experiment. To ensure comparable brood age and size as well as vegetation cover in experimental and control territories, these were distributed as duos (removal + control) or trios (removal + two controls) throughout the part of the pan used for breeding. Predators observed to prey on bullfrogs or their broods were identified to as low a taxonomic level as possible. Predation also was inferred if an entire clutch disappeared, with marks remaining in the mud adjacent to the breeding puddle. Puddle Characteristics.-The water temperatures of 48 puddles with channels were recorded using a Sensortek BAT-12 digital thermometer, accurate to 0.1?C. To determine the daily temperature variation in the puddles, temperature measurements were made at hourly intervals from 0700-1800 h, 1 cm below the water surface in the center of the aggregate of tadpoles. Body temperatures of the tadpoles in the field were assumed to be the same as those of the surrounding water. Maximum depths of these puddles were measured using a plastic ruler. Temperature Tolerance Experiment.-Six hundred tadpoles from 18 breeding puddles were kept in aquaria at 25-28?C for 24 h. Each tadpole was used only once, with 30 randomly chosen 311 This content downloaded from 184.108.40.206 on Wed, 20 Jul 2016 04:21:13 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms


Schlieren photography, the state-of-art to visualize the invisible flows, has appealed gigantic attention of various researchers in the plasma community. Here, this technique is utilized to address the behavior of the plasma jet arrays in the gas flow field. The goal of this study is to probe the signatures of different parameters and their response in the gas flow field. It is concluded that every parameter exhibits its sensitivity to the plasma in the gas flow field. However, frequency has a significant impact on the reduction of the laminar flow. Furthermore, it is suggested that the flow of the higher momentum region to the lower region is the cause in establishing the instabilities. The compression and rarefaction at the rising and falling edges of the discharge pulses play the dominant role. Plasma jet arrays can be a handy tool for industrial applications unless proper parameters are selected.


Hematite (α-Fe2O3), as one of the most prevalent transition metal oxides (TMOs) on the Earth, has been the hot spot of intense research for recent decades. Understanding the optical signatures in hematite is essential for the design of α-Fe2O3-based devices in the photoelectrochemical and photonic fields. In the present work, we successfully synthesized hematite nanoflakes by the facile oil bath method. The small signal transmission of the prepared few-layered hematite nanoflakes was 76% and the modulation depth was determined as 11.2%. Subsequently, the α-Fe2O3 nanoflakes were successfully implemented as the saturable absorber in a passively Q-switched Tm:YLF laser around 2 µm. The achieved shortest pulse duration was 293 ns. The long-term pulse-pulse fluctuation was < 3% in root-mean square error (RMSE), indicating the Q-switching pulses are highly stable. The present work will assist in understanding the nonlinear optical features and their interpretation in stable Q-switching pulses generation.


A study of the causes and remedial treatment of inaccurate singing through experimentation and research was chosen by the writer as a practical problem urgently in need of solution.


The Co-Mo catalysts respectively supported on the composite supports of SAPO-11/γ-Al2O3 and Hβ/γ-Al2O3 HY/γ-Al2O3,MCM-41/γ-Al2O3 were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method,and the used composite supports were characterized by BET,NH3-TPD and FT-IR techniques.The isomerization activity and the desulfurization activity of the catalysts were examined in a fixed-bed reactor,using 1-hexene and thiophene as probe molecules,the effects of the composition and modification with citric acid(CA) and phosphorus(P) of the selected MCM-41/γ-Al2O3 support on the performance of the catalysts were examined.The results indicate that the composite of MCM-41/γ-Al2O3 with mass ratio 7:3 is the suitable support,and the support modification with P or CA can significantly enhance the desulfurization activity of the catalysts,but at the some time the isomerization activity of the catalysts has no evident improvement.


This paper presents a method of solution, called the method of images, for the torsion of prisms having one or more longitudinal holes. The method is applicable to prisms of the following four, and only four, sections: a rectangle, an equilateral triangle, an isosceles triangle and a 30°-60°-90° triangle. These four sections form a group by themselves. The solution is obtained by adding to the known solution of a corresponding solid prism without holes a system of harmonic functions which vanish on the entire external boundary of the given section, and besides possess a singularity at the centre of each hole. Such a system of functions may be constructed from Weierstrass' Sigma function and its allied functions. The solution is illustrated by applying it in detail to a rectangular prism having a central longitudinal hole. Numerical results are shown for the special case of a square prism. Introduction. The torsion of a circular cylinder having longitudinal circular holes, with or without a central hole, has been investigated by Kondo1 and by the present writer.2 In the present paper, the investigation will be extended to a prism, which is also pierced by such longitudinal holes. Both problems in fact belong to the same general class of torsion problems dealing with cylinders of multi-connected sections. Analytic solutions of such problems are generally difficult except in some simple cases, and indeed very few solutions have ever been found. It appears, however, that certain prisms of this nature can be solved by adapting to them the method of images. There are altogether four such prisms, the cross sections of which are as follows: (1) a rectangle, including square as a special case, (2) an equilateral triangle, (3) an isosceles right triangle, (4) a 30°-60°-90° triangle. It is not difficult to show that by reflection about the edges each of the above four sections forms a doubly infinite set of images. Furthermore, it can be shown conclusively by theory of groups3 that these four sections are the only ones which form such images. The images formed in each case are shown in Figs. 1-4 respectively. In each figure the shaded area represents the fundamental region, or the given section of the prism: *Received August 9, 1950. XM. Kondo, The stresses in twisted circular cylinder having circular holes, Phil. Mag. (7) 22, 1089-1108 (1936). 2C. B. Ling, Torsion of a circular tube with longitudinal circular holes, Q. Appl. Math., 5, 168-181 .(1947). SW. Burnside, Theory of groups, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, 1911, 410-418. 248 CHIH-BING LING [Vol. IX, No. 3 The regions marked by positive signs represent the images which are formed by an even number of reflections, while the regions marked by negative signs represent those which are formed by an odd number of reflections. Note that any two adjacent regions must have alternate positive and negative signs. The set of points in each figure represents the images due to a given point in the fundamental region.


Background: In the treatment protocol of poisoning, antidotes are mainly used to counter the poisons. In Ayurveda, antidotes are termed as agada or vishaghna dravyas which either directly neutralize the poison or counter its deleterious effects. In Ayurveda various agada (antidote) formulations are mentioned out of which few are being used in clinical practice due to insufficiency in available research data. Vruntakphala beeja Swarasa (VPBS) is one of the antidote formulations described in Anupana Manjiri and Rasajalanidhi, which is mentioned as effective against ingested Dhatura Beeja (DB) poisoning. Currently no clinical as well as preclinical data is available about its efficacy. Aim and Objective: To study efficacy of Vruntaka Phala Beeja (Solanum malongena Linn.) swarasa in Dhatura Beeja (Datura metel Linn.) poisoning in Wistar rats. Methodology: 36 Wistar rats equally classified into 6 groups will be subjected to DB poisoning except normal control group. Efficacy study of VBPS will be carried out on experimental groups as per standard protocol. Results: Clinical toxicity signs, Sr. biochemical and Histopathological observations from all groups will be observed. Conclusion: Conclusion will be drawn strictly on the basis of results.


The west of human province in the book of Bian Cheng is the ideal place for the tranquil of oriental civilization. People there are neither constrained nor self-indulgent, but leading a pure, simple and leisurely life, just like the moral world of zhungzi. What is more, there are pure, natural and concentrated love and the sentimental consequence, which enable the book to be full of sensuous pleasure and at the same time, it gives rise to people's desire for such place in technological times. It is doubtless that the book's artistic charm lasts forever.


I T is a great privilege for me to be asked to deliver the first Alexander Fletcher Memorial Lecture in this his native city. I shall discuss radioactive iodine (1311) therapy for thyrotoxicosis since I feel justified in reevaluating the place of this treatment for several reasons. Over the last 20 years or so about 150,000 people have received this therapy and 4,000patients are treated annually in Great Britain, of whom about 400 attend the hospitals in Glasgow. The subject is currently controversial and in the studies I shall describe I hope to show that experimental observations in animals may be closely linked with the routine care of our patients. 1311 has for the past 15 years been the drug of choice in the control of thyrotoxicosis in all patients aged 40 years or more, and in the minority of younger people in whom the alternatives, anti-thyroid drugs or partial thyroidectomy, have been avoided or have proved unsatisfactory. About 60 per cent of all thyrotoxic patients have therefore qualified for this treatment, and since the condition is common large numbers continue to attend our hospitals for supervision. Although the 1311 is preferentially concentrated in the thyroid, there is also incidental irradiation of the salivary, breast and gastric mucosal cells which selectively trap iodide; the renal tubular cells are also exposed during the urinary clearance of the therapy dose but no effects have been observed in any of those tissues. A similar lack of effect has also been noted when the incidence of thyroid cancer


This is a report on an implemented system that allows the user to specify an argumentation semantics and that returns a logical encoding in the form of a parameterized propositional formula. When applied to a subset S of a given argumentation graph G, the instantiated formula is satisfiable if and only if S is an extension for G according to the argumentation semantics specified by the user.


During the past three decades, diversification-principally, the corporate acquisition of unrelated businesses—has been a dominant strategy for large, industrialized companies. Although firmly established, this strategy has gained scant recognition as a conceptually proper means for development, in part because of the seeming contrast between it and past strategies. In actuality, it is consistent with historical patterns of evolution and is progressing to a new stage, rationalization.


»My name is Boye, I dig carins and old mounds«The archaeologist Vilhelm Christian BoyeThe story of Vilhelm Boye is the history of one man's passionate and insightful involvement in archaeology, which from the first was directed solely towards the Bronze Age. His involvement led to an academic disaster in his youth, but left behind it a developed skill in field archaeology. Despite his problems he persisted with what most obsessed him, namely the preservation of Denmark's oak coffin graves. His multi-facetted personality and his more popular approach to archaeology may have challenged his contemporaries, and certainly contributed to his more or less deliberate exclusion from a permanent appointment at the Museum of Northern Antiquities in Copenhagen. Even though he was opposed by powerful people within the Copenhagen museum establishment for nearly twenty years, he had the natural facility of easily winning the trust of others. This enabled him to cope with the situation and turn it to his advantage wherever he found himself. His marriage to Mimi Drachmann brought a welcome stability to his life, but his lack of professional recognition and his exclusion from a place at the top of archaeology continued. Time was running out for Boye, but he managed to leave an impressive body of published work behind him.Vilhelm Christian Boye was the son of the Norwegian-born priest and writer of hymns Caspar Johannes Boye. In 1848 his father was moved to the garrison church in Copenhagen, where the family lived at 29 Bredgade until his father's death from cholera in 1853. This was a fashionable part of town, its residents including both the composer Niels W. Gade and Professor Adam Oehlenschläger, and even more notably J.J.A. Worsaae lived in the same property as the Boye family from 1850 to 1852. It was probably through his neighbour Worsaae that Boye later became a member of the circle around C.J. Thomsen. We may therefore assume that Boye visited and spent many after-school hours at the Museum of Northern Antiquities, and soon became an assistant during the public tours.Early in the 1840s tension arose between Worsaae and Thomsen, because Thomsen did not want to make Worsaae a junior museum inspector. Worsaae had not hitherto received any stipend or official position, and with some justice felt himself hard done by. Thomsen however did not respond to his request, so he left the Museum, later to be made Director for the Preservation of Ancient monuments. At the same time he taught at Copenhagen University, where Boye from time to time came to his lectures. There is no doubt that Boye wanted an academic career, and presumably hoped that his involvement with the Museum of Northern Antiquities would allow him to complete a study of Scandinavian archaeology. In the meantime Boye studied at the Museum under the direction of both Thomsen and Herbst.In early October 1857 Boye undertook one of his first excavations of a Bronze Age mound, the so-called Loholm barrow at Snørumnedre Mark (fig. 1). The dating of the grave however caused problems for him, but through a comparative study of Bronze Age burial rituals he concluded that the grave had close parallels within this period.The following year three funerary urns and some bronze objects were found in Hullehøj barrow, near Kjeldbymagle on the island of Møn. The barrow was going to be blown up, but the local judge had the work stopped and sent Boye to lead the excavation in May 1859. As the excavation progressed, Boye was able to ascertain that there were both cremations and inhumations in one and the same barrow. The inhumations were surrounded by fist-sized stones and placed at the bottom of the barrow, the cremations higher up within the mound. In comparison with his earlier barrow excavations it is worth noting Boye's stratigraphic observations, which for the first time supported the division of the Bronze Age into an earlier and a later section. This hypothesis had been suggested earlier, but not hitherto adequately demonstrated. In 1859 Boye published the results of his excavations of 1857-8, as well as those of his recently completed excavation of Aasehøj barrow at Raklev, in the periodical Annaler for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie for 1858. This article is his first independent scientific publication, and should have attracted greater attention than it in fact did. In modern perspective the article is a perfectly competent archaeological publication, in which Boye solely through field observations reaches the conclusion that the Bronze Age could be divided into two periods, each with its own burial ritual. Even though Boye had been close to understanding why both cremations and inhumations occurred in the same barrow as early as 1857, he did not reach his final understanding this early. In November 1857 Worsaae had in fact given lectures at the university in which he suggested a division of the Bronze Age, but it is noteworthy that he had not earlier published any or all of his conclusions. His work on the subdivision of the Stone Age was probably more important to Worsaae, while the subdivision of the Bronze Age was more of a footnote, a natural outgrowth of the idea that there was continuous development from one stage to the next. Boye's article in Annaler thus inevitably supported Worsaae's hypothesis, although this was presumably not the intention. On the contrary, Boye merely intended to publish his own conclusions. Boye cannot therefore be said to be the sole originator of the subdivision of the Bronze Age, but apart his barrow investigations there was nobody else who reached the same conclusion at the time independently of Worsaae.In 1860 Boye took part in the first major bog excavations, at Vimose and then at Thorsbjerg with Engelhardt. Despite adverse circumstances and appalling weather, the Thorsbjerg excavations produced several important finds including Roman coins, a gilt breastplate, and also a very unusual face mask of silver with gilt (fig. 2). Although Engelhardt did not publish the full excavation report until 1863-69, Boye presented his observations in Annaler as early as 1860, where he discussed earlier interpretations of the many weapons found in bogs. Boye observed that the universal destruction of these weapons did not happen by chance, but was deliberate. Furthermore, the weapons lay in groups of one type, and the shields were pierced by spear points to pin them to the bottom of the bog. Boye's interpretation of the finds was thus remarkably accurate, because he regarded them as votive offerings of the spoils of war.When Prussian and Austrian troops crossed the Ejder River on 1st February 1864, Boye volunteered within the month and was promoted to lance corporal (fig. 3). In May he was landed to take part in the defence of the island of Als along with the other Danish forces. On his return home in August Boye continued his work at the Museum of Northern Antiquities, but Thomsen's health was failing, and after a long illness he died on 21st May 1865. The question of who was to succeed Thomsen had long been discussed, and it was indeed Worsaae who was appointed. Although Herbst had been groomed for the job by Thomsen, he found himself outmanouevred. Boye probably already knew by then that he would not be given a position at the Museum. Herbst, his confidant, could no longer help him, and Thomsen's awareness of his archaeological skills was of no use either. Circumstances thus forced Boye to leave the Museum.Boye's relationship with the family friend and poet H.C. Andersen resulted in the latter recommending Boye in December 1867 as a Danish tutor to the Brandt family in Amsterdam (fig. 4). On Wednesday 22nd January 1868 Boye departed for Amsterdam via Kiel. During his stay Boye wrote regularly to Andersen, who also travelled to Amsterdam to visit him. His stay in Amsterdam was evidently good for Boye, and contributed to the fact that he never lost his love for archaeology. As early as late August of the same year, Boye travelled to southern Halland in Sweden at the request of Ritmester Peter von Möller, to examine and excavate a large group of barrows known as the Ätterhögar on the Drömmestrup estate, the excavation of which was concluded in early July 1869. Boye thus returned home just in time to take part as a member of the Danish Committee in the International Congress of Archaeology and Anthropology that was held in Copenhagen from 25th August to 5th September. But his love of Schleswig and the old borderland called him, and soon Boye moved permanently to Haderslev to work as a freelance writer on the daily paper Dannevirke under the editorship of H.R. Hiort-Lorenzen.His coverage of the International Congress of Archaeology and Anthropology meeting in Copenhagen is the most extensive of Boye's writings in Dannevirke. He also wrote a series of articles with a marked archaeological-ethnographic content, for example on the antiquities of Brazil, and the discovery of Australia.Although Boye supported himself as a writer for Dannevirke, his main occupation seems rather to have been the investigation of the burial mounds of Schleswig, which before 1864 had only been intermittently examined by amateurs. Boye began an extensive programme, and without his efforts and initiative, knowledge of many Schleswig barrows would have been lost. Although the information he recorded was not particularly satisfactory, in that it was mostly based on the memory of local people, his efforts should be seen as a precursor, because the work of protection went slowly at the time. In his search for lost information, in 1875 Boye considered the barrow at Dybvadgård north of Åbenrå, which had been partially excavated by Prince Carl of Prussia in 1864. During the excavations the Prince's soldiers found an oak coffin, which was despatched to the Museum für Völkerkunde in Berlin. Boye therefore wrote direct to the Prince, who in reply sent a photograph and description of the co


In the avian embryo the haemopoietic stem cells originate from the intra‐embryonic area near dorsal aorta. The surface‐marker expression of haemopoietic stern cells and their potential to produce different haemopoietic cells are still largely unknown. The surface antigen expression and particularly the MHC antigen expression on intra‐embryonic haemopoietic cells was studied. Expression of B‐F antigens, homologous to mammalian MHC class‐I antigens, was found already on embryonic day (ED) 5. The first B‐L antigens, analogous to mammalian MHC class‐II antigens, were detected also from ED5 onwards. The appearance of surface antigens defined by MoAbs T10A6 and 3–298 during embryogenesis also was studied. The antigen defined with T10A6 was detected from ED4 onwards on endothelial cells but not on haemopoietic cells in the para‐aortic region. The first 3–298+ haemopoietic cells were found on ED6, whereas endothelial cells were negative. These findings imply that some surface markers are shared with haemopoietic and endothelial cells indicating either a common embryonic origin or the importance of these molecules in embryonic stem‐cell homing.


The rise of immigration in the West has brought to the fore the issue about how the Christian church should relate to those in their midst of other faith traditions. The reigning paradigm in Western Christianity for interfaith relations has been pluralism, which is the view that all religions are essentially the same, with similar ends, and are equally valid. This essay seeks to challenge this assumption, examining the presuppositions that fuel this approach, showing how the seemingly "neutral" stance purported by its advocates is a fallacy. The author offers a different approach that seeks to take seriously the scriptural claims for the uniqueness of Christ, but also suggests a way to meaningfully engage with other faith traditions, without compromising what is essentially the foundation of Christianity-Jesus Christ.IMuch has been said about the rise of the global village, and the vast movements of people across oceans and continents have led to an increasing diversity in the populations of our cities around the world. This has led to a greater awareness of the multiplicity of cultures, practices, and faith traditions in what was once the cradle of Christendom in the West. In Canada where I am now living, the projections are that by 2031 almost half of all Canadians aged fifteen and over will have been born in a foreign country or have at least one parent who was foreign-born. This change is also expected to affect the religious affiliation of the population. It is estimated that the number of non-Christians will nearly double from 8 percent in 2006 to 14 percent in 2031, with an expected decline in Christians from 75 percent to 65 percent in the same period of time.1 The rapid pace of demographic change in the West has caused many in the church to ask questions of how we ought to relate to those of other faiths. Close encounters with those who are "other" has led to a revaluation of some of the deeply-held assumptions of Western Christians, including those who are engaged in the work of theology in academic contexts. This has led to the rise of a movement known as "pluralism" within theological circles.A particularly vexing issue is the whole matter of the Christian understanding of salvation, especially in light of the many people who remain outside this faith tradition. The main way in which this question is phrased is, "How can the traditional Christian understanding of salvation as being available only to some (whether it be through membership in the church, or through an explicit profession of faith) be reconciled with the vast numbers of people who are of non-Christian religions?" In simpler terms, the question is, "Who can be saved?" Attempts to answer this in the light of other faiths have been part of the intra-Christian debate for decades. Most discussions revolve around "issues concerning the nature of historical relativity, the evidence of the New Testament, the coherence of Chalcedon, the nature of God, and many other connected matters."2 It is unrealistic to believe that this essay can possibly answer all the thorny issues that surround this matter, so it will therefore confine itself to examining the presuppositions of pluralism. Pluralism has become the reigning paradigm for most contemporary Christians in the West, offering those who want to continue to hold fast to the claim that "there is salvation in no one else" (Acts 4:12) but Jesus the means to do so on equally rational terms, grounded in the authority of Scripture.The way in which I will address this problem is by first looking at the basis for pluralism and its foundation in relativistic reductionism, which attempts to equalize all faith claims, denying differences in an attempt to bring harmony. I will show that this is not only impossible to do at a practical level, but also ultimately intolerant of different faiths to the point of being just as "exclusivistic" as other Christian approaches. Next, I will endeavor to lay out a case that the Christian account of the human condition requires that divine revelation be the basis on which Christians should base their conceptions of salvation, and that such an approach does not close the door on a meaningful ongoing dialogue and cooperation with those of other faith traditions, but rather provides a sound doctrinal basis for doing so. …


Programs designed to develop future educational leaders must include practical learning experiences that connect the theoretical content of university coursework with the realities of the K-12 workplace. Internships, which offer a common method of providing these experiences, have been generally lacking in the degree to which aspiring leaders actually ever have a chance to lead. Wilmore (2002) suggests that internships should provide aspiring administrators the opportunities to do the things that real live administrators do each day. If leaders in real schools actually lead, then internships must provide opportunities for their participants to go beyond traditional observational roles and allow for real leadership experiences. Just as other professions prepare their aspiring professionals to actually do the job they are being prepared to do through intensive, authentic residencies and internships, educational leadership programs must similarly provide candidates those same opportunities. Auburn University, through extensive collaboration with its K-12 partner districts, has designed an internship model that will integrate all learning into a set of practical activities that will allow students the opportunity to practice, through real life leadership, those skills they have developed in their academic studies.


Abstract Background The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are complex chronic diseases that affect an increasing proportion of the population. Abdominal pain is a major clinical symptom, but current treatments are limited and a source of frustration for patients, many of whom seek alternatives such as cannabis. Cannabis contains many compounds with therapeutic potential that do not have the prohibitive psychotropic effects of tetrahydrocannabinol. These non-psychotropic cannabinoids (npCBs) have a variety of effects including analgesia and anti-inflammatory actions and show potentiating effects when administered in combination. The range of actions of these compounds potentially allows for their development as novel therapeutics for treatment of pain in IBD. Aims To investigate the analgesic effects of cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidivarin (CBDV), and cannabigerol (CBG), individually and in combination, in the treatment of colitis-evoked visceral hypersensitivity. Methods The analgesic effects of the npCBs were investigated in an acute dextran sodium sulfate model of colitis. Abdominal pain was quantified by electromyographic recordings of the reflexive contraction of the external oblique muscles in response to colorectal distension. Activation of the spinal cord was assessed using immunohistochemistry for the neuronal activity marker c-Fos in neurons of the spinal dorsal horn. Results CBD reduced pain responses in the functional assay and spinal cord c-Fos activity in a dose-dependent manner. A single intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg, 30 minutes prior to application of the noxious stimulus, reduced pain responses to the level of non-DSS treated control animals. CBDV, and CBG were found to be ineffective in either assay at doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg. Conclusions These results suggest CBD may be a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of colitis–induced visceral hypersensitivity with rapid translational value due to the legalization of cannabis and rapidly growing cannabis industry in Canada. Additionally, CBDV, CBC, and CBG will be further investigated for their analgesic effects and any potentiating effects from administration of multiple npCBs examined. Funding Agencies Alberta Innovates


Photograph of two women and a dog standing in a Scales Electric Company shop. One of the women is wearing a dark-colored dress, and the other is wearing a light-colored blouse and dark-colored skirt, holding the dog (possibly a service dog) by a leash. They are surrounded by light fixtures.


Cadmium (Cd) is a metallic element naturally occurring in trace amounts at the Earth's surface. It is toxic to humans, animals and plants, and known to be a human carcinogen. The metal associates with sulphide ores, mainly the mineral sphalerite (ZnS), and its cycling can be highly influenced by accumulation in plants and organic debris. Its abundance in igneous and sedimentary rocks is generally low, not exceeding 0.3 mg/kg, although Cd can concentrate in metalliferous ore deposits, in argillaceous (fine grained) rocks and in coal.
A contributing factor in determining the Cd content of soil is the chemical composition of the parent material. Areas in which soils are enriched in Cd are those with high naturally occurring Cd concentrations, usually associated with sulphide mineralisation, in the underlying rocks. Cadmium is an element associated with many of the mineralised areas and the accompanying mining and processing activities such as ore smelting. Zinc smelters may cause large emissions of fumes enriched in CdO. Phosphate fertilisers and sewage sludges are also sources of Cd in soil. The presence of Cd in car tyres and motor oil often accounts for the relative accumulation of Cd in roadside soils. Other important anthropogenic sources are Ni-Cd batteries and coal burning.


Introduction The Rajasthan part of the shelf together with Indus shelf (now in Pakistan) constitutes the eastern part of IndoArabian Geological Province. Geologically, the Rajasthan part of the shelf on the west of Aravalli axis is known for three sedimentary basins; the Bikaner-Nagaur Basin, the Jaisalmer Basin and the Barmer-Sanchor Basin. The Jaisalmer and Barmer-Sanchor are two neighbouring basins drawing a lot of attention for the hydrocarbon exploration (Fig. 1).


Imported malaria is defined as an infection acquired in a malaria-endemic area but diagnosed in a nonendemic country after the development of clinical symptoms. The fatality rate of malaria in the nonendemic area was 60 times higher than that in endemic areas, mainly because of the late diagnosis and treatment. Here, we report a 23-year-old Bangladesh male worker in a cleaning company was admitted to the Al Nuaman Teaching Hospital on May 22, 2018, with high-grade fever and abdominal pain of 2 days duration. In medical history, he had been diagnosed with malaria since childhood. The case report is presented with a review of the literature. Microscopy remains the gold standard diagnostic tool of malaria, thick and thin smears ± rapid diagnostic tests should be performed on all febrile returned travelers from risk areas.