COMSOL Multiphysics is a complete multiphysics simulation environment that can help investigate the effects of heating and cooling in devices, components, or processes. With this software, typical mechanisms of heat transfer are easy to study: conduction, convection, and radiation. A special strength is its ability to solve problems where heat transfer is coupled with any other physics, including structural mechanics, fluid dynamics, electromagnetics, and chemical reactions. In particular, it is easy to set up thermo-fluid dynamics simulations with natural and forced convection, both in laminar and turbulent regimes. Phenomena at all length scales can be modeled, from MEMS and electronics to large oven or open air. During the seminar, it will be shown the possibility of modeling also unconventional heat transfer problems such as thermal storage and management applications with phase change (solidification, melting...), automatic features for the transport of moisture both in solid and fluids, and bio-heating. It will be also explained how to build your own coupling within predefined physics or define new PDEs to describe specific phenomena. Lastly, it will be shown how models can be easily transformed into apps with intuitive user interfaces, that can be shared with colleagues or customers worldwide, delivering highly automatized solutions which can drastically improve design processes.


Aim To explore the dynamic characteristics of mitochondria damage induced by oxidative stress after cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Methods Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) model was conducted by the intraluminal filament technics. Mitochondrial MDA, ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential(Δψm)level were determined by using isolated mitochondria from brain tissue in perifocal ischemic area. The mtDNA copy number was measured with realtime PCR. And dynamic characteristic of mitochondria damage and mitochondria dysfunction induced by oxidative stress after cerebral ischemia reperfusion were explored by utilizing the above measurement. Results Mitochondrial MDA level increased gradually with the time extending after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. It was 4.61 ±0.83 at 6 hours post reperfusion, and was 6.94± 2420.96 at 72 hours, which both were dramatically higher compared with the sham-operated control(P0.01). Realtime PCR results showed the mtDNA copy number decreased at 6 hours, partly recovered at 24 hours, and declined markedly to 62% of the control group at 72 hours after ischemia(P0.01). Mitochondrial ATP level decreased significantly at 6 hours post repersuion, obtained transient increasement at 24 hours, and declined markedly to 42% of the control group at 72 hours after ischemia(P0.01). Fluorescence probe JC-1 results indicated the sustained reduction of Δψm with the time extending after ischemia reperfusion, it reduced significantly to 43% of the control group at 72 hours after ischemia(P0.01). Conclusion Mitochondria damage is gradually exacerbated with the time extending after ischemia reperfusion, which was induced by oxidative stress injury. Mitochondria of brain tissue have transient endogenous repair mechanism after cerebralischemia-reperfusion, but it can't resist the durable damage of oxidative stress.


Auditors perform a very important function because they are the only independent examiners of corporate financial statements before they are released to the public. Audited financial statements are somewhat reassuring to interested parties who may well be tempted, on the strength of an unqualified audit report, to believe that they are true and fair in all material respects. When such financial statements are subsequently found to be materially misstated, auditors frequently get the blame for alleged misrepresentation. The perception that auditors are there to ensure the absolute correctness of financial statements is no doubt one of the major reasons for litigation against auditors.


We present high-resolution thermal images of the electrical contacts inside an active thermoelectric micromodule that are acquired through the silicon substrate using near-infrared thermoreflectance. The temperature distribution of the contacts induced by the Peltier and Joule effects are separated. This technique can be utilized as a nondestructive means to evaluate metallization and contact resistance of micrometer-scale thermoelectric modules. By determining localized sources of Joule heating, one can identify manufacturing errors and generate design rules that can improve the cooling performance of the thermoelectric device.


This paper is based on the post-crisis era as the background, on the basis of Sino-US RMB exchangerate real dispute and existing research in academic, to the "exchange rate manipulation" is defined in "IMFAgreement" as a starting point, use co-integration empirical analysis, demonstrate the authenticity of Chinesegovernment's RMB "exchange rate manipulation". The results showed that: the foreign trade between theUnited States and China does not meet the Marshall-Lerner condition, and the devaluation of RMB can notbring the Sino-US trade surplus, China is not the "exchange rate manipulator", and the RMB exchange ratecontrol problem does not exist.


Bladder cherry (Physalis alkekengi L.) is a valuable medicinal plant of the Solanaceae family which has been used in the traditional medicine of Iran and the world and numerous therapeutic properties such as anti-fever and inflammatory, analgesic, anti-bacterial and virus have been reported for this plant. Bladder cherry is extensively used in Chinese medicine, and its fruit is used to treat abscess, cough and relieve fever, and sore throat. Brewed and boiled flower of this plant is also suitable for the treatment of diabetes and its root is used to urinary problems, skin inflammation, uric acid excretion, gout, arthritis, hemorrhoids, hepatitis, bronchitis, and liver enhancement. The most important phytochemical studies of bladder cherry originated in 1965. To date, about 124 components including steroids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and alkaloids have been extracted from different parts of the plant. Approximately, 58 combinations of steroids have been reported with the highest amount of physalins in the different parts of the bladder cherry. Moreover, 19 flavonoid compounds of the bladder cherry have been extracted from its calix in the form of flavon and flavonol. In general, the results of this study indicate that the bladder cherry due to the effective phytochemical properties of the nutrition and treatment of some diseases can be used as an important medicinal plant in the pharmaceutical industry.


EnglishThe Judiciary is a fundamental element of a legal culture and as such, it is influenced by its institutional and normative environment. Conversely, it contributes to form that environment. In the course of that interplay, it appears that the characteristic constitutive parameters of a legal culture are not constant. They are influence by statutory, political and economic forces, as well as by discursive jurisprudential reasoning. On the one hand, these factors have a centrifugal effect; on the other, they create new correspondences, which in turn are characteristic of a new form of European legal culture. From the vantage-point of the particular situation which prevailed in the Holy Roman Empire, it is possible to address the question, to what extent it provides any reference for acknowledging a European legal culture. Specifically, it may be argued that a transregional, and in some cases a European legal culture existed and may even have been developed in judicial practice, in particular in the area of commercial law. That development can be traced through opinions in commercial disputes, the socalled pareres, and their reception, which would later be translated into statutory authorities. francaisLa pratique judiciaire est un element fondamental de la culture juridique et, a ce titre, elle est influencee par son environnement institutionnel et normatif. Parallelement, elle contribue a former cet environnement. Cependant, au cours de cette interaction les parametres constitutifs caracteristiques d'une culture juridique ne sont pas constants. Ils sont influences par des forces juridiques, politiques et economiques, ainsi que par un raisonnement jurisprudentiel discursif. D'une part, ces facteurs ont un effet centrifuge ; d'autre part, ils creent de nouvelles correspondances, qui sont a la fois caracteristiques d'une nouvelle forme de culture juridique europeenne. Pour ce qui concerne la situation particuliere du Saint-Empire romain germanique, on peut se demander dans quelle mesure elle fournit une reference pour reconnaitre une culture juridique europeenne. En particulier, on peut arguer qu'il existait une culture juridique transregionale et, dans certains cas, europeenne, et qu'elle peut meme avoir ete developpee dans la pratique judiciaire, en particulier dans le domaine du droit commercial. Cette evolution est visible dans les avis donnes dans les litiges commerciaux - les pareres - et dans leur reception, qui sera traduit plus tard en textes de loi.


We present comparisons of simulations and experimental measurements on the shaping of noise by stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber. The effects of both intrinsic and technical noise on the Brillouin energy statistics are investigated.


Catalytic activities of 1% Pt/Cr2O3 and 1% Pt/γ-Al2O3 have been studied in total methane oxidation under lean conditions. The catalysts were characterized by DRS, XPS, and HRTEM. Low-conversion catalytic tests performed at 310 °C revealed a TOF (h–1) value 28 times larger for 1% Pt/Cr2O3 in comparison with 1% Pt/γ-Al2O3. The difference in TOF (h–1) and the differences in T50 observed through the light-off curves (352 °C on 1% Pt/Cr2O3 and 460 °C on 1% Pt/γ-Al2O3) are explained on the basis of strong differences in the methane oxidation rate dependences of the pre-exponential factor in the Arrhenius type equations. XPS analysis of 1% Pt/Cr2O3 revealed the presence of stable Pt0–Pt4+ catalytic sites of dipolar nature at the Pt/Cr2O3 interface. These sites are capable of increasing the probability of CH4 polarization, resulting in an increase of the strength and oriented collisions between the molecules and the catalyst surface, lowering the C–H bond energy, facilitating the abstraction of the first hydrogen...


Recent innovation of technology in wireless sensor network (WSN) has eased the deployment of WSN in many applications such as health monitoring system. This research presents a cyclist training monitoring system that is equipped with a set of sensors using the WSN technology. This enables continuous monitoring process of cyclist training that can be done anytime and anywhere. A stable and reliable wireless cyclist monitoring system with minimum data loss is vital to establish a smart and efficient sports management program that can lead to better quality outcomes of cyclist training. This cyclist training monitoring system has been developed and tested in real cyclist training environment in velodrome. The system is designed based on WSN that is linked to the cloud network on the Internet. Using TelG node as the basis, customized transceiver nodes are developed to establish the WSN. These nodes have been built with 30% reduction in size from the existing nodes. Seven measurements were conducted to investigate several factors that affect the packet loss rate before the system architecture was constructed. The factors that were taken into account during the measurements are the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, the height and angle of the receiver, the mobility of the transmitter, the transmission power of the transmitter, as well as the packet size and transmission rate. The results from the measurements correspond to the wireless communication theory. Based on the seven measurements, the system architecture was constructed. Several experiments were conducted in a real scenario in velodrome to measure the reliability of the system architecture. It was shown from the experiments that the proposed system is reliable even when the cyclist is moving at high speed which is 30km/h constantly. The packet loss in all experiments conducted is less than 2%, which does not give huge impact to the sensor data transmission. In addition, the results have shown that the proposed system can produce minimum end-to-end delay which is at 11ms when packet size is below 20 bytes which can be neglected.


This study aims to determine the effect of productive zakat, age, education, length of business and business location on the performance of micro-enterprises in Palembang City. The data used in this study are primary data with a sample of 30 micro enterprises. Determination of the sample in this study using the random sampling method. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis and multiple linear analysis or Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results of the analysis show that the productive zakat, age, education, length of business and business location variables simultaneously affect the performance of micro-businesses in Palembang City. The productive zakat variable has a positive and significant effect, the age and education variable has a negative and insignificant effect, the length of business variable has a positive but insignificant effect, and the business location variable has a negative and significant effect on the performance of micro-businesses in Palembang City.


Thank you for downloading legends of the lao a compilation of legends and other folklore of the lao people. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite books like this legends of the lao a compilation of legends and other folklore of the lao people, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their computer.


TXRF with a special energy dispersive spectrometer is well suited for analyzing light elements, such as C, N, O, F, Na, Mg and Al. The elemental sensitivity is mainly influenced by the energy of the exciting radiation. Different excitation energies from 1.7 to 17.5 keV and the resulting background due to scattering on the reflector substrate under total reflection conditions were studied theoretically. The angular dependence of the fluorescence signal from low-Z atoms implanted in Si, excited by monoenergetic radiation of various energies, was calculated. The same was also done for Ti atoms implanted in Si, and compared with the measured results. The excitation energy in the experiments was monochromatized Cr-K_α radiation. In addition, results obtained with synchrotron radiation as the excitation source are presented. A detection limit of 200 fg for Mg has been obtained.


The thermodynamical properties of polymers are studied using a BP artificial neural network model. In our artificial neural network model, the input nodes are melt density ρ, entanglement molecular weight M-e, glass transition temperature T-g, plateau modulus G-N, fraction of hook type configuration out of all possible configurations β, and characteristic ratio of mean-square end-to-end distance C-∞. The output node is heat capacity C-p and the number of hidden nodes is 5. Our predicted results of C-p are conformed with the experimental results, and the relative error is only 2.2~5.4. Artificial neural network model may be a new method to investigate the other properties of polymers.


Five-level-five factors concept was utilized for the optimization for keratinase production by Acremonium strictum RKS1. Experiments were performed as a function Duration, pH, Amount of substrate, Nitrogen source and Carbon source. Optimization of these five parameters for the maximum production of keratinase was studied. Statistically designed experiment using response surface methodology was used to get more information about the significant effect and the interaction between the five parameters. 2n full factorial central composite design was employed for the experimental design and analysis of result. The optimum process condition for maximum enzyme production as follows: Duration 12.8 day, 10 pH, Amount of substrate 199mg, Nitrogen source 3.5% and Carbon source 3%. The maximum keratin production was achieved (92.7%) at the optimum process conditions.


The effect of the shift of the effective energy of the pion-nucleon amplitude on the pion-nucleus charge exchange due to isospin splitting of the core is investigated. Calculations are done in both plane wave and distorted wave frameworks.


Skin‐like sensitivity, or the capability to recognize tactile information, is essential for future robots in elder care, search and rescue, entertainment and other applications involving unstructured environments. In this paper, we propose the design of a flexible one‐dimensional pressure‐sensing system that can localize deformation along a long strip and measure its magnitude with an integrated pair of sensors. The sensor system is fabricated with piezoresistive conductive foils and copper sheets encapsulated by adhesive tape with a total thickness of 0.7 mm. For the purpose of demonstration, the sensor is used to monitor the location and magnitude of kink deformation of an inflatable tube. Finite‐element modeling and simulation are conducted to investigate the behavior of the soft sensor system when subjected to kink deformation. The model‐predicted sensor output achieves good agreement with the experimental data for different deformation magnitudes. Finally, extensive experiments on a sensor prototype with dimensions of 35   ×   500   mm mounted on an inflatable tube are conducted to demonstrate the capability of the proposed scheme in simultaneous measurement of deformation location and magnitude. It is shown that the specific design approach minimizes the coupling of location and magnitude measurements, resulting in minimal complexity for data processing.


Throughout this study, I have underlined the need for implementing financial accounting rules and the general features related to the described fair value, while also presenting the development of the relevant standards and the definition of IASB perception in relation to financial assets, financial liabilities and capital instruments. A slow progress and repeated delays have helped IAS 39 remain relevant for a period longer than initially foreseen and this trend shall remain in place until IFRS 9 is implemented. This shows the ever growing importance of the topics and approaches discussed in this study.


AlN layers with different crystalline quality were grown on a c-plane sapphire substrate at 1400 °C by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. Dislocations in AlN were mostly edge-type, which was generated at the grain boundaries. Density of this type of dislocations was high in a narrow area compared with pure edge-type dislocations caused by the misfit between substrate and epilayer. As the film becomes thicker and thicker, dislocations at the grain boundaries were dispersed. The core structure of dislocation was also revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A low profile thin seam miner includes a main frame mounting a lower transverse axis rotary cutter and a parallel axis conveyor rearwardly of the lower cutter. The main frame also mounts a forward transverse axis rotary cutter somewhat above the lower cutter, the forward upper cutter being supported on a longitudinal boom pivoted to the main frame and being vertically swingable under influence of a single cylinder. The main frame and all of its parts is incrementally advanced into the seam by the alternating action of two horizontal longitudinal parallel axis cylinders connected between the main frame and a pair of floor-engaging plates. Two vertical axis jacks are connected between the two floor-engaging plates and two cooperating overhead roof plates, connected with the floor-engaging plates by separate toggle linkages. Two more generally upright cylinders connected between the floor plates and the rear of the main frame can tilt the main frame on a transverse pivot axis to vary the depth of cut of the lower rear cutter responsive to the control of a sensing tooth on such cutter. The single cylinder connected with the boom of the forward upper cutter can swing the boom on its transverse pivot axis to vary the depth of cut of the forward upper cutter, responsive to the control of a sensing tooth on such cutter.


32 The purpose of this manuscript is to define the evidence based bundling process that serves as the foundation for catheterassociated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) bundles. This manuscript also describes evidence based interventions that, when bundled together, can decrease the hospital acquired CAUTI. Patients are endangered by hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) nationwide. Increasing complexities in healthcare along with HAIs have resulted in rising costs of medical care. Most of these infections, about 23%-49% of them, occur within the urinary tract system, and 65%-76% of these cases involve an indwelling catheter. It is critical to investigate interventions on how to prevent these infections. Evidence based practice (EBP) has evolved over the past few decades transforming the way patients receive nursing care. 'Bundles of care' are being considered the radically new avenue to improve the provision of care for patients. These bundles of care usually consist of four to five elements of EBP carried out as a complete set of activities. Bundles are supported by clinical evidence and provide a framework for improving patient care. The implementation of a "CAUTI bundle" can decrease CAUTIs, improve catheter care practices, and spare hospitals millions of dollars by preventing these hospital-acquired infections. By organizing EBP into a bundle, healthcare facilities can decrease the rates of CAUTI events and improve everyday catheter care practices with the ultimate goal of decreasing the cost of treating CAUTIs while improving patient care.


A systematic review of the literature is provided on the economic effects of university "spin-off" companies that takes advantage of groundbreaking university research. It also considers whether these spinoffs contribute directly or indirectly to the economy and what best practices, especially government practices, support their creation. Evidence is examined that demonstrates that the creation of university spin-off companies intended to exploit knowledge developed in universities does contribute to economic growth and development. The effects of six types of government policies are examined: funding of academic research, provision of intellectual property rights to universities, laws to encourage university technology licensing, direct mechanisms to support the development of university spin-offs, programs to reduce financing gaps in early-stage technological development, and policies to encourage the movement of technically trained academics between the academic and private sectors. Six best practices are identified in several areas for policy makers to use in enhancing economic development through the creation and development of spinoff companies. (TNM)


In the light of the limitation of traditional disassembly modeling methods for complex product, a novel disassembly modeling method for design for disassembly(DFD) based on connector structure units is presented. The parts combination connected by physical, chemical or mechanical method is defined as connection structure unit. Thus, the product is mapped into the organic combination of connection structure units. The disassembly precedence rules are extracted by analyzing the disassembly knowledge and experience of connection structure units. In addition, the extension matter-element model of connection structure unit is constructed to describe its disassembly knowledge. To describe the assembly constraints and disassembly precedence between components of product, the disassembly multi-constrained graph model(DMCGM) is defined. The DMCGM is deduced fast based on reuse of connection structure units, which could eliminate uncommon or unrealistic solutions for subsequent disassembly sequence planning. A mould clamping device of injection molding machine case study proves the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.


This working paper examines the development of spa tourism industry which the Indonesian government considers it as a part of special interest tourism. More particularly, the paper will take a closer look at the innovation process in such development. At the initial stage of the research, this paper reports involvement among stakeholder in the industry to construct a better regulation for sustainable development of the industry. Data are obtained through a set of focused group discussion encompassing key person from government and private sector. The result shows that there is lack of coordination among parties resulting in the weakness of regulation available to the industry


This investigation was undertaken to answer the question: "does a plant grown under irrigated conditions really need an extensive root system?" Wiersum (1967) is of the opinion that plants do not need the extensive systems they could grow. The question was of great relevance to the irrigated areas in the Riverina of Australia where root penetration is a problem on dense clay soils.


Tissue engineering has been a fundamental technique in the regenerative medicine field, once it permits to build tri-dimensional tissue constructs associating undifferentiated mesenchymal cells (or mesenchymal stromal cells - MSCs) and scaffolds in vitro. Therefore, many studies have been carried out using these cells from different animal species, and rabbits are often used as animal model for in vivo tissue repair studies. However, most of the information available about MSCs harvesting and characterization is about human and murine cells, which brings some doubts to researchers who desire to work with a rabbit model in tissue repair studies based on MSCs. In this context, this study aimed to add and improve the information available in the scientific literature providing a complete technique for isolation, expansion and differentiation of MSCs from rabbits. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) from humerus and femur of rabbits were obtained and to evaluate their proliferation rate, three different culture media were tested, here referred as DMEM-P, DMEM´S and α-MEM. The BMMCs were also cultured in osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic induction media to prove their multipotentiality. It was concluded that the techniques suggested in this study can provide a guideline to harvest and isolate MSCs from bone marrow of rabbits in enough amount to allow their expansion and, based on the laboratory experience where the study was developed, it is also suggested a culture media formulation to provide a better cell proliferation rate with multipotentiality preservation.


Emulating the sense of touch is fundamental to endow robotic systems with perception abilities. This work presents an unprecedented mechanoreceptor-like neuromorphic tactile sensor implemented with fiber optic sensing technologies. A robotic gripper was sensorized using soft and flexible tactile sensors based on Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) transducers and a neuro-bio-inspired model to extract tactile features. The FBGs connected to the neuron model emulated biological mechanoreceptors in encoding tactile information by means of spikes. This conversion of inflowing tactile information into event-based spikes has an advantage of reduced bandwidth requirements to allow communication between sensing and computational subsystems of robots. The outputs of the sensor were converted into spiking on-off events by means of an architecture implemented in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and applied to robotic manipulation tasks to evaluate the effectiveness of such information encoding strategy. Different tasks were performed with the objective to grant fine manipulation abilities using the features extracted from the grasped objects (i.e., size and hardness). This is envisioned to be a futuristic sensor technology combining two promising technologies: optical and neuromorphic sensing.


The ultrastructure of the normal mouse adrenal cortex and the zona glomerulosa as stimulated by sodium restriction and repressed by high salt intake is reported. The mitochondria are zone specific, the endoplasmic reticulum tubular and the endothelium fenestrated. An intimate relationship between elements of reticulum, mitochondria and lipid droplets is seen in all animals. The rough reticulum is poorly developed in all but the glomerulosa of salt‐restricted animals. The Golgi apparatus, associated vesicles and surface microvilli are relatively more developed in the inner cortical zones and in the glomerulosa cells of stimulated animals, whereas surface coated pits and vesicles do not vary. Lysosome‐like granules are more prominant in the control reticularis and in the glomerulosa of animals on high salt intake.


Patient's medical records are now accessible from anywhere and at any time, thanks to the Internet and the changes it has wrought in the healthcare industry. Electronic health records were dogged by a lack of standards, but that was not the only issue. Decentralized online ledgers were already being proposed and used to solve interoperability and privacy issues when blockchain-based systems were first built. As far as technical issues go, scaling, usability, and accessibility stand out. On the one hand, it is difficult to keep secure access control measures on-chain while simultaneously keeping a wide range of medical data off-chain. Finding out who owns what and spreading access control of data is the second challenge in medical settings. Using temporal blockchain, the Secured Healthcare System (SHS) aims to address these problems (TB). As an SHS fundamental building piece, the context-based Merkle tree emphasizes privacy, enhanced integrity management, and access control methods (CBMT). For interoperability and scale control, the framework uses temporal features, HL7 criteria, and IPFS data management (IPFS). Personalized micro booklet (PML) security was found to be affected by the SHS framework, namely, on the time-based shadow notions and the contextual components of the PML (PML). Taking advantage of the architecture's enormous potential to solve the challenges of siloed data and enabling tamper-proof, secure healthcare transaction has been sought.


The polaron concept is used to describe trapping of charge in a dielectric medium. It is shown that trapping is associated with defects identified as being due to a local decrease of the electronic polarizability. The polarization energy around a charge is estimated, using a self-consistent calculation of the local field. In nonpolar dielectrics this energy is 5 eV per charge, in the limit of validity of the Clausius-Mosotti relation. In polar dielectrics it can be much higher. A flashover process is proposed as resulting from the destabilization of the space charge by a variety of perturbations (electrical, mechanical, thermal), followed by the mechanical relaxation of the lattice, initially polarized by the charge. >


Economists who have studied the economics of crime and other illegitimate activities have pointed out that criminals behave according to economic axioms and tend to evaluate the marginal costs and marginal benefits of such activities. Criminals, as economic agents, consider the probability of capture, conviction and penalisation as costs of the process of criminal activity. These rational individuals often recognise that these probabilities are quite low, at least in many countries, and crime occurs as a result.


Electron impact, high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is currently the method of choice for the analysis of polychlorinated dibenso-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) because of its ability to detect PCDD/F in the presence of interfering compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), which cannot be resolved by low resolution methods. The PDCC/F analyses may also be performed using electron capture, negative ionization (ECNI) low resolution mass spectrometry, providing extensive sample preparation is done to remove interferences. Before ECNI low resolution mass spectrometry (MS) can be accepted as a routine method for PCDD/F analysis, it is necessary to show that results generated by this method are comparable to those obtained by HRMS. Known mixtures and unknown air samples were analyzed by electron impact HRMS (Finnigan MAT 90 system) and by ECNI low resolution MS (Hewlett Packard 5985B). Both instruments were fitted with a gas chromatographic inlet. The PCDD/F concentrations determined by the two techniques compare favorably, typically within 20%. The major difference between these two methods is that the ECNI low resolution method shows poor sensitivity in detecting 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodioxin. However, ECNI MS offers the advantage of lower detection limits (50-100 fg) than electron impact HRMS (0.1 to 0.5 pg). These results suggest thatmore » ECNI low resolution MS can be a simple, low cost alternative to the common high resolution methods used for PCDD/F analysis.« less


Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta was investigated at the light-microscopic level by immunohistochemistry with an antiglutamate antibody. Immunoreactivity was seen in the basal region of the suckers, in the rostellum, subtegumental regions, central nervous system, and longitudinal nerve cords, and in eggs. In the scolex the cerebral ganglia were diffusely immunoreactive, and immunoreactive tracts, passing from the cerebral ganglia to the suckers, were observed. The longitudinal nerve cords contained large groups of intensely stained cell bodies and processes throughout the length of the strobila. Immunoreactive tracts from the longitudinal nerve cords formed junctions with the deep longitudinal muscles only in the lateral regions of the proglottids. However, neuron-like varicose swellings were seen in the subtegumental area of the mature region. The localization of glutamate-like immunoreactivity in various parts of the nervous system and tissues of Hymenolepis diminuta p...


This article is a theoretical discussion, based on sociological principles which constitute the structural composition of the profession of librarian, from a systemic perspective of world organisation, according to Habermas' theory of communicative action and the professional typology proposed by Freidson in his Sociology of Professions. Focusing on the structural characterisation of the daily tasks performed by the Brazilian Librarian, the article concludes that the capacity of librarians to respond to the political and economic changes of the beginning of the XXIst century depends on a clear and transparent description of the responsibilities of the information professional and how the Brazilian Library Professional System is structured. If the theoretical principles discussed are used for the educational purposes of the librarians and for their strategic national action, these same principles may prepare the librarian to respond to the new political and economic environment of the new century.


Agriantibiotic S024 had strong antibiotic effects on Fusarium turcicum and Rhizoctonia cerealis.The mycelium cell membrane was damaged after treatment with fermenting liquor of S024 diluted 10 times,the release of soluble constituents and the disappearance of the vacuole could be observed too.S024 could make the pathogenic mycelium break so that the mycelium growth was inhibited,however,the treated mycelium grew normally again after S024 stress was removed.Germination of pathogenic spore was inhibited after treatment with S024.


Party Governments,written by E.E.Schattschneider,is not only an important politics book that systematically studies the American party governments,but also a representative book of the theory of responsible party governments.The book by Schattschneider tells about the problems in American party governments and the solutions to the problem,analyzes the political functions of pressure groups,minor parties and local political chiefs,and discusses the public responsibility of parties and the method in establishing responsible party governments.


Volatile organic compound (VOC)-based fire-risk assessment systems for woodland fires can shorten the time between a fire outbreak and the arrival of fire crews. This can prevent the development of crown fires, which are harder to control than ground fires. Semi-conductor metal-oxide gas sensors possess good technical properties for VOC detection. In this study, the VOC emissions of heated lignocellulose biomass (Eucalyptus globulus) was analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three semi-conductor metal-oxide gas sensors were calibrated to eucalyptol, furfural, α-pinene and 2-methoxyphenol. Among the 20 quantified VOCs, eucalyptol and furfural showed the highest emission rates. The sensors online monitored the temperature-dependent VOC pattern generated by the pre-ignition, at ignition and post-ignition heating stages. The feasibility of such gas sensors for early fire detection is discussed.


Blood was collected into Acid Citrate Dextrose solution (ACD) from a group of 20 large, adult rhesus monkeys. In ten of the experiments, the blood was labeled immediately with radioisotopes and reinfused into the donor monkeys. The other ten blood units were stored at 4 C for 21 days, then tabled and infused into the donor monkeys. In vitro determinations were made immediately after collection and at the end of the storage period and compared with the results obtained in stored human blood.


Effort has been made in this paper to examine the impact of SHGs on the basis of occupation, income and benefits both at pre-SHG and post-SHG stages. It has been evident that 25 per cent of the respondents had no occupation in the pre-SHG stage whereas cent per cent is occupied at the post-SHG stage. The occupation chosen by the SHG members depends on the availability of skill and resources. It has been also observed that the income of the members of the SHG has increased substantially after joining SHG. Increase in income had helped to reduce the levels of poverty to a great extent in several families.


Objective:To explore the effect of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF) and non-metastasis 23(nm23) on onset and development of ovarian endometriosis,expound the correlation between MIF,nm23 and ovarian endometriosis.Methods:The expression levels of MIF and nm23 in ectopic endometrium from 40 cases with ovarian endometriosis,eutopic endometrium from 35 cases with ovarian endometriosis and normal endometrium from 30 healthy women were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:The expression rate of MIF in ectopic endometrium was 77.50%,which was higher than those in eutopic endometrium and normal endometrium,there was significantly difference among three groups(P0.05);the expression rate of nm23 in ectopic endometrium was 42.50%,which was significantly lower than those in eutopic endometrium and normal endometrium(P0.05),but there was no significant difference between eutopic endometrium and normal endometrium(P0.05);there was a negative correlation between MIF expression and nm23 expression in ectopic endometrium(γ=-0.385,P0.05).Conclusion:MIF and nm23 play important roles in the onset and development of ovarian endometriosis.


This thesis elaborated on Chinese express railway transport logistics program to develop ideas and evaluation system.Introduced a program to develop railway transport methods and content.


ABSTRACT Studies of the SME sector indicate that the majority of owner/managers do not utilize formal planning techniques to assist in the management of performance. There is, however, a strong relationship between the existence of a plan and financial performance. To stimulate adoption of a more proactive managerial orientation, the Plymouth Business School developed a technique which draws upon the experience of the owner/manager to construct a Relative Advantage Matrix. The technique, designed to assist the small firm to more critically assess future performance, was evaluated by presenting the approach to 61 smaller firms and gaining their perceptions of the validity of the model. The majority of respondents considered the technique was a useful tool and later follow-up revealed adoption or intention to use in the near future. An analysis of Relative Advantage Scores for current versus performance three years earlier for all firms is presented with data on core business versus new customer satisfactio...


On June 11, 2019, the United Nations (UN) Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 2474 on missing persons in armed conflict. The resolution marks the first time the Security Council has agreed on a thematic text dedicated to this issue, lending its collective voice to call for more effective implementation of existing obligations towards missing persons—both civilian and military—and their families under international law.


Field experiment was carried out in Moddhochar Jabbar of Noakhali, Bangladesh during Boro season (December-April) 2018 to investigate the ameliorative effect of application of gypsum and transplanting method on the yield of BRRI dhan28 (V1) and BINAdhan-10 (V2)under salinity stress. The experiment comprised 3 factors; Transplanting method, Variety and Gypsum. This variety was evaluated under two transplanting methods i.e., Furrow transplanting (T1) and Conventional transplanting (T2) and four levels of gypsum with control G0: control, G1: 50 kg ha-1,G2: 100 kg ha-1 and G3: 150 kg ha-1 .The experiment was laid out in a Latin Square Design (LSD) with three replications. Salinity level had significant negative effect on plant characters and yield of rice.  Gypsum (@ 150 kg/ha) exerted positive significant effect on most of the plant parameters except number of non-effective tillers. Furrow transplanting method (T1) had positive significant effect on most of the plant parameters except panicle length and harvest index. Binadhan-10 shows better performance than BRRI dhan28 in case of yield and all yield contributing characters in the prevailing condition. The highest grain yield (6.63 t ha-1) found from T1V2G3 (combination of furrow transplanting method, Binadhan-10 and gypsum @ 150 kg/ha) and lowest (4.26 t ha-1) inT2V1G0 (combination of conventional transplanting method, BRRI dhan28 and gypsum @ 0 kg ha-1). It was calculated that the straw yield highest (8.14 t ha-1) in T1V2G2 (combination of furrow transplanting method, Binadhan-10 and gypsum @ 100 kg/ha) and lowest (5.61 t ha-1) in T2V1G0 (combination of conventional transplanting method, BRRI dhan28 and gypsum @ 0 kg/ha).


The huge amount of data provided by cDNA microarray measurements must be explored to answer fundamental questions about gene functions and their interdependence, and hopefully to provide answers to questions like what is the type of disease affecting the cells, or which genes have a strong influence on this disease? For given target genes, which genes have the strongest influences on them? Given a set of genes, how do they communicate with each other? The first question involves gene classification; the second question involves gene prediction; and the third question involves constructing genetic networks. In this article, we give a brief overview on modeling genetic networks and statistical inference of genetic networks based on microarray data.

Keywords:

Boolean networks;
Bayesian networks;
CDMA microarray;
molecular biology;
probabilistic Boolean networks;
gene clustering;
reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo annealing


The complete movement towards school reform is based upon the need to modernize the traditional educational systems in accordance with the latest requirements of the society. In other words, there is need for a high level of flexibility and adaptability in the system of education by means of including students into social life. Needless to say, these reforms also comprise reforms in the forms of educational work. It is also necessary to introduce new forms of teaching but it should not mean completely throwing away the old forms, but complementing them and maintaining their positive values. That is why the system class - grade is based on working groups that get tasks. In that way, relations student-student, student-teacher, student-group, and group-teacher are created and the social life of the class is strengthened. An inner dynamics among the members of the group is created in the form of dyadic relations (tandem work among students), triadic relations, etc.


A novel TiO 2 /CuInS 2 hybrid is synthesized by an in-situ hydrothermal approach, with the TiO 2 naonfibers coated by few-layer CuInS 2 nanoplates. A direct Z-scheme heterojunction is generated between TiO 2 and CuInS 2 which results in superior photocatalytic activity for CO 2 reduction under irradiation. Abstract Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction into solar fuels over photocatalysts has theoretically and practically become a hot research topic. Herein, we fabricated a novel hybrid TiO 2 nanofiber coated by CuInS 2 nanoplates through a hydrothermal method. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopes, UV-vis absorption spectra, nitrogen sorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical impudence spectroscopy. The resulting TiO 2 /CuInS 2 hybrid nanofibers exhibit superior photocatalytic activity for CO 2 reduction under irradiation, due to the generation of direct Z-scheme heterojunction between TiO 2 and CuInS 2 . This work may provide an alternate methodology to design and fabricate multicomponent TiO 2 -based photocatalyst for high-efficiency CO 2 photoreduction.


AbstractThe disposition kinetics of intravenous halofantrine-HCl was studied in beagle dogs. In a dose-ranging study, three dose levels of halofantrine, 2.5 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg, were administered intravenously by infusion pump over 10 min or 2 h. the mode of intravenous administration of halofantrine was well tolerated by all animals. the 5 mg/kg dose infused over a period of 10 min produced adequate blood and plasma levels for pharmacokinetic analysis. therefore, this dose and infusion rate was employed in the definitive study.The disposition of halofantrine followed a tri-exponential decline. the mean (± SD) elimination clearance is 15.7 ± 4.3 L/h for blood and 12.9 ± 2.6 L/h for plasma; while the steady-state volume of distribution for blood and plasma are 275.7 ± 165.9 L and 402.0 ± 205.6 L respectively. the terminal elimination half-lives in blood and plasma are 111.3 ± 72.1 h for blood and 192.8 ± 104.5 h for plasma.Halofantrine was observed to be a low extraction drug with hepatic extracti...


The emerging markets of Africa present a significant growth potential for pharmaceutical brand owners. Africa's appeal to drug companies lies in its growth potential, at a time when the major markets face an uncertain future. By 2016, pharmaceutical spend in Africa is expected to reach US$30 billion, and potentially represents a US$45 billion opportunity by 2020 (IMS 2013). However, hurdles exist at every stage in the medicinal path to market (Kudlinski, 2013):  Long lead-times for drug registrations  Substandard and counterfeit medicines  Limited infrastructure  Small volumes  Large and dispersed populations in rural areas Given this environment, increasing access to medicines and growing volumes and scale may seem impossible. However, innovative solutions can overcome them and ensure a sustainable business. Imperial Health Sciences (IHS) is a division of Imperial Logistics, specialising in pharmaceutical storage and distribution across 22 countries on the continent. With almost a decade of learning, Imperial Health Sciences has developed a matrix model which provides clients with a framework for developing their strategy for the dynamic markets of


This impressive biography of Franz Ritter von Hauslab (1798–1883) sets his significant role in the development of cartography and its applications in nineteenth-century Europe within the context of...


This paper reports the results of observation skills training via an interactive multimedia training program for preservice teachers at Lincoln University (Missouri). The training program provides multiple videos for users to practice six types of observation methodologies, comparisons to "expert" data, and on-line access to procedural information. The study provides an analysis of audit trail records, user surveys, and pre-post testing of observer reliability to ascertain relationships between computer experience, prior classroom experience, learning strategies, engagement time, and program efficiency. Sample screens from the multimedia training program are included. Four tables present data on: observation reliability score outcomes for two observational methodologies; relationships between outcomes and learner differences; relationships between outcomes, learning style differences, and semester; and relationships between outcomes and practice strategy differences. (Author/DLS) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** Multimedia Training in Classroom Observation: Pathways to Proficiency Gail E. Fitzgerald, Ph.D. Rhetta Standifer e-mail: email@example.com e-mail: email@example.com School of Information and Learning Technologies University of MissouriColumbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This docuMent has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. O Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Louis P. Semrau, Ph.D. e-mail: lsemrau @kiowa.astate.edu Department of Special Education Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA Jodi Johnson, Ph.D. Department of Education Lincoln University, Jefferson City, MO 65102, USA "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY G.H. Marks TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." Abstract: This paper reports the results of observation skills training via an interactive multimedia training program for preservice teachers. The training program provides multiple videos for users to practice six types of observation methodologies, comparisons to "expert" data, and on-line access to procedural information. The study provides an analysis of audit trail records, user surveys, and pre/post testing of observer reliability to ascertain relationships between prior computer experience, prior classroom experience, learning strategies, engagement time, and program efficiency. This paper reports the results of observation skills training via an interactive multimedia training program for preservice teachers. The training program provides multiple videos for users to practice six types of observation methodologies, comparisons to "expert" data, and on-line access to procedural information. The study provides an analysis of audit trail records, user surveys, and pre/post testing of observer reliability to ascertain relationships between prior computer experience, prior classroom experience, learning strategies, engagement time, and program efficiency. 1 Background to the Study The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a multimedia training program to develop proficiency in classroom observation skills of preservice teachers. The training program was delivered through an interactive videodisc format which offers multiple videos for teachers to practice six types of observational methodologies: event recording, duration recording, latency recording, interval recording, time sampling, and A-B-C analysis [Fitzgerald 96] [Semrau 96]. For each video-based practice, the computer program controlled the start and stop frames, provided a timer, and provided user control over practice sequence. Users entered their observation results into the computer program and compared their data to that of "experts." Two unique features in the design of the multimedia training program are: 1) one video is "saved" to provide a constructivist experience for the user to define behaviors for each of the observational methodologies, and 2) procedural information for the six observational methodologies is available on-line for easy review. Training in classroom observation skills is a complex and time-consuming process. To learn to code behavior reliably, an observer must learn to identify behaviors accurately, watch and code multiple behaviors in realtime, and apply these skills to varied and dissimilar settings. The usual training method involves an apprenticeship model where a teacher explains the procedure, demonstrates via videotapes, provides practices through videotapes and field assignments, and undertakes reliability testing with tapes, if at all. It is not feasible to spend the necessary amount of practice time for classroom observation training within most teacher education programs; thus mastery of methodology or reliability is rarely documented [Fitzgerald, 1995]. Interactive multimedia training provides one solution to the problem of observation training, practice, and reliability testing. Through repeated practice with videos and "expert" comparisons, a novice can practice until proficient and establish coding reliability. With the capability of accessing procedural information regarding observation methodologies, a novice can review procedures if questions arise during practice. Since a hypermedia format allows users to make personalized decisions regarding practice sequences and strategies,


This paper investigates the relationship between intergovernmental relations and China's macroeconomic stability to analyze the impact of local fiscal gap and levels of government institution.This paper finds that the impact of government institution is uncertainty,the key points of intergovernmental relations adjustment is not"provincial control county",but rather reducing local fiscal gap when transforming government functions. Based on samples,this paper empirically researches the impact of the"province administrating county"reform in order to determine the impact of the"province administrating county"to economic growth and stability.This paper found that when there is no financial difficulties,"province administrating county"on the whole in general is conducive to economy,and vice versa.Thus the more serious of the county financial difficulties,the bigger negative impact the"province administrating county"will be.


Reflecting on his five decades of passionate involvement in justice scholarship, teaching, and community action, a senior scholar offers some observations about the long path from Plato to Rawls, and how this relates to daily practice and political involvement. The Western justice tradition is very cerebral and rational, whereas real-world involvements are very emotional and ethically ambiguous. What does one need to know to be a conscious and ethical actor in the daily world of practical action and community politics? Is one's intellectual the best guide? One's emotions? What does justice mean?


Approved: ____________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________ Title and Department ____________________________________ Date 1 FUTURES SO BRIGHT: SOLAR HOMES IN MID-TWENTIENTH CENTURY AMERICA by Sara Denise Shreve A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in American Studies in the Graduate College of The University of Iowa


The Mosco convergance of a kind of function sequences with an infimum form is investigated. The theorem 1 in this paper gives a similar result in a more extensive case than Moreau - Yosida approtimate, and the results of Mosco convergence about Moreau - Yosida approximate have been partially ex- tended.


The problem solution of security control of wireless computer network nodes, which is based on the use of the apparatus of fuzzy sets is presented in this article. The approach used in the paper aims to an automation that will improve the efficiency of control of the nodes and operations of a network administrator. The approach allows forming a system of security control of the wireless computer network based on neuro-fuzzy (hybrid) network, which is characterized by high adaptability, ease use, the ability to identify better the sequence of the analysis of vulnerabilities in the wireless computer network nodes. The feature of the proposed approach takes the dynamic nature of the wireless computer network into account.


The seeds of Nigella sativa L. (black seed) have been used as a natural remedy to treat many diseases, including hyperlipidemia in some folk medicine. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of dietary black seed in hyperlipidemic rabbits. Twenty four New Zealand male rabbits were fed a 0.5% cholesterol diet for 1 month and then were randomly assigned to two groups, the control group which received the previous hypercholesterolemic diet and the black seed group which was fed 7.5 g/kg b.w/day crushed black seed + 0.5% cholesterol diet, each for 2 months. Fasting blood samples were obtained at baseline, after hyperlipidemia, 1 month and 2 months of treatment to determine serum lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), level, total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). The concentrations of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL.C) and MDA were significantly lowered in black seed group (P 0.05). In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that dietary black seed can favorably decrease serum lipid profile and lipid peroxidation levels in hyperlipidemic rabbits, therefore, it may be considered as a useful therapy for hyperlipidemia.


Wet and dry weights of tissue were measured and concentrations of glycogen, lipid and protein were estimated for the liver, gonad and carcass of male sticklebacks from an annual population collected each month over one complete year. In young-of-the-year there is one period of rapid weight gain, in all three body regions (liver, carcass and gonads) but particularly of the carcass, in the autumn and a second in spring and early summer. This is accompanied by an increase in the water content of all three body regions. The gonadosomatic index also increases sharply in spring and early summer. Young sticklebacks accumulate lipid and glycogen slowly during the autumn and winter of their first year of life and more rapidly from late winter to early summer. Thus, the period of most rapid accumulation of these reserves coincides with the time when body weight and gonad maturation are also increasing sharply. Lipid and glycogen levels fall during the reproductive season in those males that breed, so that by July they are reduced to 43% and 37% (respectively) of their peak values in May. Levels of protein increase throughout the year as the fish grow, but in breeding males by July the concentration of protein in the carcass falls to 70% of pre-breeding levels. Breeding males therefore reach the end of the reproductive season with their total energy reserves severely reduced, and consequently they suffer a very high mortality. In contrast, adult males that fail to reproduce survive beyond the breeding season. They continue to gain weight and to accumulate lipid and glycogen from August to September, but these energy reserves fall (to levels comparable to those of post-breeding fish) in December, when these fish probably die. These results demonstrate that in male sticklebacks, growth and gonad maturation can be sustained in parallel with the accumulation of energy reserves, which are subsequently extensively depleted as a result of reproductive activities.


Boundary feedback control design for linear scalar conservation laws in the presence of exogenous disturbances is studied. The closed-loop system is rewritten as an abstract dynamical system. Sufficient conditions in the form of dissipation functional inequalities are given to establish the existence of a bound on the $\mathcal{L}^{2}$ norm of the state with respect to energy bounded in-domain disturbances. A systematic design algorithm based on semidefinite programming is provided to design a stabilizing control gain minimizing the effect of the exogenous input on the closed-loop response. The effectiveness of the approach is shown in a numerical example.


Aim To see if NMP22 combined with urine cytology can safely increase the interval between cystoscopies in the surveillance of superficial bladder cancers. Methods Thirty four patients with low grade superficial bladder transitional cell carcinomas were prospectively recruited and followed up with regular flexible cystoscopies over 2 years. Freshly voided urine was collected for urine cytology and NMP22 test prior to cystoscopy. Patients with suspicious cystoscopy findings or suspicious cytology underwent biopsies and/or resection of the suspicious lesions. Results 172 urine samples were collected and analyzed. The NMP 22 results were compared with voided urine cytology, cystoscopy and histological findings. Using the 10U/ml cutoff for quantitative measurement, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of urinary NMP22 were 50%, 90.7%, 21.0%, and 97.3% respectively. When combined with voided urine cytology, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 71.4%, 88.5%, 25.0%, and 98.3% respectively. In comparison, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of cystoscopy were 85.7%, 97.6%, 66.7%, and 99.2% respectively. Analysis with a receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve found the ideal threshold of determinance of NMP22 for the detection of recurrences is 8.5U/ml with 100% sensitivity and 73.9% specificity. In our center, replacing alternate cystoscopy examination at 3,9,18 and 30 months with NMP22, results in a cost saving USD$740 or 37% per patient over 5 years. In the event of false positives, the patient will revert to the current surveillance schedule, with no increased costs incurred. Conclusion We propose that the optimal cutoff value for NMP22 is 8.5U/ml. At this level. the combination of the NMP22 BladderChek test and voided urine cytology is a sensitive non-invasive alternative to cystoscopy in the surveillance of patients who have had superficial low grade bladder cancer.


Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of a large number of low cost and low power, multifunctional sensor nodes communicating at short distance. These sensor nodes are densely deployed to collect and transmit data from physical world to one or more destination nodes called "sink" in an autonomous way. They have been making up of a mass of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as water contamination, sound, temperature, motion, pressure, and other pollutants. However, security threats to WSNs become serious challenges due to their open nature of the wireless medium. For example, an adversary can easily eavesdrop and replay or inject fabricated messages. Traditional different cryptographic methods can be used to defend against some of such attacks but now very limited. Node compromised is another major problem for WSN security as it allows an adversary to enter inside the security perimeter of the network, called internal attack, which raised more serious challenge to WSNs due to its nature. In this paper, we are focusing on investigating internal attacks of wireless sensor networks with multi-hop and single sinker. The epistemic uncertainty theory is introduced and it is to be shown that our novel algorithm works with controllable resiliency of wireless sensor networks, based on Dempster-Shafer theory (DST). It is to ensure the targeted WSN working at the designed resiliency level with our algorithm.


The total scale of South Area Sewage Treatment Works in Ningbo is arriving at 400 000 m3/d,of which 160 000 m3/d of Phase Ⅰ has been already built. Then,the scale of Phase Ⅱ is determined of 80 000 m3/d originally,but the owner has made demands for protective distance by Environment Protection Bureau and setback line by Planning Bureau. Meanwhile,the fields of Phase Ⅲ and Phase IV,recycled water usage treatment site,outflow quality updating treatment site and sludge treatment site should be reserved in the limited land. For this purpose,the design principle of Phase Ⅱ general layout and detailed design plans of seven functional areas are introduced. Finally,several key points are put forward including general layout,inflow pre-treatment site,upgrading discharging,recycled water usage treatment,advanced technology and project equipment,etc.


The study's objective was to evaluate the correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and primary open-angleglaucoma (POAG).The study was conducted on 180 patients.One hundred elevenwere included in Group A after being diagnosed with T2DM. Sixty-ninesubjects diagnosed with POAG and without T2DM were included in Group B. Examination of the anterior segment, funduscopic evaluation, Optical coherence tomography(OCT) examination,and measurement of Central corneal thickness (CCT) and Intraocular pressure (IOP)weredone. International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria was used for defining glaucoma. American Diabetes Association criteria werefollowed for defining diabetes.A total of 180 patients were included in the study. The total participants were further divided into threegroups. Group I- subjects with T2DM (80, 44.4%), Group II- subjects with glaucoma and T2DM (30, 16.6%), and Group III- subjects with POAG and without T2DM (70,39%).The study did not confirm the association between glaucoma and T2DM. The mean IOP in Group A and B was 15.76 ± 3.09 mm Hg and 18.36 ±4.38 mm Hg, respectively. The mean CCT in Group A was 539.73±23.7 µm while in Group B was 532.16 ±20.8 µm. The strength of the correlation between glaucoma and T2DM varied with blood sugar level (p<0.001).Thus this study could not confirm the association between glaucoma and Type 2 DM.


Based on the National Curricular Parameters, this work evaluated the importance of the transversal theme Health, as well as it investigated high school students' knowledge about hypertension and medicinal plants in the educational context. The analyzed data were obtained using qualitative open-ended questionnaire, through direct contact. It was verified, through the gathered data, that the students show lack of knowledge about the disease, however, great interest in hypertension and therapeutic action of medicinal plants without any full support and methodological guidance by the school and the teachers. We believe that one of the reasons of the lack of approach is the absence of support materials. Addressing health as a transversal theme in the curriculum elevates the school to the role of trainer of protagonists, who are able to participate in decisions related to individual and collective health, and to value it as a right and social responsibility.


Abstract In an attempt to keep pace with new technology in all aspects of today's life, we undertook the study of the recent Second Language Acquisition methodological tendency brought about by the use of computers in the language classroom (or at the student's home). The objective of the work is to develop a questionnaire based on the most outstanding and most generally accepted theories and principles through which one can arrive at the acquisition of the L2 (i.e. input, output, interaction, motivation, error analysis, pedagogical principles, communicative competence). Once we developed the questionnaire, we applied it to CALL programmes through a thorough analysis of their operation. We then will have an objective test of the degree of methodological principles observed in the computer programmes. One conclusion of the research is that this new teaching methodology aide is beginning to attract the attention of the students and educators alike. CALL applications can assume brilliantly the role of the book and improve upon it. We make it clear that, in addition to the linguistic and technological views, the methodological view is one of the components that must be taken into account when making a CALL programme.


The paper explains the circumstance under which the underwater compression resistance hull is used and its functions.The mode of structure composites in the engineering practice is introduced,and the force models of composite in parallel connection and series connection are analyzed and depicted.Finally the article explains the manufacture techniques for underwater compression resistance hull,establishes the finite model,analyzes and discusses the hull rigidity.


Electromagnetic wave propagation through cold collision free plasma is studied using the nonlinear perturbation method. It is found that the equations can be reduced to the modified Kortweg-de Vries equation.


Propriety in the language is very important to be done by any people when communicating. Incommunication, norms of behavior that seem verbal and nonverbal behavior. Verbal behaviorin an imperative function for instance, looks at how speakers express command or prohibitionnecessary to do something to talk, while the nonverbal behavior of the form of expression looks,body gestures, attitudes or behavior that supports the disclosure of one s personality. Issues tobe discussed in this study is how the form of verbal language and form of civility nonverballanguage in social interaction in the Islamic Boarding School An-Najiyah Surabaya and whatfactors are behind the politeness language in social interaction in the Islamic Boarding SchoolAn-Najiyah Surabaya. The study also aims to describe the picture of politeness form of verballanguage and form of nonverbal language politeness in social interaction An Islamic BoardingSchool An- Najiyah Surabaya and whether the factors underlying the politeness language insocial interaction in the Islamic Boarding School An-Najiyah Surabaya.


Aims and Methods To evaluate a new integrated weight management and fitness service for long-stay psychiatric patients who were obese or overweight with physical health risks. Body size and fitness were measured before and after each 10- to 12-week programme. Results The number of patients referred to the programme was 145; 102 were accepted, 95 started a programme and 46 completed it. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. There were significant reductions in weight ( P =0.001), body mass index (BMI, P =0.001) and waist size ( P =0.001), and considerable improvements in hand strength (left hand, P =0.03; right hand, P =0.015), flexibility ( P =0.022), lung function ( P =0.001) and aerobic capacity ( P =0.001). Clinical Implications An integrated programme of weight management and fitness is effective in reducing body weight and waist size, and in improving physical fitness in long-stay psychiatric patients. The long-term effect on patient's health and fitness needs to be monitored and strategies are needed to reduce patient withdrawal.


This paper introduces WILDCAT, a deep learning method which jointly aims at aligning image regions for gaining spatial invariance and learning strongly localized features. Our model is trained using only global image labels and is devoted to three main visual recognition tasks: image classification, weakly supervised object localization and semantic segmentation. WILDCAT extends state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Networks at three main levels: the use of Fully Convolutional Networks for maintaining spatial resolution, the explicit design in the network of local features related to different class modalities, and a new way to pool these features to provide a global image prediction required for weakly supervised training. Extensive experiments show that our model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods.


3-D mechanical design software SolidWorks and its secondary development were introduced.Based on SolidWorks,the entity model of the eccentric gear mechanism was builded,and the motion of eccentric gear mechanism was simulated by COSMOSMotion.The motion curves were gained,and a comparison of the data between simulation and theoretical analysis was made to improve the mechanical design efficiency.


Collisionless shocks are common features in space and astrophysical systems where supersonic plasma flows interact, such as in the solar wind, the heliopause, and supernova remnants. Recent experimental capabilities and diagnostics allow detailed laboratory investigations of high-Mach-number shocks, which therefore can become a valuable way to understand shock dynamics in various astrophysical environments. Using 2D particle-in-cell simulations with a Coulomb binary collision operator, we demonstrate the mechanism for generation of energetic electrons and experimental requirements for detecting this process in the laboratory high-Mach-number collisionless shocks. We show through a parameter study that electron acceleration by magnetized collisionless shocks is feasible in laboratory experiments with laser-driven expanding plasmas.


Water-walking insects such as water striders can skate on the water surface easily with the help of the hierarchical structure on legs. Numerous theoretical and experimental studies show that the hierarchical structure would help water strider in quasi-static case such as load-bearing capacity. However, the advantage of the hierarchical structure in the dynamic stage has not been reported yet. In this paper, the function of super hydrophobicity and the hierarchical structure was investigated by measuring the adhesion force of legs departing from the water surface at different lifting speed by a dynamic force sensor. The results show that the adhesion force decreased with the increase of lifting speed from 0.02 m/s to 0.4 m/s, whose mechanic is investigated by Energy analysis. In addition, it can be found that the needle shape setae on water strider leg can help them depart from water surface easily. Thus, it can serve as a starting point to understand how the hierarchical structure on the legs help water-...


The purpose of this study was to determine how effective financial programs inclusive as a program that seeks the introduction of financial services banking to MSMEs in Surabaya, analyzing developments perceived SME users financial services banking or not, find out the reason and perception SME service users or not the banking financial services. This research is a qualitative research with phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques or information is by way of interviews, and observation. Limitations in this study are some of the SMEs in Surabaya good conduct in banking and finance is not, as well as SMEs in all sectors. The conclusions of this study, that some programs that are inclusive finance in Boost by the government have applied but have not been effective. Evident of some SMEs that have not been funded by a loan and stating that the lack of approach between the banks and SMEs. Development of a business is not determined where the capital gain, rather than good management, as well as some things that make small businesses are reluctant to make loans in bank capital is the perception complicated and difficult when using a loan from a bank (the lack of education on financial services).

Key Words: Inclusive Finance Program, Development Of SMEs.


An affine sl(n+1) algebraic construction of the basic constrained KP hierarchy is presented. This hierarchy is analyzed using two approaches, namely linear matrix eigenvalue problem on hermitian symmetric space and constrained KP Lax formulation and it is shown that these approaches are equivalent. The model is recognized to be the generalized non‐linear Schrodinger (GNLS ) hierarchy and it is used as a building block for a new class of constrained KP hierarchies. These constrained KP hierarchies are connected via similarity‐Backlund transformations and interpolate between GNLS and multi‐boson KP‐Toda hierarchies. Our construction uncovers the origin of the Toda lattice structure behind the latter hierarchy.


Getting foodstuff is an essential prerequisite for the human race to survive and develop while foodstuff comes mainly from agricultural natural resources. The deficit of grain in Fujian province is increasing year by year and other non-staple foodstuffs also give the signal of shortage in varying degrees. The lack of foodstuff suggests the lack of agricultural natural resources, which becomes increasingly serious along with the increase in population. In different parts of the province, the conditions of agricultural natural resources, as well as of foodstuff production, are quite varied. According to the internal relations between agricultural natural resources and foodstuff production, this paper sets up a mathematical model of the area division and the dual analysis on the agricultural natural resources and foodstuff production in the province by using certain mathematical methods and means of computer. The output of the model shows that there are seven kinds of complex types of agricultural natural resources and foodstuff production in the province. The different complex types reveal the objective variance on the disposition of both agricultural natural resources and foodstuff production in different regions. The results will be helpful to understanding the utilization rate of agricultural natural resources, as well as the potential productivity and the developing direction of foodstuff production in various areas. Finally, the paper analyses the general measures to the foodstuff production developing in the whole province according to the state of complex classification and especially analyses the limited resources of reserved land and the potential productivity of foodstuff production from the agricultural sustainable developing strategy point of view. Transferring agricultural labor force is extremely urgent. It's also very important strategically to develop export-oriented economy by making fuller use of ocean resources and taking advantage of its superior harbors and special location.


Rapid increase in concrete demand for infrastructural construction has been associated with depletion of natural resources, leading the urgent need to utilize manufactured materials substituting natural materials in concrete productions. This study proposes applying cold-bonded low calcium Class F fly ash (FFA) based artificial lightweight aggregate (ALWA) to partially replace natural fine aggregate in an ecological unfired brick with a low energy super-sulfated cement (SSC). To estimate the influence of ALWA on the brick properties, natural fine aggregate (FA) in the reference brick was substituted with ALWA at four different amounts of 25, 50, 75 and 100% by volume. Various properties including unit weight, flowability, dried density, compressive strength, water absorption, and drying shrinkage were investigated. Experimental results showed that ALWA addition as partial replacement of FA at all ratios resulted in the modified bricks with significantly increase in flowability and decreases in both unit weight and dried density. With neglecting minor reduction on compressive strength, the 75% ALWA substituting FA by volume was considered as the optimum value to manufacture the modified unfired bricks with remarkable enhanced performance.


Ayola La Lisa is a a 3.5 star hotel which is located at Nginden street no 82. This hotel has 121 rooms, 4 meeting rooms, a pool, a restaurant, a coffee shop, and etc. Moreover, this hotel has more spacious rooms than its rivals and one meeting room that can accommodate up to 200 people. The main problem that La Lisa currenly facing is the potential customers did not give positive feedback while the sales team offered the products. Most importantly, this promotional tool failed to project La Lisa uniqueness. Because of this problem, La lisa could not get the attention from as potential customers mostly from all over Surabaya such as government officers. Therefore, the solution of the problem is to make a promotional video. With this video, the potential customers will be more interested when they see motion pictures highlighting the unique selling points, rarther than just a brochure. The unique selling points that will be highlighthed is to focus on the private meeting room and its other supporting facilities such as the lunch, the rooms, and the ambience. By having this video, the sales and marketing team will be easier to promote the hotel more effectively to its potential customers. Keywords: promotion, branding, unique selling point (USP), promotional video


Globally, there is a clinical problem caused by rising antibiotic resistance. The latest advances in biosynthesis have intrigued scientists and researchers as they investigate its potential against dangerous bacteria. The current emphasis is on myconanosynthesis, copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO NPs) characterization, and antibacterial efficacy. The extracellular biosynthetic approach we employed to create the CuO NPs was friendly to the environment. From agricultural soil samples, Talaromyces versatilis was isolated. They were comparing its 18s rDNA sequencing allowed for identification. Culture filtrate extracts of fungi were used as the reducing agents to synthesis the nanoparticles. XRD and DLS analysis were used to determine copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) size and material characteristics. When tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria from that Salmonella paratyphi, Serratia sp., and Enterococcus fecalis myconanosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) demonstrated a maximal zone of inhibition. Additionally, molecular in vivo research will aid in the creation of a novel wide-spectrum antibacterial drug.


Abstract:Amid ongoing political instability, sarimbavy—same-sex-desiring and/or gender-expansive male-bodied persons—are increasingly rendered opportune subjects ripe for intervention across Madagascar by HIV prevention industries, homonationalist LGBT rights projects backed by the United States Embassy, and many Christian institutions. This article diverges from these biomedical and moral panics by attending to the shifting temporal allegiances of sarimbavy spirit medium-activists. Interlocutors' roles as mediums to spirits of former reigning monarchs (tromba) necessitated an onerous dedication to Malagasy history (tantara) and tradition (fombandrazana); simultaneously, many sarimbavy mediums were also men who have sex with men (MSM) activists, and thus deeply committed to moving beyond what they saw as the stigma-ridden past and present. These activist engagements and the sarimbavy counterpublics that they produced were uncannily facilitated by mediumship social networks. Through these practices of monarchic veneration, sarimbavy medium-activists implicitly challenged Western expectations that queer social movements must emerge through the subversion of social norms and secular, liberal, democratic reform. In surrendering to the seemingly antidemocratic weight of divine queen-kingship, sarimbavy mediums became "possessed" by political organizations irreducible to the modern nation-state and its colonial genealogies and, furthermore, produced human-spirit relationalities that thwarted Western juridico-legal visions of a bounded, rights-bearing subject.


Abstract A criterion is presented for establishing the) stability of a multi variable system from the stability of the system consisting of its diagonal elements. Also it is proved that the criterion of diagonal dominance, given by Rosenbrock, and the criterion based on the M-matrices, given by Araki and Nwokah, are special cases of this new criterion.


Background: Lead poisoning was on the rise in recent years. There exists a lack of easy access to some of the main chelator drugs in developing countries. Thus, this study aimed to explore the comparative effects of Succimer and D-Penicillamine on acute lead poisoning patients from 2013 to 2018. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the Clinical Toxicology Department of Khorshid Hospital in Isfahan City, Iran. Adult patients with acute lead poisoning were included in the study. Patients in the 3 treatment groups of D-Penicillamine, D-Penicillamine with succimer, and succimer were compared concerning demographic characteristics as well as clinical and laboratory findings at admission time and two weeks later. Results: In total, 163 patients were evaluated in this research. There was no significant difference between the treatment groups respecting improvement in clinical symptoms. The mean blood lead levels during hospitalization and two weeks after the treatment did not significantly differ between the three groups; however, there was a significant reduction in all study groups after two weeks of treatment (P<0.05). The mean white blood cell count was significantly lower only in the D-Penicillamine group two weeks after hospitalization (P<0.05). In the D-Penicillamine group, the mean platelet, hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels were significantly lower two weeks after hospitalization, although within the healthy range. Conclusion: D-Penicillamine may be an acceptable chelator drug for treating patients with acute lead poisoning, especially in communities without access to drugs, like succimer.


Significance
 Cabinet changes threaten to undermine President Pedro Castillo's support in Congress, while Congress seeks to limit the president's power to dissolve the legislature. Castillo is seeking to steer his government in a more centrist direction, alienating some supporters on the left. Parties on the right remain determined to increase their powers vis-a-vis the presidency.

 Impacts
 Failure of the executive and legislature to find common ground will further jeopardise political stability.
 Business concerns over the government's agenda will be mollified by rapid GDP growth.
 A rewrite of the constitution may fall off the policy agenda for the time being.


The paper describes that the production of the green building is adaptive to the requirement of the sustainable development and the environmental protection,and it has the important significance to improve the quality of the inhabited environment and improve the people's living standard.According to the development background of the green building,the paper discusses the correct design viewpoint and points out the key points of the design.


We demonstrate the influence of etching precision on the oscillatory behaviour of resonant wavelengths and modal gain of the fundamental and first order transverse mode of photonic-crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (PhC-VCSEL).


The effect and use of locally varied encapsulation thickness has been demonstrated in cw Ar laser‐ induced lateral epitaxial growth of silicon (Si) layers over silicon dioxide (SiO2) islands. The reflectivity of the laser light has been separately controlled in each region of the Si seed or the SiO2 island by changing the thicknesses of SiO2 and/or silicon nitride (Si3N4) caps. The technique essentially eliminates the surface ripples and thermal detachment of the laser‐recrystallized Si layer, producing single crystalline layers over SiO2 islands as large as 15×80 μm and 20×40 μm.


Tyramine has been considered a biological hazard for foods and beverages. In this study, an ultra‐high pressure liquid chromatography (UPLC) with benzylamine as an internal standard in dansyl chloride pre‐column derivatisation was developed to determine tyramine in various foods. Different from other tyramine determination methods usually without an internal standard in the pre‐column derivatisation, benzylamine which chemical structure is similar to tyramine was selected as an internal standard. The limits of detection and quantification of this method were 0.05 and 0.25 mg L⁻¹, respectively, while the relative standard deviations of repeatability and reproducibility were 2.1% and 3.1%, respectively. The sensitivity and reliability of this method were also evaluated by determining tyramine in common liquid, pasty and solid foods. The recoveries of tyramine in these foods were between 87.3% and 96.8% by using this method. Overall, it is a fast, inexpensive, reliable and sensitive method to measure tyramine in different food products.


The electrostatic self-focusing mechanism for electron streams is shown to be a stronger focusing process than previously realized in that most of the potential drop that obtains between the stream axis and the surrounding tube wall occurs in a rapid potential variation in and near the stream itself. Streams are self-focusing when the particles have transverse energy spreads less than a well defined value that depends on the stream particle energy and the choice of ambient gas. The stream diameter is inversely proportional to the current for low values of stream perveance, but is independent of the current for high values of this parameter. The average random energy of the ambient electrons is high in the stream vicinity as compared with values near the tube wall.


Studies indicate the fact that depressed people hav e got emotional disorders; since the intensive shor t term dynamic psychotherapy is emphasized on the adjustment of th ese emotions, hence, the present study has been car ried out the efficacy of intensive short term dynamic psychother apy in decrease of depression level. The related st udy is of experimental type. The pre test and post test has c onsisted of control group with two groups of subjec ts (depressed people); the community of the related study include the whole people (male and female) ranging from 19 -40 year old with depression who referred to a clinic in Teh ran Mega-city; these people were selected as random ly after separation using Beck questionnaire and unstructure d diagnostic interview based on DSMIV; from 32 peop le with depression were moderate to high level (cut of over 21) who 16 of these people were taken up in the st udy and other 16 ones were in the waiting list; these people were similar together in terms of sex, age, marital sta tus, job and education; then, the intensive short term dynamic p sychotherapy was carried out on these people. While , in control group, no any intervention was happened. The analys is of data was achieved by independent T test in bo th groups to evaluate the similarity of the groups and single va riance analysis (ANCOVA) was also applied for asses sing the depression. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant difference between the group s in terms of depression decrease level so that in experimental g roup the significance level of depression was p<0.0 5 after intervention. The findings of the present research have considerable descriptions in relation to the rof this therapeutic method in decrease of depression level.


Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory pathologies of the gut, characterized by a relapsing-remitting course. Although IBD pathogenesis is not fully understood, epidemiological and experimental data suggest that multiple environmental factors can, in genetically predisposed individuals, trigger an excessive immune response directed against the antigens of the normal intestinal microflora, which eventually leads to the tissue damage. Defects in the physiological mechanisms/factors of counter-regulation contribute to amplify and sustain such a detrimental response. For instance, in inflamed tissue of IBD patients there is diminished activity of the immunesuppressive cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, due to elevated levels of Smad7, an intracellular inhibitor of TGF-β1 signaling. Consistently, knockdown of Smad7 with a specific antisense oligonucleotide suppresses inflammatory signals in cultured intestinal cells of IBD patients and in the gut of mice with IBD-like experimental colitis. Moreover, treatment of patients with active Crohn's disease, one of the two major IBD in human beings, with Mongersen, an oral compound containing Smad7 antisense oligonucleotide, is accompanied by induction of clinical remission. Altogether these data indicate that targeting Smad7 represents a promising approach to modulate the ongoing mucosal inflammation in IBD.


Marine pearls are precious gems which are the most attractive objects of human adoration. The natural pearl (Orient/Basera) production is very limited and their harvest affects the pearl oyster population in course of time.


. Let { X n , n ≥ 1 } be a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with absolutely continuous cumulative distribution function(cdf) F ( x ) and the corresponding probability density function(pdf) f ( x ). In this paper, we give characterizations of Pareto and Weibull distribution by considering conditional expectations of record values.


Photograph of Earley Collins, an organizer of the N. W. Harllee Pioneers Association, seated back in a chair and smiling for his portrait to be taken.


The engineering-specified requirements for integrated information processing by means of the Integrated Programs for Aerospace-Vehicle Design (IPAD) system are presented. A data model is described and is based on the design process of a typical aerospace vehicle. General data management requirements are specified for data storage, retrieval, generation, communication, and maintenance. Information management requirements are specified for a two-component data model. In the general portion, data sets are managed as entities, and in the specific portion, data elements and the relationships between elements are managed by the system, allowing user access to individual elements for the purpose of query. Computer program management requirements are specified for support of a computer program library, control of computer programs, and installation of computer programs into IPAD.


Carbon dioxide data from three urban sites in New Jersey covering periods of up to 9 years have been analyzed by a variety of statistical techniques. Hourly average concentration maxima as high as 585 ppm are seen, as are minima as low as 285 ppm. The diurnal patterns appear to be influenced strongly by local mixing and turbulence conditions and seldom show the 'rush hour' peaks often found in urban carbon monoxide data. Seasonal analysis demonstrates that maxima in monthly medians of daily mean CO/sub 2/ concentration occur in winter and that minima occur in summer. Such a pattern suggests a strong contribution from statinary combustion sources to urban CO/sub 2/ levels, at least in the winter months. The winter-summer difference in the monthly median of daily mean CO/sub 2/ is of the order of 30 ppm, a much larger difference than is found in the rural setting. The long-term trend of the baseline CO/sub 2/ concentration in these urban data is not monotonic but shows a time-integrated increase of approx.0.6 ppm/yr. consistent with the range and pattern of concentration gradients observed at global background sites.


The latest Critical Bibliography to appear was the seventy-first which was published in Isis, 39, 70-I39, I948, but bibliography no. 59 which was to be included in no. 86 of Isis (vol. 32, 2) has not yet appeared because the German invasion of Belgium stopped the publication of vol. 32 (part i of that volume, no. 85, has appeared in I947; part 2, no. 86, will appear in 1948). This seventy-second bibliography contains about 575 items. They have been kindly contributed by the eight following scholars: C. W. Adams (London) I. B. Cohen (Cambridge, Mass.) M. Graubard (Minneapolis) M. F. A. Montagu (Philadelphia) 0. Neugebauer (Providence, R. I.) J. Pelseneer (Brussels) G. Sarton (Cambridge, Mass.) C. Zirkle (Philadelphia)