In a synodic-pulsating dimensionless coordinate, with a luminous primary and an oblate secondary, we examine the effects of radiation pressure, oblateness (quadruple and octupolar i.e. 2 4 J and J ) and eccentricity of the orbits of the primaries on the triangular points 4,5 L in the ER3BP. 2 4 J and J have been shown to disturb the motion of an infinitesimal body and 4 J particularly has significant effects on a satellite's secular perturbation and orbital precessions. The influence of these parameters on the triangular points of Zeta Cygni, 54 Piscium and Procyon A/B are highlighted in this study. Triangular points are stable in the range 0 C μ μ < < and their stability is affected by said parameters.


OBJECTIVES: ICU delirium is a predictor of greater morbidity and higher mortality in the pediatric population. The diagnostic obstacles and validity of delirium monitoring among neonates and young infants have yet to be fully delineated. We sought to validate the Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU in neonates and young infants and determine delirium prevalence in this young population. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study to validate the Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU for the assessment of ICU delirium in neonates and young infants compared with the reference standard, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. SETTING: Tertiary medical center PICU, including medical, surgical, and cardiac patients. PARTICIPANTS: Infants less than 6 months old admitted to the PICU regardless of admission diagnosis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We enrolled 49 patients with a median age of 1.8 months (interquartile range, 0.7–4.1 mo), 82% requiring mechanical ventilation. Enrolled patients were assessed for delirium in blinded-fashion by the research team using the Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU and independently assessed by the psychiatry reference rater using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 criteria. A total of 189 paired assessments were completed, and the Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU performed with a sensitivity of 95% (95% CI, 89–100%), specificity of 81% (68–90%), "negative and positive predictive values" of 97% (94–100%) and 69% (55–79%), respectively, compared with the reference rater. Delirium prevalence was 47%, with higher rates of 61% observed among neonates (< 1 mo old) and 39% among infants 1–6 months old. CONCLUSIONS: The Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU is a valid screening tool for delirium monitoring in infants less than 6 months old. Delirium screening was feasible in this population despite evolving neurocognition and arousal architecture. ICU delirium was prevalent among infants. The consequence of acute brain dysfunction during crucial neurocognitive development remains unclear. Future studies are necessary to determine the long-term impact of ICU delirium and strategies to reduce associated harm in critically ill infants.


Abstract Review of theoretical and experimental results concerned to formation of space-modulated orientational structures in liquid crystals is given. Properties of ideal liquid crystal dielectrics are considered. Origion conditions and properties of flexoelectric and flexoelectromagnetic structures in nematics, dielectric instabilities in cholesterics and smectics, ferroelectric structures in chiral smectics are discussed. It is well known that an electric field induces a modulation of the orientational structure of liquid crystals. There are two types of such modulated structures (MS) having different physical natures. The dissipative one is connected with the transport of electric charges and mass of the substance. The thermodynamic MS are not accompanied by the irreversible transport processes. Such MS can exist in ideal liquid crystal dielectrics. In fact there are always some ion impurities and as a result two types of MS are possible in liquid crystals. However it is possible to change the thresho...


Anthrax is an infectious zoonotic disease. It is transmitted to humans via infected animals and infected animal products. It was estimated that worldwide between 20,000 and 100,000 cases occurred annually. Anthrax can be seen in Africa, Central America, Albania, Central Asia, the Middle East, Spain, Greece, Romania, and Turkey. Anthrax is rare in the United States and Canada. The prevalence is decreasing a west the world, although it is still endemic in Turkey. Anthrax is still an important health problem in Turkey. Since 1960 till 1969, the number of human anthrax reported is 10724. From 1980 to 1989, 4423 cases of anthrax have been encountered. According to the report of the Ministry of Health, 262 cases were reported in 2007, 126 in 2008 and 132 in 2009 in Turkey. The etiological agent of the disease is Bacillus anthracis. This is a gram-positive bacillus, non-motile, encapsulate, that may be found in either aerobe or facultative anaerobe form. The incubation period was between 1 and 17 days usually 2-7 days. It is significant biological warfare agent. Anthrax has three different clinical forms: cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary. At present, cutaneous anthrax cases account for 95 percent of human cases of anthrax. Inhalation anthrax is the most serious form. It has a high case fatality rate. Natural cases of inhalational anthrax are Acta Medica Mediterranea, 2015, 31: 1299


Digital filters for the offline multichannel processing of the signals recorded by an array of sensors are derived with the objective of extracting a desired signal arriving from a known direction. Both the desired signal and coherent interference have arbitrary waveforms. Since the direction of arrival of the interference is unknown, the array response to it is treated as a random variable, and the expected value of its squared magnitude is taken as a minimization criterion in order to attenuate the coherent interference. The output power spectrum in response to the additive random sensor noise is taken as a second criterion. A convex combination of both criteria is minimized subject to an all-pass condition for the desired signal. Simulation results are presented showing the tradeoff between attenuating interference and random noise, the effect of the angular separation between the directions of arrival of the desired signal and interference and the effect of the number of sensors of the array on the output of the array filter. >


Mcquay H, Carroll D, Jadd A R, Wiffen P, Moore A. Anticonvulsant drugs for the management of pain: A systematic review. BMJ 1995; Oct 21; 311: 1047–1052


answer the question that one normally brings to the table as a reviewer, that being 'how does this contribute to the literature' (Parsons, 2007, p. 683). In particular, a dictionary that focuses upon so broad a field presents even more of a challenge. The one immediate weakness evident in the volume in question is that it contains no bibliographical information at all after any of its entries. Presumably the work is primarily aimed at undergraduates; but if this is the case then surely it would have been of great benefit to said students to provide some pointers with regard to further reading. Certainly this is a factor that made John Heilbronn's Oxford Companion to the Philosophy of Science (2003) such a masterly work of its kind. A similar bibliography here would certainly have made the book in question a work of the top-rank. There will always be omissions in a project like this; for my own part I was surprised to see that Franz von Papan received an entry, but Kurt von Schleicher did not. Similarly, Stanley Baldwin doesn't make the cut despite the fact he held the British Premiership on three separate occasions. The Hoare-Laval pact is mentioned, but no entry for Sam Hoare. The authors might perhaps argue that lesser British politicians must make way for more prominent European figures; but even so. The work should perhaps also be retitled 'The Wiley-Blackwell Dictionary of Modern European Political and Diplomatic History since 1789', as science gets no look in whatsoever—not even a token entry on Einstein. Similarly, entries on women are fairly thin on the ground—although the authors might argue that this can be attributed to the fact that women were largely excluded from the political process until fairly recently. Even so, to paraphrase an old A. J. P. Taylor quote, judging from the book in question the history of women in Europe can be written in terms of just four individuals—Marie Antoinette, Mary Wollstonecraft, Rosa Luxemburg and Margaret Thatcher. All in all, a solid work for undergraduates studying political and diplomatic history; but nothing here that would be beneficial to the advanced scholar.


The expression and purification procedure [Richards, K.M. and Marnett, L.J. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 6692–6699] for leukocyte 12‐lipoxygenase was updated for the production of the large quantities of protein necessary for the characterization of its physical properties. A two‐step FPLC ion exchange chromatography procedure was adequate for purification as evaluated by SDS PAGE, specific activity measurement, isoelectric focusing, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The solution properties of the enzyme were examined by variable temperature circular dichroism spectroscopy, differential scanning microcalorimetry, and dynamic light scattering measurements. The redox characteristics of the active site iron atom were determined by EPR spectroscopy following treatment with a variety of fatty acid hydroperoxides. Leukocyte 12‐lipoxygenase was found to be more similar to reticulocyte 15‐lipoxygenase than to soybean lipoxygenase‐1 or human 5‐lipoxygenase.


Abstract : Aluminum alloy is a raw material in industry. Aluminum alloy used is aluminum alloy aluminum alloy 319. Materials were investigated to obtain aluminum alloys that have strong mechanical properties of the difference in the rate of clotting. Research 319 aluminum alloy was investigated by conducting the smelting process in the crank case and printed materials by using metal molds, then do differences in rates of freezing process with an open-air media, media dry sand and wet sand media as a medium deceleration. The next step is testing using tensile testing, testing, hardness with Brinell method, and metallography. From the results, with the help of wet sand media has a hardness of 68 BHN and the UTS 241.89 MPa, for open air medium hardness of 62 BHN and the UTS 224.03 MPa and dry sand media assistance hardness of 54 BHN and the UTS 190.9 MPa.


We have investigated the participation of endogenous ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) nucleotide-binding site opener (ARNO) in desensitization of the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin (LH/CG) receptor, independent of receptor internalization, using a cell-free plasma membrane model. We recently showed that the addition of recombinant ARNO promotes binding of β-arrestin1 to the third intracellular (3i) loop of the active LH/CG receptor, thereby reducing the ability of the receptor to activate the stimulatory G protein and signal to adenylyl cyclase. In the present report we determined whether ARNO is detectable in follicular membranes and whether the catalytically inactive E156K ARNO mutant, containing a mutation in the Sec7 domain, can act in a dominant negative manner to block LH/CG receptor desensitization. Results show that ARNO is readily detected in follicular membranes and that levels of membrane-associated ARNO increase with follicular maturation. The addition of catalytically inactive E156K ARNO blocks both the release of β-arrestin1 from its membrane docking site, based on Western blot analysis, and development of LH/CG receptor desensitization. We also investigated whether a point mutation in the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of ARNO (R280D), which blocks binding of phosphoinositides like phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) but not catalytic activity, disrupts LH/CG receptor desensitization. R280D ARNO neither promotes nor inhibits LH/CG receptor desensitization, consistent with a requirement of the PH domain of ARNO for its association with the plasma membrane. LH/CG receptor activation of ARNO is not mediated by activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) or by G protein βγ subunits. Taken together, these results suggest that LH/CG receptor promotes β-arrestin1 release from its membrane docking site to bind to the 3i loop of the LH/CG receptor via activation of membrane delimited endogenous ARNO. As ARNO activation is independent of PI 3-kinase and Gβγ, our results are consistent with a role for PIP2 in receptor-stimulated ARNO activation.


This paper reviews the construct and measurement of familial influence on Thai students' choices of international education. It explains the development of the Familial Influence Scale (FIS) to measure five aspects of familial influence (finance, information, expectation, competition, and persuasion) on five choices of international education. The scale was tested for content and construct validity, and reliability (internal consistency). The three factors, 'family communication', 'family interaction', and 'family fiscal influence', were supported by varimax factor analysis and had reliabilities from 0.79-0.95. Use of the combined scales, as a general 'familial influence scale', was supported by principal components analysis; reliability for the combined scale was 0.92. Finally, the internal consistency of the scale was calculated by employing a testretest method to identify the reliability. The results indicate that FIS yields high internal consistency. Therefore, this scale is appropriate for the measurement of the influence of family on Thai student's choices of international education.


Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a malodorous and toxic gas. Nevertheless, recent evidence suggests that H2S is an endogenous mediator, joining nitric oxide and carbon monoxide as a third gaseous transmitter, and is increasingly being recognised as a key regulator of several cell processes and organ functions under both normal and pathological conditions.

H2S can be generated in mammalian tissues by a number of different processes. It can be enzymatically synthesised from cysteine by cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase in combination with cysteine aminotransferase. There are also inorganic sources of H2S such as the non-enzymatic haem-dependent reduction of sulfur. Also from a gut perspective, H2S can be generated by the colonic microbiota before diffusing from the lumen into the intestinal mucosa to reach subepithelial targets within the gut wall. However, counteracting the build up of endogenous H2S and potential toxic actions are protective mechanisms that degrade H2S, and this is especially true of the intestinal epithelium which is extremely efficient at reducing H2S to thiosulfate.1

Since the first description of a physiological function for H2S in enhancing N -methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated responses and facilitating the induction of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus,2 a host of effects have been reported in almost every cell or organ system studied to date.3–5 Inhibitors of CSE and CBS have been used to demonstrate a role for endogenous H2S, and its role as a physiological regulator of blood pressure is apparent in the CSE knockout mouse which develops hypertension.6 In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract H2S-synthesising enzymes have been shown to be expressed in the enteric nervous system,7 and H2S …


An analog computer program to find and display the Fourier transform of some real, even functions is described. The program has been used as the basis for an undergraduate project and as a lecture demonstration in a wave physics course. The program was run on an EAI TR-20 instructional analog computer and the resulting oscilloscope traces are shown for the Fourier transforms of a rectangular pulse, a Gaussian, a cosine wave, and a delayed narrow pulse.


The patient was a girl aged 12 years, when she was brought before the Section in 1930 by Dr. Parkes Weber and Dr. M. Scholtz (Proceedings of the Section, 1930, xxiii, p. 69). Afterwards she suffered from intermittent attacks of epigastric pain and sometimes vomiting. Ultimately the jaundice became very deep and persistent, with complete absence of urobilin and urobilinogen from the urine, showing that no bile was entering the duodenum. The abdomen became enormously distended, apparently by the liver, and yet this could not have been due to were cirrhosis of any kind. There was likewise variable slight ascites for a time. She died on January 14, 1934, and the necropsy showed a relatively fine hobnailed cirrhosis of the liver and enormous so-called cystic dilatation of the common bile-duct. The immediate cause of death was evidently hwmorrhage into the peritoneal cavity and into the dilated duct from a slit-like perforation in the duct-wall.' The terminal portion of the common bile-duct was neither dilated nor stenosed, but had evidently been occluded by external pressure from the great (cyst-like) dilated portion of the duct. The case will be published elsewhere in full. A somewhat analogous case of a girl, aged 6 years, with hepatic cirrhosis as well as cystic (congenital) dilatation of the common bile-duct, was described by Dr. W. G. Wyllie in 1925 (Lancet, 1925 (i), p. 1342), but there are other cases in the literature of the subject, which are analogous in this respect.


Households in Renaissance Italy varied greatly in size and composition. This chapter introduces the idea of home as a social unit and considers this in relation to its physical characteristics, size, and the layout of rooms. Private chapels were rare except in elite families, but in every home, however modest, it was possible to designate a special corner or small table (altarino) for family prayers. The life of the Holy Family, as narrated in popular texts, provided a model for the pious home. The camera or bedroom, which was also a living room, seems to have been the usual site of domestic worship, and household inventories of the period suggest that devotional objects were often located around the bed. Practices varied between town and country.


The design of the automatic train control (ATC) radio system for the Bombardier* CITYFLO* 650 (formerly called Flexiblok) has evolved into a system employing a fiber-optic based RF signal distribution system. In a communication-based train control system, the RF signal distribution system must achieve near-continuous signal coverage for the transit system's route and at the same time afford high availability through redundant design. This paper begins with the background for the first-generation system using distributed line amplifiers, as were employed at San Francisco International Airport, Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, and SEPTA's Subway-Surface Line in Philadelphia. The second-generation design uses a fiber optic-based approach that converts the base radio signal directly to an optical signal at the train control equipment room and recreates the RF signal up to 20 kilometers away. It is used for both radiating cable and line-of-sight antenna solutions. The advantages of this latest generation design are discussed, as well as how the approach is tailored for train control applications. The direction of RF technology in communication-based train control for the future is also addressed.


Renewable energy technologies are promoted nationally and internationally in order to reduce emissions, to improve security of supply and to achieve more sustainable electricity supply. As most renewable technologies for producing electricity are more costly than conventional technologies the present ambitious deployment goals will not be reached without strong public support. Therefore, it is desirable to find a combination of policy instruments that are both effective and efficient, i.e. the new renewable technology should relatively quickly become reliable, decrease its costs of generation and consume as little public support money as possible. Wind power and combined heat and power (CHP) using biomass (for combustion, gasification or fermentation) are two of the most promising renewable technologies for generation of electricity. Denmark has a long and well-established tradition for these technologies that now account for approx. 25% of its annual electricity production. In this paper, we present and discuss the Danish experience as a case of promoting renewable energy technologies. The development path of the two technologies has been very different. Wind power is considered an outright success with fast deployment to decreasing costs and the Danish producers now dominating the global market in a fast expanding industry. Contrary to that the development and implementation of biomass CHP has encountered a number of difficulties. The different experience of the two technologies is discussed from the perspective of innovation theory. To this purpose we have developed an analytical scheme that fits very well the case of wind power, whereas the development of biomass appears to have followed a different path. Our analytical scheme can be utilized for policy recommendations. Even though support systems must be adapted to each technology and its particular context, it is possible to formulate some general principles that can help to create an effective and efficient policy for promoting new renewable energy technologies. CV Ole Jess Olsen: Present position: Professor in Public Planning, Department of Environment, Technology and Social Studies, Roskilde University (1995-), Member of Energy Appeal Tribunal (2000-), Member of scientific committee for Energy System Studies, Sweden. Education: Dr.Scient.Adm. in Public Administration, Roskilde University (1993). Scientific activities: Author of books and refereed international journal papers within the field of energy economics and public utility regulation. CV Klaus Skytte: Present position: Ph.D., Senior Scientist, Department of Systems Analysis, Risø National Laboratory (1996-). Areas of work: Economic and mathematical modelling, operations research, model development, electricity markets, renewable energy, microeconomics. Scientific activities: Author of books and refereed international journal papers within the field of energy economics and regulation.


Nonmyeloablative (NM) regimens extended the application of allogeneic transplantation (AT) to older and/or medically unfit patients ineligible for high-dose conditionings. Moreover, several patients are offered AT after failure of prior lines of therapy. We retrospectively evaluated 108 patients, median age 51 (16–67), with advanced or heavily pre-treated hematological cancers [19 acute myeloblastic (AML) and 1 lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); 8 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS); 9 chronic myeloid (CML) and 9 chronic lymphocitic leukemia; 3 myelofibrosis (MF); 48 myeloma beyond first line treatment; 8 Hodgkin's and 8 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) who underwent NM-AT at 12 Italian transplant Centres. Median time between diagnosis and transplant was 20 months. Sixty-one% of patients had failed at least one prior line of therapy, including 36 refractory or relapsed patients after 1 or more autologous transplants. At allografting, 15 patients had disease at lower risk of relapse (AML and ALL in first complete remission (CR), MDS without blast excess, CML in first chronic phase, untreated MF). Forty-two patients had active disease. The comorbidity score was evaluated with an AT-specific comorbidity index (CI) as described by Sorror et al: 51 patients had CI=0, 42 CI=1–2 and 15 CI≥3. Patients were conditioned with fludarabine 90 mg/m 2 and 2 Gy total body irradiation. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine and mycophenolate mophetile. Graft failure was observed in 1 patient and rejection after disease recurrence in 4. After a median follow-up of 28 months post-allografting, 58 (54%) had refractory/progressive disease and 36 (33%) were in CR, including 23 who were not in CR at transplant (p


Under the imitated physiological condition,the interaction of Methylthymol blue-Cu(Ⅱ) complex with Bovine serum albumin(BSA) was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and ultra-violet spectrum.The combination reaction of MTB-Cu(Ⅱ) and BSA is a static quenching process.According to Stern-Volmer equation and double-reciprocal equation,the formation constants of them(295K:3.449×105L·mol -1 ;310K:2.792×105L·mol -1 ) and the thermochemical parameters(ΔH=-10.71kJ·mol -1 ;ΔS=69.69J·K -1 /69.71J·K -1 ;ΔG=-31.27kJ·mol -1 /-32.32kJ·mol -1 ) was obtained.The main binding force between MTB-Cu(Ⅱ) and BSA is electrostatic force,binding MTB-Cu(Ⅱ) to BSA is a spontaneous supermolecular interaction in which entropy increase and Gibbs free energy decrease.The binding distance(r=2.25nm) between MTB-Cu(Ⅱ) complex and BSA was obtained by Foerster's theory,and the interaction interpret by energy transfer mechanism.


ABSTRACT Previous climate-crime studies are primarily grounded on conventional statistical methods, leaving the possible non-linear nature of the climate-crime association insufficiently explored. In the present study, we employed both multiple linear regression and wavelet analyses and compared their results to detect and verify the possible non-linear effect of temperature and precipitation change on crimes in an urban setting. Nine types of crimes in Hampton Roads, Virginia, USA during 1973–2009 were analyzed. Results show that temperature was the significant determinant of crimes in both of the analyses. Wavelet coherency analysis demonstrates that temperature and crimes exhibited common modes of oscillation in ∼1-year periodicity, which may be attributable to the seasonality of crimes. We further found that the seasonality of crimes was determined by the seasonal change of temperature rather than that of precipitation. In parallel, precipitation and crimes exhibited common modes of oscillation in ∼11-year periodicity, revealing their association at the decadal scale. Our results indicate that temperature and precipitation determine crime rates at different time scales. Nonetheless, when the crests of the temperature-crime and the precipitation-crime cycles overlap, crime rates may be reinforced to their greatest extent. The above findings may help inform and prepare necessary security arrangements in advance. Further research could be conducted to see whether the above findings could be applied to the metropolitan regions with the similar geographic settings of Hampton Roads, such as the Jing-Jin-Ji (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) region in northern China.


Abstract : The purpose of this report is to estimate the best case resolution capability of a synthetic aperture radar system when the data is reduced in a coherent optical processor. The cross track or range resolution is provided by standard pulse echo timing. The along track or azimuth resolution is provided by the synthetic aperture created in that dimension. It is shown that the processor may introduce a coupling of azimuth and range information. Through judicious choice of system parameters this coupling may be minimized and azimuth resolution improved. Of particular interest is the result that, when present, this coupling may be reduced by reducing the angular beamwidth of the transmitting/receiving aperture. This shortens the synthetic aperture and thus violates one's intuitive feeling that resolution should always be improved with increased aperture size. (Author)


The invention discloses a multiple overlooked herded pig target extraction method capable of self-adaptive multi-threshold segmentation of blocks, which effectively solves the problem existing in the extraction of foreground overlooked herded pig targets under a complex scene only by utilizing single-frame images. Firstly, histogram equalization is utilized to intensify a single-frame image, global maximum entropy threshold segmentation is then carried out, and an initial target extraction result is obtained through the selection of an effective area of a segmentation result, mathematical morphology processing and the like; secondly, the barycenter of each target is searched in the initial target, and the original image is self-adaptively divided into a plurality of round sub-blocks with the barycenter as an origin and the longest distance between the barycenter and the edge as a radius; finally, multi-threshold local maximum entropy threshold segmentation is carried out in the sub-blocks to obtain an accurate secondary target extraction result. The method is applicable to multi-target extraction under complex scenes such as gradual change of light, stop-and-go movement pattern of pigs and diversified target colors. The method lays a foundation for the exploration of individual herded pig identification, behavior analysis and the like, and also provides a new idea for the target extraction of other similar images.


The proliferation of wireless services emerging from use cases offifth-generation(5G) technology is posing many challenges on cellular communicationinfrastructure. They demand to connect a massive number of devices withenhanced data rates. The massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)technology at millimeter-wave (mmWave) in combination with hybrid precodingemerges as a concrete tool to address the requirements of 5G networkdevelopments. But Massive MIMO systems consume significant power fornetwork operations. Hence the prior role is to improve the energy efficiency byreducing the power consumption. This paper presents the power optimizationmodels for massive MIMO systems considering perfect channel state information(CSI) and imperfect CSI. Further, this work proposes an optimal hybrid precodingsolution named extended simultaneous orthogonal matchingpursuit (ESOMP).Simulation results reveal that a constant sum-rate can be achieved in massiveMIMO systems while significantly reducing the power consumption. Theproposed extended SOMPhybrid precoder performsclose to the conventionaldigital beamforming method. Further, modulation schemes compatible withmassive MIMO systems are outlined and their bit error rate (BER) performance isinvestigated


A modified ghost method is suggested in this paper.Via solving the Riemann problem in multimedia,and extending all the parameters of state to the other side to construct the ghost fluid,we can obtain two Riemann problems in single media.The governing equation is discretized with NND(Non-oscillation Non-dissipation) Scheme,while the Level set equation is solved with 5th WENO algorithm,thus the modified ghost method can capture the interface between gas and water accurately and successfully.1D and 2D cases for the interaction between strong shock and gas-water interface are used to test the validation of the code in this paper.In the end,the process of an air shock at Ma=2 passing a water droplet is calculated using compressible model for both the gas and liquid phases.


Introduction The MTA is an important use in dentistry material with good biological properties. The experimental responses to sealers using this compound in the sealing and filling of the root canal system, combined with a good instrumentation and cleaning, may be important in the periapical healing process. Objective To evaluate in vitro penetration depth of two different sealers in dentinal tubules and bacterial infiltration in fillings with AH Plus and MTA Fillapex cements. Material and method 34 premolars human monorradiculados were selected, their removed and their standardized root crowns in 16mm, after then randomly divided into two groups of 15 specimens, and instrumented with rotary system Pro Taper. One group was obturated with cement AH Plus (group HA) and another MTA Fillapex (FI Group). These groups are evaluated for coronary infiltration of bacteria Enterococcus faecalis and the depth of penetration in the dentinal tubules. For the measurement of bacterial infiltration used Fisher's exact test for Intratubular penetration we used the t-test. Result For bacterial infiltration, considering the number of infiltrated samples AH and MTA Fillapex, there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0341). In the evaluation of intratubular penetration, the difference between the two groups of cement was statistically significant (p = 0.0006). Conclusion Both cements showed bacterial infiltration and the MTA Fillapex had worse performance, capabilities to enter the dentinal tubules AH Plus was significantly higher than the MTA Fillapex.


Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1), first described by Von Recklinghausen (1882), is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a spectrum of mutations in NF-1 gene. We reported a case of giant facial neurofibromas in 26 years old male patient without family history of neurofibromatosis type 1. Features typical of neurofibroma, including an enlarged nerve fascicle composed of elongated nuclei and scant cytoplasmic cells, were identified. Excision was performed with preservation of parotid duct. The mass weight was about 5,5 kg. There were some challenges during the procedure, such as bleeding, hypovolemia, and preservation of vital structure.


A conceptual ethanol production plant, based on
conversion of a kraft pulp mill, has been studied. The process uses softwood as raw material, alkaline pre-treatment combined with delignification, and biochemical conversion of sugars to ethanol (i.e. hydrolysis and fermentation). The plant has been analysed by pinch methods in order to find steam-saving possibilities. It is shown in the study that a large amount of steam surplus can be found if energy efficiency measures are implemented. In order to study the possible effect on the
profitability of the plant when introducing steam-saving measures, the process has been analysed from a techno-economic point of view. It is shown that implementing energy efficiency measures could have a substantial effect on profitability if the by-product (in this case lignin biofuel or power) is high-valued. It is also shown that lignin as by-product might be more profitable than power, mainly because the demand for CO2 in lignin extraction might be supplied by CO2 produced in fermentation of sugars to ethanol. If investments are made to convert a pulp mill to ethanol production, energy efficiency measures should be included in the discussion since they might play an important role in minimising ethanol production cost.


In order to quicken the soil consolidation during soft ground disposal,Prefabricated Vertical Drains(PVD)with digit number and brass wires was applied in the first-stage construction of Zhejiang province′s part of Shen-Su-Zhe-Wan expressway,and a series of measures are proposed to improve depth-testing rate,which kept efficiently the PVD depth and its quality.


The utility model discloses a small type domestic fluoride-removed water purifier which can remove fluoride through an electric flocculation operation, and the filtering operation is continuously conducted. When the voltage is 2 to 15V and the current density is 4 mA/cm 2, the small type domestic fluoride-removed water purifier can adsorb and filter fluoride through activated carbon, and the purifying water quality can reach the national drinking water standard when the containing fluorine amount of raw water is 6 mg/L and the flooding quantity is 10 L/hr. An electric flocculation device can automatically exchange the polarity of an electrode to prevent from passivation. The number of aluminum sheets can be adjusted according to the fluorine content, and the aluminum sheets can be changed to clean. The small type domestic fluoride-removed water purifier can run 4-8 hours per day supplying 8 persons.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the maintenance of the process‐based quality assurance system in a higher education institution.Design/methodology/approach – The paper introduces the process management as the essential element of quality assurance in higher education and discusses the external quality audit of the quality assurance agency, extends the study to the quality management between the external audits and presents the procedure of internal quality audits. Finally, the results of the study are discussed and summarised. Action research methodology was adopted in this study. The paper shows that the process‐based quality assurance system makes the organisation responsive, agile and enables the achievement of strategic objectives.Findings – The audit group must first evaluate the necessary improvements in the process. If no improvements are found, the quality deviations must be reported. The audit helps the institution take corrective actions to amend the process descriptions or mai...


Since 2000 there are a lot of cases who married foreigner spouses. Because of increasing international marriage, we have begun to pay attention to...


This study identified concentrations of air pollutants emitted from idling of vehicles such as cars, taxis, trucks, and buses. In this investigation we analyzed concentrations of SO_2, NOx, CO, and CO_2 emitted from exhaust pipe of vehicles as a function of vehicle type, mileage, exhaust volume, and fuel type using the GreenLine. Compact or light cars, which have relatively low exhaust volume, showed much higher exhaust concentrations of SO_2, CO, and NOx than those emitted from vehicles with high exhaust volume. Vehicles using light oil showed much higher exhaust NOx concentrations than those of vehicles using gasoline. Vehicles using LPG and compact cars showed very high exhaust CO concentration compared to other vehicles. NOx exhaust concentrations were increased with increasing the mileage of vehicles.


The construction of curves of constant width using circular arcs is well known; the procedure may be found, for example, in [1]. This article describes a different method for constructing a family of 'smooth' curves of constant width. Basic properties of such curves may be found in [1]. Let C be a regular, smooth, and convex curve in the euclidean plane. Regularity implies that each point of C lies on only one support line and each support line contains only one point of C, smoothness implies the existence of derivatives at each point of C, and convexity implies the curve is a simple closed curve whose interior points form a convex set. Select a point O on C as origin, use the support line to C at O as the x-axis, and give the curve a counter-clockwise orientation (see Fig. 1).


The feasibility of using graphite foam as a heat sink and heat spreader in optoelectronic packages is assessed. A "supercooler" is designed, fabricated, and tested to verify its cooling capability under high heat flux conditions in a typical optoelectronic package. The supercooler uses graphite foam as a primary heat transfer material. Water is soaked into the graphite foam, and under evacuated pressure, boiling is initiated under the heating region to provide enhanced cooling. Experiments were conducted for a heat flux of up to 400 W/cm2 deposited over a heating area of 0.5 mm × 5 mm. Two-dimensional transient temperature distributions were recorded using a high-speed infrared camera. Data were obtained for steady heating, and for periodic heating with frequency up to 8 Hz. Results show that the supercooler is very efficient in dissipating heat away from the heating region. The average cooling rate during the cooling period exceeds 170 K/s.


This thesis investigates DP operators' knowledge and experience concerning vessel handling when switching from Auto DP to manual manoeuvring within the safety zone. Additionally, it investigates whether increased knowledge and experience in the field can contribute to the reduction of DP related incidents. This was accomplished by a survey and a focus group interview with four active DP operators. The results from these two methods have been analysed and compared with each other as well as with previous thesis to find potential factors that influence operators' knowledge and experience of manual manoeuvring within the safety zone.

In the survey it was observed that the confidence and knowledge among DP operators is high. Moreover, it has been observed that operators with more experience are more confident in managing their ship manually. Regardless, the problem remains that incidents still occur. During the process of this thesis, critical elements were identified that affect operators in their decision-making. The elements identified include Organization and Administration, Human Factors, Situational Awareness, and Technical Aspects. These critical elements are connected and have an indirect impact on operators and their decision-making regarding the transition from Auto DP to manual operation.

Furthermore, this thesis asserts that increased knowledge and experience of manual operation contributes to the reduction of DP related incidents. One of the most critical elements that was identified was the lack of regulations for training inexperienced DP operators. There has also been discovered that there are no fixed procedures for manual operation which control the training process for inexperienced DP operators.


Background: We discussed GuidExp, a semi-automatic exploit generation tool, in our paper at ACSAC 2020. GuidExp generates an exploit script for a given ActionScript vulnerability. Unlike the other exploit generators, GuidExp does not use fuzzing or a symbolic execution; rather, it relies on human expertise to guide it in successfully discovering vulnerable execution paths. This paper augments our ACSAC paper and provides more details on the experiments we conducted. Aim: We sought to show that GuidExp can generate working exploit scripts for real-world vulnerabilities in open- and closed-source ActionScript Virtual Machine (AVM) implementations. Data: We used community artifacts as GuidExp inputs: a ROP gadget sequence, used to generate a GuidExp sub-goal; a proof-of-concept (PoC) exploit script for CVE-2015-5119; and vulnerable AVM implementations. Method: We conducted a series of experiments, where the results of each informed the development of the next. First, we tested GuidExp on an open-source AVM using a single ActionScript vulnerability (CVE-2015-5119). We measured the number of candidate slices generated by GuidExp, the number of candidate slices executed successfully, and the time required to achieve each exploit subgoal. We then implemented GuidExp optimization techniques based on what we learned and repeated the same experiment using the optimizations. Next, we ran the experiment using eleven different vulnerabilities in a closed-source AVM. Finally, we ran the original experiment using a larger search space to understand how less accurate human guidance might impact GuidExp's performance. Results: Using an optimal search space (expert human guidance), GuidExp generated a successful exploit script for CVE-2015-5119 in an open-sourced AVM in just over 14 minutes. When the search space was increased to by a factor of 2, the time increased to just over 59 hours. GuidExp generated successful exploit scripts for 11 vulnerabilities in closed-source Flash Player v22.214.171.1242, with the longest completion time being just under 14 hours when using an optimal search space. Conclusions: GuidExp needs to be human-guided to generate an exploit script. Its performance is greatly affected by the accuracy of the provided exploit subgoals. Redundant instructions for an exploit subgoal significantly increases the search space and subsequently, the time that GuidExp needs to generate an exploit script.


6 paginas, 2 tablas.-- Contributed to: 13th Seminar of the FAO-CIHEAM Sub-Network on Sheep and Goat Nutrition: Challenging strategies to promote sheep and goat sector in the current global (Leon, Spain, oct 14-16, 2009).


The Kingdom of Plantae is considered the main source of human food, and includes several edible and medicinal plants, whereas mushrooms belong to the Kingdom of fungi. There are a lot of similar characteristics between mushrooms and higher plants, but there are also many differences among them, especially from the human health point of view. The absences of both chlorophyll content and the ability to form their own food are the main differences between mushrooms and higher plants. The main similar attributes found in both mushrooms and higher plants are represented in their nutritional and medicinal activities. The findings of this review have a number of practical implications. A lot of applications in different fields could be found also for both mushrooms and higher plants, especially in the bioenergy, biorefinery, soil restoration, and pharmaceutical fields, but this study is the first report on a comparative photographic review between them. An implication of the most important findings in this review is that both mushrooms and plants should be taken into account when integrated food and energy are needed. These findings will be of broad use to the scientific and biomedical communities. Further investigation and experimentation into the integration and production of food crops and mushrooms are strongly recommended under different environmental conditions, particularly climate change.


During a soybean breeding programme, different crossing techniques were applied to several sets of parents belonging to maturity groups 00 to 1. The hypocotyl and flower colour trait was used as a genetic marker in order to distinguish successful cross-pollinations from selfings. All parental material was grown in the field, female parents were cultivated in pots to allow easier handling of plants during pollination. Around 64 % of pods containing hybrid seeds were obtained when female flowers were emasculated and pollinated using a microscope, whereas only 18 % hybridization was achieved when pollinations were done with the naked eye and without emasculation. Percentage of hybridity decreased from 18 to 6.5 from the first to the second crossing period, which is explained by cleistogamous flowering due to low temperatures during the second crossing period.


Smart agriculture is an emerging concept, because IOT sensors are capable of providing information about agriculture fields and then act upon based on the user input. The goal of this paper is to create a Smart Agriculture System that takes advantage of cutting-edge technologies like Arduino, IoT, and Wireless Sensor Network. The goal of the article is to use developing technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart agriculture with automation. The ability to monitor environmental variables is a key aspect in increasing the production of efficient crops. The invention of a system that can monitor temperature, humidity, wetness, and even disease detection in tomato leaves is a characteristic of this research. TCP/IP is used in the development of the application for the farmer's Smartphone. The system uses a duplex communication link based on a cellular-Internet interface, allowing data inspection and irrigation scheduling to be configured using an android application. The device has the potential to be beneficial in water-scarce, geographically isolated places due to its energy independence and low cost.


Model selection for evaluation of immuno-oncology agents is often aided by both response to therapy and changes in immune cell subsets following treatment. To identify underlying factors that influence differences in therapeutic response, CT26 colorectal and 4T1-Luc (4T1) breast tumor models, which are immunologically warm and cold, respectively, were treated with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). Flow cytometry and transcriptome analysis were used to describe treatment-related changes in immune cell infiltrate, TIL activation status, cytokine/granzyme B production, and overall changes in gene expression. Response to anti-CTLA-4 therapy was distinct between these models. Tumor growth inhibition was observed in CT26 (74%), but not 4T1. In CT26, CD8+ and NK T cell infiltration increased, while M2 macrophages decreased. In 4T1 tumors, only increased NKT cell infiltration was noted after treatment, and no demonstrable changes were observed in any other cell type or activation marker. Several pharmacodynamic changes in immune cell activation were observed in CT26. Notably, CT26-derived CD4+, CD8+, and NK T cell subsets had increased IFNγ production (70%, 25%, and 17%, respectively, versus control). An increase in polyfunctional T cells producing both IFNγ and TNFα was also noted for CT26 and was correlated with slower tumor growth. Granzyme B was reduced and CD107a was increased in CT26-derived NK T cells, suggesting functionally active T cells. This was also supported by upregulation of genes in the cytotoxicity, antigen presentation, and NFkappaB pathways. Following CT26 treatment with anti-CTLA-4, transcriptome analysis with the nCounter® Mouse PanCancer IO 360 Panel (NanoString) showed an 8-10 fold induction of several T cell-related genes as well as an 8-14 fold induction of several chemokines and their receptors. These data complement the flow cytometry data and support stimulation of T cell activation and recruitment to CT26 tumors following anti-CTLA-4 treatment. In contrast, analysis of 4T1 tumors indicated only a 2 to 3-fold induction of CCL4, CCL11, and Granzyme A after treatment. Interestingly, genes in the matrix remodeling pathway were upregulated in 4T1 tumors upon anti-CTLA-4 treatment. In summary, CT26 tumors were responsive to anti-CTLA-4 treatment, showing increased polyfunctional T cell recruitment, NK T cell activity, and reduced M2 macrophage infiltration, as well as marked upregulation of several genes involved in T cell recruitment and activation in tumor. In contrast, 4T1 tumors did not display any remarkable response to therapy, changes to TIL infiltrates, and only limited changes to gene expression with treatment. Collectively, these results suggest tumor profiles following treatment can provide insight into potential targets of interest and are important for preclinical model selection. Citation Format: Sheri R. Barnes, David Draper, Sarah E. Church, Maryland Rosenfeld Franklin. Immunophenotypic and transcriptome analyses of CT26 and 4T1 murine tumor models following anti-CTLA-4 treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6679.


Wyeth-Ayerst appreciates the opportunity to respond to comments regarding the Norplant System. Drs. Zuber and Lawless describe the occurrence of ulceration at the site of Norplant System placement occurring within 24 hours to 2 weeks after insertion which they attribute to the use of an epinephrine-containing local anesthetic. The varying time to presentation suggests that these reactions may have several contributing factors. As noted in the editorial by Dr. Philip Darney (Darney PD Klaisle CM Walker DM Ghadially R. The importance of proper insertion of Norplant contraceptive implants. J. Fam. Pract. 1992; 334;545-6) the most likely etiology for 1 of Dr. Zubers cases is an allergic reaction or contact dermatitis to the providone-iodine solution used to clean the skin or to the adhesive strip used to close the incision. Other possible contributing factors include superficial placement of the implants tightness of the compression bandage and intradermal injection of the local anesthetic. As there have been too few reported cases and the reactions are not uniform it is difficult to attribute these reactions to any one factor. Moreover it should be noted that not all of the reported cases have been associated with an epinephrine-containing anesthetic. In addition Dr. Darneys group have performed more than 2000 Norplant System insertions using lidocaine with epinephrine and have not observed skin necrosis due to the vasoconstrictive effects of the epinephrine. This further supports that the cause may be multifactorial. The Norplant System a reversible 5-year contraceptive represents a medical advance in the field of contraception. The Norplant System has been well accepted by physicians and American women with more than 355000 insertions since its introduction in the US in early 1991. (full text)


Synopsis : Relation between the structures of chromate films, formed by electrolytic reduction in CrO3-Co2+-Cl and CrO3-SO42bath on Zn and Zn-Ni alloy plated steel, and characteristics has been investigated. The structure of chromate film formed in CrO3-Co2 + -Clbath is amorphous and a little Cl is uniformly distributed in the film. The film is mainly composed of Cr(OH)2, Cr2O3, a lot of Cr6+, and only a little Zn2+, not containing Cr. When the film is formed, Zn2+ dissolution rate in chromate bath is affected by Zn and Zn-Ni alloy plated steel sheet, and then dissolvedZn2+reacts with Cr6+in the film to reduce Cr6+ and simultaneously produce Cr3+ in the film. Co2+ in CrO3-Co2+ -Cl-bath suppresses the dissolution of Zn2+, and so component of the film formed in the bath is stabilized. Furthermore, materials chromated in the bath show excellent corrosion resistance, because much Cr6+ in the film repairs defects of surface. Cr( OH)3 in outer layer of film affects paint adhesion. The more Cr( OH )3 is, the better paint adhesion becomes. It is necessary that chromated materials secure stabilized properties as the results of controling Zn2 + dissolved from materials. In the case of chromating in CrO3-Co2+-Cl-bath, Zn2 + hardly dissolves in chromarte film.


As an interim step towards the development of a hybrid upwind structured/unstructured solver for combusting/multiphase flowfields, the TRI3D unstructured code of Barth has been extended to analyze multicomponent combusting flows. The extensions mimic the Roe/total variation diminishing (TVD) based thermochemical extensions in the structured solver, CRAFT, and entail a strong coupling of chemical species equations and complete linearization of the chemical source term, treated hi a fully implicit manner. Issues regarding the quality of solutions obtained using locally one-dimensional Riemann flux procedures and TVD limiters are more pronounced in unstructured formulations and are dealt with in depth in this article. Comparative studies of structured and unstructured analyses of laminar premixed flames, ducted shock-induced combustion, and blunt-body shock-induced combustion serve to delineate these issues and the need for solution adaptive gridding and unproved flux limiters to capture flame zones properly.


We present a numerical study of the temporal dynamics of a stimulated-Brillouin-scattering ring resonator. A coaxial-flashlamp-pumped RH6g dye laser is assumed. The influence of the most important parameters on the temporal evolution of the resonator is analyzed, namely the acoustic decay time of the nonlinear material, the features of the external-injection pulse--its pulsewidth, energy, and spatial quality--and the coupling mirror reflectivity. The conditions to initiate and sustain laser oscillation in the ring resonator as long as the duration of the pumping-system pulse persists were found.


Online discussion provides an avenue for social interaction, which is said to be beneficial for the knowledge-construction process. It is hypothesised that this new learning environment will also affects the student learning process. This paper discusses psychological aspects of online discussion as experienced by a group of students who participated in an online-discussion activity. The sample consists of 55 postgraduate students enrolled in a research-methodology course in one public university in Malaysia that includes online discussion as one of its learning activities. Data was collected using an open-ended questionnaire. Findings were reduced into thematic categories to represent psychological aspects of the participants' experience in online discussion process, by the phases of the online discussion. The results of the study found some benefit in these discussions as well as issues that are needed to be addressed. Several psychological themes emerged namely: self-esteem, self-efficacy, motivation and academic anxiety. These findings reflect the importance of considering psychological aspects in the implementation of online learning approaches.


It is a matter of great concern to us that we learnt from a circular distributed by Messrs Kodak Limited in August 1986 of their intention to discontinue the supply of Kodak Min R film for mammography from the end of 1986. Our paper (Kirkpatrick & Law, 1987) reports a study which confirms previous work indicating that, of available black and white films for mammography, Min R film currently represents the best balance between image quality and dose.


The paper discussed the calculation and selection of the remote control drilling rig research content and technical parameters,the overall program and control system were designed.Its power head gear parts of the mechanical transmission was modeled and did stress analysis.The test demonstrated that the design of the power head components can meet the requirements and have a certain working conditions values.


The invention discloses a vehicle cavity separation member and an application method thereof for overcoming the defects of the traditional vehicle cavity filling, such as complicated structure, poor generality and unapparent vibration attenuation and noise reduction effects. The vehicle cavity separation member comprises a framework shaped like a closed hexahedron, an enhancement layer and a vibration attenuation layer are respectively arranged on the front surface and the rear surface of the framework, a buckle for fixing the cavity separation member is arranged on the enhancement layer, penetrates through the enhancement layer and is integrated with the framework, a foaming material layer which is not foamed is arranged on each of the upper surface and the lower surface of the framework, the left surface and the right surface of the framework are uneven faces with reinforcing ribs, and a foaming material layer is attached to each uneven face. The buckle is buckled on a metal plate of a vehicle cavity, the vibration attenuation layer is attached to the metal plate of the vehicle cavity, the cavity separation member is baked by electrophoresis so that the foaming material layer isfoamed to separate and seal the vehicle cavity, and the foamed enhancement layer is tightly attached to the metal plate of the vehicle cavity. The whole cavity separation member has the advantages ofsimple structure, high generality and obvious vibration attenuation and noise reduction effects.


Current methods for mapping imprinted quantitative trait locus (iQTL) with inbred line
crosses assume fixed QTL effects. When an iQTL segregates in experimental line crosses,
combining different line crosses with similar genetic background can improve the accuracy
of iQTLs inference. In this article, we develop a general interval-based statistical variance
components framework to map iQTLs underlying complex traits by combining different
backcross line crosses. We propose a new iQTL variance partition method based on the
nature of marker alleles shared identical-by-decent (IBD) in inbred lines. Maternal effect is
adjusted when testing imprinting. Efficient estimation methods with the maximum likelihood
and the restricted maximum likelihood are derived and compared. Statistical properties of
the proposed mapping strategy are evaluated through extensive simulations under different
sampling designs. An extension to multiple QTL analysis is given. The proposed method
will greatly facilitate genetic dissection of imprinted complex traits in inbred line crosses.


The management of fitness clubs has become an important problems for the development of the sport industry.The hardware environment of the management of the fitness clubs,such as the selection of setting,investment,and the software conditions,such as the instructor,can be seen as the important factors that impact on the effectiveness of running the clubs,which is definitely drawn special attention by the members of the sport industry in China.This study conducted an analysis on the current situation of hardware and software of the management of fitness clubs in Xian and explored the current situation,existing problems and relative development strategy of running fitness clubs,in order to provide the references for the relative policies of the fitness industry.


The sustainability of a construction product starts with its design. The skill of the designer in applying the principles of sustainability is therefore of utmost importance. In the sphere of architecture, the skill is often a product of the training of the architect. This study therefore investigates the adequacy of the curriculum of architecture schools in training students on the principles of sustainability. The study answers four questions: which areas of sustainability should the training of architecture students address? Which areas of sustainability are currently being taught in the institutions investigated? Are those areas addressed in outlines or as full courses? are the students taught the theory or the application of the principles? Qualitative content analyses of the architecture curriculum of four institutions in south- west Nigeria were carried out. the outcome of the study reveals areas of sustainability that the curriculum had not adequately addressed. The paper suggests the review of the curriculum for the training of architects to address sustainability principles


Teaching management is an important procedure in the teacher training program.we provides the strategies of the bilingual teacher training on ethnic minority teachers from the perspectives of constructing a management system of bilingual teaching training and emphasizing the routine teaching management.


The Chinese musical historiography was influenced by the modern society history,cultural transform and neo-historiography,and came out those outstanding scholars,such as Ye Bo-he,Tong Fei,Miao Tianrui,Wang Guangqi,Xiao Youmei,Yang yinliu and so on,with their writings representative the results of modern features in Chinese musical hisoriography.


Covid-19 has given a halt to all the activities in the world. Europe was most affected followed by the United States of America. In this study we have assessed the severity of Covid-19 by analyzing the mortality rate in Covid-19 and other diseases. The Covid-19 data and "death rate" data caused by other diseases (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, non-communicable respiratory diseases, respiratory infectious diseases, diabetes mellitus, and kidney diseases) were downloaded from the world health organization (WHO) website. A normalized period based method was used to see the mortality rate of Covid-19 in comparison to other diseases. The deaths occurred by cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and respiratory diseases were more in number than the Covid-19 caused deaths in the 45 days period where most of the Covid-19 deaths had taken place. The mortality rate of Covid-19 was highest in France followed by Belgium and the lowest in Russia while the share of Covid-19 caused deaths in total deaths by all causes was the highest in Belgium followed by Spain and the lowest in Japan. The severity of Covid-19 in the USA was moderate. The severity of Covid-19 in Asian countries was found to be moderate to low. The severity of Covid-19 was diverse in the world. Europe showed the highest diversity in the mortality rate of Covid-19. Cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and non-communicable diseases were still more lethal and caused more deaths than Covid-19.


The "Hokey Cokey" (or "Hokey Pokey" if you are American) is a song and dance with a lot of "in" and "out" movements of arms and ...


In this article, Daniel Granger, Director of the Center for Distance Learning at Empire State College (one of the constituent Colleges of the State University of New York), describes the marriage of individualised learning and distance learning which makes up the work of his section of the institution. In an unusual approach to both content and method, Empire State College with its distance teaching option offers a new approach to curriculum in open learning which readers in Britain and abroad will find of interest.


A file transfer system includes a file management server, a file transmitting terminal, and a file receiving terminal connected each other via a network. The file transmitting terminal transmits to the file management server a file and an authorization condition for accessing the file. The file management server stores the file and the authorization condition relating each other. The file receiving terminal transmits to the file management server a request for transferring the file. The file management server, in response to the request, determines whether the authorization condition is satisfied, and if the authorization condition is satisfied, transfers the file to the file receiving terminal. Accordingly, a user can safely receive the file via the network even if the user does not have an information apparatus having memory capacity large enough to receive the file.


In this paper, we introduce the concepts of distance, modulus of smoothness and derivative on SL(2,R). Hence we arrive at the direct approximation theorems of Jackson type on SL(2, R) by function classes Tn and Bσ,n respectively, and obtain the relation between the smoothness and the best approximations on SL(2,R).


A hierarchical navigation system which delivers paths with continuous curvature for rectangularly-modeled vehicles is proposed. After a brief overview of the transport system consisting of omni wheel drive carriers, and on-carrier and off-carrier sensor components, the navigation module of this system is described. The multilevel navigation is based on a new polygonal partitioning of the Cartesian free-space, which allows a fast local modification of the partitions if obstacles are added or deleted. An A*-algorithm whose weight function is automatically adjusted by information on lower system levels delivers a coarse route through the environment (driving channel). Subsequently, a sequence of straight lines is generated, which are oriented along the right border of this channel. On the next level of path planning, curves are fitted into the corners of the line segment sequences to generate paths with continuous curvature. The generated, right-oriented paths are collision-free for rectangular modeled vehicles.<<ETX>>


In this study we introduce a new microsimulation model, ELSI, for modelling the statutory pension scheme of Finland. The Finnish pension system consists of earnings-related pensions (almost 90% of the total pension expenditure) and the national pension. The statutory earnings-related pension system will undergo a major reform in 2017. One of the main objectives of the ELSI project is to utilize the model in analysing different policy proposals related to the pension reform in order to support the policymakers in their preparatory work. ELSI is the first detailed microsimulation model of the Finnish pension system. The model is based on large register data of the adult population of Finland. We currently have functional modules for population, earnings and earnings-related pensions. In the near future, we will introduce new modules for simulating national pensions and taxation. A typical simulation period is 2009–2060. Until recently, the long-term projections of the Finnish pension system (for instance EU Commission AWG projections) have been carried out using our macro model. The macro model gives a good overview of the pension scheme on a system level, but it cannot be used to derive distributional results on pension benefits. The results in both the macro and micro models are driven by exogenous transition probability matrices. The macro behaviour of the micro model is aligned to the macro model. The ELSI model gives additional information on the distributions of pension benefits. It is also possible to see the impact of policy alternatives on subpopulations; for example on immigrants or different educational groups.


A study is made of the influence of phase inhomogeneities of resonator mirrors on the efficiency of nonlinear optical processes such as optical frequency doubling and parametric amplification of light waves. The results obtained make it possible to estimate the nonlinear frequency conversion efficiency of a resonator with real mirrors.


This work delineates the thermally stable, self-biased straintronic nanomagnetic logic (NML) by leveraging the dipole coupling between an array of nanomagnets using only two electrodes that discard the intricate voltage mechanism of multi-electrode systems. For efficient NML operation, the self-biased elliptical nanomagnets with fixed aspect ratio can be designed over a particular thickness range, limited by the thermal stability and shape anisotropy energy. Micromagnetic simulations show that the 180° magnetization switching of the nanomagnet is assisted by an external applied voltage and the dipole coupling, allowing controlled NML operations. The relationship between the critical switching frequency and critical strain is used to select the appropriate nanomagnets for different logic operations.


We have developed a reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) technique for viral nucleic acids as an alternative protocol for diagnosis of rabies virus.A primer set mapping in the nucleoptotein cistron allowed a specific and sensitive amplification of infected animl brain materials and tissue-culture supernatants.30 brain samples from different animal species including 12 dogs,10 mice and 8 cattle,4 deer,2 horse,which were found to be positive by means of the mouse inoculation test(MIT),were retested with the RT-PCR.Compared with FAT and MIT,RT-PCR was more rapid and efficient than the MIT to detect rabies virus.


Abstract : The dramatic shift in ammunition industrial base preparedness policy has prompted a number of individuals and organizations, both military and civilian, to express alarmist views warning that the United States military strategy may not be credible to likely regional aggressors. Conversely, DoD acquisition leadership believes industry consolidation should continue and the munitions base should be expanded to include US allies. This paper investigates the Army ammunition readiness posture and modernization plans against a framework of the current and future threats, and contemporary DoD strategy and policy. It also examines prevailing trends toward commercialization and globalization of the munitions industrial base.


The article discusses the phenomenon of the ineffability of semantic valencies of the verbs with the meaning of liquidation of a result (liquidatives). The author gives theoretical information about different types of the failure to express linguistically semantic valencies. In the article one Russian verb from the semantic group of liquidatives – the verb rasstegnut ' (to unbutton) – is analysed. Regularly it is used as an example of a verb possessing an inexpressible valency. Basing on the analysis of semantic and syntactic features of this verb in different contexts the author differentiates two meanings of rasstegnut ' and examines their government patterns. It has been found out that the liquidative rasstegnut ' in all its meanings does not have any inexpressible semantic valency.


The aim of this study was to compare pseudo-ECGs produced by different configurations of re-entry in a computational model. We initiated single, double and multiple re-entrant waves in a cuboid with Fitz-Hugh Nagumo excitability. We estimated one component of the pseudo-ECG, and applied linear time-frequency and nonlinear dimensional analysis. The pseudo-ECG produced by a single re-entrant wave was periodic, whereas that produced by a double re-entrant wave was quasiperiodic with slow changes in both frequency content and amplitude. The dimension of these time series was around 1 and 3 respectively. The time-frequency distribution of the pseudo-ECG produced by multiple re-entrant waves was more complex with rapid changes in frequency and amplitude, and the dimension of the pseudo-ECG time series was around 4. Thus different configurations of re-entrant wave are associated with qualitatively and quantitatively different pseudo-ECG time series.


Railway network development in Tokyo has led not only to incomparable urban growth but to some distortion of living conditions. To go beyond this discording urban history, we should at first specify the nature of city and railway evolutions.With a view to establishing a point of comparison with Tokyo's case, our study treats city form and townscape evolutions in Paris through the railway network formation. We will show that the railway was created as a complementary link to urban development in Paris at the close of long discussions on tradition and modernization of the city.


Summary In the Northern Vosges (Northeastern, France), a study has clearly shown that several weakly mineralized streams were characterised by a very low alkalinity. To determine water chemistry of 40 sites, physico-chemical factors were measured each season during 1994. To follow the acidication status, parameters of mineralization were analysed each month on 15 sites. The first results have shown that 11 sites were acidified and temporal variations of Al concentrations were demonstrated. The vegetation of these 11 stations was composed of Bryophyta, and sometimes of Potamogeton polygonifolius. They seem to have (at least temporally) the ability to survive under extremely acid conditions.


Religious autobiography as an introductory course is popular yet problematic. Often, it lacks methodological breadth and functions to ensconce Western notions of subjectivity which elide difference, locatedness, and the reality of multiple or shifting identifications. These problems can be addressed by incorporating into the course a community-based learning exercise in which each student is paired with a local senior citizen, conducts a series of interviews with the elder, and then writes an (auto-)biography based on the interviews. Students are thus given a real-life situation in which to test the applicability of theories and definitions of religion, as well as a relationship to a subject whose locatedness and relatively unprivileged "I" allow for the problematization of autobiography as a genre as well as an appreciation for the contextual nature of religiosity. This exercise transforms the religious autobiography course into a pedagogically fruitful, intellectually defensible, and institutionally savvy introductory course.


Spinel Mn2+ Fe3+ 2−xCexO4 (where x = 0.01–0.05) polycrystalline nanoparticles were fabricated by solution combustion method using glucose and urea as fuels. X-ray diffractogram (XRD) proved the witness of the cubic crystal consort of products which have the crystallite sizes in between 12 and 8 nm. The size of the sample was accomplished via transmission electron microscopy. The elemental composition of iron and manganese ions valences of MnCexFe2−xO4 samples were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. XPS data reveals iron in all samples was trivalent; manganese was divalent, although tetravalent manganese ions were present on the surface of particles. Magnetic characterization of samples was done via Mössbauer spectroscopy at room temperature and at low temperatures (15 K). The Mössbauer analysis determines the consequence of Ce3+ substitution on isomer shift and quadrupole splitting of all samples. The low temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy results indicate that the presence of Ce3+ ions in the octahedron sites causes the decrease in the concentration of Fe3+ ions.


The Eighth District added about 150,000 jobs from 2010 to 2013, almost 75 percent of them in low-paying industries. Such jobs are growing at a faster rate than those in high-paying industries, the opposite of what is happening on the national level.


Background/Objective:
 Multiple lines of evidence suggest that Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) leads to ischemic subcortical tissue injury, but its relationship to cortical changes is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that CAA is associated with cortical tissue loss.

 Methods:
 Three age-matched cohorts of 63 subjects each (non-demented patients with probable CAA, Healthy Controls [HC] and patients with Alzheimer's Disease [AD], the latter two from AD Neuroimaging Initiative) underwent multimodal MRI. FreeSurfer was used to calculate cortical thickness, white matter hyperintensity (WMH), and hippocampal volumes (HV). In patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, the measures were obtained from the contralateral hemisphere, and all were corrected for intracranial volume. CAA patients also had functional MRI to calculate Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent Time-to-Peak (BOLD-TTP), a measure of vascular reactivity. Lobar microbleeds (LMB) were counted on SWI.

 Results:
 The mean age of each cohort was 72±5. CAA patients had thinner cortices compared to HC (2.17±0.11 vs 2.31±0.07 in mm, p<0.001), especially in the occipital, temporal, posterior parietal, and medial frontal regions [Figure]. Patients with AD had significantly thinner cortices than both CAA and HC (2.1±0.14, p<0.01 for both comparisons, also see Figure). Similarly, HV was lower in CAA than controls but both CAA and HC had higher HV than AD (p<0.01 for all comparisons). The number of LMBs and WMH did not correlate with cortical measures in CAA (p>0.2). There was a significant negative correlation (r=-0.4) between BOLD-TTP delay and cortical thickness (p=0.005 after adjustment for covariates).

 Conclusions:
 Cortical thickness of CAA patients is significantly reduced when compared to age-matched HC but higher than in AD. Analyses within the CAA cohort suggest that CAA-related vascular dysfunction might contribute to cortical atrophy.


Currently in various regions have many Business Sector , of the Food Enterprises , Textile Business , Agriculture Industry Sector Enterprises and others . But of the many areas of business and the business is a lot of people who still do not know , and make the business venture less developed or less known to the general public . With so many people using the Internet as a media search technology at this time the information is made Redesign Online Market Place as a medium of online marketing . Designing Online Marketplace for Small and Medium Enterprises using a Website that has a basic PHP language and MySQL database as well as having the support of other languages such as CSS and others. With Design Online Marketplace for Small and Medium Enterprises may be useful as a System Information Market Place which has a range of businesses from the area or town as well as being able to develop Information Systems ( advertise ) the business venture . And the entrepreneur can fill out and share their business information here .


How teachers perform and react to the world-wide pandemic and how the epidemic affects an education system may also be used as new conditions to consider the way to enhance SDG4 in developing countries. Regarding that concern, this study investigated 294 teachers' perspective on their teaching effectiveness and satisfaction during COVID-19. The findings underlined the significant roles of support from various stakeholders, school readiness toward digital transformation, and teachers' anxiety over teacher satisfaction. Notably, teachers' newly absorbed technological and pedagogical skills do elevate their teaching effectiveness but do not lead to higher satisfaction during the pandemic.


We investigate one-dimensional (1D) Majorana bound states (MBSs) realized in terms of the helical edge states of a 2D quantum spin-Hall insulator in a heterostructure with a superconducting substrate and two ferromagnetic insulators (FIs). By means of Bogoliubov–de Gennes approach we demonstrate that there is a helical spin texture in the MBS wave function with a pitch proportional to the Fermi momentum. Moreover, simultaneous detection on local density of states by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy at a position close to one FI edge and at the midpoint between the two FIs can not only map out the energy spectrum ±E cos(ϕ/2) where ϕ is the relative angle between the magnetizations of two FIs, but also prove experimentally that the two quasiparticle excitations do not mix with each other as protected by the parity conservation associated with the MBSs.


CVE makes collaborative feature modeling among multi-users possible, but the token-passing method that most of current collaborative feature modeling systems use as its collaborative strategy makes the design inflexible and inefficient. Based on the analysis of feature operation in collaborative environment, we propose a new method to solve the conflicts and define a process for non-locked multi-user collaborative design. Based on this method, we have implemented a prototype system integrating C++, Java3D and VML, CORBA technologies to achieve flexibility and efficiency in CVE for feature based modeling.


Abstract : This report presents the results of fire evaluation and analysis of several types of Class A insulated bulkheads, otherwise referred to as marine fire boundaries. The primary objective of this work was to determine the levels of thermal radiation and surface temperatures from the unexposed face of several assemblies, which barely meet the requirements for that classification. Of secondary importance was the determination of the amount of insulation necessary to meet the thermal requirements of the standard whether the insulation was exposed to the fire or not. This work provides a baseline database to aid in the development of fire modeling, and of regulatory criteria for assemblies of alternate materials, e.g. windows, for the determination of acceptable levels of exposure in the event of a fire in an adjacent compartment. Furnace calibration tests were performed to determine the total and radiative heat flux and temperature distribution within the furnace over the face of the bulkhead. A total of 21 full-scale fire tests were conducted on steel bulkheads insulated with mineral wool of varying thickness and densities, some in combination with calcium silicate marine panels, and uninsulated bulkheads to achieve Class A-60, A-30, A-15, and A-0 ratings. Finite-element heat transfer modeling was utilized to aid in the density/thickness selection for the tests. Radiative heat fluxes and surface temperatures were recorded for each tests, with a test length of 60 minutes.


Vortex-induced vibrations may occur on slender structures such as chimneys, towers, and bridge decks. Experience has shown that vortex-induced vibrations become more and more important for cable-supported bridges with increasing span. Examples of full-scale vibrations originating from vortex shedding are Great Belt Suspension Bridge in Denmark just before completion and Osterøy Suspension Bridge in Norway. Three streamlined steel box girders have been investigated with two main focus areas: Influence of the bottom slope turning angle and Reynolds number. The box girders have been tested in low turbulent flow on scale 1:50 and 1:10 section models suspended in a dynamic as well as in a nominally non-vibrating test rig. The Strouhal numbers determined in the dynamic test rig are consistently less than the Strouhal numbers based on the results found in the nominally non-vibrating test rig. The vortex-induced vibrations measured in the dynamic test rig depend strongly on the Reynolds number. Low Reynolds numbers for the 1:50 scale model give much larger vibrations than found for intermediate Reynolds numbers simulated with the 1:10 scale model. This behaviour is also found for circular cylinders. Theoretical fit of the vortex-induced vibration amplitudes based on the spectral model, Eurocode approach 2, is in good agreement with the measurements carried out.


The emergence of software defined networking (SDN), whose key features include separation between the data-plane and the control-plane and logically centralized network control, has potential to completely reshape the field of computer networking. Going beyond conceptual models, the existing deployment of SDN in major data centers (e.g., Google and Microsoft data centers) has demonstrated the substantial gain and flexibility of SDN. However, the existing initiatives of SDN focus mostly on wireline networks such as data center networks, service provider networks, and enterprise networks. Given the substantial potential of SDN, it is imperative that we develop a better understanding of the potential benefits and issues of applying SDN to wireless networks, including cellular, mobile ad hoc, and the Internet of Things.


The mechanised trawling has received considerable importance in the last decade due to the increasing demand for prawns by the export industry. The trawl fishery is largely supported by smaller species like Metapenaeus dobsoni and Parapenaeopsis stylifera. Since there is considerable demand, the price of prawns shows an upward trend season after season. An account on the price structure of the commercially important species of prawns of Mangalore area during 1980-'86 is given in this article.


This chapter examines how the content of a biblical book is divided with different types of divisions. The author chooses the little book of Esther for this purpose because of its small size, focusing on the subjective aspects of these divisions. No ancient fragments of Esther have been found among the texts in the Judean Desert or elsewhere, and as a result the discussion focuses on the medieval manuscripts, some modern editions, and some commentaries. Keywords:biblical book; Esther; Judean Desert; medieval manuscripts


The derivative of titanates are numerous, their composition must monitor immediately in the course of preparing. According to physical truth of titanates' structure, the contents of titanates could be judged indirectly through determining content of titanium in solution and solids at every stages. In order to achieve the goal of determining fast and accurately, titanates are dissolved by a large amount of much hot dense sulfuric acid, which can still keep the relatively high acidity after diluting. That is essential condition of spectro photometry with H2O2 as chromogenic agent. At the same time, reductometry solution is simplified.


Abstract While the devastation of elephants due to the demand for ivory in recent centuries is well known, the use of ivory in earlier times in sub-Saharan Africa as well as the interaction with elephant populations is less well understood. This article considers the use of ivory and the long-term relationship between humans and elephants in one area, Mawogola, in south-western Uganda. Its scope extends from the initial encounters with elephants around 1,000 years ago, including the use of ivory as ornamentation, through the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century engagement of African states with the ivory trade, into colonial times and the end of the elephant in Mawogola in the late 1960s. Humans constructed their relationships with one another in part through the manipulation of ivory and elephants. Consideration is also given to the ecological impact of elephants and to the implications of their demise on the landscape.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of electricity consumption, investment, and school enrollment on economic growth of Indonesia from 1984-2018. Electricity is used by society in every activity including production and consumption. This study used ARDL-ECM method. Based on the estimation results, all variables were stationary at the first difference. Based on the empirical findings, the appropriate ARDL model was ARDL (1, 2, 1, 1). In the long run, investment had a positive influence on economic growth and school enrollment had a negative influence on economic growth. Meanwhile, in the long run, electricity consumption is insignificant to the economic performance of Indonesia during the study period. However, in the short run, there was only investment had a significant and positive impact on economic growth in Indonesia. School enrollment and electricity consumption had no significant influence on economic growth. Speed of adjustment (ECT (-1)) had a significant influence on GDP. With the Qusum and QusumQ tests, the model showed feasible stability. Therefore, more vigorous electricity policies should be implemented for supporting economic growth.


Previously the author reported the effect of inorganic acids or bases on gelation of aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)1). Below the critical concentration, the effect was investigated by color development with iodine afterƒÁ -ray irradiation . In the present study the effect of several alcohols on the gelation was investigated. Methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, cyclohexanol and phenol were used as additives.


The construction of random fillings from the excavation of medium hardness rocks, with high particle sizes, presents limitations in compaction control. This research applies new control techniques with revised test procedures in the construction of the random fillings core, which constitutes the main part of the embankment, with the bigger volume and provides the geotechnical stability to the infrastructure. The maximum thickness over each of the compacted layers researched that made up the random fillings was 800 mm. As there are many types of rocks, this research is applied to metamorphic slates. Quality control was carried out by applying new research associated with the revision of wheel impression test, topographic settlements, and plate bearing test (PBT). Thus, new test procedures are established, defining efficient thresholds. Comparisons make it possible to choose representative tests, avoiding duplication. The optimization of control reduces inspection times, ensuring quality adapted to the high construction efficiency of diggings. Traditionally, rocks were rejected due to their maximum size, underutilizing the use of high-quality materials. Promoting their utilization implies a better use of resources, and therefore, a higher environmental efficiency. A statistical analysis of the core of 16 slate random fillings was carried out, with a total of 2250 in situ determination of density and moisture content, 75 wheel impression tests, 75 topographic settlement controls, and 75 PBT. The strong associations found between different tests allowed to simplify the quality control.


Objective: To find out a high-efficiency and steady performance of staining nucleic acid with Genefinder in agarose gel electrophoresis.Method:Comparative analysis was performed on the staining effects corresponding with three different methods of Genefinder staining.Result:Staining nucleic acid with Genefinder after agarose gel electrophoresis has a satisfactory effect,while staining in agarose gel electrophoresis does worse and staining with preparative dye liquor has the worst effect.Conclusion:Probably Genefinder has an effect on the mobility of nucleic acid in agarose gel electrophoresis,therefore,a better way is to stain nucleic acid with Genefinder after the agarose gel electrophoresis.


Abstract : A 14.87 GHz prototype relay system was operated betweed the Federal Aviation Administration control towers at Tampa and St. Petersburg-Clearwater International Airports to evaluate its use in relaying surveillance radar information between adjacent airports. This report describes the results of the weather and fading analysis for the test period, with emphasis on the intervals that resulted in a marginal or unusable operational status. The indications are that this 15 GHz system would be operationally successful in any part of the U.S. if occasional brief outrages can be tolerated. (Author)


Through analyzing functions of Power Designer and Oracle 9i database technology,this paper investigated application of PDM technology in the Oracle Database,and puts out a new strategy which can be strengthen management of database in the development of information system.


The Geneva agreement of April 17, 2014, provides a roadmap to de-escalate tension in Ukraine and a commitment by the parties to work toward resolution through broad national dialogue and constitutional reform with outreach to all of Ukraine's regions and political constituencies. On May 14, the interim government organized a first roundtable on Ukraine's future, with several Ukrainian politicians and German diplomat Wolfgang Ischinger meeting in Kyiv. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) has offered to help promote the national dialogue in the coming weeks. In addition, the interim government in April announced a constitutional process intended to lead to amendments to the constitution. A special committee in the parliament is preparing amendments that are to be discussed in the next weeks.


Many fundamental biological processes, such as the search for food, immunological responses and wound healing, depend on cell migration. Video microscopy allows the magnitude and direction of cell migration to be documented. Here, we present a simple and inexpensive method for simultaneous tracking of hundreds of migrating cells over periods of several days. Low‐magnification dark‐field microscopy was used to visualize individual cells whereas time‐lapse video images were acquired by computer for future analysis. We employed an automated tracking algorithm to identify individual cells on each video image allowing migration paths to be tracked using a nearest neighbour algorithm. To test the method, we followed the time‐course of migration of 3T3 fibroblasts, endothelial cells and individual amoeba in the absence of any chemical stimulus gradient. All cell types showed a 'random walk' behaviour in which mean squared displacement in position increased linearly with time. We defined a 'migration coefficient' (Dmig), analogous to a diffusion coefficient, which gave an estimate of cell migration rate. Dmig depended on cell type and temperature. When amoebas were made to undergo chemotaxis, the cells no longer followed a random walk but instead moved at a near constant velocity (Vav) towards the chemotactic stimulus.


By adopting the finite element analytical software ANSYS a finite element simulation of contact stress between frictional facing of drum typed brake and braking drum has been carried out.The loading manner of actual promotional force has been adopted while simulating the process of brake-shoe compresses the brake drum,and useful information of contact-stress field and efficiencyfactors etc.was gained.Influences of the variation of initial angle of frictional facing on the contact pressure and the efficiency factors were analyzed.It indicated that along with the reduction of initial angle,the maximum contact pressure and the efficiency factor of two shoes would increase,and the shoe facing that close to the end of supporting pin participated in the contact more sufficiently than the original structure.


Editing and consummating the competitive rules is the major measure of promoting gas volleyball movement continous development.Through analyzing the course which promote gas volleyball contest rules changing and perfect,attending to the point of sports theories and practices,this paper analyzes the main characteristics of new version 《Gas Volleyball Competitive Rules》,and provides the academic basis and instruction.


The instinct of every human being is naturally inclined towards the consumption of sweet-tasting foods neglecting the fact that foods that taste bitter are better consumed sometimes. The bitter components of some foods are of immense medicinal value; hence, this is a review of some bitter foods, their bitter components and possible medicinal values. HINARI, Scopus and Goole scholar were accessed in this study. All the bitter foods compiled are plant foods and they include: cruciferous vegetables; chicory; chard; artichokes, asparagus, lettuce; bitter leaf; coffee; cocoa powder; ginger; bitter melon; cucumber; olives; charyotes and clove basil. The main bitter components of these foods are: glucosinolates; sesquiterpene lactones (lactucin and lactucopicrin); flavonoids (myricetin, naringenin, kaempferol, apigenin, cynarin); furostanol saponin and other phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acids (hydroxycinnamic acid and quinnic acid); theobromine (methylxanthines); gingerol/ shogaol; cucurbitacin and oleuropein. These have been reported to be bioactive and exert the following effects: anti-parasitic; antimicrobial; antibacterial; antioxidant, anti-inflammatory; anti-diabetic; hypolipidemic; anti-cancer; protect against toxicity; neuro-protective; anti-depression; anti-anxiety; anti-hypertension; anti-obesity, anti-allergy; anti-nausea, anti-arthritis; anti-viral, analgesic; anti-pyretic; anti-ulcer; gastro-protective; sedative and fertility enhancer. Consumption of these bitter foods may therefore be an effective measure towards improving public health globally since prevention is always better than cure.


Was monetary policy crucial for early sovereign debt sustainability? This
 paper analyses whether the availability of gold and silver drove Venetian
 government debt servicing costs in the late medieval period. We use an error
 correction model to describe changes in yields on perpetual bonds issued by
 the Venetian state. We document that the ability of the Venetian Republic to
 service its sovereign borrowing can be partially attributed to the supply of
 precious metals. We show that the substantial increase in debt servicing
 costs during the 15th century can be associated with an abrupt halt in the
 supply of gold and silver from mines in Serbia and Bosnia - primarily a
 consequence of the Ottoman expansion to the west. We control for other
 explanatory factors, such as mean reversion of nominal yield, real GDP
 growth and military conflicts.


X-Ray analysis of 1,5-dimethyl-3,7-di-tert-butyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one 5 has established that its molecules adopt a chair–boat conformation; compound 5 has been synthesized in one step using a Mannich condensation.