We investigate spatial and temporal scale effects on erosion processes and sediment delivery using a onedimensional finite volume implementation of the Hairsine-Rose soil erosion model coupled with the St. Venant equations. The Hairsine-Rose model distinguishes between sediment size classes and recognizes the development of a deposited layer over time that differs from the underlying parent soil in its size distribution and cohesion. The dynamics of erosion and sediment transport arising from changes to the eroding soil can therefore be captured. By treating erosion and deposition processes separately—with net erosion or deposition being the result of a dynamic balance between the processes, the model can handle changes to erosion regimes seamlessly. We model the change from a net erosion (entrainment-limiting) to a net deposition (transport-limiting) regime on a steep-gentle compound hillslope. Soil erosion and deposition result in changes to the hillslope which in turn alter sediment delivery on long timescales. We capture this feedback by introducing a morphological equation into the model. Applying this to the compound hillslope, we show its evolution into a simple slope over a long time period, with a resultant reduction in sediment delivery. Finally, we model, based on recent experimental data, the interaction and thresholds of rainfall and runoff erosion processes. A two-dimensional extension of the proposed model can potentially be used to predict sediment routing and redistribution over complex evolving topographies at scales ranging from plot to hillslope to sub-watershed.


Objective: to record the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in chronic HCV cases receiving interferon therapy Methodology: A total of 100 patients with a diagnosis of chronic Hepatitis C between 35-70 years of either sex with normal Thyroid function test at the time of commencement of therapy were included. This trial was conducted during the period 2021-22 at Services Hospital Lahore. Interferon alfa 3 million units were administered to patients three times per week, along with oral ribavirin 1000 mg or 1200 mg every day (depending on their weight) for 24 weeks. During therapy, these individuals had clinical evaluations every 2, 4, and 6 months. The presence and severity of adverse events were evaluated at each visit, along with standard laboratory tests. TSH levels were used to assess patients for thyroid illness every 2, 4, and 6 months. Results: Mean age was calculated as 48.57+11.35 years, 52(52%) were male and 48(48%) were females, frequency of thyroid dysfunction in Chronic HCV cases receiving interferon therapy was recorded in 19(19%) of the cases. Conclusion: The incidence of thyroid dysfunction in individuals taking interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C infection is not very high. However, we recommend that those who are currently receiving treatment for chronic hepatitis C should be evaluated for thyroid dysfunction. Keywords: Chronic Hepatitis C infection, Interferon therapy, Thyroid Dysfunction,


Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast is believed to develop from in situ lesions, atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH), and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Down‐regulation of the cell–cell adhesion protein E‐cadherin is a defining feature of lobular breast cancer (LBC) and already occurs in ALH and LCIS. Apart from mutational mechanisms, epigenetic silencing of the E‐cadherin gene (CDH1) is thought to be involved in E‐cadherin down‐regulation and has been observed at a high frequency in ILC. Whether CDH1 promoter methylation is already present in in situ lesions and thus contributes to the initiation of LBC is not established. We thus examined microdissected archived tissue from 20 LBCs by methylation‐specific PCR to determine the CDH1 methylation status of lobular lesions. Nineteen of the 20 LBCs had a hypermethylated CDH1 promoter, including 13/14 ILCs and 13/13 ALHs or LCIS. Bisulphite sequencing indicated that methylation was complete within the investigated promoter fragment. Intriguingly, CDH1 methylation was likewise present in 8/8 adjacent non‐neoplastic epithelia, but not in 6/6 mammary epithelia from healthy subjects. E‐cadherin protein and mRNA were down‐regulated in in situ lesions relative to adjacent epithelia. Together, these results indicate that CDH1 promoter methylation occurs in LBC prior to E‐cadherin down‐regulation and neoplastic formation. We thus propose that epigenetic silencing represents the first of the two hits required to silence both CDH1 alleles for LBC to develop. Because promoter methylation is in principle reversible, our findings suggest that chemoprevention of LBC by epigenetic drugs should be feasible. Furthermore, the presence of CDH1 methylation in pre‐neoplastic epithelia suggests the existence of mammary regions with increased disease susceptibility, providing an explanation for the often multifocal presentation of LBC. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


There are three types of Schindler disease. Schindler disease type I, also called the infantile type, is the most severe form. Babies with Schindler disease type I appear healthy at birth, but by the age of 8 to 15 months they stop developing new skills and begin losing skills they had already acquired (developmental regression). As the disorder progresses, affected individuals develop blindness and seizures, and eventually they lose awareness of their surroundings and become unresponsive. People with this form of the disorder usually do not survive past early childhood.


Environmentalism will be one of the most potent forces of economic, social, and political change in this decade. By the year 2000, organizations and organizational theory will need to transform themselves dramatically to accommodate environmental concerns. Despite the rise of environmentalism over the last two decades, organizations and organizational theories have failed to adequately address environmental concerns. This paper examines this failure and proposes new concepts and a framework for greening organizations.


Abstract Possible mechanisms of metal micropowders grinding during high-voltage electric discharge processing in hydrocarbon liquid are considered in the present paper. Conditions for melting of Fe and Ti powder particles in plasma discharge channel and in microplasma channels between particles are found out. Regularities of nanopores movement and electromagnetic particle compression are evaluated. It is shown that the current density in the discharge channel is an important parameter, allowing the assessment of the efficiency of the electrodischarge dispersion of metal particles.


The Future of Meetings (TFOM) began as a symposium dedicated to exploring the future of interaction in 2020, framed around key themes of accessibility, inclusivity, sustainability and technology, and with its roots in the astronomy community. Throughout our work in TFOM, it has been clear that the standard meeting practices taken for granted as a given in astronomy (and science) have long been inaccessible to many, creating a "normal" that is both exclusive and unsustainable. Conversely, the rapid advances in effective online means of communicating and collaborating open up a wealth of new possibilities for redefining what is required to succeed in astronomy, from the ground up. In this proceeding, we outline the lessons learned from and core recommendations of TFOM, specifically in the context of accessibility and inclusivity in astronomy. In the wake of pandemic disruption, we have a unique chance to rewrite the fabric of collaboration within our field. By doing so, we can establish new attraction and retention practices, maximising inclusivity while minimising environmental harm at a critical turning point for our long term survival as a species.


A robust hydrological assessment can be a challenging task in regions where a lack of data, of sufficient quality, is available to fully validate analysis. This level of uncertainty is heightened in studies of flood hydrology for tropical regions, where spatio-temporal variation in rainfall can be significant and the associated timing of flooding can be challenging to determine. The Tchivouba catchment, situated within the Republic of Congo, was used as a basis for the study of flood hydrology in the tropics, and the methods presented in this paper aim at reducing uncertainty in instances of data scarcity in similar settings.


P2P networks were new stars of 21 century and they were widely used in nowadays networks.It was factually an overlay network for distributed object store,search and sharing. But P2P networks frequently lacked of dependability, some peer nodes could be easily lost.So it was very important to study the architecture and frangibility of p2p networks and know the characteristics when nodes invalidated or suffered intentionally attacked which would be good used in future. In this paper, we presented a small world architecture for P2P networks for information discovery, peer nodes freely linked to each other in intergroups and not every peer node needed to be connected to remote groups and also could easily find the information in remote peer node via some leader peer nodes. And analyzed the frangibility of Gnutella networks, including suffered random failure, degree attack and betweenness attack. And fully study the frangibility of p2p networks base on small world architecture (SWAN),From our analysis and simulation, the small world architecture for p2p networks had the same characters as small world networks, and could achieve good performance in both static and dynamic environments.And the SWAN was best fault tolerance when suffered randomly attack, but worst fault tolerance when suffered hostility attack compared with the ER model. And also the frangibility of p2p networks base on small world architecture was analyzed theoretically and a closed-form solution for average size of clusters was given which before the largest size of cluster had appeared.


Nanofibers are a ubiquitous structural motif in a variety of functional materials. In the field of organic electronics, π–π-stacking of conjugated polymers leads to fibrillar morphologies with a wide array of fiber packing behavior. Fiber orientation and alignment are known to influence the charge transport properties of devices such as organic field effect transistors. The solution processing methods used to create these devices give rise to large variations in these structural parameters—however, they are only observable with imaging techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM). To bring more rigorous quantification of orientation and alignment to these materials, a comprehensive image analysis tool is introduced to quantify the two-dimensional orientation and alignment of nanofibers from AFM images. It has been developed in MATLAB and packaged as a stand-alone application, so that researchers with no computational expertise can produce publication-ready figures directly from their images. AFM frequ...


Ngoc Nguyen, Volcanic forests:structure, composition and distribution Winner – CABAH ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage VYT local competition (2021)


There is a growing focus on digitisation, datafication, automation and artificial intelligence in migration studies. This report reviews accounts of these technological innovations with a particular emphasis on their impacts for how migration is conceived and governed. The discussion overviews research that identifies and describes forms of digitisation and datafication, examines the role of automation and artificial intelligence in migration management, and discusses the links between and ethics of digitally mediated migrations and digital solidarities with mobile people. In closing, the report raises questions about the intellectual and political agenda of a purported sub-field of digital migration studies.


The principle and characteristics of AnMBR,and also the comparison of AnMBR and conventional anaerobic bioreactor are studied in the paper.The main disadvantages and developing orientation are put forward.Then come into the conclusion that AnMBR can be further developed in wastewater treatment in the future.


A study of the regeneration of an afromontane forest was carried out in Mgahinga Gorilla National Park (MGNP), south-western Uganda. The area landscape has been subjected to agricultural encroachment for the last 50 years. The landscape was changed by terracing and removing the indigenous vegetation and replacing it with exotic tree species. Stratified random sampling was employed in sampling the vegetation. There was a significant difference in species richness and density in the three habitat types. The natural forest supported the highest stem density (75%) and the lowest stem density (4%) was recorded under exotic woodlots. Seedlings (<2 cm, diameter at breast height) accounted for the majority of juveniles in the three habitats. The natural forest had the highest density (24,625 seedlings ha−1) and exotic woodlots supported the lowest stem density (1350 seedlings ha−1). The level of regeneration in the encroachment area is influenced by the intensity of cultivation and soil nutrients. The advanced growth beneath the exotic woodlots, especially black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) and Eucalyptus sp. stands is relatively impoverished. This condition beneath the exotic species suggests that a low diverse community of native species is able to exploit this environment.


The common problem in the southern zone of Peru is the occurrence of landslides, due to the incorrect use of water sources, precipitations, oversaturation of the soils caused by the increase in pore pressure, by the use of channels not coated.The integration of information is in accordance with the field analysis carried out, through the inspection in the critical zone of the study area, the evaluation led to the generation of numerical scenarios with the SLIDE 6.0 software, to obtain the slope safety factors with the support installation.The application of the numerical model in the software has allowed establishing an approximation of the static safety factor of 0.97 and 1.4 with the installation of the geotextile.


This thesis studies the influence of construction materials on the life-cycle energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of medium sized low energy consumption commercial buildings. When describing buildings by materials, there is a tendency to label them according to the main structural material used. However, the vast majority of commercial buildings use a large number of materials. Hence it is not clear which materials or combinations of materials can achieve the best performance, in terms of lifecycle energy use and CO2 emissions. The buildings analysed here were based on an actual six-storey 4250m2 (gross floor area) building, with a mixed-mode ventilation system, currently under construction at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch. While the actual building is being constructed in concrete, the author has designed two further versions in which the structures and finishes are predominantly steel or timber. Despite having different structural materials, large quantities of finishes materials are common to all three buildings; large glazed curtain walls and sun louvers, stairs balustrade and most of the offices internal finishes. A fourth building was also produced in which all possible common finishes' of the timber building were replaced by timber components. This building is labelled as Timber-plus and was included to assess the difference of the three initial 'common finishes' buildings against a building that might be expected to have a low or even negative total embodied CO2 emission in structure and finishes. In order to highlight the influence of materials, each building was designed to have a similar indoor climate with roughly the same amount of operational energy for heating and cooling over its full life. Both energy use and CO2 emissions have been assessed over three main stages in the life (and potential environmental impact) of a building: initial production of the building materials (initial embodied energy and initial embodied CO2 emissions); operation of the building (mainly in terms of its energy use); and the refurbishment and maintenance of the building materials over the building's effective life (recurrent embodied energy and CO2 emissions). Calculation of embodied energy and embodied CO2 emissions are based on materials' estimates undertaken by a Quantity Surveyor. DesignBuilder software was used to estimate whole life-cycle energy used and CO2 emitted in the operation of the buildings over a period of 60 years. Two different methods for embodied energy and embodied CO2 calculation were applied to the four buildings. The first method was by multiplying the volume of each material in the schedule calculated by the Quantity Surveyor by the New Zealand specific coefficients of embodied energy and embodied CO2 produced by Andrew Alcorn (2003). The second method was analysing the same schedule of materials with GaBi professional LCA software. Materials' inventories in GaBi are average German industry data collected by PE Europe between 1996 and 2004 (Alcorn, 2003; Nebel & Love, 2008). The energy results of the thesis show that when using the Alcorn coefficients, the total embodied energy (initial plus recurrent embodied energy) averaged 23% and operating energy consumption averaged 77% of the total life-cycle energy consumption for the four buildings. Using the GaBi coefficients, total embodied energy averaged 19% and operating energy consumption averaged 81% of the total life-cycle energy consumption of the four buildings. Using the Alcorn coefficients, the difference between the highest (steel building) and lowest (timber-plus building) life-cycle energy consumption represents a 22% increment of the highest over the lowest. Using the GaBi coefficients, the difference between the lowest (timber-plus building) and the highest (timber building) life-cycle energy consumption represents a 15% increment of the highest over the lowest. The CO2 results shows that when using the Alcorn coefficients, the total embodied CO2 emissions averaged 7% and operating CO2 emissions averaged 93%. Using the GaBi coefficients, total embodied CO2 emissions averaged 16% and operating CO2 emissions averaged 84% of the life-cycle CO2 emissions of the four buildings. Using the Alcorn coefficients, the difference between the highest (steel building) and lowest (timber-plus building) life-cycle CO2 emissions represents a 27% increment of the highest over the lower. Using the GaBi coefficients, the difference between the highest (timber building) and the lowest (timber-plus building) lifecycle CO2 emissions represents a 9% increment of the highest over the lowest. While for the case of embodied energy the Alcorn results averaged 32% higher than the GaBi, in the case of embodied CO2 the Alcorn results averaged 62% lower than the GaBi. Major differences in the results produced when using the two different sets of embodied energy and CO2 coefficients are due mainly to their different approaches to the CO2 sequestration in timber materials. While the Alcorn coefficients account for the CO2 sequestration of timber materials, the GaBi coefficients do not. This is particularly noteworthy as the CO2 sequestration of timber has been neglected in previous research. It was established that embodied energy can significantly influence the life-cycle energy consumption and CO2 emissions of contemporary low energy buildings. Using the Alcorn coefficients, the steel building embodied the equivalent of 27 years of operating energy consumption and 12 years of operating CO2 emissions. At the other end of the spectrum the timber-plus building embodied the equivalent of 11 years of operating energy consumption and has stored the equivalent of 3.6 years of operating CO2 emissions. Using the GaBi coefficients, the steel building embodied the equivalent of 19 years of operating energy consumption and 14 years of operating CO2 emissions, while the timber-plus building embodied the equivalent of 8 years of operating energy consumption and 8 years of operating CO2 emissions. These findings are of significance, for example, in the assessment and weighting of the embodied energy and embodied CO2 components of building sustainable rating tools.


The study was about to find out the impact of cable television network on children's socialization. The main objective of the study was to determine the relationship between violent programs and aggression among children as well as to find out the affects of cable television on children's educational outcome. The population of the present study was parents from District Sargodha and multistage sampling technique was used for the selection of tehsil, union councils as well as respondents by adopting simple random sampling technique and convenient sampling technique at different stages. The data was collected by structured questionnaire and SPSS was used for data analysis. The data was analyzed by univariate analysis and bi-variate analysis i.e., chi-square test was applied for hypothesis testing. Results showed that cable television is highly influenced on the socialization of the children as violent behavior is caused due to greater exposure to violent programs. It is also found that it becomes the reason of reducing parent-children interaction pattern due to greater interest in spending time while watching television programs. It is also found that it is a cause of learning uncultured language/words from that programs and children could not pay proper attention on their educational performance as well.


Of all the observable quantities for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), one of the most important is Epeak. Epeak is defined as the peak of the νFν power spectrum from the prompt emission. While Epeak has been extensively used in the past, for example with luminosity indicators, it has not been thoroughly examined for possible sources of scatter. In the literature, the reported error bars for Epeak are the simple Poisson statistical errors. Additional uncertainties arise due to the choices made by analysts in determining Epeak (e.g., the start and stop times of integration), imperfect knowledge of the response of the detector, different energy ranges for various detectors, and differences in models used to fit the spectra. We examine the size of these individual sources of scatter by comparing many independent pairs of published Epeak values for the same bursts. Indeed, the observed scatter in multiple reports of the same burst (often with the same data) is greatly larger than the published statistical error bars. We measure that the 1σ uncertainty associated with the analyst's choices is 28%, i.e., 0.12 in log10(Epeak), with the resultant errors always being present. The errors associated with the detector response are negligibly small. The variations caused by commonly used alternative definitions of Epeak (such as present in all papers and in all compiled burst lists) are typically 23%–46%, although this varies substantially with the application. The implications of this are: (1) Even the very best measured Epeak values will have systematic uncertainties of 28%. (2) Thus, GRBs have a limitation in accuracy for a single event, with this being reducible by averaging many bursts. (3) The typical 1σ total uncertainty for collections of bursts is 55%. (4) We also find that the width of the distribution for Epeak in the burst frame must be near zero, implying that some mechanism must exist to thermostat GRBs. (5) Our community can only improve on this situation by using collections of bursts which all have identical definitions for the Epeak calculation.


One of the problems concerning implementation of information protection systems is the choice of the optimal multi-criteria options, taking into account the stochastic nature of the interaction parameters and the usage of non-numeric, incomplete and inexact information. The application of the modified method of randomized aggregate indicators is considered. A model for the influence of information security on the change of the company competitiveness is proposed. The paper deals with determination of quantitative changes in the company competitiveness after implementation of the optimization variant of information protection system. An example of this model application at the particular enterprise is given. A comparison of planned and actual values is done. The validity of the criterion used in selecting the variants of data protection system is confirmed.


Purpose Music therapy is widely used to enhance well-being, reduce pain, and distract patients from unpleasant symptoms in the clinical setting. However, the degree to which music modulates pain perception is unknown. The medial pain pathway including the limbic system is associated with emotion, but how music alters pathway activity is unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate pain thresholds and pain-related responses in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and whether they were modulated when subjects listened to their favorite music genre. Subjects and Methods First, 30 subjects were examined for left forearm pain threshold using electrical stimulation with Pain Vision PS-2011N. The pain thresholds with and without music were compared. Second, when an 80-μA current from Pain Vision was applied to the left ankle of eight women, the pain-related responses of the ACC with and without music were observed with functional magnetic resonance device (fMRI). The changes in the pain-related activity in both parameters were discussed. Results The median pain threshold with favorite music was 38.9 μA, compared to 29.0 μA without, which was significantly different (p<0.0001). The men's thresholds were significantly higher than women's both with music (p<0.05) and without music (p<0.01). The pain threshold in women was more strongly affected by music than in men. The fMRI results showed that the pain-related response in the ACC in five of eight subjects was attenuated while they listened to their favorite music. No change was observed in the other three subjects. Conclusion The present findings suggest that pain perception might be strongly affected by listening to favorite music, possibly through modulation of pain-related responses in the ACC.


Forthcoming cosmic microwave background experiments (CMB) will provide precise new tests of structure-formation theories. The geometry of the Universe may be determined robustly, and the classical cosmological parameters, such as the cosmological constant, baryon density, and Hubble constant, may be determined as well. In addition, the ``inflationary observables,'' which parameterize the shapes and amplitudes of the primordial spectra of density perturbations and long-wavelength gravitational waves produced by inflation, may also be measured and thus provide several new tests of inflation. Although most attention has focussed on the more easily observed temperature anisotropies, recent work has shown that the CMB polarization provides a wealth of unique information that may be especially important for determination of the inflationary observables. Secondary anisotropies at small angular scales produced by re-scattering of photons from partial reionization may be used to constrain the ionization history of the Universe.


Abstract INTRODUCTION NITRATE and/or nitrite toxicity or poisoning has been the subject of extensive studies over the years. Numerous articles have appeared with information on reduction of nitrate to nitrite by micro-organisms and higher plants, Kurup and Vaidyanathan (1964). Conversion of nitrate to nitrite has, also, been reported in whole herbage, Jones and Griffith (1965). Perhaps the earliest recorded account of nitrate toxicity in animals was made by Mayo (1895) when he reported high mortality in range cattle fed corn stalks. Some forty years later Bradley et al. (1942) encountered similar problems when they fed oat hay to calves. It has now been established that these conditions only occur on the range when there is a large amount of nitrate present in the soil or when some other factors interfere with the normal processes of the plant. Experimental results of recent years have produced evidence of retarded growth in cattle, Weichenthal . . .


Phosphorus (P) nutrition is essential to both plant yield and soil organic matter (SOM) input. However, continuous extraction of P by plants and biomass harvesting can lead to soil P stock depletion, a reduction in crop yields and ultimately a reduction in organic matter input to the soil. In this work, we analysed P, C and N stock trends in the 0-30 cm topsoil layer cultivated with permanent cropland (CC) and mowed permanent grassland (GG) for 13 years. In addition, we characterized the changes in P organic forms by using 31P-NMR. The results showed that the amount of P exported within 13 years was 10% greater in GG than in CC (295 and 268 kg ha-1, respectively). The total P stocks decreased under both the CC and GG management systems (0.30 and 0.25 Mg ha-1, respectively). This depletion was mainly observed in total Pi forms, which recorded reductions of 0.75 and 0.29 Mg ha-1 in GG and CC, respectively. The total Po stock increased by 42.6% in GG; these results were consistent with the increase in C and N stocks in GG (2.6 and 0.19 Mg ha-1, respectively) and their reduction in CC (-4.2 and -0.38 Mg ha-1, respectively). Although P depletion mainly affected the P pool presenting the highest lability (labile P), this depletion did not have a negative effect on plant yield after 13 years due to the buffering capacity of P pools presenting less lability (moderately labile P). Mowing permanent grasslands led to a change in the pool of labile P from inorganic to organic forms and an increase in soil C and N stocks. Based on the 31P-NMR technique, permanent grasslands significantly reduced α-glycerophosphate and increased myo-IHP and adenosine monophosphate more than the permanent cropland. Although there was no significant decrease in productivity, the depletion of available P should be monitored over time, especially in mown permanent grassland crops, to prevent potential nutrient stress.


In patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), the sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitor (iSGLT2) dapagliflozin has recently been shown to reduce the risk of worsening heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes in the DAPA-HF trial. Results of iSGLT2 in HF with preserved LVEF are awaited. Our goal was to investigate how many patients in a real-world setting would be eligible for dapagliflozin according to the DAPA-HF criteria.

 This is a single-center retrospective study enrolling consecutive patients followed in an HF Clinic from 2013 to 2019. The key DAPA-HF inclusion criteria [i.e., Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) <40% and NT-proBNP >600pg/mL (or >900pg/ml if AF)] and exclusion criteria [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30ml/kg/1.73m2, systolic blood pressure (SBP) <95mmHg] were considered.

 Overall, 479 patients (mean age 75.7±12.8 years; 50.4% male; 78.8% with hypertension; 45.0% with an eGFR <60ml/min/1.73m2; 36.5% with type 2 diabetes mellitus; 33.5% ischaemic HF) were assessed. Of these, 155 (33.2%) patients had LVEF <40%. Patients had a mean SBP of 131±28 mmHg, a median eGFR of 48 (IQR 33–65) ml/min/m2 and a NT-proBNP of 2183 (IQR 1010–5310) pg/mL Overall, according to the DAPA-HF trial key criteria, 88 patients (18.3%) would be eligible for dapagliflozin. The remainder would be excluded due to a LVEF>40% (67.5%), eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73m2 (19.4%), NT-proBNP <600 pg/mL (or <900 pg/mL if AF) (16.7%) and/or SBP <90mmHg (2.1%) (figure 1). If we limit the analysis to those with a LVEF <40%, 56.7% would be eligible for dapagliflozin. The remainder would be excluded due to a eGFR <30ml/kg/1.73m2 (20%), NT-proBNP <600 pg/mL (or <900 pg/mL if AF) (16.1%) and/or SBP <90mmHg (8.4%) (figure 1).

 Roughly one in every five patients in our real-world HF cohort would be eligible to start dapagliflozin according to the key criteria of the DAPA-HF trial. The main reason for non-eligibility was a LVEF >40%. These findings highlight the urgent need for disease-modifying drugs in mid-range and preserved LVEF. The results of ongoing iSGLT2 trials in these LVEF subgroups are eagerly awaited.

 Type of funding source: None


Abstract This paper examines the limited literature on narcissistic personality disorder in children, addressing the relevance of the concept of 'personality' or enduring and consistent traits during childhood. Children are formally viewed by most diagnostic criteria as lacking consolidated personalities. Still, some children present with consistent patterns of behavior like those defining the adult disorder. Psychodynamic and other theories that help us understand narcissistic disorders in childhood and their treatment are then examined. These theories are heavily developmental and descriptive in focus, with much less attention to treatment. A case example of a challenging, often silent child who denied most difficulties is offered to illustrate treatment challenges. Recommendations for clinicians treating children who have narcissistic disorders conclude the article.


Objective: Myocardial ischemia is an acute condition that, if not treated in a timely manner, produces the loss of heart tissue which can lead to heart failure or death of the patients. Our group has studied fibrates, exogenous ligands of PPAR, as an alternative to reduce processes associated with inflammation and we interested to know the exogenous ligand effect over damage in the cardiac tissue by RAS system. To study the effect of PPAR alpha ligand; clofibrate, on renin angiotensin system and on the structural morphology of the heart in myocardial infarcted subjects. Design and method: Male Wistar rats were separated in two groups: 1.- Sham, 2.- Myocardial infarct by coronary artery ligation. Seven days after, the rats were subdivided in vehicle (Vh)- or clofibrate treatment (Clof 100 mg/kg/day) administered for seven more days. At the end of the treatment (14 days in total), serum and left ventricle were analyzed. Results: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), AT1 receptor and Ang II decreased in MI-Clof vs. MI-Vh, whereas non-classic RAS system components: ACE2, AT2 receptor, bradykinin, and Ang-(1–7) augmented in MI-Clof with respect to MI-Vh. VEGF also raised in clofibrate-treated animals. Clofibrate treatment preserved the structure of the sarcomere (fiber). Conclusions: Clofibrate treatment to MI rats exerts an antifibrotic effect and augmented the expression of non-classical axis of RAS system.


In the investigation of the morphosyntactic development of the English verb, this study examines whether or not the cognitive neuroscience has any role in the acquisition of the inflectional category by L2 learners from the beginning, that is, if the functional category I exists in L2 grammars from the earliest stages which is guided by some pre-programmed sequence guided by mental cognition. Furthermore, this study will also reveal some striking facts from Urdu pronouns which show some acquisition problems in the syntactic representation of English grammar. We adopted the hypotheses that the acquisition of the English inflectional morphology develops in brain similarly across all L2 learners in which the functional category I is present in the L2 grammars from the beginning, but the features [+tense, +agr] of I develop separately over time. The study of syntactic development proceeds with the framework of the Government-Binding Theory (Chomsky 1981, 1986). The data were drawn from random sample of 240 normally distributed population learning English as their second language cross-sectionally (from different groups of L2 learners, where each group was exposed to a specific teaching time, that is, of interest for us) in classes at school. Introduction This study is concerned with the existence of the elements of the English verb system such as copula be, auxiliaries, past tense inflection –ed, 3rd person singular -s, do-support, and infinitival particle to by Pakistani children. In Chomsky's Government and Binding theory (1981, 1986) these elements are seen belonging to a functional phrase I (Inflection), formerly abbreviated to INFL. The interest of this study is in exploring the syntactic representation of functional category I over time. We gathered data from Urdu speakers learning English as a second language in Pakistan. The data were elicited through Imitation, Grammaticality Judgement, Interview, and Picture Story tests from 240 cross-sectional studies. L2 learners were exposed to


Poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) film was synthesized via a soluble precursor poly-mer. Strong fluorescence at 500-600nm was observed in both precursor and PPV film.Room-temperature conductivity of PPV film doped with FeCl_3 depends on the eliminationtemperature, the concentration of FeCl_3 and doping time. The maximum conductivity ofdoped PPV at room-temperature can reach about 40 S·cm~(-1). The temperature depen-dence of conductivity was controlled by 1D-VRH (1 Dimension Variable Range Hopping)model with T_0 value of 3.9×10~3 K. Non-Ohmic conductivity resulting from Schottky effectwas observed and the value of converted voltage from Ohmic region into non-Ohmic regionat the current-voltage characteristic was found to be dependent upon the work function ofelectrodes.


We use Bayesian statistics and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques to construct dynamical models for the spiral galaxy NGC 6503. The constraints include surface brightness (SB) profiles which display a Freeman Type II structure; H i and ionized gas rotation curves; the stellar rotation, which is nearly coincident with the ionized gas curve; and the line of sight stellar dispersion, which displays a σ-drop at the center. The galaxy models consist of a Sérsic bulge, an exponential disk with an optional inner truncation and a cosmologically motivated dark halo. The Bayesian/MCMC technique yields the joint posterior probability distribution function for the input parameters, allowing constraints on model parameters such as the halo cusp strength, structural parameters for the disk and bulge, and mass-to-light ratios. We examine several interpretations of the data: the Type II SB profile may be due to dust extinction, to an inner truncated disk, or to a ring of bright stars, and we test separate fits to the gas and stellar rotation curves to determine if the gas traces the gravitational potential. We test each of these scenarios for bar stability, ruling out dust extinction. We also find that the gas likely does not trace the gravitational potential, since the predicted stellar rotation curve, which includes asymmetric drift, is then inconsistent with the observed stellar rotation curve. The disk is well fit by an inner-truncated profile, but the possibility of ring formation by a bar to reproduce the Type II profile is also a realistic model. We further find that the halo must have a cuspy profile with γ ≳ 1; the bulge has a lower M/L than the disk, suggesting a star-forming component in the center of the galaxy; and the bulge, as expected for this late-type galaxy, has a low Sérsic index with nb ∼ 1–2, suggesting a formation history dominated by secular evolution.


The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of electrolyzed reduced water (ERW) on blood components and electrolytes, as well as elected tissues on mice. The mice were supplied either tap water (control group) and ERW (experimental group) for two months. There were no significant different between two groups anatomically and physiologically. In the blood electrolyte study, the experimental group had less Na and BUN compared to the control group. In the blood component study, the experimental group had less neutrophiles and the control group had more lymphocytes. In histological study, no tissue changes were noticed in various organs, including the stomach, small intestine, heart, and liver tissues. In conclusion, ERW has no noticable side affects on blood and organ tissues, and might be safe to a living body.


To evaluate in‐hospital and short‐term outcomes of percutaneous mitral valve repair according to patients' logistic EuroSCORE (logEuroSCORE) in a multicenter registry


This research discusses archetypal in the novel Dracula written by Stoker. The purpose of this research is to find out some archetypal images in the novel. Some of the problems that exist today are readers who do not know the meaning of archetypal images contained in a novel. The data used in this study were taken from the novel Dracula written by Stoker. In this research, the researcher applies Carl Jung's theory. This study uses descriptive qualitative research, in qualitative research the key concepts, ideas, and processes studied are part of the central phenomenon. The result of this research is that the novel Dracula has many archetypal images contained in it. The archetypes in Dracula are: sun, color, the archetype women, and wise old man. Based on the results of this study, the researcher concludes that there are several archetypes in Dracula's novel that are used to convey implied meanings through the symbols used.


This study proposes a novel controllable reflection-enhancement metasurface (CREM) design method to amplify electromagnetic (EM) signals in a reflective manner. In contrast to previous passive structures, a field-effect transistor (FET) amplification circuit is integrated into the unit cell of a reflective metasurface. The FET circuit amplification shows that the metasurface can magnify the reflected wave intensity. A CREM composed of FET-connected dual-patch unit cells is designed for the specific implementation of the proposed method. The simulation and experimental results indicate that an apparent gain can be achieved in the operating band. Moreover, the reflection coefficient can be edited as required by the amplification level of the FET circuit. The tunable range of the reflection amplitude is approximately 10 dB. Different from the traditional signal amplifier, signal amplification is achieved herein in a reflective manner, which simplifies the amplification process and provides a new method of controlling EM waves. Our work provides an effective route to reflection enhancement and enables the design of devices and systems for real-world applications on demand.


Based on the hardest refractory stone coal containing vanadium from Guangxi,China,the leaching rate of vanadium under the condition of recirculating fluidized roasting and pressure leaching was studied.The results indicate that the leaching rate of vanadium of blank fluidized roasting is higher than that of the sodium treated one under the same acid-leaching condition.The systematic technical comparative research on roasting and leaching indicates that this stone coal is indeed the hardest refractory one because the mineral can only obtain the highest leaching rate of vanadium if it is treated by recirculating fluidized roasting and pressure leaching.Under the condition that the volume ratio of H2SO4 to HF is 1:1 and the mass fraction of MnO2 addition is 3%,the best acid leaching requirement of the recirculating fluidized blank roasting sample is that the ratio of liquid to solid is 1:1,the leaching temperature is 150 ℃,and the leaching time is 6 h.The leaching rate of vanadium can be up to 98.11%.Meanwhile,the pressure leaching kinetic model,the leaching control step and the leaching apparent activation energy of the recirculating fluidized blank roasting sample were studied.The discharging problem of harmful gas like Cl2 and HCl from sodium treated roasting can be avoided by using recirculating fluidized blank roasting.Based on the innovational application of the roasting reaction device,the exploration of experimental techniques will provide some references and judgments for the industrial utilization of the hardest refractory stone coal.


of text would correspond in one-to-one fashion a reading practice. But to reduce literary theories of genre to that view is an impoverishment of their subtlety. In particular, Pappa takes no account of those theories that do not treat genre as a simple given but consider it to be a set of constraints on the readerly construction of meaning. The theory of genre developed by Anne Freadman and like-minded scholars draws attention to textual matters that ought to have been of great interest to Pappa. By turning away from all study of genre, he has missed the opportunity to consider how some texts bear the generic marks of particular reading practices. Indeed, the reflexive provision of instructions for reading erotic texts and fictive demonstrations of such reading can properly be considered features of libertine fiction. This is where theme meets genre and where a historian of reading has something to learn from literary studies. Representations of erotic reading were standard fare in the writings of Crébillon fils, but when Pappa quotes Crébillon's Le Sopha he does not allow that there might be differences of genre between Crébillon's novel and Richardson's Pamela (46). Yet there is a significant generic difference between them that is also a thematic one. Crébillon's text is self-consciously a divertimento, an amusing way of passing the time. It claims no moral purpose, and the absence of that claim is itself an implicit instruction to readers, whereas Richardson's novel is framed by an edifying discourse of feminine morality and resourcefulness. Both texts can be called erotic, but an account of the ostensibly divergent reading practices inscribed in them would seem to call for some consideration of genre. Overall, Pappa's book is a thoughtful and valuable study. It will reward the close attention of historians.


This Events and Sightings department article covers the opening reception at the Paul Allen's Living Computer Museum in Seattle, Washington, the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEEJ) technical meeting on the "History of Electrical Engineering," and recent events at the Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ) 75th national convention.


The approval of the new LDB in 1996 (National Law for Educational Guidelines and Bases) led to the elaboration of the "Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais-DCN (National Curricular Guidelines) focused on abilities allowing the physician to perform his profession facing up to the new technologies and to the challenges posed by the development of the Unified Health System (SUS). The purpose of this specific article that contributes to the data collected for a broader research project supported by the National Research Council (grant number 474.029/2003-04) was to analyze the implantation of the DCN in Parana by verifying the characteristics of medical education. The study involved a qualitative approach and content analysis. A survey of university level institutions offering medical courses was performed. Data were collected by means of questionnaires and based on information obtained from the Political Pedagogical Programs (PPP). Two courses presented implantation of the DCN to an advanced degree, one showed initiatives towards implantation of some aspects and two other courses followed quite traditional curricular formats. The obtained data suggest that there is motivation towards the innovation of medial education in Parana, expressed by curricula inspired by a number of principles contained in the DCN.


Abstract A strategy for the ecofriendly and high‐yielding synthesis of ubiquinones starting from simple materials and using mild conditions is reported. CoQ1, CoQ2, CoQ3, and CoQ9 were prepared.


The anti-aging effects of the rare-earth metals nanoparticles have been studied on the 18-21-month-old rat males. It was shown that the nanoparticles of Gadolinium Ortovanadate activated by Europium (GdVO4 : Еu3+) in a dose of 0.33 mg/kg during chronic using (70 days) have demonstrated the anti-aging effects on the old male's reproductive function manifested by the increasing the sex hormone level and activating the spermatogenesis.


This paper analyzes the taxation of capital income in Burundi by performing calculations of the marginal effective tax rates (METRs) on a wide variety of alternative investments under the current tax system. The calculations identify the individual and cumulative effects of (i) the business and individual income taxes, (ii) property taxes, (iii) transactions taxes, (iv) customs duties, (v) tax holidays, (vi) preferential business income tax rates, and (vii) the special treatment of partnership income. METRs are also calculated in the presence of income tax evasion. The analysis provides an indication of the extent to which the tax system in Burundi distorts investment allocation decisions across assets (and thus across business sectors) and among alternative methods of finance. It also provides estimates of the overall level of taxation of various forms of capital income, and demonstrates how the effects of the tax system on investment incentives vary with changes in the expected rate of inflation. In addition, the paper briefly describes the advantages and disadvantages of the METR approach; it argues that METR analysis provides a convenient and intuitively appealing way of summarizing the net effects on investment incentives of complicated tax systems, and thus can serve as a useful input in discussions of potential tax reforms.


A B S T R A C T The mobile users are increasing enormously day by day and as the usage is increasing the security issues related to mobile devices has also become important issue and research area. This paper proposes a method which will increase the security of user information to one more level. In this technique a combination of user's location, WIFI and Bluetooth details will be used to hide or unhide the applications in a mobile device.


With the development of society, the demand for reliable uninterruptible power sources is increasing. At the same time, with the improvement of people's life and environment protection, the developing of clean, environmental, reliable and inexpensive new energy sources has become a new research hotspot in the world. Highway infrastructure has good potential to develop renewable energy in addition to the transport function. Based on the energy loss caused by the transformation of kinetic energy into potential energy when the vehicle passes through the deceleration strip, a set of green mechanical power generation equipment is designed by introducing compressed air energy storage technology. The design scheme and working principle of the equipment are described and analyzed, and the prototype of the equipment is manufactured. The power generation efficiency of the equipment is tested by loading test, and the design and operation parameters of the equipment are optimized accordingly. The energy generated by 50000 loading tests is 0.123kw·h, which preliminarily realizes the development and utilization of potential road energy.


A radioimmunoconjugate containing the recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab labeled with the radioisotope zirconium Zr 89 with radioisotopic activity and potential use as an imaging agent. T he trastuzumab moiety of zirconium Zr 89 trastuzumab binds with high affinity to the extracellular domain of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Upon binding, the radioisotope moiety may be detected using positron emission tomography (PET ), thereby allowing the imaging and quantification of HER2-expressing tumor cells. HER2, a tyrosine kinase client protein of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), may be overexpressed on the cell surfaces of various tumor cell types. Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020


We have previously shown that the protein expression profile and especially the activation state of apoptosis and STP proteins are highly prognostic in AML. The development of RPPA permits a more comprehensive analysis of protein expression and phosphorylation (phos) patterns in the STP and apoptotic cascades. We have generated a screening array using protein derived from the leukemia enriched fraction of 94 primary AML samples (with 21 concurrent blood and marrow specimens), comprised equally of patients that were primary refractory (PrimRef), or that achieved complete remission that was continuous (CCR) or which relapsed after 6 to 24 months (REL). These slides have been probed with 22 total and 15 phos-specific antibodies (ABs) against apoptosis and STP proteins. Spot intensities were quantified using MicroVigene and the data for each protein standardized data by subtracting the mean expression levels across samples and dividing by the standard deviation. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis on the proteins was performed. We found one small cluster of 5 proteins: Cyclin D1, β-catenin, phos-NMP, p53, and AMPK. The remaining proteins formed another cluster, with a subset of 8 proteins somewhat further separated. In several cases (mTOR, JNK, and PTEN) the total protein amounts clustered as nearest neighbors to the phos version of the same protein. Using perturbation bootstrap resampling to assess the significance of clusters we found 4 reproducible clusters and the structure suggests additional clusters in this data set. A Fisher exact test showed that these were significantly associated with response (p = 0.03) and with the prognostic category defined by cytogenetics (p = 0.04) but was not associated with the source (blood vs. marrow) of the sample (p = 0.67). Ten proteins were differentially expressed between cytogenetically defined prognostic groups: total and phospho AKT, PTEN and JNK, p-mTOR, p-STAT3, pp38 and PS6.p24.44 (all with P


This Study focused on measuring the alignment of AIS requirement and AIS capacity among SMEs in Malaysia and then investigated the link between AIS aligment and performance.Using a mail questionnaire,data from 310 firms was collected on nineteen accounting information characteristics so that AIS requirement and AIS capacity could be compared.The results indicated that a significant proportion of Malaysian SMEs had achieved high AIS alignment.Furthermore,the group of SMEs with high AIS alignment had achieved better organisational performance than firm with low AIS alignment.The findings provided evidence of the importance of AIS alignment and deepened current understanding of the requirements for accounting information and the use of IT as an information processing mechanism.More importantly,it opens up possibilities for further study of AIS alignment in SMEs,both in Malaysia and on a global basis.


Drag and torque analysis before spud-in is the important basis for feasibility study, rig equipment selection or upgrade, and well profile optimization design for extended-reach wells. Through comparison between the predicted and the actual drag and torque values, the wellbore cleaning can be monitored, so as to prevent serious accidents, whereby a new mechanical analysis model for analyzing torque and drag in extended reach wells was presented herein on the basis of the former research results. The new model has two significant characteristics. First, different computing models are applied for sections with different well curvature or drill string stiffness to improve the calculation accuracy. Second, there is no need to choose the appropriate computing models by operators,the program will decide, this will improve the adaptability of this analysis model. The new model program takes into consideration the effects of stabilizers in BHA(bottom hole assembly), the weighted residual method is used to do the mechanical analysis, by taking into consideration the variation in the stiffness of drill string, the well inclination and the azimuth, a soft-string model or a stiff-string model can be automatically chosen for the remainder of the drill string.


This article is aim to disclose the principle of the differential of Islamic laws system between al-Tufi's thought and Anglo Saxon concidering sociological jurisprudence from the thought of Roscoe Pound about the rule of general demand toward long reactualization. General demand according to al-Tufi's is the realization from maqashid al-shariah concept. If the general demand orders law reactualization could be down although seems to take opposite of the nash will. Further more at expresses bravely that social demand is the goal from Islamic law while commandement and other Islamic Law verse are the method for realizing the goal. The same thing is briefly said by Roscoe Pound. But he addresses the actual change of Anglo Saxon law system committing to justice and maximum utility needs limitation like equity consuming limitation and the power to have equity limitation. Although we find the same perception about social demand concept but we still can find the difference in the scope of demonstration. Al-Thufi did not provide specific information, but we could guess that the establishment only limited to human rights (mu'amalah), and excluding the prerogative rights of Allah. On other hand we clarify the specific information toward social demand which needs the law actualization according to human social life dynamically.


Human Library,being as a new type of the library's reader service,has made certain progress in both theory and practice through 2 years' development.This paper introduces the origins of Human Library and its development in China,and based on this,puts forward some countermeasures for the chinization of Human library.


The invention provides a key expansion method and device. The method comprises the following steps: performing exclusive or on n first groups and n random numbers of an initial key respectively to obtain n second groups of the first key, wherein the kth random number is a mask corresponding to the kth second group of the first key, and k is greater than or equal to 1 and is smaller than or equal to n; performing preset nonlinear transformation on the nth second group of the first key and the mask corresponding to the nth second group of the first key as input values of the preset nonlinear transformation; taking a value which is obtained by performing exclusive or on the value obtained by performing preset linear transformation on the result of the preset nonlinear transformation, the first second group of the first key and the preset value as a first second group of a second key. According to the method and the device, the safety of the key can be improved.


Edward L. Schor, MD How can child health care providers best help parents with childrearing? If we are to improve children's health, development, and well-being, we need to lift our eyes from our focus on children and pay more attention to their parents' circumstances and behaviors. As a report from the AAP's Task Force on the Family notes, "The health and well-being of children are inextricably linked to their parents' physical, emotional and social health, social circumstances, and child-rearing practices." Although a great deal of attention has recently been brought to the topic of social determinants of children's health and to the biology of intergenerational transmission of the effects of stressful life events and experiences, the basic fact remains that children learn from their parents. Nearly everything that children experience, especially early in life, comes from their parents or other primary caregivers or is filtered through them. Later development builds on the scaffolding of this early experience. A pediatric encounter is typically a dyad—the child and parent(s) are both our patients. After child health care professionals do their work—histories and physical examinations, measuring and screening, assessing, diagnosing, prescribing, and recommending—the effectiveness of care almost always depends on subsequent actions by parents. Thus, shaping parents' behaviors should be considered an essential process and, importantly, a primary outcome of ambulatory pediatric care. This axiom applies to basic activities—such as teaching parents to administer acetaminophen or to raise a typically developing child—and to much more difficult topics, such as teaching a family to care for a child with a complex health condition. Yet, the health care system, from training to reimbursement, fails to support this fundamental role of pediatricians.


The technique statement of realization of the two-pole with losses by Foster is offered. The purpose of the technique is the formalization of the decision and considerably to simplify mathematical calculations, in comparison with Brune method.


The issue of alternative computer architectures has been topical since computer architecture exist. In particular, the question of what is new in a new architecturenever ceased to be germane. The last examples of this interest in CAN are the letter /1/ by P.J.Denning and the reply /2/ by K.Reed, I want to call the attention of the readers to still another new architecture which hopefully deserves this name. This architecture has been developed at the Technical Uni~ versity Braunschweig, FRG, in 1980 and it is called the "Computing Memory"~


Background: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare disease with variable but potentially devastating consequences. The prognostic importance of alterations in LV diastolic function is unclear.

Methods: Pregnancy Associated Cardiomyopathy cohort was a prospective study of 100 PPCM women from 30 centers presenting with LV ejection fraction (EF) < 45% within 2 months of delivery. Baseline data were mitral inflow E-wave, A-wave, E/A ratio, E deceleration time (DT), tissue Doppler septal and lateral annular velocities and biplane LA volume index. There were 90 PPCM patients and 21 female controls (8 healthy postpartum and 13 non-pregnant) with diastolic data. LV recovery was defined as LVEF ≥ 50% at 1 year. Outcome events were predefined as death, heart transplant or LV assist device (LVAD).

Results: PPCM patients were aged 30±6 years with EF 35±9% at presentation. At 1 year, 84 patients had follow-up data: 63 patients (75%) had LV recovery (EF ≥50%) and 11 patients (13%) had either LVEF ≤35% or a major event (4 LVADs and 2 deaths). Elevated filling pressures (E/A≥2 and DT<150ms) were present in 57% at baseline and persisted in 11% at last echo, p<0.0001. Abnormalities in baseline diastolic function were associated with clinical outcomes and lack of LV recovery: area under the ROC curve (AUC) for E/A 0.78, p=0.0002, AUC for DT 0.82, p<0.0001, AUC for LA volume index 0.79, p<0.0001. Diastolic measures were also predictive of persistent severe LV dysfunction (EF ≤35%) or unfavorable events: E/A, p<0.0001; DT, p<0.0001, and LA volume index, p=0.0001. By multivariate analysis, baseline diastolic function was independently associated with subsequent lack of LV recovery or unfavorable events (Table).

Conclusions: In PPCM patients, echo-Doppler measures of diastolic function at presentation provide important prognostic information regarding LV recovery and clinical outcomes.

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A left and right Noetherian local ring of global dimension 3 is a domain. It is well known that a commutative Noetherian local ring of finite global dimension is an integral domain. We will say that a noncommutative ring R is local if R/J is a division ring where J is the Jacobson radical. Ramras asks if a noncommutative local Noetherian ring of finite global dimension is a (noncommutative) domain [4]. He showed that the answer is positive if the global dimension of R is at most 2 and R is both left and right Noetherian. If one assumes right Noetherian only, then a counterexample has been constructed by Stafford in dimension 2 [2, p. 138]. Positive answers for left and right Noetherian rings have been obtained by Brown, Hajarnavis, and MacEacharn for A7?-rings of any finite dimension [1]. In this paper we improve on Ramras by showing that the answer is positive in dimension 3 for left and right Noetherian rings. We make use of the notion of Krull dimension of a module as defined by Rentschler and Gabriel [3]. C(N) will denote the elements of the ring R regular modulo the ideal TV. THEOREM. A left and right Noetherian local ring R with global dimension 3 is a domain. PROOF. Let J be the maximal ideal of R and N the nil radical. By [2, p. 134], R/N is an integral domain and TV is torsion with respect to C(N). We suppose that Af is nonzero. Let TV be generated as a right ideal by xi,x2,... ,xn. We may assume that this generating set is minimal. Now there exist yt G C(N) such that yiXi — 0. Since R/N is left Noetherian R/N satisfies the left Ore condition by Goldie's theorem. Hence there exists y G C(N) such that yxi = 0 for all i and hence yN = 0. Now the projective dimension of yR is at most 2. Since R/N is a domain the right annihilator of y is TV. Hence the sequence 0 —» TV —► R —► yR —► 0 is exact. It follows that the projective dimension of TV is at most 1. TV cannot be projective, and therefore free, since TV is C(TV) torsion. It follows that TV has projective dimension 1. Define /: TuTM —► TV by f(ri,...,rn) = X)x«r«By the minimality of the Xi% this is a projective cover of TV. Let M be the kernel of /. This implies that M Ç Jn. Also M must be projective and hence free. Since TV is Received by the editors September 21, 1987. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 16A33; Secondary 16A60, 16A62.


The workshop reported here was held at Michigan State University in January 1981 to assess current research and training needs in agricultural and food marketing and to determine ways of stimulating useful research on food system organization problems. Participants reviewed the history of marketing policies and past research emphases, pinpointed both short-term and long-term needs in current research efforts, and formulated an agenda for follow-up activities, including follow-up seminars, professional linkages, and co-ordination of research and training programmes within institutions


Mate preferences have a strong effect on adaptation and speciation. In turn, these two evolutionary processes can generate contrasted selective pressures acting on the evolution of preferences. In sympatric species, trait distributions are shaped by similar selective pressures, thus independently promoting similar adaptive traits in different species. When preference targets such adaptive traits, the trait similarity between species may induce heterospecific matings. The evolution of preference for adaptive traits thus likely depends on the ecological interactions between species. Using a mathematical model, we study the evolution of preference towards adaptive vs. neutral traits shared by sympatric species. We specifically investigate whether preference for several traits might emerge, despite sensory trade-off. We also test whether preference toward cues linked to adaptation vs. species recognition may preferentially evolve. Our mathematical approach reveals the key role of sensory trade-offs and opportunity costs favouring the evolution of preferences targeting adaptive traits rather than traits relevant to species recognition. Our model thus highlights that the evolution of preferences for different traits in sympatric species depends on within-species mating opportunities but also on the niche overlap between species, tuning the heterospecific interactions.


Abstract. Since success of relationship management with electronic customers is only achievable through regular programming commensurate with environment therefore, the purpose of this study is to study the role of relationship management with electronic customers on customer orientation in different branches of City Bank across region 1 of Tehran city. Research statistics population consists of all of the personnel of City Bank across region 1 of Tehran city from whom 250 of the customers were selected incidentally and by means of coverage method and questionnaire instruments were tested. The findings were analyzed and examined by the use of SPSS software and coefficient test tools. Research findings show that there is a positive and meaningful relation between E-CRM and customer-orientation. There is also meaningful and positive relation in between E-CRM and customer-orientation indicators such as provided services, cost of the provided services, understanding customer feelings according to the level of meaningfulness obtained from Pearson Test.


Abstract: AI-based face recognition for missing person searches is a promising strategy that has the potential to significantly speed up and improve accuracy. The system makes use of artificial intelligence algorithms to match surveillance camera realtime video footage with facial images of people who have gone missing. Face recognition technology in video surveillance systems is used in this project to come up with a strategy for locating people who have gone missing. The system involves gathering information about the missing person, creating a database of facial images, and matching those images to real-time video footage with the help of artificial intelligence algorithms. The goal of the field of computer science known as artificial intelligence (AI) is to create intelligent machines that can carry out tasks that typically call for human intelligence. This includes tasks like translating languages, visual perception, speech recognition, and decision-making. Machine learning algorithms are used by AI systems to learn from data and allow them to improve their performance over time. A powerful method for training artificial neural networks with many layers, deep learning, a subset of machine learning, has emerged, allowing. The system can be used to quickly identify and locate missing people in public places like airports and train stations. The speed and accuracy of missing person searches could be significantly enhanced by the proposed system, increasing the likelihood of successful reunions. Finding missing people in view of face acknowledgment utilizing Convolutional Brain Organization (CNN) calculation is a well-known approach that has shown promising outcomes. CNN is a deep learning algorithm that works well for face recognition because it is widely used for image recognition and classification.


IHI ID 24 Figure 1 Stroke alert algorithm pre-qi implementation Abstracts A34 BMJ Open Quality 2018;7(Suppl 1):A1–A36 on S etem er 4, 2023 by gest. P rocted by coright. ht://bm jopeuality.bm jcom / B M J O en Q ual: frst pulished as 10.11hisciabs.24 on 8 D ecem er 218. D ow nladed fom


The main purpose of this study was to examine the role of heads of schools' supervision in improving quality of teaching and learning in public secondary schools in Ilemela District, Tanzania. The study was guided by three specific objectives which are to examine strategies used by head of schools in improving quality of teaching and learning, the challenges facing school heads in improving quality of teaching and learning, and possible initiatives used in addressing the challenges hindering effective school heads supervision that aim to improve the quality of teaching and learning in Ilemela District. The study was guided by total quality management theory (TQM). The research employed a mixed approach under convergent parallel research design. The study used a population of 86 comprising of 1 DEO, 4 WEO, 4 Head of Schools, 30 Teachers, and 47 Students. The researcher used questionnaires, interview and focus group discussion for data collection. Data was obtained and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 computer package. The data used descriptive statistics and the findings were presented by use of frequency tables, pie-charts. Also, part of qualitative data coded, categorized and used thematic analysis of which description were employed to present data in chapter four. The study found out that heads of schools are key instructional supervisors in schools. Furthermore, effective supervision was found to be the key factor for the academic performance in schools. The study recommended that heads of schools should be setting time for instructional supervision in schools because it is one of the roles that influence students' academic achievement positively. Also, the study recommends that the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (MOEST) should reinforce supervision-based training through seminars, workshops, and refresher courses countrywide for secondary school heads of schools and second masters/mistresses. By so doing, even those who missed out supervision course at the university or college could benefit. Keywords— School head, Supervision, Public secondary schools, Quality teaching and learning.


We investigate control of molecular fragmentation in the halogen-substituted acetone CHBr 2 COCF 3 . Feedback experiments can successfully control the CF +3 /CHBr +2 branching ratio during dissoctiative ionization. Optimal pulse shapes, combined with pump-probe spec-troscopy, suggest a control mechanism that transfers electronic charge from the CF 3 to the CHBr 2 fragment during dissociation. Further tests show that the charge transfer process may be interpreted in terms of adiabatic rapid passage mediated by a dynamic resonance between different electronic states in the dissociating molecule. This control mechanism provides a possibility for measuring the nuclear wave func-tion of the dissociating molecule.


The compilation and study of English-Chinese business dictionary for learners is at its initial stage currently,but it deepens constantly.Such kind of dictionary is the bilingual business specialized language dictionary for the SLA of business English learners.Meanwhile,because of the professional trait of business subject,it always contains a certain amount of encyclopedic information.It is necessary to design and compile such kind of dictionary based on characteristics of the target Chinese contemporary users and their reference needs owing to the domestic compilation status quo and the gap in target users and cultural awareness in the relevant introduced foreign dictionaries.


(From The Lankenau Hospital Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pa., and Department o/ Zoology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada) (Received for publication May 6, 1943) In an earlier paper (1) it was shown that the kid- ney carcinoma (3) of the adult frog, Rana pipiens, grew and maintained its characteristic structure when transplanted to various sites in young tadpoles. There was no evidence in these experiments that the early larval environment exerted any morphogenetic or growth-controlling effects on the carcinoma. Older larvae approaching metamorphosis did, however, have a pronounced effect on the tumor such that well es- tablished implants quite uniformly underwent regres- sion. Observations of implants in the dorsal mesen- chyme of the tail were the most complete. In this site the carcinoma grew very well in young larvae (20 mm.-+50 ram.), but regressed rapidly and uniformly in premetamorphic stages of development (50 ram.--, 65 ram.). This regression was initiated before metamorphic absorption of the tail had begun, and appeared not to be caused by lack of space for growth, or by loss of vascular supply. We thought that some undetected change in the host tail, associ- ated with metamorphosis but preceding it, might be responsible for the tumor regressions. To test this possibility we have, in the present work, compared the behavior of carcinoma implants in the tails of normal tadpoles with the behavior of implants in the tails of tadpoles rendered incapable of metamorphosis by removal of thyroid or pituitary. METHODS Host tadpoles were obtained from fertilized eggs produced in the laboratory by the usual pituitary injection technic. After fertilization the eggs were divided into four groups, and each group was reared under conditions previously described (1). When the * This investigation was aided by The International Cancer Research Foundation. It was carried on in the Dcpartnacnt of Zoology, McGill University, from March, 1942, to October, 1942, and at The Lankenau Hospital Research Institute from October, 1942, to February, 1943. ** Formerly at Department of Zoology, McGill University. Now at The Lankenau Hospital Research Institute. embryos were in early tailbud stage (stages 17 to 18) (4) the pituitary anlagen were ffxcised from one set ot~ animals. Later on when the embryos were in the 6 to 7 mm. stage (stages 20 to 21) the rudimentary thyroids were removed from a second set of embryos. The remaining two groups of embryos developed nor- mally as controls for the thyroidectomized and hypo- physectomized animals. When the tadpole stage was reached all animals were fed a diet consisting of: (a) lettuce cooked for 10 minutes under 15 pounds' pressure, and (b)a dried food made up of a mixture of 37 gm. of pablum, 37 gm. of finely grated boiled liver, and 250 cc. of milk. Tadpoles were reared in squat, half-gallon fish bowls, I0 to a bowl, until they were 16 to 25 mm. in total length) At this time animals of uniform size were selected from each group to receive the carci- noma implants. Amongst the controls the only factor to be considered in this selection was the size, or total length. The majority of the hypophysectomized ani- mals, about 75 per cent, had the silvery appearance indicating that the gland had been removed. These silvery animals were selected as hosts. Thyroidecto- mized tadpoles during early larval stages are indis- tinguishable from normal animals. In this group se- lection had to be made on the basis of total length alone. The control tadpoles metamorphosed usually 1 Note on the mean total lengths of tadpole hosts at the be- ...,inning of these experiments: Experiments 1 and 2: Hypophysectomized hosts 16.0 ram. Thyroidectomized and control hosts 17.0 to 18.5 mm. Experiment 3 : Hypophysectomized hosts 17.0 ram. Other hosts 20.0 to 21.5 ram. Experiment 4 : Hypophysectomized hosts ..... ..... 23.5 ram. Other hosts 25.0 to 25.5 mm, The extreme individual measurements fell within + 3 mm. of the mean values given above except in experiment 4 where the extremes were ~ 5 ram. from the means. 613


Nutrition nurses are faced with a wide choice of nasogastric tubes, all of which claim to meet specialist needs. The NNS and nurses at the Royal London Hospital set up a trial to assess the tubes' individual benefits, and apply them to patient needs.


Chelation efficiency of stimuli-responsive poly(N-iospropylacrylamide-co-methyacrylic acid) (PNI- PAAm-MAA) nanoparticles with Cu 21 ions from CuSO4� 5H2O solution and from wood treated with copper-based preservatives was studied. It was shown that particle size played a very important role in the adsorption process. The nano-scale particles showed much improved Cu ion adsorption efficiency, compared with the micro hydro- gels. The amount of Cu ion adsorption increased with increase of MAA ratio in copolymers and adsorption effi- ciency decreased with increased particle size. Further- more, the adsorption amount varied with adsorption tem- perature at temperatures both below and above the corre- sponding low critical solution temperature (LCST). The high adsorption efficiency of Cu ions by PNIPAAm-MAA polymer particles provides an effective technique for recovering metal ions (e.g., Cu 21 ) from wood treated with metal-based preservatives. 2008 Wiley Periodicals,


Background To determine the efficacy and toxicity of nivolumab monotherapy in treatment-naïve patients with non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) and the efficacy of nivolumab/ipilimumab salvage therapy in patients with tumors unresponsive to initial nivolumab monotherapy. Methods Eligible patients with treatment-naïve nccRCC received nivolumab until progressive disease (PD), toxicity, or completion of 96 weeks of treatment (Part A). Patients with PD prior to, or stable disease (SD) at 48 weeks (prolonged SD) were potentially eligible to receive salvage nivolumab/ipilimumab (Part B). Patients were required to submit tissue from a metastatic lesion obtained within 12 months prior to study entry and prior to Part B for correlative studies. Results 35 patients with nccRCC were enrolled: 19 (54%) had papillary, 6 (17%) had chromophobe and 10 (29%) had unclassified histology. At median follow-up of 22.9 months, RECIST-defined objective response rate (ORR) was 5 of 35 (14.3% 95% CI 4.8% to 30.3%) (complete response (CR) 2 (5.7%) and partial response (PR) 3 (8.6%)). ORR by histology was: papillary—1/19 (5%); chromophobe—1/6 (17%); and unclassified—3/10 (30%). Nine patients (26%) had tumors with sarcomatoid features with 3 (33%) (2 unclassified and 1 papillary) responding. ORR was 0/18, 3/11 (27%) and 2/6 (33%) for patients with tumor progammed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression of <5%, ≥5% or not measured, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 4.0 (2.7–4.3) months. Two of five responders have progressed. Thirty-two patients had PD or prolonged SD and therefore, were potentially eligible for salvage nivolumab/ipilimumab (Part B), but 15 patients did not enroll due to grade 2–3 toxicity (6) on nivolumab, symptomatic disease progression (5), or other reasons including no biopsy tissue (4). In the 17 Part B patients, there was one PR (6%) (unclassified/non-sarcomatoid). Grade >3 treatment-related adverse events were seen in 7/35 (20%) on nivolumab and 7/17 (41%) on salvage nivolumab/ipilimumab with one patient experiencing sudden death. Conclusions Nivolumab monotherapy has limited activity in treatment-naïve nccRCC with most responses (4 of 5) seen in patients with sarcomatoid and/or unclassified tumors. Toxicity is consistent with prior nivolumab studies. Salvage treatment with nivolumab/ipilimumab was provided in half of these patients with minimal activity. Trial registration number NCT03117309.


Background: Alcohol consumption is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is frequently related to health and behavioural problems as well as socio-economic hardship. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of alcohol consumption among adult males residing in urban area of Thanlyin Township, Yangon Region. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 adult males. Multi-stage random sampling was applied. Data entry and analysis was done using Stata 11.0 statistical package. Results: The prevalence of current alcohol drinking, ex-drinking and never drinking were 20.5%, 9.0% and 70.5%, respectively. There was a significant decreasing trend of alcohol consumption across the levels of age-group. Age, education status and practicing other health-risk behaviours such as smoking and betel chewing were detected as significant risk factors of alcohol consumption. Ever smokers and ever betel chewers were about 4 times more likely to be ever alcohol user compared to their counterparts even if age and education level were adjusted. By controlling smoking and betel chewing habits, 79.2% and 76.6% of existing prevalence of alcohol consumption among respondents would be reduced, respectively. Conclusions: There is an urgent need to curb the habit of alcohol consumption among adult males living in urban area, especially young adults. Alcohol and tobacco control policies in Myanmar should be strengthened or reinforced. Tobacco control program also needs to be intensified. Health education and health promotion activities should be enhanced in order to reduce alcohol consumption in the country.


A tractor-mounted hydraulic operated ladder developed to reduce the harvesting/ pruning costs, increase the harvesting/ pruning efficiency and enhances the overall productivity of mango orchards. The hydraulic ladder was evaluated in the actual field condition and it was observed that it can be rotated from 0 to 360 degree both in clockwise and anticlockwise direction so that minimum 4 mango trees can be covered by simply operating the directional valve. The hydraulic ladder is suitable for harvesting of mango upto 12 m, pruning of tree up to 12 m height comfortably and spraying over the tree canopy up to a height of 12 m. The cost of operation of the hydraulic ladder (Inclusive of tractor) for harvesting mango is Rs. 4,240.00 /day.


The objective was to analyze indicators of social, economic and environmental sustainability through Participatory Rural Diagnosis, in five dairy production units, inserted in the Bucket Full Project, in Itamarati I Settlement. The indicators were measured through a questionnaire with values: 0 = nonexistent grade, 1 = critical grade, 2 = acceptable grade and 3 = desired grade of sustainability. There is potential for development of dairy farming, which management actions on water resources, adaptation to the final destination of waste, restoration of legal reserve and permanent preservation area, effective implementation of green manure, adding value to milk in natura, can bring significant gains for this system. The technical guidance to farmers regarding the use of sustainable agricultural practices and the formation of an organizational arrangement is the way to boost the production and improve the economic viability, creating quality of life for the settlers.


The utility model relate to a dual-color extrusion mould for electrical wires and cables, which aims at solving the problem that when the traditional dual-color extrusion mould is used for producing dual-color cores, especially relatively large dual-color cores, the insulating core coverage area of the secondary color is less than 30 percent, which does not reach national standards. As the inner end of a feeding channel is changed into a channel with narrower upper part and wider lower part, the area of the surface of an insulating core covered by the secondary color is ensured to be more than 30 percent and dual-color electrical wires and cables meeting the national standards are extruded.


There is a very general problem of representing transcendence in different culture: how to make present what is by definition beyond human experience. Many cultures forbid it, other as the Christian one allow representations of some divine presence in the world. Jewish tradition is in general strongly anti-iconic and especially forbids any representation of divinity. But in the most sacred place of Judaism, the Holy of Holies, the book of Exodus prescribes the presence of two statues of "cherubim," which are identified with a class of angels. This article follows the motif of cherubim in the biblical and postbiblical literature, showing that they are not representations of transcendence, but rather indirect representatives of the Jewish people as they provide a device for realizing the state of the people and its relation with the divinity, a metapragmatic sign for the paradoxical presence of the transcendence in the midst of it. T here is an obvious oxymoronic tension in every religious representation. By definition, it has indeed to re-present ðwhose core etymological meaning entails making something present—againÞ, not a simple daily life object but a transcendent one, that is, something that is not ðonlyÞ present in the world, not really included in it, whose most important essence is beyond human experience. The specific problem for every representative practice defining itself as religious is how to tackle this tension: how to make ðagainÞ present something that by definition is not ðempiricallyÞ present. I will explore a very peculiar case, that of cherubim in the Jewish biblical tradition, whose main manifestation was a double golden statue kept in the holy of holies of the Tabernacle, as the biblical book of Exodus describes it. This is just the salient point in a thousand-year-old story of descriptions, representations, discussions of these entities: a recurrent iconological motif that could very well 1. A definition of the transcendent is obviously beyond the limits of this article. I refer to Kant's "Introduction to the Transcendental Dialectic," §1, in his Critique of Pure Reason, and to Lévinas 1984, 1995. Signs and Society, vol. 2, no. S1 (Supplement 2014). © 2014 Semiosis Research Center at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. All rights reserved. 2326-4489/2014/02S1-0002$10.00


I begin with an examination of Berkeley's various suggestions about how to account for the continued existence of physical objects which are unperceived by finite spirits. After dismissing some of these suggestions I attempt to combine others in a unified theory which involves an appeal to what finite perceivers would perceive if they were in the right conditions, to the operation of the will of God, and to the perception of God. I assess the merits, both philosophical and textual, of the unified theory. In the final section I comment on the implications of this theory of continuity for our conception of a Berkeleian physical object. 1. The Continuity Problem. If esse est percipi, that is if to be is to be perceived, then physical objects which are not being perceived do not exist. Yet commonsense suggests that physical objects exist when they are not being perceived. How is Berkeley to make sense of this commonsense belief? It is hard to know how important it is to Berkeley to accommodate commonsense beliefs. I assume that the more prevalent and deep-seated he takes a putative commonsense belief to be, the greater is his concern to show he can accept it, or at least to show how it can be interpreted so that it is consistent with his views. The commonsense belief in the continued existence of unperceived objects is very prevalent and very deep-seated. So it is no surprise to find Berkeley dealing with the issue of continuity from the earliest entry in the Philosophical Commentaries to the final pages of the Dialogues. 2. Two Unsatisfactory Responses to the Continuity Problem. Sometimes it seems that Berkeley's response to the continuity problem is simply that it is impossible to believe in the existence of unperceived objects, for "unperceived object" is a contradiction in terms. What is not perceived does not exist. This response is presented in the course of Berkeley's reply to the fourth objection to his views which he considers in the Principles. The fourth objection is that it follows from his principles that "things are every moment annihilated and created anew" and that "[the] objects of sense exist only when they are perceived; the trees therefore are in the garden, or the chairs in the par-


In this paper,we study the influence of the introduction of stock Index futures on the spot stock market fluctuation by using the log daily returns of the CSI 300 index in 2005-2016. First, we do the empirical test for samples,and found that the sample is smooth and have the ARCH effect;Second, using GARCH model regression, we found that the introduction of stock index futures decreased index volatility;In the end ,we found that the volatility of the stock price caused by the bad news is larger than the same degree of fluctuations caused by the good news inTARCH model regression.


Purpose: To analyze the characteristics of anatomical non-response to intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Neovascular AMD patients who were treated with IVB were studied. A non-responder was defined as a patient whose eyes had no change in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesion size or fluorescein leakage and no change in foveal thickness (FT) after at least two administrations of IVB. Demographic findings and efficacy outcomes were compared between responders and non-responders based on patient gender, age, visual acuity (VA), FT, CNV lesion type, CNV lesion size, presence of serous retinal detachment (SRD), presence of pigment epithelial detachment (PED), PED size, and presence of sub-macular hemorrhage (SMH). Results: Five patients (six eyes; 13.6%) were identified as non-responders to treatment with IVB. The mean age of the non-responder group (75.17 3.66 yers) was greater (p = 0.237) than that of the responder group (71.89 8.06 years), and the proportion of occult CNV (85.7% versus 55.3%, p = 0.375) was higher in the non-responder group, although there was no significant difference compared with that of the responder group. The PED size of the non-responder group (4.42 1.56 ) was significantly larger than that of the responder group (1.51 2.33 , p = 0.001). Conclusions: The authors report a group of patients in AMD with poor treatment response to IVB. The PED size of the non-responder group was confirmed to be significantly larger than that of the responder group.