ABSTRACT Concentrations of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in 40 brands of biscuits in the Nigerian market. The analyses were performed by gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (GC-FID) after Soxhlet extraction of the sample with hexane/dichloromethane and clean-up of the extract. The concentrations of Σ16 PAHs in these biscuit samples were in the range of 35.7–645.3 μg kg−1, 75.9–490.7 μg kg−1, 91.5–537 μg kg−1, 18.4–522.2 μg kg−1, 123.5–393.8 μg kg−1, 167.2–880 μg kg−1, 136.5–316 μg kg−1, and 135.5–241.6 μg kg−1 for shortcake, digestives, cookies, shortbread, wafers, crackers, Pringles, and cabin, respectively. The concentrations of Σ8 carcinogenic PAHs in the samples ranged from not detected (nd)–323.3 μg kg−1, 15.7–138 μg kg−1, 9.7–312.9 μg kg−1, nd–331.7 μg kg−1, nd–220.9 μg kg−1, nd–53.3 μg kg−1, 18.4–56.6 μg kg−1, and 6.6–170.8 μg kg−1 for shortcake, digestives, cookies, shortbread, wafers, crackers, Pringles, and cabin, respectively. The margin of exposure (MOE), based on PAH8 as an indicator for the occurrence and effects of PAHs in food, was less than 10,000, the serious health effects value, in 30% and 8% of the brands for the child and adult scenarios, respectively.


SUMMARY Methods are outlined for testing for serial correlation in large numbers of small samples, emphasis being placed on samples of size three. Some data on pulse rates are analysed in illustration.


Dr. CLIVE RIVIERE: I should like to draw attention to a point which has been hardly discussed and is in my opinion too little appreciated, namely, the relation between the small-infrequent-dose and the large-frequent-dose method of treatment. As everyone knows, the small-infrequent-dose method has been mainly practised in this country, where it was introduced by Wright; and the method of " intensive " dosage, as it may be called, is Koch's original method in a somewhat modified form, and has been employed hitherto mainly on the Continent and in America. There has been some natural antagonism between the rival schools in the past, and some tendency on the part of each to doubt the efficacy of the others' method. Indeed, it is only by practice in both methods and a careful study of the literature that a just appreciation of the facts can be obtained. If the literature is studied it is quite obvious that the two methods are successful in a quite different class of case. In Germany and wherever else the large-frequent-dose method is practised we find that phthisis is the disease for which success is claimed and but ineagre and uncertain results are obtained in localized tuberculosis. In this country, on the other hand, it is in localized tuberculosis that tuberculin treatment has hitherto found its most striking field of action, while the results in phthisis have been disappointing. Now, at last, as is obvious fromn the discussion to which we have listened, Koch's method is being reintroduced here, and phthisis is being treated with success. It is amusing to note also, that at the same time in Germany the pediatric physicians are discovering the value of a small-infrequent-dose method in the treatment of tuberculosis in childhood, when it is, as you know, in the main, of a localized nature. Thus we find the two stages or forms of tuberculosis claim different methods of tuberculin treatment if success is to be achieved. For localized tuberculosis the same small dose repeated at long intervals indefinitely; for autotoxic tuberculosis a gradually rising dosage with the production of tolerance, so that at the end enormous doses can be injected. In the first case we have a process which may be called immunization, consisting in the main of antibody formation and mild focal reactions; in the second we have, added to immunization, tolerance. Tolerance constitutes the sole difference between the results achieved in the two cases. It has been the fashion for those using the intensive system to smile at the solemn warning of Wright and his followers against the dangers of the prolonged negative phase and its results. It has seemed MH-29 119


This paper discusses globalization's impact on production and distribution systems in emerging economies. On one hand, globalization has resulted in an increasing number of multinational corporations to adopt a platform strategy for their customers in emerging markets. On the other hand, developing countries have witnessed the integration of an increasing number of traditional marketplaces into a powerful distribution system, characterized as a specialized market system. Consequently, an unique industrial organization has developed in emerging economies, regarded as emerging global value chains (EGVCs). They comprise a large number of small firms together with a small number of large platform providers and display the "market" type general governance patterns. Firms in EGVCs are more likely to realize functional upgrading and grow into strong lead firms.


A survey is given of the evolution from Yukawa's early work, via the understanding of the pion as a Nambu-Goldstone boson of spontaneously broken chiral symmetry in QCD, to modern developments in the theory of the nucleus based on the chiral effective field theory representing QCD in its low-energy limit.


This study examined how French third (36) and fifth (36) graders used the morphosyntactic context when they spell morphologically complex words with homophonous suffixes (/ã/). Participants had to spell adverbs (/ã/ transcribed ent) and present participles (/ã/ transcribed ant), contrasted on the basis of their frequency, in isolation or embedded within a sentence. Spelling performances were better when the words were dictated in the context of a sentence than in a condition of isolated word dictation. This was the case even in Grade 3, despite the fact that explicit teaching about the transcription of the suffixes /ã/ had been provided only to the fifth graders. The frequency of target words was an important determinant of spelling success even when a sentence context was provided. Thus, even though children benefited from the morphosyntactic information provided by the sentence, they did not rely (systematically) on a morphological rule such as "words ending with /ã/ are always given the ant spelling after the preposition en (e.g., en regardant 'in looking')."


Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been shown to maintain reasonable classification accuracy when quantized to lower precisions, however, quantizing to sub 8-bit activations and weights can result in classification accuracy falling below an acceptable threshold. Techniques exist for closing the accuracy gap of limited numeric precision networks typically by means of increasing computation. This results in a trade-off between throughput and accuracy and can be tailored for different networks through various combinations of activation and weight data widths. Customizable hardware architectures like FPGAs provide the opportunity for data width specific computation through unique logic configurations leading to highly optimized processing that is unattainable by full precision networks. Specifically, ternary and binary weighted networks offer an efficient method of inference for 2-bit and 1-bit data respectively. Most hardware architectures can take advantage of the memory storage and bandwidth savings that come along with a smaller datapath, but very few architectures can take full advantage of limited numeric precision at the computation level. In this paper, we present a hardware design for FPGAs that takes advantage of the bandwidth, memory, power, and computation savings of limited numerical precision data. We provide insights into the trade-offs between throughput and accuracy for various networks and how they map to our framework. Further, we show how limited numeric precision computation can be efficiently mapped onto FPGAs for both ternary and binary cases. Starting with Arria 10, we show a 2-bit activation and ternary weighted AlexNet running in hardware that achieves 3,700 images per second on the ImageNet dataset with a top-1 accuracy of 0.49. Using a hardware modeler designed for our low numeric precision framework we project performance most notably for a 55.5 TOPS Stratix 10 device running a modified ResNet-34 with only 3.7% accuracy degradation compared with single precision.


Objective:To investigate the shengdi pretreatment effect and the ischemia preconditioning effect on the changes of neuron structure of hippocampal region in rats with global cerebral ischemia -reperfusion. Method: Twenty -four male SD rats (weight 180 -220g)were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham operation group (n =5); ischemia-reperfusion group (n=5); ischemia preconditioning group (n=5); shengdi pretreatment group (n=5). Global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion model were established with Pulsinelli′s method. The amount and ultrastructure of neurons of hippocampus were observed under light microscope and electron-microscope. Result:Compared with ischemia-reperfusion group,the number of survival neurons of hippocampal CAl region increased significantly (P 0.01), and the injury of neurons lightened significantly and no necrosis in shengdi pretreatment group and ischemia preconditioning group. Compared shengdi pretreatment group with ischemia preconditioning group,the number of survival neuron had no distinct significance in hippocampal CA1 region (P0.05). Conclusion:Shengdi pretreatment can obviously increase brain tissue tolerance to secondary severe infarction and present apparent protection effect.


4-Methyl-6-mercapto-2-phenylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile ( 1 ) was reacted with different halo compounds, namely ethylchloroacetate, chloroacetone, bromoacetanilide, p-chlorobromoacetanilide, and p -methoxy chloroacetanilide in ethanol in the presence of sodium acetate yielded the corresponding S-alkylated derivatives ( 2a-e ). The latter compounds underwent cyclization into thienopyrimidines ( 4a-e ) upon treatment with sodium ethoxide in ethanol. The reaction of ( 4a ) with hydrazine hydrate led to the formation of 5-amino-4-methyl-2-phenylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2-carbohydrazide ( 5 ). Compound ( 5 ) was reacted with a variety of reagents to produce other new thienopyrimidines as well as oxadiazolylthienopyrimidines ( 6, 11 ).


This essay on the history of developing a national program of research on Alzheimer disease (AD), at the National Institute on Aging (NIA) is a personal tribute to Robert Katzman; one of the true pioneers of the field. Since the establishment of NIA in 1974, many of Katzman's significant contributions to the field of AD have had an important impact on the development of an organized national effort to address the emerging problem of dementia. Clearly, the 1976 editorial in the Archives of Neurology was one of the key events that began the AD initiative in this country. Along with his lifelong friend and collaborator Bob Terry, another pioneer in the field, they set the stage for all subsequent events that transformed research on dementia from being relatively obscure to one of the most vibrant areas of study in modern neurobiology. In 1977, the same year that Katzman, Terry, and Bick had organized the landmark workshop at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on AD, this author was recruited by NIA to develop an extramural program on neurobiology of aging and AD. That conference, which was the first major meeting on the disease in the United States, provided a template for some of the critical scientific elements of NIA's extramural program initiatives. In subsequent years Katzman continued to play a critical role in the development of NIA's extramural program of research on brain aging and dementia as a source of inspiration, mentor, advisor, evaluator/ reviewer, critic and, most importantly, as a potent advocate. His long record of public service includes: (a) serving as one of the first members of NIA's National Advisory Council on Aging, (b) being a member and chair of the 'Program Projects Grants on Aging' study section, (c) founding member of the Alzheimer's Association—Katzman and Terry had started an Alzheimer Society in New York, before there was an Alzheimer's Association, (d) organizing and chairing the first Medical and Scientific Advisory Board of the Alzheimer's Association; he was instrumental in starting the Association's Grants Program with ''pilot project grants,'' (e) chairing of the Department of Health and Human Services Council on Alzheimer's disease commissioned by Margaret Hackler the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services—the Council recommended for the first time that the federal expenditure be raised to $500 million/y and (f) serving as a steadfast advocate for increased funding of research. Katzman and Terry, as pioneers in the development of the field, have played a unique role as mentors for some of the most prominent investigators and clinicians in dementia research. Single handedly they have trained/ mentored more scholars and opinion leaders in Alzheimer's research than any other team in the United States. Thus their influence as teachers and advocates for public policy on research continues to be felt through their network of professional progenies. Bob Katzman's contributions in the scientificacademic arena are as diversified and significant as those in the areas of public policy and community service. The full impact of all his scientific contributions would require a much more extensive review than space permits; here the focus is limited to his unique contributions to the early development of neuro-epidemiology of dementia. His academic-scientific interests/contributions as a neurologist have covered a wide spectrum of studies ranging from basic science to clinical studies to epidemiology. He was among the first NIA-supported investigators to start cultivating the field of populationbased studies of ''normal aging and putative risk factors of dementia. The ''Bronx Aging'' study was among the first longitudinal studies that yielded a number of significant insights for contrasting normal aging with disease. The second important work by Katzman in this area was the Shanghai Study, which for the first time provided important insights about the putative positive effects of education in delaying the onset of symptoms of dementia. His preliminary findings later were confirmed by more detailed studies of Richard Mayeux and Barry Gurland. Copyright r 2006 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins From the 8912 Copenhaver Drive, Potomac, MD 20854. Reprints: Zaven Khachaturian, PhD, 8912 Copenhaver Drive, Potomac, MD 20854 (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com). COMMENTARY


The possibility is examined that a model based on space noncommutativity of linear type can explain why photons from distant sources with multi-TeV energies can reach the Earth. In particular within a model in which space coordinates satisfy the algebra of the SU(2) Lie group, it is shown that there is a possibility that the pair production through the reaction of CMB and energetic photons be forbidden kinematically.


A peerto-peer (P2P) network is a distributed system in which peers employ distributed resources to perform a critical function in a decentralized fashion. As the peers participating in unstructured networks interconnect randomly, they rely on flooding query messages to discover objects of interest and thus introduce remarkable network traffic. The resultant networks may not perform searches efficiently and effectively because existing overlay topology construction algorithms often create unstructured P2P networks without performance guarantees. Distributed algorithms are used for constructing unstructured P2P networks such that peers having common preferences cluster together. Based on the file sharing pattern exhibiting the power-law property and poses rigorous performance guarantees. Our proposal clearly outperforms in terms of 1. The hop count of routing a query message 2.The successful ratio of resolving a query 3.The number of messages required for resolving a query and 4. The message overhead for maintaining and formatting the overlay.


A dielectric drop suspended in an immiscible dielectric fluid of higher conductivity can spontaneously generate the so-called Quincke rotation (a rotating activity that a weakly conducting drop/solid particle displays in an electric field) subjected to sufficiently strong electric field strength. The steady tilt has been extensively studied and is well elucidated now. However, the unsteady electrorotation of drop remains a largely unclear, complex issue. Motivated by this, we examine the unsteady drop electrorotation in this work with the required integrated convective bulk charge transport effect. First, for the steady rotation, the transient evolution to a steady droplet tilt from the symmetric Taylor state is analyzed in-depth. Here we discover several new phenomena, including the evolving equatorial charge jets. For unsteady rotation, based on a drop's interfacial charge variation, deformation, and tilt angle, the study reports the growth of three distinct rotating patterns in the viscosity ratio range [Formula: see text] and electric field strength [Formula: see text] at a fixed conductivity ratio Q ( = [Formula: see text]) = 0.026 and permittivity ratio S (=[Formula: see text]) = 0.566. A low-viscosity drop ([Formula: see text]) exhibits only the periodic rotation. For the viscosity ratio [Formula: see text], the increased electric intensity creates two new unsteady rotation modes: the pseudo-periodic tumbling and the irregular one. For [Formula: see text], the periodic mode remains absent; instead, the drop displays the electric intensity-dependent tumbling and irregular rotation patterns. Our study shows that the rotation reduces a drop's transitory interfacial charge. At this stage, the drop rotation behavior is controlled by competing charge convection due to fluid flow and charge supply by conduction. The resulting varying electric Reynolds number [Formula: see text] (the time ratio of charge relaxation and charge convection) explains the created different rotation mechanisms. For [Formula: see text], owing to lacking enough interfacial charge to sustain rotation, the drop's transition to a temporary non-rotating Taylor state occurs until the interface recharges. The resultant mechanism supports the periodic batch-type rotation for a low-viscosity drop and the irregular rotation for a high-viscosity drop in a higher electric field. In contrast, for [Formula: see text], the drop timely acquires sufficient charge to support continuous tumbling electrorotation.


Article history: Received 11 May 2012 Received in revised form 5 March 2013 Accepted 19 April 2013 Available online 13 May 2013


This is a study of eight members of one family with Marie Unna hypotrichosis occurring in five generations. All affected individuals were born with widespread facial "milia", sparse scalp hair and decreased body hair. Laboratory studies including urinary amino acids and plasma testosterone were normal. On histologic examination the hair follicles of the scalp showed proliferation of the internal root sheath and horn pearl formation in the lower third of the follicle. Abnormal hairs were flat and ribbon-like and twisted at irregular intervals. Extensive peeling of the cuticle was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. Electron microscopy of the hair shafts revealed intracellular fractures of the cuticular cells, increased interfibrillar matrix and fractures of the cortical cell fibrils and fractures of the medullary cells. X-ray diffraction studies were normal. On amino acid analysis of affected hairs a small decrease in cysteine-cystine and an increase in methionine content was noted. Since the hair shafts are clearly abnormal in this disorder, the name hereditary trichodysplasia is suggested. The condition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.


Comparative studies on stomatal conductance and leaf water potentials of maize were conducted on well-watered plots and plots of which the soil water content was at first material stress , the lower limit of profile available water capacity . On well-watered plots early morning and midday stomatal conductance showed a strong response to early morning environmental conditions, especially air temperature. At low soil water levels (around first material stress) stomatal conductance did not respond to environmental conditions and was probably determined by soil-root conductances. Late afternoon stomatal conductances were low and dit not differ between unstressed and stressed plots (...)


Aerospace structures are thin-walled structures which make them susceptible to instability failure. Thin flat sheet is inefficient in carrying compressive loads because its buckling stress is relatively low. This weakness, however, can greatly be improved by attaching stiffeners along the length of the plate using rivets that are spaced at a certain pitch. Stinger-stiffend compression panels have been used extensively in aeronautical structures. There are many design variables that affect the collapse behavior of stiffened panels. This paper carries a parametric study to investigate the effect of five variables on the load carrying capacity of stiffened compression panels. These variables are: rivet pitch, stiffener pitch, flange width, panel length and type of stiffener. Four different buckling modes are considered. These are: overall buckling, local buckling, inter-rivet buckling and wrinkling. Experiments were also carried out on thin-walled stiffened panels, and the experimental results were used to verify the predicted results.


PURPOSE:To efficiently perform a priority operation processing for raising the process priority of a resources occupancy process only for the period of the resources occupancy process in a shared resources exclusive control. CONSTITUTION:A resources priority storage area 161 holding the highest priority of a process which accessed the resources in the past is provided within a resources control table 16 controlling the shared resources between processes. A process priority storage area 181 becoming the base of each process and an effective priority storage area 181 to be used at the time of an execution are provided within a process control table 18 of each process. In the resources security processing of an exclusive control part 12, a resources priority 161 and a process priority 181 are compared as for the process which secures resources and a step making the higher value an effective priority 182 and the resources priority 161 is included. In the resources release processing, a step returning the effective priority of the process to the process priority is included.


T his inspection by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) evaluated significant long-term occupational exposure to ethylene oxide (ETO) at a commercial sterilization operation. The employer had conducted regular employee monitoring for ETO, documented employee exposure in excess of OSHA's permissible exposure limit (PEL), and yet provided no personal protective equipment and advised workers that they were not exposed to ETO above any allowable levels. What is unique in this case is the fact that the establishment was well aware of the requirements of OSHA's Ethylene Oxide Standard (29 CFR 1910.1047).(1) The inspection by OSHA was initiated in response to a formal complaint signed by several employees. The complaint alleged the following:


The phase diagram for the Anderson transition of a two-dimensional disordered system with variable impurity concentration and a perpendicular magnetic field is investigated. A phase boundary is found, separating localized from extended states. It is calculated by means of a finite-size-scaling approach. The shape of the phase boundary and the change in the magnetoresistance are explained in terms of quantum interference effects, i.e., weak localization. A critical exponent for the correlation length and the onset of the delocalized phase are determined


ABSTRACT Deflection testing with the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) is an integral part of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) pavement evaluation and design process. TxDOT owns a fleet of 16 FWD consisting of different design and components. Therefore, repeatability and reproducibility are of major importance for adequate interchangeability of the fleet and was the objective of this study. To achieve the objectives of the study, three pavement sections: two flexible and one rigid were selected and six FWD's of different vintage were selected. The results of the evaluation suggest that the individual FWDs are quite repeatable. The current Strategic Highway Research Program calibration procedure seems to improve the repeatability even further. However, the reproducibility of the fleet needs improvement for effective interchangeability of the fleet.


Does this sound too simplistic to you? Well, consider the ways we usually do it ... Most of us have been on time management programmes. The most fundamental part, we are told, is doing a time log, We need to do this before we do anything else and the reason is clear. It's very logical. We need to know how we are spending our time now in order to make the changes. The argument is a very solid one, built on years of evidence showing that we don't actually spend our time doing what we say we do. Completed time logs are very revealing and can give us information which, if we choose to use it, would make us more efficient and effective in our work. That is the key word - work. We start at the work end of the problem. Again, it seems a logical place to start because if we are more efficient and effective at work, this will give us more time at home or in the other parts oflife, which will in turn give us balance. However, this assumes two very important facts, namely that: * if I were more efficient and effective, I would get to the end of my work, and * If I did this on more than one occasion, I would have the choice of whether to stay at work or go home, to the pub, for a game of golf, etc etc (He) who pays the piper... From the organisation's point of view, this is perfectly legitimate. After all, let's not forget who is usually paying for them and what the objectives usually are. Indeed, once upon a time, these programmes were only about Efficiency and Effectiveness - they included time logs, priority lists, perfectionism and its drawbacks, finding your own 'best' time and creating space for yourself, as well as identifying what your own personal time robbers are. They were geared only to work. So employees are sent on a one day time management programme, often attended by another 100 delegates, and in that time they almost al manage to identify firstly that most of their time management problems are passed down by either their line manager or by the culture in the organisation. Secondly that they don't have time to try the time management techniques. Yes, they go away with a number of ideas that they say they will try, but they haven't come to terms with the two main barriers - time and culture. So the chances of them giving the techniques enough time to have a lasting effect are slim. Over the past 20 years, there has been a steady move through three generations oftime management1 to current thinking about a fourth approach. The three generations move through to-do-lists to far greater planning, prioritising and controlling, and only in this third generation do delegates consider their values, why they are trying to "make the difference". This third generation also coincides with the technology age, where we are supported (or controlled) by all kinds of electronic planners. I would argue that the time is right for a fourth generation approach which acknowledges fully that we need something different. "We need a revolution. We need to move beyond time management to life leadership ...... based on paradigms that will create quality-of-life results."2 4th Generation Strategy So if the previous approaches have not worked for us so far, what should we do? The simple answer is * Start with LIFE * Start with SELF This is a quantum leap from the way we used to do it. So it might feel uncomfortable for a while. But just remember, this is a balance you are looking for between LIFE and a part of life ('work')-- so we start with an unreal viewpoint. How is it that we are trying to shoehorn LIFE into the spaces around the edges of work? As Steven Covey says, we are looking for a revolutionary approach. We are looking for the quantum leaps associated mostly with benchmarking - where companies search out and try quite different approaches to the same problem. …


Purpose
A combined model involving the intensity of negative emotions and the strategic combinations (timing and means) of service recovery is developed. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performances of these different combinations through customer satisfaction, repurchase intention and fitting curves between the two under hotel service scenarios.

Design/methodology/approach
A 2 (recovery timing: immediate/delayed) × 2 (recovery means: psychological/economic) × 3 (type of service failure: failure in a delivery system/failure in responding to customer needs/improper employee behavior) between-subject experimental design was used with 456 participants.

Findings
The results suggest that immediate and economic recovery effectively raises the service recovery evaluations from customers with low-intensity negative emotions, whereas delayed and psychological recovery helps customers with high-intensity negative emotions to give higher evaluations.

Originality/value
When service failures happen, the strategies for and timing of recovery directly influence customers' service recovery evaluations. This study sheds light on the role that negative emotions play in the process of service recovery and provides implications for service industry managers.


.-This study represents an attempt to distinguish between normal seasonal variations and pollu tant-related changes in the blood chemistry of the windowpane flounder Scopkthalmus aquosus. Three sta tions in Long Island Sound, USA, were chosen to provide a pollutant gradient. Windowpane flounder were collected from the three stations monthly, when possible, over a peri od of three years. Seasonal variations were noted in hematocrit, plasma os molality, sodium, potassium, and cal cium. Station-related differences were demonstrated in osmolality, hemato crit, and hemoglobin. The same spe cies was subjected to 60-day labora tory exposures to mercury, cadmium, or copper. Neither copper nor cadmi um produced a significant difference in any variable measured. Following exposure to mercury, there were sig nificant differences between controls and exposed animals in plasma sodi um and calcium.


The structured software development life cycle is widely accepted, but formal standards for documentation of structured development are still in the early stage. This article presents a set of guidelines that have worked for the author in several large structured software development projects. With appropriate modification, they should meet the needs of diverse systems groups, end users, and applications.


All physical implementations of quantum bits (qubits), carrying the information and computation in a putative quantum computer, have to meet the conflicting requirements of environmental decoupling while remaining manipulable through designed external signals. Proposals based on quantum optics naturally emphasize the aspect of optimal isolation [1–3], while those following the solid state route exploit the variability and scalability of modern nanoscale fabrication techniques [4–8]. Recently, various designs using superconducting structures have been successfully tested for quantum coherent operation [9–11], however, the ultimate goal of reaching coherent evolution over thousands of elementary operations remains a formidable task. Protecting qubits from decoherence by exploiting topo-logical stability, a qualitatively new proposal due to Kitaev [12], holds the promise for long deco-herence times, but its practical physical implementation has remained unclear so far. Here, we show how strongly correlated systems developing an isolated twofold degenerate quantum dimer liquid groundstate can be used in the construction of topologically stable qubits and discuss their implementation using Josephson junction arrays. Any quantum computer has to incorporate some fault tolerance as we cannot hope to eliminate all the various sources of decoherence. Amazing progress has been made in the development of quantum error correction schemes [13] which are based on redundant multi-qubit encoding of the quantum data combined with error detection-and recovery steps through appropriate manipulation of the data. Error correction schemes are generic (and hence are applicable to any hardware implementation), but require repeated active interference with the computer during run-time; the delocalization of the data, often in a hierarchical structure, boosts the system size by a factor 10 2 to 10 3. Delocalization of the quantum information is also at the heart of topological quantum computing [12], however, the stabilization against decoherence is entirely deferred to the hardware level (hence it is tied to the specific implementation) and is achieved passively. In searching for a physical implementation of topological qubits one strives for an extended (many body) quantum system where the Hilbert space of quantum states decomposes into mutually orthogonal sectors, each sector remaining isolated under the action of local perturbations. Choosing the two qubit states from ground-states in different sectors protects these states from un-wanted mixing through noise; protection from leakage within the sector has to be secured through a gapped excitation spectrum. As no local operator can interfere with these states, global operators must be found (and implemented) allowing for the manipulation of the …


AbstractThe bark of Strychnos potatorum L. (Loganiaceae), is used as an adulterant of S. nux-vomica L. The latter is highly poisonous, containing the alkaloids strychnine and brucine, whereas the former is nonpoisonous. The two barks could be distinguished by pharmacognostic evaluation.


The aim of this study was to test the relationship between the organizational cynicism (OC) of the employees and the Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWB) exhibited by employees at work. This study was conducted on a stratified random sample consisting of (327) employees of Asyut University in the Arab Republic of Egypt. The data collected by the questionnaire prepared based on the organizational cynicism scale of Brandes, et al (1999) and the counterproductive work behaviors (CWB) scale of Fox (2001).The study found that the organizational cynicism (OC) was positively correlated with the Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWB), where the significant correlation of the Behavioral dimension was followed by Affective dimension. However, the third dimension of organizational cynicism (belief dimension) has no relationship with the counterproductive behaviors at work. Based on these findings, the study reached some concluding remarks concerning organizational cynicism and counterproductive behaviors. Keywords : Organizational Cynicism, Counterproductive Work Behaviors, Assiut University, Egypt


This article examines the character of oppositional movements in the GDR in the light of post‐Wende revelations of Stasi infiltration. We look at responses by members of the alternative culture to accusations that their work during the GDR was rendered ineffective by the Stasi and is consequently of little importance to a historical reappraisal of the GDR. Whilst they were clearly aware of the Stasi, whose influence did have an effect, our evidence suggests that this influence was not total. Current debates about the Stasi are creating an unbalanced view of the actual situation in the GDR before 1989 in that the Stasi is being portrayed as an organisation of almost Orwellian Big Brother proportions. Our article attempts to deconstruct this paradigm and argues that the complicity of the few with the MfS should not invalidate the activities of the majority of those involved in the alternative culture.


Information security relates to politics, economy, military affairs, culture and other aspects.The problem appears as the birth of the Internet, and it is becoming more and more serious with the Internet's development and application.The problem has caused every country's close attention. This paper analysese status quo of information security precaution and puts forwards our countermeasure.


Not only a strong country in manufacturing mini excavators, but also being in consumption. The article introduces survey and development process of mini excavators' factories fairly comprehensively and also introduces their market strategy in China, analyzing technique charac- teristics systematically.


The European Southern Observatory (ESO) manages numerous telescopes which use various types of instruments and readout detectors. The data flow process at ESO's observatories involves several steps: telescope setup, data acquisition (science, calibration and test), pipeline processing, quality control, archivisation, distribution of data to the users. Well defined interfaces are vital for the smooth operation of such complex structures. Also, the future expansion of ESO operations - such as development of new observatories (e.g. ALMA) and supporting the Virtual Observatory (VO) - will make maintenance of data interfaces even more critical. In this paper we present the overview of the current status of the Data Interface Control process at ESO and discuss the future expansion plans.


I am honored to pay tribute to a man whose work and person I admired so very much. Stanley Beck (Fig.1)was a treasured friend to many of us. He was a first-rate scholar and a mentor to a cadre of outstanding students at the University of Wisconsin. He was a man of courage and integrity. As a president of the ESA, he leftan indeliblemark on our society. He was named to the W.H. Henry chair at Wisconsin and was honored by induction into the National Academy of Sciences(U.S.A.).


The purpose of this paper is to investigate theoretically and experimentally possible interactions between the surface plasma wave in drifting carriers in 2D electron gas (2DEG) and electromagnetic space harmonics in a GaAs interdigital-gated HEMT device from microwave to THz frequencies


Thomas Chan MBBS FACEM MHSM AFRACMA, Suzanne Coles RN MEducation Cert Crit Care, Gary Campain MBBS FACEM Grad Cert HSM, George Braitberg MBBS FACEM, Rose Chapman RN PhD MSc, Sandra McGuire RN MHA Monash Health, Berwick, Victoria, Australia Emergency Department, Casey Hospital, Monash Health, Berwick, Victoria, Australia; Emergency Program, Monash Health, Dandenong, Victoria, Australia; Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Casey Hospital, Monash Health, Berwick, Victoria, Australia This paper will present the three month evaluation of a new model of care implemented within one urban district emergency department in Victoria. The new model involves early, senior-level decision-making as well as incorporating the split flow of presentations between two streams: a vertical (ambulant or chair-based patient) stream, and a horizontal (non-ambulant or trolley-based patient) stream. This innovative model will commence in September 2013. A series of quantitative and qualitative metrics will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the introduced changes. Through the introduction of a new model of care the department aims to improve access, performance and patient experience, particularly during periods of peak activity. The model may be seen as a pilot for changes that may be introduced in emergency departments both nationally and internationally. Introduction of this new model of care is expected to contribute to achieving the National Emergency Access Targets including all patients being seen and receiving disposition within four hours, meeting all triage category wait times and reducing the percentage of patients who do not wait for treatment. We're all part of the problem! Using ED data to engage with inpatient units


ObjectiveTo explore the autophagy effect of ghrelin on the ovarian cancer cell line SK-OV-3. And the lncRNA which regulate the ghrelin effect SK-OV-3 autophagy was showed.Methodsthe expression of ghrelin in the ovarian cancer tissues was analyzed according GEPIA database and HPA database. The CCK-8 was used to detect the the optimal concentration of ghrelin effect on the SK-OV-3. The influence on the SK-OV-3 cell autophagy by ghrelin was showed by detecting the expression of Beclin-1, LC3Ⅰand LC3Ⅱusing western blot. Linc00598 selected as the effecting the SK-OV-3 cells autophagy by ghrelin using RNA-Seq. And the Linc00598 which was silenced or overexressed promote the SK-OV-3 cells autophagy treated by ghrelin though western blot.ResultsGhrelin was expressed low in the ovarian cancer tissues. Ghrelin concentratio of 600 ng/ml was the optimal concentration o and 24 h was the optimal time. Ghrelin can promote the SK-OV-3 cell autophagy. Ghrelin mainly through linc00598 to promote the SK-OV-3 cells autophagy. When the linc00598 silenced, ghrelin promote SK-OV-3 cells autophagy was inhibited. And When the linc00598 overexpressed, ghrelin promote SK-OV-3 cells autophagy was inhanced.ConclusionsGhrelin promote SK-OV-3 cells autophagy. Additionally, we proved that ghrelin regulated the progression of SK-OV-3 cells autophagy by linc00598/ Beclin1 axis.


Little is known about the effect of exogenous GH to accelerate or disrupt statural development in normally growing primates. Prepubertal male rhesus monkeys were injected for 2 months with placebo (sc daily) and then randomized to treatment groups by body weight (BW). They were then treated daily with placebo or recombinant human GH (rhGH) at 0.05 or 0.35 mg/kg for 6 months. The placebo monkeys grew as expected, with significant increases in BW gain, tibial length, skeletal maturation score (SMS) and crown-rump length (CRL); these also had a stable IGF-1 baseline. Both groups treated with rhGH had significant increases in BW, while only the high dose group had an increase in CRL (+31%) greater than placebo controls. The IGF-1 areas under the treatment curves were also elevated above placebo in the rhGH groups (+46% & +51%). There were no anti-rhGH antibodies measured in the high rhGH dose monkeys. No group differences were observed in fasting insulin, glucose, cortisol, testosterone, triglycerides, urea nitrogen, cholesterol, albumin, calcium, alkaline phosphatase or alanine transaminase. We conclude that this rhGH treatment regimen over 6 mo did not disrupt the normal growth pattern of prepubertal monkeys. Daily exposure to rhGH enhanced BW gain, CRL and IGF-1 levels. Changes in tibial length and SMS were not different from placebo controls.


Padina sp. seaweed is a species of brown seaweed that grows naturally in Indonesian waters and it is not been optimally utilized. Padina sp. contains bioactive natural carotenoids that can apply as additive ingredients in functional foods and cosmetics field. This study aimed to determine the total carotenoid content in Padina sp. seaweed-infused oil. Seaweed oily extract or Padina sp. seaweed-infused oil was obtained from the filtered maceration of Padina sp. powder using virgin coconut oil as a solvent. Furthermore, the total carotenoid content in Padina sp. seaweed-infused oil, Padina sp. powder and virgin coconut oil as solvent for maceration of Padina sp. were analyzed using the spectrophotometry method. Padina sp. powder and virgin coconut oil without Padina sp. (as control) contained total carotenoid content 2.42±0.32 µg/g and 0.71±0.66 µg/g respectively. Padina sp. seaweed-infused oil had total carotenoid content by maceration process with virgin coconut oil as solvent at a temperature of 65 °C for 1 hour, 3 hours, and 5 hours were 2.73±0.36, 2.18±1.01, and 1.74±1.24 µg/g respectively. Therefore, the total carotenoid content increased in Padina sp. seaweed-infused oil. It could be an opportunity for functional food products and cosmetic ingredients.


Introduction Bordered by Mozambique, Zambia and Tanzania in the Southern part of the continent of Africa lies the country, Malawi covering 11.8 million hectares, of which 9.4 million is land, while the rest is composed of water bodies dominated by Lake Malawi. Of the total land area, 31% is suitable for rain-fed agriculture, 32% is marginal and 37% is unsuitable for agriculture. With the growth rate of about 2%, Malawi's population is estimated at 12 million (MDHS 1998). About 85% of the population is based in rural areas with women forming 51% of the population and life expectancy as low as 40 years. The impacts of climate change are likely to be considerable in tropical regions. Developing countries are generally considered more vulnerable to the effects of climate change than more developed countries, largely attributed to a low capacity to adapt in the developing world (Thomas and Twyman, 2005). And of the developing countries, many in Africa are seen as being most vulnerable to climate variability and change (Slingo et al., 2005). Like many other developing countries, Malawi has not been spared from the severe impacts of climate change. In the last two decades, Malawi has experienced a number of adverse climatic hazards. The most serious ones have been dry spells, seasonal droughts, intense rainfall, riverine floods and flash floods. Some of these especially droughts and floods, have since increased in frequency, intensity and magnitude over the same two decades, and have adversely impacted on food and water security, water quality, energy and sustainable livelihoods of the most rural communities. Assessment of main vulnerabilities The vulnerability and adaptation (V&A) assessment of climate change is in conformity with Articles 4.1 (e), 4.8 and 4.9 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to which Malawi is a party. Malawi is vulnerable to climate change and extreme Currently, the majority of rural communities are experiencing chronic food deficits in many parts of the country on a year-round basis owing to the effects of floods and droughts. This situation has been compounded by the high prevalence of HIV/ AIDS that has created a large number of dependant orphans, and has also adversely impacted on rural household food production systems, as well as the quality of life and sustainable livelihoods. The increasing prevalence of the recurrent floods and droughts is of major concern to the Government of Malawi because of their far-reaching …


Abstract For the past 20 years there has been an active program of research among polymer chemists seeking to prepare thermally stable materials for use as fibers, films, rubbers, adhesives, and other plastic uses. Many types of polymeric molecules have been investigated and the search is still going on. There are, of course, many degrees of thermal stability to be considered. For this report I intend to deal with the polymers which are stable in the range of 300°C and above. This limits the number of materials to be covered to what one can include in a limited survey of the field such as this paper is designed to be.


The development of vocational education is a process in which different stakeholders chose benefit and played game to realize their value demands.The difference on benefit demands is caused by different value orientation,which is the primary cause of production of contradictions.The contradictions are manifested as struggle of power,reflected in knowledge controlling,economic struggle and culture conflicts.In order to alleviate those contradictions,it is necessary to establish rational path for stakeholders to participate,construct interactive relationship positively,establish cooperative game mechanism for multiple stakeholders,so as to realize corporate governance.


Following a recent conjecture by Lapan, Simons and Strominger, we revisit and discuss an intrinsically heterotic class of conformal field theories, emphasizing their Lagrangian construction as asymmetrically gauged WZW models, which may be useful in several applications to the study of supersymmetric strings and black holes in heterotic and type II string theory compactified on T^6 and K3 X T^2 respectively. In these cases, the leading supergravity geometry is singular, but higher order corrections remove this singularity in a way that is consistent with, for example the non-zero entropy for the black holes that these strings form after wrapping on an additional circle. The conformal field theories have the right structure to capture the features of the supergravity analysis, and possess precisely the microscopic target spaces required. We describe in detail the model with AdS_3 X S^2 geometry, which is conjectured by Lapan et. al. to represent a fundamental heterotic string in five dimensions, and then propose conformal field theories which are potential candidates for the microscopic geometry of heterotic strings in $D$ dimensions, with target space AdS_3 X S^{D-3}. We also discuss some conformal field theories that give microscopic AdS target spaces in various dimensions.


This research aimed to study the effect of sintering temperature on the mechanical properties of bricks, such as density, compressive strength, water absorption, and microstructure. The combination of the combustion temperature varied from 750 ° C, 800 ° C, 850 ° C, 900 ° C and 950 ° C. The results showed that the combustion temperature at 850 ° C gave the best brick properties with 14.3 MPa of compressive strength, 1.79 g/cm 3 of density, 14.4 % of water absorption, and 28.9 % of porosity.


In many healthcare settings, violence in the workplace is a growing problem. A recent NHS staff survey suggested that 15 per cent of NHS staff experienced violence at work during the 12 months to October 2003 ( see box ).


with the book, although it is important not to paint too negative a picture or allow these points of criticism to overshadow its achievements. The drawback is part of a bigger problem associated with contemporary or recent history, which is partly to do with temporal distance – how far do you have to move before what is contemporary or recent fades and attains some other quality? – and partly to do with the memory/history interface. That point having been put, it should be quite clearly stated that, particularly in its close-grained detail and careful presentation, Images of England makes a significant contribution to research on popular music and youth culture in those turbulent years from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s of the previous century. It is, indeed, in many ways the detailed historical study we've been kept waiting for over too long a stretch of time.


Hydrogen isotopes (HIs) retention is a key issue for fusion devices like ITER. Simultaneous use of Be, W and C as the wall material for different parts of plasma-facing components (PFCs) will bring in material mixing issues, which compound that of hydrogen isotopes retention. To simulate the hydrogen inventory in the PFCs, we have developed a flexible standalone model. The particle balance model for reaction-diffusion and hydrogen isotope retention in metal and porous media is presented, respectively. However, in this paper, we only present some basic results based on experimental data available for the purpose of validating the model. More targeted experiments are needed to provide necessary input data for this newly developed model. I. Introduction The next-step fusion device ITER can't rely on a single material for plasma facing components. Different materials (Be/W/C) are planned to be used for different parts of ITER [1]. Hydrogen isotope retention is a key issue for designing future fusion reactors, therefore, understanding of the hydrogen isotope inventory processes (HIIPs) in the wall is extremely important; and application of mixed materials in the fusion device makes this even more difficult. Hence a model to simulate the HIIPs is in demand. A particle balance model for reaction-diffusion and inventory of hydrogen in metals [2] and porous media based on Ref. [3] is presented. At current stage, the model includes three parts: a 1D heating module for the temperature distribution in the wall [4]; a hydrogen metal module for HIIPs in metal materials, and a four region module for hydrogen retention in porous media. The goal of this standalone model is to provide a functional module for present fusion simulation codes (e.g. SOLPS [5]) and to furnish them with a capacity to simulate HIIPs in PFCs. To make the simulations reliable for the HIIPs in different materials, we need a wide variety of experimental data, such as information on trap sites, diffusivity, recombination, grains sizes,


We estimate the impact of a political party's legal ability to unilaterally redistrict Congressional seats upon partisan seat share allocations in the U.S. House of Representatives. Controlling for stateXdecade and year effects, we find an 8.2 percentage point increase in the Republican House seat share in the three elections following Republican control over redistricting in the past two decades. We find no significant or sizable effect for Democrats. The effects over the past five decades in aggregate are smaller and insignificant for both parties. In the past two decades, these effects are sizable though not pivotal for Congressional control.


Skateboarding is an extreme sport that is consists of various trick performances. You can control your board with various foot movements, and slip over the obstacle with the board. In this research, we provided a Motion Log Skateboard system that visualizes the pressure distribution of the foot on the board. A customizable pressure sensor sheet was attached to the top of the skateboard deck, and the distribution of pressure was imaged and reproduced along with the recorded video in smartphone App. We have focused on visualizing non-visible information of body movement, which is not easily observed but acts as important elements in sports activity. We expect that the providing these kinds of information through the interactive technology will encourage discussion on the body movement and induce people to share their boy movement with others.


Microfinance is generally defined as financial services for poor and low-income clients. Microfinance is a source of financial services for entrepreneurs and small businesses lacking access to banking and related services. The two main mechanisms for the delivery of financial services to such clients are: (1) relationship-based banking for individual entrepreneurs and small businesses; and (2) group-based models, where several entrepreneurs come together to apply for loans and other services as a group. In some regions, for example Southern Africa, microfinance is used to describe the supply of financial services to low-income employees, which is closer to the retail finance model prevalent in mainstream banking. Microfinance is a broad category of services, which includes microcredit. Microcredit is provision of credit services to poor clients. Microcredit is one of the aspects of microfinance and the two are often confused the Microfinance revolution in India as a powerful tool for poverty alleviation. Where institutional finance failed Microfinance delivered, but the outreach is too small. There is a question mark on the viability of the Microfinance Institutions. There is a need for an all round effort to help develop the fledgling Microfinance Industry while tackling the trade-off between outreach and sustainability. The paper argues for mainstreaming impact assessment in evaluation of programmes for realizing the full potential of microfinance in achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Government of India considered micro finance is the major tool for reducing the poverty and support to the lower income people for self employment. Microfinance in Indiafor Poverty Reduction INTRODUCTION Micro finance is emerging as a powerful instrument for poverty alleviation in the new economy. Beyond the direct linked with poverty reduction, it is an indirect link to address the issues of health, education and gender. Micro finance cover not only consumption and production loans, but will also include other credit needs such as housing and shelter improvements. Women constitute a vast majority of users of micro-credit and savings services. The different organizations in the field of micro finance can be classified as "Mainstream" and "Alternative" Micro Finance Institution. National Agricultural Bank for Rural Development (NABARD), Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), Housing Development Finance Corporation (HDFC), Commercial Banks, Regional Rural Banks, the credit cooperative societies etc., are some of the mainstream financial institutions involved in extending micro finance. On the other hand, institutions have come up to fill the gap between the demand and supply for micro finance. Microfinance in India can trace its origins back to the early 1970s when the Self Employed Women"s Association ("SEWA") of the state of Gujarat formed an urban cooperative bank, called the Shri Mahila SEWA Sahakari Bank, with the objective of providing banking services to poor women employed in the unorganised sector in Ahmadabad City, Gujarat. The microfinance sector went on to evolve in the 1980s around the concept of SHGs, informal bodies that would provide their clients with much-needed savings and credit services. From humble beginnings, the sector has grown significantly over the years to become a multi-billion dollar industry, with bodies such as the Small Industries Development Bank of India and the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development devoting significant financial resources to microfinance. Today, the top five private sector MFIs reach more than 20 million clients in nearly every state in India and many Indian MFIs have been recognized as global leaders in the industry. International Journal of Research and Development A Management Review (IJRDMR) ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ISSN (Print): 2319–5479, Volume-2, Issue–4, 2014 21 Indian microfinance sector is expected to grow nearly ten times by 2011 to a size of about Rs250 billion from the current market size of Rs27 billion, at a compounded annual growth rate of 76%. Microfinance in India started evolving in the early 1980s with the formation of informal Self Help Group (SHG) for providing access to financial services to the needy people who are deprived of credit facilities. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, the regulator for microfinance sector, and Small Industries Development Bank of India are devoting their financial resources and time towards the development of microfinance. Government, NGOs and other financial institutions have introduced various welfare schemes and activities to reduce poverty. Microfinance, by providing small loans and savings facilities to those who are excluded from commercial financial services has been developed as a key strategy for reducing poverty throughout the world. In India, a substantial microfinance system based on self help groups (SHGs) was developed. It allows poor people to protect, diversify and increase their sources of income, the essential path out of poverty and hunger. As a developmental and economic tool it has caught the imagination of banks, financial institutions and NGOs in India. ROLE OF MICRO FINANCE INSTITUTIONS 1. Poverty reduction tool Microfinance can be a critical element of an effective poverty reduction strategy. Improved access and efficient provision of savings, credit, and insurance facilities in particular can enable the poor to smooth their consumption, manage their risks better, build their assets gradually, and develop their microenterprises. Microfinance is only a means and not an end. The ultimate goal is to reduce poverty. Government, NGOs and other financial institutions have introduced various welfare schemes and activities to reduce poverty. Microfinance, by providing small loans and savings facilities to those who are excluded from commercial financial services has been developed as a key strategy for reducing poverty throughout the world. 2. Women Empowerment In rural areas women living below the poverty line are unable to realize their potential. Microfinance programmes are currently being promoted as a key strategy for simultaneously addressing both poverty alleviation and women"s empowerment. The self help groups (SHGs) of women as sources of microfinance have helped them to take part in development activities. The participation of women in SHGs made a significant impact on their empowerment both in social and economic aspects. Vast sections of the rural poor are even now deprived of the basic amenities, opportunities and oppressed by social customs and practices. Several programmes were implemented by various governments and nongovernmental organizations to uplift them both economically and socially. It has been an accepted premise that women were not given enough opportunities to involve themselves in the decision making process of the family as well as in the society. Hence, women were the main target groups under SHG programme. Microfinance can provide an effective way to assist and empower poor women, who make up a significant proportion of the poor and suffer disproportionately from poverty. 3. Development of the overall financial system Without permanent access to institutional microfinance, most poor households continue to rely on meagre selffinance or informal sources of microfinance, which limits their ability to actively participate in and benefit from the development opportunities. Microfinance can contribute to the development of the overall financial system through integration of financial markets. Microfinance institutions (MFIs) can be small and medium enterprises at the heart of rural sustainable development. Their development positively correlates with rural business development.


Decision making plays a very vital role in a person's life and hence any impairment of this ability is of great concern. Thus our study aims at designing such an experiment that will involve the task of decision making and assist in developing cognitive rehabilitation system in near future with the help of Brain Computer Interface. The brain signals are acquired using EEG (electroencephalography) and the two vital tools of BCI system, feature extraction and classification are implemented on these signals. The feature extraction is done using the time varying adaptive autoregressive algorithm. But the prime focus of this paper is the implementation of back propagation through time recurrent neural network algorithm as mental state classifier.


We assess the impact of accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and stock ownership deregulation on the presence of anomalies in stock returns in China. We partition our data into sub-periods that mirror WTO accession and Investor-Base Expansion (IBE) in all share markets. Unlike prior research, we consider all mainland and Hong Kong exchanges from market inception to 2008, and find that Chinese stock markets may have become increasingly more efficient. However, we also document a positive Friday and turn-of-the-year effects that we attribute to greater integration with world stock markets. The daily and monthly anomalies documented here may well guide global investors and portfolio managers to strategically time the market, take suitable short and long positions, and shuffle assets to possibly outperform the market.


BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy for high grade glioma (HGG) is limited by the blood brain barrier. Convection enhanced delivery (CED) improves chemotherapy delivery by utilizing fluid convection obviating the challenges of crossing the BBB while minimizing systemic toxicity. CED of nanoliposomal irinotecan (MM-398) has been optimized in animal models and shows superior anti-tumor activity. An advance in the use of CED is the development of real time CED (RCD), which utilizes MRI to visualize the CED process with the aid of co-convected contrast agents and thus monitor delivery into the brain and to take corrective action. METHODS: With support from an R21 we're conducting a phase I study of CED of liposomal-irinotecan using real-time imaging in patients with recurrent HGG. This is a 3 + 3 dose escalation trial; dose levels are 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, and 80 mg liposomal-irinotecan, given via up to 3 catheters surgically placed in an intra-tumoral location. Concentration of gadoteridol will be 2 mM for all groups; both agents will be co-infused via the same catheters. Subjects in the two lowest dose groups will have tumor volumes of 1-4 cm3, the third dose group will be 2-5 cm3 and the highest dose group 2-6 cm3. Maximum total volume infused will be 1.0 ml for two lowest dose groups, 1.5 ml for the third dose group, and 2.0 ml for the highest dose group. RESULTS: Interim safety, efficacy, and imaging response results will be presented. Utilizing imaging software, we'll present the correlation of pre-infusion modeling of the drug distribution with post-infusion imaging and determination of the total volume of distribution (Vd) and the Vd to volume infused (Vi) ratio for each infusion. CONCLUSIONS: Image-guided distribution allows for real-time placement and adjustment of cannula for real time CED of MM-398 into the brains of patients with recurrent HGG.


In this paper, we present a model to define an analogy between text and image data using ICA basis functions and we apply it to index Very High Resolution (VHR) satellite images. We introduce our text-image analogy by defining visual documents, visual words, visual vocabulary and labeling each word of document using vocabulary words. Further, we propose a classification using a simple Bayesian method to evaluate our model for VHR satellite image characterization. The results for two types of vocabularies, one based on visual words clustering and other based on obtaining ICA components for each class, is compared for a variety of natural and man-made scenes.


Infants with Down syndrome are 3–5 times more likely to suffer from cleft lip with or without cleft palate and isolated cleft palate than healthy infants. Also, heart defect is presented in about 40% of infants with Down syndrome, which is another important risk factor contributing to feeding problems as well as health, growth and development of these infants. In the oral region, these patients tend to keep their mouths open and have a protruding tongue, resulting in respiratory and occlusal disorders in adulthood. Despite the recent development of early medical support for heart disorders and cleft lip and palate surgery in infants, early postnatal management is not established for these diseases in combination with Down syndrome. Here we introduce our early oral management and clinical evaluation for a Down syndrome infant with heart disease and cleft lip and palate with use of plate therapy.


Objective:To evaluate the safety and feasibility of root canal therapy in leukemia patients before bone marrow transplantation.Methods:15 root canal therapy of teeth with chronic periapical diseases were performed in 15 patients with leukemia before bone marrow transplantation.Diameters of the shaded area of periapex were all less than 0.5 cm.The root canal therapy was done at appropriate time,restricted hemateikon(neutrophil counts range from 3.0×109/L ~10×109/L,platelet counts more than 50×109/L),all the teeth were done with root canal therapy according to the principle of root canal therapy.All the patients were monitored by return visit after transplantation.Results:It did not happen any odontogenous complication with 15 patients during the bone marrow transplantation period.The periapical diseases of 15 teeth have been well controlled after root canal therapy.Conclusion:Teeth with chronic periapical diseases of patients with leukemia before bone marrow transplantation can be preserved after adequate root canal therapy and the root canal therapy is safe.


1 Krogmann A, Peters L, von Hardenberg L, Bödeker K, Nöhles VB, Correll CU. Keeping up with the therapeutic advances in schizophrenia: a review of novel and emerging pharmacological entities. CNS Spectr. 2019;24:38-69. 2 Haguiara B, Koga G, Diniz E, Fonseca L, Higuchi CH, Kagan S, et al. What is the best latent structure of negative symptoms in schizophrenia? A systematic review. Schizophr Bull Open. 2021;2:sgab013. 3 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing;1994. 4 Higuchi CH, Ortiz B, Berberian AA, Noto C, Cordeiro Q, Belangero SI, et al. Factor structure of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in Brazil: convergent validation of the Brazilian version. Braz J Psychiatry. 2014;36:336-9. 5 Fervaha G, Foussias G, Agid O, Remington G. Motivational and neurocognitive deficits are central to the prediction of longitudinal functional outcome in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014; 130:290-9. 6 Khan A, Liharska L, Harvey PD, Atkins A, Ulshen D, Keefe RSE. Negative symptom dimensions of the positive and negative syndrome scale across geographical regions: implications for social, linguistic, and cultural consistency. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2017;14:30-40. 7 Kagan S, Cogo-Moreira H, Barbosa MG, Cavalcante D, Shinji A, Noto M, et al. Longitudinal invariance of the positive and negative syndrome scale negative dimension in antipsychotic naı̈ve first-episode schizophrenia. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2022;16:581-6. 8 Brown TA. Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. 2nd ed. New York, NY: The Guilford Press;2015. 9 Higuchi CH, Cogo-Moreira H, Fonseca L, Ortiz BB, Correll CU, Noto C, et al. Identifying strategies to improve PANSS based dimensional models in schizophrenia: accounting for multilevel structure, Bayesian model and clinical staging. Schizophr Res. 2021 Jul 22;S09209964(21)00249-8. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.06.034. Online ahead of print.


Abstract : We investigate the applicability of the B3LYP functional to the ground state determination of first row transition metal complexes, focusing mainly on Fe(II)-polypyridine complexes with ligands of varying ligand field strength. We find that the error in the energy differences between the low-spin (singlet) and high-spin (quintet) states is systematic for structurally related complexes that undergo similar distortion in the metal-ligand coordination environment between the high-spin and low-spin states. This systematic behavior can be exploited and the ground state of an arbitrary Fe(II) complex can be determined by comparing the calculated energy differences between the singlet and quintet electronic states of a complex to the energy differences of structurally related complexes with a known, experimentally-determined ground state. Furthermore, we apply DFT and TD-DFT to study ground and excited state properties of Fe(II)-polypyridine sensitizers. Quantum dynamics simulations are further used to investigate the interfacial electron transfer (IET) between the excited Fe(II) dyes and titanium dioxide nanoparticle. All three complexes investigated display band-selective sensitization, whose origin is attributed to the poor alignment of the lowest energy excited states with the conduction band of the titanium dioxide semiconductor.


did." But, "beginning in the mid-sixties, statutes and regulations governing the employeremployee relationship came into being and became more complex and pervasive." As a result, "arbitration procedures became more formal." And "in the late seventies, more procedural rigidities sprang up, not because the practices and procedures of' arbitrators had been catalogued, but because the Supreme Court in a series of' decisions passed on to the trial courts the duty of' reviewing arbitration awards if' they 'touched the law'." He asks:


covered the holdings of Bochum University Library; previous volumes had described the collections in Berlin, Munich, Bonn, Bremen, Hamburg and Cologne. Now, however, we have a fifth volume containing descriptions of new acquisitions over the past ten years at the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich. We already knew from Alfons Dufey's article in British Library Occasional Papers no. n , 1990, that many significant and choice items had been added to the Munich collection in the years 1986—8, with the aid of substantial grants from the Stiftverband fur die Deutschen Wissenschaft. Dufey's article gives a useful overview of these important new acquisitions, with illustrations, and the article was supplemented by an exhibition and descriptive list entitled Kalligraphische japanische Werke der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek held in Munich in 1988. Neither of these, however, was in any sense a substitute for a full-scale scholarly catalogue of the new acquisitions, which amounted to 709 titles in 2,642 volumes, as well as 24 folding books or single sheets. These new purchases effectively tripled the size of the collection of Japanese rare books in Munich. The need for a detailed record of the new acquisitions has now been fully met by the present catalogue, which puts bibliographers of Japan further in Eva Kraft's debt. The catalogue opens with a six-page introductory essay by Alfons Dufey on the origins and growth of the Japanese collection in the Bavarian State Library, in the context of Japanese historical bibliography. Then follows Dr Kraft's own introduction to the catalogue, set out in the form of a hanrei with all the detailed explanation concerning the arrangement of the catalogue which that entails. Next comes a bibliography of the principal works consulted, many of them cited in abbreviated form, and a group of 26 illustrations, with 8 reproduced in colour. These preliminaries are followed by the main body of the catalogue on pp. 27-316. Like all the earlier volumes in the series, this catalogue is provided with a wealth of indexes giving access to the contents under the following headings: names of authors, illustrators and other contributors to the book; booksellers and publishers; subjects and specific topics; a listing arranged by date; and titles, both main and secondary. The catalogue, with all its bibliographic apparatus, is characterised by the accuracy and meticulous scholarship which are customary in all the catalogues compiled by Dr Kraft. The reviewer's task is a pleasant one. Such minor errors as do occur are so trivial as to be hardly worth mentioning. And it is pleasing to see that shortcomings noted in the earlier catalogue of books in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (1986) have now been made good, thanks to this record of new acquisitions. No longer is it a collection containing comparatively few books and manuscripts of early date; no longer are books of pure illustration (ehon) by masters of the Bunjinga, Shijo/Maruyama and ukiyo-e schools conspicuous by their absence. The collection is now rich in Gozan-ban, Saga-bon and the more celebrated ehon. In terms of traditional Japanese zenpon, the libraries of Germany can now hold their own with the best that Western Europe can offer.


ABSTRACT This study used nationally representative data from the 2011 National Assessment of Educational Progress (8th-grade Science) and the 2018 National Survey of Science and Mathematics Education toward two primary purposes: (a) to examine the association between teachers' formal (university) content preparation in science and student outcomes in science, and (b) to document the prevalence and locality of Out-of-Field (OoF) science teaching in the US. The relationship between teachers' formal science preparation and students' 8th-grade science outcomes was mixed across science disciplines with a statistically significant association being observed for students' earth science outcomes. Teachers' experience teaching science and access to science instructional materials/kits were more strongly associated with student outcomes than was their formal content preparation, with statistically significant associations observed for all student outcomes (physical science, life science, and earth science). The prevalence of OoF science teaching was higher in middle schools than in high schools, as well as more frequently occurring in historically lower achieving and impoverished educational contexts.


Reification is a concept of critical theory that denotes certain problematic, habitualised forms of objectification. In this article, I examine whether the concept can be applied in environmental philosophy and what value it has for environmental critical theory. I begin by introducing the concept and the two senses in which reification of the non-human world has been discussed in the literature: first, denoting the misrecognition of others' attitudes towards the natural world; and second, denoting a misconceived relationship between humans and their environment. After this, I introduce two potentially new subjects of reification: non-human animals and non-human nature. I also discuss two phenomena that could count as reification: industrial meat production and the commodification of ecological systems.


In order to obtain sharp remote sensing images, the image stabilization technology of space camera and the remote sensing image restoration technology are usually used now. Vibration detection is the key to realize these technologies: an image stabilization system needs the displacement vector derived from vibration detection to drive the compensation mechanism; and the remote sensing image restoration technology needs the vibration displacement vector to construct the point spread function (PSF). Vibration detection not only can be used to improve image quality of panchromatic camera, infrared cameras and other optical camera, also is motion compensation basis of satellite radar equipment. In this paper we have constructed a vibration measuring method based on Fiber optic gyro (FOG). FOG is a device sensitive to angular velocity or angular displacement. High-precision FOG can be used to measure the jitter angle of the optic axis of a space camera fixed on satellite platform. According to the measured data, the vibration displacement vector of the imaging plane can be calculated. Consequently the vibration data provide a basis for image stabilization of space camera and restoration of remote sensing images. We simulated the vibration of a space camera by using a piezoelectric ceramic deflection platform, and calibrated vibration measurement by using laser beam and a high-speed linear array camera. We compared the feedback output of the deflection platform, the FOG measured data and the calibrated data of the linear array camera, and obtained a calibration accuracy better than 1.5 μrad.


One of the main issues of improving the efficiency of air treatment in ventilation and air conditioning systems (HVAC systems) is development of methodology for the realization of energy-efficient air treatment processes in the contacting units. This paper investigates the thermodynamic models of "air-water" system, considering some features of the transition area at the interface, including surface phases and boundary layers of air and water. It has a great impact on the efficiency of processes of heat and moisture exchange in the contact units HVAC systems. The paper presents the results of experimental studies to determine the air-water interfaces temperature when achieving a state of thermodynamic balance condition in contacting media (air and water) in the working space of contact units. It was found that the surface temperature is determined by state of the surface phase and depends on the direction process of heat and moisture exchange (condensation or evaporation). The temperature factor k = Tdry/Ts as a criterion for determining the effect of the state transition area on the processes of heat and moisture exchange, was used. Processing of results from experimental researches in the processes of heat and mass transfer is presented in the form of criterial equations for Nu, Nu. Results of the performed research are the basis for the formulation of theoretical ideas about the energy efficient processes and the development of a new method for calculation of the contact units HVAC systems. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.258


In this study about different habits of food buying, consumption and body weight management among the Hungarian adult population, the authors wanted to know which food and food ingredients are fully accepted and which are fully rejected during the consumer's body weight management. The physical exercise and the lifestyle of the population were also examined with qualitative and quantitative methods. A nation-wide representative questionnaire was administered to 1000 persons; based on the results, different groups were formed and they were examined by the method of focus group interview. Before it started, the height, weight, age and waist circumference of the group members were recorded, then with the aid of an Omron Body Fat Monitor their BMI (Body Mass Index) and body fat ratio were also calculated. With the analysis of the questionnaire and the three focus group interviews, the researchers established (besides the food buying and consumption habits) the amount of money spent on food and the attitudes, preferences and habits toward self-image, lifestyle and physical activity.


During autonomous operation of microgrid,every distributed generation(DG) participates in the regulation of the voltage amplitude and frequency,while the change of the load power occurs.The virtual power droop control is adopted and virtual impedance is added to inverter.The small signal model of the microgrid system in autonomous operation is established.Because autonomous microgrid system is a complex nonlinear system,this paper adopts Lyapunov' s first method on the system stability analysis,and then bases it to estimate influence of control and line parameters of the interface inverter on the stability of the system.Finally simulations are carried out using Matlab to demonstrate the selected control and line parameters.Experiments are carried out on the experimental platform controlled by TMS320F2812 DSP.The results show that the power can be realized well and the system operation is stable in the unequal output line impedance.


A new run-length-limited (RLL) code for dual-layered optical disks is described. It is an asymmetrical (d1, d2)=(2,1) code, i.e., its minimum mark length is three channel bits to maintain the readback signal power, and its minimum space length is two channel bits to maintain the partial-response maximum likelihood (PRML) performance. It encodes 8 user bits into 15 channel bits. The spectral density in the low-frequency band (lower than 1/200 of the Nyquist frequency) is lower than that of the EFM-Plus code.


The article deals with the study of the effect that a compound preservative produces on microbiological indicators and shelf life of fresh pork products. The effect of various preservatives on the total viable count and yeast growth in fresh meat during storage was studied. Experimental studies have shown that the compounds of additive a preservative mixture* actively inhibits microorganism growth during the fresh pork chops storage. In the control sample, the number of microorganisms on the seventh day of storage was 12*104 CFU/g, and, in the sample with the compound additive preservative mixture added, it amounted to 0.1*104 CFU/g. The usage of the ready to use preservative mixture allows actively suppressing the yeast reproduction during long-term storage (seven days) of coarsely chopped fresh pork products (250 CFU/g). The optimal method for applying the preservative to fresh pork chops has been determined. Applying the preservative to coarsely chopped fresh meat by simply mixing and massaging (for example, together with spices or marinades) is the most rational method for this product type. Primary and secondary lipid degradation products are considered, and the peroxide and acid numbers of fresh meat products during 30-day storage are determined. After 30 days of storage, a noticeable increase in oxidative processes in the control sample is observed, whereby the end point of the shelf life of coarsely chopped fresh pork products has been chosen.


Derrida, for reasons which he never made clear publicly, published his mémoire for the diplôme d'études supérieures only in 1990, some thirty-five years after it had been written. Had it been published much earlier, some of the dispiritingly ill-informed remarks about his work might have been avoided. The mémoire, entitled The Problem of Genesis in Husserl's Philosophy, reveals that he is, when required, perfectly able to write a standard thesis in straightforward French. And that, in particular, he is aware of the work of the great logician Gottlob Frege in its relation to Husserl.


ONE way of experiencing a mentally disturbing week end is to read the summary reports on "The Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation," prepared by six committees of the National Academy of Sciences. As one reads this material along with the printed record of the press conference conducted when the summary reports were released, the question inevitably arises in one's mind: Is the nuclear age to be one with mixed blessings? Such thoughts are further strengthened by newspaper headlines such as "Will Radiopoison Accompany the Age of Megaton?", "U. S. Radiation Found in English Cow Fodder," and "Atom Unit Waste Makes Fish Hot." No wonder the public is bewildered and therefore concerned. Facets that must be given thorough consideration are many and varied. It is evident from the summary reports that present-day knowledge of what constitutes radiation danger is meager. Certainly it is not of the precise and accurate nature that the nonscientist has been ...


Personal health records (PHR) either resides in the hospital or resides with the patient in the form of paper-based records. When PHR is in the printed form it is bulky and inconvenient to carry by the user. Since smart phones has become ubiquitous and a necessity in day to day life, and most of them are equipped with contactless near field communication (NFC), we propose to exploit the inherent advantages of NFC or near field communication to transfer the personal health records from health care settings to patients smart phone and vice versa. This solution will make it convenient for the patient to carry the personal health records with them. This also achieve the quick access to PHR during medical emergencies, that ensures faster intervention. Also it will empower the patient to always carry his or her personal health records with them that come in handy during any medical emergencies. In this paper we prove that peer-to-peer mode in NFC that uses NFC and Bluetooth technologies can be leveraged for secure and seamless transfer of the personal health records from one healthcare network to another. We have analyzed and presented the advantages and disadvantages of this method and demonstrated the effectiveness of a novel method that uses NFC for sharing Personal Health records.


Summary This chapter explores the dilemmas facing CED intermediary organizations as vehicles for progressive social change through an analysis of an urban Canadian model from Quebec called corporations de developpement economique communautaire (CDEC). CDECs are democratically controlled, not-for-profit, local development organizations that oversee and support CED efforts on three main levels: (1) job skills development and "employability" services; (2) business development; and (3) development of innovative partnerships among diverse groups to plan and coordinate CED strategies in their communities. These practices are analyzed and issues inherent to them are presented using specific contributions from CED literature. This analysis shows that within such organizations, contradictory practices and directions co-exist due to pressures exerted simultaneously by market, state, and community forces.


In this paper, we describe a new method for wide range and high-precision angular displacement measurement. In this method, the system real-time detects the testing object rotation, obtains the wide range angular displacement through accumulating its micro angular displacement. By adjusting the reflector, the beams reflected from the testing object normal incidence to the FP plate, before it is rotated. When the testing object is rotated, the system real-time gives the testing object micro angular displacement and the rotated angle of the Fabry-Perot (FP) plate. The testing object micro angular displacement is used for accumulating. The FP plate is real-time rotated under the control of the feedback system to compensate the initial angle's loss of incidence on the FP plate, and makes the beams reflected from the testing object normal incidence to the FP plate all the time. Each measurement accuracy of 10-8 is abstained by use of the sinusoidal phase-modulating interferometry [1, 2]. So that, the wide range and high-precision angular displacement measurement is obtained.


Hiroyuki Abstract The growth of bubble nuclei in high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is investigated. The imposed pressure on the nuclei is given by the experiments for the backscattering of HIFU from a laser-induced bubble interface. The lower limit of initial radius, 𝑅 (cid:2868)(cid:2923)(cid:2919)(cid:2924) over which the bubble grows explosively, is calculated using the dynamical equation of motion for a spherical bubble in which the liquid compressibility and the thermal diffusion through the bubble interface are taken into consideration. The relationship between 𝑅 (cid:2868)(cid:2923)(cid:2919)(cid:2924) and the absolute value of the minimum of imposed pressure |𝑃 (cid:2923)(cid:2919)(cid:2924) | is obtained for various temperature ranges. It is shown that temperature dependency of |𝑃 (cid:2923)(cid:2919)(cid:2924) | is in good agreement with that obtained directly from the corresponding experiments. It is also shown that appropriate choice of physical properties makes it possible to predict the relationship between 𝑅 (cid:2868)(cid:2923)(cid:2919)(cid:2924) and |𝑃 (cid:2923)(cid:2919)(cid:2924) | in a temperature range from that in different temperature ranges even though the imposed pressure on the nuclei is different with each other. The results also show that temperature dependency of surface tension is a key factor to determine 𝑅 (cid:2868)(cid:2923)(cid:2919)(cid:2924)


The interaction between ctDNA and ionic surfactant were studied by Resonance Rayleigh Scattering (RRS).The re- sults indicated that cationic surfactant accumulate on the face of ctDNA by static or hydrophobic action,leading to the enhancement of ctDNA's RRS;anionic surfactant could cooperate with the interaction of acridine orange(AO) and ctDNA,leading to the enhancement of AO-ctDNA's RRS.


The sludge produced by treating the urban sewage needs thickening and dewatering and it is important to reduce the quantity of discharging sludge by controlling dewatering ratio in the process of sludge thickening and dewatering. In this paper, the fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm is designed to replace the common PID control to be used to control dewatering ratio in sludge process. The results of the simulation show that the method is effective in improving the control of the dewatering ratio in sludge process


Cerebrovascular disease, which pathogenesis is perplexing,result from both genetic factors and environmental factors. Hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterol and fat etc were the primary cause of stroke. Because essential hypertension (EH) is principal and absolute risk factor, the study about candidate genes of Ischemic stroke concentrate on genes of hypertension and pressure regulation recently. The paper was a summary for the candidate genes of essential hypertension and Ischemic stroke in Chinese population.


Objectives To establish the proportion of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) diagnosis among people presenting to an emergency department (ED), to determine the accuracy of recorded ED diagnoses. We also aimed to describe challenges in mTBI case identification and its acute hospital management. Design and setting A retrospective chart review of all ED attendances to a major trauma hospital, over a 9-month period (June 2015–February 2016). Participants Adults aged 18–65 years consecutively presenting to an ED. Primary outcome measures Proportion of mTBI diagnosis among ED attendances (ie, confirmed mTBI based on the WHO criteria or indeterminate mTBI based on secondary criteria), and proportion of accurately recorded mTBI diagnosis by ED clinicians (ie, 'mTBI', 'concussion'). Results Of 30 479 ED attendances, 351 (1.15%) confirmed mTBI diagnosis and 180 (0.6%) indeterminate diagnosis were identified. Only 81 (23.1%) individuals with a confirmed mTBI had a 'mTBI diagnosis' clearly recorded in the medical notes. Of the allocated discharge diagnosis codes to the two identified cohorts, 89.8% were not indicative of mTBI. Intracranial injuries were found in 31 (8.5%) confirmed cases. Glasgow Coma Scale scores were consistently assessed in the ED but identified only 117 (33.3%) confirmed mTBI cases. Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) testing was able to confirm acute cognitive impairment in 113 (62.1%) of those who were tested (182, 51.3%). Conclusions mTBI is a common, but an under-recognised cause for ED attendance. Despite challenges, the use of an operational definition such as the WHO diagnostic criteria can improve accuracy in mTBI identification. Acute management may be enhanced by rapid assessment of PTA.


: To solve the problems faced by 4TSQ-2 sugar beet top cutting machine, i.e. large structure, high power consumption and high manufacturing cost, the multi-roller mechanism for leaves removal and fixed-thickness cutting method was studied. Using five-factor and two-level tests, the structure configuration of the leaf removal device was optimized, and the scheme of two roller shafts defoliation, the roller shaft rotation speed of 800 r/min and the forward speed of 0.8 m/s were determined. Through the working process and mechanical analysis of the top cutting device, the cutting device with the slant profiling plate structure characterized by a profiling angle of 25°-45° for the profiling plate and a cutting angle of 20°-40° was studied. With the two-factor and three-level experiments, the profiling angle of profiling plate of the top cutting device was 35°, and the cutting angle was 30°. Compared with the 4TSQ-2 sugar beet top cutting machine before optimization, the structure size of the machine was reduced by 30%, the weight was reduced by 15%, the cost was reduced by 25%, the qualified rate of top cutting wad was increased by 2.6%, and the push over rate of sugar beet was reduced by 0.5%. Besides, each index met the index requirements of beet top cutting harvest.


Although uncommon, arterio-venous fistula is a serious complication of lumbar disk surgery. Unless congestive heart failure develops, it often remains undetected. The present case report refers to a 30-year-old male who was referred to our division with a diagnosis of high-output congestive heart failure. It is important that surgeons, cardiologists and radiologists be aware of this potentially fatal complication.


Abstract Project culture is raised as a general concept in some academic papers and industry reports. Those studies indicate that project culture is very important for the processing of construction projects; however, they do not provide a clear definition of project culture. In addition, there is no model that specifically examines the project culture of each construction project. This paper reviews the literature about cultural studies in a construction projects context, especially the culture at project level. A modified version of the current and generally used organizational culture model is suggested after the literature review. Finally a pilot case study was conducted to test the suggested model as well as the research instrument that will be used in further studies. The results show that the waste derived from the inappropriate behaviours/attitudes of the project participants can be minimized by creating a positive project culture. As a result, the value of the client/project will be improved.


This study explored the relationship between publicly displayed information and the right to privacy in Zambia and Tanzania. The purpose was to examine whether the behavior displayed by individuals in public environments reveals and undermines their quest for the right to privacy. I asked participants to observe and document the type of clothing an individual wore, the logos or monograms on their clothing or bags, and words spoken in public. This information was then used by Google to identify individuals online. Findings suggest that there is still a disconnect between what people display in non-digital and what they post on social media. However, there is also a growing trend of people leaving a trail of digital footprints that relate to their publicly displayed behaviors.


This article hones in on the question of 'race' in hip-hop artist Ana Tijoux's album Vengo (2014), which anticipates, in a musical format, the social demands which would emerge years later in Chile's Estallido Social. More specifically, it dissects the ways in which this socially-engaged rapper transcodes (Hall, "Representation" 270) the racialized categories of 'indio' and 'the south' from a position of colonial difference (Mignolo 61). I argue that, by adopting this subversive and historicizing semiotic strategy, she casts these oppressive labels into productive political subject positions from which to level received racial hierarchies rooted in colonialism and reinforced by neoliberalism. They offer the individuals who are classified as such a blueprint to mobilize themselves and enact alternative ways of being; to come up for their rights; and to resist the inequalities that are perpetuated and naturalized by a system of organization which ranks them as inferior.