The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we review the market manipulation literature in the context of corporate finance and study its implications for financial management. Second, we provide a new perspective on corporate finance theory, viewing the corporation as a "manipulator" of its share value. This second motivation provides a unifying framework for corporate finance and it provides some new insights.


Aim of the study was to determine predictors of the duration of antiretroviral treatment interruption in patients infected with HIV. This pilot prospective, open‐label, multicenter trial comprised 62 HIV‐seropositive subjects who decided voluntarily to interrupt therapy after two or more years of successful HAART. The primary end‐point was the time to patients being free of therapy before reaching a CD4+ cell count ≤350/µl. Fifteen of 62 patients remained in treatment interruption for more than 180 days. Patients restarting therapy had higher HIV‐DNA levels (P = 0.05), were treated more frequently with NNRTI‐drugs (P = 0.02), had a shorter period of HAART (P = 0.046), and lower CD4+ cell counts after day 14 of interruption of treatment (P = 0.04). Multivariate regression analysis showed that less than 323 baseline proviral HIV‐DNA cp/106 PBMCs and more than 564 CD4 cells/µl at day 14 after interruption were associated independently with a reduced risk of restarting treatment (P = 0.041 and P = 0.012, respectively). A score based on CD4+ cell counts at nadir, at baseline, at week 2 of treatment interruption, and on baseline HIV‐DNA values can identify patients with a prolonged period free safely of treatment. J. Med. Virol. 81:481–487, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


According to some problems existed in network security information analysis,such as lacking of security description,low information visualization,false-positives and false-negatives,this paper suggests implementing correlation in integrated analysis of network alerts and logs to improve the capability of network security information analysis.It gives the definition and model,clarifies the classification and implementation method,and explains the effect of correlation in network security information analysis and process by some correlative examples.


In the early 195O's, the University of Colorado Medical Center conducted a multidisciplinary investigation of industrial and agricultural workers acutely exposed to a variety of pesticides. The focus of this program was a special project involving the intensive study of workers engaged in the manufacture of several organophosphorus (OP) anticholinesterase compoh,. '.,. Because of the acute confusional states induced by O P exposure and because of the need for more information regarding the central effects of OP exposure in humans, an effort was made to examine certain psychological, neurological, and clinical-neurophysiological variables; additionally, a number of biochemical parameters were investigated. Since January, 1965, a group of men from this same industrial population has been studied; many of the current subjects have been continuously employed in the same capacity since 1950. This report is concerned primarily with some of the psychological, neurological, and clinical-neurophysiological results of these studies. In the 1952 program, psychological testing involved a large battery of measures designed to search for classic evidences of brain damage. Data analysis revealed no formal evidences of organic brain damage in psychological test terms. Testing done within 72 hours of exposure almost always showed erratic and slowed functioning, interpreted as indicating the presence of clinical delirium for many individuals within three days of a symptomatic exposure. The one differentiating test in the original study was the Rotary-Pursuit task, a test of hand-eye coordination. Recently exposed men had worse performance than controls, but we have since found that this type of test is unreliable because of technical limitations. Neurological examinations revealed multiple minor signs such as generalized weakness and confusion shortly after exposure; hard neurological signs were absent after treatment and clinical recovery. In the 1952 study, electroencephalograms were done as close to time of exposure as possible and, in many cases, repeated after treatment and recovery. Typical slow-wave bursts after activation by overbreathing were observed if EEGs were done soon after untreated exposure (FIGURE 1 ). These findings were similar to those reported by Grob (1953). A t this time, it was believed that adequate treatment normalized the EEG. These old EEGs have been reevaluated in light of findings from our current investigations and modern knowledge of the neurophysiology of drowsiness and sleep. Upon reevaluation, we find an increase in medium-voltage, irregular theta activity, OCcurring in bursts of one to five seconds' duration, most often seen during light drowsiness. Special characteristics of the drowsy EEG-there is a normal increase in slow activity-made it easy to overlook this change. In the 1952 study, psychiatric interviews were done o n 78 men: 56 with histories


-The problems of obtaining accurate strain data, providing reliable temperature control, and affording oxidation protection arise in the experimental determination of the elevated temperature creep properties of materials. The apparatus described in this paper provides an autographic strain record using commercially available equipment, reliable temperature control for both constant or prograrrm.ed cyclic temperatures , and oxidation protection by means of specimen encapsulation. ( 1) INTRODUCTION The problems normally associated with elevated temperature creep testing are obtaining accurate strain data, providing reliable temperature control and affording oxidati on protection. Investigators have measured the strain in a c reep test by a variety of methods. Often these methods have involved considerable chance for human error and required specially trained personnel. To avoid such problems, a standard commercial follow-up contact type extensometer is used to measure the strain, with the measurement being autographically recorded on the same


Organic–inorganic nanocomposites comprising epoxy resins and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) were prepared via in situ polymerization of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethyl-4,4′-biphenyl diglycidyl epoxy resins and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone. The thermal, fire-retardant, and morphological properties of the nanocomposites were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared (TG-FTIR) spectroscopy, microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC), limiting oxygen index (LOI), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The peak heat release rate and the total heat release were significantly reduced with the incorporation of POSS into the epoxy networks, based on the MCC results. Moreover, the LOI value slightly increased with the increase in POSS content. Further, SEM and XPS were used to explore the char residues of the pure epoxy resin and POSS-containing system. The introduction of POSS was found to lead to the formation of an inert layer on the surface of the materials, which protects the internal structure from decomposition.


For the purpose of testing the performances of tracking and receiving systems,a signal simulator is required to emulate the real signals under all kinds of conditions.In the paper,the implementation of carrier's Doppler frequency bias is discussed,and the module of Doppler and quadrature modulation are designed.The results of hardware test and the validation with real satellite signal show that the Doppler characteristics of dynamic simulation accord with that of the real satellite signal.It is proved that the design is feasible.


1567 A (k, n) secret image sharing method shares a protected image in n shared images and the protected image can be reconstructed by k shared images. This study solves the secret image sharing problem by a geometry secret sharing strategy named the Blakley scheme. The protected image is first partitioned into non-overlapping sets of k pixels. Each set of k pixels forms a point under a k-dimensional space and the set solution to each generated affine hyperplane, only intersecting at this point stores to the corre- sponding shared image. The reconstructed image, consistent with the protected image, is obtained from k shared images. Additionally, an efficient hyperplanes selection strategy is presented. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach is efficient for se- cretly sharing a digital image.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The sprint is a track and field event that combines strength and speed. It has a cyclical nature. Each muscle group involved in the starter completes hundreds of contractions. Maximum strength and the fastest muscle contraction are the best combinations. This is the explosive power of runners. Objective: Analyze the effects of sprint interval training on the speed of track and field athletes. Methods: In a random sampling, 30 college athletes were selected for the investigation. These runners were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group adopted the sprint interval training method with tire traction. The control group did not engage in this physical exercise. The speed training load of the athlete was gradually increased during the experimental period, lasting 10 weeks. Competitors performed short-distance tests after the physical training. Results: After ten weeks, the experimental group's performance on 30 meters was significantly improved (P<0.05). There was a statistical increase in acceleration in the 50m start (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the 30-meter starting speed (P>0.05). The experimental group significantly improved the 50m performance (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sprint interval training is effective in increasing the speed of athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.


The results of investigations of nuclear tracks from galactic cosmic rays in meteorite olivine crystals are presented. Among the identified tracks of nuclei with z> or =60, about 150 tracks are associated with the nuclei of the uranium group; the 365-mm-long track probably belongs to a nucleus with Z> or =110.


This tutorial reviews a few important issues when using the near-field scanning technique for EM emission characterization. Calibration of field probes is introduced first to eliminate or reduce the errors in the measurement of EM field components. Then, methodologies to obtain the phase information in near-field scanning are discussed. For characterizing radiators in free space in terms of far-field emissions, different Near-Field Far-Field Transformation algorithms are introduced. Finally, radiated-emission models based on near-field scanning are presented for characterizing the radiators in a complex environment/system, and an example on interference estimation demonstrates the application of such models.


We consider the Navier‐Stokes equations on a time interval [0, T) in the weak formulation given by $\partial_t(u(t),\varphi) + (u(t)\cdot\nabla u(t),\varphi) + \nu (\nabla u(t),\nabla \varphi) = (f(t),\varphi), \qquad t\in[0,T),\varphi \in V,$ $u(0) = u_0.$ Here we assume ν > 0, G ⊂ ℝ3 open, bounded with C2,1 boundary, f ∈ L2 (0, T, L2), and u0 ∈ V, where V is the closure of C∞0,σ in (H10, ‖∇ ·‖) and (·, ·) denotes the scalar product in L2. The above equations for u ∈ L2(0, T, V ∩ H2) with ∂tu ∈ L2 (0, T, L2 ) can be semi‐discretized with respect to time in different ways. The existence of solutions to the resulting schemes can be shown with the Galerkin method provided the viscous term is not treated fully explicitly. In the case of linear schemes, uniqueness can easily be proven with the Lax‐Milgram lemma. However, schemes that are implicit in both factors of the convective term seem to cause difficulties with respect to uniqueness, even for arbitrary small step sizes. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


In an EFTEM the full range of signals generated by interaction of the primary electron beam with the specimen can be detected. Thus operating such a system and generating combined digital information usually is a rather complex issue. The demands of the users on the other hand are to achieve results fast, easily and reproducibly. Moreover it should be possible to tailor the integral system according to dedicated needs. In general it should be no problem to use modern digital equipment and just let an integral computer control everything. However, in order to make such digital settings really useful, there should be no D/A conversion in between the data paths of the microscope because any analogue system tends to drift and the changes of lens parameters between different modes of operation should be minimised to overcome hysteresis. Fully digitised in-column EFTEMs like the LEO EFTEMs with OMEGA filter and Koehler illumination including also multiple parallel and serial remote capabilities provide optimum preconditions to fulfil the demands.


Laser spectroscopy, long the domain of the dye laser, is experiencing a renaissance due to the development of tunable, higly coherent, external cavity diode lasers (ECDL's). Such lasers have been used extensively as sources for precision spectroscopy experiments. Recently, ECDL's have become commercially available, sparking interest in the development of diode laser based sensors for many industrial and process control applications. One particular class of applications involves the sensing of atoms during the growth of thin films. Many atoms have strong ground state absorption lines between 380-420 nm, a wavelength range that is fortuitously at 1/2 the output wavelength of mature GaAs based diode laser technology and accessible with either LiNbO3, LiTaO3, and KTP QPM-SHG waveguides. The marriage of ECDL's and nonlinear quasi-phasematched second harmonic generation waveguide allows the generation of tunable, highly coherent radiation in the blue-UV spectral range required for atomic absorption spectoscopy. Furthermore, the low power levels and ~ 10 GHz tuning ranges required for atomic absorption spectroscopy are readily achievable with ECDL's and QPM-SHG waveguides. Atomic absorption spectrosocpy can yield information about the deposition process and can be used to monitor and control the film growth rate. In this presentation we review the development of frequency doubled ECDL's and applications to the material synthesis of aluminum and titanium films.


This is a book which does what it says on the label! The authors take the reader on a potted journey through many of the quirks and idiosyncrasies of costbenefit analysis (CBA). The range of cases in the book is varied and easy to read, making this a welcome addition on any library bookshelf as a useful reference to broaden one's understanding of the manifold vagaries of performing cost-benefit analysis in practice. As I read through the chapters, I grew to like the book more and more. The authors are honest at the front in explaining this is not a detailed discourse on the basic and fundamental principles of CBA, although the early chapters do provide an interesting historical perspective to the discipline. I have to say, I was rather put off by references in the foreword to other books on CBA which left me feeling that this book was going to be the poor brother of better works elsewhere. In the end, the answer lay in the difference rather than the quality of this book compared to others——Quah and Toh generate enthusiasm in the subject by looking at a wide variety of cases that require special tools to reveal practical and useful CBA results. In this way, the book skirts around the basics——just enough to refresh the memory and provide sufficient context to enable the reader an easy journey through the book——then provides many viewpoints of interest on a tour of the less well-known aspects of the subject. The book will complement a balanced collection of books on CBA. On its own it is not going to satisfy——but rather like a good sauce can release new flavours and intensities in a meal, this book does help add depth and a good many nuances to the subject and reminds the reader of the messiness and fuzziness of real life. The authors are clearly passionate about CBA; however, I would have to question their use of a bold claim in the preface to this second edition, in which they say, 'CBA is an exciting subject'. I would not wish to disagree with the essence of this; however, I always wonder about books that make such claims that they serve as excuses for a turgid text to follow. This book is not so different. Although an interesting read, the book does not have an exciting 'feel' about it. In fact, it is presented in a rather boring format and mundane style. This may be a deliberate choice by the authors to retain a stoic and traditional 'academic' vein, but in today's publishing world of advanced media, design and communications, I think they might have provided the reader with an all-round experience more commensurate with the excitement that CBA clearly gives to the book's authors. Despite this, the book slowly grows on you——becoming a must read once a few of the cases have been devoured. The book is arranged in four parts and 25 chapters giving it a reasonably detailed and coherent structure. Part I, with two chapters, introduces the subject and provides an historical context. It is rather short and I'm not convinced it warrants a part in its own right. Part II is rather meatier with five chapters and explores a range of oft frequented topics in CBA. This part has several contributed chapters and ranges from a rather dry theoretical exposition, for example, Chapters 4 and 5 on Benefit transfers and Simple mathematics of discounting and decision criteria respectively, to other case-driven explanations such as Chapter 6, 'Value of a statistical life in Singapore'. By the end of this part one is left wondering if the title is rather misleading as many of the examples relate to the authors' place of residence——Singapore. This early criticism diminishes, though does not entirely disappear, as the reader continues into the remaining parts of the book. Part III brings examples of more recent innovation to light, providing evidence that CBA is alive and well and responding to its own limitations and imperfect methods. This part, as with Part I, only has two chapters, but in this part they are more detailed and comprise a useful section of the book. Finally, Part IV brings a wide range of cases to explore the subject in more depth and in multiple ways. This is probably the most useful part, and certainly the largest part of the book. Here the reader can dip in and out of diverse CBA cases rather like the readers of Sherlock Holmes cases——each chapter solving new mysteries by careful logic, or in the case Construction Management and Economics (November 2012) 30, 1011–1019


Given a set of $n\geq 1$ unit disk robots in the Euclidean plane, we consider the Pattern Formation problem, i.e., the robots must reposition themselves to form a given target pattern. This problem arises under obstructed visibility, where a robot cannot see another robot if there is a third robot on the straight line segment between the two robots. Recently, this problem was solved for fat robots that agree on at least one axis in the robots with lights model where each robot is equipped with an externally visible persistent light that can assume colors from a fixed set of colors [K. Bose, R. Adhikary, M. K. Kundu, and B. Sau. Arbitrary pattern formation by opaque fat robots with lights. CALDAM, pages 347-359, 2020]. In this work, we reduce the number of colors needed and remove the axis-agreement requirement. In particular, we present an algorithm requiring 7 colors when scaling the target pattern is allowed and an 8-color algorithm if scaling is not allowed. Our algorithms run in $O(n)$ rounds plus the time needed for the robots to elect a leader.


Abstract Price volatility is a major problem for all commodity exporters because it translates into direct or indirect volatility of government revenue. Should a developing country's state be responsible for isolating the domestic economy from the consequences of fluctuating international commodity prices? This article argues that this is an essential function of the state and a crucial component of its legitimacy. Recently, the establishment of stabilization funds has been regarded as an essential component of good governance, notwithstanding the persistence of major problems. As an alternative, this article proposes the use of resource revenue for establishing endowments of autonomous public institutions with well-defined developmental goals, or furnishing the equity for strategically important commercial corporations. The latter opens the door to an interesting perspective on the potential path toward progressive democratization of the rentier states.


In a frequency-agile magnetron radar, the cavity frequency tracking system of the tuning magnetron is used to control the transmitted pulse sequences and carry out the auto-track of the local oscillator. An experimental scheme of a small steady-state error tracking system is proposed, and the principle of the tracking system is described. The time-domain and frequency-domain performance of the tracking system is discussed. Experimental results indicate that this system has a high tracking accuracy.<<ETX>>


The attenuation of low‐frequency external sound by MX41/AR earphone cushions appears greater when measured by the threshold‐shift method than when measured by an objective real‐ear method. It is suggested that the objective measurements have greater validity, because threshold‐shift measurements are subject to the influence of masking by earphone‐induced physiological noise.


The paper presents a model of psychological-pedagogic meta-competence and its constituent subject competences. The conditions and tasks of teaching students to form their psychological-pedagogic meta-competence and self-development are described. The author describes the substantive and organizational principles implemented by in the course "Psychology of educational activities" in the framework of an inno-vative project of pedagogical high school; gives examples of specific forms, methods and technologies of training.


Shea butter  was pretreated with sulphuric  acid to convert the free fatty acids to esters and then  transesterified to biodiesel using methanol and sodium hydroxide as catalyst. The oil, biodiesel, 10% and 20% blends with diesel were characterized according to ASTM and EN protocols for biodiesel. The fatty acid profile of the oil and biodiesel were analyzed using  HP 6890 Gas Chromatography analyzer fitted with a flame ionization detector. From the results obtained, the properties of the biodiesel are by and large within the ASTM limits for biodiesel and the saturation to unsaturation ratio is 0.87 which gives a good balance of properties. The mineral contents are also within the ASTM limits for biodiesel. From the results obtained, it was concluded that the biodiesel can be used as alternative fuel for diesel engines.


Preclinical SPECT offers a powerful means to understand the molecular pathways of metabolic activity in animals. SPECT cameras using pinhole collimators offer high resolution that is needed for visualizing small structures in laboratory animals. One of the limitations of pinhole geometries is that increased magnification causes some rays to travel through the scintillator detector at steep angles, introducing parallax errors due to variable depth-of-interaction in the scintillator, especially towards the edges of the detector field of view. These parallax errors ultimately limit the resolution of pinhole preclinical SPECT systems, especially for higher energy isotopes that can easily penetrate through millimeters of scintillator material. A pixellated, focused-cut scintillator, with its pixels laser-cut so that they are collinear with incoming rays, can potentially compensate for these parallax errors and thus open up a new regime of sub-mm preclinical SPECT. We have built a 4-pinhole prototype gamma camera for preclinical SPECT imaging, using an EMCCD camera coupled to a 3 mm thick CsI(Tl) scintillator whose pixels are focused towards each 500 μm-diameter pinhole aperture of the four pinholes. The focused-cut scintillator was fabricated using a laser ablation process that allows for cuts with very high aspect ratios. We present preliminary results from our phantom experiments.


The present invention discloses a kind of UV damage repair, and for enhancing energy metabolism of herbs and their use in cosmetics. In particular, the present invention discloses a loquat leaf extract was UV damage repair and the promotion of the use of energy metabolism, as well as an additive loquat leaf extract having an ultraviolet repair and the promotion of energy metabolism in cosmetics.


Disorders of consciousness (DOC) comprise a continuum of predominantly acquired conditions. Distinguishing between DOC categories of vegetative state (VS), where there are no indications of consciousness despite evidence of wakefulness, and minimally conscious state (MCS) where consciousness is limited, is a challenging process. With awareness often masked by perceptual or motor impairments, misdiagnosis rates remain high. Music therapy assessment holds the potential to elicit responses despite damage to verbal or visual processing faculties, although robust empirical studies are lacking. To underpin this work with objective scientific data, a multiple baseline within subjects study comparing EEG, heart rate variability, respiration and behavioral responses of 20 healthy controls with 12 patients diagnosed as VS and 9 as MCS was conducted. Controls and patients were presented with contrasting music conditions (live salient music & improvised music entrained to respiration), recordings of disliked music, white noise and silence. Neurophysiological and behavioral measures were recorded using a 32 channel XLTEK© video EEG system, with a piezoelectric respiratory belt, and analysed using MATLAB, EEGLAB and BrainVision Analyzer 2 software. One way repeated measures ANOVA analysis of respiration, and power spectra analysis of EEG data indicated a range of significant responses (p≤0.05) across controls corresponding to arousal and attention in response to live music, including concurrent increases in respiration rate with decreases in respiration variability. Similar findings within EEG data for controls and both VS and MCS cohorts, combined with significant findings for behavioral measures across the VS cohort, indicate music therapy is able to increase arousal levels for DOC patients, optimising the conditions for accurate assessment. Research is indicated to explore both the use of bio-markers of awareness and longer term effects upon neuroplasticity in response to music therapy within this population. CLOSE DETAILS Original language English Title of host publication Programme and Abstracts, Biennial meeting of the Society for Music Perception and Cognition Editors M. Schutz, F. Russo Publisher Ryerson University Publication date 2013 Pages 104-105 State Published 2013


In this paper we show that if $Y=N \times \mathbb{Q}_m$ is a metric space where $N$ is a Carnot group endowed with the Carnot-Caratheodory metric then any quasisymmetric map of $Y$ is actually bilipschitz. The key observation is that $Y$ is the parabolic visual boundary of a mixed type locally compact amenable hyperbolic group. The same results also hold for a larger class of nilpotent Lie groups $N$. As part of the proof we also obtain partial quasi-isometric rigidity results for mixed type locally compact amenable hyperbolic groups. Finally we prove a rigidity result for uniform subgroups of bilipschitz maps of $Y$ in the case of $N= \mathbb{R}^n$.


Automobile machine vision is a potential application for hardware neural networks. This paper suggests a future system concept which combines front-end low-level processing in smart pixels and a massively interconnected optical neural network. Two smart pixels devices fabricated in Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal on Silicon technology will be described. The first device implements an array of somas, while the second device implements an array of synapses. These are effectively generic building blocks for scalable neural network architectures. Experiments have demonstrated actions of optoelectronic neurons formed by the smart pixels. An optical neural network system has been investigated in a simulation of an autoassociative memory for road sign recognition.


Weight is one of the very important parameters of good health. Obesity is now a recognized disease, considered to be a global epidemic.


A large number of bone stick cultural relics have been unearthed in Weiyang Palace of Han Period Chang'an City, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China. Utilizing deep learning-based image classification methods can improve the efficiency of categorizing bone stick fracture locations and colors. However, due to factors such as variations in surface texture features and different degrees of wear on the bone sticks, the classification accuracy of the model is low. To address this issue, this paper proposes a bone stick image classification method using the YOLOv5s-ViT cascade model. The method incorporates the C3CA attention module to enhance the model's recognition of fracture areas, reduce interference from the image background, and improve the effectiveness of the Vision Transformer self-attention mechanism. Furthermore, Increase the learning rate by comparing the training data of the test to improve the training efficiency of the model. Lastly, the Batch Normalization layer is introduced to normalize the output of the encoder, suppress model training divergence, and enhance generalization ability. The experimental results show that the average recognition accuracy of the bone stick fracture region features of this paper reaches 97.6%, the average recall rate reaches 93.3%, which is 2.1% and 6.0% higher than the YOLOv5s model, respectively, and the average classification accuracy reaches 88.7%, which is 7.9% higher than the Vision Transformer model, and can effectively improve the classification accuracy of bone stick images.


Background: Myometrial lesion is one of the major causes of the need for gynecologic surgeries. Ultrasonography (USG) is the primary modality in myometrial radiological examination. Thus a consistent procedure for reporting evaluation findings is needed.
Method: We reviewed literature from textbooks and journals from 2000 to 2019 containing information about myometrial sonographic evaluation.
Results: MUSA (Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment) is a consensus statement on terms, definitions, and measurements that may be used to describe findings and report the sonographic features of the myometrium using gray-scale sonography, colour/power Doppler and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging. The procedure consists of reports on the sonographic features of the uterine corpus, myometrium, and myometrial lesion.
Conclusion: The need for a standardized terminology to describe sonographic findings of the myometrium, both normal and pathological, has given this protocol an advantage to show its benefit, that is not only just for a clinical background but also research purposes. We suggest researchers and clinicians continue to develop further and study the relevance and use of the consensus, especially the correlation of sonographic findings with clinical and histological features.


An array with a general triangular grid structure (not necessarily isosceles) is considered, and methods of generating such an array are described. An analysis of its properties is presented. It is shown that this array has a grating lobe of -6 dB relative to the main lobe. The necessary conditions to avoid grating lobes are presented, with the conventional rectangular and isosceles triangular grids included as special cases. Furthermore, it is shown that one of the grid dimensions can be extended as compared to that of an isosceles triangular grid. However, when this is done, the optimal, grid area is reduced.


A new free space wireless charging system for inner vehicle use with a ferrite-core fishbone architecture is proposed in this paper. This system achieves wireless charging independent of the position and direction of its receiving side by means of two transmitting coils installed in one ferrite core structure. These direct (D) and quadrature (Q) coils generate a uniform rotating magnetic field inside the vehicle. In the proposed system, a double-sided LCC circuit topology is applied to each of the D and Q coils to provide load-independent current sources. The parameters of the LCC compensation circuits are determined to guarantee zero voltage switching for the switches of the high-frequency inverter and to limit the inverter output current simultaneously. A detail analysis of the operation and design of the proposed system was carried out, and its feasibility was verified with experiments for 1 W level of power receiving within 30 cm distance between transmitting and receiving coils at 280 kHz.


Poinsettia plants are became symbol of celebration in some big days in the world like Christmas day in Europe and Independence Day in Indonesia. One of the main constraints of poinsettia cultivation is difficult to form root. The objective of this research is to know and analyses influence concentration of IAA and BAP to forming root of poinsettia somatic embryo and determines combination of appropriate growth regulator IBA and coconut water for rooting of poinsettia bud in vitro. This research consisted of two attempts. First attempt about induction of bud and root coming from embryogenic callus mass of poinsettia in vitro applies factorial treatment designed compiled in group random area designed. Treatment consisted of two factors, first factor is BAP with 3 concentration of 0 μM, 1.3μM, 2.2 μM. Second factor is IAA with 3 concentration of 0 μM, 2.9 μM, and 5.7 μM, so that there is 9 combination of treatment. Every combination of treatment consisted of 8 restating ( 8 bottle) with 3 calli clump perbotol, so that there is at least 72 experimental units. Second attempt about rooting of poinsetia bud in vitro. This second research executed by applying completely randomized design method with two treatment. First treatment is concentration of IBA 4.9 μM. Second treatment is concentration of coconut water 10%. Variables observed covers number of planlet, number of leaves, number of sprouts, number of roots, and longest root length. At forming attempt of bud and somatic embryo root poinsettia, the highest number of planlet is yielded at treatment without BAP. Treatment of BAP 1.3 μM gives real influence to forming number of leaves and number of roots productively the highest number of leaves and number of root. Treatment of IAA 2.9 μM tends to pushs bud forming. Treatment of IBA 4.9 μ M at second attempt tends to pushs forming of leaf organ. Treatment of coconut water 10% tends to yields forming of root organ and gives real influence to development of root system productively highest longest root length value


The fault current through the earth originated from a power line ground fault might cause arcing through the soil to an adjacent pipeline, which might bring about not only a catastrophic accident such as gas explosion and oil leakage but also a hazard to the safety of workers responsible for the maintenance and repair of the pipeline. In this paper we investigated the arcing phenomena through soil between a power line tower and a pipeline and outlined the standards for the separation distance of a buried pipeline adjacent to the power line tower.


Summary and Conclusions Certain facts have emerged from recent work on Pleistocene problems which allow us to review the position and to mark certain dating points in the correlation of British glacial deposits.


Background: Correct and complete filling of information on the laboratory request forms is necessary if preanalytical errors are to be minimized. It also gives the laboratory opportunity to compare results with the clinical details of the patient, which can point out the possibility of errors in either laboratory test or clinical diagnosis. Appropriately, filled laboratory forms allow for timely communication of critical results to physicians providing early intervention and improved patient care. We, therefore, evaluated the extent of incomplete laboratory forms in our center. Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional where assessment of forms received over 3 months from February 17, 2014, to May 28, 2014, in the Chemical Pathology Department of Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, during working hours were analyzed for the frequency of incomplete data. The forms were scrutinized for the presence of name, gender, age, clinical details, ward/clinic, consultant, hospital number, and doctor's signature. Results: Only 8% of a total of 4638 forms provided all the required data. Only patient's name appeared in all the forms. Time of sample collection (58%) was the most omitted parameter. Age and gender did not appear in 39% and 38%, respectively. No clinical details or location of the patient was provided in 25% and 24% of the cases. Consultant in charge was missing in 38% of forms. Date of request, doctor's signature, and hospital number were missing on 18%, 18%, and 13%, respectively. Conclusion: The study has demonstrated high frequency of incomplete information needed on the laboratory request forms. This may be responsible for many preanalytical errors. Increased interaction between clinicians and pathologist with a view to reducing the frequency of preanalytical errors should be encouraged.


Photolithography at 193 nm is a natural continuation of the progression from 436 to 365 to 248 nm in lithography, dictated by the requirement for continually higher resolution. It is anticipated that 193‐nm lithography will enable 0.25‐μm patterning in volume production with conventional masks, and 0.18‐μm resolution with phase‐shifting masks. The main issues related to lithography at this new wavelength are being addressed. It has been shown that highly transparent optical materials are available at 193 nm. Also, they are damaged by the laser radiation at a slow enough rate that high‐quality projection optics are expected to perform within specifications for ten years of full‐time operation. Consequently, a 193‐nm step‐and‐scan system is being constructed, and it has been designed to attain 0.25‐μm resolution over a 22 by 35 mm field. A range of 193‐nm photoresist schemes has been demonstrated. They include semitransparent single‐layer resists, positive‐tone surface imaging (silylation), and negative‐ton...


According to the WHO the burns are the main cause of the overall children morbidity and mortality in the low-and middle-income countries, such as Africa, South-East Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean regions1. The same picture sketched in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Thus there is a real need to provide epidemiological study of the burns diseases in order to develop effective burn prevention programmes. Purpose: Describe the prevalence of child burns morbidity in UB. Methods. Descriptive statistic and one-way analysis of variance were used in the study. Morbidity of children burns cases for the last 8 years (2006-2013), in Ulaanbaatar served as the materials. Results. The overall incidence rates of morbidity were 1920 per 100000 persons (p<0.001). The morbidity rate was significantly higher for the younger children (0-1 year old) than other ages (p<0.001).


During the production of paper and cardboard several aspects of microbiological attack may be observed. Paper raw materials, additives and the end product paper itself are attacked by microorganisms. The results are deterioriation and an alteration of the properties of valuable raw materials and a reduction of the paper quality. The greatest important economic loss arises from slime formation in the fiber preparation systems and in the paper machine itself. Biofilms are the reason for break-downs in production and affect the quality of the product. This article describes the sites where trouble during production occurs, the effects and value of the loss based on microbiological growth. Chemical and technical arrangements to reduce the origin of damages are discussed


Ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs when blood supply returns to tissue after interruption, which is associated with life‐threatening inflammatory response. Tranilast is a widely used antiallergic agent in the treatment against bronchial asthma and keloid. To study the function of tranilast, we used IRI in rat models. The brain tissues of IRI rats with or without tranilast treatment were collected. Neuronal apoptosis in the brain was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling assay, and proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB), inhibitor of κB (IκB) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) were detected by Western blot. The results showed that tranilast treatment reduced neuronal apoptosis in the brain of IRI rats. Tranilast enhanced the short‐term memory and long‐term memory to novel object recognition paradigm. Tranilast treatment decreased the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of multiple proinflammatory cytokines, and affected NF‐κB and inhibitor of kappa B protein expressions. Tranilast promoted the expressions of PPAR‐α and PPAR‐γ. Our findings demonstrate that tranilast treatment could attenuate cerebral IRI by regulating the inflammatory cytokine production and PPAR expression. Tranilast is a potential drug for IRI treatment in the clinic.


We present our experience with drotrecogin alfa (activated) in 110 patients. Data were collected on diagnosis, acuity, complications and outcomes. Crude ICU and hospital mortality was high at 47.3 and 55.5% respectively (hospital SMR = 1.02). Our patients appeared to be sicker than in other published series (mean number of organ failures = 4). The rate of serious bleeding events was comparable to the PROWESS trial. Usage fell during the study period from 37 patients in 2005 to 14 patients in 2008 and is likely to reflect uncertainty over the risk-benefit profile.


A method for receiving a signal by using M multiple beams in a multi-antenna system including N antenna elements, provided by one embodiment of the present specification, comprises the steps of: setting, by M beams, a beam direction for the M beams and a modulation frequency for frequency modulation of a beam response; generating the M beams according to the beam direction and the modulation frequency set by the beams; generating M beam responses for a receiving signal by using the generated M beams; frequency-modulating the generated M beam responses by using the modulation frequency set by the beams; band-pass-filtering the frequency-modulated M beam responses so as to separate the M beam responses; and respectively demodulating the separated M beam responses.


Success of a reinjection process depends on the method used for estimating the thermal -ugh time. Estimating the thermal breakthrough time may be based solely on tracer data. Alternatively. it may be estimated solely by using thermal interference tests. While the tracer method usually yields ambiguous estimates, thermal interference tests are infeasible because durations of these tests are similax to thermal breakthrough times. Estimation of the thermal breakthrough time must be based on both tracer and thermal data. A new method of forecasting the thermal bnakthrough time during ninjection was developed by usmody practiced in many liquiddominated geothermal fields worldwide. Most of the time the objective of the reinjection is to dispose of the waste water[9.10], since it usually contains silica and toxic m i n d s such as arsenic, boron and mercury[3]. Reinjection of the waste water is also used to maintain the reservoir pressure[9,10] and to enhance the mergy recovery[l!5l. Regardless of the objective, however, the low temperature of the waste water is a serims constmint upon the reinjection. Many field experiences have shown that the reinjected water may 1 move through the fractuxw to the production zones in a very short time. The rapid migration of the reinjected water is undesirable, because it can produce ermal drawdown at the production wells. This theral drawdown has two detrimental effects. First, it reduces the discharge enthalpy causing the steam discharge rates to decline. Second, it decreases the total production because of the increasing hydrostatic of the fluid in the well[lO]. We ean avoid a of a fracture located in a porous matrix is used, the thermal breakthrough time is determined by two parametcrs, the water transit time t , and the parametool most commonly used to identify these fast 5ow e thermal front[lq. However, Pruess and pmposed thermal intcrfemce tests to make reliable estimates of the thermal characteristics of fast fiow paths. They reported that these tests had been car-


In cultural consumption era,aesthetics,which once considered classics and lofty,has already rarely been inquired.It has lost its once lofty and sacred meaning,but penetrated into people's life.The deep participation of mass media makes the tendency of aesthetic consumption obvious,which helps gradually form a brand-new and close culture network.People are being covered by this huge network and unable to escape from it.Therefore,longing to return home and looking for the lost spiritual paradise have become their common aspiration and eternal pursuit.


Steam injection improves yield and quality of product. Single step process for liquefying coal increases liquid yield and reduces hydrogen consumption. Principal difference between this and earlier processes includes injection of steam into reactor. Steam lowers viscosity of liquid product, so further upgrading unnecessary.


Superior vena cava (SVC) tear is the most lethal complication during transvenous lead extraction (TLE) with a mortality rate as high as 50%. Treatment involves aggressive attempts to maintain cardiac output and immediate sternotomy to localize and repair the vascular tear. Occlusion balloons have been developed to provisionally occlude the lacerated SVC and to provide hemodynamic stability allowing time for surgery. In case of mediastinal hematoma without hemodynamic instability, the strategy remains unclear.


This paper discussed how to construct a scientific experiment teaching system in terms of reforming laboratory administration system, deepening experiment teaching reform, strengthening the supervision of experiment teaching quality and improving working conditions of laboratory technicians.


Introduction and Aims: Fibrin-sealant has been recommended as a tissue glue for autologous chondrocyte implantation. It is known that the active compound of fibrin-sealant is thrombin, but its effect on chondrocytes is still unclear. The aims of this study are to examine if fibrin-sealant stimulates proliferation and survival of human chondrocytes.

Method: To determine if human chondrocytes express thrombin receptors, we have conducted immunoconfocal analyses and RT-PCR for the detection of PAR type I, II, III and IV. To examine if thrombin activates intracellular signalling of chondrocytes, we have examined the intracellular calcium signalling by thrombin. Proliferation of chondrocytes was also tested with various concentrations of thrombin. The migration of chondrocytes was monitored by co-culturing of the cells with fibrin-sealant for up to 15 days.

Results: Primary human chondrocytes express thrombin receptor PAR types I, II, II and IV as evidenced by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Induction of intracellular calcium signals was evidenced in majority of chondrocytes at 100 seconds after addition of thrombin. To confirm if evaluation of calcium signal activation is by a specific PAR receptor, we have examined the effect of specific peptides, which mimic the receptor activation on calcium signalling. The result showed that expression of PAR I and II receptor in chondrocytes is responsible for the activation of intracellular calcium. When human chondrocytes were co-cultured with thrombin at a dose between 1u/mL to 10u/mL, there was no effect on cellular proliferation at 24 hours. However at 48 hours, thrombin stimulated proliferation and survival of chondrocytes in a dose-dependent manner. A maximum of threefolds induction was evidenced at a dose of 10u/mL (p<0001). Co-culture of chondrocytes with fibrin-sealant showed that after 12 hours only a few cells had migrated from the membrane to the fibrin-sealant, but after 36 hours many cells had formed a layer on the surface of the fibrin-sealant. By 15 days of co-culture, it was evidenced that the majority of chondrocytes were migrating into the fibrin-sealant.

Conclusion: The results of this study show that human chondrocytes express thrombin receptor and fibrin-sealant is capable of inducing chondrocyte proliferation and migration.


Xiangshan ore field occurred in volcanic-intrusive complex body is the largest hydrothermal vein type uranium deposit in south China.This paper briefly reviews the history of geological research on Xiangshan uranium ore field' and mainly focuses on the new progress in the research on the uranium geology as follows: the age of volcanic complex is confirmed as early Cretaceous,the magma of volcanic rocks is characterized by a reversal evolution,the mineralization shows a relatively continuous evolution process,the uranium deposit belongs to a porphyry type that can be classified into the uranium or uranium-polymetallogenic series related with the late Yanshanian volcano-porphyry.Finally,the future research trend is predicted.


In recent years, a large number of malware has spread indiscriminately, which causes various significant cyberspace security incidents all over the world. Therefore, malware detection has become one of the important research topics in cyberspace security. At present, however, the practical teaching for malware detection mainly focuses on delivering the theory and skills, and actual combat training is relatively weak. As a novel method for malware recognition and analysis, software gene technology can quickly explore potential functional and behavioral information of malware, and detect unknown malware. Hence, building an experimental platform for malware gene analysis can effectively reduce the time required for students to quickly carry out the actual analysis process, support student needs for comprehensive data analysis, and provide a unified public service infrastructure for classroom teaching, practical training and scientific research.


Air quality planning in Central California is complicated and controversial despite millions of dollars invested to improve scientific understanding. This research describes and critiques the use of photochemical air quality simulation modeling studies in planning to attain standards for ground-level ozone in the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Joaquin Valley during the 1990's. Data are gathered through documents and interviews with planners, modelers, and policy-makers at public agencies and with representatives from the regulated and environmental communities. Interactions amongst organizations are diagramed to identify significant nodes of interaction. Dominant policy coalitions are described through narratives distinguished by their uses of and responses to uncertainty, their exposures to risks, and their responses to the principles of conservatism, civil duty, and caution. Policy narratives are delineated using aggregated respondent statements to describe and understand advocacy coalitions. I found that models impacted the planning process significantly, but were used not purely for their scientific capabilities. Modeling results provided justification for decisions based on other constraints and political considerations. Uncertainties were utilized opportunistically by stakeholders instead of managed explicitly. Ultimately, the process supported the partisan views of those in control of the modeling. Based on these findings, as well as a review of model uncertainty analysis capabilities, I recommend modifying the planning process to allow for the development and incorporation of uncertainty information, while addressing the need for inclusive and meaningful public participation. By documenting an actual air quality planning process these findings provide insights about the potential for using new scientific information and understanding to achieve environmental goals, most notably the analysis of uncertainties in modeling applications. Concurrently, needed uncertainty information is identified and capabilities to produce it are assessed. Practices to facilitate incorporation of uncertainty information are suggested based on research findings, as well as theory from the literatures of the policy sciences, decision sciences, science and technology studies, consensus-based and communicative planning, and modeling.


In recent years, there has been a persistent anomalous development of the climate. As a result of which pastures have been scorched, the yield of hayfields has sharply decreased, and temperature drops have been observed. In these conditions, the scientifically grounded choice of the breed and the creation of new genotypes adapted to local conditions and market requirements is an urgent problem. The object of the study were young stock (bulls-calves, heifer calves) and adult cattle (cows) of the Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus, and Kazakh whiteheaded breeds and young cattle cross-breeds of Hereford and Aberdeen-Angus bulls with scrub cattle. The article presents the analysis and determination of the breed resources of beef cattle for obtaining environmentally-safe beef. The study was conducted to establish the degree of adaptation of non-Kazakhstani beef breeds to the natural and climatic conditions of the West Kazakhstan region. Cross-bred animals had more pronounced adaptive properties in terms of hair cover and hair structure of the 1st and 2nd control groups. Simultaneously, in terms of main parameters of changes in hair cover and hair structure, purebred animals of the Hereford and Aberdeen-Angus breeds of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, in general, were characterized by rather good adaptive properties depending on changes in the external environment. The data on the biochemical composition of blood indicated the normal physiological state of animals of all groups. They showed good adaptive capabilities to the sharply continental climate of the steppes and semidesert of West Kazakhstan in animals of all groups.


An engine overrun preventing system for a vehicle, in which the overrun of an engine is prevented when the overrun of the engine is detected, by (i) switching a lock-up system provided in a torque convertor OFF to cause a slip, if it is detected that the lock-up system is in its ON state; (ii) shifting a transmission into a speed range which is one grade lower than a presently selected speed range and reducing vehicle speed by engine brake, if it is detected that the lock-up system is in its OFF state and that the transmission is placed in another speed range than a first speed; and (iii) actuating a brake to reduce vehicle speed, if it is detected that the lock-up system is in its OFF state and that the transmission is placed in the first speed and if a detected vehicle speed is equal to a predetermined vehicle speed or more.


Peak intestinal mucosal mast cell (MMC) recruitment coincides with expulsion of Trichinella spiralis , at a time when the majority of the MMCs are located within the epithelium in BALB/c mice. Although expression of integrin- (cid:1) E (cid:2) 7 by MMCs has not been formally demonstrated, it has been proposed as a poten-tial mechanism to account for the predominantly intraepithelial location of MMCs during nematode infection. Co-expression of integrin- (cid:1) E (cid:2) 7 and the MMC chymase mouse mast cell protease-1, by mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells, is strictly regulated by transforming growth factor (TGF)- (cid:2) 1 . However, TGF- (cid:2) 1 is secreted as part of a latent complex in vivo and subsequent extracellular modification is required to render it biologically active. We now show, for the first time, that intraepithelial MMCs express integrin- (cid:1) E (cid:2) 7 in Trichinella -infected BALB/c and S129 mice. In S129 mice that lack the gene for the integrin- (cid:2) 6 subunit and, as consequence, do not express the epithelial integrin- (cid:1) v (cid:2) 6 , integrin- (cid:1) E expression is virtually abolished and recruitment of MMCs into the intestinal epithelium tryptase polyclonal antibody in Western blots of mBMMC extracts. Samples and molecular weight standards ( MW ) were run on 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. Gels were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue (MW and lane 1 ), or transferred to Immobilon-P membrane and probed with affinity-purified rabbit anti-equine tryptase antibody ( lane 2 ). Subsequent incubations with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated mouse anti-rabbit IgG and BCIP/NBT sub- strate resulted in the detection of a band of (cid:7) 35 kd, consistent with the expected molecular weight for glycosylated murine tryptase(s), mouse mast cells protease-6, and/or protease-7.


Approaches and metrics useful in assuring reliable software, starting from the time at which requirements are defined, are discussed. This study provides the background for a discussion of technology and policy advances that are expected to greatly improve the ability to field the systems promised.<<ETX>>


Clustering is an important technique used in wireless sensor network to improve the energy efficiency of the network, to obtain scalability and thus improve the network life time. Many researches in this area focused on energy-efficient solutions but not efficiently analyse the network performance, e.g., in terms of congestion, reliability etc. In this paper, we propose a protocol namely EECP which helps to achieve accurate event detection, energy efficiency and less traffic. With the help of a program or software namely Mobile Agent (MA), EECP choose one CH based on initial energy and the data aggregation taking place only in CH, and by data aggregation in CH ensure the accuracy of the event by CDR. The main objective of this paper is to provide a useful MA-based Clustering Algorithm (MACA) to achieve both energy efficiency and congestion resolution. The algorithm selects Cluster Head (CH), based on energy level of each Cluster Nodes (CN) with the help of a MA. Evaluation of the algorithm implementation shows an increase in throughput more than 50% compared with other schemes.


We present a heterogeneous search algorithm for broadband extended gravitational-wave emission (BEGE), expected from gamma-ray bursts and energetic core-collapse supernovae. It searches the $(f,\dot{f})$-plane for long duration bursts by inner engines slowly exhausting their energy reservoir by matched filtering on a {\em Graphics Processor Unit} (GPU) over a template bank of millions of one-second duration chirps. Parseval's Theorem is used to predict the standard deviation $\sigma$ of filter output, taking advantage of near-Gaussian noise in LIGO S6 data over 350-2000 Hz. Tails exceeding a mulitple of $\sigma$ are communicated back to a {\em Central Processing Unit} (CPU). This algorithm attains about 65\% efficiency overall, normalized to the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). At about one million correlations per second over data segments of 16 s duration $(N=2^{16}$ samples), better than real-time analysis is achieved on a cluster of about a dozen GPUs. We demonstrate its application to the capture of high frequency hardware LIGO injections. This algorithm serves as a starting point for deep all-sky searches in both archive data and real-time analysis in current observational runs.


This paper discusses two processes that affect the delta 15N of forests. Firstly the mixing with N deposition with a different 15N signature than the forest itself and secondly the fractionation of the 15N through different N transformation processes followed by the loss of the lighter fraction resulting in enrichment of the remaining N with 15N. The latter process is thought to happen more strongly if N availability is larger and so it is thought that a higher delta 15N is an indication of a higher N availability.


Objective The value of secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCS) in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer is controversial. The aim of this population-based study was to investigate the role of SCS in the Netherlands. Methods Data of 408 patients who underwent SCS between 2000 and 2013 were retrospectively collected from 38 Dutch hospitals. Survival after complete and incomplete SCS was estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves. Factors associated with overall survival (OS) were explored with Cox regression. Results Median OS after SCS was 51 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 44.8–57.2). Complete SCS was achieved in 295 (72.3%) patients, with an OS of 57 months (95% CI, 49.0–65.0) compared with 28 months (95% CI, 20.8–35.2) in patients with incomplete SCS (log-rank test; P < 0.001). Nonserous histology (HR 0.65; 95% CI 0.45–0.95), a long progression free interval (hazard ratio [HR], 0.29; 95% CI, 0.07–1.18), a good performance status (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.49–0.94), SCS without preoperative chemotherapy (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.51–1.01), and complete SCS (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.33–0.64) were prognostic factors for survival. Conclusions This population-based retrospective study showed that there might be a role for SCS in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer especially when complete SCS can be accomplished. However, before adopting SCS as a standard treatment modality for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer, results of 3 ongoing prospectively randomized trials are needed.


Purpose This paper presents the rules for determining the net asset value according to the AIFM Directive which have fundamentally changed regulation of the European alternative funds industry. The paper discusses how these rules must be applied to ensure a reliable and objective valuation and to protect the interests of investors. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws upon experience gained in the market following the implementation of rules on fund valuation in the European Union in 2011 and further in Germany in 2013. The valuation rules for relevant asset classes are presented and discussed in the light of the overarching goal of investor protection. Findings The paper's findings show that the market participants saw the increased requirements as an opportunity and that they have adapted to the new system. This also applies to fund valuation, even though some people criticise terminology, lack of clarity and the complexity of the new valuation scheme from a practical perspective. Also due to the...


The paper is focused on the efficiency of using such probiotic preparations as Lactoaminovital, Sporonormin and Acid-Lac on the digestibility of food nutrients, as well as on organoleptical parameters and chemical composition of broiler chicken meat.


The cascaded H-bridge inverter plays an important role for achieving a high output voltage using standard low voltage rating semiconductor devices in dc-ac power conversion. It possesses shoot-through problem, and requires dead-time in switching signals to solve it. The dead-time reduces practical voltage gain and output waveforms quality. To overcome these inconveniences, an improved cascaded dual-buck inverter having no shoot-through problem is presented in this paper. It can be operated without using dead-times in switching signals. Additionally, the proposed inverter is capable of using power MOSFETs without reverse recovery issues of their body diodes to boost efficiency and increase switching frequencies. Compared to the conventional dual-buck dc-ac inverter, the proposed inverter reduces the inverter volume and cost by using fewer inductors. To validate the feasibility of the proposed inverter simulation and experimental results are presented.


The involvement of young people in revolutionary movements and the transitional process of change is well known throughout history. The emergence of the socialist and national movements in Europe during the mid-nineteenth century raised awareness of the potential role of the young generation in promoting new ideas. This was further accelerated at the beginning of the twentieth century, when adolescence was recognized as a social and cultural stage in life, thus resulting in the foundation of youth movements and the enactment of various regulations concerning the


Objective To investigate the drug resistance of patients samples in terms of pathogenic bacteria in order to provide the basis for clinical diagnosis,treatment of blood infection.Methods Six hundred and seventy-one bacteria strains out of 5042 blood samples of hospitalized patients were used to analyze its characters and drug resistance from January 2009 to December 2012 in the people's hospital of inner mongolia autonomous region.BacT AIERT 3D automatic rapid microbial detection system was applied to perform blood culture.The bacteria identification and drug sensitivity test (MIC method) were detected by using VITEK 2Compact automatic bacteria identification instrument.Results Bacteria positive rate was 13.3% (671/5042),of which the gram negative bacilli accounted for 49.9% (335/671),and gram positive for 40.8% (274/671).The top 5 bacteria strains of blood samples were escherichia coli,staphylococcus,staphylococcus aureus,klebsiella pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus.The pathogenic bacteria rates of blood samples were 30.5%(29/95),44.4% (55/124) and 52.5% (94/179) respectively during 2009-2012.The main source of blood bacteria renal were department of internal medicine ward (12.1%,81/671),department of general surgery (11.6%,78/671),and ICU ward (10.6%,71/671).The detected bacteria rate in department of general surgery separation rate increased to the first in 2012 from fifth in 2009.However the detected bacteria rate in department of internal medicine was down to the tenth in 2012 from the third in 2009.The drug resistance rate of imipenem,piperacillin/tazobactam,cefotaxime,ceftazidime resistant cefotetan on escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae were all less than 9.7%,and the rate of linezolid,vancomycin,teicoplanin,quinupristin/dafoe leptin and nitrofurantoin resistance of staphylococcus aureus,staphylococcus bacteria and gold staphylococcus aureus were all less than 2.3%.Conclusion The distribution,sources and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria had been changed recently.Therefore the laboratory shall strengthen the monitoring of drug resistance of bacteria in the bloodstream infection in order to guide clinical rational application of antibiotics.

Key words:
Blood sample culture;  Blood infection;  Drug resistance;  Monitoring


University student hostels not only can promote sustainability by adopting its features on their practices, but they also can develop the culture of sustainability in society. That is why hostels can be considered as small cities due to their large size, population, and the various complex practices taking place on their operation. This study aims to evaluate economic, social, and environmental practices of university student hostels towards meeting the requirements of sustainable development (SD). Data were collected by developed questionnaire. Originally, 180 questionnaire forms were distributed to employees of different six university student hostels. Only 105 questionnaires were returned giving a response rate of 58.3%. Data were statistically analyzed by using frequencies & percentages, Spearman correlation coefficient, and regression analysis. The findings of the study indicate that the majority of economic, social, and environmental requirements are not being implemented with sufficient strength into hostels' practices. The factors influenced sustainability of practices was all positively confirmed by findings of the empirical study. Awareness of management had the highest influence on sustainability of practices, followed by leadership & management attitude, participation willingness of employees, and finally the contribution of stakeholders. In addition, the most challenges and obstacles encounter hostels were financial challenges, lack of awareness, the shortage of information on programs and fixtures associated with SD, and insufficiency of current legislation. The study concluded providing a framework and some recommendations to implement sustainability into hostel operations.


Drinking-water distribution systems facilitate to carry portable water from water resources such as reservoirs, river, and water tanks to industrial, commercial and residential consumers through complex pipe networks. This system may be affected by acts of pollution that may be intentional or accidental. Hence, it's necessary to prevent any intrusion into water distribution systems and to detect pollution as soon as possible. Therefore, water monitoring is required to maintain a good water quality for human and animal life. In this paper we intend to control the quality of the drinking-water using wireless sensor networks. First, we start with a detailed architecture of our smart system. This architecture uses a new generation of wireless sensors to detect the chemical, physical and microbiological water parameters. After, the water quality limits according to the Tunisian standard will exposed. Then we develop a new detection model of water anomalies. Our model is based on machine learning to detect anomalies and malicious acts in real time. In our solution a data aggregation method is created to minimize the amount of data and reduce the processing time.


This study describes the possibilities of using financial allocations from the European structural funds in order to help environmental problem-solving in the town of Přerov. Přerov is situated in the west of Přerov district on the both sides of the River Becva. This river is a powerful element creating the scenery and substantially affecting the area of environment. The town is strongly represented by developed industry and is the important junction of land and rail transport. Therefore, it is facing numerous problems with environment. In the theoretical part, I describe general conditions for using funds from the European Union, what kinds of funds are available and how to use them. In the second part, the practical one, I introduce the current state of the environment. I also show strategic goals in the town development. Then, I submit particular problematic areas to analysis. Finally, I suggest consequent solutions of critical problems. The study is concluded by a project on one of the problem's solution.


This paper investigates empirically the effects of the market factor on the degree of portfolio diversification extracted from Markowitz's mean-variance (MV) model to explore an alternative method for improving the practical usefulness of the model. It controls for various properties included in a correlation matrix of stocks in a portfolio. According to the results based on correlation matrices with and without the property of the market factor, the strength of the market factor has a negative effect on the degree of portfolio diversification in the MV model. This finding is stronger for periods of market crashes. These results suggest that the method for controlling for properties included in the correlation matrix might be a possible solution for enhancing the usefulness of the MV model from a practical perspective.


The CTLA‐4 molecule plays an important role in immune regulation by downregulating activation of T cells. Polymorphisms in the CTLA‐4 gene have been shown to be associated to a number of autoimmune diseases including blood disorders. In this study, the intragenic polymorphisms of the CTLA‐4 gene at position −318*C/T, +49*A/G, and the dinucleotide (AT)n repeat polymorphism in exon 3 were analyzed in patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Genotype and haplotype analysis showed that the exon 1+49*AA genotype was over‐represented among patients with NHL (P = 0.002), whereas no difference was observed for the −318*C/T promoter and the (AT)n polymorphisms (P > 0.05). The data obtained indicate that the CTLA‐4+49A/G polymorphism may have a role in genetic susceptibility to NHL. Am. J. Hematol. 76:14–18, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Communication technologies have evolved and grown exponentially in recent years. Unfortunately, this growth is not the case in rural areas, where the small population density does not justify the investment made by internet providers. The creation and development of projects in rural wireless networks are often a cheap and effective alternative. However, these projects tend to disappear soon after their implementation mainly because of poor quality of electricity, lack of specialized teams, lack of periodic and predictive maintenance and the absence of money to keep the project sustainable for many years. Based on these issues, a proposal was prepared for a management model that aims to eliminate the difficulties inherent to wireless networks in rural areas through the creation of intelligent system for monitoring devices and services that allow efficient diagnosis and troubleshooting as well as proactive maintenance. The management model succeed in decreasing the cost of specialized personnel and unnecessary travel to the network location, by creating solutions for automatic recovery and dynamically manage the configuration of the devices. The management model also presents an intelligent distributed system that can help the network administrators in maintenance tasks by applying automatic intelligent actions and decisions, ease the installation of new network devices for end users, automatically update existing devices, and manage network traffic by applying algorithms that will decide based on intelligence. This is achieved by using an intelligent distributed system that is executed in every device of the network and is capable of making decisions and actions that will help administrators with problem-solving, automatic configuration of devices, proactive bandwidth and network traffic management, and reduction of costs in maintaining the network. The results obtained by implementing the management model in a rural wireless network, allow to prove the effectiveness in the diagnosis and the resolution


A numerical and analytical study of conditional and unconditional direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is presented. Explicit expressions for the unconditional Cramer-Rao bounds on the DOA estimation accuracy and the covariance matrix of the conditional maximum likelihood method are given. It is shown that many DOA estimation methods have the same asymptotic statistical properties under conditional and unconditional models. The situation of two narrowband plane signals impinging on a uniformly spaced linear array is discussed. >


This paper analyzes the optimal use of fiscal policy and sovereign debt repayment as signals in an asymmetric information environment. It shows that the presence of government private information could turn an optimal full-information countercyclical fiscal policy into a pro-cyclical one that exacerbates the cycle. This may occur if the effect of aggregate shocks on the signaling properties of fiscal policy is not symmetric across states. An alternative channel for this result could be the impact of the cycle on the government borrowing constraints. These two mechanisms provide a rational for the observed pro-cyclicality in fiscal policy in emerging countries where both private information and sovereign borrowing constraints are more pervasive than in developed economies


In high energy neutrino emulsion collisions, the normalized distribution of two particle relative pseudorapidity and the correlation between the mean maximum number density of shower particles and multiplicity are investigated.


Style transfer is a research hotspot in computer vision. Up to now, it is still a challenge although many researches have been conducted on it for high quality style transfer. In this work, we propose an algorithm named ASTCNN which is a real-time Arbitrary Style Transfer Convolution Neural Network. The ASTCNN consists of two independent encoders and a decoder. The encoders respectively extract style and content features from style and content and the decoder generates the style transferred image images. Experimental results show that ASTCNN achieves higher quality output image than the state-of-the-art style transfer algorithms and the floating point computation of ASTCNN is 23.3% less than theirs.


This paper proposes Graph Grouping (GG) loss for metric learning and its application to face verification. GG loss predisposes image embeddings of the same identity to be close to each other, and those of different identities to be far from each other by constructing and optimizing graphs representing the relation between images. Further, to reduce the computational cost, we propose an efficient way to compute GG loss for cases where embeddings are L2 normalized. In experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for face verification on the VoxCeleb dataset. The results show that the proposed GG loss outperforms conventional losses for metric learning.


Probabilistic assessment of the maximum blade response on a mistuned rotor disk is performed using the computer code NESSUS. The uncertainties in natural frequency, excitation frequency, amplitude of excitation and damping have been included to obtain the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of blade responses. Advanced mean value first order analysis is used to compute CDF. The sensitivities of different random variables are identified. Effect of the number of blades on a rotor on mistuning is evaluated. It is shown that the uncertainties associated with the forcing function parameters have significant effect on the response distribution of the bladed rotor.


The study objective was to determine the fuelwood harvesting rotation and magnitude of nutrient accumulation by the sodic tolerant species Dalbergia sissoo and Prosopis juliflora for the rehabilitation of sodic wastelands. Mean annual increment and current annual increment growth of these trees reached a peak in six‐year‐old stands. Leaves dominated the litter of these species and contained high concentrations of most nutrients. N, Ca, Mg, and Fe were present in larger concentrations than other nutrients. Organic carbon additions at harvest after six years averaged 16 Mg ha−1, while soil pH was reduced from 9.8 to 8.6. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) values decreased 65 and 29% under P. juliflora and D. sissoo, respectively, after harvest. These tree species produced significant root spread and deep penetration and were able to rehabilitate sodic soil effectively.


An experimental study of the rheological properties of natural mudflow at Lian-yu Harbor in China has been carried out in this work by using the RS6000 rheometer,including steady and dynamic(oscillatory) measurements.Based on the experimental results and analysis,it is found that in the steady me...


The joint discussion of Roger Frie's "From Memorials to Bomb Shelters" and Martin Gossmann's "Memento Auschwitz: Growing Up in Post-War Germany" examines some of the intergenerational psychological issues related to the atrocities committed during the Third Reich: the fate of autobiographical and collective memories as these are transmitted from generation to generation and the moral imperative to remember the Holocaust and the emotional obstacles that stand in its way. The discussion also includes the transformation of guilt into a sense of responsibility that can potentially lead to redeeming actions.


Introduction The works of AV Hill and coworkers, AF Huxley and followers, Eisenberg and coworkers, Lombardi and coworkers are rapidly sketched. This hypothesis discusses the possible uncertainties in the interpretation of data in proposed mechanisms of skeletal muscle contraction. The hypothesis In the Huxley-Simmons model, the elastic element must be stretched by one-dimensional fluctuations (Brownian motions) before any chemical change in state. The transition rates are made realistic by assuming that three or more attached states are necessary. Evaluation of hypothesis Some of the concepts generally accepted in the models of muscle contraction are cast in doubt. They are: the lack of consideration of the water–protein interactions; the belief that viscosity is irrelevant in the economy of muscle contraction; the concept of the drag stroke; the significance of the Huxley-Simmons manoeuvre; the possible interference of the equipment on the measurements; and the lack of consideration of the acceleration of the load. Conclusion The lack of consideration of the above items may compromise the correct building of the model of muscle contraction. Introduction Hill's work AV Hill and coworkers investigated muscle contraction for more than 40 years. The beauty of their work is that the mechanical measurements were always accompanied by thermodynamic measurements. As a matter of fact, contraction velocity, tension, work produced, energy output and heat released were always concomitantly measured. Two fundamental concepts were established: 1) the relation between the contraction velocity and the tension produced. Hill's equation1 (Figure 1): (P + a) (v + b) = (P0 + a) b where, a and b are constants and 2) that the extra heat produced in shortening a given distance varies with the load, so that the constant α of the heat of shortening for frog sartorii at 0°C, is given by2 (Figure 2): α = 0.16 (± 0.015) P0 + 0.18 (± 0.027) P The sliding filament model In the initial hypothesis of AF Huxley3, the amplitude of the power stroke was a function of the available thermal energy. It was also assumed that at maximum velocity, where tension equals zero, the net positive force exerted by myosin heads attached in the power stroke equals the net negative force exerted by heads that have been carried into the drag-stroke region. In a second model, AF Huxley and Simmons4 assumed that, after attachment, the cross-bridges rotate from one to the next of a few positions with progressively lower potential energy while stretching a 40 nm long elastic linkage. At the end of the rotation, the detachment of myosin head was caused by the hydrolysis of ATP. The model of Eisenberg et al. In the model of Huxley and Simmons4, the elastic element must be stretched by one-dimensional fluctuations (Brownian motion) before any transition may occur, as a consequence, to make the transition rates realistic, three or more attached states are necessary. Eisenberg et al.5, on the contrary, assume that in the transitions, elasticity and chemical changes of state are linked. The conformational change of the attached cross-bridge therefore affects both the free energy and the force exerted by the crossbridge. Further, the model of Eisenberg et al.5 predicts that the number of the attached cross-bridges (and not their force) decreases with the shortening velocity. The length of the power stroke and the force delivered by the motors The response of the cross-bridge to the same output of mechanical energy may be threefold: (1) weak force and large motion, (2) strong force and short motion and (3) variable force/distance ratio depending on the load. According to AF Huxley, the response of the cross-bridge is of the weak force – large motion3, with a ~10 nm power stroke4. It is, however, most likely that that the force/ distance ratio changes with the load. This possibility was first formulated theoretically by Worthington and Elliott6, then experimentally by Piazzesi et al.7, who proposed the step size to decrease from 7 nm at zero load to 4 nm at 80% of the isometric load. * Corresponding author Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare, Universita di Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy


Abstract : A series of subsonic wind tunnel evaluations were undertaken to establish minimum drag fairings for helicopter hubs as part of the Helicopter drag Technology Program. The data reported were taken to investigate the flow phenomena affecting helicopter rotor hubs. Three large, 25 percent thick, analytically faired hubs were evaluated (both with and without simulated rotor blade shanks) over a wide range of angles of attack at full scale Reynolds numbers. Forces, moments, and pressures were measured on the hubs.


The aim of this study was to characterize the activation of caspase‐3 along the crypt/villus axis in the normal and irradiated intestine and to compare active caspase‐3 expression with existing apoptosis detection techniques. Small and large intestine were removed from mice at various time points after exposure to 8 Gy γ‐radiation. Positive apoptotic cells stained with an antibody against active caspase‐3, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or TUNEL were scored in histological sections of small and large intestinal crypts and villi. In the control intestine, active caspase‐3 expression was rarely observed; however, expression was markedly increased following exposure to radiation and was predominantly confined to apoptotic bodies. Measurement of apoptosis in intestinal crypts using active caspase‐3 expression gave similar results to apoptosis detected from H&E‐stained sections. In the normal villus, active caspase‐3 expression was observed infrequently and did not significantly increase following radiation, consistent with a lack of apoptotic body formation from H&E sections. This study indicates that caspase‐3 is activated in intestinal crypts but not in villi following γ‐radiation. Active caspase‐3 detection compared favourably with existing immunological techniques, suggesting that it is a suitable alternative method for apoptosis quantification. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Changes in  the  global scope has occurred  in  developing countries,  include  in  Indonesia.  There are several consequences from  those  large  changes, for example the development  of shopping center and  housing.  Malang  is  one  of  the  cities  which  experiencing  the  problem  of  housing.  There  are thousands  of  small  housing  encountered  on  the  outskirts  of  this  city .  Government  attempts  to  make  a program which provides lower  to midle level society  with healthy and subsidized housing, so  they do not need to rent a house anymore. Evaluation of post-occupancy is a systematic evaluation process after housing was built and occupied for several years. This evaluation conducted to evaluate the effectiveness  of  the  program.  This  evaluation  consist  of  three  elements.  First,  the  healthyness element, which consists of technical design issues  such as health, safety and security aspects for the users  of  the  building.  Second,  the  functional  element  which relates  with to  what extent  the  users  able to  operate  efficiently  and  effectively  in  the  house.  Third,  the  behavioral elements  to  what extent psychological and sociological aspect of users are influenced by the house design. The existence of building  which  is  too  simple,  forces  the  occupant  to  adapt  with  their  environment  of  housing subsidies.


CATECHOLAMINES modulate a host of diverse responses in man. These responses are initiated by the interaction of catecholamines with discrete sites located on the plasma membrane of cells. Adrenergi...


Clinicians often face many challenges in the pharmacological treatment of late-life psychiatric illness especially while choosing an antipsychotic drug. The choice of antipsychotic is mostly guided by the extension of evidence from the adult population and tolerability. In India, based on evidence commonly prescribed antipsychotic drugs for older adults are quetiapine (QTP) followed by olanzapine (OLZN) and risperidone. Cariprazine is a newer antipsychotic that was recently launched in India. It is a novel mechanism of action at D3 receptors is known to have antidepressant and procognitive action in addition to the antipsychotic effects which is desirable in geriatric population. It can be a potential option as an add-on drug in late-life depression in addition to the existing aripiprazole and OLZN. The treatment of late-life mania and very late-onset schizophrenia is limited by the paucity of studies, with randomized control studies done only on QTP and amisulpride, respectively. Cariprazine can be considered in late-life psychotic disorders with the evidence available from its efficacy studies in adult patients. Merits of cariprazine are favorable metabolic profile, cardiac safety, and procognitive action. Demerits include extrapyramidal symptoms and fluctuations in blood pressure. Slower titration and monitoring for akathisia are recommended. There is a need for controlled studies in older adults with cariprazine to get better informed about its efficacy and safety.


Neo-martial art movies changes the exterior aesthetic features of the old one,with new martial art style,fine picture form,and colorful cold weapons.Neo-martial art movies innovates the interior aesthetic idea:"martial" is no longer of great value destructing traditional warrior spirit.Figures lost their egos while suffering from spiritual hurt.


The environment factor such as the soil moisture,air temperature,humidity and so on in the facility cultivation was designed with the method of fuzzy control,based on 51 monolithic integrated circuits examinations and the control system.


that would be affected $6,500 per year for the next 25 years! This staggering cost would pay for adding or improving water plants, sewer plants, police and fire protection, school operations, busing, roads, government administration, utilities, libraries, health care, and recreation. In short, a whole new community would have to be built almost from scratch. Meanwhile Youngstown suffered an unemployment rate in February 1982 of almost 20%. There is hardly need to add that the loss of wages and the costs to government in uncollected taxes are considerable. Nor can anyone calculate the human costs in mental and physical illness that such a blow to a community brings. Ed Mann, former president of local 1462 (Brier Hill Works), told me that some of his union members had remortgaged themselves on the repeated assurance of management that the rumors of plant closing were untrue. Within a few months they could no longer pay for their new homes. Lynd contrasts the responsible way plant closings are handled in Sweden and the callous manner in which operations are terminated in our own country. He raises the fundamental question: what kind of society do we want? The history of Youngstown's plant shutdowns proves conclusively that some kind of public ownership is needed — especially where private industry refuses to modernize. There is, Lynd emphasizes, a pressing need for social control of investment decisions. If the TVA was made necessary because private enterprise would not bring electricity to the Tennessee Valley, surely the need for steel in modern America may prove equally indispensible. The Youngstown story need not be repeated.


The aim of this study is to provide genuine justification for the use of the measurement and evaluation model for the sustainable performance of lean production. This study emphasises the main justification for the use and application of this model in organisations. It is considered an integrated and comprehensive system for measuring and evaluating sustainable performance. Also, this study demonstrates the role of the model in connecting general strategy with the operational strategy of the organisation. There are three basic steps to be followed in building a model for achieving sustainable development: the implementation of the model for sustainable performance; building and application of the proposed model; and determination of the target outputs of the proposed model. This study found that the most essential factors for the construction and implementation of the proposed model are related to the organisational culture and the management of relations with different parties, such as senior management, shareholders, customers, workers, suppliers, legislators and society. Due to the many impacts on sustainability during the product life cycle, organisations and nonorganisations are only interested in the production phase. Lessons can therefore be learnt from other industrial environments by dividing the organisations into many paths and administrative units. Practically, the study tested the validity of the model for economic, environmental and social performance in order to obtain an indicator showing sustainable performance and the achievement of a sustainable development strategy.


MgO nanotube clusters which cross sections are composed of two-, three-, four-, and five-membered rings are constructed and studied by the density functional theory at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The variations of bond length present anisotropic effect. Three-membered ring nanotube cluster is the most stable tube among these MgO isomers. Mixed covalent and ionic bonding always exists in MgO nanotube clusters. With increasing length of MgO nanotube clusters, the averaged atomic charge increases, and converge to 1.227; the s-p separation of O bands decreases; whereas energy gap nearby frontier orbitals present dramatic difference corresponding to various structure family. It is possible that MgO nanotube clusters show electronic properties of semiconductor. An interpretation for MgO nanotube clusters fabricated by simply thermal methods is proposed. The structural and electronic properties of MgO nanotube clusters are discussed systematically in details. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009


Microstructure of plasma nitrocarburized/sulphurized composite layer on CrMoCu cast iron was investigated by means of SEM,TEM,EDS analysis and XRD.The effect of plasma nitrocarburization treatment on formation of sulphurized layer was examined.Results show that the roughening surface of the specimen after nitrocarburizing provides the abundant interface and defect for the reaction between sulphur and the layer,and e-phase Fe3N formed in the process of nitrocarburization is favourable for the formation of sulphurized layer due to the same crystal structure of e-Fe3N and FeS.


In the first edition of Cultural Sociology, we published articles commissioned from a number of eminent sociologists hailing from a range of countries, in which they set out both their views as to what they regarded as some of the most important issues facing cultural sociology (or the sociology of culture) in the present day, and also their proposed means of developing the field over the next decade or so. The articles were deliberately intended to be 'thought pieces', embodying broad visions as to the current nature, and future possible contours, of cultural sociology. We noted that the first edition was therefore somewhat atypical, in that in future editions the emphasis would be primarily on articles which were empirically based, detailing specific aspects of human socio-cultural existence. We also depicted the journal's editorial policy, namely to publish empirically oriented, theoretically sophisticated, methodologically sound articles, which explore from a broad set of sociological perspectives a diverse range of substantive areas of socio-cultural life. The articles published in this, the second edition of the journal, very much reflect that editorial policy. They all, in one way or another, engage with concrete contexts in which particular cultural and social forces and phenomena are at work. They conceptualize these latter from a variety of sophisticated theoretical positions, and in so doing further develop the theoretical repertoires which they adumbrate. They also deploy a range of methodological approaches, such as interviews and documentary analysis. A number of the articles are explicitly concerned with contributing to, and moving on, debates which have been central in cultural sociology in recent years. Thus, for example, the article by Dickinson on the sociology of journalistic matters, contends that 'over the past 50 years the product of journalists' work and the structural, organizational and external forces that help to shape it have been subject to somewhat closer sociological scrutiny than have journalists themselves'. In place of these emphases, Dickinson proposes 'altering the focus of research away from the problem of media power and the construction of meaning, returning to the sociology of journalists in place of the sociology of journalism'. Whether sociologists of the media agree with his contentions or not, Dickinson's article embodies some of the virtues of the sorts of work Cultural Sociology will publish in future editions, namely pieces which involve


If areas of the Tonopah Test Range (TTR) are to be used for experimental tests of procedures for clean-up of /sup 239/Pu contamination, there are experiences in the Great Basin Desert portions of the Nevada Test Site (NTS) which can serve as guides to reclamation and revegetation of such arid lands. Procedures which will encourage development of the grasses Hilaria jamesii and Oryzopsis hymenoides, as well as the perennial shrubs Eurotia lanata and Atriplex canescens would greatly improve the area as range land.


This study aims to explain the historical background of entrepreneurship culture in Banjar ethnic families in Nagara village, Palangka Raya City, Indonesia. The research design uses qualitative research with the Spradley ethnography approach. The respondents are gold and diamond entrepreneurs living in Nagara village. Data collection techniques include participant observation and in-depth interviews. The results reveal that entrepreneurship culture in Banjar ethnic family is based on their family background where they are descendants of traders, and their entrepreneurship behavior that has been passed from generation to generation through trade habits to bequeath the science and talent of trade and bequeath technical expertise. To sum up, culture that exists in the Banjar Ethnic family, particularly in regards to the entrepreneurship culture, can affect the interest of descendants to become entrepreneurs.