to play down miracles. No Christian wanted to represent Jesus as a goes, which is how Celsus represented him. On the other hand, can we really criticise people in the ancient world for being impressed by miracles of healing? The Church maintained, as Jesus had maintained, that these healings were signs of God's saving love. There is nothing discreditable in being converted by this means, as plenty of people still are so converted today. M.'s erudition, as shown in his bibliography and in the evidence which he handles, is beyond reproach. The question is whether his erudition has succeeded in penetrating into the hearts of the converts to Christianity in the Roman Empire. Some certainly in the fourth century were converted by force majeure, or by the threat of it. But then many in the second and third centuries were converted in spite of the risk of ruin, torture and death. And even in the fourth century there were plenty of Christians who were capable of resisting Imperial pressure. Why did both Constantine and Constantius II find persecuting the Donatists so unprofitable an exercise? Why did this latter monarch and Valens fail to make their religious opinions widely accepted? Why did Theodosius' coercion succeed? There must have been a considerable body of independent Christian opinion not ready to be led anywhere by Imperial policy, capable of making up its own mind and sticking to it. So complicated, so elusive a question could hardly be decided within the space of 150 pages, even very learned ones like these. M. might have looked at the case of the obscure Pachomius, converted early in the fourth century by a Christian couple who were kind to him when he was a frightened and lonely conscript. He might have considered an interesting case who fell only just outside his period, that of Patrick who certainly was no intellectual but who has given us as revealing a record of his mind as any in antiquity. In fact M.'s sources for Christianity in Britain are not as abundant as they might have been. He could have read with profit Jocelyn Toynbee's suggestions about the Christian interpretation of motifs in pagan art (pp. 77, 78). I do not see how he can say (p. 71) that Augustine's conversion (to Christianity) took place only a decade after Julian's (to paganism). And George, Arian bishop of Alexandria, was lynched in 361, not 363 (p. 90). The style is inappropriately chatty and bitty, and at times deteriorates badly (e.g. p. 7 para 4; sentence leading from p. 66 to p. 67). R. P. C. HANSON


Tetany in the neonatal period was first described by Kehrer 1913 (34). At that time no biochemical investigations were carried out but it was indicated that these patients had an excellent therapeutic response to the oral administration of calcium chloride. In 1917 Howland and Mariott (29) reported the first satisfactory chemical study and there was a vague understanding of the relation between tetany and hypocalcemina. Infants showing signs of hypocalcemic tetany within a few hours of life were reported by Shannon 1923 (47), Bakwin 1937 (8) and Willi 1939 (58) Early neonatal hypocalcemia (NHC) is clearly distinguished from the well established later form of neonatal hypocalcemia which usually occurs at the end of the first week of life (53). This later form of hypocalcemia has been shown by Gardner et al. (22) to be induced by a phosphate load when the infant is fed too much with cow's milk. As this late form is well documented the interest of the present study has been focused on the more obscure early form of neonatal hypocalcemia. The symptoms of NHC vary in the literature but the most commonly noted signs of NHC are: )jib terinesw or hyperactivity, twitching of one or more of the extremities and changes in muscle tone. Early NHC should be considered to be present when these signs occur during the first 36 hours of life together with a low plasma calcium. The signs should also subside when the plasma calcium is normalized. Several studies on early neonatal NHC also called ufirst-day NHC)), sNHC in the first 36 hours of life)) have been done (2, 11, 12, 17, 20, 23, 25, 28,33,35,37,40,42,44-46, 52,53, 59). These studies have established that NHC occurs more often in pre-term infants and in infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) than in normal infants (17, 25, 52, 53, 59). The incidence of NHC varies from 26 to 50 % in pre-term infants (12, 25, 53) in contrast to 1.2 % in full-term infants (12, 17, 25). Zetterstrom and Amhold (59) described NHC in 9 of 19 IDM (50 %) while Gittleman et al. (25) reported 27 % when insulin-dependent diabetic mothers and 20 % when ))prediabetic)) mothers. Tsang et al. (52) found an incidence of NHC of 25 %. This increased incidence was largely related to the incidence in White's class B, C and D. The authors found th is incidence of NHC to be significantly increased even when gestational age and perinatal complications were taken into consideration (52) Some authors have found a higher incidence in connection with caesarean section and after complicated deliveries (17, 25, 46, 59), while others have not (52, 53). Different values have, however, been reported for total plasma calcium (Ca-tot) at which early NHC occurs. The values range from 7-9 mg/ 100 ml plasma (12, 28, 46, 53, 59). 7 mg/l00 ml plasma is most commonly accepted as the limit (53). Many authors have, however, reported several cases in whom no clear-cut correlation existed between the value of total plasma calcium and the clinical signs of NHC (12, 17,35,45). Bruch and Weintraube (12) found that even with levels of Ca-tot between 6-7 mg/100 ml abnormal signs were noted in only 7 out of 22 observations. Rosenkranz (45) observed infants with low values of Ca-tot but no signs of NHC. Other authors (17, 50) have noted the same discrepancy between Catot and clinical signs of NHC. With the use of direct measurement of ionized calcium the literature also presents different limits at which NHC appears. Riegel and Harms (42) and Radde (40) give 2.8 mg/100 ml and Brown et al. (1 1) give 3.5 mg/100 ml as the limit.


Study suggests rosacea may be outcome of systemic inflammation with evidence linking the condition to cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and even some neurological diseases.


In this paper some factors affecting the spatial and diachronic
variability of the infant mortality in Italy are discussed together with the age
structure and the seasonal pattern of infant deaths in Sardinia. The first official
statistics after unification of Italy, in the nineteenth century, revealed the
existence of significant regional differences in the levels of infant and child
mortality. Sardinia seems to have been in better conditions since his infant
mortality rate appears to be lower compared to all the other Italian regions. This
advantage depends crucially on the very low risk for new-borns to die in the
first month. However, after that period, between 1 and 12 months, the mortality
rate in Sardinia was higher than the one referred to Italy average. A similar
pattern of low neonatal and high post-neonatal mortality was observed in some
areas of Great Britain (west Cornwall and south-Wales) as well, but it remains
difficult to explain.


[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the relationship between the genetic polymorphism of PPARγ-2 and the susceptibility of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in Guangxi Bama mini-pig.[Method] 24 Guangxi Bama mini-pigs were fed with high-fat and high-sucrose diet and partial sequences of exon 2 of PPARγ-2 gene were amplified by PCR method.The contents of blood glucose and insulin in Guangxi Bama mini-pig under fasting conditions were determined and the glucose tolerance test(GTT) was also carried out.[Result] There was one SNP site(19813A→G)in partial sequence of exon 2 of the cloned PPARγ-2 gene.And two genotypes,AA(7 pigs) and AG(17 pigs)were detected.The fasting blood insulin content and 60 min blood glucose level in GTT in AG-genotype Guangxi Bama mini-pig were significantly higher than that of AA genotype(P0.05).The incidence of T2DM in AG-genotype Guangxi Bama mini-pig(71.4%)was obviously higher than that of AA genotype(5.9%).[Conclusion] The polymorphism of 19813A→G in exon 2 of PPARγ-2 gene was related with the susceptibility of T2DM in Guangxi Bama mini-pig.


The invention discloses a human face recognition method based on nuclear sparse expression, mainly solving the problem that a sample reconstruction coefficient vector can not be reasonably solved by the prior method. The human face recognition method comprises the following experimental steps: (1) mapping a training sample matrix and test samples to a nuclear space, then, randomly reducing the dimensions of the mapped sample to needed dimensions and carrying out normalization processing; (2) solving a sample reconstruction coefficient vector between the training sample matrix and the test samples after the normalization processing, substituting the sample reconstruction coefficient vector into a category band-pass function and reconstructing an original testing sample; and (3) solving a residual error between various categories of reconstruction samples and the original testing sample and substituting the residual error into a category judgment formula to acquire a recognition result.The invention improves the application accuracy of human face recognition, is also applied to low-dimensional samples so that the human face recognition has further generality and can be used for monitoring and protecting public safety, information safety and financial safety.


The figure of Ximen Qing has wide aesthetic connotation and social meaning.Ximen Qing mainly centralized his activities in official,love and commercial circles,among which commercial circles are essential,so achieving money and wealth became his most important orientation of value.In the process of seeking for all these,though his actions are held in contempt by people,we have to admit that Ximen Qing's all kinds of his means embodied his wisdom and guts as a new merchant


Scheduling is needed in a multitude of smart city domains, such as public transportation, logistics, organization of events and parts delivery in assembly lines. In this paper, we present the architecture and implementation of PickUp Planner, a service that enables scheduling and dynamic routing of connected vehicles for picking up number of users distributed in the city. The service dynamically reconfigures the routes of the vehicles based on real-time traffic condition information, which in turn is gathered from the road infrastructure and other connected vehicles registered to the service. The crux of the service is the usage of a novel vehicle routing and scheduling algorithm that combines clustering algorithms and Answer Set Programming. Our evaluation shows that the algorithm decreases the total distance traveled by the vehicles, and therefore reduces fuel consumption and emissions from the vehicles. We also conclude that Answer Set Programming solvers may not be the best choice for scenarios in which there is a high number of users to be served frequently.


A Ba 2+ co-doped Sr 2 Ga 2 SiO 7 :Eu phosphor was synthesized by solid-state reaction and its photoluminescence characteristics were investigated. The synthesized phosphor showed a broad emission with a maximum peak intensity at 520 nm (λ ex = 405 nm). The phosphor could be used to construct a white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). LEDs were fabricated through an integration of an InGaN blue chip (λ em = 405 nm) and a blend of two phosphors (Ba 2+ co-doped Sr 2 Ga 2 SiO 7 :Eu + Ba 2+ co-doped Sr 3 SiΟ 5 :Eu) in a single package. By employing two phosphors, the white LEDs showed CIE chromaticity with values of x = 0.35 and y = 0.41 and a color temperature of 5040 K.


From the time of the earliest investigations with ,B-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs there have been suggestions that when they were stopped an exacerbation of ischaemic symptoms sometimes occurred. Wilson et al. (1969) in a trial of oxprenolol in angina had an incidence of seven cases of status anginosus out of nineteen when placebo was substituted for active treatment. Zsoter & Beanlands (1969) reported two cases of severe ischaemia when placebo was given in a trial of propranolol in 20 patients with angina, one patient required hospital admission for acute coronary insufficiency and one patient died from coronary occlusion the day after propranolol (40mg four times daily) was stopped. We observed that patients with angina pectoris who were taking part in a multidose study of propranolol in angina experienced a higher incidence of chest pains during the first week of placebo compared with the second week (Prichard & Gillam, 1971). Slome (1973) reported two cases of myocardial infarction when propranolol was stopped in patients with angina pectoris. Alderman et al. (1974) collected six cases of severe ischaemia in angina patients when propranolol (80 or 160 mg/day) was stopped. All experienced unstable angina, three had infarcts one of whom died, there was one case of sudden death, and one other developed multiple ventricular ectopics.


The abundance of diagnosable anxiety disorders that are present in our culture today provides a convenient rationale for further investigating the types of treatments, especially non-pharmaceutical, that clinicians have to offer. Hypnosis and mindfulness are two noninvasive techniques that share some important structural and practical similarities. With the recent increase of interest in mindfulness in psychotherapy it is important to acknowledge what these traits are and how these methods complement one another in both theory and practice. It can be concluded as a result of the following literature reviews that both hypnosis and mindfulness as separate techniques have received some empirical validation, yet there are limitations in research design and an inadequate volume (especially in the mindfulness literature) of reliable clinical studies as opposed to case studies. Despite these limitations, there is reason to believe these methods could be even more powerful if used in conjunction. A rationale and suggested model for integrating hypnosis and mindfulness for treating anxiety disorders is included. Chapter One: Introduction Over the past few decades, there has been an explosion of mindfulness research and consequently more clinical attention gained for this modality (Williams, Hallquist, Barnes, Cole, & Lynn, 2010). Specifically, mindfulness has been evaluated as a therapeutic intervention for anxiety disorders. In a recent meta-analytic review of articles pertaining to mindfulness-based therapy (MBT) for anxiety, Hofmann (2010) concluded that MBT reduces symptoms of anxiety across a relatively wide range of severity. Although perhaps not as widely supported, hypnosis for the treatment of anxiety also has a range of applications to be utilized by practitioners (Evans & Coman, 2003). According to Michael Yapko (2011), hypnosis and mindfulness (specifically guided mindfulness meditations) are similar in that they both utilize attention and the power of suggestion through openness to accepting new ideas. Although hypnosis does not share the same language as mindfulness (e.g., the concept of "acceptance"), its underlying principles are nearly identical (Yapko, 2011). These treatment modalities can be easily integrated to enhance one another in a complementary fashion, and in fact, empirical findings indicate that combining hypnosis and mindfulness may result in greater therapeutic outcomes, as compared to either modality used in isolation (Williams et al., 2010; Holroyd, 2003). As a result of the aforementioned findings, there is a clear need for additional research and training in the synthesis and implementation of these treatment methods. Such a hybrid approach also has the potential to reduce public stigma and ignorance among counselors who are commonly unfamiliar with hypnotherapeutic techniques. It is my wish to shed light on not only the theoretical and structural similarities between mindfulness and hypnosis, but to provide a demonstration of how this integration can be


http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.227 8-0238.2018.7(4).3039-3049 ABSTRACT: Fresh water microalgae has drawn much attention due to their primary productivity in the water food chain of water ecosystem diversity, their biological assessment of water quality, pollution abatement capacity and as a source of structurally novel and biologically active metabolites with antimicrobial capacity etc. Distribution of fresh water microalgae of unexplored localities of some parts of central India has been investigated. A total of thirty fresh water algal samples were collected from different unexplored sites of central India. Thirty-four algal taxa comprising twenty-five genera in which eighteen unicellular, nine colonials and nine filamentous algae were identified based on microscopic observation and characters such as average filament length, colonial diameter, shape and cell dimensions. Results revealed that these microalgae belonging to three major classes Chlorophyceae (green algae), Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) and Cyanophyceae (blue green algae). Maximum algal taxa belonged to green algae followed by bluegreen algae and diatoms. The occurrence of fresh water algae, their diversity and distribution was interpreted with water quality and its physico-chemical characteristics. The present study not only discusses the basic information of fresh water algal presence, distribution but also helps for future environmental monitoring studies.


Background: Fertility is one of the main components of population growth. Knowing the fertility level of any society is important in assessing the economic and social conditions. Aim: To determine the attitude and practice of Zahedan women towards childbearing. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 400 Iranian married women aged 15-38 years in Zahedan. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software. Descriptive statistics methods and analytical statistics methods were used. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the current number of the research units' children was 2.54 ± 1.54 children. Regarding the tendency to increase the number of children, 65.8% of women and 66% of their spouses tended to have another child and the average number of their preferred children was 3.49 ± 1.44. Other results showed that the majority of the subjects (72.50%) had a moderate attitude towards childbearing. Conclusion: Considering that more than half of women wanted to have another child and the majority of them had a moderate attitude towards childbearing, this shows a positive attitude toward childbearing. On the other hand, it should be noted that government interventions alone can not be a solution to prevent declining population growth, and in this regard, public acceptance and cooperation can also play an important role. Keywords: Attitude, Performance, Childbearing, Women


Modern Western artistic culture receives the Antiquity as the ancient myth. The myth of the Atreides enjoys an increased attention of playwrights in Western Europe and the United States, since it raises the universal issues of crime and punishment, awareness of guilt and assertion of truth. This article focuses on the reception of the Atreides myth in Woody Allen's Cassandra 's Dream. The article analyses the cultural dialogue between Antiquity and Modernity: the director has transferred the ancient plot to modern reality and endowed the Americans with the features of ancient heroes. The plot of the film develops around a murder committed by the brothers for financial gain. It correlates with the murder of Agamemnon as well as his wife and Aegisthus. Ian's determination is reminiscent of Elektra's behavior: he incites his brother to commit a crime and feels no repentance after the murder has occurred. Like Euripides's Orestes, the other brother, Terry, cannot calm down after the crime, saying that he repents and wants to open himself to the police in order to suffer a well-deserved punishment. In the conflict between the brothers, killing a brother is the only way out of the situation, although Ian says that he feels the same "strange vision": he must kill again. While ancient heroes act under the will of gods, which gives the impression of conscious and controlled actions, modern heroes are driven by circumstances. While heroes of ancient literature take murders for granted, as a legitimate revenge or even a feat, modern artistic culture focuses on the ethical side of the bloodshed. A modern human is dominated by a new Christian morality, which though oftentimes unrealized, affects human desires and functions as a source of ethical reflections. The story of the heroes, consisting of a chain of uncontrollable events, would seem to confirm the unpredictability of life and the total dependence of people on circumstances. Fatalism is an integral part of the ancient worldview: it is not by chance that "Fate" is personified and becomes a separate character in ancient Greek tragedy. However, modern culture affirms human independence and freedom, which Terry discoveres at a moment of spiritual enlightenment after committing a crime, followed by utter repentance. The finale of the film is strikingly different from the ancient interpretations of the myth of the Atreides: the killer-heroes die. The reception of antiquity in American culture of the 21st century is a reflection on what determines the behavior of a modern person in a critical situation, similar to that in ancient mythology, as well as what is the modern attitude of a criminal to their crime. Appealing to the ancient myth, Woody Allen proves that Christian morality allows making the right, "human" decision even in the most difficult circumstances. At the same time, he shows the duality of modern culture: the imposed ideals of mass culture beguile a morally developed person, who gets illusory freedom for a lost self-identity. The author declares no conflicts of interests.


Summary Discontinuous deposits of strong brown silt have been observed on all the limestone outcrops around Morecambe Bay. These are identified as loessic sediments and are interpreted as the deflation products of glacigenic sediments, which accumulated in the Bay as Lake District and Irish Sea ice wasted.


Developing single‐atom electrocatalysts with high activity and superior selectivity at a wide potential window for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) still remains a great challenge. Herein, a porous NiNC catalyst containing atomically dispersed NiN4 sites and nanostructured zirconium oxide (ZrO2@Ni‐NC) synthesized via a post‐synthetic coordination coupling carbonization strategy is reported. The as‐prepared ZrO2@Ni‐NC exhibits an initial potential of −0.3 V, maximum CO Faradaic efficiency (F.E.) of 98.6% ± 1.3, and a low Tafel slope of 71.7 mV dec−1 in electrochemical CO2RR. In particular, a wide potential window from −0.7 to −1.4 V with CO F.E. of above 90% on ZrO2@Ni‐NC far exceeds those of recently developed state‐of‐the‐art CO2RR electrocatalysts based on NiN moieties anchored carbon. In a flow cell, ZrO2@Ni‐NC delivers a current density of 200 mA cm−2 with a superior CO selectivity of 96.8% at −1.58 V in a practical scale. A series of designed experiments and structural analyses identify that the isolated NiN4 species act as real active sites to drive the CO2RR reaction and that the nanostructured ZrO2 largely accelerates the protonation process of *CO2− to *COOH intermediate, thus significantly reducing the energy barrier of this rate‐determining step and boosting whole catalytic performance.


Gases have been a key enabler of the electronics industry since the first commercial transistors and integrated circuits were produced in the mid-twentieth century. Properties unique to gases have made them the desired materials to build evermore complex devices: easy to transport and store, easy to dispense with precision and accuracy, and most importantly, easier to control desired chemical reactions at the molecular level.


Titanium minerals are of interest because they constitute the most important source of titanium,a strategic metal in modem industry.However, knowledge on their structure,composition,and properties of nanodisperse structures has been limited. Several studies have shown that synthetic analogs of natural titanium oxides have structural features and physico-chemical properties distinctly different from


This report documents a review of nationwide practices with regard to recommendations for fill heights over high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes. Another item of interest to the investigation was typical use of HDPE pipes by various agencies. The bulk of the report's information, which is related to HDPE pipe diameter, minimum and maximum fill heights, backfill materials, and other pertinent items, was gathered via telephone interviews with the concerned staff from various state highway agencies. Limited information was also obtained by contacting the industry representatives, pipe manufacturers, and reviewing documents from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). All 50 state agencies were contacted for information, of which 47 responded. In addition, a survey questionnaire was developed and sent to selected personnel in five state agencies to gather more in-depth information. Based on this information, recommendations for maximum fill heights and recommended use of HDPE pipes in roadways were developed for consideration by the Arizona Department of Transportation.


Two dense ceramics, BizSrzCaCuzOs+x and 2Y-TZP: 10 wt% Al2O3, were hot-extruded through conical dies under a wide range of conditions. Extrusion of BizSr2Ca- CU~O~+~ was performed at 775" to 825°C and speeds of 0.0005 to 0.2 mm/s, with the die semi-angles from 30" to 60" and extrusion ratios from 4 to 9. Extrusion of 2Y-TZP:10 wt% AIzO3 was performed at 1650°C and 0.017 mm/s. During hot extrusion of BizSrzCaCuzOs+x, a strong texture was developed with the basal plane aligned along the extrusion direction, whereas the zirconia/alumina composite underwent grain growth which resulted in strain hardening. A simple analytical extrusion model for strain-rate-sensitive materials has been developed using a combined slab method and upper-bound method and a power-law material flow equation. The model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results and they further serve to delineate the limitation of the extrusion technique for ceramic applications. [Key words: extrusion, superconductors, zirconia, texture, creep.] I. Introduction


§The present study describes a semi-analytical solution method for predicting the geometrically nonlinear response of a bonded cylindrically curved shell structure subjected to combined mechanical and thermal loading conditions. This approach yields the transverse shear and normal stresses in the adhesive, as well as the membrane stress resultants and bending moments in the adherends. The solution method utilizes the principle of virtual work in conjunction with nonlinear thin-shell theory to model the adherends and a cylindrical shear lag model to represent the kinematics of the thin adhesive layer between the adherends. The kinematic boundary conditions are imposed by employing the Lagrange multiplier method. This approach presents a rapid-solution alternative to the finite element method. The applicability of the present method is demonstrated by modeling a cylindrical component of a rigidizable/inflatable (RI) truss structure as a tubular bonded lap-joint subjected to uniaxial tension or torsion loading along with environmental temperature changes. The steep variation of both peeling and shearing stresses near the adhesive edges is successfully captured.


The article represents a brief analysis of the effectiveness of the judicial act by referring to the necessity of establishing a judicial truth. In establishing limits for the determination of judicial truth, the article examines the prevalence of the notion of rule of law, the rigor of applying the rules of procedural or material law, the implication of equity in judicial matters and the need to establish a correspondence between factual truth and judicial truth.


A four-dimensional variational Doppler radar analysis system (VDRAS) has been developed and implemented at a weather forecast office to produce real-time boundary layer wind and temperature analyses using WSR88D radar data. This paper describes significant changes made to convert VDRAS from a research tool to a real-time analysis system and presents results of low-level wind and temperature analysis using operational radar data. In order to produce continuous analyses with time, VDRAS was implemented with a cycling procedure, in which the analysis from the previous cycle is used as a first guess and background for the next cycle. Other enhancements in this real-time system include direct assimilation of data on constant elevation angle levels, addition of mesonet observations, inclusion of an analysis background term, and continuous updating of lateral boundary conditions. An observed case of a line of storms and strong outflow is used to examine the performance of the real-time analysis system and its sensitivity to various system changes. The quality of the analysis for this case is examined by comparing the subsequent 90-min forecast with the observed radial velocity. It is shown that the forecast initialized using the VDRAS analysis outperforms persistence and a forecast using a mesoscale analysis. The accuracy of the retrieved wind in six convective cases is also verified against automated weather reports from commercial aircraft data. The verification shows an average difference of 3.3 m s21 over these six cases.


Abstract— In aqueous solutions α‐hydroxyalkylperoxyl radicals undergo a spontaneous and a base catalysed HO2 elimination. From kinetic deuterium isotope effects, temperature dependence, and the influence of solvent polarity it was concluded that the spontaneous reaction occurs via an HO2 elimination followed by the dissociation of the latter into H+ and O2‐. The rate constant of the spontaneous HO2 elimination increases with increasing methyl substitution in α‐position (k(CH2(OH)O2) < 10s‐1k(CH3CH(OH)O2) = 52s‐1k((CH3)2C(OH)O2) = 665 s‐1). The OH‐ catalysed reaction is somewhat below diffusion controlled. The mixture of peroxyl radicals derived from polyhydric alcohols eliminate HO2 at two different rates. Possible reasons for this behaviour are discussed. The mixture of the six peroxyl radicals derived from d‐glucose are observed to eliminate HO2 with at least three different rates. The fastest rate is attributed to the HO2 elimination from the peroxyl radical at C‐l (k > 7000s‐1). Because of the HO2 eliminations the peroxyl radicals derived from d‐glucose do not undergo a chain reaction in contrast to peroxyl radicals not containing an α‐OH group. In competition with the first order elimination reactions the α‐hydroxylalkylperoxyl radicals undergo a bimolecular decay. These reactions are briefly discussed.


Wide-area file transfers are an integral part of several High-Performance Computing (HPC) scenarios. Dedicated network connections with high capacity, low loss rate and low competing traffic, are increasingly being provisioned over current HPC infrastructures to support such transfers. To gain insights into these file transfers, we collected transfer rate measurements for Lustre and xfs file systems between dedicated multi-core servers over emulated 10 Gbps connections with round trip times (rtt) in 0-366 ms range. Memory transfer throughput over these connections is measured using iperf, and file IO throughput on host systems is measured using xddprof. We consider two file system configurations: Lustre over IB network and xfs over SSD connected to PCI bus. Files are transferred using xdd across these connections, and the transfer rates are measured, which indicate the need to jointly optimize the connection and host file IO parameters to achieve peak transfer rates. In particular, these measurements indicate that (i) peak file transfer rate is lower than peak connection and host IO throughput, in some cases by as much as 50% or lower, (ii) xdd request sizes that achieve peak throughput for host file IO do not necessarily lead to peak file transfer rates, and (iii) parallelism in host IO and TCP transport does not always improve the file transfer rates.


The essence of national development is full human development and the development ofIndonesian society as a whole, this can be realized if the welfare of the family and society can beachieved properly. In the context of realizing family and community welfare, among others,community empowerment can be done and in fact community empowerment has not been maximized,so that family and community welfare has not been fully achieved, because family and communitybusinesses have not been able to develop their potential and roles optimally. The condition of smallbusinesses is still relatively weak, some are still limited to efforts to meet local consumption needsor the environment in which the business is located, so it is necessary to strengthen the organizationand increase the participation of community members in activities that are productive in the formof entrepreneurship, among others; training activities for making painting shoes and other realsectors. These weaknesses must be overcome and the role of universities as educational institutionscan be more involved and help overcome existing problems so that it is hoped that communitymembers or organizations can continue to play a role in Indonesia's economic growth anddevelopment. Recognizing these problems, we are Lecturers of the Faculty of Economics andBusiness, UPN Veterans Jakarta, one of the universities that cares about the surrounding communityand plans to carry out community service activities which are expected to increase knowledge inentrepreneurship education and training, with the aim of providing an understanding of the conceptof entrepreneurship. and understand the methods or methods of entrepreneurship, which will beuseful in increasing family income and the regional economy. The results of the implementation ofcommunity service show that generally the PKK group of Bojongcae Village, Cibadak District Lebak Regency, Banten understands, this is in accordance with the planned targets of targets above80%.


Abiraterone acetate (Zytiga) is a new treatment for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse events and Professor Noel Clarke discusses its place in therapy.


Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of compassion-focused treatment education for parents on reducing aggression, behavioral problems, and anxiety in children.
Methods: The research design was an applied and quasi-experimental design of the pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all mothers with preschool children with developmental neuropsychological learning disorders in Isfahan whose children were enrolled in kindergarten in the 2019-20 academic year. The sample of this study includes 30 people selected by convenience sampling method rand randomly divided into an experimental group (teaching therapy focused on compassion to parents) and a control group (each containing 15 people). The research instruments included the Preschool Children Behavioral Problems Questionnaire, the Preschool Children Aggression Scale, and the Children Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and univariate analysis of covariance.
Results: The findings showed that compassion-focused therapy training was effective in reducing aggression (P < 0.001), behavioral problems (P < 0.001) and anxiety (P < 0.001) in children.
Conclusion: Compassion-based therapy can be used to improve anger, behavioral problems, and anxiety in children.


In the era of economic globalization,it's an inevitable process for most of the local industrial clusters to achieve internationalization through embedding into global value chains.Based on the theory of value chains,this paper divides the industrial cluster's development process into two stages of domestic development and international development,and makes some research on the types,means and degree of internationalization.Furthermore,in order to analyze the internationalization of China's local industrial clusters developed in the transitional stage,this paper does an empirical research on the internationalization of the industrial cluster of shoes in Wenzhou,Zhe-jiang Povince.


This article unties some examples discussions of multilayer mixed-brick configuation in structures' earthquake resistance appraises and reinforces, conclude that as long as using quite scientific judgment to appraises the whoile structure's earthquake resistance ability and also design more reasonable reinforcement plans, finally can obtain the good social efficiency and the economic efficiency


ABSTRACT The adsorption equiUbrium moisture properties for soybeans have been measured using a closed-loop dew-point method. Measurements cover temperatures of 10° C, 25° C, and 40° C and moisture contents from 13.6% to 25.0%, dry basis. The Modified Halsey equation was found to provide the best fit to the experimental data. Little or no hysteresis was found to exist between the adsorption EMC data from this study and the desorption data of Sulaiman (1986). The two data sets were therefore combined and used to determine new constants for the Modified Halsey equation. Resulting predictions should be useful in modelling soybean aeration and low temperature drying systems.


In 2018 an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) was established in our Hospital, implementing guidelines for preoperative surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP). Our objective was to describe the adequacy of SAP in colorectal cancer surgery (CCS) in our centre.

 A prospective study was carried out in Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofia, Murcia. Patients subjected to CCS between January 1st and November 30th of 2019 were included. No exclusion criteria were established. Interventions were classified following ECDC Surgical Site Infection Surveillance guidelines. ASP data were obtained from clinical documents and electronic records, evaluated following ASP guidelines and classified as adequate or inadequate. Inadequate SAP was divided into five categories: "Length of administration", "Antibiotic election", "Inadequate Timing", "Antibiotic indication" and "Other".

 A total of 77 interventions were recorded, 75.3% being laparoscopic (LCOL) and 24.7% open (OCOL). All the interventions received SAP, but only 41.5% were adequate. The main causes of inadequacy were inadequate timing (40%) and length of administration (37.7%). Among the LCOL procedures, the main causes were length of administration (42.8%) followed by timing (37.1%). In contrast, the cause of inadequacy in OCOL was inadequate timing (50%) followed by an inadequate antibiotic election (30%)

 Despite the implementation of an ASP and diffusion of guidelines among professionals, we found that less than half of colorectal cancer surgeries in our centre received an adequate SAP. Overall, inadequate timing of administration was the main cause, although we found length of administration as the main cause of inadequacy in LCOL. Due to these results, a PDCA cycle was started.

 Implementation of a program does not always mean compliance. Surveillance is key to monitoring results… and keep improving!


Objective:To Compare the clinical effects of treating Unstable Angina with drugs and interventional methods. Method:96 patients were divided into two groups,one group treated with PCI (including percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and stenting),anther with traditional drugs alone including Aspirin,low-molecul-weigh heparin,nitrtates,β-blockers and so on. We observed the in-hospital changes of clinical symptoms and electrocardiograph(ECG)and the major cardiac adverse events at 6 months. Result:the distinctly impriving rate of interventional group was much higher than that of the drug-treated group ,particularly in patients at intermediate and high-risk.And the former was associated with lower cardiac events compared with the latter. Conclusion:The therapeutic effect of interventional treatment was prior to that of the drug- treatment.


This article introduces the increased pregnancy risks in the obese population of America. During pregnancy obese women have higher chances of developing venous thromboembolism or VTE. Obese women also have more reported complications during vaginal deliveries and more cesarean sections overall. Furthermore obesity is linked to complications for the fetus including spontaneous abortion and stillbirth. If the child is born healthy there is a high chance of childhood obesity adult cardiovascular disease and diabetes. As it relates to contraception obese women must take extra precaution in choosing a pill patch or ring. The author concludes that although obesity can affect the sexual functioning and libido in obese men and women bariatric surgeries and other procedures can be used to reduce these challenges for the obese community.


Strategy research often studies competitions among organizations and defines the winners of these competitions as "great." But we typically treat as a given the specific formal and informal rules of the game, the logics, that govern these competition. Yet the logics governing competitions themselves are decided through a higher-level "metacompetition" with other possible logics. Metacompetitions determine who can compete, how they can compete, the criteria that will be used to evaluate success and failure, and the payoffs to competition. When we ask "where do great strategies come from" but ignore metacompetition, we take as a given the very process that gives us the rules by which we determine greatness. In this paper I argue that to understand where great strategies come from, we must first understand how metacompetition determines which logics prevail in a market. I develop an ecological model of metacompetition, and I estimate the model using data on metacompetition in the digital music distribution i...


The aim of this study was to identify physicians' approaches to pregnancy subsequent to the birth of a stillborn child. In a 48-question, cross-sectional survey performed in 7997 one specific question dealt with advice given to the women/parents about possible subsequent pregnancy. The present study analyzes the responses to that open-ended question. Fifty-eight out of 61 Swedish hospitals with departments of obstetrics and gynecology participated in the study. Of 594 physicians, 552 answered the open-ended question (93%) with 802 items of advice. The most frequent approach to subsequent pregnancy, expressed by a majority of physicians, was their own support to the couples (59%). Regarding gender differences the females were more likely to mention support strategies than their colleagues (p = 0.005). Significantly more female gynecologists than male (p = 0.005) recommended care during the new pregnancy at a special antenatal clinic. The statement that 'advice depends on diagnosis' was made by 27%, while 22% advocated that parents first work through the grief of the stillbirth (mentioned significantly more often by females, p = 0.014). A minority of physicians mention giving specific advice about the timing of next pregnancy. The study highlights physicians' concerns to support parents through a subsequent pregnancy whilst demonstrating that considerable variation exists in their advice, or lack of it, with regard to timing of another pregnancy.


BACKGROUND
Non-surgical approaches have been developed to enhance nerve recovery, which are complementary to surgery and are an adjunct to the reinnervation process.

SOURCES OF DATA
A search of PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, DH data and Embase databases was performed using the keywords 'peripheral nerve injury' and 'treatment'.

AREAS OF CONTROVERSY
Most of the conservative therapies are focused to control neuropathic pain after nerve tissue damage. Only physical therapy modalities have been studied in humans and their effectiveness is not proved.

GROWING POINTS
Many modalities have been experimented with to promote nerve healing and restore function in animal models and in vitro studies. Despite this, none have been actually translated into clinical practice.

AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH
The hypotheses proved in animals and in vitro should be translated to human clinical practice.


To improve tribological properties of components, different kinds of textures are added to their surfaces. Although the added imprints or craters are only few tens of micrometers wide and a few micrometers deep, they form an initial crack from which a fatigue crack may propagate. In this article, a numerical approach for calculating the fatigue life of a body with present micro-imprints with standard finite-element software will be presented. The objective is to show how the imprint shape and its manufacturing process influences the fatigue life. The considered specimens are round bodies that were made from Boehler K890 microclean cold-working steel. Three shapes of the imprints are studied: the imprints produced by a Vickers pyramid and a Rockwell cone and a half-spherical crater void produced by a laser device. The flat-surface round body served as a reference. The imprint shape and its manufacturing process is also considered. For this reason, a simulation of impression of Vickers and Rockwell indenters is simulated first, which is followed by a numerical fatigue-life prediction. In this manner, the residual stresses from the imprinting process are considered during the fatigue-life prediction. For the laser-induced craters and the reference body, only the fatigue life is numerically predicted. Because the material inhomogeneities are much smaller than the geometrical ones, the calculated fatigue lives for different texturing represent the fatigue-life reduction caused by the applied textures. To validate the presented numerical approach, the calculated fatigue lives are compared to the experimentally determined.


The genetic linkage map is important for peanut molecular breeding. Construction of integrating genetic linkage map using multiple populations is an effective approach to increase the marker density of map. Three maps were constructed with three F2 populations, respectively in the present study. Based on anchored SSR markers in the three maps, we constructed a new map with 792 SSR loci and total map distance of 2079.50 cM (the average distance is 2.63 cM). The length of linkage groups varied from 59.10 to 175.80 cM, and the number of markers was from 20 to 66 in the integrated linkages groups. Comparing the intervals of QTLs linked to the pod size and seed size in the three F2 populations with the markers in the integrated linkage groups, all the QTLs linked to the pod size and seed size could be found in the integrated map. Some intervals of QTLs had more markers in the integrated map than in the F2 linkage groups in the present study. The markers in the intervals of QTLs of the integrated map could be used for fine mapping.


A new method of finding moving objects from charge-coupled device (CCD) observation data hasbeen presented based on the experiences of observation and data reduction, which is called the image restrainable combination method (IRC method). Using the computation programs based on this method. more than 4 000 asteroidshave been detected from the observations of Beijing Astronomical Observatory (BAO) Schmidt CCD Asteroid Pro-gram. Among them 770 asteroids obtained provisional designations from the Minor Planet Center, while 3 asteroidswere permanently numbered.


Ferroelectric thin films described by the transverse field Ising model have been studied by using the usual mean-field approximation. The critical behaviors (the critical surface transverse field and Curie temperature) and polarizations in a transverse Ising film with multi-surface layers are calculated. The main emphasis of our work is laid on the effect of surface exchange interaction on the critical surface transverse field and Curie temperature as a function of the number of surface layers. At the same time, the dependence of polarization on the Curie temperature for the ferroelectric thin film with a certain layers is also discussed in detail.


An organization is architecturally competent if it has the ability to acquire, use and sustain the skills and knowledge necessary to carry out architecture-related practices that lead to systems that serve the organization's business goals. This paper presents some principles of architecture competence, based on four models that aid in explaining, measuring, and improving the architecture competence of an individual or an organization with respect to these principles, The principles are based on a set of fundamental beliefs about software architecture.


The mechanical properties of components made by PM steels are normally inferior to those made by alternative processes. One of the main reasons is that a large amount of pores are present in sinter ...


The current research paper is focused on speech recognition while participating in social discussion. There are a few different models that have been tested for their effectiveness in speech recognition. However, the most important concerns are about performance and precision. The purpose of the work being done on the study is to examine performance in addition to accuracy. Unique software and technology are designed to detect a given speaker's voice and validate their identification through their speech patterns. The world has come a long way owing to the intersection of artificial intelligence and voice recognition technologies, which has enabled enormous advancements. The development of conversational AI will have a profound impact on a variety of sectors. Technology also has the ability to help law enforcement agencies identify criminals by studying the speech patterns offenders' use. This might be done by recording and analyzing criminals' statements. It is conceivable that in the not too distant future, researchers from a broad variety of fields may make use of data obtained from very large public events. The domains of medical and education are two possible uses of this technology. When compared to the traditional method of speed recognition, the proposed model is expected to give higher levels of accuracy and performance. In addition to this, the presented study has relevance in the context of social discussion.


The correlations between results of nondestructive and destructive tests on high-voltage coil insulations for rotating machines were investigated and the following findings were obtained. Breakdown voltage on application of a commercial line voltage (50 Hz) is correlated to the voltage at which a partial discharge bridges the insulation layer. Breakdown voltage on application of a direct voltage is correlated with the discharge magnitude, dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent corresponding to void discharge in the insulation layer. Breakdown under an impulse waveform voltage is in some respects similar to that under commercial frequency but, because of the short duration of voltage application, it is correlated with the magnitude of electrical resistance, and this correlation is related to the ease with which the bridge phenomenon of discharge in the insulation layer propagates. Thus, the correlation between breakdown voltage and electrical characteristics in nondestructive tests varies with the voltage waveform involved. In tapewound laminated structures, as in micaceous insulatopms, breakdown occurs along the lap of tape, so that characteristic phenomena of the breakdown process for various voltage waveforms combining mutually correlated characteristics, are observed.


Differential display reverse transcriptase PCR(DDRT-PCR)method was used to explore the differential gene expression in cucumber resistant cultivar'Dongnong 129' before and after inoculated with Pseudoperonospora cubensis.Four special expressed cDNA segments were obtained in the inoculated cucumber leaves,which were named as 49-2,50-5,50-7 and 52-14.BLAST analysis revealed that the nucleotide sequence of 50-7 was homologous partly to the lipoxygenase-9 in cucumber,and the others were the unknown sequences of novel genes.Further analysis on expression showed that the 4 fragments were closely related with the infection of P.cubensis.The fragment of 49-2 expressed intensely during the total time of infection;the fragment of 50-5 also had a close relationship with pathogen infection and its expression was delayed than that of 49-2;the fragments of 50-7 and 52-14 only expressed at 24 h after inoculation,which showed the special relation with the pathogen inoculation.This study provided some useful information for further understanding of the mechanism of resistance to downy mildew in cucumber and isolating the resistance gene for application of molecular breeding.


Please cite this paper as: Banda G, Kafulafula G, Nyirenda E, Taulo F, Kalilani L. Acceptability and experience of supportive companionship during childbirth in Malawi. BJOG 2010;117:937–945.


Nursing care is the backbone of health system. Nurses role are very critical in delivering health services and increasing equity of healthcare provision. They are the agents of change within health system and play a key role in addressing various social determinants of heath. The role of nurses in primary healthcare encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well in community settings. It includes the promotion of health, the prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. India is undergoing a major epidemiological transition. Over the last 26 years, the country's disease patterns have shifted. Mortality due to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNNDs) has declined substantially. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and injuries are increasingly contributing to overall disease burden. The proportion of burden of diseases in India due to CMNNDs reduced from 53.6% in 1990 to 27.5% in 2016. NCDs related burden of diseases increased from 37.9% to 61.8% and burden due to injuries changed from 8.5% to 10.7%. Life expectancy at birth improved in India from 59.7 years in 1990 to 70.3 years in 2016 for females, and from 58.3 years to 66.9 years for males. Therefore, the role of nurses in primary healthcare has changed due to the change in disease burden from CMNNDs to NCDs and injuries. Along with that they have the crucial role in recently announced Health and Wellness Centers and National Health Protection Scheme with will cover more than half a billion population in India.


Natural convection effects of the numerical solution for unsteady, laminar, free convection flow over an incompressibl e viscous fluid past a non-isothermal vertical cone with surface temperature varying as power function of distance from the apex is presented here. The dimensionless governing equations of the flow that are unsteady, coupled and non- linear partial differential equations are solved using the Network Simulation Model (NSM), a robust numerical technique which demonstrates high efficiency and accuracy and the computer code Pspice. The velocity and temperature fields have been studied for various parameters Prandtl number, semi vertical angle and n. The present results are compared with available results in literature and are found to be in good agreement.


The paper addresses the considerations explored and the final plan identified as the most acceptable solution for implementation of an automated people mover at the Chicago-O'Hare International Airport. It discusses the airport environment prior to implementation of the Chicago O'Hare Development Program; the causes which led to the decision to provide an alternative transportation mode; how the proposed system will integrate with other modes of transportation; alternative planning considerations studied for the alignment and how the adopted alignment evolved; construction impacts of implementation; handicapped needs; system expandability; performance measures; and maintenance facility planning.


Within the past 10 years, some new dialogues (or more accurately, multilogues) have opened up among researchers in psychology, anthropology, sociology, linguistics, philosophy, and computer science. Some of those who have participated in these discussions have done so from a position within the hybrid field of cognitive science: an enterprise dedicated to explicating those processes of perception and reasoning understood traditionally to go on inside the head. Others, like myself, have come to these discussions, instead, from fields dedicated to constructing accounts of relations among people, and between people and the historically and culturally constituted worlds that they inhabit together. The strategy of these latter investigations is to see what sense we can make of everyday activities if we view them as interactions between the acting person and those social and material circumstances in relation to which she or he acts. While assuming processes of perception and reasoning, the project for some of us has never claimed to be a cognitive one. Rather, we have found ourselves entering into discussion with colleagues in the cognitive sciences through force o f circumstance and through an interest in understanding what an alternative view of cognition, consistent with our own accounts, might be. I take it that the article by Vera and Simon (1993) is inspired by their sense of a need to respond to recent challenges from within cognitive science. In formulating their article as a response to these challenges, they have grouped together a diverse, often incommensurate set oi' positions under the label SA. Within my own field of anthropology, they choose to take up my arguments and those of my colleague, Jean Lave (1988). Whereas Lave and I have each been engaged in quite different enterprises, drawing on different developments in the social sceinces (she on cultural analyses informed by Critical Theory, I on ethnomethodology), we have certainly also been inspired by each other and have been engaged in a lively and enriching


The present work is focused on the implementation of Augmented and Alternative Communication (AAC) in a group of six children with significant communication difficulties. The epistemological assumptions adopted for the study were the possible relationships between Vygotsky and De Lemos, associated with the specific AAC literature. The research project discusses the clinical-therapeutic practices, the work with the family, the work with the school and the effects of this work on the process of language constitution and social inclusion. It was implemented at the Speech Therapy Department of Universidade Federal de Sergipe and lasted a year and a half. The methodological design combines the clinical-qualitative study with the action research approach. We emphasize the use of the AAC system by the children involved in the project; the new perspective developed by the families on their children; the inclusion of children in regular schools; the need for schools to create several space-times so that their segments may experience processes of action-reflection-action. We conclude that AAC can be an effective resource for the constitution of language and learning and that the work with the different networks promotes the construction of a new device that mobilizes the subject and makes new formulations possible. Key words: Alternative Communication, inclusion, networks, language.


Abstract Three pastoral situations – a sermon, a funeral and a wedding – illuminate how the doctrine of the incarnation might inform our response to the symbols of secular culture. In the light of these experiences challenges are posed to the academy to engage more fully with the realities of pastoral ministry in modern culture – in engaging with symbols, in relation to the time pressure of pastoral decision-making and in fuller recognition of the role of the personal faith of pastors in informing their actions as agents of God in the world. A passing note suggests that the tools we have could usefully be more fully deployed in helping the churches in their thinking about training for ministry.


The main objective of this work is to explore the feasibility of using LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) measurement and develop feedforward control strategy to improve wind turbine operation. Firstly the Pseudo LIDAR measurement data is produced using software package GH Bladed across a distance from the turbine to the wind measurement points. Next the transfer function representing the evolution of wind speed is developed. Based on this wind evolution model, a model-inverse feedforward control strategy is employed for the pitch control at above-rated wind conditions, in which LIDAR measured wind speed is fed into the feedforward. Finally the baseline feedback controller is augmented by the developed feedforward control. This control system is developed based on a Supergen 5MW wind turbine model linearised at the operating point, but tested with the nonlinear model of the same system. The system performances with and without the feedforward control channel are compared. Simulation results suggest that with LIDAR information, the added feedforward control has the potential to reduce blade and tower loads in comparison to a baseline feedback control alone.


A 26‐year‐old patient with no previous history of renal disease developed acute non‐streptococcal crescentic glomerulonephritis with severe renal failure in the 17th week of her second pregnancy. It became necessary to treat her with haemodialysis to maintain the blood urea around 25 mmol/l. The haemoglobin was maintained above 9 g/dl with regular blood transfusions and the blood pressure was controlled with hypotensive drugs. Measurement of fetal biparietal diameter and human placental lactogen indicated normal fetal growth and placental function. The patient spontaneously delivered a healthy infant at 32 weeks. Haemodialysis requirements decreased post partum and the patient even managed without dialysis for 12 weeks. Renal function, however, remained severely impaired and maintenance haemodialysis was again necessary a t nine months post partum. Glomerulonephritis complicating pregnancy is reviewed and the management of acute and chronic renal failure in pregnancy is discussed.


Abstract: Critical Thinking Analysis of MTs Negeri 1 Sampang Students in Science Learning using a Problem Based Learning Model.  The purpose of this study is to describe problem-solving abilities in science learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model  and to improve understanding of science learning by improving student learning outcomes. This class action research is motivated by the low scores of students in science subjects. This type of research uses qualitative descriptive research. Observation, interviews and documentation are used as data collection techniques. Data are analyzed through data reduction, presentation and inference. The subjects of this study were students of MTs Negeri 1 Sampang class VIII B. Research results showed that the PBL model can improve problem solving, can improve student performance in learning activities, material that is considered difficult, can improve student concepts, concretize to students through a learning environment. To provide information and improve student learning. In summary, the PBL model can improve student learning outcomes in science learning class VIII B at MTs Negeri 1 Sampang.


We propose a method to reconstruct and cluster incomplete high-dimensional data lying in a union of low-dimensional subspaces. Exploring the sparse representation model, we jointly estimate the missing data while imposing the intrinsic subspace structure. Although we have a non-convex problem, we propose an algorithm robust to initialization. Extensive experiments with synthetic and real data show that our approach leads to significant improvements in the reconstruction and segmentation, outperforming current state of the art for both low and high-rank data.


Beyond Subsistence (BS) is a non-profit development organisation set up by Victorian forester Jon Lambert. The not for profit charity provides forestry expertise and support to aid organisations operating in third world countries, particularly Africa. Jon and Rowan had been talking about how they might work together. Last March, they caught up with each other in Nairobi and set their sights on developing the African Master TreeGrower course.


In a proof-of-principle study, German researchers evaluated an affordable, accessible, and cost-effective way to help diagnose atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke, with promising results.


dominantly a Jewish group), would provide the necessary link between knowledge of domestic conditions and effective control. Only so, he believes, will the German people be able to reorient their own life toward integration into a peaceful Europe. Dr. Ranshofen-Wertheimer's study is highly suggestive to political scientists. His emphasis of the psychological factors in and conditions of postwar peacemaking, although not entirely new, is of special importance in a period when many either ignore their significance or deal with them without an adequate background in European thought. That background is here portrayed with insight and objectivity, from experience in government and in its observation from the press gallery. It is one of the most revealing interpretations of postwar problems that has as yet appeared for Americans from a European pen. Dr. Brown's slim volume attacks the same problem in more general terms and from a more specifically psychoanalytical viewpoint. Many readers will be put off from further perusal by his reiterated defense of Chamberlain at Munich. The real merit of his comments on the causes of war and the conditions of peace is also obscured by the form in which the essays appear, as lectures and letters to The Times. Behind the screen, however, there is much to ponder. Not since Edward Glover's War, Sadism, and Pacifism has so searching a study of the roots of conflict, personal and national, appeared. Much of the book revolves around the psychology—or psychosis—of Nazi nationalism, domestic and international. Dr. Brown's comments are both informed and acute; he speaks from experience in the last war as well as in this. He links the innate ambivalence in the individual with that displayed in the international policies of states. He believes that, until statesmen and citizens understand the relations between their conscious motivations and their unconscious drives, there is little hope for peace. We must substitute positive values and objectives for our present negative defenses against the sense of fear or of inferiority before we can develop the psychological foundations for peace. Only on such a basis can we understand the mentality of the Germans—or of ourselves. It is greatly to be hoped that the author will elaborate his penetrating study into a more rounded manual for the peacemakers of tomorrow; no area of action deserves greater attention than the one outlined in this brief


A system and a method for trading a CER(Carbon Emission Right) through a data network are provided to enable a CDM(Clean Development Mechanism) broker to sell the CER by making the CDM broker buy the CER resulted from a CDM project, or obtain and sell the CER directly in a CER market. A plurality of terminals(10a~10d) provides basic information for a CER provider. A CDM intermediary host server(20) intermediates and sells the CER generated from the CER providers through a data network. A monitoring system(30) enables a user to inquire real-time CER data by each business field, region, and day/month by storing the basic information of the CER provider. A plurality of financial facility(40a~40n) servers enables financial facilities to buy the predicted CERs in advance through CDM broker(50a~50n,50-a~50-n) based on the information of the CER providers.


Dynamic taint analysis (DTA) is a popular program analysis technique with applications to diverse fields such as software vulnerability detection and reverse engineering. It consists of marking sensitive data as tainted and tracking its propagation at runtime. While DTA has been implemented on top of many different analysis platforms, these implementations generally incur significant slowdown from taint propagation. Since a purely dynamic analysis cannot predict which instructions will operate on tainted values at runtime, programs have to be fully instrumented for taint propagation even when they never actually observe tainted values. We propose leveraging speculative optimizations to reduce slowdown on the peak performance of programs instrumented for DTA on a managed runtime capable of dynamic compilation. In this paper, we investigate how speculative optimizations can reduce the peak performance impact of taint propagation on programs executed on a managed runtime. We also explain how a managed runtime can implement DTA to be amenable to such optimizations. We implemented our ideas in TruffleTaint, a DTA platform which supports both dynamic languages like JavaScript and languages like C and C++ which are typically compiled statically. We evaluated TruffleTaint on several benchmarks from the popular Computer Language Benchmarks Game and SPECint 2017 benchmark suites. Our evaluation shows that TruffleTaint is often able to avoid slowdown entirely when programs do not operate on tainted data, and that it exhibits slowdown of on average ∼2.10x and up to ∼5.52x when they do, which is comparable to state-of-the-art taint analysis platforms optimized for performance.


We show how rate-adaptive transponders help reduce the cost of optical networks compared to single and mixed-line-rate solutions through a better ability to accommodate growth of traffic and uncertainties in traffic matrices during network upgrades.


Phonon anharmonicity plays a crucial role in determining the stability and vibrational properties of high-pressure hydrides. Furthermore, strong anharmonicity can render phonon quasiparticle picture obsolete. In this work, we show the effects of non-Lorentzian phonon lineshapes on the superconductivity of high-pressure solid hydrogen. We calculate the superconducting critical temperature T$_\mathrm{C}$ \emph{ab initio} considering the full anharmonic lineshape of the phonon spectral function and show that it substantially enhances T$_\mathrm{C}$. Despite previous anharmonic calculations estimating a weak anharmonicity in atomic hydrogen, considering the full spectral function enhances the critical temperature by 100 K, pushing it above 400 K. Our calculations also reveal that superconductivity emerges in hydrogen in the Cmca-12 molecular phase VI at pressures between 450 and 500 GPa.


The invention relates to a body (10) for a container for containing the powdery or liquid substances like deodorants or the like which can be rotatably supported in this container, and which has in its body surface recesses, and a container having such a body (10 ) and a method for producing such a body (10).


Prefatory note by the compiler............................................... 43 Introduction............................................................... 44 Chapter I. Objective of [the] study....................................... 45 Chapter II. Demands for medical service .................................. 46 Chapter III. Needs for medical service...................................... 48 Chapter IV. Distribution of physicians, and specialization..52 Chapter V. Supply ofphysicians.. 57 Chapter VI. Recruitment of students....................................... 59 Chapter VII. Criticisms by practitioners of their medical training........... . 61 Chapter VIII. Community provisions for medical service .. 64 Chapter IX. Influence of medical licensure................................... 64 Chapter X. Additional problems.......................................... 68


With the increasingly wide application of fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique, the built products are inevitably exposed to dynamic mechanical loading and vibration. However, there has been no systematic study in the literature on understanding and characterization of dynamic mechanical performance for FFF products. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of FFF plates are quantified, with the effect of different extrusion width taken into account. A dynamic model of the built plate with cantilever boundary conditions is established, and the inherent characteristics are predicted. Modal tests are then performed on these samples to obtain the measured data. Through the comparison between predictions and measurements, the theoretical model is validated. Different extrusion width makes the material properties of the plates different, resulting in different dynamic characteristics. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis on the samples confirms that the dynamic characteristic is deteriorated as the extrusion width decreases. This present work provides theoretical basis and technical support for further research in improving the dynamic performance of FFF products and helps extend the applications of this technique.


Although it is generally accepted that consumer confidence measures are informative signals about the state of the economy, theoretical macroeconomic models designed for the analysis of monetary policy typically do not provide a role for them. I develop a framework with asymmetric information in which the efficacy of monetary policy can be improved, when the imperfectly informed central banks include confidence measures in their information set. The beneficial welfare effects are quantitatively substantial in both a stylized New Keynesian model with optimal monetary policy and an estimated medium-scale DSGE model.


Hanging modified theta graphs are obtained from attaching a modified theta graph to each teeth of comb graph Pai ⊙ L1, where Pai denotes a path on ai vertices. In this paper it is proved that symmetric hanging modified theta graphs and non-decreasing symmetric hanging modified theta graphs are graceful. AMS Subject Classification: 05C78


ABSTRACT This review deals with progress in studies of polymer- and fullerene (mainly C60)-based nanocomposite. Doping of polymeric materials with fullerenes is a significant research spot; however, the synthesis of polymer/fullerene nanocomposite is still in its infancy. In this regard, conventional, synthetic as well as conducting polymers have been doped with C60 adopting various synthesis strategies. The combination of unique properties of fullerene with functional polymers has led to remarkable mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, and photovoltaic properties of the final materials. Technical relevance of polymer/fullerene nanocomposite is also reviewed in this article considering photovoltaic, optical and temperature sensors, photoconductivity, and antimicrobial application. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


A new species-group, the apiculata-group, of Clubiona Latreille, 1804 is erected to accommodate four new spider species closely related to the hystrix- and pahilistapyasea-groups from tropical forests of Borneo. These new taxa are Clubiona apiculata sp. nov., Clubiona conica sp. nov., Clubiona cylindriformis sp. nov. and Clubiona cultrata sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6063425C-2445-4173-91B7-0F730B30708F


An extended reading of The Faerie Queene, Book 1 to argue for the text's resistance to Elizabethan ideologies of gender that inform the allegory. This chapter engages a range of modern criticism to argue against privileging context over text. The readings focus on in particular on Archimago as embodying a "castration principle" informed by the complex interplay of autophobia, gynephobia, misautia, and misogyny.


The invention relates to a continuous manufacturing apparatus by cooking-extruding a coextruded food product containing whole and solid pieces of the type comprising an extrusion die (20) provided with a bearing face on the end Release of a sheath (11) of an extrusion machine (10) comprising at least one processing screw (13) at least a first material and rotated within said sheath. Said extrusion die (20) is provided with a bore (23) forming a tubular continuous strand of food product in a direction forming an angle with the axis of the extruder (10). The device comprises, in the die (20) and the axis of the bore (23) for forming the continuous strand, means (30) for incorporation directly and at regular intervals of said pieces (2) in the continuous string of food product.


Two silver birch ( Betula pendula Roth) clones K1659 and V5952 were grown in open-top chambers over 3 years (age 7-9 years). The treatments were increased CO 2 concentra- tion (+CO 2 , 72 Pa), increased O 3 concentration (+O 3 , 2 ¥ ambient O 3 with seasonal AOT40 up to 28 p.p.m. h) and in combination (+CO 2 + O 3 ). Thirty-seven photosynthetic parameters were measured in the laboratory immediately after excising leaves using a computer-operated routine of gas exchange and optical measurements. In control leaves the photosynthetic parameters were close to the values widely used in a model (Farquhar, von Caemmerer and Berry, Planta 149, 78-90, 1980). The distribution of chloro- phyll between photosystem II and photosystem I, intrinsic quantum yield of electron transport, uncoupled turnover rate of Cyt b 6 f, Rubisco specificity and K m (CO 2 ) were not influenced by treatments. Net photosynthetic rate responded to +CO 2 with a mean increase of 17% in both clones. Dry weight of leaves increased, whereas protein, especially Rubisco content and the related photosynthetic parameters decreased. Averaged over 3 years, eight and 17 mechanistically independent parameters were significantly influenced by the elevated CO 2 in clones K1659 and V5952, respectively. The elevated O 3 caused a significant decrease in the average photosynthetic rate of clone V5952, but not of clone K1659. The treatment caused changes in one parameter of clone K1659 and in 11 parameters of clone V5952. Results of the combined treatment indicated that +O 3 had less effect in the presence of +CO 2 than alone. Interestingly, changes in the same photosynthetic parame- ters were observed in chamberless grown trees of clone V5952 as under +O 3 treatment in chambers, but this was not observed for clone K1659. These results suggest that during chronic fumigation, at concentrations below the threshold of visible leaf injuries, ozone influenced the pho- tosynthetic parameters as a general stress factor, in a similar manner to weather conditions that were more stressful out- side the chambers. According to this hypothesis, the sensi- tivity of a species or a clone to ozone is expected to depend on the growth conditions: the plant is less sensitive to ozone if the conditions are close to optimal and it is more sensitive to ozone under conditions of stress.


The present invention provides a secure data management system of power, and particularly relates to the latter loses power in the accident, the system state and recovery systems and methods consistent drive. In particular, the system and method for recording the write address and the pre-assigned group address set in the nonvolatile memory, the driver is reduced for maintaining consistency overhead by pre-allocation. A write address for the write process may be pre-assigned groups, and the address of the next group are pre-allocated and recorded to the nonvolatile memory.


The main aim of this paper is to design a parameterized 32 bit floating point multiplier which is based on IEEE 754-2008 binary interchange format. The proposed work is capable of checking overflow and underflow using corresponding flags by flagger circuit. In this design rounding modes are also considered based on the two bit control signal provided as input such as round to nearest even, round to zero, round to positive infinity and round to negative infinity for better accuracy of output result. The delay summary report generated presents a chart of some of the delay list in implementing the design, the numbers of signals are completely routed in this design. The total gate delay is 22.94ns. The xpower analyzer tool is used to calculate power of this implemented design which comes out to be 34mw. The proposed design of floating point multiplier format is implemented on Xilinx virtex-6, Xp6gls240t family, 40 nm technology, which is having top level source as HDL, the synthesis tool used is XST (Verilog/Vhdl), and the preferred language is Verilog. The core is verified against Xilinx floating point multiplier and simulation has been done on unified ISE simulator.


UV Suddeutschland, located in Munich/Bavaria in the southern part of Germany, is a technical support organisation (TSO) in conventional and nuclear technology in Germany. It is an organisation of independent experts. The nuclear division of this organisation supports the Bavarian and Hessian state authorities in charge of nuclear facilities. The task of the TUV's nuclear division is to deliver expert's opinions on licensing and supervisory procedures. To fulfill this task corresponding to up to date knowledge (so called "state of science and technology" within the German framework of rules ...


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the outcomes of the financial optimization process launched by the recent reforms in the Russian higher education sector and its impact on access to higher education, its quality and competitiveness within the sector. The study of the economic performance of higher educational institutions includes complex analysis of financial and educational components of their structural dynamics and their impact on their development strategy.Design/methodology/approach – The methods used in the study of the segmentation of the higher education sector involve a combination of theoretical developments in economics and the modeling of the economic behavior of universities on the market for educational services, procedures for the evaluation of transaction costs in the markets with asymmetric information and recent conceptions of the interrelation of factors affecting quality and accessibility of higher education.Findings – In this paper, the economic potential of Russian ...


Abstract : This work sought to use inductive thermal plasmas to deposit superelastic alloys from a wire source. It was found that unbiased sources could not be heated sufficiently at the tip to produce a measurable deposition rate. NiTi and Cu films were deposited at very low rates (on the order of 10 nm/min) using roughly 200 VDC applied to the wire relative to the substrate. Thermal modeling suggests that pulse biasing is necessary to achieve high deposition rates.


The quality of hospitals in Vietnam is the concern of not only patients, the healthcare industry, but also the society as a whole. As Vietnam's economy achieves high growth, and the living standard is improved, healthcare becomes an even greater concern of Vietnamese, and hospitals need to improve their quality to better satisfy their patients. However, few hospitals in Vietnam aware of the importance of factors affecting patient satisfaction. This paper aims to determine and classify the service quality attributes. In addition, it also identifies the factors that influence patient satisfaction at the Outpatient Department of Trung Vuong hospital. The research framework is developed from the study of Harijith & Haris (2017). The results from the qualitative survey show that there are 33 characteristics affecting the patient satisfaction, of which the "Short wait time" receives the highest score (0,76), and the "Physician competency" receives the lowest score (-0,91). Based on the results, some recommendations are proposed to improve service quality so as to better meet the current and potential needs of patients.


Track and field are the basics,development,and evolution of physical culture.How people holds a different attitudes is determined on hoe people understands the profound connotations of track and field.Thus,study the origins and the specialties of track and field and rethink about Chinese traditions,we will clarify the misunderstandings of track and field in people's minds,in order to help them to understand the correct connotations of track and field;further,to promote a healthy development of track and field of our nation.


TA‐TMA is a described complication of aHCT in children with neuroblastoma. Outcomes are poor with mortality rates approaching 60%. Described late effects in survivors include chronic kidney disease and persistent pulmonary hypertension.


13 Apr 2010 These solutions are in progress. For more information on either the solutions or the book (published by CRC), check the website, http://www.stat.columbia.edu/∼gelman/book/ For each graph and some other computations, we include the code used to create it using the S computer language. The S commands are set off from the text and appear in typewriter font. If you find any mistakes, please notify us by e-mailing to firstname.lastname@example.com. Thank you very much. c ©1996, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010 Andrew Gelman, John Carlin, Hal Stern, and Rich Charnigo. We also thank Jiangtao Du for help in preparing some of these solutions and Rob Creecy, Xin Feng, Lei Guo, Yi Lu, Pejman Mohammadi, Fei Shi, Ken Williams, and Corey Yanovsky for finding mistakes.


During the last decades, it has been extensively demonstrated that spectral measurements (UV/VIS) of scattered sunlight with a Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instrument can be used for the detection of trace gases and aerosols in the troposphere. Trace gases like nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), etc, can be retrieved thanks to measurements performed at different elevation angles towards the horizon, where the sensitivity to absorbers present close to the ground is high. The ZenithSky geometry is on the other hand allowing to measure stratospheric content, especially at twilight when the light path is longest in the higher layers of the atmosphere, allowing measurements of NO2 and ozone (O3).


Dave Graney's memoir 'has a Kerouac-like road trip feel and the noir stylings of a hard-boiled novel', writes Deborah Crabtree. She spoke to the author.


The invention discloses a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) cotton packing tie rolling device. The PET cotton packing tie rolling device is provided with eight set of tie rolling machines which are equidistantly and horizontally arranged. The eight set of tie rolling machines are connecting with a horizontal support frame and penetrate through a horizontal long shaft. Each set of tie rolling machines is provided an upper adjusting gear and a lower gear which are engaged in one pair, the lower gears are fixedly sleeved on the long shaft, the upper adjusting gears are fixedly sleeved on short shafts which are arranged right above the long shaft and parallel to the same, lower rollers fixedly sleeved on the long shaft are arranged besides the lower gears, and upper rollers fixedly sleeved on the short shafts and right above the lower rollers are arranged besides the upper adjusting gears. Before penetrating of packing ties, seams smaller than the width of the packing ties are reserved between the upper rollers and the lower rollers, two ends of the short shafts are fixedly and supportively connected with two lateral sides of lower U-shaped plates with openings facing downwards, the support frame is right above the lower U-shaped plates, and upper U-shaped plates with openings facing upwards are placed right above the support frame in a contacted manner and are fixedly connected with a handle. During penetrating of the packing ties, eight PET packing ties are subjected to rapid penetrating at the same time.


Risk models, built by accessing and using detailed asset information in conjunction with engineering knowledge and experience, have been shown to be a very powerful basis for defining, justifying and optimising investment to renew ageing networks. The opportunity now exists to extend the use of asset based risk models to assist with building investment programmes in other important areas. Potential applications to load related investment and the development of smart grids are considered in this paper.


Concurrent file systems are pervasive but hard to correctly implement and formally verify due to nondeterministic interleavings. This paper presents AtomFS, the first formally-verified, fine-grained, concurrent file system, which provides linearizable interfaces to applications. The standard way to prove linearizability requires modeling linearization point of each operation---the moment when its effect becomes visible atomically to other threads. We observe that path inter-dependency, where one operation (like rename) breaks the path integrity of other operations, makes the linearization point external and thus poses a significant challenge to prove linearizability. To overcome the above challenge, this paper presents Concurrent Relational Logic with Helpers (CRL-H), a framework for building verified concurrent file systems. CRL-H is made powerful through two key contributions: (1) extending prior approaches using fixed linearization points with a helper mechanism where one operation of the thread can logically help other threads linearize their operations; (2) combining relational specifications and rely/guarantee conditions for relational and compositional reasoning. We have successfully applied CRL-H to verify the linearizability of AtomFS directly in C code. All the proofs are mechanized in Coq. Evaluations show that AtomFS speeds up file system workloads by utilizing fine-grained, multicore concurrency.


Meteorological satellite images provide crucial information on solar irradiation and weather conditions at spatial and temporal resolutions which are ideal for short-term photovoltaic (PV) power forecasts. Following the introduction of next-generation meteorological satellites, investigating their application on PV forecasts has become imminent. In this study, Communications, Oceans, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) and Himawari-8 (H8) satellite images were inputted in a deep neural network (DNN) model for 2 hour (h)- and 1 h-ahead PV forecasts. A one-year PV power dataset acquired from two solar power test sites in Korea was used to directly forecast PV power. H8 was used as a proxy for GEO-KOMPSAT-2A (GK2A), the next-generation satellite after COMS, considering their similar resolutions, overlapping geographic coverage, and data availability. In addition, two different data sampling setups were designed to implement the input dataset. The first setup sampled chronologically ordered data using a relatively more inclusive time frame (6 a.m. to 8 p.m. in local time) to create a two-month test dataset, whereas the second setup randomly sampled 25% of data from each month from the one-year input dataset. Regardless of the setup, the DNN model generated superior forecast performance, as indicated by the lowest normalized mean absolute error (NMAE) and normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) results in comparison to that of the support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models. The first setup results revealed that the visible (VIS) band yielded lower NMAE and NRMSE values, while COMS was found to be more influential for 1 h-ahead forecasts. For the second setup, however, the difference in NMAE results between COMS and H8 was not significant enough to distinguish a clear edge in performance. Nevertheless, this marginal difference and similarity of the results suggest that both satellite datasets can be used effectively for direct short-term PV forecasts. Ultimately, the comparative study between satellite datasets as well as spectral bands, time frames, forecast horizons, and forecast models confirms the superiority of the DNN and offers insights on the potential of transitioning to applying GK2A for future PV forecasts.


AIM: To investigate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in serum of patients with acute leukemia and supernatants of leukemia cell lines (HL 60, U937, NB4, JM, K562) and effect of VEGF specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ASODN)on HL 60 cell growth. METHODS: VEGF levels in the serum from 32 patients with acute leukemia and 10 normal subjects as control and in the supernatants of 5 human leukemia cell lines were determined by means of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum VEGF levels (VEGF/PLT, pg·10 -6 ) of patients were compared to that of healthy control after standardized by their blood platelet count. After treatment of HL 60 cells with different concentrations of VEGF ASODN, cell viability was examined with MTT assay and VEGF levels in supernatants with ELISA,respectively. RESULTS: The serum VEGF/PLT level was significantly higher in patients than in the control ( P 0.05); 4 of 5 leukemia cell lines was found to express VEGF at the levels ranging from 91.2 to 260.9 ng·L -1 from the supernatants; after exposure of HL 60 cells to 0.125, 0.5, 1 and 5 μmol·L -1 VEGF ASODN for 24 h, the viability gradually dropped ( P 0.05 vs controls); after treatment of HL 60 cells with 1, 5 and 20 μmol·L -1 VEGF ASODN for 24 h, VEGF levels in supernatant of target cells tapered ( P 0.05 vs control) . CONCLUSION: The Patients with acute leukemia represent the higher levels of serum VEGF than controls; most of leukemia cell lines express VEGF at different levels; VEGF specific ASODN can inhibit HL 60 cell growth with VEGF expression downregulated.


In the title compound, the benzene rings make a dihedral angle of 62.73 (9)° with each other. In the crystal, molecules are linked by a pair of C—Cl⋯π interactions, forming an inversion dimer. A short HL⋯·HL contact links the dimers, forming a ribbon propagating along the c-axis.


Wherever lamps are to be installed on a fairly close spacing, there is a growing tendency to use 20-ampere straight series street lighting circuits in preference to 6.6-ampere circuits, which have been so generally used in the past. Several 20-ampere systems have been in use for more than a year, and reports' of operation are very favorable.


Biochemical characteristics of cheese mold-ripening using mold-fungi of genus Penicillium have been studied. Detailed studying of free amino acid content in cheeses has been done and a choice of an optimum variant of mold-fungi of genus Penicillium has been proved. It is shown that the process of lactic acid accumulation is coordinated with the dynamics of development of milk sugar utilization and the dynamics of change of cheese mass active acidity.


A 3‐pronged approach to evaluation was utilized to measure change (Program Evaluation [PE]), monitor feedback (Process Evaluation), and test Fidelity of Implementation (FOI). Family dyads (youth aged 9‐10 and adult food preparer) participated in an intervention promoting the focal areas of culinary skills, family meals, physical activity, and goal setting. The online PE tool (questions: youth=34; adult=15) was developed to measure change in focal areas and completed at pre and post‐test. Following sessions, dyads and leaders completed online process surveys (questions: youth=13; adult=21; leader=11) giving feedback on sessions and at home activities. At each session FOI (32 questions) was measured. Treatment youth increased PE scores (P<0.05). Treatment adults reported increases in family meals (P<0.05) and youth involvement in meals (P<0.05). Dyads reported more cooking, eating and playing together as the program progressed. Adults reported child's culinary skills were enhanced at each session. FOI evaluators reported session objectives were met 91% and focal areas were covered 90% of time. Dyads, leaders, and evaluators reported iCook was valuable in promoting positive learning. Using a systematic approach to design and implement evaluation tools resulted in evidence‐based outcomes to measure program impact.


Age dating attempts on fossil material have thus far yielded mixed results. While successes have been reported on single specimens, most fossils are thought to have experienced a complex history that obscure a simple determination of age. For this study, transects along the cross-section of 13 fossil alligorid teeth from the Arroyo Chijuillita Member (ACM) of the Nacimiento Formation, New Mexico, and tyrannosaur and crocodilian teeth from the Dinosaur Park Formation (DPF), Alberta were analysed for trace elements and U-Pb isotopes using laser ablation ICP-MS. The reliability of this method was supported by good agreement in the TIMS (61.5±1.6 Ma) and laser ablation ICP-MS (64.9±3.6 Ma) ages for a targeted tooth region. The cross-sectional profile of Y in fossil teeth was found to be a good indicator of the extent of postfossilization alteration. Four gradational Y patterns were identified; 1) Concentrations 2-3 orders of magnitude greater in the center of the sample than the edges, 2) Concentrations 2-3 orders of magnitude greater at the edges of the sample than the center, 3) Profile and concentrations intermediate between Pattern 1 or 2 and Pattern 4, 4) Flat Y profile at very low (DPF) or high (ACM) concentrations. Patterns 1 and 2 samples preserve fossilization-age signatures in some portions of the teeth, while Patterns 3 and 4 samples are associated with progressive disturbance of the fossilization-age signature and preservation of secondary age dates. In the ACM, the U-Pb system preserved in the fossil teeth analyzed can be considered a mixing between the fossilization-age, low-Y center of a Pattern 2 sample (64.2±5.4 Ma) and a Pattern 4 sample preserving an alteration age (25.7±2.1 Ma) corresponding to the end of large-scale volcanic activity in the Four Corners region. In the DPF, the U-Pb data is defined by an age of 71.8±9.4 Ma from a Pattern 1 sample at low U/Pb and altered analyses skewing towards higher U/Pb values. Alteration ages are ~49 Ma and ~33 Ma, but have not been tied to a known geological event. Presented here is a simple geochemical screen to determine the extent of post-fossilization alteration a fossil has experienced, such that samples most likely to preserve a fossilization U-Pb signature can be identified. Furthermore, teeth that do not preserve a fossilization-age signature are used to elucidate the nature and timing of postfossilization alteration events.