The ongoing glacier shrinking in the Himalayan region causes a significant threat to freshwater sustainability and associated future runoff. However, data on the spatial climatic contribution of glacier retreat is scanty in this region. To investigate the spatially distributed glacier surface energy and mass fluxes, a two‐dimensional mass balance model was developed and applied to the selected glaciers of the Chandra basin, in the Upper Indus Basin, Western Himalaya. This model is driven by the remote sensing data and meteorological variables measured in the vicinity of the Chandra basin for six hydrological years (October 2013 to September 2019). The modelled variables were calibrated/validated with the in‐situ observation from the Himansh station in the Chandra basin. We have derived air temperature (Ta) spatially using the multivariate statistical approach, which indicates a relative error of 0.02–0.05°C with the observed data. Additionally, the relative error between the modelled and observed radiation fluxes was <10.0 W m−2. Our study revealed that the Chandra basin glaciers have been losing its mass with a mean annual mass balance of −0.59 ± 0.12 m w.e. a−1 for the six hydrological years. Results illustrated that the mean surface melt rate of the selected glaciers ranged from −5.1 to −2.5 m w.e. a−1 that lies between 4500 and 5000 m a.s.l. The study revealed that the net radiation (RN) contributes ~75% in total energy (FM) during the melt season while sensible heat (HS), latent heat (Hl), and ground heat (HG) fluxes shared 15%, 8%, and 2%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis of the energy balance components suggested that the mass balance is highly sensitive to albedo and surface radiations in the study area. Overall, the proposed model performed well for glacier‐wide energy and mass balance estimation and confirms the utility of remote sensing data, which may help in reducing data scarcity in the upper reaches of the Himalayan region.


Hybrid in-situ geotechnical tests provide an optimization of data collection by combining two or more techniques into a single sounding. The seismic piezocone penetration test (SCPTu) offers a versatile approach since it is economical and quickly provides vertical profiles of four independent measurements with depth: cone tip resistance (q T ), sleeve friction (f s ), penetration porewater pressure (u b ), and downhole shear wave velocity (V s ). The shear wave is a fundamental nondestructive property of all solids in civil engineering that corresponds to the small-strain stiffness, designated by the shear modulus (G 0 ). Recent research shows that G 0 applies to both static and dynamic properties, as well as to both undrained and drained loading conditions in geotechnical situations. Since the traditional penetration readings from the cone correspond to failure states, an entire stress-strainstrength curve can be derived at each depth from the SCPTu results. Applications are presented to illustrate how nonlinear stiffnesses are obtained and used in foundation case histories involving shallow footings and pile foundations.


This study was conducted to theoretically develop and empirically study a structural model of visitors' satisfaction of Kuching Waterfront to determine its position as feasible tourist destination thus in the hope to improve its current weaknesses on all the variables tested in this study from the tourism stakeholders' perspective. The proposed hypotheses that attempted to identify the structural relationship among the 11 construct model to examine through the series of analysis based on the various variables such as perceived tourism perception of the Kuching Waterfront, environmental attitudes, and development preferences about tourists' attractions and in terms of various physical, amenities, facilities, locations, entertainments and recreations. The principal guideline of this study is to provide supports for the tourism stakeholders in the process for tourism planning and long-term sustainability of tourism destinations. The tourism stakeholders' should have solid knowledge and direct participation in the tourism planning and development and having long term observation and interactions with their important role in managing tourism industry and bring forward Sarawak as one of the preferred tourist destination in the world. The study had collected 316 usable survey questionnaires from the convenience sampling through out Sarawak and foreign tourists. From the research findings and tests, the tourist attractions are with preferences to positive perception of all the important variables such as location, image , environment, uniqueness of the physicals and recreation activities at the site of which will place a memorable experience after the visit. Additional findings that would benefit the tourism development in particular to the economic growth to the nations thus it is very important that Sarawak state should support enhancement of tourism strategies for destination competitiveness. The future of Kuching Waterfront should be a place of as an important and preferred destination for local and foreign tourists are our great expectation for the economic growth of the state.


There is provided a method of manufacturing the battery pack, wherein the battery pack composed of one or more layers, wherein at least one layer comprises a flame retardant, flame retardancy imparting coating or both. In the battery pack, the cell membrane itself does not comprise any flame retardant or flame retardants. Thus, flame retardancy can be provided without increasing the volume of the battery or the battery does not affect the operation of the battery.


Primary Hodgkin's disease of the thyroid is rare since only 13 cases have been described. This report documents a case in a 57-year-old woman with a painful goiter. She was treated by subtotal thyroid


The half pavilion exists as a special form of pavilion, and its application is the perfect interpretation of Chinese traditional philosophical thought of "harmony between the heaven and human" in the gardens, which is the crystallization of the wisdom of ancient people. In the Chinese classical gardens, the particularity of the half pavilion gives viewers a sense of experience with thousands of pavilions. Every scene and every half pavilion has a new experience and aesthetic feeling. In addition to its own aesthetic value, the external shape of the half pavilion is also of exploratory significance in its integration with the surrounding environment, showing its concept of adapting to local conditions, harmony between the heaven and man, and interacting with the surrounding environment. This paper studies the half pavilion preserved from ancient times in the Chinese gardens, and explores from the external characteristics of the half pavilion and spatial layout of the gardens. In terms of how to use it in the gardens, so as to find inspiration and provide new heuristics for modern designs.


This study focuses on analyzing the type of representative utterances using the theory or pragmalinguistic by Anna Trosborg. This study aims at describing 1) the pragmalinguistic form found in "Translation of Forty Prophetic Tradition of An-Nawawi", 2) the illocutionary act of the representative utterances found in "Translation of Forty Prophetic Tradition of An-Nawawi".

This research applies descriptive qualitative method. The data are a book of Forty Prophetic Tradition of An-Nawawi. The documentation method is used here to collect the data. The data analyzed are representative utterances found in Forty Prophetic Traditions of An-Nawawi.

The results of pragmalinguistic form show that there are 41% or 13 data of intensifiers, 25% or 8 data of commitment up grader, 9% or 3 data of lexical intensification, 6% or 2 data of hedges, 3% or 1 datum of subjectiviziers, 9% or 3 data of cajolers, 3% or 1 datum of appealers, 3% or 1 datum of providing evidence. The result of intention by using illocutionary act by using theory of Kreidler are 2,6% or 1 datum of announcing, 2,6% or 1 datum of declaring, 7,9% or 3 data of explaining, 2,6% or indicating, 7,9% or 3 data of mentioning, 2,6% or 1 datum of reporting, 23,7% or 9 data of affirming, 7,9% or 3 data of asserting, 2,6% or 1 datum of guarantying, 5,3% or 2 data of swearing, 28,95 or 11 data of emphasizing, 2,6% or 1 datum of intimating, 2,6% or 1 datum of predicting.


Individual liberty today requires a constitutionally protected sector where individual power is supreme. We can no longer treat the realm of the individual as simply a residuary area containing whatever is left over after the grant of powers to organized society. The powers and functions of the individual sector should be carefully spelled out and recognized as absolutely essential to the health and survival of democratic society. Existing constitutional theory is inadequate to protect against the ceaseless and rapidly increasing encroachments of organized power. The very word "liberty," ancient and lofty though it may be, fails to convey the practical necessity of control over our lives that is indispensable to survival. "Liberty" does not draw a boundary line that can resist the domination of the modem state or the corporate employer. "Liberty" does not include the allimportant component of economic security that is essential to survival in a centrally managed economy. The concepts of liberty and property cannot be separated, as existing theory has attempted to do, without stripping the individual of essential protection.' Without a secure and supportive habitat for the individual-a protected personal space-there can be no liberty. As the Supreme Court recognized long ago, individuals must be able to control "the means of living, or any material right essential to the enjoyment of life" 2 if


Almost contact metric manifolds have a rich differential geometric structures. The paper deals with almost contact metric manifolds, which are almost manifolds. D. Janssen and L. Vanhecke began investigated of almost manifolds. The curvature tensor is crucial for almost manifolds and curvature identities satisfied by this tensor are very important for understanding the differential geometric properties of almost -manifolds. The results obtained in this paper identities expressing additional symmetry properties of the Riemannian curvature tensor of almost -manifolds, allow to solve an actual problem of classifying almost -manifolds, namely, to distinguish the class CR1 and CR2-class almost manifolds. We obtain the following identities curvature almost manifold: 1) ; 2). On the basis of identities allocated almost manifold of class and class CR1 CR2. Definition 3. Almost manifold is called a variety of class CR1, if the Riemann curvature tensor satisfies the condition,. Definition 4. We say almost manifold manifold of class CR2, if the Riemann curvature tensor satisfies the condition for. In this work the local characterization of the classes, namely, we prove the following assertion. Theorem 2. Nearly manifold is a manifold of class CR1 if and only if it is cosymplectic diversity, i.e., it is locally equivalent to the product of a Kahler manifold on the real line. Theorem 3. Almost manifold of dimension greater than 3, a manifold CR2 class if and only if it is cosymplectic diversity, i.e., it is locally equivalent to the product of a Kahler manifold on the real line.


We have observed a bright flare of Sgr A* in the near-infrared with the adaptive optics-assisted integral-field spectrometer SINFONI. Within the uncertainties, the observed spectrum is featureless and can be described by a power law. Our data suggest that the spectral index is correlated with the instantaneous flux and that both quantities experience significant changes within less than 1 hour. We argue that the near-infrared flares from Sgr A* are due to synchrotron emission of transiently heated electrons, the emission being affected by orbital dynamics and synchrotron cooling, both acting on timescales of ≈20 minutes.


Contraception is an effort to prevent the onsany of pregnancy that is temporary and can be permanent. One of the contraceptive methods that is in demand by the public is the hormonal contraceptive method, namely the injectable contraceptive Depo Provera. Hormonal contraceptive methods are considered one method with high effectiveness, but on the other hand hormonal contraceptives especially those containing progesterone have some side effects such as menstrual cycle disorders, spotting, increased blood pressure and weight gain. This study aims to find out the relationship between the use of injectable contraceptive Depo Provera with the occurrence of side effects on the acceptance in Nulle publick health center South Central Timor Regency in 2020. This type of research is quantitative research using a cross sectional study approach. The sample in this study was 95 acceptances spread across 8 villages that became the working area of Nulle Health Center. The data analysis used is univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using Chi-square test. The characteristics of the majority of respondents aged 21-30 years and 31-40 years were 42.9%, not working 55.6%, high school education 54.0% and parity 1-2 people as much as 49.2%. The results of the data analysis showed there is a relationship between the use of injectable contraceptive Depo Provera with side effects in the form of menstrual cycle disorders (ρ-value = 0.004), spotting (ρ-value = 0.006) and increase in weight (ρ-value = 0.010) while unrelated side effects are an increase in blood pressure (ρ-value = 0.423). Advice for health officials especially in the field of maternal and child health and family planning to increase the frequency of counseling/information to acceptors, especially injectable contraceptive acceptors Depo Provera regarding the side effects of contraceptive use and other factors that can influence the onsling of such side effects by utilizing health promotion media, so that the acceptor can have a good information/understanding of the contraceptive used.


The energy levels and γ -ray decay scheme of the positive-parity states in the T z = 12 nucleus 67 As have been studied by using the 40 Ca( 36 Ar , 2 αp ) 67 As reaction at a beam energy of 145 MeV. Two new band structures have been identified which can be connected to the previously known levels. The results for these bands are compared with configuration-dependent cranked Nilsson–Strutinsky calculations. The good level of agreement between theory and experiment suggests that these structures can be interpreted in terms of configurations that involve three g 92 particles and that both possess noncollective terminating states.


Motivated by difficulties in recording reliable data in the immediate vicinity of a crack tip, the general fracture mechanics concept often employed for isotropy of utilizing stresses which are valid away from the crack with distance measurements is extended to orthotropy. Specifically, stress intensity factors, KI and KII, for inclined cracks are determined here in a uniaxially-loaded orthotropic graphite–epoxy composite using measured temperatures and least-squares. An advantageous novel technique for evaluating the thermo-mechanical coefficients is also implemented by commingling numerical and measured information. The through cracks are inclined at either 85 or 45 with respect to the load, the latter also being the strong/stiff composite direction. Retaining higher-order terms in the stress representations enables using measured temperatures away from the crack. The present method of determining the two thermo-mechanical coefficients circumvents the challenges encountered when attempting to evaluate the largest thermo-mechanical coefficient from uniaxial coupons since this coefficient typically occurs in the weakest direction of the composite.


The present study focuses on the teacher cooperation levels in the new Greek primary school structure. It is based on the social network theory and it consists of a quantitative study with the use of self-reported questionnaires. Participant were general education and other specialization education teachers who worked in the new primary school structure with a reformed comprehensive curriculum. From the outcomes of this study it is evident that teacher cooperation levels are good but more time and effort is needed in order to deliver the comprehensive curriculum in collaboration. Moreover, although different specialists are brought together to teach in primary schools their expertise is not fully used in order to be valuable for student learning and teachers' professional development.


Commentary by Allyson Pollock et al misrepresents the findings of economic analyses of quasi-markets says Julian Le Grand. Looking at the evidence (and recognizing the defects of state agencies' administration of healthcare) shows that quasi-markets with fixed prices perform better. Competitive mechanisms in the NHS were also supported by previous Labour reforms


A 70‐year‐old man revealed a rare type of atrioventricular nodal re‐entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) involving distinct retrograde pathways, superior slow pathway, and inferolateral left atrial slow pathway.


The annual growth of the municipal solid waste (MSW) generated and the exhaustion of existing landfills capacity have led to the processes of reforming the waste sector in Russia. But the question remains open: what is the optimal ratio between waste management practices for building a sustainable MSW management system? The purpose of this article is to evaluate the sustainability of the MSW management system in Russia according to various scenarios of its development using the decoupling index. Based on the strategic documents, authors constructed three scenarios for the MSW industry development in Russia until 2024: scenario 1 (basic), scenario 2 (MSW utilization via recycling), scenario 3 (MSW utilization via recycling and MSW incineration at WTE plants). After that, the decoupling index for all scenarios was calculated. In general, calculations of the decoupling index for 2022-2024 showed that for all scenarios (except for scenario 3 in 2022), the industry is moving into the zone of absolute sustainability. The greatest sustainability is achieved in scenario 2 – for this scenario the absolute value of the decoupling index is maximum in 2023 and 2024, thereby confirming the role of recycling in increasing the sustainability of the MSW management system. The results can be used by decision makers when reforming the MSW management system to choose the optimal ratio between the MSW management practices and the appropriate regulatory tools.


The purpose of the paper was to assess the effect of financial literacy on the access to finance of SMEs. Thus, the study examined the effect of financial literacy on SMEs' access to finance in developing economies. Data for the study was collected from SME owners/managers in Ghana through questionnaires. 396 questionnaires were analyzed. The Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used as the main analytical tool. The study found a significant positive association between financial literacy and access to finance. Financial literacy also had a positive significant effect on risk attitude, whereas the link between risk attitude and access to finance was also found significant. Again, the study showed that risk attitude matters in the nexus between financial literacy and access to finance, as it was found to mediate the link between financial literacy and access to finance. Our findings affirm the dual process theory of reasoning where an entrepreneur's decision to access finance is guided by two systems of thinking: the automatic unconscious system based on their risk attitude, and the deliberate conscious system where different considerations and models are weighed up based on their financial literacy, both of which serves to magnify or dampen rational decision-making to access business financing. The findings also affirm the Knowledge base view theory (KBV) that, financial literacy is a special strategic asset organizations can use to obtain a competitive advantage over competitors. Practically, SMEs will be encouraged to improve their financial literacy and risk attitude skills.


Basil Davidson's book Old Africa Rediscovered (I 959) was the first major survey of African history before the arrival of the Europeans. Shortly before her death in 1962 Karen Blixen wrote in her preface to the Danish edition: 'A wonderful book. I have waited for it and longed for it since I first and before the First World War set foot on African soil.' It had strengthened, her conviction that the artist not the politician, the scientist or the businessman must be the best intermediary between Africa and Europe, This journal article is available in Kunapipi: http://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol3/iss1/10


This study presents evaluation of noise levels in urban buses. Noise exposure was evaluated in 80 buses of four models. Differences were found in noise among various bus models and among buses with different engine configurations. No strong correlations were found in year of fabrication and LA eq . ANOVA and Tukey's test characterized conventional buses as noisiest buses and speedy buses as lowest noise inducing buses.


This study aims to determine the financial indicators that affect the profitability of Chinese A-share listed catering companies. The literature shows that more profitable companies are often more competitive and can also bring greater returns to investors. Therefore, it seems very necessary to identify the factors that affect the profitability of A-share listed catering companies. This study was based on the samples of the four catering companies,Tongqinglou,Guangzhou Restaurant ,Quanjude Group,Xi'an Catering,listed on China A-shares from 2018 to 2022. In order to determine the indicators affecting the profitability of the listed catering companies, based on DuPont analysis ,I conducted a large number of data analysis on the financial statements of these four companies and preliminarily determined 12 indicators. In order to determine the significance of the impact of each indicator on profitability, I used correlation analysis for screening.And finally, seven indicators were determined, namely: Return on equity, Return on total asset,Sales profit margin, Cost profit margin, Earnings per share , Total assets turnover ratio, and Profit rate on fixed assets.


This Note describes a bonding method for the joining of targets used for rf sputtering to target holders. The use of a low vapor pressure, low melting point bonding medium results in a strong, reliable bond applicable to a wide range of materials.


Self-assembled protein cages are versatile building blocks in the construction of biomolecular nanostructures. Because of the defined assembly behaviour the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) protein is often used for such applications. Here we report a detailed solution scattering study of the CCMV virus and empty capsid. Contrast variation in small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) reveals a well-defined protein shell, with RNA associated mainly with its inner surface. The empty capsid has a protein shell with a diameter comparable to that of the virus, and has some weak scattering density associated on the inside, presumably the N-terminal part which is involved in RNA binding. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and SANS show that the virus swells with increasing pH (5.0 to 7.5), whereas the empty capsid disassembles; the aggregation behaviour of the capsid protein becomes more complex at salt concentrations below 0.5 M NaCl. Incorporation of polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) in the capsid gives a particle with a solvent core, a polymer inner shell, and a protein outer shell, with a much smaller capsid outer diameter.


Menopause is an important physiologic stage that determines the end of female reproductive capacity and which is associated to several physical and psychological changes, interfering directly in the quality of women life. Due to metabolic profile and body composition alterations related to menopause, post-menopausal women become more susceptible to the development of metabolic disorders and obesity. Some menopause-related symptoms are alleviated with the hormone replacement therapy (HRT). However, some side effects are associated with its long-term use including a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases development and breast cancer. Therefore, body weight control through physical exercises and a balanced diet should be stimulated instead of pharmacological therapies.


An analytic approach for determining interlaminar stresses in rectangular [θ/-θ]s laminates subjected to an axial load has been adapted to the case of [θ1/θ2/θ3/θ4]s laminates.
The coupling effects of each part of the laminate are compensated by the adjacent parts. In a first step, a half of the laminate is considered for determining forces and moments per unit length that prevent the global deformation of the whole symmetric laminate. Then, interlaminar stresses are computed applying the stress equilibrium equations and imposing the continuity of the stresses in the layer interfaces.
The influence of the ply thickness and the stacking sequence of the laminate on the edge effect is analyzed by the analytical approach.


In this short note we outline a simple probabilistic proof of the Gauss-Bonnet formula for compact Riemannian manifolds with boundary, which adapts to this setting an argument due to Hsu \cite{Hs1,Hs2} in the closed case. The new technical ingredient is the Feynman-Kac formula for differential forms satisfying absolute boundary conditions proved in \cite{dL}. Combined with the so-called supersymmetric aproach to index theory, this leads to a path integral representation of the Euler characteristic of the manifold in terms of normally reflected Brownian motion whose short time asymptotics clarifies the role played by the shape operator in determining the boundary contribution to the formula. As a consequence we obtain the expected {\em local} Gauss-Bonnet formula which upon integration yields the desired global result.


The bandwidth of coherent supercontinuum generated in optical fibres is strongly determined by the all-normal dispersion characteristic of the fibre. We investigate all-normal dispersion limitations in all-solid oxide-based soft glass photonic crystal fibres with various relative inclusion sizes and lattice constants. The influence of material dispersion on fibre dispersion characteristics for a selected pair of glasses is also examined. A relation between the material dispersion of the glasses and the fibre dispersion has been described. We determined the parameters which limit the maximum range of flattened all-normal dispersion profile achievable for the considered pair of heavy-metal-oxide soft glasses.


Magnetic resonance coupling is a widely used technique for wireless power transfer (WPT) in biomedical and consumer electronics applications. For specific applications, device size limits the overall size of the transmit and receive coils. In this work, design considerations for an asymmetrical 4-element WPT system are investigated. For either a target efficiency or a desired WPT range, the optimal coil parameters such as Q and coupling coefficient are defined and these design considerations are experimentally verified. The results can be used to design an optimal set of coils for various WPT applications.


• Objective: To assess the strength of the evidence for disclosing errors to patients, focusing on patients' and physicians' attitudes toward disclosure and disclosure's effect on malpractice claims, and to present practical suggestions for disclosing medical errors. • Methods: Review of the literature. • Results: A gap exists between patients' preferences for disclosure and current clinical practice. Patients have consistently expressed a desire to be told about harmful medical errors, and want to know why the error happened, how recurrences will be prevented, and to receive an apology. However, current data suggests that as few as 30% of harmful errors are disclosed to patients. Physicians support the general principle of disclosure, but hesitate to share the information patients want about errors. Physicians identify fear of liability as one important barrier to error disclosure and experience significant emotional distress after a harmful medical error. Limited data suggests that some institutions have adopted policies of more open disclosure without adverse malpractice consequences. The current disclosure literature contains important but unanswered questions, such as how patients' preferences for disclosure vary along cultural and other dimensions, and whether recommended disclosure strategies improve patient trust and the likelihood of lawsuits. In the absence of definitive evidence about the outcomes of disclosure, practical suggestions for talking with patients about errors can be derived from the literature on doctor-patient communication, breaking bad news, and conflict resolution. • Conclusion: Patients want to be told about harmful errors in their care, but at present such disclosure is uncommon. Closing gaps in the existing disclosure literature could help clinicians communicate more effectively with patients following harmful medical errors.


Variation in egg mass is a characteristic feature among birds and varies both between and within species. It has been suggested that, in altricial birds that hatch their eggs asynchronously, two tactics regarding intra-clutch variation in egg mass could h


The objective of this study was to explore the capabilities of a computer model of human ventricular myocardium with realistic geometry and intramural anisotropic structure to simulate the ectopic activation in the actual human heart. Activation sequences were initiated at 45 left-ventricular and 20 right-ventricular endocardial sites, and were displayed as activation isochrones and body-surface potential maps (BSPMs). The results of the simulations indicated that the BSPM patterns generated by developed wavefronts were distinctly determined by the initial sites of activation and closely resembled BSPMs recorded during endocardial pacing in patients with ventricular tachycardia. Therefore, our ventricular model can serve as a useful tool in producing a set of template BSPMs for catheter pace mapping.


This article addresses an ethically pressed problem which is related to modern psychology: when a person lives in a closed environment. A new approach to solving this problem is examined. It is based on the revelation of new substantial and functional aspects of the cognitive processes of meaning-making and meaning-losing. The phenomenon of "adaptability to changes in lifestyle" is analyzed. The substantial characteristics of the notion of a "closed environment" as well as the psychological manifestations which appear when one is forced to live in a closed environment or choses to live in one of his own volitions are revealed. According to the author, the new approach will allow us to come closer to understanding and being able to explain the psychological mechanisms of the mental upheaval which prisoners sentenced to be confined experience.


Lane Utilization Ratio (LUR), affected by lane selection behavior directly, represents the traffic distribution on different lanes of road section for a single direction. The research on LUR, especially under Penetration Conditions of Connected and Automated Vehicles (PCCAV), is not comprehensive enough. Considering the difficulty in the conduction of real vehicle experiment and data collection under PPCAV, the lane selection model based on phase-field coupling and set pair logic, which considers the full-information of lanes, was used to carry out microscopic traffic simulation. From the analysis of microsimulation results, the basic relationships between Penetration of Connected and Automated Vehicles (PCAV), traffic volume, and Lane-Changing Times, also that between PCAV, traffic volume, and LUR in the basic section of the urban expressway were studied. Moreover, the influence of driving propensity on the effect of PCAVs was also studied. The research results could enrich the traffic flow theory and provide the theoretical basis for traffic management and control.


The air cooler reduce the working temperature of the transformer, high temperature will reduce the transformers life, and even make insulation overheating, aging, then the transformer will be damaged. The air cooler which is forced oil circulation in transformer outdoor in substation has been monitored. The real-time monitoring of 24-hours indicates that the temperature changes in the range of 3°C. The ambient temperature is lower than the temperature of fan about 1°C. At the long-term of 479 days, the average daily temperature range of fan is 35.32°C, the maximum temperature is 50.25°C on August 18,2011, and the maximum temperature is 14.93°C on January 17, 2011. The daily average of ambient temperature range is 37.59°C, the maximum temperature is 51.16°C on August 17, 2011,and the minimum temperature is 13.57°C on January 17, 2011. The maximum difference between the temperature of fan and the ambient temperature is 12.48°C on September 15, 2011. According to the relevant standards and monitoring results, the maximum threshold of fan temperature is defined to 80°C, and the threshold of temperature rise is 20°C.


4D Modeling of Infant Brain Growth in Down's Syndrome and Controls from longitudinal MRI Clement Vachet, Heather C. Hazlett, Joseph Piven, and Guido Gerig Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States


Purpose – This paper seeks to give an outline about the geometric concept of electronic circuits, where the jump behavior of nonlinear circuits is emphasized.Design/methodology/approach – A sketch of circuit theory in a differential geometric setting is given.Findings – It is shown that the structure of circuit theory can be given in a much better way than by means of a description of circuits using concrete coordinates. Furthermore, the formulation of a concrete jump condition is given.Originality/value – In this paper, an outline is given about the state of the art of nonlinear circuits from a differential geometric point of view. Moreover, differential geometric methods were applied to two example circuits (flip flop and multivibrator) and numerical results were achieved.


A propagation mechanism is discussed which comprises two reflections from a horizontally-stratified, partially-reflecting layer. Such a layer located appreciably below the `crossover height? (i.e. the height of intersection of the horizon rays from the terminals) may cause an enhancement of signal strength which exceeds that obtained with a single reflection from a similar layer at the crossover height. This mechanism appears to give a satisfactory explanation for the experimental results obtained by Lane and Sollum in a study of layer-mode propagation over two radio paths, of length 139 and 309km, the shorter being over land and the longer partly over sea.


This paper aims to present the situation of Spanish Psychology journals with regard to certain qual- ity parameters obtained from two Spanish journal evaluation systems (RESH and DICE), Latindex and others. First of all, the publishing profile is analyzed in relation to the publication frequency compliance and other international standards for scientific publications. In addition, the level of international dis- semination of Spanish Psychology journals in international databases is also examined, as a reflection of its quality and the interest that such a journal provokes in the scientific community. The best ten Spanish journals are identified according to the parameters considered in DICE: compliance with the publication frequency established, variety of institutions that contribute articles to the journal (contribu- tion openness), variety of institutions represented at the editorial board (editorial board openness), if it has a peer review system, the number of Latindex criteria that the journal fulfils and its level of pres- ence in international databases. Finally, editors' attitude towards online journals and Open Access as well as the internationality of editorial boards and authorship are analysed. Some results: a) most journals follow international publishing conventions and watch for the time- liness of publication; b) a third of the journals are well represented in international databases; c) taking into account six quality criteria, there are 25-30 high level or competitive journals; d) a cautious attitude towards OA is observed in Spanish Psychology journals; e) according to the "internationality" of Psy- chology as a scientific domain, journals must make an effort to include foreign members in their advi- sory or scientific boards in order to attract papers from other countries. Around 20 journals have good levels of foreign authors and advisors.


As a typical non-linear and under-actuated system for a quadrotor, it is difficult to achieve flight control that meets performance in various natural scenarios. Therefore, this paper focuses on the adaptive sliding mode control algorithm of the quad-rotor aircraft. The main research results are as follows: a complete nonlinear mathematical model including internal parameter perturbation and external disturbance is established, then an adaptive sliding modebased aircraft control algorithm is designed, and which stability is proved by Lyapunov function. The MATLAB numerical simulation compares and verifies the adaptive sliding mode control algorithm, sliding mode control algorithm and PID control algorithm in two scenarios of tracking fixed point and trajectory tracking. Finally, it is concluded from experiments that the speed and robustness of the adaptive sliding mode control algorithm is far better than that of the PID control algorithm.


The study reports results of research carried out from April to October during 1988–2016 at the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University (South Karelia, middle taiga subzones). Three introduced species of the genus Larix (Larix sibirica Ledeb., L. leptolepis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Gord, and L. dahurica Turcz. ex Trautv.) were studied. The growth of shoots and needles in different species begins, reaches its culmination, and ends almost simultaneously, differing by no more than one week across the species. L. sibirica shows the highest growth rate. The timing of growth, culmination, and the dynamics of growth of shoots and needles are largely determined by variations in precipitation, temperature, and humidity. The direction and strength of such an effect may vary from year to year. The dates of phenological phases of the Larix species studied here are chiefly determined by the air temperature in the current growing season and the dates of formation of wintering buds in the previous growing season. Bud swelling and opening begins almost simultaneously in the studied species. Most of the other phenological phases begin and end earliest in L. sibirica and latest in L. leptolepis. All the studied species, primarily L. sibirica, are promising for residential landscaping and creation of artificial plant communities in Karelia


Not only has the body been instrumental to (post)colonial
discourses of various kinds. It is also a crucial site for
representation and control, as well as prime means of developing
and reinforcing prejudices against specific groups. It is my
intention to examine the ways in which the "visual" and textual
intrusion of "exotic" bodies have challenged or confirmed
inherited or traditional consideration regarding the body. I will
argue that, at least in the case of Melville's work, readers perceive
an evolution from the use of exotic/colonial bodies to undermine
and criticise "dominant" or "hegemonic" perceptions and values of
the western body to a vision in which the colonial exotic body is
valued on its own.


The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the original 10-item version of the Fear of Missing Out scale (FoMOs) to validate it for use among Chinese adolescents and emerging adults. A convenient sample of 2886 subjects (Mage =14.79, SD = 4.03; 47.96% male) was recruited in South China. Item analysis, EFA, CFA, testing of measurement invariance across gender and age, reliability analysis, and concurrent validity analysis were conducted. A subsample of 154 subjects (Mage = 15.3, SD = 2.22; 54% male) completed the scale again after 6 months to assess the test-retest reliability. The EFA strongly indicated a two-dimensional solution, including fear of missing novel information and fear of missing social opportunities, for the Chinese version of the FoMOs, which the CFA confirmed. Adequate internal consistency was found. Concurrent validity was also demonstrated. Based on the results, the Chinese version of the FoMOs is suitable for use among Chinese young people.


The influence of nonvanishing quark masses on the total cross section in electron positron collisions and on the Z decay rate is calculated. The corrections are expanded in m 2 /s and α s. Methods similar to those applied for the quadratic mass terms allow to derive the corrections of order α s m 4 /s 2 and α 2 s m 4 /s 2. Coefficients which depend logarithmically on m 2 /s and which cannot be absorbed in a running quark mass arise in order α 2 s. The implications of these results on electron positron annihilation cross sections at LEP and at lower energies in particular between the charm and the bottom threshold and for energies several GeV above the b ¯ b threshold are discussed.


Technology-assisted review (TAR) workflows based on iterative active learning are widely used in document review applications. Most stopping rules for one-phase TAR workflows lack valid statistical guarantees, which has discouraged their use in some legal contexts. Drawing on the theory of quantile estimation, we provide the first broadly applicable and statistically valid sample-based stopping rules for one-phase TAR. We further show theoretically and empirically that overshooting a recall target, which has been treated as innocuous or desirable in past evaluations of stopping rules, is a major source of excess cost in one-phase TAR workflows. Counterintuitively, incurring a larger sampling cost to reduce excess recall leads to lower total cost in almost all scenarios.


The brain of cetaceans is very large in both absolute and relative size and possesses an extremely convoluted cortex. The understanding of how the brain of these mammals fully adapted to an aquatic life is organized is important to shed light on the processes that shaped the evolution of the mammalian brain in general, including humans. Three cortical regions, the anterior cingulate (ACC), anterior insular (AI), and frontopolar cortices (FPC) have been shown to be involved in high-level cognitive function in primates and thus, the understanding of their structural organization in cetaceans is particularly meaningful given the wide evidence of their cognitive abilities. Cytoarchitecture, chemoarchitecture based on the distribution of the calcium binding (CaBP) protein calretinin, glia/neuron ratio, and neuronal specializations were assessed in the ACC, AI, and FPC of a series of cetaceans representative of the main families such as the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus, Odontoceti, Delphinidae), Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus, Odontoceti, Delphinidae), harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena, Odontoceti, Phocoenidae), killer whale, (Orcinus orca, Odontoceti, Delphinidae), beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas, Odontoceti, Monodontidae), sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus, Odontoceti, Physeteridae), pigmy sperm whale (Kogia simus, Odontoceti, Kogiidae), Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis, Odontoceti, Iniidae), minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae), and humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae). Other species including the pigmy hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon liberiensis, Cetartiodactyla, Hippopotamidae), Florida manatee (Trichecus manatus latirostris, Sirenia, Trichechidae), Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus, Carnivora, Odobenidae), African savannah elephant (Loxodonta africana, Proboscidea, Elephantidae), black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis, Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae), rock hyrax (Procavia capensis, Hyracoidea, Procavidae), lowland streaked tenrec (Hemicentetes semispinosus, Afrosoricida, Tenrecidae), and black and rufous elephant shrew (Rhynchocyon petersi, Macroscelidea, Macroscelididae), were used for comparative purposes in different parts of this study. The results show that 1) Order-specific differences in the organization of the neocortex occur among cetaceans; 2) Cetaceans share structural features of the neocortex with the artiodactyls, both at a structural and neurochemical level; 3) The glia-neuron ratio of the cetacean neocortex corresponds to what is expected for their brain size; 4) The specific cortical regions investigated contain, in most of the available cetaceans species, a neuronal specialization observed with the same pattern of distribution only in great apes and humans, the Von Economo neurons. Overall these results are further evidence for an organization of the cetacean neocortex, which, although very different from that of primates, displays complexity, challenging the classical view of its homogeneous and simple structure. Specifically, the extended development of regions involved in high-level cognitive processes such as the ACC, AI, and FPC, their diverse cortical organization, and the presence of a specific neuronal specialization, all suggest that specific evolutionary selective pressures acted on these cortical regions and thus on their functions. Based on the evidence reported in the present thesis, the brain of cetaceans can be considered of a complexity comparable to that of primates, and an evolutionary alternative to the generation of complex behaviors.


In this paper, I explicate pragmatic encroachment by appealing to pragmatic considerations attenuating, or weakening, epistemic reasons to believe. I call this the 'Attenuators View'. I will show that this proposal is better than spelling out pragmatic encroachment in terms of reasons against believing – what I call the 'Reasons View'. While both views do equally well when it comes to providing a plausible mechanism of how pragmatic encroachment works, the Attenuators View does a better job distinguishing practical and epistemic reasons to believe. First, this view does not appeal to the costs of believing falsely as reasons against believing; second, because of this, it does not run the risk of tearing down the wall between practical and epistemic reasons bearing on belief. I underpin the Attenuators View with a virtue‐theoretic account of how pragmatic encroachment attenuates epistemic reasons and close my discussion by considering some objections against such a view.


Matrix and tensor factorization have been applied to a number of semantic relatedness tasks, including paraphrase identification. The key idea is that similarity in the latent space implies semantic relatedness. We describe three ways in which labeled data can improve the accuracy of these approaches on paraphrase classification. First, we design a new discriminative term-weighting metric called TF-KLD, which outperforms TF-IDF. Next, we show that using the latent representation from matrix factorization as features in a classification algorithm substantially improves accuracy. Finally, we combine latent features with fine-grained n-gram overlap features, yielding performance that is 3% more accurate than the prior state-of-the-art.


James Douglas George ("Dougie") started his career in Belfast. He studied medicine at Queen's University, where he gained a boxing blue, showing early on in his career his ability to juggle academic and sporting prowess. His first surgical posts were at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, and he completed his training as a senior …


The utility model discloses a mechanical interlocking valve for fire extinguishing equipment, which comprises a valve body and a pressure lever inserted into the valve body; an air inlet passage and an air outlet passage are arranged on one end of the valve body and communicated with each other by a communicating chamber in the valve body; a piston sealing assembly for separating the air inlet passage and the air outlet passage is arranged on one end of the pressure lever; and an offsetting spring is sleeved on the piston sealing assembly. The utility model is a mechanical interlocking valve which has a simple and compact structure, low cost, high operating sensitivity and good sealing effect, and is used for the fire extinguishing equipment.


The quaternionic Stiefel manifold is the total space of a fibre bundle over the corresponding Grassmannian . The group acts freely on the fibres of this bundle. The quotient space is called the quaternionic projective Stiefel manifold. Its real and complex analogues were actively studied earlier by a number of authors. A finite group acting freely on the three-dimensional sphere also acts freely and discretely on the fibres of the quaternionic Stiefel bundle. The corresponding quotient spaces are called partially projective Stiefel manifolds. The cohomology rings of partially projective quaternionic Stiefel manifolds with coefficients in , where is prime, are calculated. Bibliography: 14 titles.


Precise ratios of elastic electron scattering cross sections for the nuclei /sup 54,56,58/Fe, /sup 58,60,62,64/Ni, and /sup 64,66,68,70/Zn have been measured in the momentum-transfer region 0.6 fm/sup -1/ < or = q < or = 2.3 fm/sup -1/. The data were analyzed with a Fourier-Bessel parametrization of the charge distribution. Charge distribution differences were determined nearly model independently for the ..delta..A=2 isotope and isotone pairs. The ..delta..Z=2 isotone charge distribution differences show a strong shell effect. For the ..delta..N=2 isotopes we observe a nearly constant increase of the ''half density radius'' in the investigated region of the 2p/sub 3/2/, 1f/sub 5/2/, and 2p/sub 1/2/ neutron shells. However, the skin thickness of the charge distribution increases strongly at the beginning (/sup 56/Fe-/sup 54/Fe) and decreases at the end (/sup 70/Zn-/sup 68/Zn) of these shells by adding two neutrons. The rms radii differences deduced from a combined analysis of the electron scattering data and present muonic x-ray data show the same trend. These differences, determined model independently with a typical accuracy of some 10/sup -3/ fm, decrease nearly linearly with increasing neutron number in the investigated region 28 < or = N < or = 40. These isotope shifts are nearly independentmore » of the proton configuration of the involved nuclei, hence, that the added neutrons interact primarily with the proton core rather than with the valence protons. A comparison of the experimental charge distribution differences with results of density dependent Hartree-Fock calculations indicates the importance of deformation changes. The core rearrangement due to added protons, deduced from the measured isotone charge distribution differences, and the core rearrangements due to added neutrons, directly measured by the isotope shifts, are similar. Core polarizations result in a smaller charge core radius.« less


Based on the actual case of the Tunnel No.6 for the South Main Route of the Phase Ⅰ of Wanjiazhai Yellow River Diversion Project in Shanxi Province,the characteristics of the karst development of the surrounding rock in the tunnel No.6 is described herein.The surrounding rock is a kind of carbonate rock,for which the characteristics,types and degree of the karst development are basically determined during the prophase investigation concerned.It shows that the tunnel is the most developed karst section within the whole diversion project,which is proved by the TBM construction made therein.After that this conclusion is also proved by the detections made by both the geological radar and drilling,and then a better basis is provide for the treatment on the karst.


This paper studies and describes communication between IoT cloud and IoT embedded system with STM32L475 microcontroller. Described are advantages and limitations of Private and Public IoT Cloud. It is used for experimennts MQTT protocol, Private IoT Cloud and Amazon FreeRTOS A JSON type data format is used between' the cloud structure and IoT device.. Architecture and software implementation of the experimental stage is also presented.


Based on three-dimensional (3-D) FE limit analyses, this paper provides plastic limit and TES(Twice-Elastic-Slope) loads for pipe bends under combined pressure and out-of-plane bending. The plastic limit loads are determined from FE limit analyses based on elastic?perfectly-plastic materials using the small geometry change option, and the FE limit analyses using the large geometry change option provide TES plastic loads. A wide range of parameters related to the bend geometry is considered. Based on the FE results, closed-form approximations of plastic limit and TES plastic load solutions for pipe bends under out-of-plane bending are proposed.


The present invention discloses a display control circuit, a display control method and a display apparatus, said circuit comprising a signal supply unit, the output signal of the image data; a timing control unit processing the image data signal driving circuit unit may identify a signal; storage means , the stored signals may be identified and transferred to the driving circuit unit; memory coupled to the sampling unit, the signal supplying unit, the image data collecting and storing signal; sampling comparing unit, a current frame signal and the sampled cell output signal storage unit supplied on a compare signal in the memory, and the control unit controls the timing in accordance with the comparison result to turn on or off, whether the control signal stored in the storage unit needs to be updated. In the present invention, the signal output from the signal supply unit unchanged, the timing control unit off part of a module, provides an image signal to be displayed to the driving circuit unit by the storage unit, to achieve part of the module work intermittently, the power consumption reducing circuit.


This paper illustrates how covering spaces of graphs may aid analyses of lattice walks. Elements involved in the presentation are trees in graphs, Euler numbers, free generators, group of covering transformations and actions, wedge of circles, and winding numbers, as connected by some standard theorems in algebraic topology. Also mentioned here are applications of lattice walk across many fields. Mathematics Subject Classification: 55S15, 06B30, 05C22, 05C21, 05C81


Since the advent of Six Sigma in 1980's, Six Sigma is widely used in various industry areas, such as manufacturing, financial, government, and service, and proves its innovation ability and value by providing lots of success stories. Several researches have been conducted to adopt Six Sigma for Software Development and Software Quality Assurance-Software Six Sigma. Although the wide use of Six Sigma, there is no software tool to support the execution of Six Sigma Project. For this reason, the Quantitative Six Sigma Project Management is required to support for measuring and analyzing Six Sigma Projects, storing and reporting the results from Six Sigma Projects, and managing Six Sigma Projects through the whole process of, DMAIC or DMADV. In this paper, we introduce the design and implementation of a Quantitative Six Sigma Project Management Framework and Tool. The execution of Six Sigma Project based on Six Sigma Project Management Tool benefits the quantification, the systematization, and the integration.


Using an ab initio plane-wave-pseudopotential code we study a variety of $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1$ and $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ reconstructions including adatom (A), dimer (D), and interstitial (I) models of Ge, Si, and diamond(113) surfaces. All reconstruction elements give rise to local minima on the total-energy surface. For Ge and Si, interstitial reconstructions are confirmed to be most favorable. Reconstructions without interstitials, even the oppositely puckered $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ AD model, do not open a surface-state gap. The semiconducting $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ ADI structure is the lowest one in energy for Si, since the occupied surface states appear below the valence-band maximum. The $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ AI surface with asymmetric pentamers is also semiconducting and, in the Ge case, it is even lower in energy. The $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1$ AD model is found to be the most stable (113) surface reconstruction for diamond, despite the vanishing gap. The measured structural data, the observed (in particular occupied) surface states, the scanning-tunneling microscopy images of Si and $\mathrm{Ge}(113)3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ and $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1$ surfaces, as well as the temperature-induced phase transitions can widely be explained using models with subsurface interstitial atoms and accounting for the mobility of such atoms.


Objective:To evaluate safety of colloidal solution of ST-NP(Schizonepetin-Nanoparticles) primarily.Methods:Determining the maximum daily dose of mice by tail vein injection erythrocytes of rat were used to make suspension for the haemolytic test.Results:The maximum daily dose of mice is 40mg/kg,40 times of clinical dose for adults.Hemolysis was not observed in 4 hours.Conclusion:It can be primarily concluded that the colloidal solution of ST-NP is safe and reliable.


Abstract Making sound is characteristic of agency in the natural world. It is curious therefore that having separated pitched sound from nature as much as possible—disciplined it into scales, temperaments, etc.—Western music has for centuries made extraordinary efforts to imitate natural sounds and processes with this un-natured sound. Whereas music often depicts nature, "music" has become abstract and transparent, and musical sounds themselves have become little more than acoustic tokens of objects related by structure. Any metaphorical connections with extra-musical sounds are suppressed in discourse about music because they constitute "effects." In this article, I interpret the first movement of George Crumb's Ancient Voices of Children (1970) as an expression of agency in the soundscape, considering vocal sounds, especially those attributed to crickets, as acts in a vocal ecology rather than imitation of natural sounds for programmatic purposes. My analysis invites us to hear this music—and music in general—as acoustic expression in a soundscape and therefore in ecological terms.


This paper provides the text of a lecture I presented at Doshisha University in Kyoto, Japan in June 2015 on patent remedies. In the lecture, I present a set of "best practices" intended to better align the enforcement of patent rights with what the theoretical and empirical analysis of these rights suggests would be optimal. Among the topics I touch upon are the conditions under which injunctions must or should be granted; the forms of monetary relief the should be available; the principles that should guide the calculation of monetary relief; and the circumstances, if any, under which should nations award enhanced damages, attorneys' fees, and interest. I argue that, at the end of the day, there will still be a good deal of healthy diversity among jurisdictions with regard to these issues. But if we can reach tentative agreement that certain practices are indefensible, or at least questionable, from an economic perspective — or even if we only can narrow the range of defensible options — we would have a set of global enforcement practices that might better serve the public interest.


ABSTRACT In 1966, the minimum school-leaving age in Poland was increased from 14 to 15 years. This was a result of extending primary school education from seven to eight years. As the education system at post-primary levels was not changed, all education tracks were thus extended by one year. Using the regression discontinuity design method and data from the Polish Labor Force Survey (2001–2005), I find that the reform, on average, had no impact on men's and women's hourly wage or employment rate. However, the reform had a negative impact on the hourly wage of individuals with primary education only.


Perineurial‐associated brown adipocyte‐like cells were rapidly generated during bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)‐induced sciatic nerve remodeling in the mouse. Two days after intramuscular injection of transduced mouse fibroblast cells expressing BMP2 into wild‐type mice, there was replication of beta‐3 adrenergic receptor+ (ADRB3+) cells within the sciatic nerve perineurium. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting and analysis of cells isolated from these nerves confirmed ADRB3+ cell expansion and their expression of the neural migration marker HNK1. Similar analysis performed 4 days after BMP2 delivery revealed a significant decrease in ADRB3+ cells from isolated sciatic nerves, with their concurrent appearance within the adjacent soft tissue, suggesting migration away from the nerve. These soft tissue‐derived cells also expressed the brown adipose marker uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Quantification of ADRB3‐specific RNA in total hind limb tissue revealed a 3‐fold increase 2 days after delivery of BMP2, followed by a 70‐fold increase in UCP1‐specific RNA after 3 days. Expression levels then rapidly returned to baseline by 4 days. Interestingly, these ADRB3+ UCP1+ cells also expressed the neural guidance factor reelin. Reelin+ cells demonstrated distinct patterns within the injected muscle, concentrated toward the area of BMP2 release. Blocking mast cell degranulation‐induced nerve remodeling resulted in the complete abrogation of UCP1‐specific RNA and protein expression within the hind limbs following BMP2 injection. The data collectively suggest that local BMP2 administration initiates a cascade of events leading to the expansion, migration, and differentiation of progenitors from the peripheral nerve perineurium to brown adipose‐like cells in the mouse, a necessary prerequisite for associated nerve remodeling.


Photograph of chairs around a table in a courtroom in the DeWitt County courthouse in Cuero, Texas. A judge's bench and a man are partially visible to the right.


Objective To study the clinicopathological characteristics of young women with breast cancer under the age of 35 and its relationship with prognosis. Methods Retrospective analysis of the 28 clinicopathological cases of young breast cancer patients who were treated in our hospital from Jan., 1998 to Dec., 2002, together with the patients who are of middle and elder age. Results The survival rate of young breast cancer patients is 39.9% in the following five years after treatment, compared with 73.0% of those in their middle and or older. These two groups had a significant difference (P0.05) in tumor size, stage, grade, lymph node metastasis, and the five-year survival rate. Conclusions Young breast cancer patients have a worse prognosis compared with the middle-aged and older ones.


Although sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) might impose an underlying health threat upon some pregnant women, the influence of SDB on the health status of most pregnant women is not discernible. In order to find out which pregnant women should be evaluated for clinically meaningful SDB during the second trimester, the present study aimed to determine which overnight oximetry findings significantly affect maternal resting cardiac autonomic modulations.


The results of hundreds of "routine" determinations of the blood-clotting time prior to tonsillectomy obtained by several investigators1have led to the joint conclusion that no coagulation test can act as an efficient diagnostic aid in the avoidance of postoperative hemorrhage. Numerous comments in the literature regarding the fallacies concerned with measurements of coagulation time have made operators skeptical of the value of preoperative tests on patients suspected of harboring a hemorrhagic tendency. This conclusion has led to a division of opinion, particularly among otolaryngologists, with regard to the use and interpretation of the coagulation test. A large group of operators place no confidence in the test and yet employ it not only as a means of reassuring the informed type of patient but in the mistaken notion that such a test is necessary as a refuge from any medicolegal problem that might arise from fatal postoperative hemorrhage. During the


The Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) is one of three focal plane instruments in the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF). IRAC is a four-channel camera that obtains simultaneous images at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8 microns. Two adjacent 5.12 X 5.12 arcmin fields of view in the SIRTF focal plane are viewed by the four channels in pairs (3.6 and 5.8 microns; 4.5 and 8 microns). All four detectors arrays in the camera are 256 X 256 pixels in size, with the two shorter wavelength channels using InSb and the two longer wavelength channels using Si:As IBC detectors. We describe here the results of the instrument functionality and calibration tests completed at Goddard Space Flight Center, and provide estimates of the in-flight sensitivity and performance of IRAC in SIRTF.


The development of hypersonic technology creates a new challenge for inertial navigation sensors, which are widely used in aviation navigation systems. Improving the accuracy of navigation equipment will reduce fuel consumption and reduce the impact of harmful emissions on the atmosphere. The operation of sensors that are part of navigation systems, such as gyroscopes, work in difficult conditions, which affects their accuracy. A float two-degree angular velocity sensor is considered. The reaction of a float two-stage angular velocity sensor to a simultaneous perturbation from the side of the hull - a kinematic perturbation - and penetrating acoustic radiation from the side of the rocket propulsion engines is determined. The article establishes when there is no penetrating acoustic effect, as well as the determining relationship between the steady angle of rotation of the float and a constant input value. The determination of the zero shift of the device, due only to the angular vibrations of the body and penetrating acoustic radiation, that is, in the absence of circulation on the trajectory, is analyzed. The response of a float gyroscope to the harmonic oscillations of the base is analyzed. The effect of zero shift of the device, caused only by angular vibrations of the launch vehicle body and penetrating acoustic radiation, is considered.


In 2006, Elkies presented an elliptic curve with 28 independent rational points. We prove that subject to GRH, this curve has Mordell-Weil rank equal to 28 and analytic rank at most 28. We prove similar results for a previously unpublished curve of Elkies having rank 27. We also prove that subject to GRH, certain specific elliptic curves have Mordell-Weil ranks 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24. This complements the work of Jonathan Bober, who proved this claim subject to both the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer rank conjecture and GRH. This gives some new evidence that the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer rank conjecture holds for elliptic curves over Q of very high rank. Our results about Mordell-Weil ranks are proven by computing the 2-ranks of class groups of cubic fields associated to these elliptic curves. As a consequence, we also succeed in proving that, subject to GRH, the class group of a particular cubic field has 2-rank equal to 22 and that the class group of a particular totally real cubic field has 2-rank equal to 20.


AIM
To detect whether CIITA-pI can drive reporter gene expression and its specific promoter activity in DCs.

METHODS
Luciferase reporter system was used to detect 112 bp CIITA-pI specific promoter activity in DCs.

RESULTS
CIITA-pI could drive expression of reporter gene in DCs but not in HEK 293 cells and its promoter activity increased with the maturation of DCs.

CONCLUSION
Our work provides a basis for further study of targeting DC gene therapy using CIITA-pI as DC-specific promoter.


Objective: To study the diagnosis and treatment of odontogenic jaw cysts.Methods: 46 cases of odontogenic jaw cysts were studied retrospectively in our hospital.Thirty-five patients were diagnosed by preoperative biopsy.Curettage was performed in 14 cases,marsupialization was used in 28 cases and resection in 4 cases. Results: All cases were cured and followed up for 1-5 years without complications and recurrence.Conclusion: The appropriate treatment of odontogenic jaw cysts can completely remove the lesion and preserve physiological function of these patients.


Introduction: Phospholipid asymmetry is well maintained in erythrocyte (RBC) membranes with phosphatidylserine (PS) exclusively present in the inner leaflet. Eryptosis, the suicidal death of erythrocytes, is characterized by cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing and cell membrane phospholipids scrambling with PS exposure at the cell surface. Erythrocytes exposing PS are recognized, bound, engulfed, and degraded by macrophages. Eryptosis thus fosters clearance of affected erythrocytes from circulating blood which may aggravate anemia in pathological conditions. Thalassemia patients are more sensitive to the eryptosis depletion and osmotic shock which may affect RBC membrane Phospholipid asymmetry.
Aim: We aimed in this work to determine the erythrocyte PS exposure in splenectomized and non splenectomized β-Thalassemia (β-TM) patients and correlate it with the clinical presentation and laboratory data.
Methods: RBCs were stained for annexin V (AV) to detect phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure in 46 β-TM patients (27 splenectomized and 19 non splenectomized) compared to 17 healthy subjects as a control group.
Results: We reported significant increase in erythrocyte PS exposure in β-TM patients compared to control group (p=0.0001). Erythrocyte PS exposure was significantly higher in splenectomized β-TM patients as compared with non splenectomized β-TM patients (p=0.001). No correlation was found between erythrocyte PS exposure and clinical or hematological data of β-TM patients but there was positive correlation between erythrocyte PS exposure and ferritin level in β-TM patients.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that β-TM patients have higher level of erythrocyte PS exposure and splenectomy was shown to aggravate erythrocyte PS exposure without aggravation of anemia.


A number of innovative practices have been suggested recently in an effort to meet the challenge posed by the large numbers of school children whose reading achievement is considerably below grade level. These include such plans as performance contracts by private industries; extensive use of volunteer tutors, teacher aides, and other paraprofessionals; Individually Prescribed Instruction; programmed materials; and various multi-media, including com puters. Many of these innovations have met with considerable degrees of success. However, the likelihood that the successful innovations, or any innovative practices at all, will be introduced into the majority of school systems in the next few years is very remote. It has been suggested that the period of time between the initiation of an educational innovation and its implementation on a wide scale in the mainstream of education is approximately fifty years. It is undisputed that some of the above-stated innovations are sound, and reading instruction and achievement would be improved if they were implemented. However, reading instruction in the classrooms and schools as they are presently constituted can and must be vastly strengthened immediately. The schools must strengthen their programs now while waiting for the imple mentation of innovations. Direction and implementation must come from within each school and especially from each teacher. Six keys to a successful reading program are behaviorally-stated objectives, diagnosis of each individual, variety of materials, struc tured, organized teaching of reading skills, meaningful rein forced procedures, and continuous evaluation based on objectives.


The invention relates to a combine-welding method of stainless steel welded parts, solves the problem that the root of stainless steel welds is difficult to form, reduces the occurrence chances of defects such as incomplete penetration and incomplete fusion, avoids the problem of back oxidization in using the argon tungsten-arc welding method, omits an argon-filled protection procedure for the inner walls of the welded parts, reduces welding cost and improves welding environment. The combine-welding method of stainless steel welded parts includes the steps of a, subjecting parts of two parts, to be welded, to groove preparation and pairing respectively, keeping the inner walls of the two welded parts to be flush during pairing, keeping grooves of the two welded parts to form a V-shaped opening with an included angle alpha, and keeping a 2-4mm clearance L between the bottoms of the grooves of the two welded parts; b, mounting a copper gasket at the clearance L between the bottoms of the grooves of the welded parts and tightly attaching the copper gasket to the inner walls of the two welded parts; c, welding the V-shaped opening to form a root bead; and d, removing the copper gasket and performing fill-welding on the root bead to form a capping bead.


The invention discloses a television system with a safety payment function. The television system comprises a television, a U shield, a remote control unit and a payment module. A television shopping program is displayed on the television. User account digital certificate information is stored in the U shield. The remote control unit is provided with a U shield interface. The payment module runs on the remote control unit, when the U shield is inserted into the U shield interface, the payment module sends a suspension instruction to the television, the television suspends the television shopping program on a current image according to the suspension instruction, the payment module reads the user account digital certificate information stored in the U shield, the user account digital certificate information is sent to a bank server for safety payment authentication, after authentication succeeds, a user is prompted to input the consumption sum displayed in the current image through the remote control unit, the user is prompted to input an article sale account displayed in the current image through the remote control unit, and then the consumption sum is paid out in the article sale account. Online shopping of the television shopping program is achieved through the television system.


The article analyses the economic ethics of Karl Homann in context with the Beck-Zabeck-dispute which seems to be resumed in the research community of vocational, business, and economic education (Berufs- und Wirtschaftspadagogik). The analysis of Homann's normative ethics with economic method leads to the result that the application of this ethics in the sense of a so called Betriebsmoral (particular business ethics) sensu Karl Beck should be refused as an ethic foundation of reflexive education. A normative ethic systematically and essentially based on selfish instrumental rationality contradicts the fundamental ideas of pedagogy based on the entity of the human being as a social and individual, mental and material being, following responsible autonomy, participation, and solidarity.


The relationship between IBM and CD Fulkes Middle School (CDFMS) began with Exploring Interests in Technology and Engineering (EX.I.T.E.) Camp in 2003.  CDFMS was one of the schools participating in the engineering camp sponsored by IBM, due to its diverse and low income population.  Through dedicated volunteer participation, the relationship with CDFMS grew and expanded to include other programs, such as National Engineers Week (now called Discover Engineering) and the LEGO Robolab Competition.  In addition to introducing CDFMS students and teachers to new programs and enhancing participation in some existing programs, through volunteer hours logged in IBM's On Demand Community database, technology grants made new equipment available to the school.  The equipment provided and the dedicated volunteer and teacher involvement have enabled sustained participation in programs that has impacted students, parents, and teachers in the community. EX.I.T.E. Camp is a global program that has been held by IBM in Austin for 10 years.  About 30 girls from local middle schools participate each summer in a week-long STEM camp that is run by volunteer IBM women who act as role models.  The camp exposes these 7 th and 8 th grade girls to different STEM activities and career possibilities, before they enter high school and choose a curriculum of study.   Enthusiastic teacher and IBM volunteer participation led to involvement in other programs with CDFMS as described in this showcase presentation.  Discover Engineering brought STEM activities to the larger student population.  With kits purchased with grant funds, teacher dedication, and continued IBM volunteer involvement, CDFMS has participated in the local FIRST LEGO League competition for the past two years.  Other programs introduced to students at CDFMS by IBM volunteers over the past 6 years will be shared.   Since 2003, IBM and CDFMS have sustained a relationship that has introduced many students to the opportunities available in STEM careers and encouraged students to consider pursuing STEM curriculums in high school and college.  This showcase will share the details of this successful interaction between IBM and CDFMS, including best practices and insights that other companies and schools can use to improve or start their own programs.


A procedure employing a conjugate of arginine-6-aminohexanoate-biotin-avidin-horseradishperoxidase (Arg-LC-biotin-avidin-HRP) to detect arginase or arginine-binding proteins on a poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) membrane is described. For development of the method, a commercial arginase was used as the model system. Steps for detection include subjecting the arginase to gel electrophoresis and electrotransferring to a PVDF membrane where the arginase was detected with Arg-LC-biotin-avidin-HRP and visualized as a colored band after incubation with a HRPsubstrate


The pore-forming bi-component leukotoxins from Staphylococcus aureus induce two independent cellular events 1) the formation of trans-membrane pores not permeable to divalent ions and 2) the opening of pre-existing Ca2+ channels in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). The influx of Ca2+ and Mn2+ (Mn2+ was used as a Ca2+ surrogate) in Fura2-loaded human PMNs was determined by spectrofluorometry techniques. The present study showed that, in the presence of extracellular Ca2+, the staphylococcal HlgA/HlgB γ-hemolysin induced a rapid Ca2+ release from internal Ca2+ stores before the onset of a Mn2+ (Ca2+) influx. The sustained increase of Ca2+ and Mn2+ influx was partially inhibited by the ionic blockers of Ca2+ Release-Activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, La3+ and Ni2+. Furthermore, the incubation of human PMNs with either TMB8 or thapsigargin did inhibit significantly the Ca2+ release mediated by leukotoxins simultanously to a clear decrease of Ca2+ and Mn2+ influx. The internal Ca2+ release induced by γ-hemolysin was also inhibited by PMNs pretreatment with a pertussis toxin, NaF, caffeine, ryanodine, cinnarizine and flunarizine and consequently, the Mn2+ (Ca2+) influx was significantly reduced. Moreover, different Ca2+ signaling pathways blockers such as U73122, staurosporine, thyrphostin A9 and okadaic acid were tested on the leukotoxins activity. Taken together, this work provided evidence that, in the presence of extracellular Ca2+, bi-component staphylococcal leukotoxins provoked in human PMNs after a specific binding to their membrane receptors, a rapid depletion of internal Ca2+ stores mediating a CRAC channels activation. This Ca2+-dependent mechanism seems likely to be associated to the heterotrimeric G-proteins activation. Interestingly, in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, the staphylococcal leukotoxins tested induced the opening of an important divalent ions (Ca2+, Mn2+, Ni2+) pathway not sensitive to CRAC channels blockers. Consequently, we strongly suggested that other types of Ca2+ channels might be involved in bi-component leukotoxins activity, including Ca2+ channels dependent on the protein kinase C activation.


Recent work on partisanship has highlighted the role of political parties in rendering democracy and justice widely accessible to citizens. In these recent works, a distinction is drawn between a contemporary conception of partisanship that focuses on fidelity to political parties and a classic conception that emphasises the importance of a civic ethos of active political engagement. I argue that these two conceptions of partisanship are not so disparate if we focus on the role of political parties in promoting civic commitment and contestation. More specifically, I show how a normative account of partisanship can contribute to a defence of a civic ethos of political commitment. I then argue that commitment leads to contestation among both partisans and non-partisans, and that polities lacking active contestation of political commitments are in one significant respect less well off than those societies where there is such contestation.


ABSTRACT Although the BBIN (Bangladesh-Bhutan-India-Nepal) sub-region shares identical socio-economic characteristics and secures considerable benefits from energy co-operation and power grid connectivity, it is still far behind to grasp its full potential. This paper reviews existing publications and papers from a viewpoint of resource distribution, energy supply, prospects, and policies related to power sector development and cross-border power trading with a detailed consideration of the spatial variation of the largest country, India. The member countries face similar energy problems and the challenge remains in overcoming growing energy demand by attaining emission reduction targets. Limited production but increasing use of imported fuel have also raised serious environmental and energy security concerns. The wide variation in the energy resource endowments among the countries, particularly with hydropower, coal, and natural gas presents both opportunity and challenge in sub-regional energy collaboration.


Monotonic estimation for the survival probability of a loan in a risk-rated portfolio is based on the observation arising, for example, from loan pricing that a loan with a lower credit risk rating is more likely to survive than a loan with a higher credit risk rating, given the same additional risk covariates. Two probit-type discrete-time hazard rate models that generate monotonic survival probabilities are proposed in this paper. The first model calculates the discrete-time hazard rate conditional on systematic risk factors. As for the Cox proportion hazard rate model, the model formulates the discrete-time hazard rate by including a baseline component. This baseline component can be estimated outside the model in the absence of model covariates using the long-run average discrete-time hazard rate. This results in a significant reduction in the number of parameters to be otherwise estimated inside the model. The second model is a general form model where loan level factors can be included. Parameter estimation algorithms are also proposed. The models and algorithms proposed in this paper can be used for loan pricing, stress testing, expected credit loss estimation, and modeling of the probability of default term structure.


The key aspects and features of the Bah Bolon Project, situated on the Bah Bolon River, Indonesia to irrigate 10000 hectares for double cropping rice as well as provide flood protection to 12000 hectares are discussed. The construction and calibration of the hydraulic and morphological computer models used in the design of the structures are highlighted.


In this chapter, the author bears witness to the life-changing effects of the self-liberating theory and practice of women of color feminism. By way of Alice Walker, she honors and describes the pedagogical approaches, as well as the spirituality, of four professors whose womanist attitudes—which were implied through their required reading assignments and classroom discussions—informed and liberated her personhood. Written in an epistolary style, her essay is a narration of her experiences in each of her professors' graduate studies classrooms. She also includes original poems inspired by both classroom readings and her professors' humanity in order to illustrate her transformation. Clearly, as she writes from a deeply heartfelt location, her "professors" of womanism made a life-changing impression on her.


Objective To explore clinical significance of chromosome abnomal karyotypes.Methods 1 595 patients with spontaneous abortion or fetal death,growth retardation or mental retardation,primary or secondary amenorrhea,micro-testis were examined for chromosome and G band karyotypes.Results 183 cases of chromosome abnormal karyotypes were detected.The total detectable rate was 11.47%.Of them,there were 55(30.03%) patients with chromosomal polymorphism.Among patients with cacoethic pregnancy and labor history,mental retardation and abnormality of sexual differentiation and development and infertility,the detectable rate of the chromosome abnormalities were 5.45%,42.98%,23.84% respectively.Of which,46,xx,inv(3)(p13;q29)and 46,xx(8;18)(q11;q21) were reported firstly in the world.Conclusion Thses results show that chromosome abnormal karyotypes in human are common and are important causes of growth retardation and mental retardation,abnomalities of sexual differentiation and development,infertility and cacoethic pregnancy and labor history.Routine chromosome examination can provide scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.


Revisions are made to the Preliminary Hazards Summary Report on the sections relating to technical summary, general description of the process, description of the plant, nuclear characteristics of the reactor, waste disposal, operation, and safety analysis. Information is presented to clarify specific points in the operating procedures and emergency plans. (W.D.M.)


64 AI MAGAZINE The first International Workshop on Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality for Human-Robot Interaction (VAM-HRI) was held in 2018 in conjunction with the 13th International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. This workshop brought together researchers from the fields of human-robot interaction (HRI), robotics, artificial intelligence, and virtual, augmented, and mixed reality to identify challenges and opportunities in mixed-reality interactions between humans and robots (Williams et al. 2018). Virtual, augmented, and mixed-reality technologies have been studied for many years in the broader human-computer interaction and computer graphics communities; however, there has been little prior integration with robotics. Recent industry developments are beginning to produce mature, con-


This paper reflects on arguments and positions put forth by Tamils in Sri Lanka, those in the diaspora and commentators in the 'international community' regarding the 2015 presidential elections in Sri Lanka. In particular it concerns the prospect of justice for those that suffered in the final stages of Sri Lanka's civil war which concluded in May 2009. It is a self-reflexive account of my activities as a writer in residence at the University of Peradeniya in the lead-up to the election and the implications of those events upon my return to Sydney.


DETERMINATION OF DESIGNER DRUGS IN SALIVA BY PAPER SPRAY MASS SPECTROMETRY. Determination of two drugs of abuse in saliva has been performed by Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (PSI-MS) using a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) coated paper as substrate. The method has been optimized for quantification of 3,4-methylenedioxyN-methylamphetamine (MDMA) and methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) from synthetic saliva samples. Rapid analysis (~ 1 min) of designer drugs in saliva is demonstrated using MIP-PSI-MS. Both precursor ions of MDMA and MDA were confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments by elucidating the fragmentation patterns formed via collisioninduced dissociation (CID). The MIP-PSI-MS method showed greater selectivity for MDMA and MDA in comparison with other analytes. Signal intensity ratios of the most important transitions for MDMA (194 → 163) and MDA (180 → 163) were found linear (R > 0,99) in the range 25-500 μg L. The LOD and LOQ for MDMA were 1.11 μg L and 18.73 μg L, respectively, and for MDA were 3.42 μg L and 21.66 μg L, respectively. The precision and accuracy values were determined below 4%, and the recoveries about 100%, without pre-concentration/enrichment or separation steps. The MIP-PSI-MS method displays the potential for rapid screening for selective quantitative determination of illicit drugs in saliva samples.


The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze: (1) Organizational Communication Climate (2) Work Motivation; (3) performance; and (4) the influence of organizational communication climate and work motivation on employee performance at PT Kalmar Jaya Bandung, either simultaneously or partially. The research method used in this research is a descriptive survey and an explanatory survey, the unit of analysis in this study is the staff at PT Kalmar Jaya Bandung with a sample of 30 people. The type of investigation is causality, and the time horizon in this study is cross-sectional. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the Organizational Communication Climate of the employees of PT Kalmar Jaya Bandung turned out to be giving good responses, the work motivation of the employees of PT Kalmar Jaya Bandung in general was good, the performance of employees of PT Kalmar Jaya Bandung was currently considered good. Organizational Communication Climate and Work Motivation simultaneously affect the performance of employees of PT Kalmar Jaya Bandung. However, partially, Organizational Communication Climate dominantly affects employee performance rather than work motivation. Because Organizational Communication Climate is more dominant in influencing performance, it becomes the first priority in improving employee performance. then employees of PT Kalmar Jaya Bandung are advised to consistently maintain the existing Organizational Communication Climate, so that they are able to work more professionally


The JERICO network is constantly working to improve its core functionality, which is the ability to provide comprehensive observations of Europe's coastal seas and oceans. This means integrating new, promising observing technologies that can expand its spatial reach. While building the JERICO-NEXT project, HF-radar systems and cabled coastal observatories were identified as particularly attractive choices from this point of view, and a distinct task, Task 2.3 in Work Package 2 (WP2), was designed to facilitate their assimilation into the network's established observing system. High Frequency radar (HF-radar) technology offers the means to gather information on surface currents and sea state over wide areas with relative ease in terms of technical effort, manpower and costs. There are twelve HF-radar sites, operated by five JERICO-NEXT partners, involved in Task 2.3. Together, they constitute 23.5% of the HF-radars currently operating in Europe. Cabled observatories, on the other hand, offer the attractive advantage of freeing marine observing activity from the merciless restrictions of limiting power and constrained bandwidth for communication and data transfer. Such observatories can therefore be used with a broad variety of sensors and systems, and allows measurements to be made even under extreme conditions (e.g., storm events, under ice, etc.). Six such observatories are being operated by JERICO-NEXT partners, all of whom are participating in Task 2.3.


The Close Cathode Chamber (CCC) is an asymmetric Multi-Wire P oportional Chamber (MWPC), which, owing to its specifically optimized field stru ct re, has key advantages relative to the classical MWPC design. The CCC contains alternating fi eld wires and anode (sense) wires, and the wire plane is asymmetric with respect to two parallel planes, being as close as 1.5mm typically to one of the planes for 2mm wire spacing. It is show n that this arrangement minimizes the dependence of the avalanche gain on detector wall planar ity, nd specifically, insensitivity to corresponding mechanical distortions or internal overp ressure (causing e.g. bulging). Such feature allows one to build CCC chambers with small overall m terial budget, avoiding also the thick frames typical for MWPC-s. Careful studies confirmed t hat signal formation and position resolution correspond to that in classical MWPC-s. The dead zones created by internal support structures have been evaluated. CCC detectors have found ap plication in a portable cosmic muon tracking system, proving their mechanical and operational stability under harsh and varying environmental conditions, and also in other hybrid detectors.


Mobile devices have become a commonly used device as information technology develops. Mobile devices are also equipped with sensors that can improve device functionality. In the field of education, it can be used as an alternative control method and provides accessibility for users when used in human computer interface solutions. With mobile devices which has internal inertial sensors like accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer, a head movement control method has been developed to determine the movements that can be used to navigate the application. This method changes the function of hand-based input into head-based. The combination of Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) with mobile devices, provide an innovation of new low cost of human-computer interaction. It can be used with six type of head poses movement; move to the left, move to the right, head looking down, head looking up, tilt head toward left shoulder, and tilt head toward right shoulder. In this study, we concern to design head poses movements that are appropriate to the process of answering the exams and testing the level of user usability. Usability testing is used by disabled people to answer the test, with the usability score is 81,75 from 100 and classified as "excellent" category


This study purposed to verify the effects of knee balance taping therapy on knee pain and knee range of motion in the elderly with knee pain. The Quasi-experimental design, nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest was used in this study. Data collected from December 5 to 10, 2014. The participants were older than 60 with knee pain visiting senior community centers. Non-medicated elastic tapes were applied around the knee in the experimental group(n=21) and were not applied in the control group(n=19). Knee pain and range of motion were measured 3 times (before, after 1 hour, after 24 hours). Data were analyzed using χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney test, t-test, Repeated measure ANOVA with the SPSS version 21.0 program. The experimental group showed significantly decreased knee pain (F=34.03, p<.001) and increase in knee range of motion (F=7.83, p=.006). The results of this study confirm that knee balance taping therapy is an effective intervention for reducing pain and improving range of motion in elderly with knee pain.


Aiming to improve the tracking and erosion resistance of the addition-cure liquid silicone rubber (LSR) without using alumina trihydrate, LSR samples with different mass fractions of fumed silica were prepared. The tracking and erosion resistance of all the samples was evaluated by the Inclined-Plane Test. The test results showed that increasing the mass fraction of fumed silica can improve the tracking and erosion resistance. The test results further showed that direct fluorination played a very important role in the improvement in tracking and erosion resistance, and the sample containing 18 phr fumed silica is able to meet the outdoor application requirements after the fluorination.


To prepare the next generation of academics is considered the primary function of doctoral education. This study attempts to identify the role of doctoral study on the path of academics. The data were collected by the in-depth interview of Ph.D. graduates who had achieved their doctor degree of education successfully at Palacký University Olomouc in the past decade. The life stories of seven interviewees were included in analyzing by coding process. Six categories were generalized under three themes based on the grounded theory.