Dr. Ghada Gad is an Assistant Professor in Construction Engineering She received her PhD in Civil Engineering (Construction emphasis), from Iowa State University. Her main areas of research is in construction management focusing on contracts, procurement, project delivery methods, estimating, and risk management, in addition to the cultural aspects of construction projects. She is also an ExCEED fellow; her teaching pedagogy focuses on adopting active learning techniques in her classes, to increase student attainment and motivation beyond the classroom. Cho, an assistant professor of Civil Engineering Department California Polytechnic I have had more than 18 years in both academia and Civil and Construction Industry. My specialty is the behavior of underground infrastructure, Trenchless and Tunneling Technology, as well as 3D Virtual Construction Design & Management. I am a reviewer or member of several professional organizations, such as ASCE, NASTT, and ASC. Project the Structural Engineering Department His research focuses on earthquake engineering, structural monitoring, and multi-physics analysis. As a Professional Engineer, he has been involved in the analysis, design, and testing of a number of civil engineering structures, including bridges, hospital facilities,recreational facilities, and shipping piers. He is member of the American Concrete Institue (ACI), the Structural Engineers Association of Southern California (SEAOSC), and the International Society for Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent In-frastructure (ISHMII). Ghada Gad Civil Engineering She her Civil Engineering (Construction Iowa State Her main areas of research is in construction management focusing on contracts, procurement, project delivery methods, estimating, and risk management, in addition to the cultural aspects of construction projects. her pedagogy focuses on adopting active learning techniques in her classes, to increase student attainment and motivation beyond the classroom. Abstract This paper presents a new educational model, developed in Cal Poly Pomona, in a senior project to provide students in Architecture, Civil, and Construction Engineering, a full-rounded professional experience, in line with contemporary trends of various disciplines' integration in the construction industry. The main objective of the proposed model was to foster the potential benefits that arises from shared educational goals between different technical areas. Through coordination with an existing Architectural class, the project involved students in Architecture, Civil Engineering, and Construction Engineering. The senior project mimics an Integrated Project Delivery process that simulates the complete development of a commercial building, from conceptual design to construction. Architecture students led the first phase of the conceptual design of the project, with Civil and Construction Engineering students setting constraints in term of structural efficiency, cost, and construction time. Engineering students then took the lead on developing the final design, and simulating construction by means of 4D (3D model + time) simulation software tools. Various assessment techniques, such as collaborative case studies, final project development, and perception surveys were used to assess the attainment of the model's educational objectives. Results of these assessment tools provides evidence that with such interdisciplinary experience, students develop an understanding of their roles, respective to other disciplines. It also fostered and enhanced communication among the three disciplines, allowing them to set common goals, and work collaboratively to achieve them.


Malaysia is one of the largest egg consumption countries in the world. Malaysians are consuming 20 million eggs everyday which averaging 320 eggs per person per year. The waste produced by the disposal of eggshell is tremendous, which is one of the problems faced by the industries. Therefore, waste disposal problem can be solved when eggshell is being recycled by incorporating eggshell into production of lightweight foamed concrete (LFC). This study is aimed to investigate the effect of eggshell powder on the engineering properties of lightweight foamed concrete with the density of 1300kg/m 3 with the tolerance of ±50 kg/m3 in terms of strength properties. Fresh density, flow table drop, average inverted slump diameter, stability and consistency of the concrete were determined during trial mixes. The optimal water to cement ratio was chosen based on the comparison of performance index between trial mix of control mix (LFC-CTR) and trial mix of lightweight foamed concrete with 10% replacement of cement as eggshell (LFC-ES10%). The optimum water to cement ratio was then used to study the development of engineering properties for 7, 28, 56, 90 and 180 days curing period between LFC-CTR and LFCES10%. All the specimens were water cured to the desired period prior for testing. The results from this study showed that by incorporating 10% eggshell powder as partial cement replacement materials had increased the compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strength as well as Poisson's ratio and compressive toughness.


Traffic and road transport has a strategic role in supporting development and national integration as part of efforts to promote the general welfare, as mandated in the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945, so it requires a synergistic relationship (synergistic relationship) between the implementation of UU No. 22 Tahun 2009 on Traffic and Transportation with economic development and regional development especially in Surakarta. The Government is obliged to keep the roads safe, orderly and smooth, so as to encourage development in areas of the economy and industry, particularly in the areas of production, consumption and distribution of goods or services, either within or between Surakarta, with the ex-residency of Surakarta, in order to achieve equitable development and its results, economic growth and balanced development of the region.


Method IEEE 841 is used to test endurance of insulation system of stators to 100% humidity at 40 °C for168 h. Insulation resistance after this test between phases or between phase and frame has not been lover as 5 × 10 6 Ohm. Some producers of motors use this method for determining quality of impregation resin. On such test insulation resistance between phases was lover as between phase and frame. Because between phases is only wire insulation an impregnating resin we observe influence of type of wires and impregnating resins on insulation resistance of insulation system after humidity test. With diagnostic of insulation, the state is dealt. We compare our impregnation resin with competitive impregnation resin. We made test on twisted coils prepared after STN IEC from two parallel wires. In this test, we succeed in demonstrating that the main influence on insulation resistance of insulation system wire and impregnation resin has insulation of wire. Impregnation resin has influenced on data dispersion.


Scholars have provided a large number of studies of de-phrases and de-clauses in Mandarin. However, there are still some types of de have not been fully discussed. My aim in the present research is to discover the special types of de morpheme as a complementizer. I will also focus on how to test the complementizer phrases (CPs) by means of the schema proposed by Cheng (1986), namely head-initial and head-final constructions. Although the present research does not include all types of construction with de, I find out that this scheme is suitable to analyze the aforementioned CPs after they are detected. Four types of CPs headed by de have been examined then and the analysis is proved to be on the right track. These types of CP in Mandarin Chinese are embedded relative clauses, noun clauses, adverb clauses and de-clauses in shi…de focus cleft construction.


This paper is part of a larger study devoted to Melville's apparent, interest in primitivism which can be read in Typee, Omoo and Moby Dick. Here, I have focused on some of the elements -which contribute to the intensity and originality of Melville's masterpiece and left out what concerns the conventional ideal of the Noble Savage. A close reading of the text shows that the exotic setting serves mostly as a covering which tends to distract the reader's attention from the phantasmal dimension of the book : the veiled but obsessive presence of cannibalism, the irrational fear of devouring jaws, which pervades the narrator's discourse. This cannibalism is analyzed not for its own sake, but because the regression it implies gives a clue to Ishmael's attraction to the sea and to Queequeg, and it helps account for the oppressive and disquieting coloring of the end of the story.


The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze through structural relationship analysis the relationship between excessive smartphone use by adolescents and school adaption. A questionnaire was administered to 866 elementary, middle and high school students who are using smartphones SEM was applied to the analysis with the following results. First, the relationship between excessive smartphone use and school adaptation was not significant. Second, the relationship between social support and excessive smartphone use had significant influence. Third, there is a significant influence in the relationship between self-control and excessive smartphone use. Fourth, social support and self-control of adolescents had a direct influence on school adaptation. Fifth, social support and self-control mediate the relationship between smartphone overuse and school adaptation. Therefore, increasing the adaptability of adolescents requires efforts to firm social support system by expanding autonomous sense or self-control personally and mutual support in the family.


Besides the torsion stress which can be calculated from twisting moment and cross section, other, secondary, stresses appear in volute springs; these are caused chiefly by the variation of twist from section to section or by bending of the spring. They may reach high values in the small-diameter coils. An approximation theory is given for the calculation of secondary stresses; strain-gage measurements and distortions of springs are shown. It is proposed to reduce the stresses on the smallest coils by three means, all of which would facilitate manufacture: (a) By increasing the inner diameter of the spring; (b) by supporting the ends more firmly with full-thickness stub tails; (c) by winding the straight blade on a slightly conical mandrel to produce a variable helix angle and more desirable stress distribution.


A novel and unusual approach based on a ClCF2COONa–DMF system has been developed for the synthesis of chlorohydrins via an unexpected mechanism. In a first ever report for the synthesis of chlorohydrins from glycidyl ethers, e.g., CH2=CH-CH2-O-Z, CH3CH2-O-Z, C6H5-O-Z, C6H4(o-CH3)-O-Z, CH2=C(CH3)C(=O)-O-Z, etc., (where Z = glycidyl), difluorocarbene-induced facile regioselective ring opening of epoxides has generated the compound in high yield (70%–83%). Key words: difluorocarbene, sodium chlorodifluoroacetate, chlorohydrins.


To integrate anion-π, cation-π and ionpair-π interactions in catalysis, the fundamental challenge is to run reactions reliably on aromatic surfaces. Addressing a specific question concerning enolate addition to nitroolefins, this study elaborates on Leonard turns to tackle this problem in a general manner. Increasingly refined turns are constructed to position malonate half thioesters as close as possible on π-acidic surfaces. The resulting preorganization of reactive intermediates is shown to support the disfavored addition to enolate acceptors to an absolutely unexpected extent. This decisive impact on anion-π catalysis increases with the rigidity of the turns. The new, rigidified Leonard turns are most effective with weak anion-π interactions, while stronger interactions do not require such ideal substrate positioning to operate well. The stunning simplicity of the motif and its surprisingly strong relevance for function promises general usefulness of the introduced approach. Rien ne sert de courir ; il faut partir à point. Le Lièvre et la Tortue en sont un témoignage. Thus begins Jean de La Fontaine (1621-1695 AD) to recount the ancient Greek fable from Aesop (620-560 BC). The result is known. In the context of chemical transformations, Aesop's fable perfectly describes the challenge to selectively catalyze a disfavored reaction. A most intriguing example for "tortoise-andhare" catalysis occurs at the beginning of the biosynthesis of most natural products and is repeated most impressively in the polyketide pathway. Malonyl-CoA, a malonic acid half thioester (MAHT), has evolved as the substrate of choice to accomplish the involved enolate chemistry under biological conditions. However, without enzymes under unoptimized conditions in solution, the addition of the conjugate bases of MAHTs such as 1a, i.e., the malonate half thioesters (MHTs), to enolate acceptors such as nitroolefin 2 to cleanly generate the relevant addition product 3a fails (Figure 1). Instead, decarboxylation is the favored reaction, leading to the less useful thioester 4a as the major product. Several elegant solutions have been developed to tame the capricious MHT anions, including bioinspired approaches to asymmetric enolate addition to various acceptors. Figure 1. a) Addition of MAHTs 1a (R = SPMP, PMP = p-methoxyphenyl) or β-keto acids 1b (R = Ph) to nitroolefins 2 (R = Ph), forming disfavored (d) addition products 3a/3b or the favored (f) decarboxylation products 4a/4b. b) The original m-phenyl turns place the enolate tautomer far from the π surface. c) "Top-down" addition of remote enolates (RI3) to nitroolefins on the π surface. d) Fixed (magenta) Leonard turns should place MHTs close to the π surface to influence the equilibrium between MHT tautomers. e) "Bottom-up" addition of enolates on the π surface (RI1) to nitroolefins far from the π surface. Complementary to the more common cation-π interactions on π-basic aromatic surfaces, anion-π interactions occur on πacidic surfaces. Their existence has been proposed by theoreticians a bit more than a decade ago and verified experimentally to occur in solid, solution and gas phase. Functional relevance of anion-π interactions has been demonstrated for self-assembly, transport and, most recently, also for catalysis. In this context, the selective acceleration of the disfavored addition of MAHT 1a to nitroolefins 2 has been realized in the presence of naphthalenediimides (NDIs). Their π-acidic surface has been introduced as ideal for differentiating between planar MHT tautomers with delocalized charges (as in reactive intermediate RI1, Figure 1d) and deplanarized tautomers with charges localized on the carboxylate (as in RI2). This discrimination was expected to differently influence the energy of the transition states leading to enolate addition and decarboxylation and thus to control the selectivity of the reaction. However, in our original design, the catalytic amine was positioned quite far from the π surface. Ion pairing to the conjugate ammonium cation should also remove the MHT anion from this surface (RI3, Figure 1b), enabling the nitroolefin acceptor 2 on the π surface to be approached by the MHT from above or "top-down" (transition state TS1, Figure 1c). This architecture should thus provide [a] Dr. Y. Cotelle, S. Benz, Dr. A.-J. Avestro, Dr. N. Sakai, Prof. S. Matile Department of Organic Chemistry National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Fax: (+) 41 22 379 3215 E-mail: email@example.com Homepage: www.unige.ch/sciences/chiorg/matile/ [b] These two authors contributed equally to this study. [c] Dr. A.-J. Avestro Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA [d] Current address: Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom [e] Prof. T. R. Ward Department of Chemistry, NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Supporting information for this article is given via a link at the end of the document. decarboxylation


The COVID-19 pandemic had a huge impact on the health of the population. The role of nutrition in the context of various infectious diseases has been widely discussed in the scientific literature. It was found that, during the pandemic, there were various changes in eating habits, highlighting the increase in vegetables, fruits, and other foods with higher nutritional value. In addition, studies suggest that nutritional status, the immune system and the presence or absence of comorbidities are factors that predispose to a greater or lesser risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nutritional risk has been involved with the severity of the patient with COVID-19. In this way, the nutritional factors that influence the immune system, added to the change in eating habits during the pandemic, would determine the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. According to the available evidence, recommendations regarding a healthy diet in susceptible people could reduce the impact of confinement.


In 1924, Levine and Blumgart suggested that the patient with severe cardiac disease might benefit from thyroid ablation (1, 2, 13). This approach was based on the clinical observation that cardiac symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism improved when the hyperthyroidism was corrected. It was also postulated that, since oxygen consumption is reduced in myxedema, the work of the heart is likewise reduced, with a resultant improvement in cardiac reserve. The earliest method of thyroid ablation in the euthyroid cardiac patient was total thyroidectomy (2, 6, 10, 14). Some success was obtained by this method, but it was abandoned because of the high mortality and morbidity, in addition to the fact that the patient most in need of the procedure had so little cardiac reserve that surgery was contraindicated. The next approach was the use of antithyroid drugs, such as thiouracil and thiourea (7, 11). Again, success was obtained in that cardiac symptoms improved, commensurate with a lowering of the basal metabolic...


High accuracy, high adaptability and low complexity have always been the goals of on-board state of health (SoH) estimation in a well-designed battery management system for electric vehicles. In this article, we proposed a practical SoH estimation method for LiFePO4 batteries based on Gaussian mixture regression (GMR) and incremental capacity (IC) analysis. According to the close correlation between the SoH and the IC curve of LiFePO4 battery, the peak coordinates of the curve are extracted as capacity feature to train an aging model using GMR. The capacity degradation of batteries is well described by multiple Gaussian distributions, and the estimation accuracy of SoH is improved. Furthermore, the coordinates of three peaks in the curve are separately analyzed as capacity feature to enhance the adaptability of the aging model to different charging regions. Finally, the complexity of the proposed method is compared with that of other methods. The results show that taking the coordinates of any peak as the capacity feature, SoH can be accurately estimated based on GMR even for different tested batteries, and the mean absolute error and root mean square error are both less than 1%.


An autonomous cw chemical HF—HBr laser emitting simultaneously at ≈2.7 μm (HF molecules) and ≈4.2 μm (HBr molecules) is studied numerically by using complete Navier—Stokes equations. It is shown that the output power of the HBr laser per unit area of the nozzle array can achieve ≈20 W cm-2 for the laser region length ≈20 cm. The relation between the radiation intensities emitted by HF and HBr molecules is controlled by diluting the secondary fuel by bromine.


Krishna, Vishnu and the "avatara" myth: the "avatara" drama -Krishna as actor and as role three versions of the "avatara" drama. Epic evaluations of Krishna: Krishna and Vishnu in the "Mahabharata" varying perspectives in the "Harivamsa". Krishna in the "Harivamsa": Vishnu disguised as a cow-herd Vishnu disguised by his weapons Krishna and Vishnu in the "Harivamsa". The all-pervading Vishnu: the ideal "purana"? Vishnu as the supreme reality the basic forms of Vishnu the forms of Vishnu manifest in the cosmos. Krishna in the "Vishnupurana": "Rupa" and "avatara" the paradox of the "Visnupurana's Krsnacarita" Krishna in the "Harivamsa" and the "Visnupurana". The bible of Krishnaism: the "Bhagvatapurana" in relation to the "Harivamsa" and the "Visnupurana" the Krishna-shaped cosmos. Krishna in the "Bhagvatapurana": retelling the old story new episodes in the "Bhagvata's" story of Krishna "Bhagvata 10" and the other Krishnacaritas. The lord's cosmic play: the "avatara" lists of the "Bhagvata's" story of Krishna the purpose of the "avataras". The supreme reality: Krishna or Vishnu? Krishna and Vishnu in three perspectives the lord of the "avataras" integrity and creativity.


[Objective]To understand the occupational health status of a chromate plant,and effectively control the occurrence of chromium rhinopathy induced by chromate hazards.[Methods]Chromate dust concentration in the plant was measured. After health detection on workers with exposure of chromium and its compounds (exposed group) and workers from other positions (control group),the incidence of chromium rhinopathy among workers in the 2 groups were compared.[Results]Chromate dust concentration was 0.054 mg/m3 in workshop,which exceeded the maximum allowable concentration ( 0.05 mg/m3) in workshop according to State regulations; health examination of workers in exposure group and control group showed the difference of chromium rhinopathy was significant(χ2=13.78,P0.01).[Conclusion]The major occupational hazard in the chromate plant was chromate dust. According to the status of inadequate dust-prevention facilities,it is necessary to intensify the occupational health inspection,to popularize knowledge of occupational disease prevention,to increase the awareness and self-protection of chromium rhinopathy among workers,so as to protect the health of workers.


As China embarks in a new wave of mass urbanization to promote economic development, further research is needed on what constitutes a successful migration from the subjective standpoint of the migrants, with special attention paid to an heretofore understudied group: women.


Introduction Post-operative physical therapy (PT) following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery is often performed to improve a patient's functional ability and reduce neck pain. However, current literature evaluating the benefits of post-operative PT using patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is limited and remains inconclusive. Here we compare post-operative improvement between patients who did and did not undergo formal PT after ACDF using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores. Methods A retrospective observational study examining patients who underwent one- or two-level primary ACDF or cervical disc replacement (CDR) at an academic orthopedic hospital and who had PROMIS scores recorded pre-operatively and through two-year follow-up. Patients were stratified according to whether or not they attended formal postoperative PT. PROMIS scores and patient demographics were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test, chi-square test of independence, and Student's t-test within and between cohorts. Results Two hundred and twenty patients were identified. Demographic differences between PT and no PT groups include age (PT 54.1 vs. no PT 49.5, p=0.005) and BMI (PT 28.1 vs. no PT 29.8, p=0.028). The only significant difference in post-operative PROMIS scores was in physical health scores at three months post-operatively (no PT 43.9 vs. PT 39.1, p=0.008). Physical health scores improved from baseline to one-year follow-up in both cohorts (PT +3.5, p=0.025; no PT +6.6, p=0.008). There were no significant differences when comparing improvements in physical health scores between groups at six months and one year. Conclusion In conclusion, there was no significance to support the benefits of post-operative PT as measured by PROMIS scores. No significant differences in PROMIS were observed between groups from pre-operative baseline scores to six-month and one-year follow-ups.


The following essay presents the author's thoughts regarding positive and negative family impacts of the process of including the adult with disabilities. It also discusses the significance and challenges faced by those teachers and schools in charge of special education based on the responsibility of establishing the most mechanisms possible to provide, along with their families, a free environment when it comes to decision making for the population with disabilities in regards to their job future and the special skills needed to provide a free independent lifestyle.  The essay focuses on a social model in an inclusive paradigm based on a human rights perspective. In accordance with Vargas (2012), it suggests a social model that highlights social barriers and their environment with a holistic view, which does not exclude individual intervention but emphasizes the inclusion of this population in a world which has been designed by and for people that do not experience any disability.  When shifting from the medical model to the social one, responsibility is also transferred to the social and political aspects, hence making the family a relevant pillar to be considered in different training and information environments in support of the adult with disabilities who needs and deserves the opportunity of having a job as a way to be autonomous and independent.


In this work, carrier aggregation in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based underwater acoustic cellular networks is proposed, and its achievable communication rate and energy efficiency are evaluated. This technique improves the total throughput of OFDM using an expanded bandwidth, where multiple carriers are aggregated for data transmission from one transmitter. In this paper, a study is presented for a practical communication system consisting of a surface buoy station mounting single transducer and an autonomous underwater vehicle also with single transducer. The results are evaluated in a simulation environment as well as by field experiments. The simulation is first performed on a wide bandwidth up to  ${\text{500}}\;{\text{kHz}}$, where the results indicate that carrier aggregation can greatly improve the achievable underwater communication rate for distances up to  ${\text{5}}\;{\text{km}}$. It is further found by simulation that the maximum bandwidth configuration does not achieve the optimal energy efficiency; instead, there is an optimal bandwidth that can lead to such optimal energy efficiency. Further measurement results obtained in sea trials with a specifically designed sounding sequence are then presented. The achievable rate and energy efficiency are evaluated by the field measurement data. The measurement results provide insights into the performance of the system under narrow bandwidth settings.


Hartree–Fock ab initio Raman spectra calculations and Raman spectroscopic measurements were carried out on amorphous selenium in order to identify the characteristic vibrational mode due to sigma bonds. Variations in measured peak intensity were observed as a consequence of band gap light illumination. Based on our previous theoretical investigations we originate these intensity variations from photoinduced covalent bond breaking.


Studies on natural language processing are mainly conducted in English, with very few exploring languages that are under-resourced, including the Dravidian languages. We present a novel work in detecting offensive language using a corpus collected from YouTube containing comments in Tamil. The study specifically aims to compare two machine learning approaches—namely, supervised and unsupervised—to detect offensive patterns in textual communications. In the first setup, offensive language detection models were developed using traditional machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, and AdaBoost, and assessed based on human labeling. Conversely, we used K-means (K = 2) to cluster the unlabeled data before training the same set of machine learning algorithms to detect offensive communications. Performance scores indicate unsupervised clustering to be more effective than human labeling with ensemble classifiers achieving an impressive accuracy of 99.70% and 99.87% respectively for balanced and imbalanced datasets, hence showing that the unsupervised approach can be used effectively to detect offensive language in low-resourced languages.


Abstract Quantum fields can be characterized by the set of transition amplitudes {〈0|π(A)|a〉V̶|a,〉∈V} where π(A) is a representation of the field operator algebra in V. This set has to satisfy renormalized energy equations and the elements of this set are called wavefunctions. However, these wavefunctions are not identical with wavefunctions of conventional quantum theory in Fockspace. Thus a theoretical interpretation is needed. In the present paper, by means of some theorems a method of normalization and construction of probability densities for these wavefunctions is given, which differs from the method of derivation of the normalization condition for Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes. The method can be applied both to nonrelativistic and relativistic fields with positive definite or indefinite state spaces, provided the renormalized energy equations possess finite solutions.


The development of many new and effective drugs, and the parallel approach of a dynamic "treat to target" strategy, have transformed outcomes for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Yet, despite these incredible advances, too many patients fail to achieve an adequate response. The current management approach is, for almost all patients, disappointingly uniform: try a drug and, if/when it fails to provide adequate response, try another. Drugs are chosen by protocol, by "gestalt", but all too often by trial and error. The "personalized medicine" revolution promised decades ago, and renewed with the announcement of each new biomarker, has yet to make a meaningful impact on routine practice. Patients and clinicians are increasingly aware of the need to induce and maintain remission, prevent irreversible damage, minimize adverse events, and reduce cost to the individual and society. To achieve this, the optimal drug must be delivered to the appropriate patient at the earliest time. Are we any closer to finding useful predictors of treatment response in RA?


In this research, effect of ZnO nano-particles on structure, mechanical and electrical properties of PZT ceramics was investigated. X-ray diffraction result suggested that tetragonality of PZT decreased with increasing ZnO content. Density tended to increase with an addition of ZnO while grain size of the ceramics decreased. An addition of ZnO increased hardness of the ceramics. Maximum hardness was achieved at an addition of 0.5 wt% ZnO. Within the PZT/ZnO ceramics, increasing content of ZnO gradually increased fracture toughness. Electrical properties characterization of the ceramics showed that an addition of ZnO reduced dielectric constant and slightly lowered Curie temperature. Ferroelectric measurement found that an addition of < 0.5 wt% ZnO did not significantly change ferroelectric properties. However, these properties were degraded at higher content of ZnO.


This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density on performance and egg qualities of laying hens in cages. A total of 360 Hy-Line Brown laying hens at the age of 47 weeks were divided into 3 treatments with 4 replicates of 30 birds per replicate and assigned to three stocking density treatments with 30 birds per cage with different size(0.038, 0.042 and 0.046㎡/bird). The birds were fed the same experimental diet ad libitum for 12 weeks. Egg production, egg weight, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency(feed/egg, FCE) were measured. Egg qualities were examined at 51, 55 and 59th weeks of age. Egg production of low density treatment(T3) was significantly higher than high density treatment(T1). No significant differences wer observed in Eggshell strength, Haugh unit and albumin height among the treatments. We conclude that moderate increment of stocking density did not result in reduction in laying performances in hens. However, it seemed that the higher stocking density might give more stress to hens. Increasing stocking density adversely affects growth, performances and egg qualities.


Boeing's current MCM-D process is based on polyimide dielectric and Cu interconnects passivated with thin film Ti. Materials and processes are being developed to integrate passive components (resistors, capacitors and inductors) into these MCM-D substrates in order to make further improvements in Boeing's electronics technology. By embedding passive components into MCMs, the size, weight, and cost of MCMs can be minimized while improving performance and reliability. This paper describes the development of low value TaN/sub x/ resistor elements suitable for integration into MCMs. The criteria for the resistor fabrication technology was that it be based on thin film processing for compatibility with the MCM-D fabrication process. Development of both the TaN/sub x/ thin film deposition process and the patterned resistor fabrication process are discussed. X-ray analysis of the TaN/sub x/ film, resistor trimming, environmental test results, and integration into an MCM structure are also described.


The effects of concentrate to roughage ratios on duration and frequencies of rumination and chewing in Hanwoo steers were determined. Five Hanwoo steers fitted with rumen fistula were used to evaluate the effects of concentrate to rice straw ratio on eating and ruminating behavior. Experimental diets were formulated with different concentrate to rice straw ratios(50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 90:10). When level of roughage feed was increased by 10, 20, 30, 40 to 50% of total dry matter of the diet, total chewing time was increased linearly from 286.99, 321.09, 390.29, 406.63 to 423.30 min/d, which was mainly due to increased ruminating time from 204.91 to 342.80 min/day. However, the level of roughage did not affect eating time. The number of chews per day for rumination and number of chews per rumination were significantly decreased(p<0.05) as roughage level was increased. In summary, the duration and frequencies of rumination in Hanwoo increased with increased rice straw level.


Adiponectin, an adipocytokine derived from adipose tissue, exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects on vascular cells. Although low plasma adiponectin levels are associated with the metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, it is unknown whether elevation of adiponectin levels protects against angiotensin II (AngII)-mediated vascular inflammation and accelerated atherosclerosis. Here, we tested the hypothesis that increasing plasma adiponectin levels provides therapeutic benefit by inhibiting vascular actions of AngII promoting vascular inflammation and accelerated atherosclerosis. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR-/-) mice fed high-fat and infused with Ang-II were injected adenovirus expressing GFP (Ad-GFP) or mouse adiponectin (Ad-APN). After 8 weeks, plasma adiponectin levels were 5-fold higher in Ad-APN than Ad-GFP. This was accompanied by significant elevation of plasma HDL in Ad-APN mice (24% elevation vs ad-GFP). Quantification of atherosclerosis revealed a significant inhibition of atherosclerosis in Ad-APN (45% reduction vs Ad-GFP). Gene expression analyses revealed that adiponectin substantially inhibited mRNA levels of inflammatory and atherogenic genes (CD68, ICAM-1, AT-1R, osteopontin, MCP-1 and CCR2, scavenger receptors, SRA-1 and CD36) in the aortic wall. Interestingly, adiponectin increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine, 1L-10 and the reverse cholesterol transport genes, ABCA1 and ABCG1 in the aortic wall. Furthermore, adiponectin increased hepatic ABCA1 and PPAR-alpha expression. These data strongly support the concept that increasing plasma adiponectin levels is an effective therapeutic strategy to inhibit AngII-mediated vascular inflammation and accelerated atherosclerosis.


The equivalent air altitude model, often employed in altitude medicine research and interventional settings, stipulates that different combinations of barometric pressure (PB) and O2 fraction that produce the same partial pressure of O2 (PO2 ) result in similar physiological responses (Conkin & Wessel, 2008). One could thus assume that normobaric hypoxia (NH) at the same PO2 might serve as a surrogate for hypobaric hypoxia (HH). However, an ever-growing body of evidence challenges this assumption by indicating numerous differences in physiological responses between NH and


In research efforts to account for the variance in parent-child interactions, two variables have been citel repeatedly for their explanatory cogency--nurturance and authority. This study was conducted to examine the relation of parents' Hostility (Ho) scores from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory based Cook and Madly Hostility Scale to older adolescents' phenomenological assessments of their parents' nurturance and authority and the relation of scores to the adolescents' self-esteem. College students (N=85) completed six questionnaires: a global self-esteem scale, a mother's nurturance scale, a father's nurturance scale, a mother's authority questionnaire, a father's authority questionnaire, and a demographic information sheet. Mothers and fathers of the students completed the Hostility Scale. Several inverse relationships 'fere found between Ho scores and adolescent self-esteem and adolescent perception of their parental nurturance and authority. The magnitude of these effects was consistently greater for fathers' Ho than for mothers' Ho, adding support to the hypothesis that the behavioral and emotional c'msequences of Ho are different for men and women. (NB) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ***************************************************k******************* Toxic Familial Effects of Parental Hostility John R. Burl and Ann M. Cooper University of St. Thomas -PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS LI a. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Eihicahonai ReataerCh and Imptovement MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY r-4 EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Lynda M. Richtsmeier ziohi) /7, go Shekelle, Gale, Ostfeld, & Paul, 1983; Williams, Haney, Lee, Kong, Blumenthal, & Whalen, 1980) as well as in general mortality rates among men (e.g., Barefoot et al., 1983; Barefoot, Pe\ Dodge, Peterson, Dahlstrom, & Williams, 1989; Shekelle et al., 1983). FurC\J thermore, high Ho men (when compared to low Ho men) have been found to display CZ) greater levels of anger, irritation, and cardiovascualr arousal when placed in cm? circumstances involving interpersonal confrontation (e.g., Hardy & Smith, 1988; Correspndence concerning this article should be sent to Dr. John R. Buri, Department of Psychology, Mail #4026, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN 55105. 2 BEST COPY AVAILABLE Toxic Parental Hostility


Objective
To investigate the effects of ginkgo biloba extracts (EGb761) on learning and memory and the protective effect on hippocampal neurons in rats with vascular dementia (VD).

Methods
Ninety rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, model group and EGb761-treated group, with 30 rats in each group. Rats in each group were examined at 15 days, 1 month and 2 months, with 10 rats in each time point. VD model was established by bilateral carotid artery occlusion combinding with injection of sodium nitroprusside. Morris water maze test was used to detect the learning and memory function of rats. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was observed by immunofluorescence. Western-blot was used to detect the protein expression of P-glycoprotein (P-GP), excitatory amino acid transporters 2(EAAT2), caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3.RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of P-GP and EAAT2 in the hippocampus of rats in each group.

Results
Compared with sham-operated group, the escape latency (EL) was significantly prolonged at each time point in model group (sham-operated group: 15 days(15.52±3.23)s, 1 month(14.21±2.62)s, 2 months(15.37±1.66)s; model group: 15 days(30.35±2.30)s, 1 month(40.78±3.55)s, 2 months(33.88±1.47)s; all P<0.01). The EL of EGb761-treated group was significantly shorter than that of the model group(EGb761-treated group: 15 days(25.69±2.44)s, 1 month(20.78±1.72)s, 2 months(18.23±1.67)s, all P<0.01). Immunofluorescence showed that the expression of GFAP in EGb761-treated group was lower than that of the model group (P<0.01). Western blot showed that cleaved caspase-3 protein expression in EGb761-treated group at each time point was significantly lower than that in the model group (P<0.01). Western-blot and RT-PCR results showed that the protein and mRNA expression of P-GP and EAAT2 in EGb761-treated group at 15 day and 1 month time points were significant increased than those in the model group (P<0.01). At 2 month time point, which were lower than those in the model group (P<0.01).

Conclusion
EGb761 can improve the learning and memory ability of VD rats, and regulate the protein and mRNA expression of P-GP and EAAT2 in hippocampus of VD rats at different time points (up-regulated in 1 month and down-regulated in 2 month), and down-regulate the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and GFAP at different time points, thereby delaying the brain damage of VD rats and protecting neurons.

Key words:
Ginkgo biloba extracts; Vascular dementia rats; P-glycoprotein; Excitatory amino acid transporters 2; Glial fibrillary acidic protein


Electrical machine being in continuous operation round the clock in industrial environment due to heavy production load, their health condition needs to be monitored as a measure of preventive maintenance. Condition based observing of machine to smart information system and thus utilizing the information created by machine to more readily use the machine lead to more generation. So to screen strength of the machine is fundamental now daily. There is a relentless call for lessening of operational and upkeep costs of induction motors (IMs) of machines. These expenses can be altogether decreased if the wellbeing of the system is observed routinely. This considers early recognition of the degeneration of the motor well being, easing a proactive reaction, limiting unscheduled personal time, and sudden breakdowns. The condition based checking has become a significant assignment for architects and analysts primarily in mechanical applications, for example, railroads, oil extricating plants, modern drives, horticulture, mining industry and so on. Inferable from the interest and impact of condition checking and shortcoming finding in IMs and remembering the essential for future research, cutting edge audit depicting different kind of induction motor(IM) deficiencies and their analytic plans are exhibited. A few checking systems accessible for shortcoming determination of induction motor (IM) have been recognized.


To cultivate creative talents with learning ability,research awareness and research capacity is a major direction and also an ultimate goal of teaching reform for English majors of Higher Education.Based on the theory of constructivism together with English Major ' Teaching Curriculum and the characteristics of Advanced English Course,the researcher firstly designs a research-oriented approach to Advanced English Course with multimedia aid,then puts it into practice,which achieves the expected teaching effectiveness.By the implementation of the research-oriented approach,this paper aims at pushing forward the English Majors ' teaching reform.


By testing two brushless DC motors, a slotless one and a slotted one who have the same outer shape and size, making some comparison and analysis, this paper provided a specific and actual example which may be useful for knowing the basic performance of slotless brushless DC motor. By testing and comparing thermal resistance of the soltless and stotted motors and from the fact that motor's temperature rise limits the output power finally. A result that slotless motor may have much output power than slotted one having the same outer shape and size can be obtained.


Objective To learn the epidemiological status o f the syphilis positi ve pregnant and parturient women in Longgang Central Hospital. [Methods ] All the data of the syphilis positive pregnant and parturient women patients were colle cted and analyzed. [Results] 212 cases were detected positive with syphilis virus with an age range of 19 to 39 (mainly between 25 and 35). They were mainly unem ployed and manual workers; their educational level was mainly primary and second ary school; most of them were floating populations; positive syphilis was detect ed in all pregnant periods. [Conclusion] Examination on pregna nt women for syphi lis detection is significant; effective measures should be taken to prevent and control the syphilis infection between mothers and infants.


Emerging scientific evidence suggests that the supplementation of probiotics may help to reduce/manage blood cholesterol levels in humans. We evaluated the in vitro cholesterol-lowering activity of the probiotic strain Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856. This probiotic de-conjugated bile salts and liberated deoxycholic acid, confirming its bile salt hydrolase activity. Furthermore, B. coagulans MTCC 5856 also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced cholesterol levels in culture media under growing (48.42%), resting (live but suspended in buffer, 36.47%) and even heat-killed (dead, 8.5%) conditions. Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 significantly reduced the cholesterol levels in cholesterol-rich foods, such as egg yolk (39.79%), chicken liver (45.44%) and butter (49.51%), when incubated for 24 h in conditions mimicking the in vivo environment. Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 also produced significant (P < 0.05) amounts of propionic acid and butyric acid while fermenting cholesterol-rich foods. The multitudinous ways by which B. coagulans MTCC 5856 reduces cholesterol levels endorses its application in functional food formulations and as a dietary ingredient for the management of hypercholesterolemia, potentially reducing the incidence of coronary heart disease and other related disabilities.


Knowledge and proper control of moisture in cotton lint is crucial to optimal operation of cotton gins. Currently
available portable meters have a standard error of 0.5 to 1.0 percentage point, which is not as accurate as desired. A battery
powered, portable, resistance-based cotton lint moisture meter was designed and two units constructed using a sensing grid,
which has been used in non-portable applications in gins. The entire weight of the meter, 5.8 kg (12.8 lb), consistently pressed
the electrodes against the sample. The meters used a toggle switch for commands from the operator and displayed results on
a liquid crystal display. The meter readings of well conditioned lint compared to the oven-based moisture content were used
in calibration. A separate data set was used to verify the calibration and the standard error was found to be 0.26 percentage
point for both units over the 4.3% to 10.2% range.


Backgrounds Bile acid (BA) plays a crucial role in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, no clinical evidence supports BA's potential role in patients with PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). Objectives This study aimed at investigating the differential BA profile between patients with PD-MCI and those with normal cognitive function (PD-NC). Methods Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS was applied for BA quantitation. After between-group differences of the BA profile were addressed, orthogonal projections to latent structures—discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) were implemented for further verification. Results Lower levels of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), cholic acid (CA), and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) were significantly associated with PD-MCI (p < 0.01 for both; VIP ≈ 2.67, 1.66, and 1.26, respectively). AUC-ROC were 78.1, 74.2, and 74.5% for CDCA, CA, and UDCA, respectively. Conclusion CA, CDCA, and UDCA might be distinct BA signatures for patients with PD-MCI.


A small subset of young stellar objects (YSOs) exhibit "see-saw" temporal variations in their mid-infrared SED; as the flux short-ward of a fulcrum wavelength (λf) increases the flux long-wards of this wavelength decreases (and vice-versa) over timescales of weeks to years. While previous studies have shown that an opaque, axisymmetric occulter of variable height can cause this behaviour in the SED of these objects, the conditions under which a single λf occurs have not previously been determined, nor the factors determining its value. Using radiative transfer modelling, we conduct a parametric study of the exemplar of this class, LRLL 31 to explore this phenomenon, and confirm that the cause of this flux variation is likely due to the change in height of the optically thick inner rim of the accretion disc at the dust sublimation radius, or some other phenomenon which results in a similar appearance. We also determine that a fulcrum wavelength only occurs for high inclinations, where the line of sight intersects the accretion disc. Accepting that the disc of LRLL 31 is highly inclined, the inner rim radius, radial and vertical density profiles are independently varied to gauge what effect this had on λf and its position relative to the silicate feature near $10 \rm {\mu m}$. While λf is a function of each of these parameters, it is found to be most strongly dependent on the vertical density exponent β. All other factors being held constant, only for flatter discs (β < 1.2) did we find a λf beyond the silicate feature.


Two patients with unilateral abducens palsy used their paretic-but visually superior-eye for fixation. In these patients, adaptive changes of saccadic amplitude and of the relation between phasic and tonic components of saccades were found. These changes led to a reduction of foveation time.


This paper presents a new dynamically adaptable polling scheme for efficient support of voice communications over different IEEE802.11 networks. The proposed polling scheme is simple to implement and does not require any modification on the existing access protocol. The analytical approach that models the proposed polling scheme, uses a discrete-time Markov chain and proves that the specific polling scheme, when silence detection is used at the wireless terminals, improves the capability of IEEE802.11wireless LANs for handling voice traffic efficiently.


The usual business was conducted at the Anniversary meeting, including the election of new Fellows and the presentation of a list of deceased Fellows. Other reports presented included: A report on the number of Fellows on the Society's Roll Brief obituaries for some of the Fellows who died in the previous year, including two who died while serving in the First World WarAn obituary for Dr Joseph AndersonA report on the progress of the Society's forthcoming publicationsA report on the items added to the Society's museum and library collections over the previous sessionA note on the Rhind Lectureship from the previous sessionThe Treasurer presented the Annual Report on the Society's finances

Meeting notes for 11 December, 1916 are appended.


search into a little known, little examined colonial situation. In conclusion, the authors provide a handful of examples of the pervasive colonial process at work. Researchers would do well to explore more comparative approaches, given that this volume provides a glimpse of the wealth of archaeologically recovered information available for cultures living under colonial conditions during different time periods and over the entire planet. While these papers advocate increasing interest in this subject, they are too short and cover too wide a range to be of more than passing interest. Given the poor quality of the production (numerous typographical errors, poor binding, inexpensive paper) and a superficial treatment of obviously rich archaeological data, it is difficult to recommend this publication. To substantiate the authors' call for increased interest in this subject, a more carefully edited and produced volume would be welcome.


A system of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be used to provide uninterrupted service to customers by handing the mission from a weary UAV to a fresh one in an automated manner. Toward such a system, we discuss the development of two components: ROS GPS waypoint tracking package and centralized task allocation network system (CTANS). The ROS GPS waypoint tracking package is the first open source software developed for the AR Drone 2.0 UAV that enables integration with a larger system. CTANS connects the UAV host computers to a central computer, receives the UAV status information and distributes GPS flight directives. CTANS is responsible for distributing the commands to the UAVs to ensure mission handoffs are conducted as required. This multi-UAV control software testbed was used to implement a small scale, outdoor, persistent, GPS based patrol mission with two UAVs.


Summary. This study examines the provenance of rock types used in the construction of Middle Neolithic passage grave stones on the islands of Guernsey and Jersey, focusing on the social dimensions of stone selection. The use of stones in passage grave construction includes both local and non-local rock types, which at some sites are organized in distinctive patterns. It is argued that the choice of stones was bound by concepts of identity, and that the communities which gathered to build these monuments may have used specific rock types to represent their community and their local mythologies. The relationship between identity and stone selection is supported both by analogy and by research into the role of landmarks in the development of local landscapes and ideology. The success of megalith provenance studies on Guernsey and Jersey suggests considerable potential for future research in other geologically diverse regions.


MS Vat. Gr. 915 (bombyc., ca. 266 × 170 mm, 258 fols.) is a most interesting collection of archaic, classical, and Hellenistic Greek poetry (from Homer and Hesiod to Pindar, from Theocritus and Lycophron down to Moschus and Musaeus) put together during the early Palaeologan Renaissance, more exactly between the last years of the thirteenth century and 1311 (the terminus ante quem is provided by the subscription on fol. 258v). The contents of this codex as well as the textual facies of several of its items have led various scholars, each from a different perspective, to conclude that it was produced in the circle of Maximus Pianudes, the most outstanding Greek scholar of his age (of which he is also in a sense the "eponymous hero"); more on this will be said below in §3.


In this investigation, bulk ultra-fine grained and nanocrystalline Al-2 wt.% Fe alloy was produced by mechanical alloying (MA). The powder was mechanically milled in an attritor for 3 hours and yielded an average crystal size of ~63 nm. The consolidation and sintering was performed using a high frequency induction sintering (HFIS) machine at a constant pressure of 50 MPa. The prepared bulk samples were subjected to uniaxial compressive loading over wide range of strain rates for large deformation. To evaluate the effect of sintering conditions and testing temperature on the strain rate sensitivity, strain rate jump experiments were performed at high temperature. The strain rate sensitivity of the processed alloy increased with an increase in temperature. The density of the bulk samples were found to be between 95 to 97%. The average Vickers micro hardness was found to be 132 Hv0.1.


[1] Discrete scarps that are created or reactivated during large earthquakes are a locus of concentrated hazard. A number of the coseismic scarps activated in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake are actually fold scarps, which display several types of ground deformation characterized by localized folding and are distinct from classic fault scarps, which form by a fault cutting the surface. This paper documents and analyzes fold scarps that formed or reactivated in the 1999 Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake. Our results show the Chi-Chi fold scarps can be generally divided into two types: (1) those associated with folding ahead of the tip of a blind thrust fault at shallow depths and (2) those associated with folding by kink band migration above fault bends at substantial depths ranging from ∼0.8 to 5 km). The previously published trishear model can be applied to model the former type, while a new curved hinge kink band migration model is provided to describe the behavior of the latter type. A key feature of fold scarps of the second type is that hinge zones are typically wide (25–100 m) relative to the displacement in a single earthquake (1–10 m), which exerts a significant control on fold scarp morphology and evolution. Because the coseismic strains of both types of fold scarps display relatively wide deformation zones (10–100 m) relative to fault scarps, wider set-back zones might be appropriate from a public policy point of view to alleviate the risk to structural damage and collapse resulting from permanent ground deformation.


The advancement of sensing technology enables efficient data collection from manufacturing systems for monitoring and control. Furthermore, with the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and information technologies, more and more manufacturing systems become cyber-enabled, facilitating real-time data sharing and information exchange, which significantly improves the flexibility and efficiency of manufacturing systems. However, the cyber-enabled environment may pose the collected sensor data under high risks of cyber-physical attacks during the data and information sharing. Specifically, cyber-physical attacks could target the manufacturing process and/or the data transmission process to maliciously tamper the sensor data, resulting in false alarms or failures in anomaly detection in monitoring. In addition, the cyber-physical attacks may also enable illegal data access without authorization and cause the leakage of key product/process information. Therefore, it becomes critical to develop an effective approach to protect data from these attacks so that the cyber-physical security of the manufacturing systems could be assured in the cyber-enabled environment. To achieve this goal, this paper proposes an integrative blockchain-enabled data protection method by leveraging camouflaged asymmetry encryption. A real-world case study that protects cyber-physical security of collected sensor data in additive manufacturing is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that malicious tampering could be detected in a relatively short time (less than 0.05ms) and the risk of unauthorized data access is significantly reduced as well.


In view of the lack dynamicity in a traditional fixed sensor system, an algorithm of tracking multiple maneuvering targets in a dynamic sensor system is proposed in this paper. The algorithm combines coordinate conversion logics and a multiple sensor data fusion for it to work in the dynamic sensor system. With the developed algorithm, the sensors can be installed in various tracking systems which will improve the tracking accuracy and reliability of radar surveillance. Moreover, in order to solve the data association and target maneuvering situations, an adaptive approach including data association technique and a maneuvering compensator is applied to solve both data association and target maneuvering problems simultaneously. According to the simulation results, we convince that the proposed approach in this paper, can track multiple targets in a dynamic sensor system.


The safety and health reporting system SAFENET has been in existence for five years. Close call reporting systems enjoy widespread use in high risk organizations throughout the world, and are studied closely in the academic community. SAFENET has now collected Wildland fire safety data for five years, which is published on a yearly basis in the SAFENET year end reports. Data referenced includes information such as number of reports received, reports by agency, and contributing factors identified in the reports. In the past five years SAFENET has enjoyed some notable successes, however there remain problems, and perceived problems, that continue to trouble the systems prospects for continued long term success.


The Ministerial Roundtable Breakfasts were sponsored by United Nations agencies as part of the ECOSOS High-level Segment from 29 June - 2 July 2010. The breakfasts provided an informal forum for key stakeholders to mobilize and discuss this year's theme of the Annual Ministerial Review on gender equality and the empowerment of women.


The membrane structure provides high satisfaction with lightweight, improved workability, reduced cost, and a free shape. Thus, its applications expanding. On the other hand, in an architectural membrane that is vulnerable to fire, the development of various architectural membranes with flame resistance is in demand. Therefore, this study applied basalt woven fabric safety for flame resistance, excellent heat insulation and thermal properties on an architectural membrane. The PTFEcoated basalt woven fabric membrane was compared with a PTFE coated glass fiber membrane by DSC/TGA, strength properties, flammability, and incombustibility properties. In addition, this study confirmed the membrane applicability of basalt woven fabric and basalt-glass hybrid woven fabric through a comparison with existing architectural membranes.


Aiming at the questions of the hot-in-place recycling roadmix in use, the paper analyzes thestructure and working principle of the spray control system. Combining characteratics and usage need of theequipment oneself, puts forward the new design method. After the design, the install, debugging, demarcates with work and so on are presented. The efficient control and construction quality obtained.


At a press conference on December 29,2014,Wang Jinzhen,general representative for the China Pavilion at World Expo 2015&vice president of CCPIT said,"This is the first time that China will open a national pavilion at an overseas expo.During Milan Expo 2015,the China Pavilion will hold hundreds of activities and act as a platform for further promoting cooperation between China and Italy in a variety of fields such as agriculture,travel,culture,and finance."


The ionisation potential of a solid, gas or liquids plays a crucial role in a range of physical phenomena and applications. In radiation physics, one of the most important quantities of this type is the energy required to create ionisation in air. This quantity, referred to as Wair, can be used to relate the electrical signal measured with an ionisation chamber (a high-accuracy instrument similar to a Geiger counter) to absorbed dose, which is the real quantity of interest in radiation therapy and radiation protection. Wair is considered to be energy independent above 10 keV, with a recently-recommended value of 33.97 ± 0.12 eV. However, an extreme interpretation of the available data would allow a variation of up to 2% in the clinical energy range, significantly larger than stated uncertainty. Any variation in Wair impacts the accuracy of radiation therapy treatment deliveries and therefore deserves further investigation. To address this, a graphite ionization chamber and calorimeter were irradiated with high energy electron beams to yield a value for Wair. Fourteen different configurations were used (varying incident radiation energy, material thickness, and irradiation time) to investigate a number of influence factors and test the robustness of the detectors used, with particular focus on the calorimeter response and analysis algorithm. Results show an average value 0.56 % lower than the consensus value, which is less than the worst-case analysis of literature data, but still not insignificant. The results to date indicate that the feasibility of the method but further work is required to reduce the uncertainties in the experiment, with particular focus on the evaluations of the specific heat capacity of the graphite used for the calorimeter and the mass of the air cavity in the ionization chamber.


Rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy has been widely ascribed to impingement of the supraspinatus tendon (SsT) in the subacromial space, measured as the acromiohumeral distance (AHD). Ultrasound (US) is suitable for measuring AHD and SsT thickness, but few reliability studies have been carried out in symptomatic populations, and interrater reliability is unconfirmed. This study aimed to examine the intrarater and interrater reliability of US measurements of AHD and SsT thickness in asymptomatic control subjects and patients with RC tendinopathy.


Abstract The study aimed to investigate how the solvent extract of Buchholzia coriacea (BCE), a widely known hypolipidemic agent, could contribute to hyperlipidemia treatment and identify the potential bioactive compounds. We studied Wistar albino rats, dividing them into seven groups: the normal control, normal rats treated with 400 mg/kg.b.wt of BCE (NRG group), the hyperlipidemic control (HPC group), hyperlipidemic rats treated with atorvastatin, a standard control drug (SC group), as well as 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg.b.wt of BCE extract respectively (T1, T2, T3 groups). The potential compounds that functioned in BCE extract were analyzed by in silico binding to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FASN). The binding affinities and drug-like properties of the compounds were determined using virtual screening and absorption distribution metabolism excretion and toxicity prediction analysis. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, and 44 chemical compounds in the leaf extract of BCE. BCE significantly reduced the levels of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, atherogenic coefficient, atherogenic index, and coronary risk index, while enhancing the levels of high-density lipoprotein and cardioprotective index in comparison to the HPC group. The BCE reduced malondialdehyde quantities, which exhibit high levels in HPC. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities as well as glutathione levels, which are otherwise reduced in HPC, were increased upon the BCE treatment. Among the identified BCE compounds, lupenone and 2,7-dimethylnaphthalene exhibited the highest binding affinities to ACC and FASN, suggesting that these two compounds might be the bioactive BCE components displaying hypolipidemic properties. BCE is found to be beneficial in blocking hyperlipidemia through the modulation of lipid profile, the protection of cardiovascular function, as well as the suppression of oxidative stress. BCE may be a natural source for exploring novel drugs for the treatment of dyslipidemia.


Because the assumptions of general equilibrium (GE) are too strict,GE couldn't reflect the actual market situation.The fractal equilibrium (FE) model is established via fractal dimension in this paper.The multilateral trade and the arbitrage in market can be allowed in FE.Therefore,FE description is closer to real economic situation than GE.Through comparing and analyzing the difference and relationship between FE and GE,the conclusion that GE was a special case of FE is drawn and the welfare economic theorem under FE is deduced.


Moisture sensitivity level (MSL) is used to classify the capability of surface mount device (SMD) packages against moisture penetration when exposed to environment, and it is quite important for SMD. Compared to conventional through-hole (TH) which typically use wave soldering process for board mounting, the SMD packages are mounted on board by reflow soldering process at a temperature of $260^{\circ}\text{C}$, the moisture content of the SMD packages can lead to delamination risk by popcorn effect, it must be well controlled in order to prevent the delamination during reflow process.The MSL is ranked from level 1 to level 6, package achieves the most robust level MSLI can be interpreted as not sensitive to the moisture, the floor life is unlimited under typical room temperature and humidity, also do not need dry packing as special control. Typically, automotive products require at least MSL3 and most of them require MSLI, zero delamination after MSLI is being established as a solid requirement by the big players of semiconductor customers.The delamination in the interface between epoxy molding compound (EMC) and leadframe (LF) is well known and with quite mature solutions to achieve zero delamination at 0-hr and after MSLI. In previous study [1], a unique MSLI delamination symptom in the area around DA fillet was reviewed and discussed, root cause was identified as the outgas and resin bleed of the die attach material, die attach process optimization, i.e., increasing the die attach curing temperature was proposed and proven as an effective solution to eliminate such a delamination. Meanwhile, higher up the curing temperature will also bring the risk of LF surface oxidation and degradation. In this study, the die attach material optimization and formulation adjustment are proposed, which can solve the issue without changing the die attach curing temperature. The key components of the material are adjusted to another form, with the material manufacturing process optimization as well to increase the homogeneity of the material, it enables the even curing of the die attach system. To avoid potential side effects and negative impacts to the released system, material characterization is used to determine the differences between the optimized and original version and conclude that the output characteristics of both versions are identical. The material optimization is validated by assembled packages subjects to MSLI with 3 times reflow at $260^{\circ}\text{C}$, delamination levels are determined by C-Mode Scanning Acoustic Microscope (C-SAM) to assess the package integrity after MSLI. Its workability is also proven by typical visual inspection like x-ray, bond line thickness, and (BLT) measurement. Finally, a die attach material optimization can be adopted to enhance the SMD package integrity after MSLI, at the same time without the side effects to manufacturing process and workability.


(Parnas, 1986)have emphasised the genetic risk of schizophrenia, and have been concerned with predictors in the child for subsequent schizo phrenia, for example, IQ, physiological measures, personality traits and perinatal trauma. Researchobserving environmental factorswithin families where one member suffers from schizo phrenia has focused on relationships exhibiting 'high expressed emotion' and hours of daily contact


In the last few years, there have been many publications doubting the quality and availability of airway management training in the United Kingdom (UK). Airway Training Workshops (ATWs) are among the many educational tools devised to ensure good quality airway management training. We conducted this survey to determine the availability and setup of the ATW in UK, and to enquire from respondents whether guidance and regulations from the Royal College of Anaesthetists (RCA) or the Difficult Airway Society (DAS) are required.A structured questionnaire was sent by post to the college tutors of all the 273 anaesthetic departments in the UK. All data was collated on to a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and then subsequently analysed. 219 replies were received giving a response rate of 80%. This survey found that the ATWs in the UK follow no standardised national learning objectives, are limited in number and diverse in content and set up. In agreement with the majority of respondents, we suggest that regulatory bodies and societies like the RCA and the DAS could provide guidance on the learning objectives and set up of airway training workshops.


The graduates often have trouble in looking for job s because the imbalance structure of people training and the games that are not co ordinate between the graduates and the employers under asymmetric information.Th e thesis analyses the difficulties with which the graduates in institutions meet when they look for jobs with the two theory,and explicate the countermeasures a bout how to obviate the drop of rate of employment of the graduates in instituti ons under asymmetric information.


This work is about internal processes of Ceska posta, s.p. between mailing and delivery of packet consignment. Next part is targeted on actual systems which are used in logistic of the company for packet consignment processing, pointing certain areas and improvement proposal in the final part of the work.


The utility model discloses a battery waterproof structure and a portable mobile terminal, which belongs to the machinery technical field and resolves the technical problems that existing battery waterproof structures are not attractive enough in appearance and unable in adjustment of waterproof performance. The battery waterproof structure comprises a locking groove, screw holes, an elastic pad and a fixing part, wherein the locking groove and the screw holes are disposed on a casing around a battery box, the elastic pad is imbedded into the locking groove, the fixing part is provided with installation holes, and the fixing part abuts onto the elastic pad. In addition, screws passing through the installation holes and the screw holes are used for fixing the fixing part onto the elastic pad, and a battery cover in plug-in connection with the casing is capable of covering the battery box, the fixing part and the screws. Moreover, the portable mobile terminal comprises a casing, a battery box disposed on the casing and a battery cover in plug-in connection with the casing, and the battery waterproof structure is disposed on the casing around the battery box and the battery cover. The battery waterproof structure and the portable mobile terminal are applied for improving the battery waterproof structure.


A single-answer, direct-reading instrument especially adapted for measuring luster of raw cotton and grey and mercerized yarns has been developed. It includes a special sample clamp, and a turret-top holder for the instrument. The sample is illuminated at 45° and measured at 0° and 45°. By means of a special circuit, the ratio of these two measurements may be read directly from an automatically indicating scale in terms of "per cent luster. Samples are easily and quickly prepared from .yarn skeins on special holders, and a similar but narrower holder is used for measuring combed fibers from pinches of blended raw stock samples. Results are related to goniophotometric measurements made for several conditions of illumination. Luster, sample preparation and holder, the instrument, calibration, and luster results for the USDA's Standardized Variety Series of cottons are discussed and summarized. The instrument is an adapta tion of a simplified all-purpose glossmeter under development by R. S. Hunter.


Background: Histological subtypes of lung carcinoma vary between gender and age groups. Younger age group has more predilections for adenocarcinoma (ACC) while squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is more common in older age group. Gender wise, ACC is more frequent among females as compare to males. Aim: Present study analysed the distribution of histological subtypes among different age groups (younger vs. older) and gender (male vs. females) to find out predominance of any particular subtype or a specific pattern relating to age and gender in Indian population. Materials and Methods: Data of 342 patients were retrospectively analysed in terms of age, gender and pathological diagnosis. The patients were grouped into two, younger age group (≤50 years) and older age group (>50 years). Results: There were 280 (81.87%) male and 62 (18.12%) female patients. Male:female ratio was 4:51. There were 134 patients (39.18%) in younger age group and 208 (60.81%) patients in older age group. Majority of the patients (272) were nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) (79.53%) while 70 patients had small cell lung carcinoma (20.46%). Out of 272 patients with NSCLC, 130 (38%), were SCC, 92 (26.90%) patients had ACC and rest 50 (14.61%) patients were of large cell lung carcinoma. No significant predilection for a particular histological subtype in younger and older age group was observed. In males SCC was the most common subtype (42.14%, P = 0.0014) and in females ACC was most frequent (48.38%, P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma in males, ACC in females and overall SCC is the most common histological subtype. No significant correlation with age was found.


Abstract The Sunda Basin contains large thicknesses of elastics and carbonates deposited in a back-arc basin setting and is a proven prolific hydrocarbon producer. Rama field is one of the largest oil producing fields in the basin. Production comes mostly from the Early Miocene Baturaja Formation which includes a number of carbonate reservoirs, all deposited in reefal and near-reefal environments. Five main lithofacies subdivisions have been recognized, mainly as a result of a detailed study of 1117 ft (340.5 m) of Baturaja core taken from fourteen Rama wells. These are: 1) skeletal wackestones, 2) mudstones and minor coal, 3) foraminiferal packstones, 4) coral boundstones, and 5) coral/skeletal packstones. Each was formed in a specific reefal environment depending on water depth and the amount of mud in the system. Log responses, porosity/permeability ranges and reservoir characteristics are described for each lithofacies. Porosity is mainly intraskeletal and vuggy/moldic, with some interparticle porosity and probable cavernous porosity within karsted zones. Dolomitization is important in some facies and is related to the diagenesis of clay-rich carbonates. The secondary vuggy/moldic porosity is restricted to the packstones which are debris tongues of bioclastic material derived from the main reef. These packstones commonly constitute good reservoir zones capable of testing at flow rates of 2000-3000 BOPD. The relatively minor amount of in-situ reef present is tightly cemented and displays poor reservoir quality.


Vertebrates regenerate tissues in three ways: proliferation of cells that maintain some or all of their differentiated structure and function, dedifferentiation of mature cells followed by proliferation and re differentiation into the same cell type or trans determination to another cell type, and activation of restricted lineage stem cells, which have the ability to transdetermine to different lineages under the appropriate conditions. The behavior of the cells during regeneration is regulated by growth factors and extracellular matrix molecules. Some non‐regenerating tissues are now known to harbor stem cells which, though they form scar tissue in vivo, are capable of producing new tissue‐specific cells in vitro, suggesting that the injury environment inhibits latent regenerative capacity. Regenerative medicine seeks to restore tissues via transplantation of stem cell derivatives, implantation of bioartificial tissues, or stimulation of regeneration in vivo. These approaches have been partly successful, but several research issues must be addressed before regenerative medicine becomes a clinical reality.


This paper examines the impact of changes in organizational form of business groups from a complex circular shareholding or "loop" structure to a more simplified and transparent pure holding company structure. We focus on changes in risk characteristics and how they are reflected in initial announcement returns. Using a business group-level sample that went through such structural changes in Korea, we find that pure holding companies at the apex exhibit a significant decrease in beta subsequent to the structural change, which is reflected in positive market reactions at the initial announcement. For other subsidiary member firms, however, we do not observe such patterns. On the other hand, idiosyncratic risk significantly increases for both holding companies and subsidiaries following the switch. These results suggest that such structural changes alleviate business and financial interdependence among business group member firms, and that the benefits, if any, mostly accrue to (the shareholders of) the apex holding companies.


The aim of this paper is to reviews two approaches to the definition and measurement of poverty: the monetary and the capability approach. The paper deal with some methodological issues related to one-dimensional and multidimensional analysis of poverty and try to to analysing them following the same scheme and answering the same questions for both approach. It points out the theoretical underpinnings of the various measures, and problems of operazionalising them and above all it tries to make an arrangement of the literature. We will start by discussing the origins of monetary approach following some common problem that arises when we try to survey all the approach to poverty measurement then we try to classify the most indices of poverty measurement: At the same time among the multidimensional approach the paper will review the Amartya Sen one's. Despite the capabality approach is widely recognised as one of the more satisfying and complete multidimensional approach there are few empirical applictions. After a brief description of the capability approach, the paper try to classify all the applications made in this field. Some questions arises for further works: all the paper on capability approach focus the attention on functioning rather than capability, and they are implementing above all for (paesi in via di sviluppo). It's seems interesting try to assess some capabilities in industrialized country using ECHP data.


The prevalence and incidence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has been increasing over recent years. However, the natural history remains incompletely understood particularly the differences in disease characteristics and progression of childhood‐onset and adult‐onset EoE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the disease characteristics and progression of childhood‐onset and adult‐onset EoE.


Objective: By enrolling a prospective study of 82 patients that underwent non-urgent coronary angiography for coronary artery disease (CAD), it is aimed to investigate the correlation between adiponectin and waist-hip-ratio with severity of CAD. Materials and methods : The results of the angiography, divided the patients into two groups, patients admitted with a diagnosis of CAD and non-CAD. In the conducted hospital based research, two groups were involved: the study group with documented angiographically CAD and control group without angiographic evidence of CAD. Some of the baseline adiponectin levels in stored serum samples of all patients, anthropometric and biochemical risk factors were assessed in both groups . Result and discussion : As the result, we have seen the presence of CAD that was associated with current smoking, male gender, waist–hip ratio (WHR).While, no significant difference between median adiponectin levels at baseline were observed between cases and controls. Conclusion : There is a significant positive correlation between waist - hip ratio and presence of severity of coronary artery disease. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(2) 2018 p.290-295


Declaration of cardiorespiratory death, as defined by the Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA), requires irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory function. A physician's ability to confidently declare death is paramount because death is both a biological and social construct, and can afford a dying patient the opportunity to be an organ donor via donation after circulatory death (DCD). Inconsistencies related to cardiorespiratory death and DCD include the specific language used in the UDDA, specifically the use of the word "irreversible". Additionally, in DCD there is a large focus on the auto-resuscitative capacity of the heart, however recently some have argued that instead the focus should shift to the brain and a determination of how long it needs to be without circulation to cease functioning prior to declaring death. In this paper, I discuss inconsistencies with cardiorespiratory death as they pertain to organ donation and posit several possible solutions to mitigate these inconsistencies.


Objective To discuss the therapic value of endoscopic excision of giant colorectal polyps by high frequency electrotome.Methods We retrospectively reviewed endoscopic excision of giant colorectal polyps in 40 cases by high frequency electrotome in our department during January 2004 to December 2006.Results The diameter of 40 cases giant colorectal polyps were 2~5 cm. There were 13 cases in rectum, 14 in sigmoid colon, 9 in descending colon,and 4 in transverse colon.All the cases were single,18 pedunculated polyps and 6 subpedunculated polyps were excised by endoscopic snare. Another 16 sessile polyps were removed by mucosectomy or piecemeal mucosectomy.All the procedure was successfully without complicating bleeding or perforation.All the pathology after the manipulation was adenomatous polyps, which were 26 canalicular adenoma,6 villous adenoma,and 8 canalicular-villous adenoma.Among 40 patients,8 had focal canceration namely were carcinoma in situ,and these patients were not operated.There was no recurrence during the follow up period of 1~2 years.Conclusion Endoscopic resection of giant colorectal polyps by high frequency electrotome is feasible,effective and safe.


At least two different notions have been published under the name "majority domination in graphs": Majority dominating functions and majority dominating sets. In this work we extend the former concept to digraphs. Given a digraph D = (V,A), a function f : V ! { 1,1} such that f(N + [v]) � 1 for at least half of the vertices v in V is a majority out-dominating function (MODF) of D. The weight of a MODF f is w(f) = P v2V f(v), and the minimum weight of a MODF in D is the majority out-domination number of D, denoted + (D). In this work we introduce these concepts and prove some results regarding them, among which the fact that the decision problem of finding a majority out-dominating function of a given weight is NP-complete. MSC 2010: 05C20, 05C69, 05C22.


Background: Twenty-six out of 10,000 young adults were found to have pilonidal sinus. Pain, chronic abcess, and psychological disorders are more pronounced when the rate of recurrence is higher. Open healing versus midline and off-midline technique has been proposed. In this review, a comparison of two techniques is proposed. The Problem: Open healing technique after extensive debridement of the inverted hair and the surrounding abcess in the fold offers a better guarantee concerning recurrence, but time to closure is higher than when using midline or off-midline immediate surgical closure. Basic/Clinical Science Advances: A systematic review and a meta-analysis of trials was developed on healing by primary closure versus open healing after surgery of pilonidal sinus. Clinical Care Relevance: The pilonidal sinus surgical cure needs to remove as completely as possible the inverted hair subcutaneous pouch, and to heal the wound as fast as possible, and to prevent recurrence. In a recent article published in the British Medical Journal, McCallum et al. presented a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles comparing healing by primary closure versus open healing after surgery of pilonidal sinus, following the Cochrane register of controlled trials. Included trials compared two or more surgical techniques on patients aged 14 years or more. Conclusion: The authors concluded that wounds heal more quickly after primary closure than after open healing but at the expense of increased risk of recurrence. Off-midline closure should become the standard management for pilonidal sinus when closure is the desired surgical option.


Gaucher disease (GD) (GD, OMIM 230800), is the most common glycosphingolipid storage disorder, with an estimated global prevalence of 1:200,000 of the population (Cox & Schofield, 1997). Impaired activity of the lysosomal enzyme, ┚-glucocerebrosidase, leads to build-up of glucosylceramide in macrophages, forming dysfunctional, lipid-engorged 'Gaucher cells' that accumulate primarily in the liver, spleen, bone, lungs and nervous system (Grabowski & Horowitz, 1997; Beutler, 1997). Figure 1 Sometimes, bone disease or cellular infiltration in bone marrow, could be lead to fractures or hematomas that cause neurological complications from compression of the spinal cord or peripheral nervous system. In addition, severe deficiency of ┚-glucocerebrosidase increases the accumulation in the central nervous system of glucosylceramide and other toxic metabolites in the neuronopathic involvement. However the precise mechanisms by which glucosylceramide storage originate them is still unclear. The frequency of neurological GD cases is ranging between 7% and 17%, according to different series (Biegstraaten et al., 2008; Cherin et al., 2010).


State statistical agencies, as is known, do not confine themselves to amassing and computing statistical data. They are doing considerable work in analyzing this data and are conducting a number of statistical investigations into the most urgent problems of Soviet economic development. In certain respects, the Central Statistical Administration performs the functions of a scientific institution with a big program of scientific and methodological projects.


Due to its synthetic and complex characters,the combustion process with fixed air-fuel ratio of shaft ore-roasting furnace is very difficult to be controlled stably,the fault is appeared frequently and lead to the combustion efficiency high.To deal with this problem,an intelligent control approach has been developed for the air-fuel ratio combination of case-based reasoning and neural network.The fault prediction model performs to predict the typical fault with the help of case-based reasoning technology is obtained with the working trend and the fault cases.According to these,the tuning value of air-fuel ratio are given by the algorithm based on neural network.The proposed method has been successfuUy applied to the combustion process of a shaft fur- nace,with increase of control accuracy for the combustion temperature,reduction of gas consumption and the fault ratios.


Through an examination of how her tween son's socially mediated life affects his educational perspectives, the author considers how this understanding informs and reforms current thinking about contemporary teaching and learning. In the age of social media and digital games, tweens are more engaged in what could be considered learning at home than they are in schools. What matters to the tween frames a new way of thinking about teaching and learning for both what these students need now and for their future work and learning practices. Emerging from this research are learning principles grounded in collaboration and communication in which tweens are contributors in all facets of teaching and learning.


In order to provide basic data for improving the intellectual property early warming capacity and the competitiveness of high-tech industries of Beijing,by searching the database of the United States Patent and Trademark Office,patent information in the form of dynamic pages can be gotten.Based on XML related technology,a method to extract and store patent information in local relational database is put forward in this paper.The web pages are filtered by regular expression matching,and then the document object models of the pages are cleaned.Finally the patent information is extracted by XSLT matching and stored to relation database by object mapping.The prototype of the patent extraction system is designed and implemented,which has a high recall rate and precision rate.


Objectives: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been one of the major health concerns for all the countries around the globe This study was aimed to study the potential effect of COVID-19 virus on the level of blood ghrelin appetite hormone in order to determine the influence of this infection on the patient appetite Methods: This is a cross-sectional study was conducted between July and the end of August 2020 in the western region of Saudi Arabia A total of 50 confirmed positive patients with COVID-19 (positive group) and 30 control healthy subjects with negative blood samples (negative group) were collected to determine the level of ghrelin appetite hormone using the human ghrelin (GHRL) ELISA technique A student's t-test was carried out to find out the statistical change between different study groups Results: The serum total ghrelin concentrations, on average, were 51 32 pg/mL on positive group and 50 37 pg/mL on negative group, respectively The difference of ghrelin was statistically insignificant between the two groups (P >0 05) Although the sample size of the study was small, the results showed high number of COVID-19 cases in male than female Conclusion: The current data shows that there are no significant changes in the level of serum ghrelin hormone in COVID-19 patients Consequently, it might be possible that the ghrelin hormone showed potential changes in the saliva compared to the effect in the blood Thus, a further analysis of the ghrelin hormone in the saliva of COVID-19 patients will be conducted in the near future


30 species of sphagnous mosses growing on the Pri-Yenisey Siberia territory Krasnoyarsk region, Khakassia and Tyva are revealed. The assessment of sorts frequency on the territory, their ecology and geographical reasonableness are indicated.


The debate about and support for innovation in education has heated up. There is hype around the possibilities novel and disruptive innovations can have on changing education practice and providing more effective learning solutions. The advent of the Internet and social media technologies allows for an abundance of innovation to be promoted and shared with and between educators, and the increasing use of technologies like iPads in the classroom results in the advertisement of innumerous new education applications. For the educator, there is the difficult challenge of knowing how to sift through this material and separate those innovations that may hold value for their classroom situation from those that have gained wide appeal. In this thesis I take an interest in how certain education innovations catch on and are adopted on a large scale, and how the marketing of these innovations in various kinds of media as well as the ways they are evaluated by teachers, contribute to this process. I separate my findings into two articles and use a set of six qualities generated from the research use and social psychology literatures as a guide (evidence, compatibility, accessibility, practicality, credibility, appeal), focusing on evidence in relation to the other five qualities. In the article on media promotion, I find the kinds of evidence used rarely came from formal research studies, but from anecdotal forms of evidence and general statistics related to use of the innovation. In the article on teacher evaluation, I find the teachers were open to trying out innovations, but had different strategies for evaluating and selecting them. Evidence was often discussed as a low priority


Ethical Politics is an interesting policy to study, because the policy is actually in practice as a new form of the Dutch colonial era over Indonesia with the slogan of educational development policies, irrigation, and emigration. But in practice it remained a new form of colonialism over the people of the Dutch


We study the solution of the Toda lattice Cauchy problem with steplike initial data. The initial data are supposed to tend to zero as $n \to +\infty$. By the inverse scattering transform method formulas allowing us to find solution of the Toda lattice are obtained.


Conducting polymers such as polypyrrole have been the subject of intensive study due to their light weight and useful electrical properties. Many applications of such polymers, such as for use as motor windings or as magnetic field sensors, require a precise knowledge of the electrical properties of the polymers being used. This thesis presents a study of the magnetoresistance of the conducting polymer polypyrrole. It was found that the electrical resistance of polypyrrole wires is not correlated to the strength of a perpendicular magnetic field, but exhibits a large dependence on the operating temperature of the wire. Thesis Supervisor: Ian W. Hunter Title: Hatsopoulos Professor of Mechanical Engineering Acknowledgements I would like to thank Professor Hunter for providing me with the opportunity to do research in such an amazing lab on multiple occasions over the course of my undergraduate education. The people, capabilities, and working environment in the BioInstrumentation Lab were a constant inspiration to me. I would like to thank Priam Pillai and Bryan Ruddy for their help and suggestions with the data collection and background research. Special thanks to my amazing parents, Jim and Debby, for the unconditional and unending love and support. Many thanks go to my younger brother Jacob, for guiding and following me in turn, and for always being my best friend. Lastly, thank you to my close friends Julia Zimmerman, Andrew Bishara, and Patrick Barragan for helping make MIT as wonderful as it has been. Table of


Wettability of reservoir rocks directly restricts the relative permeability of oil and water in the microcrevice. It is a major factor that influenced the distribution of oil and water in the micro pore and oil recovery. Wettability is affected by many factors. The main factors including mineral composition of rock surface,composition of crude oil,ion composition and p H of formation water and injected water and temperature are discussed.