School ethnography is a relatively young form of scientific inquiry, originally designed to solve social problems in the late twentieth century. As such, there are a series of prevailing issues that plague its use. This analysis searches to pinpoint what these issues are, how they contribute to knowledge gaps in school ethnographies, and the problems of interpretation and application that can arise from them. This will happen through first an evaluation of past ethnographic work and existing critiques to identify the most glaring issues, and then an application of how said issues are relevant to more recent ethnographies. Finally, this paper will conclude with a series of potential solutions that would help to alleviate some of these gaps.


?The mechanics of enhancement of obstacles for the power of unconfined vapor cloud explosion are presented.The studies of experiments and empirical methods and theories of of UVCEs which obstacles are placed in the vapor cloud are generalizedThe key problem of studying the effect of enhancement of obstacles for UVCEs is the mechanism of interaction between obstacles and flame and the mechanism of speeduping of flame. 


Abstract Selected physical tests were made on natural rubber vulcanizates prepared with six levels of each of six different curing systems. These combinations produced different types of crosslinks which were subjected to analysis using a combination of swelling measurements and lithium aluminum hydride reduction analyses. The effect of crosslink type or length was reflected in stress-strain measurements. One might reasonably look to crystallization measurements on such vulcanizates for a more complete explanation of the effects of crosslink type on stress-strain measurements. The ability of polysulfide crosslinks to exchange to form new links as the sample is strained should also be examined. When subjected to stress, especially when hot, polysulfide crosslinks are more susceptible to rupture than monosulfide or carbon-to-carbon crosslinks. This crosslink rupture may or may not be compensated for by subsequent formation of new polysulfide or monosulfide crosslinks in a deformed state. Under suitable expe...


The core ecosystem functions of food provision,climate regulation,nutrient cycle,waste treatment,primary production,gas regulation and culture were evaluated by the methods of market price,WTP,replace cost in Luoyuan Bay.The result showed that the annual general ecosystem service value in this area amount to 3050.05 million yuan/a,of which,1746.88 million yuan/a for food provision,348 million yuan/a for s climate regulation,327.44 million yuan/a for nutrient cycle,312 million yuan/a for waste treatment,234.74 million yuan/a for primary production,80.35 million yuan/a for gas regulation,0.64 million yuan/a for research culture.The food provision is prominent,and the proportion of the total value of 57.27%,highlighting its importance as an aquaculture bases in Fujian.


It is sobering to consider that despite its prevalence and prominence, the cause of atherosclerosis remains unknown. In this issue of Stroke , Brassard et al have addressed its intriguing association with inflammation. If infection plays a role in the genesis of vascular events such as stroke, might antibiotics reduce their incidence?

Briefly, Brassard et al examined retrospectively a large data set of elderly hypertensive patients beginning therapy and, after adjustment for confounders, found that antibiotic use, particularly penicillin, was negatively associated with stroke. They noted a "protective association."

Enthusiasm for a conclusion supporting a popular and intriguing hypothesis should be tempered by consideration of exactly what was done and what was found. Two principles are helpful in assessing the strength of this evidence:

First, in science, an answer cannot be more specific than the question it addresses.

Second, …


Although the effects of personality traits on complaining behaviour emerged in the early 1980s, there is limited research in the service industry. The purpose of this study is to examine whether consumer personality traits influence intentions to complain and whether product price and product types moderate the relationship between personality traits and intentions to complain in the retail industry. The research model is tested by logistic regression analysis on two groups of consumers who report passive and active complaining intentions. The study reveals that conscientious consumers who are open to new experiences tend to have higher intentions to complain. Being extroverted does not have any influence on complaining behaviour. Whilst price levels (low/high) and product types (grocery, clothing and electronics) improve the predictive ability of the complaining behaviour, the interaction effects relating to the three personality traits are statistically insignificant. Theoretical and managerial implications of the study findings are discussed.


This study examines the role of transportation emissions in the realization of smart and future cities. It encapsulates different phases in the light of smart transportation and vehicles; the first phase involved an analysis of smart infrastructure, parking and plug-in lots. Electric transit being a topic that is often overlooked is otherwise closely examined. The second phase of the study focused on alternative and flex-fuel vehicles, hybrids, and their roles in the realization of the Clean Cities' program. The third phase considered the realization of smart cities and emission-less transportation by examining US emission data from 1991 to 2011. Several data analytical methods were used to draw actionable insights across major states in the United States. This phase was preceded by exploratory data analysis before attempting to predict the future of emissions based on existing data. This phase established that our prediction of future data is often anchored on known data. The dip in emissions during the economic recession influenced the course of future emissions drastically. This wasn't anticipated by the most sophisticated models. The research is concluded by remarks, challenges and policy implications surrounding alternative-energy vehicles and emission-less transportation system.


Arena violence has many negative consequences,in order to control it,the cause and mechanism should be found out.By using documentation and interview method,arena violence is discussed in detail,which is brought out by the sports features,imperfect competition rules,improper direction on sport ethics,setbacks in competition,unreasonable expectation on result of competition.Setbacks of mutual competition is the source of creating mechanisms of arena violence.Opportunities,irritants,and social support are its catalyst,and only when these are closely linked violence will occur.The control strategy is what ingredient and scale of audience should be controled,competition rules should be perfected,enhance the professional attainment of match officials,the source of stimulus of player violence should be cut off,guide psychological orientation of experience setbacks of players,and promote the new competition ethics.


1 Laboratório de Comportamento de Peixes, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brasil CEP 13.635.950. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com (corresponding author). *Funded by FAPESP (2012/24698-4) GLICOSÍMETRO PORTÁTIL COMO FERRAMENTA ALTERNATIVA PARA MONITORAMENTO DA GLICOSE SANGUÍNEA EM LAMBARIS Astyanax altiparanae: EFEITOS DO ESTRESSE E SEXO ABSTRACT The efficacy of a point-of-care (POC) blood glucometer (Accu-Chek Active®) was evaluated in adult lambaris (Astyanax altiparanae), comparing the values obtained by this equipment to those obtained by the laboratory enzymatic method. The glycemia of adult males and females and the variations resulting from transporting in juveniles were also evaluated 0, 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after procedure. Data were submitted to ANOVA, comparing the means by the Tukey ́s Test (P> 0.05) and a regression analysis was performed to establish the correlations between values obtained by the two methods. The blood glucose values obtained by POC meter were 11.2% lower, in absolute terms, but did not differ significantly from those recorded by the laboratory enzymatic method, with linear correlation (R = 67.7%) between the methods. Higher glucose levels were recorded for males; glycemia increased 334.3% immediately after transportation, remained elevated (113.3%) up to 48 hours and returned to basal levels (fasting) after 72 hours. It was concluded that POC Accu-Chek Active® is an effective tool for glucose determination in lambari; there are sex-dependent differences in relation to blood glucose levels; the species is sensitive to stress transporting and glycemia is an immediate and appropriate physiological indicator for this evaluation.


We identify initial public offerings (IPOs) as a setting to study the effect of capital gains taxes on asset prices. The initial (first-day) stock returns are a reasonable estimate of the short term taxable gains incurred by initial investors who bought shares at the offer price. If initial investors are able to shift the short-term capital gains tax burden from selling their shares to equity issuers or subsequent buyers, then the magnitude of IPO under-pricing should increase in short-term capital gains taxes. On the other hand, a historically lower long-term capital gains tax rate offers initial investors the benefit of deferring and reducing capital gains taxes by delaying the sale of their shares. If these tax savings are important, then the magnitude of IPO under-pricing should decrease in long-term capital gains tax rate. We provide empirical evidence supporting both predictions. Broadly speaking, our results suggest that taxes play an important role in valuing securities.


the vertex, on the left side. He was quite sensible, although rather stupid, and replied to questions somewhat slowly. On opening up the wound and introducing the finger, the bone was found to be fractured, a straight fissure being felt running parallel to the wound, and extending as tar back:, in both directions, as the finger could reach. The hair around the wound was shaved, and a wet pad applied. Some hours after admission he was found to be more stupid, but still able to answer questions. The pupils were equal, and quite sensitive to light. Pulse slow and regular, 60 per minute. Temperature 98'4? F. On the following day Dr. Buchanan enlarged the wound, and examined the fracture. The bone on the upper side of the fracture was seen to be depressed, but only an eighth of an inch. The wound was ordered to be dressed with iced cloths, the bowels to be regulated with salines, patient to be put upon low diet, and to be kept quiet. Recovery gradually took place, by degrees he became more intelligent, the wound healed up kindly, and he was dismissed


The period of Qing was the development peak of Yunnan frontier regions, and also was the outset of urbanization. The reason was that the Qing Dynasty government had strengthened the control to Yunnan along with the population growth, agricultural development and mineral resources exploration. However, the towns were very backward, because of the early stage of developing and congenital deficiencies, which restricted the developing of urbanization in a long time.


Pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) can become myofibroblasts via mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MesoMT) and contribute to pleural organization, fibrosis, and rind formation. However, how these transformed mesothelial cells contribute to lung fibrosis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanism of contractile myofibroblast differentiation of PMCs. TGF-b induced marked upregulation of calponin 1 expression, which was correlated with notable cytoskeletal rearrangement in human PMCs (HPMCs) to produce stress fibers. Downregulation of calponin 1 expression reduced stress fiber formation. Interestingly, induced stress fibers predominantly contain αSMA associated with calponin 1 but not b-actin. Calponin 1 associated stress fibers also contained myosin II and α-actinin. Further, focal adhesions were aligned with the produced stress fibers. These results suggest that calponin 1 facilitates formation of stress fibers that resemble contractile myofibrils. Supporting this notion, TGF-b significantly increased the contractile activity of HPMCs, an effect that was abolished by downregulation of calponin 1 expression. We infer that differentiation of HPMCs to contractile myofibroblasts facilitates stiffness of scar tissue in pleura to promote pleural fibrosis and that upregulation of calponin 1 plays a central role in this process.


During November 3-8, a total of 41 cases of human West Nile virus (WNV) illness were reported from seven states (California, Maryland, Minnesota, New Mexico, Oregon, Tennessee, and Texas).


In this article the author argues for the rapprochement between the methods and questions of the history of historiography and the questionnaire of the sociology of knowledge. The sociological perspective can inspire both the research on the communities of professional historians and the functioning of the historiographical knowledge in social and political structures. The author analyzes diff erent dimensions of the political functions of historiography and emphasizes the diff erence between the utilitarian and scientific aspects of historical knowledge.


Objective Influence of comprehensive nursing intervention for the treatment of diabetes.Methods Our hospital in July 2014-July 2015 admitted 80 patients with diabetes were randomly divided into experimental and control group 40 cases.In the control group were treated with routine care measures,the experimental group were to be integrated reasonable basis for nursing intervention in a patient group above,Comparative analysis of nursing glycemic control after two groups of patients,lipid control,improved quality of life,medication compliance and so on.Results Care of patients in the experimental group after the fasting blood glucose(4.7±0.6) mmol/L,postprandial blood glucose two hours(7.4±1.8) mmol/L,glycated hemoglobin(5.8±0.4) mmol/L,triglycerides(1.8±0.7) mmol/L,total cholesterol(5.6±2.2) mmol/L,the indicators are significantly better than the control group of patients,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Improvement of quality of life and medication compliance of patients in the experimental group than the control group of patients,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion Comprehensive nursing intervention can improve the control of blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetics,improve the patient's lifestyle,improve patient medication compliance,significantly improve the effectiveness of the treatment,worthy of wider promotion and application.


Background: It has been proposed that increased levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines play a key role in radiation-induced lung injury. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 are two pro-fibrotic cytokines that promote the production of free radicals through stimulation of Duox1 and Duox2. In this experimental study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of IL4Ra1, Duox1, IL13Ra2, and Duox2 genes following rat's lung irradiation. Objectives: Also, we detected the modulatory effect of a combination of curcumin and L-selenomethionine on the expression of these genes. Methods: Twenty male rats were divided into four groups as G1: control (no treatment or radiation); G2: treatment with a combination of curcumin and L-selenomethionine; G3: radiation; G4: radiation plus a combination of curcumin and L-selenomethionine. sixty-seven days after irradiation, rats were killed for detecting the expression of IL4Ra1, IL13Ra2, Duox1, and Duox2. Results: The results showed no detectable expression for IL13Ra2, while the expression of IL4Ra1, Duox1, and Duox2 was increased. Treatment with a combination of curcumin and L-selenomethionine could attenuate the expression of these genes. Conclusions: This study proposes that upregulation of Duox1 and Duox2 may be involved in radiation-induced lung injury. Treatment with a combination of curcumin and L-selenomethionine may be useful for the mitigation of lung injury through modulation of these genes.


The modulation response of monolithically integrated external optical injection-locking (EOIL) semiconductor ring lasers based on photon-photon resonance effect was systematically analyzed. The simulation results show that the modulation response of the EOIL laser is strongly dependent on the internal loss of the ring laser. Assuming that the waveguide was loss-free, the modulation bandwidth of as high as 67.5 GHz was predicted. However, due to the excessive loss associated with the bending waveguide of the circular-shaped ring laser, the modulation performance of such EOIL laser has no any advantage over its free-running counterpart. Instead, use of rectangular-shaped ring laser as the slave laser is proposed to circumvent the issue associated with the excessive waveguide loss, since the internal loss, in this case, is only dependent on the reflectivity of the total reflection mirrors. Simulation shows the modulation bandwidth of at least 38 GHz is achievable in such EOIL laser, provided the reflectivity of the total reflection mirrors is greater than 96%. It is believed that this theoretical study will facilitate the future experimental demonstration of the monolithically integrated EOIL lasers.


This study examines the post-incarceration housing experiences of 33 women. Using Residential Timeline Followback methodology, participants were asked to report where they lived at arrest and every location since their release. Follow-up questions asked women to describe these locations, who they lived with, how much they paid, and whether or not they felt safe. Demographic information and criminal justice history were recorded. The data paint a complicated picture of social and community resources, persistence, and struggle. Housing assets lost at incarceration were difficult to recover. Most women bounced between various locations, relying heavily on short-term subsidized congregate housing programs and rarely securing independent housing. Participants described the family, friends, and acquaintances who housed them during reentry as overextended and vulnerable. Implications for policy and practice are explored.


Vocabulary is an element of language that has function to support the use of other elements of language (grammar, pronunciation, and spelling) and also to facilitate the use of four language skills. Morphological awareness is system that expected can help students  to improve their vocabulary mastery. Objective of this study was to find out whether or not there was a significant correlation between morphological awareness and vocabulary mastery. Correlation study was used as research design. Sample of this study was fifty-six of 4 th , 6 th , 8 th , and 10 th semester undergraduate EFL students of Tridinanti University Palembang. Morphological awareness and vocabulary test were used as instruments. Morphological awareness test had 3 parts consisting of 45 items. Correlation analysis was used to examine correlation between morphological awareness and vocabulary mastery. Regression analysis was used to find out whether or not morphological awareness gave contribution to students' vocabulary mastery. Then, vocabulary test consisted of 50 items. The result showed that there was a significant correlation between students' morphological awareness and their vocabulary mastery but it was fair correlation. Moreover, morphological awareness contributed as much 21.9% toward  students' vocabulary mastery. Therefore, cultivating morphological awareness could be applied as a right strategy to improve students' vocabulary mastery. Keywords : morphological awareness, vocabulary mastery.


The invention belongs to the technical field of solar power storage/supply and in particular relates to an off-grid independent solar power storage/supply system and method. The off-grid independent solar power storage/supply system disclosed by the invention comprises a power supply path from a solar circuit to an alternating current load, which is composed of a solar generating assembly, a monitoring protective circuit A, an MPPT (maximum power point tracking) and DC/DC (direct current) circuit, a voltage regulating circuit, an inverter circuit, a monitoring protective circuit C and the alternating current load which are connected; and multiple storage battery packs, a monitoring and optional switching circuit B, an automatic electricity compensation circuit and a voltage regulating circuit are connected to jointly form an electricity compensation circuit path, an unstable solar circuit is stabilized by adopting an electricity compensating manner, electricity demand when load power changes can be met, stability of power supply is guaranteed and influence and damage of instant heavy current to the storage batteries are effectively solved by virtue of electricity compensation power supply of a storage capacitor, and more than 60% of storage battery arrangement and investment can be reduced and utilization rate of solar power is greatly improved under the condition of the same power supply capability.


This paper will review some qualities of effective technology-based learning resources and how they can support conceptual professional development and scaffold thinking through the use of cognitive tools. It will also explore factors that are important to professional development, as teachers participate in online learning networks and communities. It will demonstrate examples of effective design that must be present to ensure that participants learn in meaningful and motivating ways.


The abdominal vertebrae of the adult carp retain a bulk of cartilage at the basement of the haemapophyses. This cartilage has two opposite directions of differentiation. There is an enchondral ossification of the hypertrophic calcified cartilage in its distal area whereas its proximal area is calcifying without previous hypertrophy. The calcification of this proximal area (hyaline calcified cartilage) is permanent and shows typical rings and waves of Liesegang. The calcification of the cartilage of the hemapophyses is of a globular type. The hyaline calcified cartilage is not a metaplastic bone. Other studies, specially with electron microscope, will allow us to understand the innermost process of the different stages of calcification in the cartilage of the carp.


We will present our work on the development of ultra-high-resolution detectors for alpha particle spectrometry. These detectors, based on superconducting transition-edge sensors, offer energy resolution that is five to ten times better than conventional silicon detectors. Using these microcalorimeter detectors, the isotopic composition of mixed-actinide samples can be determined rapidly without the need for actinide separation chemistry to isolate each element, or mass spectrometry to separate isotopic signatures that can not be resolved using traditional alpha spectrometry (e.g. Pu-239/Pu-240, or Pu-238/Am-241). This paper will cover the detector and measurement system, actinide source preparation, and the quantitative isotopic analysis of a number of forensics- and safeguards-relevant radioactive sources.


Based on the importance of experimental teaching in cultivating optic information talent,the reformation of teaching and practical exploring of optical information laboratory is investigated from various aspects,such as hardware construction of experimental platform,construction of the staff,hierarchy of the experimental platform,joint education of school and enterprise,network platform for the construction of the experimental,running of the experimental platform.Through the construction of the experimental platform,and effective improvement of the quality of teaching and learning,we are going to culture talents with certain capacity in the 21st century.


In this paper, we analyze and quantitatively study the deflection of coronal mass ejection (CME) in the latitudinal direction during its propagation from the Corona to interplanetary (IP) space using a three‐dimensional (3‐D) numerical magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulation. To this end, 12 May 1997 CME event during the Carrington rotation 1922 is selected. First, we try to reproduce the physical properties for this halo CME event observed by the WIND spacecraft. Then, we study the deflection of CME, and quantify the effect of the background magnetic field and the initiation parameters (such as the initial magnetic polarity and the parameters of the CME model) on the latitudinal deflection of CMEs. The simulations show that the initial magnetic polarity substantially affects the evolution of CMEs. The "parallel" CMEs (with the CME's initial magnetic field parallel to that of the ambient field) originating from high latitude show a clear Equatorward deflection at the beginning and then propagate almost parallel to heliospheric current sheet and the "antiparallel" CMEs (with the CME's initial magnetic field opposite to that of the ambient field) deflect toward the pole. Our results demonstrate that the latitudinal deflection extent of the "parallel" CMEs is mainly controlled not only by the background magnetic field strength but also by the initial magnetic field strength of the CMEs. There is an anticorrelation between the latitudinal deflection extent and the CME average transit speed and the energy ratio Ecme/Esw.


The study of theatre culture in Africa provides a significant background to reassess the emphasis on orthodox ideologies and influence of European aesthetics on the development of African theatre. The tradition of locating the worldview of dramatic characters within a culture which the audience within the culture can emphathise with is universal. And in most instances it is the misinformation about what is stylistically different across cultures that is instrumental in isolating non-Western people's experiences. Thus the contextualisation of D. O. Fágúnwà's novel, Ògbójú Ọdẹ Nínú Igbó Irúnmọlẹ̀, translated from the Yorùbá as The Forest of a Thousand Daemons: A Hunters Saga by the Nobel Prize winner Wole Soyinka, and Lángbòdó, the stage adaption whose title, Lángbòdó (The Indescribable Mount), is based on the wild locale at the heart of the hunter's adventure in Fágúnwà's novel by Wálé Ògúnyẹmí, within the system of Aláárìnjó the indigenous Yorùbá Travelling Theatre in West Africa, asserts culture as a performance space. The approach to understanding the concept of a theatre is to understand the art form which is characteristic of the culture. In the dramatic narrative of the hunter-narrator on a mission to the distant Mount Lángbòdó, Fágúnwà and Ògúnyẹ́mí capture the functional dimensions of indigenous people's theatres distinctive from European realities. This paper is an attempt to emphasise the importance of revisiting the definitions and developments of theatre along the backgrounds of indigenous cultures and theatrical arts such as Aláárìnjó as drawn from the selected works of the two Yorùbá writers.


This paper addresses the problem of performance evaluation of cooperative navigation system. Based on the eval-uation needs, a novel evaluation index system is established in this paper. In order to solve the problem of human subjectivity in the evaluation process, this paper proposes a Cloud-Particle-Swarm -Optimization- Backpropagation - N eural- Network evaluation model. The model employs cloud computing to process un-certainty information leveraging Particle-Swarm-Optimization-Backpropagation-Neural-Network evaluation method. Simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model.


Generic drugs generate a lot of interest in the sector in recent times. There is a lot of competition between generic drugs and brand names in the market. Recently there are growing conditions which hinder the smooth adoption of these medicinal products in the market. This paper will discuss some of the issues which revolve around the generic drug industry.


The aphid species  Hyalopteroides humilis  (Walker),  Melanaphis donacis  (Passerini),  Illinoia azaleae  (Mason),  Myzus hemerocallis  Takahashi and  Rhopalosiphoninus staphylleae  (Koch) are been recorded for first time from Argentina. The first two of them are also new record from South America. The actualized Argentinean aphid check-list is presented, and comments about several species are given.  Capitophorus hippophaes  (Walker) , M. donacis  and  Takecallis arundinariae  (Essig) are recorded for first time from Chile


Based on the theory of electromagnetics, the forward computing formulae and algorithm are derived for airborne time-domain electromagnetic methods (ATEM) with dipole-dipole array under the condition of stratified earth. The computer program for computing the ATEM response is worked out and the forward computing is completed for some typical geoelectrical sections. The forward computing results provide scientific basis for analyzing the detecting capability and applied conditions of the ATEM and for designing the helicopter ATEM system.


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT Natural products have been a major source discovery for existing and emerging diseases. Pergulariatomentosa is used as remedy for different kinds of health conditions. This study is designed to evaluate the phytochemical constituents present in the leaf of P.tomentosa. The phytochemical screening of extracts of P. tomentosa was performed using standard methods. The presence of terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, cardiac glycoside, saponin and anthraquinone glycosides were detected in the plant extracts. The isolation, characterization and structural elucidation of individual phytochemicals as well as in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies are recommended for further studies.


The invention discloses application of ergosterol and ergosterol liposome prepared from the ergosterol, and particularly relates to the application of the ergosterol on treating lung cancer, and the ergosterol liposome for treating the lung cancer. In the ergosterol liposome, the drug loading capacity of the ergosterol is 5-20 wt%; the liposome consists of lecithin and cholesterol, wherein the mole ratio of the lecithin to the cholesterol is (1:1)-(7:1). The ergosterol liposome disclosed by the invention has remarkable lung cancer resistant effects, low cytotoxicity, small damage to human bodies, and target ability.


It is shown that standard universal dendrites under the action of their group of homeomorphisms give rise to small Polish structures. Moreover, any non-singleton dendrite forming a small Polish structure (or, more generally, having at least one uncountable orbit) under the action of its group of homeomorphisms has N M-rank 1. Finally, dendrites satisfy the existence of nm-independent extensions.


A new forecasting method and its application to Germany on district level (413 districts) is shortly presented. The forecasting was performed in 2008. The simulation period started in 2007 with time horizon 2015. A comparison of empirical data and simulated effects is shown for the period 2007 to 2009. The modelling approach brings together insights from regional economics, population dynamics and migration. In a bottom-up approach the economic development of the regional revenues and the volume of employment are linked with spatial redistribution processes due to commuting, migration and demographic changes. Scenario based simulations with the time horizon 2015 are also discussed, taking into account the structure of the regional economy and the job qualification of the labour force. The results are compared with empirical data for the years 2007 to 2009. The emergence of new regional structures will be discussed for the State of Bavaria.


A simple method for decomposing the variance covariance matrix of portfolio returns at the level of individual stocks is applied to the FTSE 100 Index. During extreme negative shocks, the largest index constituents exhibit lower than average covariance, thereby reducing the volatility of the capitalisation‐weighted index. The risk‐adjusted returns of the capitalisation‐weighted FTSE 100 Index exceed those of an equally‐weighted version of the same index and the outperformance is robust to the method of risk adjustment applied. The equally‐weighted index also exhibits greater systematic (market) risk than the capitalisation‐weighted version.


Orthonormal subspace analysis (OSA) is proposed for handling the subspace decomposition issue and the principal component selection issue in traditional key performance indicator (KPI)-related process monitoring methods such as partial least squares (PLS) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). However, it is not appropriate to apply the static OSA algorithm to a dynamic process since OSA pays no attention to the auto-correlation relationships in variables. Therefore, a novel dynamic OSA (DOSA) algorithm is proposed to capture the auto-correlative behavior of process variables on the basis of monitoring KPIs accurately. This study also discusses whether it is necessary to expand the dimension of both the process variables matrix and the KPI matrix in DOSA. The test results in a mathematical model and the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process show that DOSA can address the dynamic issue and retain the advantages of OSA.


Using a pulse density modulation (PDM) to regulate a load current of a resonant voltage-source inverter causes fluctuation of a current amplitude. The paper proposes a software phase-locked loop (SPLL) of control system in a resonant voltage inverter with PDM for induction heating equipment. The proposed SPLL changes a dead-time between control pulses of inverter transistors, taking into account current amplitude changes at the inverter output under PDM to provide a phase shift between its output voltage and current, which ensures lower dynamic power loss in these transistors. The paper presents results of experimental investigation of the proposed SPLL.


To describe the ship unsinkability index in the flooding process, the time domain differential equations of ship pose parameters are founded. The deficiency of the volumetric flow error iteration method is analyzed and the solution method based on four ranks Runge-Kutta is founded. Physical meaning of the arithmetic is analyzed too. Model experiments are made to validate the solution method then. Finally, the float and stability in flooding process of a given ship is calculated. The results indicate that the flooding process may be danger than the steady condition.


The cavity of rotating wheels shaft and their conjunction areas of gearbox case in one type of agricultural machinery tend to break while working.The modal analysis was carried out with software Nastran and it was found that the amplitude was relative large in this area.The wall was thickened by 2mm and ribs were rationally arranged to improve the stiffness of the area.The finite element mode analysis and the modal experiment based on LMS Test.Lab of the improved prototype were carried out.The results showed that the relative amplitude was reduced by 30% maximally.The dynamic characteristics of the case were apparently improved,which could in turn improve the dynamic performance of agricultural machinery.


Abstract Using a crossover-design, we assessed changes in 30-second chair stand test (30 s-CST), Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and energy and fatigue in older adults (N = 11) after performance of mental tasks. A Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test and a Friedman's rank test were used to assess changes in 30 s-CST, TUG, BBS and energy and fatigue respectively. A linear mixed model was used to assess joint variance and random forest classifier and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms were used to verify results. Statistically significant declines in feelings of energy (p=.003), specifically mental energy (p=.015), and BBS (p<.001), specifically during the "standing with eyes closed" (SEC), was noted for participants on days when they completed mental tasks compared to days they did not. The random-forest and SVM algorithms predicted with 79% and 80% accuracy respectively whether the SEC item of the BBS was performed after a decline a mental energy.


This article discusses the information content of asset prices and their potential role in the Bank's. checklist of monetary indicators. A preliminary empirical analysis of the relationship between asset prices, real economic activity and inflation suggest that asset prices have some useful indicator value, but insufficiently reliable to serve as key guides for policy.


Determination of arsenic, tin and antimony in food by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry was investigated. Food was wet-oxidized with nitric acid and sulfuric acid, and some of the oxidized solution was prereduced by heating with potassium iodide solution. Arsine, stannane and stibine were generated with 3% sodium borohydride, and introduced into a quartz tube cell atomizer heated at 900°C and then arsenic, tin and antimony were determined.The calibration curves of arsenic, tin and antimony were linear in the range from 10ng to 80ng. The detection limits (S/N=2) were 2ng, 1ng and 2ng for arsenic, tin and antimony, respectively.This analytical method was used for the determination of arsenic, tin and antimony in foods.


High cadmium concentration in cereal grains has been cited as a human health concern. Several reports showed that grain cadmium concentration was higher in durum (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum ) than in common wheat (T. aestivum L.). The objective of this research was to determine the inheritance of observed differences in grain cadmium concentration of durum wheat. This information could be used to facilitate breeding of cultivars with low grain cadmium concentration. Grain cadmium concentration was determined in the F 2 and in F 1:3 families of one cross and in F 2:3 and F 3:4 families of two crosses. Grain and leaf cadmium concentration was measured in random F 8:9 and F 8:10 families of three crosses. All trials were conducted in the field on Aridic Haploborall, Vertic Cryoborall, or Gleyed Black soils. Grain cadmium concentration was largely controlled by a single gene, with low cadmium dominant. Leaf cadmium concentration was highly correlated with grain cadmium concentration (r = 0.87-0.89. P < 0.01). Therefore, leaf cadmium concentration can predict the plant phenotype, which would be useful in backerossing the low cadmium trait into high cadmium cultivars. Heritability in standard units, estimated by F 2:3 progeny regression on F 2 parent or F 2:4 progeny regression on F 2:3 parent, ranged from 0.84 ± 0.06 to 0.88 ± 0.08, indicating that breeding of low grain cadmium cultivars is feasible. Heritability estimated from variance components (years, locations, replications, and genotypes) was 0.78, with 90% confidence limits of 0.88 and 0.67. The simple inheritance and high heritability of grain cadmium concentration will facilitate the breeding of low cadmium concentration durum cultivars.


The article analyses when a lease can be terminated using a surrender by operation law. It considers the guidance given by the Court of Appeal in Artworld Financial Corporation v Safaryan [2009]EWCA Civ 303 and the recent High Court ruling in Padwick Properties Ltd v Punj Lloyd Ltd [2016] EWHC 502 (Ch. In the light of the case law, it provides a number of conclusions for legal practitioners.


Adjust the well control strategy to enhance oil recovery and reduce the water cut of reservoir in the expected development period is the target of production optimization. Considering the underground formation condition and surface facility capacities as the mixed-linear-nonlinear constraints, the methodology to solve these complicated constraints during the gradient calculation procedure is still the bottleneck of current production optimization. Implement the penalty function method, we construct the augment Lagrange function consist of mixed constraints and origin optimization objective function as the substitute optimizing objective function. We derive and implemented a more efficient approximate gradient algorithm named general stochastic approximate algorithm(GSA) to obtain the feasible gradient of substitute optimization function. The GSA approximate gradient is always uphill and proved to be the uniform of simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximate algorithm (SPSA) and the ensemble-based optimization algorithm (EnOpt) which these two algorithms are the commonly used in production optimization. Compared with the approximate gradient of SPSA, GSA has a lower include angle with true gradient and higher convergence rate according to the toy problem result. To maximize the augment Lagrange function, we use inner loop to obtain the approximate gradient and the outer loop to update Lagrange multiplier and penalty factor if the gradient violated constraint iteratively. In the synthetic 2D reservoir application, we choose the injection rates and BHP of producer as the control variables with a rational bound constraint and FWCT and field injection rate as the nonlinear constraints. The results shows that the filed oil saturation decline dramatically and the FOPT increase from 1.85×106 STB to 3.03×106 STB, raising 63.6%. The FWCT and field injection rate constraint are always satisfied which prove the soundness of our methodology. In the Brugge reservoir application, we choose the rates of injection and production control valves of smart well as control variables which satisfy the production and injection boundary constraints of each well. The NPV increment is 1.39×109$, raising 49.1%, within all constraints satisfied which proved that our methodology is suitable for large scale reservoir.


The best of the theorems on continued fractions, to be found in Ramanujan's manuscript note-book may be stated as follows: where there are eight gamma-functions in each product and the ambiguous signs are so chosen that the argument of each gamma-function contains one of the specified numbers of minus signs. Then provided that one of the numbers β, γ δ, ε is equal to ± n, where n is a positive integer; and the products and sums on the right range over the numbers α β, γ δ, ε.


In order to discuss the effects of slope protection technique by shrub vegetation and pine wood piles on protecting slopes,this paper briefly described its method principles and construction main points.To take the plots,which located in Shangxinzhuang experimental station of water and soil conservation in Yanqing county of Beijing,applied slope protection by shrub vegetation and pine wood piles for instance,we analyzed the growth and the survival rates of cutting plants,and the physical and chemical properties of soil.The results showed that Amorpha fruticosa L.and Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.both grew well,so that it brought a striking effect on improving the qualities of soil.Four years after finishing construction,the heights of new branches respectively increased to 132 cm,117.2 cm at average,and the diameters of new branches average grew to 0.93 cm,1.33 cm,respectively.Compared with the blank control plot,the soil organic matter,total N,available P and available K from cutting Amorpha fruticosa L.plots increased 5.06,0.02,5.62,20.55 mg/kg,respectively,while PH decreased by 0.11.The soil organic matter,total N,available P and available K from cutting Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.plots increased 10.15,0.05,5.82,28.06 mg/kg,respectively,while PH decreased by 0.18.The results indicated that the adaptability and the effects of improving soil of Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.were better than those of Amorpha fruticosa L..It was worth to promot the application of slope protection technique by shrub vegetation and pine wood piles which was very efficient in water and soil conservation.


Article history: Received: June 01, 2019 Revised: July 27, 2019 Accepted: September 06, 2019 A set of laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of using a Strip Guide Flow Panel device to reduce scour process effects around a bridge pier. Three cylindrical piers of different diameter values and three different Strip Guide Flow Panel devices were used. Every Strip Guide Flow Panel device is simulated by two arms connected together at one of their edges at a right angle. The length of every arm is selected in a way to cover the pier diameter. Every Strip Guide Flow Panel was mounted on the upstream face of the corresponding cylindrical pier diameter at elevation adjacent to the flume bed. A uniform sized sediment were used as a bed material. Based on the experimental data, an acceptable range of scour reduction efficiency (35.71–66.67%) and high hydraulic safety factors were obtained when using Strip Guide Flow Panel. Also it is found that the scour depth when using Strip Guide Flow Panel is small comparing with corresponding potential and maximum scour depth values. So it can be concluded that the Strip Guide Flow Panel device can work like a turbulence kinetic energy dissipater to reduce the risk of scour around the pier during the serviceability life of bridge structure.


Brazil presents favorable conditions for the use of wind energy, increasing even more the current power production with renewable energy sources. Currently, the installed capacity is approximately 700MW, even though it has a potential of about 150GW, and in order to step further in the more dynamic way into the usage of this energy, it is necessary that the country present specific politics for the scientific and technological development of wind energy in Brazil, allowing technological resource exchange and creating mechanisms for professional development. The present paper describes activities and the results obtained to testing small. wind turbines in laboratory including methodology for evaluation of static bending test and cyclic loads for small wind turbines using as references standards and procedures.


Boron rich chalcogenides have been predicted to have excellent properties for optical and mechanical applications in recent times. In this regard, we report the electronic, optical and mechanical properties of recently synthesized boron rich chalcogenide compounds, B12X (X = S and Se) using density functional theory for the first time. The effects of exchange and correlation functional on these properties are also investigated. The consistency of the obtained crystal structure with the reported experimental results has been checked in terms of lattice parameters.The considered materials are mechanically stable, brittle and elastically anisotropic. Furthermore, the elastic moduli and hardness parameters are calculated, which show that B12S is likely to be a prominent member of hard materials family compared to B12Se. The origin of different in hardness is explained on the basis of density of states near the Fermi level. Reasonably good values of fracture toughness and machinability index for B12X (X= S and Se) are reported. The melting point, Tm for the B12S and B12Se compounds suggests that both solids are stable, at least up to 4208 and 3577 K, respectively. Indirect band gap of B12S (2.27 eV) and B12Se (1.30 eV) are obtained using the HSE06 functional. The energy gap using LDA and GGA are found to be significantly lower. The electrons of B12Se compound show lighter average effective mass compared to that of B12S compound, which signifies higher mobility of charge carriers in B12Se. The optical properties such as dielectric function, refractive index, absorption coefficient, reflectivity and loss function are characterized using GGA-PBE and HSE06 method and discussed in detail. These compounds possess bulk optical anisotropy and excellent absorption coefficients in visible light region along with very low static value of reflectivity spectra (range: 7.42-14.0% using both functionals) are noted. Such useful features of the compounds under investigation show promise for applications in optoelectronic and mechanical sectors.


Ca2RuO4 is a multi-band Mott transition system with a ground state that is known to be sensitive to external perturbations, such as chemical substitution, pressure, strain and electric fields. In this work I utilize such sensitivity to determine its electronic structure evolution by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) as the system is driven across the metal-insulator transition by doping, temperature and uniaxial strain.


In vibration-based damage detection problems, sensitivity-based techniques are applicable and robust approaches for detecting and identifying damage in civil and mechanical engineering systems. A salient characteristic of a well-established sensitivity function is its ability to detect damage by itself without using any mathematical solution methods. This article, therefore, presents a novel modal sensitivity function based on a combination of fundamental dynamic equations. The proposed sensitivity function is associated with the mode shape that is established by combining the eigenvalue problem and orthogonality conditions. The main contribution of the proposed function is its sensitivity to damage and applying a few dynamic and physical characteristics for formulating the sensitivity matrix. A high compatibility with incomplete modal parameters is another innovation of the proposed sensitivity function that makes it as an applicable approach for using in vibration-based applications. To demonstrate the accuracy and capability of the proposed sensitivity function, the numerical model of the ASCE SHM benchmark structure is applied. Results show that the proposed function has a reliable sensitivity to damage and can detect damage without solving the damage equation by any mathematical solution methods.


The World Bank Group remains deeply committed to helping countries push as far and as fast as possible toward all of the goals. Yet despite all our best efforts, there will be unfinished business when 2015 ends. Too many people will be dying from preventable causes because they lack access to essential, quality care; or because they can't afford to pay for the care they need. Investing in health, and achieving universal health coverage, will help us achieve the development goals to end extreme poverty by 2030 and boost shared prosperity. We have an unprecedented opportunity to achieve these goals and change millions of lives for the better.


This paper is in an attempt to analyze the character traits in a selection of Chinese drama Sunrise and illustrate the character relationships by discourse analysis,especially by co-operation principles,politeness principles and turn-taking.The aim of the paper is to show that pragmatics theory and approach can,in some degree,offer a new perspective to the studies of drama which may help readers to understand the drama woks and characters more accurately.


The disclosed energy recovery osmosis or desalination system is capable of production of the present invention comprises a first semi-permeable membrane filtration plants for the production of fresh water to the first inlet water; A pressure pump which supplies the as a first influent to the first semi-permeable membrane plant by applying pressure to the first solution to be introduced; The first semi-transmissive first pressure exchanger membrane by passing the concentrated water from the pressure in the equipment to the first solution to the first semi-permeable membrane covering a certain pressure required for filtration; Said first pressure to further pressurizing the first solution that received the pressure of the concentrated water supplied to the first semi-permeable membrane equipment through a pressure exchanger transmission means; The first semi-permeable membrane a second solution of a lower salinity than the concentration of the plant are introduced as a second influent, the number of the concentrate enters the osmotic induction solution, osmotic energy by the density difference between the concentrated water and a second inlet water to generate, in response to the osmotic energy generated and the flow of the solvent to be the concentration direction generated by the second solution, the second semi-permeable membrane to the concentration of the concentrate was diluted and increasing the volume containing the osmotic energy a second semi-permeable membrane equipment for generating the effluent; And a second pressure exchanger to transfer the generation of energy or pressure of the effluent of the first solution.


One definition, system build and decoding of composite virtual channels advantageously supports dynamic channel and event replaced. A method for obtaining a program transmitted on more than one channel decoder, comprising generating a program guide display. The program guide displays a list of broadcast during the period designated broadcast channels over a plurality of broadcast programs, and a particular program listed on the first and second broadcast channel. Specific program is acquired from a user in response to the first broadcast channel selection of one of the first and second broadcast channel. Priority channel is a plurality of images on a broadcast channel for an alternative program to replace one of the first program.


The development of resistance to chemical insecticides among mosquito species has been considered as a setback in vector control. Therefore, researchers have diverted their attention towards natural products of plant origin with insecticidal properties for control of insects pests and vectors. Papaya (Carica papaya), an herbaceous fruit crop belonging to the family Caricaceae, has garnered popularity among researchers due to its nutritional and pharmaceutical value. Our study aimed to determined the larvicidal effect of aqueus extracts of seed and peel of Carica papaya. The results shows that the seed and peel extracts has a larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. The seed extracts has a higher larvicidal activity than peel extracts. This migh be de due the effect of pyhtochemical constituent in extract suc as flavonoid, alkaloid and tannin. From this study indicate that the aqueuous extracts of seed and peel of Carica papaya showed potential larvicidal activity for Aedes aegypti. Further studies might be needed for the used of this extracts for eco-friendly vector control programs especially for Aedes aegypti. 


Abstract Three new species of Stenopogon Loew, S. Cinchonaensis, tp. nov., S. Manit, sp. nov. and S. Mysorensis, sp. nov., and one new species of Michotamia Macquart, M. Indiana, sp. nov., are described and figured. Keys. to tho Indian species of both genera are given.


In the given paper the authors have considered two approaches of the multi-version data modeling in train schedule information systems, based on the different forms of data presentation: point and interval forms correspondingly. The method of the interval data transformation in the point form is proposed. It is realized using SQL tools. The received results are applied in the information system of the inland train traffic schedule on the Latvian Railway.


In this article, we present the results of a research project aiming at providing information in real time to the users of public transportation. We show that new innovating services can be developed and can offer an access, with a good quality of service (with an average or big bandwidth), to information, multi-media contents and databases. This project merges innovating technologies to transmit information: Wi-Fi network inside of the buses and satellite communications to update on board information. This article describes the software choices and indicates the future improvements for the system.


Chronic left ventricular overload and left heart failure were produced by an aortic-left atrial shunt and superimposed aortic constriction. With the shunt alone, plasma renin activity and sodium balance were normal. Superimposed aortic constriction produced a further elevation in left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), increased plasma renin activity and sodium retention occurred. Seven dogs died in pulmonary edema within a week, but nine others recovered with a return in plasma renin activity and sodium excretion to normal. Five of these nine dogs that survived the acute effects of aortic stenosis developed pulmonary edema at least 7 days after aortic constriction; LVEDP was markedly elevated, plasma renin activity was high and sodium retention occurred. Six other dogs with chronic left ventricular overload, but not retaining sodium, were given deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA), 15 mg/day, to study the response in renal sodium excretion. In two of the dogs, LVEDP was below 35 mm Hg and the normal "escape" pattern, characterized by return of sodium excretion to the normal control level, was observed. However, in the other four animals, LVEDP was above 35 mm Hg, escape failed to occur and marked sodium retention resulted; a further elevation of LVEDP was observed and pulmonary edema occurred on four occasions. The failure of dogs with marked elevation of LVEDP to escape from DOCA indicates that other factors in addition to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are involved in the sodium retention of left ventricular failure.


A method was developed for the determination of arbutin in pomegranate juice concentrate by solid phase extraction(SPE)and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).Samples were diluted by water and then cleanup with HLB and aminopropyl SPE columns.UPLC was performed on a BEH Amide column(100mm×2.1mm,1.7μm)using a gradient acetonitrile-water system as mobile phase,and MS/MS was performed with multiple reation monitoring(MRM)mode using m/z 271.2108.0 as quantitative ion pair and m/z 271.2160.9 as qualitative ion pair.Quantitation was carried out using an external standard method.The detection limit of arbutin was 0.006mg/kg and the calibration curves were linear at the range of 0.004~0.2mg/L with linear correlation coefficient as 0.9994.The recoveries ranged from 80.6% to 108.1% with relative standard deviations less than 8.3%.The results of sample cleanup were well,and the determination method was simple,fast and sufficient.It was suitable for quantitative and qualitative analysis of arbutin in pomegranate juice concentrate.


Nanocrystalline TiB_2/Fe_3 Al composite powders have been synthesized by mechanical alloying and subsequent heat-treatment of Fe-Al-Ti-B quaternary elemental powders.The microstructure and properties of the nanocrystalline powders were examined by X-ray diffractometer(XRD),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM) etc.The supersaturation solid solution of Fe(Al,Ti,B)was firstly formed and then transformed into an amorphous state during the milling process.The order degree and grain size were continuously decreased.After milling for 40 h,the crystalline size of the Fe(Al,Ti,B)solid solution was 9.6 nm.The composite powders were decomposited into Fe_3Al and TiB_2 nanocrystalline during subsequent heat-treatment.The grain size and structural order degree of Fe_3 Al and TiB_2 increased during beat-treatment.


Objective Explored dangerous factors of emergent plague and countermeasure. Methods Comprensived analysis from the domestic rat plague foci prevailing trend andfaced with dangerous factors. Results There were possibility on the epidemic,especiallyin inputed and resurgence. Conclusions Sound monitor nets ,strengthening surveilanceand earnestly implement the measures were the keys. The rodent entering GuangDong from the outside must be strictly forbiden ,especially Marmot.On guard against in therailroad ,hightway,port and airport.


There are 840 locality agricultural science research institutes in China,which is 80% of agricultural science research organizations,have 90% of scientific research personnel.They have given full play to the initiative of acting on researching,popularizing,training and leading agricultural science in the locality,for instance 70% of improved breeds are selected by them.But,along with the economic social developing and changing,the present situation of locality agricultural science research institutes in science innovation system is grave: lacking science research input,weakening skilled personnel troops,short-time planning on agricultural science research,lower translation of agricultural scientific and technological achievement.The paper discusses the way of the agricultural science research institutes mechanism change under the new situation: building scientific and rational operation mechanism,strengthening locality characteristic function of locality agricultural science research institutes,setting up qualified scientists and technicians with the least delay,augmenting science innovation.


The present invention provides an electronic endoscope apparatus. Clock phase side phase comparison unit (130) comparing the image processor and the display-side synchronization signal, and to side oscillation clock generating section (129) controls the display of the result of the comparison. Display timing adjusting unit (122) adjusting the timing synchronization timing of the received image signal within the processor based on the imaging side of the synchronization signal outputted from the endoscope video signal (101) from the received display based on the processor side synchronization timing synchronization signal.


Ecological imperialism is one of the most enduring models of past global environmental change. This essay argues that the application of ecological imperialism as an explanation for New World environmental change should not be limited to temperate regions where the process was so spectacularly successful. Using the Canadian North as a broad regional template, our analysis suggests that consideration of both the failures and the limited successes of ecological imperialism are critical to a more complete understanding of global colonialism. Although the Canadian North was never subject to the broad ecological transformation that occurred further to the south, attempts to colonize particular regions did occur in tandem with the successful introduction of alien species. Ecological imperialism need not be conceptualized solely as an all-encompassing process of biological transformation. Instead, efforts to colonize peripheral nontemperate regions can be understood as a product of a limited application of ecological imperialism in a New World environment.


With the advancements in science and the field of medicine, it has become a reality that people are living longer in contrast to the earlier trends of life expectancy. The current review was carried out to explore the integration of geriatric competencies in the medical education curriculum. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out in the PubMed search engine, and a total of five articles were selected based upon the suitability with the current review objectives and analyzed. As it is quite obvious that in the years to come all the medical doctors will encounter a large number of elderly patients with physical, psychological, and other social concerns, it becomes indispensable to expose them to different geriatric competencies during the undergraduate period of training. We must also accept that elderly population requires a different approach and the better and long-term approach will be to expose the undergraduate medical students in this domain and prepare them for their future clinical practice. This integration into the existing curriculum has to start with the formulation of geriatric competencies that need to be covered in the undergraduation period followed by curriculum mapping. In conclusion, regardless of the rise in the number of the elderly, the medical education imparted to undergraduate medical students lacks alignment. This calls for the need to expose the medical students to different learning experiences in geriatrics and prepare them to not only meet the specific needs of the elderly but also address the concern of shortage of geriatricians.


Medicinal plants are the local heritage with universal importance. World is gifted with a rich wealth of medicinal plants. Herbs have always been the principal source of medicine in India and presently they are becoming popular throughout the world. Plants have played a significant role in maintaining the quality of human life for thousands of years and served humans as with cosmetics dyes and medicines. Traditional medicine is the oldest method of curing diseases and infection and various plants have been used in different parts of the world to treat human diseases and infection. Medicinal plants are known to owe their curative potentials through certain biologically active substances which exist in different parts of the plants. The major lacuna is the lack of proper identification and information about the medicinal plants. Justicia tranquebariensis belongs to the family Acanthaceae. Mostly the leaves are used for the medical purpose. It is one of the most important herbs being used in Ayurvedic system of medicine. Predominantly, the leaves are used for several medicinal purposes. A wide variety of biologically active constituents such as Phytosterol, Flavonoids, Glycosides, Steroids and Phytosteriods, Coumarins, Cardiac Glycosides, Glycosides, Terpenoids, Carbohydrate, Amino Acids, Gums and Mudilage, Saponins, oil and fats are present in this plant. It exhibits antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antihelmethic, cardioprotective, antiulcerogenic, bronchial asthma, anti-arthritic and antimicrobial activities. This review will focus on the phytochemical constituents isolated from the plants and phytopharmacological properties of different parts of Justicia tranquebariensis.


Objective To evaluate clinic applications in restoring residual crowns of posterior teeth with fiber posts. Methods 124 residual crowns of posterior teeth were randomly divided into group A and group B, group A were treated with fiber posts and group B were treated with casting metal posts respectively. Each group was followed up for 2~3 years. Results 4 cases were found loosen, together with 3 teeth fractures in group B, only one tooth fracture was found in group A. However,there was no significant statistical difference between them. Conclusion There is no significant difference of retention between fiber post and casting metal post,fiber post present prospective clinic application in restoring residual crown of posterior teeth.


We propose a model for describing diffusion-controlled aggregation of particles that are continually deposited on a surface. The model incorporates deposition, diffusion, and aggregation. We find that the diffusion and aggregation of randomly deposited particles ``builds'' a wide variety of fractal structures, all characterized by a common length scale ${\mathit{L}}_{1}$. This length ${\mathit{L}}_{1}$ scales as the ratio of the diffusion constant over the particle flux to the power 1/4. We compare our results with several recent experiments on two-dimensional nanostructures formed by diffusion-controlled aggregation on surfaces.


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This essay looks at the French Wars of Religion, specifically the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre and the relationship that it has to religious conflict. Looking at the religious elements of violence within this massacre attempts to show that both Protestant and Catholic leaders, followers, and significant figure of the time, like the King and Catharine de Medici, used religious upheaval as a way to condone the violence that ensued during the late 1560s and early 1570s. Using both primary and secondary sources, this essay looks at 'Religious nationalism' and its role in the blood shed of the Massacre. The tensions between the two sects of religion were growing, St. Bartholomew's Day is an example of when this tension became too much. Looking closely at the people involved and the events that took place, violence and religion are clearly intertwined.


(57) Abstract: manufacturing fiber preforms composite material brake disks are produced by interconnecting overlapping two fibrous layers. Structural fiber layer (10) and used to form at least a first preform member to constitute the fiber reinforcement of the core of the brake disc, whereas, the pre-forming the fiber reinforcement of the friction member of the brake disk thereby constituting the adjacent portion of at least the friction surface of the specific or each member of the form of felt (16, 18).


ABSTRACT Schools reflect society and societies reflect the schooling of their citizens. Amidst the Covid Pandemic, the failures of many nations to respond effectively and in an equitable manner have been on display for the world. The authors highlight the failure of neoliberal educational policies to create compassionate societies and propose a radical overhaul of Western schooling. Using Leithwood's four paths model to frame their proposal, the authors offer guidance for principals to create schools modelled on care and compassion that may help to ameliorate the societal ills on display in nations such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. To accomplish this, a new understanding of community and conscience must emerge that draws from lessons learned prior to industrialisation, technological advances and a singular focus on self-interest.


With the development of the international trade and the whole world fierce competition for markets,Technical Barrier to Trade(TBT)is more and more used as a new means of trade protection by developed countries.This makes it more difficult for our export,and hinders the normal development of international trade.Facing this kind of challenge,our country has some defects,such as poor quality commodities,and it is that which makes us in a depresses state in the international trade.Therefore,something has to be done to overcome TBT,including building a perfect information system and so on.Thus we can promote the development of world trade.


The increase in the number of risks during the last decades triggers governments to search for the best ways to avert or mitigate these risks. Palestinian Government is working in an unpredictable environment that rafts with risks and uncertainty due to the political instability and restrictions of occupation. Although there are many risks that may face Palestinian institutions, this study focuses on two main interconnected ones. These two are the cut-off or decrease of the subsidies from international donors and the non-transfer of clearance revenues to the Palestinian National Authority by the Israeli Government. The likelihood of occurrence of these two risks and their impacts on the performance of the Palestinian institutions is pretty high. This study recommends a set of measures to decrease the effect of these two risks.


Objective To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C(VEGF-C) in human non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and to elucidate its roles in lymph node metastasis and prognosis evaluation. Methods The expression of VEGF-C was examined in 50 NSCLC specimens and 20 archival surgical specimens of human pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor tissues by immunohistochemistry. Results The positive rate of VEGF-C expression in NSCLC and inflammatory pseudotumor was 44% and 5% respectively. There was significant difference in VEGF-C expression between the two groups. The expression rate of VEGF-C in NSCLC was significantly higher in the patients with lymph node metastasis (66 7%) than that in the patients without lymph node metastasis (23 1%, P0 01). The patients of NSCLC with a positive VEGF-C expression had a significantly short survival period than those with a negative VEGF-C expression. There was no significant correlation between the VEGF-C expression and the pathological type of NSCLC, T factor in the clinical stages by TNM, the ages,the sexes or the smoking indexes of the patients with NSCLC. Conclusion VEGF-C may play an important role in the lymph node metastasis and the prognosis of NSCLC.


PIAGET's theory of the construction of the object in infancy is examined critically. It is found that his notion of perceptual tableaux' used to describe the experience of the young infant, is contrad


The present invention provides a cured body of excellent heat resistance and cold resistance and a high strength, high transparency, and can be used for bonding glass, metal and resin, and thus can be manufactured at low cost polyorganosiloxane was cured body of the composition, method of producing the composition, and the composition is in the preparation of an adhesive; polyorganosiloxane composition comprising (a) at least one end of the molecule has been silanol-modified polyorganosiloxane and (B) with respect to 1 mol of said polyorganosiloxane is from 0.5 mol to 4.0 mol of the metal alkoxide, and a molecular weight polyethylene fraction of the mass of organosiloxane average (Mw) of 1,000 or less, the metal alkoxide is titanium alkoxide or tin alkoxide, the polyorganosiloxane composition is produced by a production method including the following steps, this step is: having a metal with oxygen in the range of between connecting metal alkoxide (M) to silicon (Si) MO-Si bond, polyorganosiloxane and a metal alkoxide stirring step, and the polyorganosiloxane composition by oxygen having a connection between a metal alkoxide of metal (M) and silicon (Si) Up MO-Si bonds.


A new pyrrole-substituted terpyridine derivative that possesses an allene moiety was obtained as an "unexpected" sole product during an attempt to alkylate the N-atom of pyrrole with propargyl bromide in order to obtain an alkyne-functionalized terpyridine.


A walking programme, recipe ideas and weight monitoring may be useful components when designing a postpartum lifestyle intervention. Barriers to engagement are evident and the intervention should allow women to engage at a time that is appropriate for them.


The current state of the ecological and economic situation, the presence of global problems determine the need to change the values of the developing society regarding the socio-cultural results of human activity in terms of ecohumanistic criteria for its assessment. This circumstance is due to the social educational order, which is associated with the education and training of young people who are able to think economically in accordance, but at the same time have a sufficiently high level of culture of positive relationships with the environment. Against the background of the high dynamism of the spread of information and communication technologies for the implementation of positive creative processes, the problem of optimal management of the economy and natural resource potential is becoming increasingly relevant, therefore, a professional manager, being a subject of the management subsystem, must be ready to balance the components of the socio-ecological and economic system. The ongoing ecological and economic crisis requires the development of new approaches to solving emerging problems that are adequate to the current state of social development. The design of the digital ecosystem of the educational space in the process of ecological and economic training of managers with an emphasis on their personal development creates favorable conditions for the transition to the internal locus of control, self-control of the student's personality, which, in contrast to the traditional external control of the educational system, is expressed in the ability to reflect and make balanced ecological and economic management decisions and bear full responsibility for them.


OTR has been widely investigated in the literature as an electron beam diagnostic tool in the high energy region (E>50 MeV). At lower energy both the model of OTR emission and the experimental observation of the phenomena require a different and more complex approach. Nevertheless the information which can be drawn from OTR spectra at these low energies play a relevant role in new injectors. In this paper we present and discuss the theoretical work carried out in the last year to provide a suitable background to OTR measurements at energies below 50 MeV.


The cyclometallation reactions of N-benzylidene-benzylamines, -anilines and -propylamine with palladium acetate have been studied in acetic acid solution. Carbon–hydrogen electrophilic bond activation occurs to produce different types of metallacycles, given the polyfunctional nature of the ligands selected. The cyclometallated compounds formed indicate that the stability of the final species is, with respect to the activated C–H bond, in the order: five-membered aromatic endo > six-membered aliphatic endo > five-membered aromatic exo, >>> five-membered exo, four-membered. The nature of the final cyclometallated compounds in acetic acid solution has been ascertained via1H NMR spectroscopy; as a whole the spectra are complex, indicating that the nature of the cyclometallated species in solution is not simple, and that a wide variety of compounds is present depending on the imine used. The metallation reactions have been monitored kinetically via UV/VIS spectroscopy at different temperatures and pressures in order to establish the mechanism through which these acid-assisted reactions occur. Although the thermal activation parameters cover a wide range of values (ΔH‡ = 49 to 73 kJ mol–1, ΔS
 ‡ = –52 to –138 J K–1 mol–1), the activation volume is in a very narrow range, –15 ± 3 cm3 mol–1. The results are interpreted as the formation of a highly ordered four-centred transition state, involving the C–H and Pd–O (acetato) bonds, which is found to be very sensitive to the presence of any protons that could enhance the leaving-group characteristics of the MeCO2H ligand, converting it into its protonated MeCO2H2+ form.


The effect of decoupled front/back textures and the application of photonic and plasmonic nanostructures on the performance of thin silicon solar cells was studied. New light trapping concepts based on diffraction on periodic photonic nanostructures and scattering using plasmonic structures have potential to outperform the currently used randomly textured structures. The study demonstrates that supporting layers of solar cells, such as transparent conductive oxides, doped layers and back reflectors, are responsible for significant parasitic absorption losses that prevent achieving 4n2 enhancement of light absorption in solar cells with silicon absorbers.


Automatic classification of schizophrenia patients based on
their 3-D MRI data is introduced here. The algorithm is built
up from 2DPCA for data reduction and the k-NN or centroid
classifier. The main advantage of the algorithm lies in its low
memory requirements.


In this paper, we briefly examine network synchronisation as proposed for the SECOAS project with the purpose of oceanographic monitoring using a collegiate-managed autonomous network of energy-conscious wireless sensors. We discuss the specific characteristics of a novel protocol SSSNP (Self-Synchronised Sensor Network Protocol) that provides energy savings and facilitates collegiate interaction. We argue that the stateless self-synchronisation techniques and the adaptive control of interference used in SSSNP contribute to substantial energy savings in wireless sensor networks.


Through field research,GIS technology and comparison with other cities,the following conclusions are drawn: ① Spatial distribution of large supermarkets in metropolis is generally dispersed while spatial distribution of large supermarkets in west medium and small cities is more concentrated in city centre;different from large supermarkets being generally located in sub-level business center between CBD and residential areas in metropolis,large supermarkets in west medium and small cities are generally located in land of which price is the highest;there is no essential difference between different type cities on transport accessibility and surroundings of large supermarkets.② Service radiuses of large supermarkets are both lower than those stipulated by Department of Commerce in metropolis and medium cities and there are intense competitions of large supermarkets in various cities.③ In this study,residents prefer a large supermarket shopping in medium-sized city,but radiuses of small and medium sized supermarket are more reasonable.


Inexpensive, providing a fluororubber molded article excellent in the fuel barrier property to alcohol-containing fuels. A fluororubber molded article obtained by molding together with crosslinking the crosslinkable composition containing the fluoroelastomer (A) and fluoroelastomer (B), fluoroelastomer (A) is a tetrafluoroethylene units, CF


Now in its fourth iteration with a 2030 report and measures, the Healthy North Carolina decennial initiative has galvanized the state and its diverse public health partners to develop, work toward, and track progress on a common set of health objectives for North Carolina.


Abstract : The Body of Knowledge and Curriculum to Advance Systems Engineering (BKCASE(TM)) team comprised of about 50 systems engineering experts around the world, is in the process of developing two products: a Guide to the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK) followed by a Graduate Reference Curriculum for Systems Engineering (GRCSE(TM)). Versions 1.0 of the two products are due out by fall 2012, preceded by two annual interim reviews. This paper reviews the knowledge areas and curriculum guidelines addressed in the initial draft versions of these products. A framework for categorizing the alignment of systems engineering programs to GRCSE is presented. Based on their categorization as initial, emerging, developed or highly developed, programs can design a strategy for further systems engineering curriculum development. The paper ends with a request for reviewers to participate in the upcoming open (public) GRCSE version 0.5 review scheduled to begin year end 2011.


This paper, which is a project report, is realised within the scope of the course "Datamining, Machine Learning and Scientific Dis- covery". Since the amount of data on the databases nowadays is increas- ing, to the size of tera bytes, the need of understanding and analysing them increases as well. In the field of data mining and knowledge dis- covery there are a lot of techniques that are used to analyse the data. We focus here only on one of them, the clustering. Clustering classifies the data into groups according to their similarities. Imagine a group of scientists sitting at a central location, the "base". They want to analyse the data about the weather forecast that was collected at the weather station centres around the world. To do that, they would need to bring all this data together to the "base" and there then analyse it. But, the time and the transmission cost should be taken into account when transferring the data from the weather station centres to the "base" and analysing it, especially when huge amounts of data are involved (which normaly is the case). Considering this the scientists would try to use fast and ecient


With the increase of city center substations and enhancement of people's living environment requirements,noise nuisance and complaints from residents are becoming more severe. To address this issue,first of all,we studied the substation noise characteristics,and found that larger frequency components of the substation noiseenergy are mainly concentrated below 500 Hz,and they are also integral multiples of 100 Hz. These characteristic signals are relatively stable over time,and will not be mutated. In the light of the deficiencies of traditional substation noise passive control method,this article presents an improved variable step size LMS adaptive filtering algorithm combined with the adaptive active noise control technology. By simulating,we verify the performance of the improved algorithm and process the measured data by using the improved algorithm. The results show that the noise reduction algorithm can achieve satisfactory results. This article focuses on the substation noise signature and improvs the variable step size LMS adaptive filtering algorithm.


Abstract This paper analyses developments in production structures in pre-crisis and during the crisis years in the range of EU 'peripheral economies' (i.e. the lower- and medium-income economies in the South and the Centre/East). The emphasis is on the development of the tradable sector (and manufacturing in particular) relative to non-tradable sectors and whether these are reflected in longer-term trade imbalances. Different groups of economies emerge, some with a strong manufacturing base, others with a very weak one. We investigate whether and to which extent structural readjustments took place during the crisis years and also analyse in detail relative unit labour cost (ULC) developments across sectors. A decomposition analysis shows that ULC developments are mainly driven during the crisis by output and employment adjustments (rather than by labour compensation) posing the question of whether capacity contraction effects might make 'weak economies' in the EU's periphery even more 'trade balance constrained' in the wake of the crisis.


This research aimed to analyze the actions developed by the Projeto Escola Aberta in five state schools in Rio Grande do Sul, seeking to understand how the participants have perceived the Project and their own participation in the activities developed on the weekends. This investigation has also aimed to identify the kinds of activities and the responsibility for their coordination. This article discusses four aspects that stood out in the analysis of the Escola Aberta actions : a) the meaning attributed by the communities to the use of the schools on weekends; b) the directors' roles in the opening of the schools to the communities; c) the relationship between permanence in school and reduction of violence; d) the voluntary characteristic of the Project actions. The qualitative method was adopted in this research. The whole field work was developed in 2006. This study has showed that the populations who live around the schools have a strong desire to realize the activities on weekends, confirming the institutions as leisure centers which serve, at the same time, for both diversion and formation.


This work studied the photocatalytic activity improvement of ZnO doped with Cu ion and tried to illustrate the crucial photocatalytic enhancement factors. The structural and morphological properties of synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It showed that the crystal lattice parameters of ZnO were not affected by the doping manner. However, the crystallite size was slightly decreased in the doped sample. Furthermore, the visible photocatalytic activity of the doped sample was enhanced in comparison with that of the undoped ZnO, so that the reaction rate constants of ZnO and ZnO:Cu were 0.00528 and 0.00968 min, respectively. This work also showed that narrowing bandgap did not contribute into the enhanced photocatalytic activity rather than visible light absorption capacity and recombination rate.


Speaker identification and verification systems have a poor performance when model training is done in one language while the testing is done in another. This situation is not unusual in multilingual environments, where people should be able to access the system in any language he or she prefers in each moment, without noticing a performance drop. In this work we study the possibility of using features derived from prosodic parameters in order to reinforce the language robustness of these systems. First the features' properties in terms of language and session variability are studied, predicting an increase in the language robustness when frame-wise intonation and energy values are combined with traditional MFCC features. The experimental results confirm that these features provide an improvement in the speaker recognition rates under language-mismatch conditions. The whole study is carried out in the Basque Country, a bilingual region in which Basque and Spanish languages co-exist.


Greenhouse feeding, Fixed-point monitoring of two years and classification survey were used for studying dynamic distribution of banana Basilepta fulvipes in hekou. the results show that harm of banana Basilepta fulvipes closely associated with humidity, temperature, and in proportion to the field growth and decline regularity which harm was happened. The humidity and temperature during December to March next year is lowest in a year, its harm rate and pest index is lowest,it is only between 0~3.08%and 0~0.77. the temperature was very high in May to September, but the rainfall only in May to June and August to September are most, which appeared twice peak, harm rate and pest index reached two peeks.The harm rate were 28.67 ~57.22% and 31.56 ~32.78%.The pest index were 7.17 ~14.61 and 7.58 ~8.22. The Basilepta fulvipes has three generations, generations overlap, adult emergence in May, June,August and early November, the maximum peak between the May and June. The adult's occurrence regularity are positive correlation between the greenhouse and the field.The distribution difference of heat and rainfall are obviously which affect the population dynamics distribution and harm of Basilepta fulvipes in different areas. the harm degree of the banana Basilepta fulvipes from serious to slight is east, west then south central. In addition tohe occurrence of mountain temperature inversion mostly appears in south central, the higher the altitude, the lower temperature, the more number of species breeding, the heavier harm under the condition of normal rainfall..


This paper examines the access of urban farmers to land, water and inputs for urban agriculture (UA) towards household food security, employment creation and income generation in Dodoma municipality. A cross-sectional survey was employed involving 300 urban farmers from both squatter and non-squatter settlements. Structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, key informants, observations and documentary review were used to collect data relevant for the study. Based on the analysis of this study, urban farmers are constrained by land tenure insecurity, erratic water access and inadequate inputs for optimizing plot productivity and ambivalent application of urban legislative frameworks. The study found that no support has been given to urban farmers to enable them to have access to land, water and inputs in order to practice UA. The apparent lack of political will necessary to promote access to land, water and inputs for UA is reflected in weak or absent policy frameworks, resulting in an enormous capacity deficit. Policy makers and planners need information for planning and managing access of urban farmers to land, water and inputs for UA.

 Key words: Urban agriculture, urban farmers, access, land, water, inputs.


ABSTRACT Reliable estimation of water content above the transition zone in oil reservoirs is of fundamental importance in calculating reserves. A major objective of this study is to record the amounts of water in several carbonate oil reservoirs and to evaluate possible factors causing variations in water content. Over 2000 measurements from oil-base cores are used. Water above the transition zone, expressed as a percentage of rock bulk-volume (SBVW) decreases with porosity decrease for carbonate samples with less than about 7 per cent porosity. Limestone samples tend to contain more water than dolomite samples of equivalent porosity. In contrast with the water-saturation data for carbonate rocks, SBVW appears to increase with porosity decrease for a suite of Cretaceous clastic rocks. Capillary pressure measurements and visual observation of pore casts from carbonate samples show that pore size and number, and therefore also surface area, tend to decrease as porosity decreases. Decrease of surface area with decrease of porosity also is shown to be the most probable relationship from theoretical considerations of pore geometry. Little is known about the form or distribution of water in pores above the transition zone; however, for several models considered, it seems probable that water content would correlate positively with surface area or with the number of pores per unit rock volume, which would correlate with surface area. If water content is related to surface area, the decrease in surface area with decrease in porosity, below about 7 per cent, is consistent with the observed tendency for SBVW to decrease as porosity decreases. Dolomites have less water than limestones of equivalent porosity because large pores or vugs, having small area-to-volume ratios, are more abundant in dolomite samples. Similarly, samples with over 7 per cent porosity tend to have large vugs in greater abundance, and water content does not increase proportionately with porosity increase because area-to-volume ratios are less. Increasing water (SBVW) with decreasing porosity in the clastic sediments may result from the larger surface area associated with more numerous small pores in finer-grained, lower-porosity samples.


specifically, play in the politics of western states? Although Herbst covers both school issues and politics well, he does not connect the dots between them. A second issue worth further consideration is the meaning of education in a context of racial and cultural conflict. Herbst duly documents the antipathy of white settlers to Native Americans, for example in an 1884 petition in which 'prominent businessmen' objected to 'the continual quartering of a useless, idle, predatory and dangerous band of savages ... on a strip of land known as the Southern Ute reservation' (p. 59). He also provides ample documentation of the inflammatory public rhetoric that led to the expulsion of Chinese workers from Silverton in 1901, as indicated by the following poem published by the Silverton Standard: And soon to all the outside world this message will be sent: We've whitened up old Silverton and the Chinaman 'has went.' (p. 132) This poem was published a year before the town proudly graduated its first (allfemale) high school class. What did the high school mean in this context? More specifically, what does it mean to identify the small number of white women who taught in such schools as bringing 'culture to the Wild West'? Herbst never really spells out this claim. These and other questions can fruitfully be pursued with reference to the New Western History. Unfortunately, Herbst invokes this literature without making much use of it in analysing his material. His study nonetheless is an important building block for such scholarship in the future. Although the New Western History, now three decades old, is substantial and has been synthesised in textbook surveys, it so far includes virtually no work on the history of education. Herbst's account of early schooling in a mining region of Colorado is an important contribution to research on that largely untapped subject.


Introduction: The post-traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is a particular lesion in traumatology, which may go undetected in the acute phase of the trauma. Its detection is then often made following a digestive or respiratory complication. Acute intestinal occlusion is one of the complications revealing a strangulated diaphragmatic hernia. Case Presentation: 37-years-old patient with acute intestinal occlusion syndrome. His history included a closed thoracoabdominal trauma following a vehicular accident three years ago. The thoracoabdominal CT scan showed a distension of the haemic coves, transverse and ascending colon above a strangulation of the left colonic angle through a left diaphragmatic defect, with left pleural effusion of high abundance, responsible for a pulmonary collapse. The diagnosis retained is an intestinal occlusion on a strangulated post-traumatic left diaphragmatic hernia. Surgical exploration showed a distension of the hail and colic coves above a strangulated left diaphragmatic hernia with necrotic transverse colic content. The patient has benefited of a hernia reduction with transverse colic resection removing the necrotic colon and suture of the diaphragmatic breach. The evolution was favorable. Conclusion: The eventuality of a diaphragmatic hernia must always be suggested in case of violent thoraco abdominal trauma. Among the causes of intestinal occlusion, the strangulation of a diaphragmatic hernia should be considered, especially if there is a history of thoracoabdominal trauma.


Lambs of ewes with a high maternal behaviour score (MBS) located the udder in less time after birth than lambs of low MBS ewes. Rapid location of the udder increased immunoglobulin concentration in lamb plasma 24 hours after birth and may contribute to the improved lamb survival and growth (ewe productivity) associated with high MBS ewes.