Received: 14 Feb. 2016 Accepted: 29 August 2018 Extended Abstract Paper pages (85-94) Introduction Statistical analysis of the data on the Earth's surface was a favorite subject among many researchers. Such data can be related to animal's migration from a region to another position. Then, statistical modeling of their paths helps biological researchers to predict their movements and estimate the areas that are most likely to constitute the presence of the animals. From a geometrical view, spherical data are points that take their values on the surface of a unit sphere. There are many methods to fit a curve, especially regression curves to spherical data. For example, Gould [1] used the corresponding angles of spherical data coordinates to introduce regression models. He considered Fisher distribution as a candidate density for the error in his analysis. A non-parametric version of his model was proposed by Thompson and Clark [2]. Usually, the data that are close to the North or South pole have different behavior. Hence, their proposed model was failing to work there, and so they tried to keep the data somewhat away from the pole via adopting their model. They advocated overcoming this problem by using the tangent plane and suggested the use of splines there [3]. On the other hand, Fisher et al. [4] proposed two families of the spherical spline for spherical data. They introduced two families of curves using differential geometry suitable for fitting the splines. One of the methods to predict statistics is to utilize non-parametric regression models. Another strategy is to consider some forms of smooth models. Both of these procedures, along with other approaches in non-Euclidean statistics context are somewhat an initiative method in analyzing the spherical data. It worths mentioning that the benefits of using the spline path by employing the rotation parameters were of interest in directional statistics in [5], albeit for circular data. One of the interesting techniques to construct the non-parametric regression model was to minimize the Euclidean risk function, first proposed in [6]. We also follow the same procedure in this paper. In particular, the primary objective of this paper is to introduce a nonparametric regression model based on minimizing the mean square errors risk function for spherical data. To apply this idea, we used the suggested method in [6] for data on the circle. We initiate our model by considering two separate models for two common angles on the sphere. Then, we impose a correlation among these angles using an appropriate risk function. The proposed models will be evaluated using simulated and real-life data.


Nonlinear partial differential equations have aroused very attention and deeper interest among scientists in a lot of fields such as engineering, physic and applied sciences in terms of numerical solution of nonlinear partial differential equations and comparison of them. In this paper, we studied to find solutions of homogeneous and nonhomogeneous nonlinear partial differential equations by Natural Transform Decomposition Method (NTDM) which is formed by combining Natural Transform Method and Decomposition Method. Then, we drew 2D and 3D graphics of these equations by means of programming language Mathematica 7.


Abstract : Temperature height profiles determined from falling sphere and Arcasonde measurements, made at White Sands, New Mexico from 23 to 25 January 1967, exhibit unusually large variability in the vicinity of the mesopause. Spatial and temporal analysis of the data exhibit a wave-like structure with vertical half wavelengths of the order of 3 and 30 km and a characteristic period of approximately 12 hours for the longer wavelength. Comparison with meteorological data below 60 km and application of appropriate theory leads to the tentative suggestion that the observed temperature variations were due to internal gravity waves. The analysis also infers that the source of these waves was a large scale, low altitude (approximately 200 mb) synoptic disturbance. This work has been performed in support of re-entry studies for Air Force space vehicles and investigations for improving DOD missile impact prediction capability. (Author)


The development of new highly sophisticated steel
 grades with extreme demands on cleanness requires
 accurate refining. The paper gives an overview on the
 state-of-the-art in secondary metallurgy and describes
 the trends in secondary metallurgy research in Germany.


This paper proposes a novel argumentation-based approach to combine legal-reasoning methods that each solve a subproblem of an overall legal problem. The methods can be of any nature (for instance, logical, case-based or probabilistic), as long as their input-output behaviour can be described at the metalevel with deductive or defeasible rules. The model is formulated in the ASPIC+ framework, to profit from its metatheory and explanation methods, and to allow for disagreement about how to solve a subproblem. The model is not meant to be directly implementable but to serve as a semantics for architectures and implementations.


In this paper, a transfer matrix and a three-dimensional dynamic response of a layered half-space to an arbitrary buried source are derived with the aid of a technique which combines the Laplace and two-dimensional Fourier transforms in a rectangular coordinate system. This method is clear in concept, and the corresponding formulas given in the paper are simple and convenient for marine seismic prospecting and other fields' applications. An example is presented and the calculated results are in good agreement with those of the finite element method (FEM).


INTRODUCTION Effluents from dye manufacturing industries, textiles and pulp and paper industries are highly coloured because of the presence of residual dyes. The presence of colour inhibits the growth of aquatic flora and fauna by reducing light penetration. Besides, the presence of dyes has toxic effects on aquatic organism. Furthermore, coloured water is undesirable for domestic and municipal supplies. Mittal and Venkobachar [1] studied the adsorption of Rhodamine-B (basic violet 10) and Sondolan Rhodine (acid red 1) and found that sulphonated coal exhibited moderate removal potential for both dyes. Desorption and regeneration studies using IN H2SO4, CH3COOH and HCOOH indicated that the adsorption of Rhodamine-B appeared to be chemical rather than physical or ion exchange whereas adsorption of Rhodine was physical to some extent with the absence of ion exchange mechanism. Dai and coworkers [2-3] examined the effect of zeta potential on the adsorption of anionic (carmine) and cationic (methyl green and methyl violet) dyes from aqueous solutions. The results showed that the adsorption of anionic dye increases on increasing zeta potential of the carbon surface making the carbon surface positive, whereas decreasing zeta potential (lower than -30 mV) enhances the adsorption of cationic dyes by electrostatic attraction between cationic dyes and carbon surface.


Abstract Early encounters with Africa initiated a European fascination with the "fetish." Though this term has been extensively problematized, anthropologists have kept the term, reading fetishes as cultural texts and searching to untangle the material assemblages and deep symbols that comprise them. This article contributes to our knowledge of fetishes by applying a practitioner-centric approach to their use and meaning in the matrices of Vodu. First, I elucidate meanings of these spiritual embodiments using ethnography of prayer and sacrifice in Gorovodu as practiced by ethnic Ewe and Mina communities in southern Togo. I then deploy the language of phenomenological anthropology to argue that fetishes bring intentionality into being and focus. Their filled presence directs consciousness towards the spirits and allows practitioners to sensuously experience spirituality and spiritual being. Rituals surrounding material fetishes are a means of intending reciprocal relationships with the divine into perceptual consciousness, and it is through these relationships that life and success are made possible.


Feedback loops are typical motifs appearing in gene regulatory networks (GRN). In some well-studied model organisms, including Escherichia coli , autoregulated genes, i.e. genes that activate or repress themselves through their protein products, are the only feedback interactions. For these types of interactions, the Michaelis-Menten (MM) formulation is a suitable and widely used approach, which always leads to stable steady-state solutions representative of homeostatic regulation. However, in many other biological phenomena, such as cell differentiation, cancer progression, and catastrophes in ecosystems, one might expect to observe bistable switch-like dynamics in case of strong positive autoregulation. To capture this complex behavior we use the generalized family of MM kinetic models. Here, we give a full analysis regarding the stability of autoregulated genes. We show that the autoregulation mechanism has the capability to exhibit diverse cellular dynamics including hysteresis, a typical characteristic of bistable systems, as well as irreversible transitions be-tween bistable states. We also introduce a statistical framework to estimate the kinetics parameters and probability of different stability regimes given observational data. Empirical data for the au-toregulated gene SCO3217 in the SOS system in Streptomyces coelicolor are analyzed. The coupling of a statistical framework and the mathematical model can give further insight into understanding the evolutionary mechanisms toward different cell fates in various systems.


By YURI VIDOV KARAGEORGE Nevena Stefanova, born in Sofia in 1924, is a well-established Bulgarian writer of fiction, literary criticism, essays and poetry. Her collection of poems Otkrovenia (Avowals; 1973) was received with marked enthusiasm by Bulgarian readers and is considered to be one of the best verse collections to have appeared in the early 1970s. "Avowals " chronicles the life's journey of the poet from the time she was a little girl sitting by a window, staring outside and fancying strange occurrences amidst the quiet falling of the snow. Among her reflections appear her acquaintance with the elements and forces of nature, her discovery of her womanliness both as a lover (Ophelian and Lady MacBethian) and a mother, and her slow acquisition of maturity when the contemplative poet (as a modern existentialist) faces the neant of contemporary existence. A number of selections in this volume achieve the most ambitious goal of a poet: they transmute subtle experiences, nuanced emotions and philosophical considerations into recognizable notions rendered through straight, clear and concise almost narrative speech. "Avowals" is composed of eleven sections. Most of the eight poems of section one, "Child's Album, " remind the reader of short, quick sketches or little scenes either from the four rather distinct seasons in Bulgaria or from everyday life. "Fresh Snow" depicts the peaceful fall of snow in the country and the subsequent change in the rural landscape when a child a mischievous spirit appears from nowhere and enchants the place with his magic bough. "The Restlessness of Spring" is a delightful characterization of midspring weather in Eastern Europe: the days when the wind blows, chasing remnants of winter wetness. "An Ordinary Morning" is an idyllic description of morning neighborhood activities in a Bulgarian city. "Contemplation" seems another version of ordinary actions at the beginning of a day; in this poem Stefanova calls the world "a beautiful child's drawing. " These first pieces are eloquent evidence of the young poet's marvelous sensibility and receptiveness to the outside world, as well as of the "resonance" of her inner fantasies. "Double Existence" is from the second section, "Fragments. " Its form of quatrain stanzas, twelvesyllable lines with a caesura on the seventh syllable (characteristic for this group of poems), immediately identifies it as poetry of her early period, when form was still of great concern to Stefanova. The language is direct, descriptive and confessional in feeling. The poem is a reflection on the discovery of the loneliness and duality of human existence. As a human being, the poet feels unsafe confessing herself to "no one. ' She is gnawed by the doubts of an idealist as to whether it is honest to lead her life in such a fashion, vacillating between "the dirty reality" of everyday routine and that other world of dreams and expectations. The imaginary world is infinitely more appealing to her, for everything in it is a promise, bliss. The second and third stanzas are similar in inspiration to Baudelaire's "L'invitation au voyage, ' in which the poet projects a vision of an ideal world, one to be found and escaped into at the termination of a voyage.


Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu Tampere University of Applied Sciences Degree programme in Construction Engineering Option of Civil Engineering SILLANPAA, VILLE: Different Options of Vertical Underground Shafts Bachelor's thesis 61 pages, appendices 5 pages May 2013 In this thesis, writer orientates mainly in vertical underground shafts construction after mining. These vertical shafts are located in underground caverns and they are for example elevatorand ventilation shafts. Shafts are usually couple dozens of meters deep. Engineer must think careful about the coming structures to these shafts and planning must take into account of work's ease, expenses and final quality. Also, man must think how the workers can practically reach the work site situated mostly high above without risking occupational safety. The order of this thesis was Lemminkainen Infra Oy and this thesis was made to help the planning of the vertical underground shafts in coming Kivisydan-parking facility situated in Oulu, Finland. The examination of shaft structures concentrated in generally used methods, which are cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure, precast concrete element, concrete block structure and steel structure. Thesis also includes comparing about methods that make the construct possible between modular scaffolding system and single mast climbing work platform. With the help of cost comparison, writer found the most reasonable choices from the ensembles. This comparison made by comparing the ratio of expenses and construction times. Thesis also took notice in occupational safety of every examined methods. At the end of this thesis, the result was that the most reasonable structure is concrete block structure built from the single mast climbing work platform. Reasons for choosing this concrete block structure were the lowest construct price and short construction time. Reasons for choosing mast climbing work platform were low rent price, fast installationand disassembling time and worker friendly work ergonomics. With the help of gained results, the writer of this thesis recommends using of these methods chosen above in vertical underground shafts construction in Kivisydan-parking facility, although the results in these examined shafts aren't necessary valid in every different shafts.


Present quests to show that the four basic forces are different manifestations of a single unified force follow a long tradition. In the 19th century, the distinct electric and magnetic forces were shown to be intimately connected and are now collectively called the electromagnetic force. More recently, the weak nuclear force has been shown to be connected to the electromagnetic force in a manner suggesting that a theory may be constructed in which all four forces are unified. Certainly, there are similarities in how forces are transmitted by the exchange of carrier particles, and the carrier particles themselves (the gauge bosons in Table 33.2) are also similar in important ways. The analogy to the unification of electric and magnetic forces is quite good—the four forces are distinct under normal circumstances, but there are hints of connections even on the atomic scale, and there may be conditions under which the forces are intimately related and even indistinguishable. The search for a correct theory linking the forces, called the Grand Unified Theory (GUT), is explored in this section in the realm of particle physics. Frontiers of Physics expands the story in making a connection with cosmology, on the opposite end of the distance scale.


Istituto Elettrotecnico Nazionale Galileo Ferraris (IEN), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Laboratoire National de Metrologie et d'Essais – Observatoire de Paris / Systemes de Reference Temps Espace (OP), and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) performed an intense comparison campaign of selected frequency references maintained in their laboratories during about 25 days in October/November 2004. The active hydrogen maser reference standards used at all laboratories served at the same time as frequency references for the institutes' fountain frequency standards. The fountains of IEN, NPL, and OP were operated for most of the time during the same period, and results of the fountain comparisons are given in an accompanying paper. Three techniques of frequency (and time) comparisons were employed. Going beyond the standard procedures, two-way satellite time and frequency transfer was performed in an intensified measurement schedule of 12 equally spaced measurements per day. The data of dual frequency geodetic GPS receivers were processed to yield an ionosphere-free linear combination of the code observations from both GPS frequencies, typically referred to as TAI P3 analysis. Last but not least, the same GPS raw data were separately processed allowing GPS carrier-phase based frequency comparisons to be made. These showed the lowest instability at short averaging times of all of the methods. The instability was at the level of 1 part in 10 15 at one-day averaging time, similar to what was achieved with TWSTFT. The GPS TAI P3 analysis is capable of giving a similar quality of data provided that averaging over two days or longer is acceptable. The analysis presented here shows that all techniques provide the same mean frequency difference between the standards involved within the measurement uncertainty of a few parts in 10.


The Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii L., Pinaceae) is prized in bonsai, topiary, and as an ornamental and garden plant. It is found in hardiness zones 5 to 10. It is a garden tree in Korea and Japan and also used as a bonsai because it can be trained and has many latent buds (Bitner, 2007; Dirr, 1990; Lee, 1999). Today, 7.6 billion P. thunbergii bonsai are sold annually in Korea (Korea Forest Service, 2008). There are currently 13 cultivars: Compacta, Globosa, Iseli, Majestic Beauty, Mini Mounds, Mt. Hood Prostrate, Oculus-draconis, Pygmaea, Thunderhead, Banshosho, Tailored, Green Elf, and Shinrome Janome (Bitner, 2007; Dirr, 1990). Two new varieties with yellow leaves and shoots ('Ansu Hwanggeumsong' and 'Ansu Migeumsong') were selected from 3-year-old seedlings of a 47-year-old P. thunbergii population. A third cultivar, Ansu Hobansong, was selected from an 18-year-old P. thunbergii population from Macdo, Jeon Nam Province, in 1995. This report describes these three new cultivars.


To analyse conditions of ownership transformation we ought to pay attention to such factors as the variety in means of production, unbalence in inrease of product and overall relevance between production, use and consumption. It takes a long time to bring about the complex change in conditions for ownership transformation. What's more, the transformation itself is protracted and complicated. And it explains the inevitablness of the long term coexistence of various forms of ownership at the primary stage of socialism.


Single crystals of the compounds Me I (LiMoO₄) and Me I (LiWO₄) (Me I =K, Rb, Cs) were synthesized by slow evaporation from aqueous solution and by cooling from melt. The compounds of potassium or rubidium are hygroscopic and they form easily hydrated crystals Me I LiMoO₄-H₂O or Me I LiWO₄·H₂O from aqueous solution. The structures of these hydrated crystals are each other isotypic and they are built up of distorted layers of (LiMoO 5 ) or (LiWO 5 ). There exist two types of tetrahedral framework structures in this group of anhydrous molybdates and tungstates;tridymite-type and cristobalite-type. KLiMoO₄ and KLiWO₄ have two types of polymorphic structures, where as only the cristobalite-type is found in the Rb-and Cs-compounds. The system KLiSO₄-KLiMoO₄ was studied. Two components are almost immiscible but there exist a narrow area of solid solution on the side of sulfate in the system.


processes] the transactions through which music can be instrumental in promoting the return of our psychic "revolutions" to their proper order' (p. 86): 'Timaeus on Music and the Liver', another important paper in the general area of Platonic psychology. Lesley Dean-Jones's 'Aristotle's Understanding of Plato's Receptacle and its Signiμcance for Aristotle's Theory of Familial Resemblance' moves back and forth between Plato, Aristotle, and Greek ideas about reproduction; Jan Opsomer writes about 'Proclus on Demiurgy and Procession: A Neoplatonic Reading of the Timaeus', and does not in the end let Proclus o¶ lightly (the 'only correct interpretation of Plato'—as its author would have thought of it—contains 'inexplicable' elements, p. 130). However the volume reserves its best, or at any rate its most exhilarating, for last: Gordon Campbell, on 'Zoogony and Evolution in Plato's Timaeus: The Presocratics, Lucretius and Darwin'. The chapter begins and ends with Flann O'Brien, and The Third Policeman; Don Fowler also makes an early showing: '. . . in reality we are like Aeneas before the pictures in Carthage, seeing what we want to see and telling a story'. Just so, Campbell argues, 'Whether we like it or not, Darwin will be our source text and Timaeus, Lucretius and Empedocles our target texts, and so knowledge of Darwinism becomes crucial' (p. 166). But the most appealing aspect of the chapter is its treatment of the Timaeus as a 'subversive text' (pp. 165–6): the dialogue 'appropriates and subverts a tradition of Presocratic scientiμc cosmology' (p. 166). I myself think the dialogue rather subverts itself, as in the concluding passage on the origin of species (where what is subverted is already appropriated). Nevertheless, Campbell surely gets the general tone of at least parts of the Timaeus right—in the process giving a rather di¶erent dimension to the question that Rosemary Wright asked at the beginning of the volume: what kind of account is Timaeus giving? His closing story about how birds and other animals began is surely not so far removed from Sergeant Pluck's about bicycles, his great-grandfather, and his horse (Campbell cites from The Third Policeman, pp. 72 ¶.). But that only seems to make the whole more mysterious; for it is surely not all subversive. All in all, a book most people reading the Timaeus will μnd useful as well as provocative; in the absence of something more comprehensive (Johansen?), it might serve as a kind of commentary. But in any case it has some outstanding, even exciting, bits—which is a lot more than most such collections of papers achieve.


In this paper, we present further applications of the time-domain simulation based frequency scanning technique which has been proposed in the earlier literature. The behavior of the complete HVDC system is modelled as the closed loop action of two independent systems (AC system and DC system). The separately obtained frequency scan results of these independent systems are used to get the frequency response of the complete HVDC system. A heuristic screening method, based on the evaluation of frequency dependent positive or negative sequence resistance seen at the converter terminals, is utilized to anticipate unstable AC-DC interaction. We present a methodology to incorporate frequency domain criteria into the cost function of a simulation based optimization procedure so as to obtain a robust controller which avoids adverse interaction. (6 pages)


Fully transferring or releasing the individual characters associated with each involved component in different levels or scales, plays a vital role in generating synergetic or even amplified effects, which is...


In this letter, we detail a modular approach for measuring the secondary physical and emotional effects of ambient intelligence (AmI) technology in traffic. Using the case of merges on to a highway, we assess the results of a system that advises the driver to change early to a lane on the left to create space for merging cars downstream (tested using a cellular automata simulation). The indirect impact of the system downstream, namely how the remaining lane changes from the merge lane to the innermost lane proceed, is then evaluated using a time-discrete, space-continuous microscopic traffic simulation tool. This yields detailed results concerning driver interactions that can also be used to derive an estimate of driver anger in the situation. We have used real geographic, traffic and psychological data to test the system, and different models are used to accomplish various tasks. The approach yields (surprisingly) negative results concerning the indirect emotional impact of this AmI intervention which may be due to the nature of the lane changing model used and the chosen parameters. We argue that such an approach is also applicable to similar types of systems, where different data and model types are suited to different scenario elements.


In this paper, a new method for word recognition and classification without segmentation is presented. The worked out algorithm is based on recognizing the whole word without separating it into letters. According to this algorithm, entire words are treated and analyzed as object images subject to classification. The method is based on the "view-based approach" presented in authors' previous works for hand and printed script recognition. The top and bottom views of each word are analyzed, and the characteristic points describing it are created. The procedure of the processing and recognition involves the application of neural networks and minimal eigenvalues of Toeplitz matrices. These methods are used to modify the "view-based" algorithm and improve the efficiency of the identification process. Printed words in Latin alphabet form the data base for the experiments introduced in this work. The obtained results are good and promising.


An anaerobic enrichment culture, using CH 3 OH as an electron donor, dechlorinated tetrachloroethene (PCN, 55 μmol added/100 mL of culture) nearly stoichiometrically to vinyl chloride (VC) in 20 h with negligible buildup of other intermediates and at a maximum rate of 4.6±0.4 μmol of PCN transformed/mg of volatile suspended solids per day. Appreciable conversion of VC to NTH occurred only after the PCN was nearly depleted, suggesting the inhibition of VC dechlorination by PCN. PCN, trichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene (DCN), and 1,1-DCN were all rapidly metabolized to VC with near zero-order kinetics and apparently inhibited subsequent VC dechlorination


Microtubules and actin fibres are dynamic fibres constituting the cell skeleton. They show seemingly computational behaviours. Indeed, depending on conditions of reaction, they self-organise into temporal and/or spatial morphologies in vitro and act as micro-machine processors and actuators in living cells. I discuss here about their possible reuse to construct microtubule-based computational systems. I analyze particularly the possible existence of computational events based on 'chemical collision' between microtubules. A molecular model of microtubule disassembly has been developed to verify that heterogeneities of composition and/or concentration of the chemical medium can form from shrinking microtubules and persist. They could serve as an efficient communication channel between microtubules. Numerical simulations show that diffusing tubulin molecules can explore large distances (0.5 μm) during the disassembly of only one molecule. This leads to the formation of only very weak heterogeneities of composition. However, the model predicts that they could be more important due to microtubule arrays.


The solution conformation of acyl carrier protein from Escherichia coli (77 residues) has been determined on the basis of 423 interproton-distance restraints and 32 hydrogen-bonding restraints derived from NMR measurements. A total of nine structures were computed using a hybrid approach combining metric matrix distance geometry and dynamic simulated annealing. The polypeptide fold is well defined with an average backbone atomic root-mean-square difference of 0.20 +/- 0.03 nm between the final nine converged structures and the mean structure obtained by averaging their coordinates. The principal structural motif is composed of three helices: 1 (residues 3-12), 2 (residues 37-47) and 4 (residues 65-75) which line a hydrophobic cavity. Helices 2 and 4 are approximately parallel to each other and anti-parallel at an angle of approximately equal to 150 degrees to helix 1. The smaller helix 3 (residues 56-63) is at an angle of approximately equal to 100 degrees to helix 4.


We prove a weak maximum principle for nonlocal symmetric stable operators. This includes the fractional Laplacian. The main focus of this work is the regularity of the considered function.


AbstractIn the construction industry, disputes are inevitable. Contract disputes result from conflicting contract documents, changes to the original scope of work, or breaches of contract. Arbitration is the preferred alternative dispute resolution method in international construction contracts because it saves time and money and prevents litigation under foreign laws. Western contractors and investors fear entering into contracts with Middle Eastern owners and government entities, especially when a contract stipulates the application of local national laws and jurisdiction. Furthermore, questions regarding foreign contractors' rights and the validity of certain contractual provisions for dispute resolution in local courts and their ability to use arbitration to resolve disputes need to be addressed. This paper examines the concept of arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution method and its application in the Kuwaiti construction industry. The paper focuses on Kuwaiti arbitration law, examines curr...


Abstract In this study, a numerical solution of the modified Burgers' equation is obtained by the finite difference methods. For the solution process, two linearization techniques have been applied to get over the non-linear term existing in the equation. Then, some comparisons have been made between the obtained results and those available in the literature. Furthermore, the error norms L2 and L∞ are computed and found to be sufficiently small and compatible with others in the literature. The stability analysis of the linearized finite difference equations obtained by two different linearization techniques has been separately conducted via Fourier stability analysis method.


We apply the BRST symmetric gaugeon formalism to the spin-3/2 Rarita-Schwinger gauge field. To this time, this formalism has been developed for quantum electrodynamics and the Yang-Mills gauge field. The theory admits a quantum gauge transformation by which we can shift the gauge fixing parameter. The quantum gauge transformation does not change the BRST charge. Thus, the physical Hilbert space is trivially independent of the gauge fixing parameter. By virtue of the BRST symmetry, the physical Hilbert space is still well-defined when we incorporate the interaction with the Ricci flat background gravitational field.


The furnishing and the endmost section of sinter machine automatic supervision and picture analysistaking advantage Of specialist's experience system for Magang the second sinter plant are developed. Theapplication and the main fundamental structure and the design of hardware and software for .this system areintroduced concisely.


We sought to compare and assess growth in single ventricle children with a systemic right or left ventricle in five time periods: at birth, before neonatal surgery, before the Glenn anastomosis and finally before and after the Fontan operation to 11 years of age.


In response to the comments of Chugh et al on our study,1 we would like to point out that the rate of radial artery occlusion (RAO) ranged from <1% to 30% in recent studies (mean 7.89%), whereas in the Rotterdam Radial Access Research study, this was <4% at all time points.1 The incidence of RAO varies and seems multifactorial, including anatomic substrate (ie, vessel size), access technique, and access management before, during, and after the procedure. Our study underscores the clinical importance of number of radial punctures to obtain arterial access …


The ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(CHCHR){κ2-S2P(OEt)2}(CO)(PPh3)2] (R = But, C6H4Me-4) are formed on reaction of (NH4)[S2P(OEt)2] with [Ru(CHCHR)Cl(CO)(BTD)(PPh3)2] (BTD = 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole), while the enynyl complex [Ru(C(CCPh)CHPh)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2] loses a phosphine on treatment with the same ligand to yield [Ru(η3-PhCC–CCHPh){κ2-S2P(OEt)2}(CO)(PPh3)]. The stilbenyl complexes [Ru(CPhCHPh)Cl(CA)(PPh3)2] (A = O, S) react with (NH4)[S2P(OEt)2] to provide the dimers [Ru(CPhCHPh){μ–κ1–κ2–S2P(OEt)2}(CA)(PPh3)]2. Treatment of the thiocarbonyl complex with carbon monoxide results in migratory insertion of the vinyl and CS ligands to provide [Ru(η2-SCCPhCHPh){κ2-S2P(OEt)2}(CO)(PPh3)]. On treatment with excess 4-ethynyltoluene, the known compound [RuH{κ2-S2P(OEt)2}(CO)(PPh3)2] undergoes insertion of the alkyne to provide an alternative route to [Ru(CHCHC6H4Me-4){κ2-S2P(OEt)2}(CO)(PPh3)2]. The compounds [Ru(CHCHR){κ2-S2P(OEt)2}(CO)(PPh3)2] (R = n-C4H9, CH2OSi(But)Me2, CO2Me, Fc, CPh2OH, (HO)C6H10) were prepared cleanly by this route using HCCR. On stirring [RuH{κ2-S2P(OEt)2}(CO)(PPh3)2] over a longer period of time with excess 4-ethynyltoluene, the acetylide [Ru(CCC6H4Me–4){κ2-S2P(OEt)2}(CO)(PPh3)2] is generated. Heating [Ru(CHCHC6H4Me-4){κ2-S2P(OEt)2}(CO)(PPh3)2] with excess 3,3-dimethylbut-1-yne in 1,2-dichloroethane led to elimination of the vinyl ligand and formation of the acetylide compound [Ru(CCBut){κ2-S2P(OEt)2}(CO)(PPh3)2]. A small amount of the side product, [RuCl{κ2-S2P(OEt)2}(CO)(PPh3)2], was also formed. This could be obtained directly from the reaction of [RuH{κ2-S2P(OEt)2}(CO)(PPh3)2] with N-chlorosuccinimide. The related mixed-donor ligand, K[OP(S)(OEt)2], reacts with [Ru(CHCHC6H4Me-4)Cl(CO)(BTD)(PPh3)2] to yield [Ru(CHCHC6H4Me-4){κ2-OP(S)(OEt)2}(CO)(PPh3)2]. The molecular structure of [Ru(CHCHCPh2OH){κ2-S2P(OEt)2}(CO)(PPh3)2] was determined crystallographically.


Two reports on the use of lamotrigine in patients with bipolar disorder and a substance use disorder were recently published. The findings suggest that lamotrigine may warrant further investigation in dual diagnosis populations. Brown et al. reported on 62 outpatients with bipolar disorders and cocaine dependence given lamotrigine add-on therapy titrated to a dose of up to 300 mg/day for an assessment period of up to 36 weeks. From baseline to exit scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and Cocaine Craving Questionnaire decreased significantly. Dollars spent on cocaine also decreased significantly during lamotrigine therapy.


Three points of views were presented in this paper about how to deal with the experimental teaching of electronics and information discipline,according to the experimental teaching function and their reform practice in cultivating students' knowledge,capability and quality.


It is a method of assigning correction values of the deflection of a substrate (2) relative to the coordinate system (40) of a coordinate measuring machine (1) is disclosed. inserted in each straight in the respective substrate holder (27), substrate (2) in the coordinate measuring machine (1) is automatically the position of the at least two reference marks (32) on the substrate holder (27) relative to the Korrdinatensystem (40) of the Korrdinaten measuring machine ( 1).


The study examines differences in the incomes of entrepreneurs and paid employees and considers alternative explanations for such differences. We do so with the help of National Science Foundation surveys of recipients of BA/BS or higher degrees in science and engineering for the years 1995, 1997 and 1999. In contrast to the results of earlier studies, we find that entrepreneurs earned more on average than paid employees. However, they earned less at the low end of the income distribution. The difference in results for average income is explained by whom the various studies sampled. We offer a model of asymmetric information, with a partial incorporation of risks in the context of a minimum wage. The differences in income dispersion reflect variations in the marginal products of entrepreneurial effort, which are, in part, a consequence of asymmetric information. Asymmetric information is also held to explain differences in the age profiles of income between entrepreneurs and paid employees with convergence in information and incomes at later ages. Our empirical results show the effects of many observed variables such as age, experience in a specific job, MA and Ph.D. degrees, undergraduate grade point averages, marital status, gender, race, the education of parents and still other variables. We then examine the pattern of residuals from the regressions of income on the observed variables. An attempt is made to decompose the effects of the principal unobserved variables, namely talent and luck, with the help of an instrument for talent in the context of two-stage least square regressions. In general, the conclusion is that talent plays a much greater role in explaining the incomes of entrepreneurs than of paid employees.


Materials play a critical enabling role in many energy technologies, but their development and commercialization often follow an unpredictable and circuitous path. In this article, we illustrate this concept with the history of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, which have enabled unprecedented personalization of our lifestyles through portable information and communication technology. These remarkable batteries enable the widespread use of laptop and tablet computers, access to entertainment on portable devices such as hand-held music players and video game consoles, and enhanced communication and networking on personal devices such as cellular telephones and watches. A similar transformation of transportation to electric cars and of the electricity grid to widespread deployment of variable renewable solar and wind generation, effortless time-shifting of energy generation and demand, and a transition from central to distributed energy services requires next-generation energy storage that delivers much higher performance at lower cost. The path to these next-generation batteries is likely to be as circuitous and unpredictable as the path to today's Li-ion batteries. We analyze the performance and cost improvements needed to transform transportation and the electricity grid, and we evaluate the outlook for meeting these needs with next-generation beyond Li-ion batteries.


Two conflicting stories are told about the impact of the past on societies moving from socialism to market democracy. The first recognizes the overall failures of the planned economies but points to cooperation between family and friends as a means of coping with a dysfunctional system. This sense of community has been broken up by the move to the market and to democracy leading to a loss of trust and an increase in opportunism. The second sto ry stresses the socialist governments' lack of legitimacy – a fact that led citizens to assume that official state actors were self-serving and that rules were irrational. Individual horizons were limited by the difficulties and risks of impersonal, arms-length dealings. The new democratic governments inherited a citizenry with low levels of trust in public institutions and with the habit of relying on inter -personal relations, not public institutions and laws. The first story argues for policies that reinf orce interpersonal trust, and the second, for policies that develop trust and confidence in the impartiality and competence of the state. The topic of honesty and trust in the post -socialist societies touches on issues central to the transition process and its eventual outcome. The issue sits at the intersection of institutional and legal analysis, on the one hand, and the study of norms and public attitudes, on the other. Survey work from the region provides a fairly comprehensive picture of the attitudes of citizens and the managers of business firms in the post -socialist countries. This work also sheds some light on private sector and official behavior and on the nature of public and private institutions. Qualitative evidence from interviews and focus groups provides insight into the way households and businesses cope. Nevertheless, we know less than we would like about the actual operation of government institutions and about private sector organizations and informal groups. The rapidity of year -to-year changes leaves the analyst with questions about what has actually happened and unsure about the proper recommendations for reform. Most recent work shows a sharp divergence between the countries of the former Soviet Union (except for the Baltics) and those that came under Soviet influence only after the Second World War. There are exceptions and interesting cross -country variations, but as a general rule, the countries geographically closer to Western Europe are also closer to Western Europe in political, legal, and economic development than the countries farther east. This suggests that the most


Product market competition is essential to the growth process but how much it affects innovation depends upon how technologically competitive the incumbent firm is. What are the guiding principles for pro-competition policies to spur growth?
- Conventional wisdom: competition exerts downward pressure on costs, reduces slack, provides incentives for efficient organisation of production.
- The Schumpeterian alternative: the only effective form of competition is innovation; antitrust measures reduce the reward to innovation.
- Rethinking Schumpeterian theory – an inverted U.
- Policy lessons from the ABHV model.
- Six principles for promoting competition in developing countries.
Conclusion: as you approach the frontier, appropriate policy changes.


The effect of sodium chloride on subgrade soil was investigated. Twenty subgrade soil samples stored in plastic containers were subjected to differing concentrations of NaCl for 364 days. They were tested for exchangeable sodium Na + , chloride Cl , cation exchange capacity (CEC), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The results showed that CBR values decreased with increase in the Na + , Cl and CEC values. The model developed revealed that soil CBR improved with time. The time was function of Na + , Cl and CEC magnitudes.


In this paper,'Red coral' peach was used for detecting the effects of DA-6 on net photosynthesis,activities of Rubisco and FBPase and fruit quality in greenhouse.The results indicated that 20 mg/L DA-6 significantly increased net photosynthesis rate(Pn) stomatal conductance(Gs) transpiration rate(Tr) chlorophyll contents and the activities of Rubisco and FBPase.Both Pn and Gs increased by 25.38%and 12.85% at most respectively.The ratio of soluble solid content to titrable acid increased by almost 8.68.Our results may imply that DA-6 regulates the activity of net photosynthesis rate through stomatal limitation and activity of enzymes related to photosynthesis,and improves fruit quality by either increasing the single fruit weight and content of soluble solid,or decreasing the content of titratable acid.


Introduction English-learning infants begin segmenting words from fluent speech by 7.5 months (Jusczyk & Aslin, 1995). At this age, it appears that infants rely on two sources of information to segment speech: transitional probabilities between syllables (Saffran, Aslin, & Newport, 1996) and the predominance of word-initial stress in English (Jusczyk, Houston, & Newsome, 1999). However, Saffran et al. (1996a) demonstrated that infants can accurately parse a simple artificial language even when it contains no cues to word boundaries other than the statistical relationship between syllables. In the following study, we investigate the possibility that the infants in Saffran et al.'s study (1996a) were not parsing the entire trisyllabic words from the speech stream. In addition, we will explore the possibility that language-specific information affects the way infants segment an artificial language. Saffran et al.'s (1996a) artificial language consisted of 4 tri-syllabic CVCVCV nonsense words ("pabiku", "tiboudo", "golatu", and "daropi") which were concatenated together into a two-minute stream of speech containing no cues to word boundaries other than the transitional probabilities between syllables. The transitional probabilities between syllables within words were 1.0, whereas transitional probabilities between syllables spanning word boundaries were 0.33. After familiarizing English-learning 8month-olds to the two-minute speech stream, Saffran et al. used the headturn preference procedure to determine whether infant had parsed the speech stream in accordance with the statistical cues. Infants were tested on trisyllabic sequences of syllables corresponding to statistical words versus statistical partwords. All part-word test items contained the last syllable of one word plus the first two of another (i.e. part-word test item "tudaro" contained the last syllable of "golatu" plus the first two syllables of "daropi"). Infants listened reliably to the part-word test items, indicating their ability to segment the speech stream. These results were replicated by Johnson and Jusczyk (2001) using a natural speech stream which was closely matched to Saffran et al.'s on all relevant acoustic parameters such as rate and lack of prosody. As mentioned above, all of the part-word test items used in the infant study by Saffran et al. (1996a) were creating by combining the last syllable of one word with the first two syllables of another word. In contrast, Saffran et al. (1996b) tested adults on two types of part-word test items. One type were created in the exact same manner as the test items used by Saffran et al. (1996a). The other half were formed by combining the last two syllables of a statistical word with the first syllable of another statistical word. Interestingly, adults performed at chance when it came to distinguishing this latter type of part-word (last two syllables of one word combined with first of another) from statistical words. Saffran et al. (1996b) suggested that this effect could be rooted in the way


Quenching of steel 45 using high-frequency induction-heating (440000 Hz) with simultaneous shower water cooling was studied. The possibility of liquid-phase creation in the bulk (appr. 0.2 mm) in the material being treated in the absence of melting on the surface was clearly demonstrated by both numerical simulation of the temperature field in the material during hardening and experimental results


Summary

P- and Rayleigh wave amplitudes observed by the Long Range Seismic Measurements network of stations in North America are analysed into source, distance and station effects.

The main results of the P-wave analyses are:

(a) there is a significant correlation of station effect and αn the Pn wave speed in the vicinity of the recording station;

(b) there are no contributions to the station effect from differences in the noise levels at the recording stations;

(c) the short-period (SP) station effects are weakly dependent on period, but the correlation may be partially masked by systematic errors in the measurement of period;

(d) the variation in crustal structure makes little or no contribution to the SP and long-period (LP) station effects.

The main results of the Rayleigh wave analyses are:

(a)the gradient h of the decay of amplitude with distance A is nearly unity. This is in agreement with earlier estimates obtained assuming the decay has the form h log Δ+ constant;

(b)the attenuation coefficient k as a function of period in the range 20 to 37.5 s in agreement with other estimates for paths across North America and for various paths from epicentres in China. The study confirms that the surface wave decay across North America is much slower than that implied by the standard calibration functions used for computing surface wave magnitude. Combined with other published estimates the values of Qγ-1 suggest that the average Qγ-1 is lower (Qγ is higher) for North America than on many other paths.


Considering that it is difficult to monitor the measurement system and amend the test parameters on the scene in shock wave overpressure measurement and it is inconvenient to operate and carry traditional PC in outdoor experiments,a new handheld terminal for shock wave pressure measurement system based on ARM is designed,The handheld terminal,whose application program is developed by the software of Qt,can control the measurement system by Wi-Fi and perform the functions of monitoring the system state,transmitting the data by wireless and displaying waveforms.To prevent data loss,USB interface is designed to read the data.The test results show that the designed handheld terminal has good stability and reliability in several explosion experiments.


This book is a guide to the anatomy of extracranial organs as seen in magnetic resonance images. This collection of 96 magnetic resonance images, accompanied by explanatory line drawings, covers all the major organs of the body- shoulder and humerus; elbow and forearm; hand and wrist; chest; abdomen; pelvis; thigh; knee; calf; and ankle. The images are displayed in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes, enabling radiologists to quickly review coronal and sagittal anatomy as it applies to routine MRI practice. Special emphasis is placed on the extremities, where spatial resolution, coronal and sagittal planes, and soft tissue contrast provide important anatomic detail. Each MRI image is carefully labeled - using numbers with legends at the top of the page - to highlight key anatomic features. Where applicable, special parameters and positioning are noted below the images. Accompanying each image is a line drawing demonstrating the level and plane of the image.


This chapter explores the shaky basis of political tolerance. There exists a contradiction between the broadly shared preference for democracy as a form of national politics and the evident unwillingness to grant democratic rights to disliked groups. This lack of political tolerance suggests that democracy is nothing more than a thin layer of varnish that can be easily scraped away. This observation leads to the question: What, in fact, is inner democracy? The answer lies in three characteristics of inner democracy: (1) space for opposition inside ourselves, (2) cooperation and learning from the diversity of positions we can assume, and (3) participation of a broad repertoire of inner positions, whose distinctive voices can be heard in the interactions with ourselves and with others.


did upon certain principles which must be borne in mind if we are to be successful in arranging a course of treatment for this sometimes very troublesome and even serious condition. It was pointed out that in essence the accumulation of fat in the body depends on too much fat or fat-forming food being taken into the body, and on too little being burned off. But it is essential to bear in mind, as was indicated by Sir Lauder Brunton,ithat fat may be formed from various kinds of food, even though they may themselves contain no fat, such as albuminates and carbohydrates, so that, although it is clear enough that the tendency to lay on fat is de-


The accretion-induced collapse (AIC) of a white dwarf in a binary with a nondegenerate companion can sometimes lead to the formation of a rapidly rotating and highly magnetized neutron star (NS). The spin-down of this NS can drive a powerful pulsar wind (PW) and bring out some detectable multi-wavelength emissions. On the one hand, the PW can evaporate the companion in a few days to form a torus surrounding the NS. Then, due to the blockage of the PW by the torus, a reverse shock can be formed in the wind to generate intense hard X-rays. This emission component disappears in a few weeks' time, after the torus is broken down at its inner boundary and scoured into a very thin disk. On the other hand, the interaction between the PW with an AIC ejecta can lead to a termination shock of the wind, which can produce a long-lasting soft X-ray emission component. In any case, the high-energy emissions from deep inside the system can be detected only after the AIC ejecta becomes transparent for X-rays. Meanwhile, by absorbing the X-rays, the AIC ejecta can be heated effectively and generate a fast-evolving and luminous ultraviolet (UV)/optical transient. Therefore, the predicted hard and soft X-ray emissions, associated by an UV/optical transient, provide a clear observational signature for identifying AIC events in current and future observations (e.g., AT 2018cow).


SummaryLettuce seedlings raised in tubular, open-ended paperpots were transplanted into pots of soil which was maintained above a potential of —0.2 bar by regularly supplying water either to the base of the pots, or directly into the transplanted modules. Root growth into the surrounding soil was severely restricted by the paperpot walls irrespective of the method of watering, but watering directly into the paperpots doubled the total length of the root growing from the bottom. Removing the paper wrapping at transplanting doubled the total length of new roots growing into the soil. The application of water directly to the modules, with or without their paper wrapping, increased shoot dry weight by 51%, relative shoot growth rate by 35% and total length of new root by 110% compared with plants watered at the base of the pots. It is concluded that reducing the mechanical resistance of paperpot walls by supplies of water directly to the paperpot after transplanting is unlikely to increase penetration by lett...


In the course of mathematical modeling of flow calculation model with a jet propulsion definitely aerodynamic layout with working propeller definitely influence the operating mode of the engine on the aerodynamic characteristics of the model. Modeling the interaction effect of the closed parabolic wing (CPW) aircraft and jet propulsion performed using methods of computational aerodynamics, namely the finite element method, and panel-vortex method of symmetrical features. At the working propeller CPW flow modeling selected numerical methods identified a significant increase in load-bearing properties of the layout due to the positive interference of the propeller with the upper surface CPW, allowing more than 3-fold increase in the maximum load-bearing properties of the test arrangement.


A questioning of the theoretical and methodological focus and strategies of sociodemographic research has been evident especially in Latin America since the 1970s. This work discusses the shortcomings of most current attempts to integrate anthropological and demographic approaches to population, and introduces eight articles on various aspects of population that appeared in the same publication. Most were first presented in a work session entitled "Anthropology in Sociodemographic Investigation" at the Thirteenth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences in 1993. The need to incorporate diverse dimensions of reality and different disciplinary perspectives in the explanation of demographic events and changes has been a significant preoccupation of sociodemography itself. A growing volume of studies of fertility, migration, processes of health and disease, sexuality, and the role of women, the family, and social institutions in reproduction, almost exclusively conducted at the micro level, reflect interest in incorporating anthropological viewpoints into sociodemographic analysis. An increasing number of scientific meetings and committees within population groups are devoted to the same themes. This introduction synthesizes the principal findings and recommendations of the eight articles, which examine very diverse topics using varied analytical approaches. All, however, offer reflections on the theoretical and methodological relevance of incorporating the anthropological perspective into sociodemographic investigation. Some also demonstrate the type of empirical findings that may result from a successful integration.


Administrative records of the Title XIX (Medicaid) Program of New York City were reviewed to determine the impact of a surveillance system introduced to monitor physician billing. Billing patterns of the physicians subject to program sanctions, as well as the larger universe of all participating New York City physicians, showed changes coincident with the introduction of the surveillance program: utilization of x-rays, lab tests, injections, and first visit billing decreased.


Oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) is responsible of signal transduction of oncostatin M (OSM) that might have associations with cancer, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, but few studies have examined this association in population. Our aim was to investigate that whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the OSMR gene were associated with obesity in a Korean population. We genotyped 16 SNPs of the OSMR gene in 206 overweight/obesesubjects and 152 control subjects using the Affymetrix Targeted Genotyping chip array. One SNP (rs7709749) revealed association with overweight/obese subjects (p=0.029, log-additivemodel; p=0.042, recessive model). Furthermore, we examined the association between haplotypes built from 16 SNPs and overweight/obesity. The TC haplotype in block 2 (rs2367704 and rs647194) was also associated with overweight/obese (p=0.041). Our results suggest that the OSMR gene may be a possible risk factor in obesity.


One of the most important causes of the traditional bread wastes is rapid staling and low longevity. In this study, the effect of natural and artificial preservatives on bread yeast activity, rheological characteristics in flat bread (Taftoon) was investigated during two experiments. At first, three natural preservatives (lactic acid, acetic acid and calcium lactate) and two artificial preservatives (calcium propionate and sodium sorbate) were compared to control without any preservatives for their inhibitor effects on bread yeast activity. At the next step, the effects of lactic acid, calcium lactate and calcium propionate on Taftoon quality with respect to rheological characteristics were studied. The experimental design was CRD with three repeats. The results of first experiment showed that the most inhibitor effect was related to acetic acid, potassium sorbate and calcium propionate respectively. According to the results of the next experiment, the effect of the preservatives was significant on all rheological indices except of water absorption percentage. The maximum stability time and the least resistance to stretching were observed in control and the most dough consistency was related to calcium lactate treatment. The most development time was related to control and lactic acid and the maximum relative number was observed in lactic acid treatment. Finally we concluded that lactic acid can be preferred to other preservatives for Taftoon.


The fatigue life behavior of the pivotal load carrying structure of the air suspension system, the equalizing beam in a heavy-duty truck was investigated. A typical endurance virtual digital road surface of the test ground was built in the ADAMS environment. The dynamic loads of the weak points of the beam under vehicle driving state were obtained with the simulation of the vehicle on the virtual test road. The fatigue damage of the beam was calculated by the software LMSTecWare, and was compared with the experimental results of real vehicle. The results show that the simulated distribution tendency of the cumulative fatigue damage of the beam coincide with the road test result very well. The proposed simulation method is successful to predict the fatigue life in the early stage of vehicle pivotal structure design, being of help to reduce the development period and cost of the new product.


Larger Reliance on Imports Kumaran Pola BERGER PAINTS.INDIA, despite keen competition in the market, increased its net sales by IS per cent on annualised basis to Rs 85.34 crore during the year ended March 31, 1990, Operating profits increased at a lower rate of 3 per cent (annualised) due to escalation in raw material cost and non-availability of critical items. The company reduced the interest costs by 11 per cent on annualised basis which helped in increasing net profits by 39 per cent on annualised basis to Rs 1.76 crore


To the Editor: The oocyte utility rate (OUR) describes the competence of oocytes to develop into usable embryos that can be transferred or cryopreserved. Except for maternal age, abnormalities due to intra-ovarian and/or extraovarian factors may affect the oocyte-granulosa cell interaction, maturation, and zygote development. In this study, we defined OUR as the number of applicable embryos (blastomere and blastocyst) divided by the number of oocytes retrieved from the corresponding stimulation cycle. We compared high and low OUR of cycles with at least 15 oocytes to determine the factors contributing to the huge gap between good and poor OUR to guide promising in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes.


AIM: To study the pathogenesis of plateau periodontitis,by creating a rat model of experimental periodontitis in plateau environment and detecting the bacteria diversity in gingival crevicular fluid.METHODS: Eighty SD rats were divided into the plain control group,plain ligated group,plateau control group and plateau ligated group.Maxillary first molars of the ligated group were ligated by steel ligature,the plateau groups were bred in low pressure oxygen granary.The clinical indexes were detected after 8 weeks.Total DNAs were extracted from the bacteria in gingival crevicular fluid,and the diversity of pathogenic bacteria was detected by the PCR-DGGE analysis method.Bands were sequenced,and the sequences of bands were analyzed.RESULTS: Gingival index,the depth of pocket and tooth mobility of the first maxillary molar with periodontitis in the plateau ligated group were more serious than those in the plain ligated group(P0.05).The diversity of pathogenic bacteria in various groups was statistically different(P0.05).The retrived sequences showed that the predominance bacteria of plateau ligated group were different from the plain ligated group.CONCLUSION: The rat plateau periodontitis can be established successfully,and the diversity of pathogenic bacteria is present between the plateau periodontitis and plain periodontitis.


A great deal of money and effort have been expended over the years to find methods for control of mastitis in dairy cows. Both European and U.S. workers have developed programs of prevention that are very similar. These preventive programs require implementation of the seven basic procedures outlined below. It has been shown repeatedly that this programs works. It has also been shown repeatedly that prevention is much less successful when a producer implements only part of the program and ignores others because of their cost or lack of importance in his judgment. The program has been proven. You cannot afford to "re-prove" or disprove it on your own. Mastitis, on a herd basis, is not a "quick" disease. It takes a period of time before it develops into a serious herd problem. It takes even longer to correct the problem. So, if you have a problem, don't expect it to disappear in 2–3 months. You can make rapid progress early, if you apply all the principles. Gradual, continued progress can be expected over the next 1–2 years if you stay with the program. The production losses due to inapparent (subclinical) mastitis are devastating. As the economic squeeze continues on dairymen they will either learn to reduce and control this cost or it will aid in squeezing them out of the dairy business. Modern dairying cannot afford the luxury of unrecognized and uncontrolled mastitis. Mastitis is a complex disease and it may be caused by a variety of bacterial agents. The cause, development and diagnosis will not be discussed here. The principles outlined here are directed toward prevention of all types of mastitis. Mastitis is a MANagement disease and man must act if it is to be controlled on his individual dairy.


Abstract An analysis is made of the generation, advection, and dissipation processes of the cirrus canopy in tropical storms with particular emphasis on the formation of sharp edges. Although subsidence and accompanying evaporation may be factors, this formation is closely tied with the wind flow pattern near the edges. The stronger the radial wind velocity in the vicinity of the edges, the greater is the rate of subsidence required to evaporate the cloud over a distance sufficiently short so that the edge may be considered sharp. Analyses of the wind fields in typical hurricanes indicate that cirrus generated at the eye wall and advected outward could produce in 12 to 18 hr. a canopy similar to those observed by meteorological satellites. If, in addition, generation occurs in the spiral arms, these times are shortened somewhat. Sharp edges would occur in regions where the radial outflow becomes small, probably less than 1 m. sec.−1, and where the tangential velocity is at a relative maximum.


The Child Justice Bill (SA Law Commission, B49 of 2002) (CJB) made provision for all children in conflict with the law to be assessed by a probation officer, thus making it possible to divert those children who committed serious offences. The re-drafted 2007 CJB,1 in contrast, excludes children arrested for serious offences from assessment by a probation officer and therefore denies them the possibility of being diverted from the criminal justice system. This paper challenges the bifurcation of offences, a policy of separating out the minor offences from the serious offences with the intention of being tough on the latter. This is one of the key principles underlying the 2007 CJB, which seems to be informed by the general misconception that diversion and restorative justice are inappropriate when dealing with serious youth offences. In contextualising this article,2 a brief historical background to the factors that have influenced the reform of child justice in South Africa will be provided. Secondly, the role of a probation officer in relation to policy development, with specific reference to the 2007 CJB, will be examined. Thirdly, the developmental approach to working with young offenders will be explored, so as to create a conceptual framework for the central discourse of this article. Fourthly, the concept of restorative justice as a proposed philosophical and developmental approach to working with young offenders and its appropriateness in dealing with serious youth offences will be investigated. The terms "young" and "child" are used interchangeably, referring to any person less than 18 years of age as stipulated in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) (1989) and the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996b). Finally, guidelines are offered that can help probation officers to give effect to restorative justice


The generalizability of the results from a case study on the effects of an imagery mnemonic on face-name recall in dementia was examined (Hill, Evankovich, Sheikh, & Yesavage, 1987). Seven patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 1 patient with multi-infarct dementia (MID) were trained by using the method devised by Hill et al. Application of the mnemonic increased the time during which face-name associations could be held in memory for 1 AD patient, and this improvement was maintained in a 1-month follow-up assessment. However, no training gains were observed for the remaining 7 patients, thus questioning the generalizability of this method in enhancing memory in dementia.


The invention provides a fixing device and an image forming apparatus. The fixing device includes an upper pressing member, a fixing belt, a lower pressing member, a load adjustment unit, a tension adjustment unit and a control unit. The upper pressing member has an elastic layer. The fixing belt is wound around the upper pressing member. The lower pressing member presses against the upper pressing member via the fixing belt, conveys the recording member and forms a fixing nip. The load adjustment unit adjusts pressing load of the upper pressing member and the lower pressing member. The tension adjustment unit adjusts tension of the fixing belt. The control unit controls the load adjustment unit so as to change a width of the fixing nip in a recording member conveyance direction and controls the tension adjustment unit so as to change the tension of the fixing belt.


In this work were allocated 25 permanent plots of 10 m × 25 m and measured the vegetation with diameter of at least one cm at the base. In an area of 0.625 ha were sampled 8,454 ind.ha-1, 121 species, 74 genera and 42 families. The species with higher IVI were Ocotea corymbosa (Meissn.) Mez, Pterodon pubescens Benth., and Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. The high values of PSoR and IVIA reveal that O. corymbosa e P. pubescens are stand in the entire three community strata, although these species are more common on the superior stratum. The Shannon's index show high floristic diversity (H' = 3.47 nat.ind.-1) and the equitability index (J' = 0.40) show dominance of P. pubescens and O. corymbosa in the area. The diameter and height distributions reveal the abundance in the natural regeneration component due the great stock of young plants that compose the inferior stratum of the community. In the 114 species considerate in the phytosociological analysis, 20 could be considerate rare due the few density of individuals per hectare. The floristic survey characterized the phytophisiognomy of the area like a "cerradao". The basis of vertical phytosociological parameters permitted give value to the species with PSoR and IVIA, associating the horizontal phytosociological structure with the heterogeneity and irregularity of the stratum of this "cerradao" area.


Any signal in the seismic spectrum which, at the input to the seismic amplifier, has an amplitude and/or phase difference between one leg of the twisted pair and the other, will be treated as a difference signal and amplified. All signals generated by coil movements in the geophones fall into this category. On the other hand, all common mode signals would ideally be attenuated severely since they have equal amplitudes and phases in each leg of the pair. (This is because of the high common mode attenuation performance of modern amplifiers.) In practice, however, this is not the case, as in many instances the seismic pairs are in substantial imbalance due to poorly manufactured or repaired cables, or due to high leakage currents to one another or to earth.


Inspired by Italo Calvino's novel Le città invisibili (1972), which presents Marco Polo's description of several invisible and fictional cities, the authors embarked on an imaginary journey to create invisible sounds with the subtlety of the fortepiano. In a process akin to Calvino's novel, the article presents the comings and goings of an exchange process of ideas between the composer and the performer. Physically separated, in Brazil and Portugal, they used video conferences and e-mails to create the work. As the process evolved, technical aspects of the fortepiano and its peculiar sounds were intertwined with adjustments to the composer's creative writing. On the other hand, the combinatorial structure of Calvino's artwork anchored the exchange of musical materials among the work's movements. This artistic-research project began in April 2014, and led to a recording of Sons Invisíveis (Invisible Sounds), included in the CD Música Nova for Antique Instruments II in 2016. In order to describe this trajectory, this article addresses recent literature in collaboration and performance studies, composition for historical instruments, particularly the fortepiano, the combinatorial nature of Calvino's writing, how the collaborative process was developed, and its final organization, expressing the ineffable character of Calvino's masterpiece through invisible sounds.


Perceptual judgments of voice quality can be given on discrete or continuous scales. Discrete scales are typically described as consisting of "equal appearing intervals," and continuous judgments may be given on visual analog scales (VAS) or via direct magnitude estimation. Interrater agreement on discrete scales is highly variable and often poor, though there is evidence that application of psychophysical principles (i.e., perceptual variability, response bias) can increase reliability. There is some evidence that interrater reliability may be higher with continuous scales, though the influences of psychophysical assumptions and measurement properties on the reliability of continuous scales has not been analyzed particularly thoroughly. The present work considers the effects of different assumptions about underlying perceptual and decisional processes on the measurement properties and reliability of perceptual voice quality scales. An adaptation of Stevens' power law combined with different decision rule...


Thousands and thousands of books are published on leadership training, and American companies alone spend 14 billion annually to develop leadership skills among their managers. Critical voices state clearly that this is a waste of time and money. Studies have found that adult learners in a lecture setting forget nearly 50% of what they learn within two weeks. And the most highly trained leaders-CEOs of multinational companies-are often unable to translate their knowledge into practice, and fail within their first 18 months on the job. 1 Another public saying boldly states that leaders are born and not made. 2 That's tough.


The important constructive role of syntax in speech communication and university teaching of the Czech language is considered. The comparative aspect with reliance on the native language is of particular importance for philologists-Russianists. The practical application of the comparative approach in teaching Czech as a foreign language is the confrontational analysis of Russian and Czech syntactic constructions equivalent to them. Such an analysis contributes to the better development of structural, semantic and mental differences by students, the peculiarities of both their native and Czech languages. The typical Russian-Czech syntactic confrontems are given


In this thesis we consider Π 0 1 class, which can roughly be defined as the sets of infinite paths through computable trees. Historically, Π 0 1 classes have first been considered by Shoenfield in an investigation of the complexity of complete extensions of computably axiomatizable first-order theories, such as Peano arithmetic. We aim for a comprehensive access to the notion of Π 0 1 classes. First of all we motivate the notion of tree used in the context of Π 0 1 classes, which is a special case of the common graph-theoretic notion. We find, that while formally a special case, its definition is reasonable, since it captures all considered structural phenomena. Also, we do not only consider Π 0 1 classes in 2 ω , but in all of ω ω . However, we restrict ourselves to Π 0 1 classes that are bounded in some sense. For this purpose, we investigate different notions of boundedness before identifying two somewhat universal classes of bounded Π 0 1 classes, then simply called bounded and computably bounded Π 0 1 classes, and a nice way of representing them. After that, we turn to the core of the thesis. That is, we investigate what spectra of degrees the members of a Π 0 1 class of a given kind can bear. On the one hand, we try to find members of particularly low complexity in some sense. In order to do this, we establish basis theorems that tell us, that any Π 0 1 class of a class C has a member of a class of functions B , called basis. On the other hand, we showcase some Π 0 1 classes, which by example show that any according basis, in return, has to contain a member of some property. Returning to the initial motivation for our consideration, we apply the results to logical theories, and Peano arithmetic in particular, thereby nourishing the findings of Godel's Incompleteness Theorem. An important result is that the class of complete extensions of Peano arithmetic form a universal computably bounded Π 0 1 class. That means that every such extension computes some member of every computably bounded Π 0 1 class. The degrees of theses extensions, called PA degrees, can even be characterized by this property. We assemble other characterizations and results on PA degrees. A notable feature of this thesis is the generalization of Shoenfield's construction for the improvement of the Kreisel Basis Theorem. This generalization seems not to have been done yet. The originally resulting Kreisel-Shoenfield Basis Theorem is properly weaker than the Low Basis Theorem of Jockusch and Soare, but the generalization has more ramifications than just that theorem. For one, it implies that one can delete any maximal elements of a wide range of bases for any of the considered classes of Π 0 1 classes. This then shows that there are chains of low degrees of arbitrary finite length. The same is implied for hyperimmune-free degrees. As another application, the generalization of Shoenfield's construction sharpens Solovay's characterization of the PA degrees. By this tightened characterization, it provides an immediate alternative proof of Scott and Tennenbaum's result that there is no minimal degree that is PA. And in fact, it implies the apparently novel result that there is an infinite chain of PA degrees below every PA degree.


As the dark matter had been discussing for several years,it is considered that the astrospace is a relatively symmetrical and continuous steady space which has comparative,elastic and massive dark matter group.Nature and everything in the universe are constrained by gravitation through lifetime,hence they acquire relevant inertia.The astrospace discussed above is concerned in this paper.Regarding the theoretical frameworks of cosmological principle,Mach principle and Einstein equivalence principle,an inertial mechanism of physical object and an inertial force mechanism of virtual force are proposed in this paper.Furthermore,the explanation of issue that all inertial reference frames are equivalent is presented.


The traditional viewpoint always looks to employees as a source of the problem. Examining the relationship between an effective absenteeism policy and employees' attendance behavior as well as their wellbeing at work will change this viewpoint. 219 employees from the petrochemical sector in the Eastern Area targeted for this study. A sample of 139 employees selected randomly for the purpose of this study. 22 questions are formulated to study the main indicators of the relationships between the variables of this study. A selfadministered questionnaire used a five-point Likert structured sent through emails to 139 respondents who represent the selected sample of employees from the eastern area industrial sector. Data collected was analyzed to provide some descriptive and correlations results. Study findings have shown a positive correlation between the variables of this study. The findings show that an effective absenteeism policy might help to decrease the work-related accidents, decrease the work-related illness, improving the overall attendance satisfaction and employees' wellbeing.


The present report describes an equipment of the Time-of-Flight neutron diffraction, which is newly installed at the 45 MeV electron LINAC laboratory of Hokkaido University. The equipment is especially suitable for studying the structure of liquid samples, because information concerning the structure factor can be easily obtained in the region of high momentum transfer of neutron, compared with the conventional neutron diffractometry using a steady reactor. Descriptions are given about an arrangement and resolution of the equipment, and about data processing. Liquid samples of heavy water and deuterated benzene are measured, and the applicability of the equipment is shown to the study of intermolecular and intramolecular structure in liquid.


The high-temperature superconducting maglev-evacuated tube transport (HTS Maglev-ETT) is a green, energy-saving, and high-speed future transit mode. The initial tube pressure is a vital parameter of the ETT system. To investigate the impact of the initial tube pressure on the aerodynamic characteristics of the HTS maglev, a two-dimensional scaled simulation model of 1:10 was established. The aerodynamic drag of the train and the shock wave phenomenon in the tube under different initial tube pressures were studied. The study found that the shock wave formed in the tube contains oblique shock wave and normal shock wave. There is a linear relationship between the range of the shock wave and the initial tube pressure. The range of the shock wave and aerodynamic drag increase with the increases of initial tube pressure. Additionally, the pressure drag plays a dominant role in the total drag. By lowering the pressure in the tube, the pressure difference between the front and rear of the train was reduced, thus reducing the aerodynamic drag.


Abstract The contemporary dynamics of performing arts has determined us to plead for the re/evaluation of the statute of the puppet as actor, as well as the puppeteer"s. The present study might also be seen as a journey from and towards the theatre principles established by Kleist, Craig or Obraztov; a lesson about the poetry of technique and poeticized technique. The analysis of the double dimension of characters in animation theatre - the plastic and the interpretative sides - but also of the role of the relation between puppet and puppeteer has determined us to prove the necessity of using methods that are centered on interdisciplinary and comparative studies.


In this modern days, E-commerce having a rapid growth and becoming an important activity. E-commerce is widely considered   the   buying   and   selling   of   products   over   the internet. With a broadening product range, E-commerce will have a direct effect on bricks and mortar retail. Now the business is moving into this new services, and it will reduce net demand for future additional retail space. The paper concludes that E-commerce will have significant impacts on Bricks and Mortar Retail.


Introduction Weeds are integral part of any farming system. Weeds are more aggressive in their ability to utilize limited moisture and nutrients in the soil relative to cultivated crops. Weeds grow more profusely in high rainfall areas such as subtropical Meghalaya owing to favourable climatic conditions which favours the growth of weeds particularly in uplands and limits the crop yields due to increased crop-weed competition for nutrients and light. The weed species such as Ageratum conyzoides, Spilanthus acmella, Galinsoga parviflora, Bidens pilosa, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Polygonum capitatum, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Amaranthus spinosus and Mikania micrantha are very common in most of the cultivated crops. These weeds are also very common in grazing lands, wastelands, agroforestry systems, abandoned fields etc. in northeast India and some of them are also consumed as green vegetables by the local inhabitants. Most of these weeds are also a menace in fodder cultivation and managing grasslands. A high rate of photosynthesis is always associated with higher productivity, unless sink capacity is limiting. However, studies on photosynthesis and its associated parameters in relation to crop-weed competition are limited. Therefore, an attempt was made to study the photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and other associated parameters in major crops and the associated weed species under hill environment.


The characteristics of a ferroelectric-domain inverted grating fabricated by applying a high-voltage pulse at room temperature in Ti-diffused channel waveguides in z-cut LiNbO 3 (Ti:PPLN) were examined for channel waveguide quasi phase-matched second-harmonic generation devices. The fabrication conditions of uniform periodic domain-inversion were examined. Ti:PPLN with period Λ =16.6 μ m for SHG were fabricated and the performances were measured. A normalized SHG efficiency as high as 473 (%/W) was obtained with 49 mm interaction length.


We consider spatial correlation lengths xi for various QCD light quark bilinears, at temperatures above a few hundred MeV. Some of the correlation lengths (such as that related to baryon density) coincide with what has been measured earlier on from glueball-like states; others do not couple to glueballs, and have a well-known perturbative leading-order expression as well as a computable next-to-leading-order correction. We determine the latter following analogies with the NRQCD effective theory, used for the study of heavy quarkonia at zero temperature: we find (for the quenched case) xi(-1) = 2piT + 0.1408g(2)T, and compare with lattice results. One manifestation of U-A(1) symmetry non-restoration is also pointed out.


Two series of combinatorial library of 3,6-disubstituted-7H-1,2,4-triazolo-[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazines bearing an amide linkage were synthesized. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral analyses. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. Among the tested compounds, the compound 9g (Ar = 4-(methoxybenzyl)piperazine) is the most promising molecule with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 14.24 μM in (MCF-7) cells. Compounds 9f (Ar = 4-(chlorobenzyl)piperazine), 9g, and 9k (Ar = 2-(fluorophenyl)piperazine) exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity at a dose level of 50 mg/kg, almost comparable with the standard drug. In case of analgesic activity among the tested compounds, the compounds 9f, 9g, and 9k showed more potent and consistent activity in both 100 and 200 mg/kg/po doses with less ulcerogenic risk.


Inventory management is one of the most important components of Alibaba's business. Traditionally, human buyers make replenishment decisions: although artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms make recommendations, human buyers can choose to ignore these recommendations and make their own decisions. The company has been exploring a new replenishment system in which algorithmic recommendations are final. The algorithms combine state-of-the-art deep reinforcement learning techniques with the framework of fictitious play. By learning the supplier's behavior, we are able to address the important issues of lead time and fill rate on order quantity, which have been ignored in the extant literature of stochastic inventory control. We present evidence that our algorithms outperform human buyers in terms of reducing out-of-stock rates and inventory levels. More interestingly, we have seen additional benefits amid the pandemic. Over the last two years, cities in China partially and intermittently locked down to mitigate COVID-19 outbreaks. We have observed panic buying from human buyers during lockdowns, leading to the bullwhip effect. By contrast, panic buying and the bullwhip effect can be mitigated using our algorithms due to their ability to recognize changes in the supplier's behavior during lockdowns. History: This paper has been accepted for the INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics Special Issue—2022 Daniel H. Wagner Prize for Excellence in the Practice of Advanced Analytics and Operations Research.


In the present study cod were separately placed in fish metabolic chambers. Ten individuals were injected with a dose of 1 μCi 14C-glucose, in addition to 1 g pure glucose per kg live weight, and 10 individuals were kept under the same conditions and sham injected with 9 g L−1 (0.9%) sterile saline solution.

Of the injected 14C-glucose, 3% was recovered in plasma, 2.9% in liver, 1.7% in red muscle, 18.2% in white muscle, 0.2% in heart, 1.9% in gills and 12.1% in gill-surrounding water. Of the 12.1% in gill-surrounding water, 9.1% was found to be in the form of CO2, leaving 3% to pure glucose and lactate. These results indicate a relatively high production of CO2 from glucose showing a utilization for energy, and a possible route of excretion of excess glucose via the gill membrane.

Activity of 14C-glucose on a concentration basis showed in descending order the following organs to be metabolically active in glucose utilization: gills > plasma (as a transporter) > heart > red muscle > liver > white muscle.

Of the total amount of 14C-glucose injected, only 0.3% was recovered in the liver lipid fraction, and mainly as triacylglyceroles; minor 14C-activity was found in mono- and diacylglyceroles and free fatty acids. These results show very low activity of de novo syntheses of lipid from injected glucose in the cod.


In this selection of his most important writings, renowned scientist and philosopher Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895) discusses his views on the demonstrative evidence of evolution, the physical basis of life, naturalism and supernaturalism, agnosticism and Christianity, and the Christian tradition in relation to Judaic Christianity.


Significance Polysaccharide monooxygenases (PMOs) are recently discovered extracellular fungal and bacterial enzymes that are able to cleave the recalcitrant polysaccharides cellulose and chitin. We describe the discovery of a new family of fungal PMOs that act on starch based on bioinformatic, biochemical, and spectroscopic studies on NCU8746, a representative starch-active PMO from Neurospora crassa. The data support a proposed enzymatic mechanism and show that NCU08746 shares evolutionarily conserved features with previously reported PMOs. This discovery extends the currently known PMO family, suggesting the existence of a PMO superfamily with a much broader range of substrates. Starch-active PMOs provide an expanded perspective on studies of starch metabolism and may have potential in the food and starch-based biofuel industries. The recently discovered fungal and bacterial polysaccharide monooxygenases (PMOs) are capable of oxidatively cleaving chitin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses that contain β(1→4) linkages between glucose or substituted glucose units. They are also known collectively as lytic PMOs, or LPMOs, and individually as AA9 (formerly GH61), AA10 (formerly CBM33), and AA11 enzymes. PMOs share several conserved features, including a monocopper center coordinated by a bidentate N-terminal histidine residue and another histidine ligand. A bioinformatic analysis using these conserved features suggested several potential new PMO families in the fungus Neurospora crassa that are likely to be active on novel substrates. Herein, we report on NCU08746 that contains a C-terminal starch-binding domain and an N-terminal domain of previously unknown function. Biochemical studies showed that NCU08746 requires copper, oxygen, and a source of electrons to oxidize the C1 position of glycosidic bonds in starch substrates, but not in cellulose or chitin. Starch contains α(1→4) and α(1→6) linkages and exhibits higher order structures compared with chitin and cellulose. Cellobiose dehydrogenase, the biological redox partner of cellulose-active PMOs, can serve as the electron donor for NCU08746. NCU08746 contains one copper atom per protein molecule, which is likely coordinated by two histidine ligands as shown by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and sequence analysis. Results indicate that NCU08746 and homologs are starch-active PMOs, supporting the existence of a PMO superfamily with a much broader range of substrates. Starch-active PMOs provide an expanded perspective on studies of starch metabolism and may have potential in the food and starch-based biofuel industries.


Objective To investigate the differences in blood lipid levels between Tibetan and Han people in Lhasa,China. Methods A total of 1 228 people(Tibetan 559,Han 669) were randomly selected.The serum lipids included total cholesterol(TC),triglycerin(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) were tested according to China Adult Dyslipidemia Prevention Guide,2007.And then the comparison of misdetection rate were made.The results were compared by Covariance Analysis. Results Han serum TG was higher than Tibetan(P≤0.001),while HDL-C was lower than their counterpart(P0.001).Tibetan serum TC and LDL-C were higher than those in Han(P0.001).The misdetection rate of dyslipidemia in some Tibetan male adults was higher than that in Han(P0.001).TG levels in female Tibetan and some male Tibetan were also higher than that in Han(P0.001).Meanwhile,the misdetection rate of HDL-C levels in male Han adult was significantly higher than those of the Tibetan(P0.001). Conclusions The Tibetan is high risk people of developing complication of dyslipidemia,especially in male.However,male Han is high risk group of developing lower HDL-C.


The Wa-shu Tonomine-dera Zoga-shonin kogyo-ki, an anonymous work, is an interesting biography of the Japanese Tendai monk Zoga, one of the better-known monks of the Heian period (794-1185). Apart from providing an English translation of this work of Kanbun hagiography, the article attempts to shed some light on the prerequisites of the sokushin jobutsu by comparing this phenomenon with the medieval idea of corpus incorruptum.


The weight of road attribute is the key technology in the development of the navigation device that based the real time traffic,so to fit the driver's requirement of the different route planning, many factors to effect the weight of route planning,and the factors played the different roles to face the requirement of the different drivers.It presented how to compute the weight of the road,along the drivers' prdilection of chosing the road, to analyze the factors, to utilize the AHP method, and to meet the drivers' requirement about the optimality routes.


This study aimed to determine the professional identity concept based on professionalism requirement in Malaysia's new preschool curriculum. Three professional identities identified through works of literature such as professional qualifications, experience and professional development were verified based on the constructed hypothesis to validate the concept of professional identity. The analysis findings showed a significant difference between professional qualifications. The same analysis, however, demonstrated that there was no significant difference on the preschool curriculum knowledge with regards to experience, but there was a significant indication of interaction between professional qualifications and experience on preschool curriculum knowledge. Meanwhile, for the one-way ANOVA test, there was a significant difference in the preschool curriculum knowledge based on professional development. The findings of this study confirmed that professional knowledge and professional development respectively hold a direct impact on the preschool curriculum, while experience acts as a support for professional qualifications.


The development of devices that combine hardware and software has created new challenges. The new built devices have a short life cycle and frequently require upgrading. The software industry attends to these requests with agile methods, such as Scrum. Agile methods apply quick iterations and continuous preplanning based on feedback and past iterations, enabling a quick and continuous delivery for those requests. This scenario is being analyzed when applied to hardware or software development and used along with agile methodologies.


This article presents TPE and TPV based on chlorosulfonated polyethylene and low density polyethylene. Showing technological and operational properties of this compositions. Designed thermoplastic elastomers have a high resistance to petroleum products. Established the possibility of self-structuring the composition in mode of dynamic mixing.


In this paper we explore the nature and degree to which Australian imaginings of self in Asia have altered since the 1960s. We do this in two ways. First, an analysis of Christopher Koch's two novels, The Year of Living Dangerously and Highways to a War, is used to establish the parameters of change in Australian imaginings of themselves in Asia. This analysis of literary texts, we argue, can be used to develop an analytical framework for considering Australian aid policies to Asia as cultural texts, and the extent to which such policies can be seen to be part of a redefinition of Australian settler society towards a postcolonial understanding of the 'white self'. In the second part of the paper we offer a preliminary analysis of how Australian overseas-aid policies have begun to acknowledge the fact of Australia's geopolitical location. We argue that these cultural texts reveal a repositioning of Australian identity which remains caught within a terrain of whiteness.


In this paper we propose necessary and sufficient conditions for the solution of the pole assignment problem by constant output feedback, which is associated with the first order linear differential system. The above problem is always solvable if the open-loop system is completely controllable and observable, and is proved to be equivalent to two subproblems, one linear and the other multilinear. Solutions of the linear problem must be decomposable, that is they lie in an appropriate Grassmann variety. Already known methods compute a reduced set of quadratic Plucker relations with only three terms each, which describe completely the specific Grassmann variety. Using these relations one can solve the multilinear problem and consequently calculate the feedback matrices which give a solution to the pole assignment problem by constant output feedback. Finally, an illustrative example of the proposed method is given.