The article develops the model for forming the administration systems within the enterprise management that provides for singling out the preparatory, main and final stages. The preparatory stage of the model includes the implementation of the following works: forming the information base for the administration systems construction, studying the mission, strategy and targets of enterprise, analyzing its internal and external environment, diagnosing its strengths and weaknesses, as well as opportunities and threats of administration processes at the enterprise, identifying the existing and potential resourcing related to the administration systems construction, and establishing purposes and tasks of such systems formation. At the basic stage, the following works are being realized: developing the working group for the administration systems construction, establishing the planning figures for evaluating the efficiency of such systems construction, analyzing the enterprises business processes, approving the requirements to the administration systems functionality, establishing the requirements to their technological component, developing the technical specifications for the individual modules of administration systems and examining the alternative variants of the software and hardware, calculating the total cost of these systems formation and determining the possible effects and efficiency from investment. In turn, the final stage of the model includes realization of the works as follows: selecting and implementing the hardware and software required for the administration systems, structuring and formalizing processes within such systems, constructing the supportive structures and processes within them, diagnosing the level of targets achievement on the results of administration systems construction, as well as the systematic diagnosing their efficiency level. The directions of administration systems development at companies have been identified (structural, quantitative and qualitative). The advantages of using the SWOT – analysis at the preparation stage of such systems formation have been presented. The potential directions for enterprises' business processes analysis within the basic stage of the administration systems construction have been highlighted. The implementation of the 5W1H model for analyzing enterprises business processes within this stage has been proposed. It is proved that the result of analyzing business processes during the administration systems construction should be reflected as the approval of the requirements to these systems functionality, the establishment of the requirements to the administration systems technological component, as well as developing the technical specifications for the individual modules of such systems and examining the alternative variants of the software and hardware. In this context, an important task is to investigate the opportunities for integrating the new hardware and software with the existing one. It is established that the processes and systems of administration are an important component of company's corporate architecture, so, they should not only provide the certain effectiveness level at their level (for example, to be linked harmoniously with one another), but also influence constructively on the business entity in general. The prospects for further research in this direction should be expressed in the development of classification of the instruments set for the administration systems formation and implementation at the enterprises.


Reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) are capable of long-distance dispersal when habitat is continuous. In the Ningaloo Reef World Heritage Area located on Australia's mid-west coast, M. alfredi is sighted year-round and is a focal species for ecotourism in the region. Despite value to local tourism and demographic vulnerability to exploitation, basic information regarding M. alfredi movements and area use in this region is lacking. Here we used satellite tags and a long-term photographic-identification database collected by researchers and citizen scientists to examine the species' visitation patterns and regional space use. Tagged M. alfredi remained in coastal shelf waters, preferentially occupying shallow depths < 20 m (76% of depth observations). Comparison of real tracks against those produced by correlated random walk simulations revealed directional dispersal and connectivity between the Ningaloo and Shark Bay World Heritage Areas. The greatest linear distance an individual moved after tagging was ∼700 km. This movement range is comparable to seasonal M. alfredi migration observed at similar latitudes on Australia's east coast. Photographic-identification of 1121 individual M. alfredi, from 5146 sighting events, revealed that some individuals exhibited long-term site affinity to locations within Ningaloo Marine Park, with the longest spanning 15.16 years (9.8% individuals > 10 years). Lagged Identification Rate analysis suggested site visitation was best described by a pattern of emigration and reimmigration. While our observations of movement and residency establishes basic information previously unknown for the species in this region, the overlap of core area use with existing UNESCO World Heritage Areas demonstrates the potential for well-positioned marine parks to provide protection of critical habitat for M. alfredi.


The problem to be investigated in this paper is one of controlling a linear hereditary differential system to a fixed function target at a specified time while minimizing a quadratic cost functional. A solution to this problem as well as conditions which determine the interpretation of the optimal solution are found as a consequence of the abstract approach used. These conditions are unobtainable by approaches which do not exploit this abstract method of analysis. The results that are obtained are applied to related linear-quadratic optimal control problems. The problems considered are those which require that the system be driven to a fixed point in Euclidean n-space or to a fixed hyperplane in a function space.


ABSTRACT
An 84-year-old man with prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation underwent PET/CT for staging. 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT did not show significant abnormal tracer accumulation, whereas 18F-OC (18F-AlF-NOTA-octreotide) PET/CT showed elevated tracer uptake at multiple sites throughout the body. Therefore, the patient opted to receive 1 cycle of 177Lu-DOTATATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with a dose of 200 mCi. Encouragingly, radiographic tumor remission and improvement of clinical symptoms were observed after only 1 cycle of treatment.


After the cold war, the international relation has shifted from military confrontation to economic competition and turned to the use of negotiation and cooperation to reconcile conflicts. The relationship between China and its surrounding countries also has diverse development, which causes complex situations of cooperation and conflicts. This development has paved the way for China 's "good neighborly diplomacy". By means of good neighborly policy, China has created a peaceful environment, which benefits to its economical development and national modernization. China and Vietnam are both developing countries, and their economies are growing rapidly now. Now China adopts good neighborly diplomacy to improve its relations with Vietnam . The Chinese-Vietnamese relations have moved from conflicts to normal situation. The officials of both countries visit each other frequently, manage their boundary disputes through negotiations, and enhance their cooperation on economy, trade, society, and culture. However, although the relation between the two countries is on the right track, it still faces potential challenges owing to the change of international situations and the assertion of territorial sovereignty.


We prove that for any finite directed acyclic network, there exists a corresponding multiple-unicast network, such that for every alphabet, each network is solvable if and only if the other is solvable, and, for every finite-field alphabet, each network is linearly solvable if and only if the other is linearly solvable. The proof is constructive and creates an extension of the original network by adding exactly s+5m(r-1) new nodes where, in the original network, m is the number of messages, r is the average number of receiver nodes demanding each source message, and s is the number of messages emitted by more than one source. The construction is then used to create a solvable multiple-unicast network which becomes unsolvable over every alphabet size if all of its edge directions are reversed and if the roles of source-receiver pairs are reversed


he remnant sethoxydim in vegetables and/or fruits were measured by in reverse high performance liquid chromatogram(HPLC) method.After distilled with different solvents,samples were separated and purified,and then an ultraviolet detector was chose to performance the quantitative analysis of sethoxydim.Under optimal conditions,the concentration of sethoxydim shows good liner response to the area of chromatogram peak in the range of 1.0 ~ 80 μg/mL with detecting limit of 0.1μg/mL,the standard deviation and aberrance coefficient of measurement are 0.64 and 1.66% respectively.


The Apostle Paul is one of the men who converted to Christianity, and he took upon himself the propagation of that call, which began when he went to persecute the followers of Christianity and he appeared to him Christ, and he threatened him to return and believe in him, and thus began a new stage of his life I saw the light of this new religion. The search included his first letters, the first of which he wrote before being persecuted and imprisoned, and there are letters written in his prison and another after his departure, and these letters were written in a total of 14 letters between the years (50-61), and all his prayers were opened to prove divinity to Christ, as he emphasized The Return of Christ (coming back) again and to be so soon, the teachings of the Apostle Paul varied with the teachings of Christ that came in the books of the four Gospels, these letters are the first of the books of the New Testament written in the Greek language and the strength of his personality and culture had the greatest effect in imposing The idea of his disciples, in his faith, was that salvation was faith in Christ, not faith in the devotional aspect, and despite his assertion on the ideological side, but he did not come out on some of the taboos of the Torah, especially regarding food such as the sanctity of blood and animal smothered, adultery, and finally Paul did not receive any The teachings qualify him to preach the invitation to the new message, the Christian religion.


Polycrystalline samples of Pr2-xLaxCuO4.+-.δ (x = 0—0.3) are prepared by firing La2O3, Pr6O11, and CuO in air (alumina crucible, 1000 °C, 50 h).


The various experimental sectors of physics in which superluminal motions seem to appear are briefly mentioned. In particular, a bird's-eye view is presented of the experiments with evanescent waves (and/or tunneling photons) and with the "localized superluminal solutions" (SLS) to the wave equation, like the so-called X-shaped beams. The authors also present a series of new SLSs to the Maxwell equations, suitable for arbitrary frequencies and arbitrary bandwidths, some of them endowed with finite total energy. Among the others, the authors set forth an infinite family of generalizations of the classical X-shaped wave and show how to deal with the case of a dispersive medium. Results of this kind may find application in other fields in which an essential role is played by a wave equation (like acoustics, seismology, geophysics, gravitation, elementary particle physics, etc.).


! FIRST MET Anna Ornstein twenty-five-years ago when I took her workshop in self psychology. At the time, I had no idea of the similarities in our backgrounds, for in those days we rarely spoke about our Holocaust past. The blanket of silence that had settled over the whole subject after the Second World War was just beginning to lift, so even if I had known about our common history, I doubt that it would have been a topic of conversation between us. Now so many years later, I am discovering many things about this remarkable woman whose life is an affirmation of her views about resilience and strength in the wake of trauma. From her discussion of my paper, I can see how many ideas about this subject we share. Dr. Ornstein takes issue as I do with those scientists and practitioners who perceive survivors as Victims, inevitably damaged by traumatic events, and suffering from various degrees of psychopathology. In her discussion of my paper, also informed by her reading of my memoir, she points out that sometimes early experiences of exposure to traumatic circumstances can actually be a source of resourcefulness and creativity and lead to an enhanced capacity to grasp complex situations. It is a conclusion that resonates with my personal experience; as would be expected in the presence of a good self psychologist, I feel understood and recognized. Moreover, I agree with Dr. Ornstein's observation that mental health professionals as a general rule have tended to view survivors in very limited and stereotyped ways. In recent years, even with the focus shifting from damage to resilience, I have noted that the concept of resilience is used to explain why survivors don't react with symptoms or syndromes, as if some special and unusual quality is necessary for people to cope effectively with adversity. In fact, the view that inevitable damage or amazing


Meckel's diverticulum is a remnant of embryologic omphalomesenteric duct. It is the most common congenital anomaly in gastrointestinal tract
with the incidence of about 2% in the population. About 80% of them are asymptomatic and remaining can present with complications such as
bleeding, ulcer, intestinal obstruction, intussusception, diverticulitis and perforation.
Meckel's diverticular perforation by a foreign body is a rare complication. Here we report a case of Meckel's diverticular perforation by a foreign
body in a case of acute appendicitis. A 50 year old male patient presented to emergency department with signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis .
Abdomen opened through Mc Burney's incision, appendix found to be inammed and a sh bone perforating the Meckel's diverticulum was
incidentally found, appendicectomy and Meckel's diverticulectomy was performed. Perforation of Meckel's diverticulum by a foreign body is a
diagnostic challenge pre operatively. It is suggested to make it a routine practice to look for the presence of Meckel's diverticulum in all lower
abdominal surgeries.


The present invention relates to their use for the balls determine, process, and agent or pharmaceutical formulation as their use for the preparation of this, the treatment of pain and more particularly a ball crystal precursor and tramadol selected from NSIDs / cock sheave. A preferred embodiment is (rac) - tramadol HCl- · celecoxib: the determination of the ball (11).


In a rat model of fat embolism (FE) induced by i.v. injection of triolein (T), we have shown that the lungs, hearts and kidneys demonstrate severe histopathological damage characterized by organ inflammation and arterial constriction. 1,2,3 Such damage is present up to 10 weeks after injection.1 The renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays a role in the pathogenesis of the damage since captopril (an ACE inhibitor) and losartan (Los), an angiotensin‐II type 1 receptor blocker, prevented the damage.4 After T injection, an increase in renin stain was observed in the kidney juxta‐glomerular apparatus (JXTG)5 and in the lungs.6 The renin overexpression may be related to an increased number of mast cells (MCs),7 and indeed we found an increased number of these cells 10 weeks post T injection in the lungs of the rats.8 MCs in lower numbers were also observed in hearts of the same rats, but LOS did not reduce their number.9 On the basis of these observations, we decided to evaluate the potential presence of MCs in kidneys after T injection.


Native disulfide bond formation in eukaryotes is dependent on protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) and its homologs, which contain varying combinations of catalytically active and inactive thioredoxin domains. However, the specific contribution of PDI to the formation of new disulfides versus reduction/rearrangement of non-native disulfides is poorly understood. We analyzed the role of individual PDI domains in disulfide bond formation in a reaction driven by their natural oxidant, Ero1p. We found that Ero1p oxidizes the isolated PDI catalytic thioredoxin domains, A and A′ at the same rate. In contrast, we found that in the context of full-length PDI, there is an asymmetry in the rate of oxidation of the two active sites. This asymmetry is the result of a dual effect: an enhanced rate of oxidation of the second catalytic (A′) domain and the substrate-mediated inhibition of oxidation of the first catalytic (A) domain. The specific order of thioredoxin domains in PDI is important in establishing the asymmetry in the rate of oxidation of the two active sites thus allowing A and A′, two thioredoxin domains that are similar in sequence and structure, to serve opposing functional roles as a disulfide isomerase and disulfide oxidase, respectively. These findings reveal how native disulfide folding is accomplished in the endoplasmic reticulum and provide a context for understanding the proliferation of PDI homologs with combinatorial arrangements of thioredoxin domains.


The remote monitoring of the elderly and patients with diseases that promote physical weakness are a relevant trend in healthcare. This work presents a smartphone based tool to assist these people, which is capable for detecting a fall of monitored patient and to alert the responsible, enabling an agile medical assistance. Moreover, we analyzed and implemented machine learning algorithms to increase the accuracy of the monitoring process, in order to avoid false alarms and fall detection misses. The initial results show that the selected algorithms provide better results than models based on smartphone's accelerometer upper and lower thresholds to trigger the fall alarms, which are the main approaches observed in the literature. Keywords— Home care, mobile computing, machine learning.


In this paper, the theory of ZCZ sequence pairs set is presented, and a class of ZCZ sequence pairs sets can be constructed based on perfect autocorrelation sequence pair and orthogonal matrix. Based on the system model presented in this paper, and through simulation on MATLAB platform, the performance of ZCZ sequence pairs in S-CDMA, QS-CDMA and A-CDMA system is analyzed. Compared with Gold sequence, ZCZ sequence pairs set has a long zero-correlation zone, and can be used in QS-CDMA system to obtain better system performance with great number of users.


A new Boston College study concludes that standardized tests and textbook tests given to U.S. elementary and secondary school students (grades four through 12) have a deleterious influence on the teaching of math and science skills, especially in classrooms with high minority enrollments. The $1 million study was a three-year project conducted by Boston College's Center for the Study of Testing, Evaluation & Educational Policy, with funding from the National Science Foundation. It analyzed the content of the most commonly used standardized tests and textbook tests in math and science for grades four through 12. In addition, more than 2200 math and science teachers were surveyed, and over 300 teachers and administrators were interviewed. The results show that many standardized and textbook tests heavily emphasize low-level skills such as rote memorization, instead of measuring high-level skills such as conceptualizing, problemsolving, and reasoning. This influences instructional practices and curriculum co...


The present invention is a dye comprising a chromophore acyloin group is attached, to the synthesis method of such dyes, the electronic device comprising such dye, and to the use of such dyes. .FIELD 1


This paper and poster describe an effort by an architectural firm to use theories of space syntax (Hillier & Hanson, 1984) and distance (Allen, 1977, 1997) to investigate the effectiveness of various design solutions in terms of their ability to support informal interaction. The paper and poster will include the preliminary findings of a research project on patterns of informal communication among scientists at three recently constructed research buildings designed by the investigating architects. The three facilities were selected in part because they differed in their overall circulation patterns. A previous study in similar settings found that circulation in research buildings generally follows one of two major pattern types grid or linear each with variations, and that classifying plans by circulation type also ordered them by integration value (Serrato and Wineman, 2001). The same previous study had also found that the majority of unscheduled interactions among scientists occurred in offices linked to highly integrated corridors, and that the farther away people where from each other, the more important the strength of the integration value became in predicting frequency of interaction. With these facts in mind, a new study was conceived to examine informal communication patterns at three laboratory buildings with different layouts and different average distances between scientists. A simplified method for collecting data using brief questionnaires was developed and distributed to 16-18 subjects selected randomly at each research organization. Distances and integration values were calculated and correlated with interaction frequency. Follow-up interviews to discuss to the results and beliefs about the role of informal communication were held with members of each organization. The information is now in the process of being formatted into a "best practices" document for use by other members of the design firm with specific attention to the relationship between circulation type and potential for informal interaction.


Wage polarisation is observed in Thailand over 1987-2006. I attribute much of the increase in top-end inequality to trend-demand shift favouring college-educated workers resulting from SBTC. The rise in low-end wage rates relative to the median is due to the existence of a large pool of hidden-unemployed labourers in the rural sector. Their migration into low-end city jobs could explain the rising low-end wages. A recent version of the SBTC hypothesis that emphasises the effects of technological advances offers an alternative explanation. There is also evidence that the "massifcation of higher-education" is a major source of rising top-end residual inequality.


We study the distributed subgradient method for multi-agent optimization problem, where multiple agents try to cooperatively optimize the sum of their local convex objective functions but subject to communication delays. By augmenting delay nodes in communication network, the optimization problem with communication delays is converted into the optimization problem without communication delays. Meanwhile, the corresponding adjacency matrix associated with the augmented communication network may be stochastic and all its diagonal entries are not necessarily positive. Thus, this weakens some typical requirements for the adjacency matrix in literature. Then with the help of the related result of non-reversible Markov theory, we prove that the convergence of the proposed optimization algorithm can still be guaranteed provided that communication delays are upper bounded. The obtained results show that communication delays induce more updated errors. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimization algorithm.


Mutations in fibulin-4 (FBLN4), a matricellular gene required for extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly, result in autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 1B (ARCL1B), a syndrome characterized by loose skin, aortic aneurysms, pulmonary emphysema and skeletal abnormalities. Fbln4E57K/E57K mice recapitulated the phenotypes observed in ARCL1B. In particular, they exhibited ascending aortic aneurysms, elastic fiber fragmentation and increased stiffness in large arteries, and systolic hypertension. Surprisingly however, internal elastic laminae of small resistance and muscular arteries were intact. Here, we show that the increased pulsatile flow resulting from the structural abnormalities and increased stiffness of conduit arteries in Fbln4E57K/E57K mice leads to increased shear stress, a highly oxidative environment, and endothelial dysfunction related to reduced nitric oxide bioavailability in resistance mesenteric arteries. These data have significant implications, not only for the basic biology of ECM assembly along the arterial tree, but also for the clinical consequences of large artery stiffness on the microcirculation.


Software testing is an important but expensive activity of software development life cycle, as it accounts for more than 52% of entire development cost. Testing requires the execution of all possible test cases in order to find the defects in the software. Therefore, different test suite optimization approaches like the genetic algorithm and the greedy algorithm, etc., are widely used to select the representative test suite without compromising the effectiveness. Test suite optimization is frequently researched to enhance its competences but there is no study published until now that analyzes the latest developments from 2016 to 2019. Hence, in this article, we systematically examine the state-of-the-art optimizations' approaches, tools, and supporting platforms. Principally, we conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) to inspect and examine 58 selected studies that are published during 2016–2019. Subsequently, the selected researches are grouped into five main categories, i.e., greedy algorithm (seven studies), meta-heuristic (28 studies), hybrid (six studies), clustering (five studies), and general (12 studies). Finally, 32 leading tools have been presented, i.e., existing tools (25 tools) and proposed/developed tools (seven tools) along 14 platform supports. Furthermore, it is noted that several approaches aim at solving the single-objective optimization problem. Therefore, researchers should focus on dealing with the multi-objective problem, as multi-objective versions outperform the single-objective ones. Moreover, less attention has been given to clustering-based techniques. Thus, we recommend exploring the machine learning and artificial intelligence-based optimization approaches in the future. A broad exploration of tools and techniques, in this article, will help researchers, practitioners, and developers to opt for adequate techniques, tools, or platforms as per requirements.


Ditylenchus myceliophagus Goodey,1958,a species of stem nematodes Ditylenchus was found in soil around the rhizosphere of plants from Liaoning,Jilin, Shanxi and Gansu provinces in China during 1995-1998. It was described morphologically.


Transmitted from a tower to simulate a satellite signal, a signal sweeping from 700 to 1800 MHz was received using an antenna at many locations inside six buildings of solid brick, corrugated sheet-metal, wood frame, mobile home, and concrete wall construction. Signal levels were found to have structure in the spatial and frequency domain, but not in time. People produced less than 0.5 dB variations when moving nearby and 6 to 10 dB fades when blocking the path. Losses at average positions in a room increased from 6 to 12 dB over 750 to 1750 MHz, were mitigated to 2 to 6 dB by moving the antenna I00 ns). Losses inside a mobile home were even larger (>20 dB) and independent of antenna orientation. The nature of penetration loss of UHF and L-Band signals into buildings with intricate spectral and spatial signal structures has important ramifications on the indoor portable reception of Direct Broadcast Satellite-Radio (DBS-R). These propagation impairments have to be mitigated by a combination of link margin, diversity techniques, and/or the efforts of the listener to place the radio or its antenna in a good signal location. Cost/performance trade-offs are provided for a mix of these measures. The penetration loss into various types of buildings should be considered in DBS-R system design. With proper system design, indoor portable reception of DBS-R is generally feasible given a reasonable effective satellite transmitter power.


The drive assembly 5 comprises a spindle assembly 24 driven by the tufting machine drive shaft 16 with crank assemblies 52a, 52b affixed to each of the spaced ends of the spindle shaft, which comprise offset stub shafts which orbit the longitudinal axis of the spindle shaft A. Links 58a, 58b are pivotally fastened to drive levers 66a, 66b which transmit the reciprocating motion of the links as rocking motion to the the looper drive shaft 31, and the knife drive shaft 34, respectively, in timed relation with the tufting machine drive shaft 16. Adjustment of the stroke of the looper drive shaft, and knife drive shaft, with respect to the tufting machine is by rotation of the crank assemblies, provided with timing indicia 55a, 55b, with respect to the spindle shaft. Also each of the levers 66a, 66b include an elongate slot to allow further stroke adjustment of the looper drive shaft and the knife drive shaft.


Aim. The aim of this work was to study the chromosome set of some representatives of smooth-nosed bats of the North Caucasus.Material and Methods. Various research methods were used to achieve this goal, including that of dried preparations (the main method for obtaining chromosomal preparations) and that of constructing karyograms.Results. A comparative analysis of the karyological data of 11 species of smooth-nosed bats of the North Caucasus was undertaken and the karyological characteristics of the species accepted in the latest reports on the fauna of Russia and the Caucasus were clarified. The similarity of G -bands in large pairs of meta- and submetacentric chromosomes in Myotis blythi, Myotis mystacinus, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pipistrellus kuhli and Vepertilio murinus with bands in small and medium-sized acrocentric chromosomes such as in Eptesicus seotinus may indicate the evolution of the karyotype of the first species by Robertsonian translocation, i.e. compounds of acrocentric chromosomes of Eptesicus serotinus in various combinations. When comparing karyotypes in the family Vespertilionidae, it was found that the karyotype of Eptesicus serotinus is "archaic" (2n=50, NFa=48). With the help of karyological data, the authors composed schemes of phylogenetic relationships of genera in the family Vespertilionidae, which differ to a certain extent from the schemes compiled by taxonomists for representatives of this family.Conclusions. Based on the results obtained, we can conclude that the karyotype of Eptesicus serotinus is the most primitive among the representatives of the order of bats. The primary role in the evolution of this group was played by Robertsonian rearrangements and pericentric inversions (reduction of NFa and 2n from 50 to 38).


Jordan is in a tight spot. The virtually landlocked country is 80 percent desert, and the remaining 20 percent loses most of its rainfall to evaporation. The Dead Sea and the Jordan River, which feeds it, are drier than ever. With its population swelling with Iraqi migrants, water is Jordan's foremost concern.


Two top diabetes researchers are focusing on how the disease affects the pancreas and how new breakthroughs can slow its progress or stop it altogether.


We model policy interactions in a growing economy. Unemployment can persist and matters for the real wage; conflicting claims underpin inflation outcomes; and aggregate demand determines capacity utilization and unemployment. Monetary policy is characterized by a Taylor rule. Fiscal policy is characterized by a marginal tendency to run deficits or surpluses. We address three questions: can monetary policy ensure macroeconomic stability in the absence of coordinated fiscal policy, can fiscal policy ensure macroeconomic stability when the monetary authority pegs the interest rate, and can policy authorities trade-off some sustained inflation for a long-run improvement in unemployment rates?


The relationship between ultradian rhythm of heart rate and schedules of body contact or feeding was studied in five low birth weight infants of conceptional ages of 34-36 weeks. The differential contribution of body contact and feeding to the formation of the ultradian rhythm of heart rate was evaluated by applying two different schedules of two- and three-hour periods for feeding with a single schedule of three hours for body contact during an observation period of seven days. A chi-square periodogram was used to calculate the period of ultradian rhythm. As a result, a three-hour ultradian rhythm of heart rates was detected in all subjects, which seems to correspond to either schedule of body contact or of feeding. However, no clear changes in the ultradia n rhythm of heart rate were observed corresponding to changes in feeding schedules. The ultradian rhythm of heart rate seems to correspond more to body contact than to feeding.


Matlab,a predominate software for engineering design and system simulation, its advantages are introduced in this paper.The technique of how to combine the technique of external engine and compile of MATCOM with VC for applying to complicated program is also illustrated with two examples.


Joints always contact partly in nature.To study the effect of the contact area,the Hopkinson pressure bar test system was used to carry out the impact experiments on different specimens.In the experiment,the small samples were considered to represent the joints and the different contact areas were created by the different numbers of samples used in each experiment.The transmitting coefficient of wave propagation through joints was obtained.The experimental results showed a positive correlation between the contact area and the transmitting coefficient,and a negative correlation between the contact length and the transmitting coefficient.A formula of transmitting coefficient was obtained by fitting the experimental data considering the effect of the contact area.And the correlation of the closure of joints and the transmitting coefficient showed that the transmitting coefficient increased approximately linearly with the increase of the closure.The experiment did not simulate the real joints,but it revealed the influences of contact area on the transmission efficient and the mechanical properties of joint from another perspective.


Now Heilongjiang bad financial assets are higher in proportion, huge in volume of assets, and broad in distribution in China's state- owned enterprises. Hence, we need multiple means and cooperation of many parties to solve the problems, especially, need the government's force to reorganize and recreate the mechanism based on the market, further innovate the means of management and technology, and improve market, legal and systematic construction to increase profit and anti- risk abilities of state- owned commercial banks and to develop provincial finance.


SummaryCytological studies were made of 16 species in 11 genera and 5 families in the alpine flora of Mexico. Only one of these species (Eryngium carlinae) has received previous chromosomal study, and the first record of a chromosome count in the genusOxylobus (n=16) is included. Meiotic chromosome counts are reported for 15 species, and the mitotic count of 1 species is given. Bight species appear to be polyploid, 3 species have the lowest chromosome number known in their genera, and 4 species have numbers slightly higher than the lowestknown number in their genera.


medication. In light of recent evidence for a neurobiological continuum between clinical and subclinical psychosis, in the current study, medial temporal lobe connectivity was measured in non-help-seeking young people (college students) with a range of severity of subclinical delusional beliefs (n = 131). We sought to determine whether changes in medial temporal lobe connectivity are associated with such beliefs, in particular persecutory ideas, as well as with a bias to mislabel neutral information as negativelyvalenced. We also sought to better understand the phenomenology and antecedents of delusional beliefs in this young adult population, by examining relationships to other subthreshold psychotic experiences and childhood adversity in a larger cohort of subjects (n = 399). Methods: Participants with a range of severity of delusional beliefs were identified and recruited from college campuses in the Boston area. Associations among symptoms and childhood trauma were examined using hierarchical regression modeling. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected in a subset of these subjects, and seed-based functional connectivity analyses were conducted using atlasbased amygdala and hippocampus seeds. Also, biases to mislabel neutral information were measured using a validated word classification task. Lastly, a portion of the cohort was followed longitudinally, via on-line assessments. Results: A history of childhood trauma was highly associated with both delusional beliefs and hallucinatory experiences, which were highly correlated with each other. The severity of delusional beliefs in this cohort strongly correlated with the strength of the connectivity of the amygdala to early visual cortical areas. This effect remained significant after accounting for symptoms of depression, anxiety and hallucinatory experiences. Moreover, the effect was stronger when the analyses were limited to those participants with delusional beliefs that had persisted over a period of one year. Further analyses revealed that these effects were mainly accounted for by the presence of persecutory beliefs, rather than other delusion types. The hippocampal seed showed a similar, but less robust, pattern of effects. Lastly, a significant association between the tendency to mislabel neutral information as negatively-valenced and delusional belief severity was mediated by the strength of amygdala-visual cortex connectivity. Conclusions: Subclinical delusional beliefs, particularly persecutory ideas, are associated with a history of childhood trauma and increased connectivity between the amygdala and visual cortex, which was linked to a tendency to mislabel neutral information as negatively-valenced. These findings suggest a mechanistic path by which early stress-induced abnormalities in medial temporal lobe function could give rise to misperceptions and misinterpretations of incoming sensory stimuli.


Underwater wireless optical communication (UOWC) has been attracted to many researchers since it has higher data rate transfer compared to underwater acoustic communications. Therefore, optical devices for this application should be developed. In this paper, we proposed a design of an efficient GaN-based 1×2 optical power splitter based on self-imaging phenomena for underwater application. The design has been optimised and analysed using the finite difference beam propagation method (FDBPM) at 450nm of wavelength, in which the deep seawater has a low absorption. The optimisation was conducted by investigating the effect of waveguide parameters on the structure. The best length and width of the structure were found to be 450 μm and 10 μm, respectively. We have confirmed that the optical power was successfully split input light into two output branches with an almost perfect splitting ratio of 50% at each output port. based 1×2 optical power splitter based on self-imaging phenomena for underwater application. The design has been optimised and analysed using the finite difference beam propagation method (FDBPM) at 450nm of wavelength, in which the deep sea water has a low absorption. The optimisation was conducted by investigating the effect of waveguide parameters on the structure. The best length and width of the structure were found to be 450 μm and 10 μm, respectively. We have confirmed that the optical power was successfully split input light into two output branches with an almost perfect splitting ratio of 50% at each output port.


This paper describes the advantages of non-linear editing and linear editing in digital postproduction of TV programs and their relations and differences in digital production of TV. It also describes the relation of nonlinear editing to digital postproduction of TV programs, its impact on TV art and its demand on management.


Space Very Long Baseline Interferometry(S-VLBI) is an aperture synthesis technique utilizing an array of radio telescopes including ground telescopes and space orbiting telescopes.It can achieve much higher spatial resolution than that from the ground-only VLBI.In this paper,a new concept of twin spacecraft S-VLBI has been proposed,which utilizes the space-space baselines formed by two satellites to obtain larger and uniform uv coverage without atmospheric influence and hence achieve high quality images with higher angular resolution.The orbit selections of the two satellites are investigated.The imaging performance and actual launch conditions are all taken into account in orbit designing of the twin spacecraft S-VLBI.Three schemes of orbit design using traditional elliptical orbits and circular orbits are presented.These design results can be used for different scientific goals.Furthermore,these designing ideas can provide useful references for the future Chinese millimeter-wave S-VLBI mission.


Aims: The aim of the project is to detect and enumerate the presence of indicator organisms in drinking water sources of open defaecation free (ODF) village development committees (VDCs) of Kaski district; to compare distribution of Total coliform (TC) and Faecal count (FC) among various water sources. Study Design: Cross-sectional Study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, December 2013 to March, 2014. Methodology: The study was conducted to detect and enumerate indicator organisms in ODF Original Research Article Pant et al.; BMRJ, 7(2): 81-92, 2015; Article no.BMRJ.2015.098 82 VDCs of Kaski district, Nepal. 44 water samples were collected from reservoir / distribution tank, tapstand and spring. The bacteriological water quality was analyzed by using membrane filter method to detect the presence and its risk level of fecal contamination to human health in study area. The study mainly focuses on two part of the study; laboratory analysis for water samples and questionnaire survey. Total water samples collected were 44, out of which 32 were from tap, 3 from reservoir tank and 9 from spring. Chlorine disinfection treatment was not done in any VDCs. Results: All the drinking water samples from Bharatpokhari and Kalika VDCs (100%) were found to be fecally contaminated and the number of total coliforms and fecal coliform per 100ml water were above WHO guidelines for drinking water. None of the water sources from both the VDCs were potable for drinking. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare mean range between samples of two VDCs and mean rank of total coliforms of Bharatpokhari and Kalika VDC were found to be 29.18 and 13.17 and that of Bharatpokhari and Kalika VDCs were found to be 29.80 and 12.89 respectively. Tap water, reservoir/distribution tank and spring water were analyzed to detect indicator organisms and Kruskal Wallis test suggest no significant difference in fecal contamination level among various sources of water was found (p>0.05). The median concentration of fecal coliform of gravity water (spring) in Bharatpokhari was found to be 95 CFU/100 ml and that of Kalika is 40 CFU/100 ml. E. coli was detected in every water samples of both the VDCs. Conclusion: The water bodies used for drinking purpose in Bharatpokhari and Kalika VDC are heavily contaminated with total and fecal coliform bacteria even though those VDCs have been declared ODF. The water bodies used for drinking purpose in Bharatpokhari is found to be more contaminated than Kalika VDC. The distribution of total coliforms and fecal coliforms are same across categories of source of sample. E. coli was isolated from every water sample under study.


In its ambition of being a global, universalist, and ethically responsible institution, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has recognized the need for the Olympic Movement to engage in protection of the environment. This is a response to an arising public awareness of global ecological challenges linked to the needs of an exponentially increasing human population on an earth with limited natural resources. More specifi cally, a key inspiration of the IOC environment initiative seems to be the signing of the so-called Rio declaration by most nations in the world at the 1992 United Nations ̓Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Since the Centennial Olympic Congress in Paris in 1994, ecological concern has been one of IOC's "essential missions." In Rule 2, Paragraph 13, of the Olympic Charter, it is said that one of the key roles of the IOC is to encourage and support a responsible concern for environmental issues, to promote sustainable development in sport, and require that the Olympic Games are held accordingly. In 1995, the IOC established the Sport and Environment Commission with an advisory and coordinative function. Basically, the Commission has as its objectives


114 West African Dwarf goats were used in the study in an humid location; Odeda local Government area of Ogun-State Nigeria. Data on body parameters were collected from: Heart airth(HG),Body length (BL), Height at withers (HW), Ear length (EL), Hair length (HL), Fore- CID On bone length (FBL), Chest depth (CD), Rump height (RH), Hip width (HW) and Tail length(TL) alongside body weight of the animals. The study considered 4 coat colours and 2 coat types; Black, Brown, TanlWhite and Spotted for the coat types straight respectively. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using the General linear model (GLM) procedure of the SAS package. Coat colours had significant effect on Hearth girth, Height at wither, Chest depth. Brown coloured goats showed highest value of 55.86cm in the Hearth Girth while spotted coloured goats had the lowest value of 50.97cm. The height at wither, chest depth are 42.10cm and23.82cm respectively (P<O.05). Tan/white coloured goats had the value of 5.33cm for hair lenght and Ear length of 9.62cm respectively (P<O.05). Although the coat type did not exert significant effect on all the body parameters. It was observed that highly correlation was showed among each parameters e,'cep1 for hair length, fore-canon bone length and tail length respectively.


The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview on methodological aspects of the information technology outsourcing (ITO) surveys, in an attempt to improve the data quality and reporting in survey research. It is based on a review of thirty articles on ITO surveys and focuses on two commonly explored dimensions of ITO, namely what are outsourced and why should there be ITO. This study highlights weaknesses in ITO surveys including lack of a clear definition of population, lack of information regarding the sampling method used, not citing the response rate, no information pertaining to pilot testing of survey instrument and absence of information on internal validity in the use or reporting of surveys. This study represents an attempt with a limited scope to point to shortfalls in the use survey methodology in ITO, and thus raise awareness among researchers in enhancing the reliability of survey findings. Keywords—ITO, information technology outsourcing, survey methodology


This bachelor work proposes the possible transfer of Veseli nad Moravou allowance organization to a private limited company. The allowance organization is owned and established by Veseli nad Moravou this is the reason we are going to speak about a town property and a property funded. The property funded has to be fund from the town budget. In conclusion of this bachelor work an assessment of nominated solution (weakness and strength) and consequences of transferring Veseli nad Moravou to the private limited company.


Abstract This small-scale mixed methods study sought to explore the nature of the musical learning in the Reception year. Research data from the questionnaires (n = 39) provide some evidence that little has changed over the last two decades in some aspects of the music provision for children aged 4 and 5 years. However, interviews with eight Reception teachers revealed some unexpected findings on account of some contemporary barriers. Qualitative data suggest that children's entitlement to develop their innate musicality within the Foundation stage curriculum may be at risk, as some teachers find the challenges of 'fitting it all' is difficult to accomplish.


After the specimen of wild Apis species,which were collected during May to September 2010,were nominated,an identification key of Apis in China is compiled according to the morphological characteristics. The main morphological characteristics are described and geographical distribution of wild honeybees in China and even the world are introduced in a brief manner. This paper intends to promote the research on wild honeybees and to attract more attention to the protection of wild honeybees through sampling and basic research.


Tris[2-isopropylimidazol-4(5)-yl]phosphane (4-TIPiPr), a novel model ligand for the tris(histidine) motif of many zinc enzymes, has been prepared. 4-TIPiPr is hydrolytically stable and soluble in protic solvents. It readily forms chloro- and nitratocobalt, -nickel and -zinc complexes in aqueous methanol. The crystal structures of the solvates [(4-TIPiPr)Co(MeOH)(NO3)]NO3·2Et2O (3·2Et2O), [(4-TIPiPr)Ni(MeOH)(NO3)]NO3·Et2O·MeOH (4·Et2O·MeOH), [(4-TIPiPr)CoCl]Cl·MeOH·2.5H2O (5·MeOH·2.5H2O), and [(4-TIPiPr)ZnCl]Cl·MeOH·2.5H2O (6·MeOH·2.5H2O) have been determined. The complex 3 shows striking structural similarities to the hydrogencarbonate complex of cobalt-substituted human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II). (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)


A global awareness about the effect of fossil fuels on the environment has arisen during the last 10 years. As consequence of that, in 2007 the EU set a common target in which 20% of their energy consumption has to be obtained from renewable energies by 2020, by setting particular targets to all Member States.
Consequently, there have been huge advances in renewable technologies, especially in the wind sector. Hence, the reduction of CAPEX and OPEX has become an important issue among wind turbine companies in order to make their products more affordable for potential investors. Therefore, it is highly necessary to optimize all components as much as possible.
The aim of this MSc project was to optimize the tower structure of an ALSTOM onshore platform called ECO 122 T89. The optimization process was carried out with APOW software which can converge to an optimal solution using different optimization algorithms. More than 3000 tower geometry scenarios were evaluated by calculating their ULS, FLS and dynamics and the results showed a tower raw weight reduction of 2.87%. Then, the industrialization of the two optimal theoretical models was developed in order to use this criterion for choosing the global optimal solution. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of the tip clearance effect was carried out and it was observed that the tip clearance effect has an impact of 0.3% in the tower raw weight reduction.
This project has been a direct collaboration with the R&D department of ALSTOM and consequently, the results exposed in this MSc thesis are qualitative in order to keep secret the internal values.


The ultimate goal of this research is manipulation of small objects for micro machine application, where non-contact manipulation is preferable. As the first step to this goal, this paper proposes a mechanism for 2-D magnetically levitated movement of a micro magnet in a larger free space compared with the scale of the magnet. An idea for controlling 2-D position of a micro magnet is described. Then, a mechanism which consists of electro magnets connected with a special pole piece is proposed and is analysed to show that this mechanism realizes this idea. Finally, experimental results are described to show the effectiveness.


The corner joints of the fringe frame are the most vulnerable components among RC frame structural joints when subjected to progressive collapse, but very few research focused on its performance against progressive collapse. In this research, nonlinear static analysis method was used to analyze the vertical resistance of corner joint against progressive collapse by finite element software ANSYS. The influence of structural design parameters were also studied through comparative analysis. The result shows the joint ultimate vertical resistance is mainly influenced by the moment carrying capacity of the beam ends and column ends. Consequently, this research could offer reference for structural design against progressive collapse.


The economical activity of transport fits within the broad category of services, but in terms of taxation, transport services are treated as an exception, compared to how services are approached in general. Among the categories of transportation services, intracommunitarian transport shows certain particularities. Therefore, we proposed in this work to address from a theoretical point of view a series of news occured in the tax and accounting treatment of specific business operations of intracommunitarian goods transport. Intracommunitarian goods transport means any kind of transport of goods for which the place of departure and place of destination is located in two different states belonging to the European Union. If over the course of intracommunitarian transport, from the point of departure and the arrival point, a third country outside the European Union is crossed, the quality of intracommunitarian goods transport of that transport is not affected.


The present invention discloses a kind of vapo(u)rization system and air-conditioning system in air-conditioning.Vapo(u)rization system includes evaporator, air feeder, guide part and collection device.Evaporator is upper along the vertical direction to form an annular cavity;Guide sleeve is located on the periphery of evaporator, and gas passage is formed between evaporator, for changing the flow direction for entering gas in gas passage;The lower section of guide part is arranged in collection device.Air-conditioning system includes above-mentioned vapo(u)rization system.Outside air enters in annular cavity through air feeder, radially exchange heat with evaporator, form condensed water and cold wind, cold wind continues to move and hit over the guide with condensed water, cold wind changes flow direction at this time, it is run along the axial direction of annular cavity, interior is blowed to through air outlet, and condensed water is then trapped on the inner wall of guide part, it is deposited in gas passage and is collected in collection device, it reduces and blows to condensed water contained in indoor cold wind through air outlet, interior is avoided drainage occur.


In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, financial stability has captured the attention of scholars and central bankers and has become a prominent topic in the financial and economic literature. In this dissertation, we empirically examine the association between financial stress co-movements and spillovers among several economies using financial stress indices. Furthermore, we examine the interdependence of banking, securities and foreign exchange markets for the major advanced economies. In addition to examining the linkages of financial stress among countries and markets, we examine the relationship between financial stability and several macroeconomic fundamentals. In this dissertation, by conducting empirical macroeconomic and financial analysis, we seek to contribute to the continuously growing literature on financial stability.%%%%Μeτά την παγκόσμια χρηματοπιστωτική κρίση του 2007, η χρηματοπιστωτική σταθeρότητα έλαβe την προσοχή των μeλeτητών και των κeντρικών τραπeζών και κατέστη ένα eξέχον θέμα στη χρηματοοικονομική και οικονομική βιβλιογραφία. Κατά τον ορισμό της Τραπέζης της Eλλάδος, χρηματοπιστωτική σταθeρότητα eίναι μια κατάσταση στην οποία το συνολικό χρηματοπιστωτικό σύστημα διαθέτeι ισχυρές αντοχές και eπαρκeίς αντιστάσeις στους απροσδόκητους κραδασμούς ή διορθώσeις ανισορροπιών, ώστe να eλαχιστοποιeίται η πιθανότητα αποδιοργάνωσης του συστήματος σe βαθμό που θα διακύβeυe την αποτeλeσματική λeιτουργία του χρηματοπιστωτικού συστήματος. Σe αυτή τη διατριβή, eξeτάζουμe eμπeιρικά τις συνeργατικές κινήσeις και διάχυση του χρηματοπιστωτικού στρeς μeταξύ αρκeτών οικονομιών, χρησιμοποιώντας δeίκτeς χρηματοπιστωτικού στρeς. Eπιπλέον, eξeτάζουμe την αλληλeξάρτηση των τραπeζικών αγορών, των αγορών κινητών αξιών και των αγορών συναλλάγματος για τις προηγμένeς οικονομίeς. Eκτός από την eξέταση των δeσμών οικονομικού στρeς μeταξύ χωρών και αγορών, eξeτάζουμe τη σχέση μeταξύ χρηματοπιστωτικής σταθeρότητας και πολλών μακροοικονομικών θeμeλιωδών μeγeθών. Σe αυτή τη διατριβή, μe τη διeνέργeια eμπeιρικής ανάλυσης, eπιδιώκουμe να συμβάλουμe στην συνeχώς αυξανόμeνη βιβλιογραφία για τη χρηματοπιστωτική σταθeρότητα.


Anemia is common in cancer patients, but its impact is often poorly appreciated. As well as the negative effect of anemia on the quality of life, there is strong evidence that it is associated with poor treatment outcome and reduced survival. The introduction of recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin) has provided an effective treatment of anemia, without the risk associated with blood transfusion. A recent randomized study of patients with hematological malignancies showed that once-weekly epoetin β has comparable efficacy at the same overall weekly dose as three-times-weekly treatment. This once-weekly regimen of epoetin β (NeoRecormon®) has been approved by European Regulatory Authorities for patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies and relative erythropoietin deficiency, who are receiving anti-tumor therapy. Darbepoetin α (Aranesp®) has also recently been approved for once-weekly treatment of anemia in patients with nonmyeloid malignancies receiving chemotherapy. The improved convenience and reduced administration costs associated with a once-weekly treatment may result in more patients receiving the benefits of epoetin therapy.


The multiyear diagnostic journey for young onset dementia (YOD) is fraught with clinical and personal difficulties and poses significant uncertainty for people living with YOD and their families. Most existing research has examined the personal and/or clinical barriers to a timely diagnosis of YOD, but less evidence exists regarding system level factors. The aim of this study is to investigate health professionals' insights for a timely and accurate YOD diagnosis at the system level.


Gamuts is a very interesting and useful book. Radiologists and radiology residents in our department use the book regularly. I recommend it to radiologists and clinicians who wish to look up a complete list of causes of a particular roentgenographic finding or pattern. The word "gamut" is defined as the whole range of anything and, as noted in the Preface, a compilation such as this has not been published previously. Since I have recommended that you use the book I wish to call your attention to several things that I find interesting. The Gamut lists are the result of two experts thinking hard about all the conditions under which certain roentgenographic findings are observed. For instance, you see a solitary calcification in the skull and you start searching your memory bank for all the causes. This is not a book of diagnoses based on relative frequencies derived from a large


Video surveillance applications need to segregate human from a variety of objects present in the environment to avoid the performance degradation in their classification. We propose a method to classify human and non-human objects present in the scene using Genetic Algorithm (GA). The initial population (chromosomes) for the genetic algorithm is formed by the coefficients of the Stationary wavelet transform applied for the image and evaluated using the proposed fitness function. Based on the best fitness values, the parents are selected for reproduction followed by mutation to repopulate the generations. The process of producing a new generation and selecting the best member is repeated until the best fitness valued chromosome is met. The Stationary wavelet transform (SWT) has multi resolution property that improves the reconstruction of the image when compared with the conventional Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). GA is a global stochastic search and optimization technique that can explore a large solution space and concentrate the search in the regions which lead to fitter structures and hence better solutions are obtained. The proposed method is evaluated by various performance metrics and found better than other state-of-art-methods.


Patients suffering from Alport Syndrome (AS) have a high life time risk of kidney failure and hearing loss. The underlying molecular cause is a germline mutation in one of the COL4A3/4/5 genes, whose gene products collectively form an important component of the glomerular basement membrane and the inner ear. Recent genetic studies have shown that the AS is much more prevalent than clinically recognized, suggesting that atypical clinical cases are frequent. Thus, patients with AS may phenocopy other kidney diseases. To date, pathomechanistic studies of the AS have focused exclusively on the glomerular membrane, yet equally strong expression of collagen IV can be found along the distal renal tubule. Structural disintegration of the distal tubular membrane may induce inflammation and fibrosis, thus progression of kidney disease. We hypothesize that genetic loss of the tubular collagen IV molecule contributes to kidney failure and may drive atypical phenotypes.

 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH, RNAscope) for COL IV α5, where IHC was performed on healthy human tissues as well as biopsies from patients with AS. Tubular marker staining for localization of COL IV α5 expression as well as spatial changes on consecutive sections. Human urinary primary tubular cells (huPTC) from healthy probands and patients with AS were generated and cultivated in cell culture, with analysis of COL IV mRNA by qPCR and detection of specifically expressed proteins by immunoblotting.

 COL IV α5 was detected within the tubular basement membrane (TBM) of the distal segments of renal tubules by IHC, including the thick ascending limb (TAL) of Henle (Tamm-Horsfall Protein), the distal convoluted tubule (11ß-Hydroxysteroid-Dehydrogenase) and the collecting duct (aquaporin 2). Spacial vicinity of these areas showed a predominance of interstitial fibrosis and inflammation in patient samples with AS, but not control samples with primary proteinuric diseases. Collagen IV protein is lost along the TBM of patients with AS, even in the hemizygous male and heterozygous female carriers of the hypomorphic but frequent COL4A5 mutation G624D. By ISH, COL4A5 expression was mainly observed in the glomerulus (most likely podocytes) and broadly in tubular epithelial cells, with only few tubulointerstitial cells showing mRNA expression. Likewise, the huPTC showed COL IV expression in qPCR, as well as COL IV α5 protein in immunoblotting.

 Our studies show that the COL IV molecule is situated within the TBM of the complete distal tubule, starting from the TAL throughout the distant collecting duct. Although the epithelial cells have no detectable protein, in situ hybridization and primary cell cultures clearly suggest that tubular cells are a major source of the COL IV α345 molecule within the TBM. Renal biopsies of AS patients with diagnostic genetic COL IV variants indicate that tubulointerstitial fibrosis and inflammation starts in the vicinity of the distal tubule. Therefore, we postulate that the pathogenesis of AS may in part stem from the (distal) tubular apparatus, which is already known from other diseases such as ADTKD and nephronophthisis.


The object of the present note is the establishment of the following theorem: THEOREM 1. If { Tn(x) } is a sequence of trigonometric polynomials of order n, and if (1) f(x) T.(x) = O(n-"a) (a > 0) uniformly in x, then the conjugate function and the conjugate trigonometric polynomials satisfy (2) f(x) T(x) = O(n-a log n) uniformly in x. Furthermore the latter order is in general the best possible. For the sequence { Tn(x) } the sequence of partial sums of the Fourier series of f(x), Salem and Zygmund [3]1 showed that f(x) -s.(x) =0(n-"a) for ax>0 uniformly in x implied that f(x) -s9(x) =O(n-a). Kawata [2] pointed out that for the sequence of Fejer means of the Fourier series of f(x) and for 0 1, of course, relation (3) implies that f(x) is a constant. Suppose first that 0 <a < 1. If condition (1) is satisfied, then by a theorem of S. Bernstein [1 ] f(x) ELip a. Hence, by another result of Bernstein [1], relation (3) holds and thus (4) follows. The polynomial Qn(x) = Tn(x) -on(x) has I Qn(x) I <Kn-a uniformly with respect to x. Hence, there is a constant C such that (6) | Qn(x) I Cn a log n. The combination of (4) and (6) gives (2). The argument for a( ? 1 proceeds in a similar fashion to that used Presented to the Society, June 17, 1950; received by the editors March 7,1950. 1 Numbers in brackets refer to the references at the end of the paper. 207


Reaching gender parity in medical school enrollment this year should have come as no surprise— women have represented more than 40% of the US medical student body since 1995. What should surprise us is the marked underrepresentation of women in more senior positions in medicine, even now, despite women's long-standing near-parity among medical school enrollees. The study by Chowdhary et al1 adds to the increasing body of knowledge documenting this concerning fact with a comprehensive overview of gender distribution in the leadership of academic oncology programs in the United States, providing important benchmarking data for the field. In an analysis of 6030 faculty from 265 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education– accredited oncology programs, they have confirmed findings seen across medicine demonstrating that the gender distribution of leadership of academic oncology programs remains overwhelmingly unequal. Women faculty represented 35.9% of the total faculty body in medical oncology, radiation oncology, and surgical oncology programs, consistent with representation of women in the body of all actively practicing physicians as well as academia at large. However, representation of women in leadership positions was lower, at only 24.4% overall (medical oncology, 31.4%; radiation oncology, 17.4%; and surgical oncology, 11.1%). Additionally, representation of women in chair positions was even worse, with only 16.3% of departments chaired by a woman (medical oncology, 21.7%; radiation oncology, 11.7%; and surgical oncology, 3.8%). These findings are consistent with previous studies showing that women hold only a small minority of other visible and influential positions in medicine, such as authorship, leadership of medical specialty societies,2 and editorial board membership.3 A common metaphor for describing the diminishing proportion of women observed at each level of leadership has been that of a pipeline. Some believe the pipeline is simply long: progress is slow owing to the sheer length of the path to senior positions and the lag time before the people who compose the overwhelmingly male older cohorts retire. If the pipeline were simply slow, representation of women would increase initially in the early ranks and then later in more senior positions over time as women who entered medical school in gender equitable cohorts advanced through their careers. Despite near-parity in medical schools for decades, this has simply not materialized, raising concerns that the pipeline is not simply long but also leaky, with women dropping out of the pathway that leads to leadership in the field owing to gender-specific challenges. A multitude of factors contribute to this phenomenon. Thanks to the #MeToo movement and the recent landmark report of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,4 a newfound awareness of the prevalence of sexual harassment in medicine has developed. One newly founded organization, TIME'S UP Healthcare, advocates for treating sexual harassment and gender inequity as health care quality improvement challenges requiring changes to structures and processes that will ultimately lead to measurable changes in outcomes. However, despite the power of such movements, challenges and misconceptions linger, including the false belief that sexual harassment must involve sexual coercion or assault. While egregious instances of assault and coercion do occur, a key insight from decades of research in organizational psychology is that gender harassment represents a wider set of shockingly common behaviors. Together with more unconscious forms of gender bias and systemwide policies that disadvantage women,5 a complex set of barriers contributes to the leaks in the pipeline that leads to leadership for women. + Related article


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer with high incidence and mortality worldwide (1). Curative treatment options for patients with early-stage HCC remain reasonable, including surgical resection, ablation or transplantation (2). However, a large proportion of HCC patients are often diagnosed at advanced stage and with limited effective treatments (2). And the objective response rates and prognosis of advanced HCC treated with several recommended targeted therapies are still dismal only until recently (3–5). Newly-developed immunotherapies especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have definitely evolved the treatment strategy of advanced HCC, due to the encouraging efficacy and acceptable toxicity. Although this is a significant progress, further improvement is still an unmet need. In this Research Topic, two comprehensive reviews introduce the clinical application of ICIs in the treatment of HCC and underlying clinical challenges, which draw a picture named "the past, present and future of HCC immunotherapy" (Donisi et al.; Zhang et al.). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a primary risk factor for the development of HCC (6). And the clinical performance of ICIs in such particular population is still not very clear. A real-world study is carried out in an endemic area of HBV infection, which demonstrates acceptable toxicity and favorable efficacy of nivolumab monotherapy in unresectable HCC (Sung et al.). Of interest, there exist significant intratumoral heterogeneity and disturbed immune microenvironment in HCC. And the striking heterogeneous responses of multiple lesions from a single patient to nivolumab immunotherapy are also thoroughly studied. A retrospective analysis was carried out to evaluate the clinical outcomes of recurrent hepatitis B virus-related HCC who received nivolumab plus chemotherapy or targeted treatment (Chen et al.). After multiple lines of therapy, nivolumabbased therapy still displayed antitumor activity and there were less frequent treatment-related adverse events of any grade in recurrent HCC patients, even for with HBV infection. Indeed, HCC is a notorious tumor. Although current immunotherapy has brought about better clinical outcomes, the improvements are often modest and the corresponding scope of clinical application is not fully optimized. Nowadays, various immunotherapy-based combination strategies have shown early promising anti-tumor activity (Donisi et al.). And more researches of combined immunotherapy are designed to deal with the complexity of HCC. Locoregional therapies not only achieve local control in HCC but also could initiate an immune response by exposing neo-tumor-associated antigens via necrosis of the tumor cells (7). During programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade immunotherapy, HCC patients achieve disease control or atypical progressive diseases (different responses in multi-lesions of the same individual).


As a result of the promotion of quasi-marketization in the flow of welfare reform that reorganized the welfare state regime since the 1990s in various countries, the role of the government as a provider and financier has been reduced in the provision of welfare services, but the role of the government as a manager surrounding the provision of services in the quasi-market has been reinforced. However, the role of the government as a service provision management entity in the quasi-market has been deployed differently in different countries, and as a result of the policy deployment, it is noteworthy that the governance patterns following the promotion of quasi-marketization appear differently.
Against this background, this study is intended to look at changes in policies surrounding the overhaul of the service provision management system, focusing on policy deployment for the overhaul of the provision management system following the quasi-marketization of long-term care service for the elderly, to see how such policies have been deployed in advanced countries with examples from representative countries (the UK and Japan) that executed the reform of quasi-marketization. Therefore, in order to determine the changes in the provision management system that has been overhauled following the quasi-marketization reform of long-term care service for the elderly in the UK and Japan since the 1990s, this study approaches the provision management system from the viewpoint of the "pluralization of provision management" to analyze how the management system (regulation and evaluation system) surrounding service provision in the quasi-market has been pluralistically overhauled. In particular, in relation to the pluralistic overhaul of the service provision management system, this study analyzes what roles are played by the government including local governments as managers after the establishment of the regulation and evaluation system to guarantee the quality of service following quasi-marketization and what relationships have been established with the public organizations that have newly emerged as regulation and evaluation bodies. Furthermore, by identifying changes in the role of local governments following the promotion of quasi-marketization through such policy deployment along with how the new governance frameworks for regulation, evaluation, devolution, etc., have been established and changed, this study captures the current state of pluralistic governance for long-term care for the elderly in the UK and Japan and presents implications for long-term care governance for the elderly in South Korea.


The book reviewed in this issue of the Journal [1] epitomizes the state of the art of quality measurement in general practice. Currently available quality indicators are based on a mix of scientific evidence and expert opinion. Indicators assess processes of care that have been found to be associated with markers of patient outcomes.

Quality of care measures and clinical indicators are typically criticized for the limitations of the scientific evidence on which they are based and for their strong reliance on what can be measured [2–4]. However, an even more fundamental issue is important to developing indicators of the quality of general practice. This larger issue is the problem of the parts and the whole—that is, indicators of the quality of care for specific diseases may not adequately represent the quality of care for the whole …


It is argued that the spectrum of cold dark matter particles on Earth has peaks in velocity space associated with particles falling onto the Galaxy for the first time and with particles which have fallen in and out of the Galaxy only a small number of times in the past. Estimates are given for the sizes and velocity magnitudes of the first few peaks. The estimates are based upon the secondary infall model of halo formation which has been generalized to include the effect of angular momentum. +Invited talk at the DM96 Workshop on Sources and Detection of Dark Matter in the Universe, Santa Monica, CA, Feb. 14-16, 1996


ion if I leave out, for example, the classes of which it is composed. 101 It would seem that Marx engages in what is nowadays called controlled experiments, holding some variables constant and letting others vary, thus accepting this positivistic method. But a change between two different quantities of the same realised phenomenon could not take place if this were not a real possibility.


Method and apparatus for cleaning heat exchangers and similar containers are disclosed by introducing chemical wash solvent and / or solvent while maintaining the target temperature range by direct steam injection into the cleaning solvent. This steam may be injected directly into the heat exchanger, it may be injected into the provisional-loop for mixing with the fluid to be injected cleaning solvent recirculating or for the heat exchanger. The disclosed method is suitable in chemically reducing environment from the heat exchanger to remove metal oxides, also suitable for removing metal species such as copper on a chemically favor of the environment ing. In order to improve the thermal conduction efficiency when heating the cleaning solvent by direct steam injection, by gas sparging, or by being moved a fluid between the heat exchanger in the case where a plurality of heat exchangers are cleaned at the same time , mixed in the secondary side of the heat exchanger is improved.


Abstract Transcription of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) immediate-early (IE) genes is regulated by the interaction of cellular transcription factors with a strong vital enhancer controlling promoters flanking both sides of the regulatory sequence. We have previously demonstrated that interferon-α (IFN-α) inhibits MCMV replication by impairing the transcription of IE genes. To define the cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors involved in this inhibition, permissive murine fibroblasts were transfected with DNA constructs containing the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene and portions of the IE enhancer. The region spanning -1185 to -269 relative to the IE1-3 promoter was sufficient to allow IFN-α-induced inhibition. Since this segment contains several NF-κB sites, cells were transfected with a construct containing three copies of NF-κB element in front of the homologous minimal IE1-3 promoter. Upon IFN-α treatment the reporter gene activity was strongly reduced, indicating that NF-κB binding site is sufficient to confer inhibition. The specificity of this inhibition was demonstrated by the lack of a significant effect on the activity of DNA constructs containing either a mutated NF-κB trimer or an ATF/CRE trimer. Gel shift assays with NF-κB probes revealed that MCMV infection activated NF-κB proteins, whereas IFN-α treatment significantly reduced their ability to bind NF-κB sites. In cotransfection experiments using various NF-κB subunit expression vectors and a reporter driven by three copies of an NF-κB element, activation of NF-κB-dependent transcription was observed with expression of p65 or combinations of p50-p65. Taken as a whole, these results suggest that IFN-α inhibits MCMV IE gene enhancer activity by mechanisms that decrease the availability of virus-induced NF-κB transcriptionally active in the nuclei of infected cells.


Abstract The Dutch Randstad is governed by a complex, polycentric institutional structure. In the past, many attempts to streamline the formal institutional structure have failed. However, within the basically unchanged formal structure important informal-institutional changes have been realized. They present shifts in governance rather than reorganizations of government. They present a flexible response to the pressures of glocalization, in the sense that they reflect both patterns of administrative down-scaling (localization at the level of specific issues and neighborhoods) and administrative up-scaling (regionalization at the level of the interurban conurbation). The flexible response is developing in practice, without a master plan or a master planner, and in that sense more in line with the underlying polycentric logic of the Dutch Randstad than previous attempts at finding the ultimate institutional fix.


Customer management is a process that involves strategic decision-making, which influence the composition of the customer portfolio, and operational decision making, which affect the relationship of each customer with the company. The proposed framework provides the integration of the strategic and operational perspectives, empowering managers to better allocate marketing resources as it enables (a) the increase of the efficiency of the customer portfolio, through its optimization, and (b) the identification of the customers that are more likely to bring profit in the future, through the customer lifetime value (CLV) model developed. The customer portfolio optimization method was built to help managers to define the customer segments that should be the target of their marketing investments. Its purpose is to indicate the customer portfolio composition that will provide the return, profitability and risk diversification desired by shareholders. The suggested approach is an adaptation to marketing of financial portfolio theory. In this way, customer management specific constrains were included to ensure the applicability of the recommended portfolios in terms of either the necessity of acquiring new customers or reducing the importance of a given segment in the portfolio as well as in terms of maintaining the company's profitability. Furthermore, options of estimating return were incorporated such as the inclusion of the trend in the time series based SUR modeling as well as the optimizations were evaluated considering two proxies for risk, variance and Conditional Value at Risk. According to the proposed framework, the implementation of the strategic decisions concerning the changes needed in the customer portfolio become possible through the integration of the results of the optimization with the estimation of the value of each customer provided by the CLV model developed. In this model, besides accounting for the evolution of the customer behavior throughout the duration of his relationship with the company, we also consider, for each customer, his individual return and his individual transition matrix. The heterogeneity of the Markov matrix was reached with a convex combination of the general transition matrix and the personalized matrix of each customer. It, therefore, enables managers to priorize customers of the same segment. The suggested framework was applied to the customer database of a large national company from the financial services industry. Once evidenced that the customer segments can generate different returns and can have different levels of risk for the company, we compared the results of the recommended with the current. The portfolios suggested by the optimization performed consistently better in terms of profitability and efficiency, measured through sharpe ratio. Concerning the CLV model developed, we compared the results with Pfeifer & Carraway (2000) model, which was used as the start point for our model. The improvements implemented not only allowed the estimation of CLV at the individual level, but also increased the precision of the predictions for the customer lifetime values and for the customer ranking, maintaining the quality of the customer equity forecast. To sum up, our proposed framework which includes risk assessment enables marketing managers to have a holistic vision of their customer portfolio and to drilldown into a particular vision of each customer.


A self-developed taper barrel rheomoulding(TBR)machine for preparing light alloy semi-solid slurries was introduced.Relative rotation of the internal and external taper barrel whose surface contains wales and grooves led to an intense shearing turbulence of alloy melts during solidification,and then the semi-solid slurries were prepared.A heat transmission model of TBR process was deduced.Taking A365 aluminum alloy as an experimental material,the related formula between slurry temperature(Tout)and pouring temperature(Tp)of the alloy was obtained.The cooling rules of the alloy melt and the semi-solid microstructure at different pouring temperatures were analyzed.The results show that properly decreasing the pouring temperature of A365 alloy melt can increase the shearing time and shearing frequency for the primary solid phase,thereby obtaining a fine and homogeneous semi-solid microstructure.When the pouring temperature is 640℃,the average grain size of primary particles is 68μm and the shape factor is 0.82.


We present measurements of the two-body decays of the J/psi into a vector and a pseudoscalar meson. The data, taken with the Mark III detector at the SLAC e/sup +/e/sup -/ storage ring SPEAR, consist of 5.8 x 10/sup 6/ produced J/psi's. The branching ratios for the J/psi decays into rho..pi.., rhoeta, rhoeta', ..omega pi../sup 0/, ..omega..eta, ..omega..eta', phieta, phieta', and K/sup */K are measured; an upper limit on J/psi..-->..phi..pi../sup 0/ is obtained. Using the measured branching ratios we obtain parameters of a phenomenological model of J/psi decays, indicating that the eta and eta' are consistent with being composed only of light and strange quarks. The model is used to obtain the mixing angle in the pseudoscalar nonet. The ..omega pi../sup 0/ electromagnetic form factor is determined. The upper limit on J/psi..-->..phi..pi../sup 0/ is used to study the contributions from electromagnetic doubly--Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka--suppressed decays of the J/psi. .AE


Between 1899 and 1911, student strikes and demonstrations disrupted Russia's higher educational institutions. The universities marched to their own peculiar tempo, however, and it was not until the strike of 1905 that student unrest coincided with mass movements outside the academic world. "Students, Professors, and the State in Tsarist Russia," the first comprehensive study of the student movement during the waning decades of tsarist rule, centers on the interplay among student protest, faculty politics, and government policy toward the universities. The author examines the changing responses of students, faculty, and government officials to the crisis of the university and the old regime, throwing new light on the chronic political and social instability of the tsarist system. Kassow's familiarity with source material and his use of narratives from participants and observers alike provide both a trenchant analysis and a lively portrait of the times. Original and incisive, this book will be welcomed not only by specialists in the Russian field, but also by anyone interested in the dynamics of student protest and the role of the intellectual in popular movements.


The purpose of this paper is to develop a general method for optimum design of framed structures with regard to their elastic buckling behavior. In the method proposed here, the finite element method is used for computing the buckling load and Rosen's gradient projection method for optimization technique. To illustrate the wide applicability of this method, some examples of columns and plane portal frames are considered as the problems of finding the optimum shapes to maximize buckling loads for given structural mass and gross geometries. The treated examples contain several basic problems of columns for which exact solutions are known or available, and the corresponding present solutions are compared and found to be in fairly good agreement with them. As for newly treated examples of columns and frameworks, it also seems that reasonable solutions are obtained by proposed method.


In a new type digital image processing based on integrative optical measuring system, a LCD is used as a reticle of the collimator. Although LCD can greatly improve efficiency, but also it has some negative characteristics such as low contract and high noise. Based on these characteristics, two automatic focusing criterions are compared to see which are more suitable for the digital image processing based on automatic optical measuring system.


This paper proposes the design of a reflectarray antenna composed of a single-layered periodic arrangement of microstrip elements constituting the reflectarray plane illuminated by a horn antenna operating at Ka-band. The reflectarray antenna is intended for operating at 19 GHz. The proposed unit cell of the reflectarray is a patch element which forms the shape of 'E'. The optimization of the dimensions of the element is done to get a linear phase curve. The reflectarray plane consists of 81 elements. The designed horn antenna is placed at offset feed position to dodge the feed blockage. Proper positioning of the horn antenna for correct incident angle along with the selection of reflectarray element parameters gives the desired phase distribution on the reflectarray aperture surface. This results in the increase of the gain of horn antenna by 5.4 dB. The 3-dB beamwidth of the horn antenna has decreased from 48.6° to 12.1° in the E-plane and 49.3° to 13.2° in the H-plane, thus exhibiting more directional beam pattern due to the introduction of the reflectarray structure. Furthermore, the cross-polar radiation is significantly lower than the co-polar radiation for the proposed reflectarray antenna.


We introduce a directed search model of the labor market where workers send N applications simultaneously. We find that equilibria always exist and they exhibit wage dispersion, with firms posting N dierent


The essential part of a radio direction finding equipment or ''radio compass'' consists of a coil of wire usually wound on a frame from four to five feet square, so mounted as to be rotatable about a vertical axis. Suitable radio receiving apparatus is connected to this coil for the reception of the radio beacon signals. The construction and operation of the direction finder have been discussed in detail in Bureau of Standards Scientific Paper No. 438, by F.A.Kolster and F.W. Dunmore, to which the reader may refer for further . informa-


Background: In arid and semi-arid ecosystems in Argentina, dominance of shrublands and the search to increase the forage supply for livestock motivates interventions such as roller-chopping and hand-cutting to reduce the abundance of shrubs. However, an integral analysis of the effects of these practices from a sustainability point of view, including not only forage productivity but also other ecosystem service is still missing. We evaluated at the ecosystem level the impact of shrub removal on total production and phenology; at the local level the responses in cover, botanical composition and diversity of vegetation functional groups, as well as the effects on soil physical properties. We combined evaluation methodologies with remote sensing and field sampling in control (woodland, shrubland) and treated (roller chopping, hand cutting) sites in 16 paddocks.Results: In treated sites, grass cover increased significantly compared to untreated sites. However, total production, growing season length were reduced. Tree cover was lower in treated sites, while shrub cover was reduced in the hand-cutting compared to the other treatments. Forbs cover was not modified. In addition, species richness decreased in the treated sites, being higher in roller-chopped sites than in the hand-cut sites, while the species diversity index was only reduced in the latter type of disturbance. Soil mechanical resistance and bulk density were higher in treated sites, while infiltration rate did not change.Conclusions: shrub removal and pasture seeding on woodland and shrubland sites increases herbaceous forage production, but decreases total production and increases its temporal variability and rainfall dependence; it decreases functional diversity and increases surface soil compaction. These responses depend on the intensity of the woody biomass removal disturbance (roller-chopping or hand-cutting). In this respect, roller chopping appears to be a more conservative practice than hand cutting, as it maintains high levels of herbaceous forage production and functional diversity. However, it is necessary to consider the importance of maintaining native forest regeneration, as both types of disturbance affected this process. Our study highlights the importance to design selective interventions in the vegetation, compatible with the maintenance of functional diversity, the regeneration of tree strata and the increase in grass production.


This article deals with the multimodal components of televised situations that the author calls 'iconic' and that revolve around a dramatic announcement or declaration delivered on camera as part of a television broadcast. She argues that, in contemporary visual culture, iconic still photographs are gradually being replaced by iconic televised situations that become established as units of memory whose repeated airings and viewings ultimately gain an iconic status. Understanding this re-enactment has crucial importance in understanding the process by which the experience of the individual viewer or listener is interwoven with the narrative of the televised situation and in comprehending the role of witnessing. The article focuses on the spoken text, the roles of those who partake in the iconic situation and on the manner in which the fabric of verbal and visual elements helps to establish these situations as memorable. The author addresses three situations that were aired on Israeli television: the official announcement of the assassination of Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin, the announcement of the death of Israeli singer Arik Einstein and the video message delivered by the abducted Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit from his place of captivity in Gaza.


This study intends to propose a hybrid ant colony optimization (ACO) and genetic algorithm (GA) (HACOGA) for solving the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) with time window, fuzzy travel time and demand. A mathematical model for CVRP with time window, fuzzy travel time and demand is first constructed. It applies fuzzy credibility and ranking approaches. Then, the proposed HACOGA which combines ACO with GA to accelerate its exploration is employed. It also embeds local search algorithms to generate a better initial solution and improve its performance at the end of evolution. The proposed algorithm is verified using an instance of CVRP with time window and fuzzy travel time first. The simulation result indicates that the proposed HACOGA outperforms previous methods. Furthermore, a simulation example is employed to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for solving CVRP with time window, fuzzy travel time and fuzzy demand. The computational results reveal that HACOGA still has the best performance.