This article is a review of a book written by Mitsuyo Wada Marciano – Japanese Cinema in the Digital Age. The author of this book examines the recent developments in the Japanese film industry at the turning point in the development of digital technologies. The book seeks to overcome the western approach to the subject, reinterprets classic films and explores new trends in transnational Japanese cinema (the term was proposed by the author to explain the situation of Japanese films in the context of Asian countries).


An ionic soil stabilizer (ISS) is used to reinforce clay soils because the ISS can regulate the hydration processes and microstructures of clays. To evaluate the regulation of ISS, natural bentonite was modified by ISS at different concentrations in this research. Water vapour adsorption and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were carried out to interpret the hydration mechanism of bentonite. Meanwhile, an associated analysis between hydration pore structures and hydration mechanisms was implemented through variation of pore characteristic tests at different relative humidities (RHs) to distinguish multiscale pore adsorption of water during the corresponding hydration process. In addition, the pore characteristics were studied via XRD, nitrogen adsorption, and mercury injection tests. Finally, the origins that adsorbed water and pore structures changed by adding ISS were discussed. The results showed that for calcium bentonite, the cations hydrated first in the range of

 0
 <
 RH
 <
 0.45
 ~
 0.55

 , accompanied by the expansion of micropores. Then, adsorption occurred on the basal surface of the crystal layer in the range of

 0.45
 ~
 0.55
 <
 RH
 <
 0.8
 ~
 0.9

 , with water mainly adsorbed into the mesopores. With further hydration when

 RH
 >
 0.8
 ~
 0.9

 , diffused double layer (DDL) water ceaselessly entered the macropores. Both adsorbed water and multiscale pore size decreased when ISS was added to bentonite. The origins of the reduction were the regulation of ISS to exchangeable cations and the basal surface of the crystal layer.


The integration of Web technology to build collaborative learning environment, and systems analysis of Web technology to support collaborative learning theory, technical infrastructure, integration of Web and the advantages of collaborative learning is proposed mode of Web technology and collaborative learning environment architecture model. Finally, Google cloud computing applications - GoogleApp Engine and Google Apps interpreted as an instance of the Web and cloud computing technology is how to integrate, as well as collaborative learning environment integrated collaborative learning environment, as compared with the traditional strengths lie, and given based on Google Apps web collaborative learning strategies. Web2.0 and demonstrated the feasibility of integrating cloud computing technology, technical support for future research to broaden the thinking and learning.


Ultraviolet (UV) radiation treatment is an effective method for purifying pollutant water contaminated with bacteria and/or chemicals. As an emerging technology, purification by deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) is promising. Few studies have used the point-source characteristics of LEDs and have instead replaced mercury vapor lamps with LEDs. Here, we show our recent progress in the instantaneous purification of contaminated water by combining the point-source characteristics of DUV-LEDs with a water waveguide (WW). Before the demonstration, we determined the efficacy of disinfection as a function of irradiation wavelength (action spectra) by constructing a wavelength tunable DUV light source. We found that, as a function of irradiation wavelength, there is a strong correlation between the dose-based inactivation rate constants and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) absorbance. Based on this correlation, the emission wavelength of 265 nm was determined as the most effective wavelength for disinfecting water contaminated with bacteria. Instantaneous 2-log disinfection levels of water contaminated with Escherichia coli O1 or Pseudomonas aeruginosa were demonstrated by using the DUV-LED WW method. We also discuss how far-UVC radiation shorter than 230 nm, which has recently been attracting attention and is known as a safe and effective disinfection wavelength for the human body, cannot give a higher-dose-based inactivation rate constant compared to that of 265 nm irradiation due to the larger absorption coefficient of water with a wavelength shorter than 230 nm.


The article uses archival documents to explain the events that transpired on the Black Sea during the first months of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). Armenia, a large motor vessel that served as a hospital ship, was sunk as a result of a Luftwaffe air raid on November 7, 1941. Almost nothing was known about the disaster that occurred 80 years ago until recently, and specific documents that could shed light on the circumstances of the sinking are still classified as top secret. In 2020, an expedition of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation discovered a ship in the Black Sea, which was later identified as the hospital ship Armenia by experts from the Underwater Research Center of the Russian Geographical Society (URC RGS). We present our own version of the Armenia tragedy based on documents from seven Russian federal archives and the results of underwater research conducted by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation together with the Russian Geographical Society's Underwater Research Center.


To the Editor. —Without disputing the value of linking male pattern baldness (MPB) and myocardial infarction (MI) in men under 55 years of age, 1 I raise several methodological issues. First, if the authors knew that the nurse-interviewers "may have been aware of the study hypothesis," then why assign only three to collect 90% of the raw data? Add to this the likelihood that the data analysts, too, were not blinded—were the study personnel remunerated in part with research funds? Then it is likely that the bias is compounded. Were the hospital and telephone MPB self-assessments accurate given that these could be exaggerated, attenuated, denied, inaccessible to view, and so on? Were the possibly nonblind interviewer results prone to the same errors? Both errors may explain the modest agreements (κ=0.74) between patients' and interviewers' MPB assessments, which usually yield κ values in the region of 0.80 and 0.90 among trained


Let $X$ be a complex projective algebraic variety with Gorenstein quotient
singularities and $\mathcal {X}$ a smooth Deligne-Mumford stack having $X$
as its coarse moduli space. We show that the CSM class $c^{SM}(X)$
coincides with the pushforward to $X$ of the total Chern class $c(T_{I
\mathcal{X}})$ of the inertia stack $I \mathcal {X}$. We also show that
the stringy Chern class $c_{str}(X)$ of $X$, whenever it is defined,
coincides with the pushforward to $X$ of the total Chern class $c(T_{II
\mathcal{X}})$ of the double inertia stack $II \mathcal {X}$. Some
consequences concerning stringy/orbifold Hodge numbers are deduced.


The ability to quickly learn fundamentals about a new infectious disease, such as how it is transmitted, the incubation period, and related symptoms, is crucial in any novel pandemic. For instance, rapid identification of symptoms can enable interventions for dampening the spread of the disease. Traditionally, symptoms are learned from research publications associated with clinical studies. However, clinical studies are often slow and time intensive, and hence delays can have dire consequences in a rapidly spreading pandemic like we have seen with COVID-19. In this article, we introduce SymptomID, a modular artificial intelligence–based framework for rapid identification of symptoms associated with novel pandemics using publicly available news reports. SymptomID is built using the state-of-the-art natural language processing model (Bidirectional Encoder Representations for Transformers) to extract symptoms from publicly available news reports and cluster-related symptoms together to remove redundancy. Our proposed framework requires minimal training data, because it builds on a pre-trained language model. In this study, we present a case study of SymptomID using news articles about the current COVID-19 pandemic. Our COVID-19 symptom extraction module, trained on 225 articles, achieves an F1 score of over 0.8. SymptomID can correctly identify well-established symptoms (e.g., "fever" and "cough") and less-prevalent symptoms (e.g., "rashes," "hair loss," "brain fog") associated with the novel coronavirus. We believe this framework can be extended and easily adapted in future pandemics to quickly learn relevant insights that are fundamental for understanding and combating a new infectious disease.


Renewable (green) energy cannot be provided by the free market because there are three considerable market failures. These failures consist in 1. high costs of green generation, 2. revenue risks for green generation, and 3. diminishing marginal efficiency of green technology. In each of the three paragraphs of this essay I will uncover the roots of those problems one by one. 1. Empirical evidence shows that high costs for green energy are a problem, because existing suppliers of conventional (black) energy set the market price, and so determine the profitability of green suppliers. 2. Resulting too from the price setting circumstances through black suppliers, potential investors are deterred from investing in green energy because of volatility of revenues. 3. Diminishing returns leave questioned how far even large investments in green energy will take us in the long-term. Despite these problems, energy provision does not need to be nationalised again to provide green energy. There are several directions in which policymakers may be able to correct the three market failures. At the end of each paragraph, I will thus briefly point in directions in which each failure might be corrected with familiar tools.


A series of numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the fan-shaped film holes with different transition surfaces on film cooling performance. In the present study, four fan-shaped holes different with the conventional fan-shaped hole were designed by changing the transition surfaces of fan-shaped holes, and their film cooling effectiveness and discharge coefficient were studied under the same boundary conditions. The results show that the anti-s-shaped fan-shaped hole has the best film cooling performance. Under the blowing ratio of M=1 and M=2, compared with the reference fan-shaped hole, the spatially-averaged cooling effectiveness is improved by 8.7% and 23.8% respectively, and the discharge coefficient is increased by 3.9% and 6.4% respectively.


Along with market economy innovation and society development,IT person with ability demand becomes more and more,the type of IT person with ability becomes diversification.As the important culture channel,vocational education training mode must constantly update and develop.The paper analyses vocational education training mode actuality and IT person with ability demand structure,at last it puts forward the cohesion mechanism between IT vocational education training mode and market demand and hopes give guidance to IT vocational education culture mode change.


After the rediscovery of the historical city by the Italian urban analysis of the fifties and sixties and the following European urban projects of critical reconstruction, it arises a new awareness of the historical city as an artifact built over time and the possibility of its continuity. This recovered temporal condition of consolidated contexts defines the margin within which it is defined the architectural design of urban living, here exemplified through some didactic experiments carried out in two cities (Berlin and Milan). Among the ways of interventions, almost in a surgical manner, emerges on often-unresolved urban sites the thematic confrontation with the urban block and the townhouse, intended as the minimum element of the architecture of the city.


. We show that, in gauge theory of principal connections, any gauge non-invariant Lagrangian can be completed to the BRST-invariant one. The BRST extension of the global Chern–Simons Lagrangian is present. In perturbative quantum gauge theory, the BRST symmetry has been found as a symmetry of the gauge fixed Lagrangian [1]. The ghost-free summand L 1 of this Lagrangian is gauge non-invariant, but it is completed to the BRST-invariant Lagrangian L = L 1 + L 2 by means of the term L 2 depending on ghosts and anti-ghosts. We aim to show that any gauge non-invariant Lagrangian can be extend to the BRST-invariant one, though the anti-ghost sector of this BRST symmetry differs from that in [1].


The method of modeling and designing of the car body using modern software tools, in order to obtain as much as possible realistic models is presented in this paper. Also, in this research, model verification with numerical calculations was conducted. Elements of aerodynamics, vehicle dynamics and external influences on it are basic in this paper. After analyzing obtained results with CFD, it was concluded that the model of the car with geometric simplifications meets the criteria of accuracy and this leads to the further course of analysis. The procedures for obtaining results from a combination of more modern tools (CCM+) are presented in this paper.


Diabetes has become a famous and lethal disease among the low and medium-income countries. People could not overcome this deadly abnormal condition due to the current lifestyle, food habit and the genetic transmittance. Medical practitioners provide advice to prevent the diabetic condition and medications to control as this disease does not have a permanent cure. However, the detection of the disease is being a tidy process and deployment of machine learning predictive models to conduct smart diagnosis/detection is vital in the healthcare domain nowadays. Though several machine learning models were built in this regard, deploying a Deep Neural Network seems less focused. Therefore, a Deep Neural Network model was built with the support of complete preprocessing, class balancing, normalization, feature selection process and hyper-parameter tuning using the cross-validated searching technique. The model achieved 88% of accuracy and 0.88 ROC score and standing out as a promising predictive model in diagnosing/detecting diabetes.


Health sensing for chronic disease management creates immense benefits for social welfare. Existing health sensing studies primarily focus on the prediction of physical chronic diseases. Depression, a widespread complication of chronic diseases, is however understudied. We draw on the medical literature to support depression prediction using motion sensor data. To connect human expertise in the decision-making, safeguard trust for this high-stake prediction, and ensure algorithm transparency, we develop an interpretable deep learning model: Temporal Prototype Network (TempPNet). TempPNet is built upon the emergent prototype learning models. To accommodate the temporal characteristic of sensor data and the progressive property of depression, TempPNet differs from existing prototype learning models in its capability of capturing the temporal progression of depression. Extensive empirical analyses using real-world motion sensor data show that TempPNet outperforms state-of-the-art benchmarks in depression prediction. Moreover, TempPNet interprets its predictions by visualizing the temporal progression of depression and its corresponding symptoms detected from sensor data. We further conduct a user study to demonstrate its superiority over the benchmarks in interpretability. This study offers an algorithmic solution for impactful social good - collaborative care of chronic diseases and depression in health sensing. Methodologically, it contributes to extant literature with a novel interpretable deep learning model for depression prediction from sensor data. Patients, doctors, and caregivers can deploy our model on mobile devices to monitor patients' depression risks in real-time. Our model's interpretability also allows human experts to participate in the decision-making by reviewing the interpretation of prediction outcomes and making informed interventions.


(1). If one returns to the G strin g in example (4) and uses the second finger this example would seem to speak for }f tone distance, (5) again for a whole tone; in using different keys (6) will show even Hf tones, example (7) (9) new variants. The picture is most confusing and apparently the only answer that could be derived therefrom would have to be given to the effect that the distance between the two positions depends 1.) on the key, 2.) on the string, 3.) on the finger or fingers involved. This is indeed a most bewildering and unsatisfying result, one that clearly disqualifies such an undefinable position for its role of serving as a stable point of reference. Naturally the second position is not the one and only black sheep in the group as the same question can be asked over again for all the other positions with the same embarrassing result; for all, that is, except the half position which due to its chromatic character is the only one 'n the company that is securely fixed. Another source of endless confusion which points up the need for clarification resides in the following circumstances. Whereas in a certain position certain notes are normally stopped with certain fingers it is incorrect and highly misleading to reverse the procedure and decide from the finger which stops a particular note what position the hand is in. So, if it is true that in the traditional fourth position (or more precisely in Klingler's terms in the position of the perfect fifth) the notes 4


This chapter presents an overview of Northern Kurdish, or Kurmanjî (in various spellings), as it is spoken in eastern Anatolia. The material is largely based on two joint publications with Ergin Öpengin: Öpengin and Haig (2014), and Haig and Öpengin (2018), to which the reader is referred for further details. The variety of Kurmanjî spoken in northern Iraq (Behdinī, under various spellings) is treated in Haig (this volume, chapter 3.3, §4). For the purposes of this chapter, "eastern Anatolia" is taken to coincide with the the eastern part of Turkey, extending southeastward from a line beginning from Sivas, but excluding the Mediterranean and Black Sea coastal regions. Eastern Anatolia is the homeland of the majority of Kurmanjî speakers, but their traditional settlement region overlaps into Syria, northern Iraq and western Iran (see Figure 1). Various estimates put the number of Kurmanjî speakers in Turkey at between 8 and 15 million, but any figures must be treated with caution, due to differences in definitions and methodologies. Following decades of violence in the region, there has been a large-scale diaspora from Anatolia's rural areas to Turkey's larger cities, both within Anatolia (e. g. Van, Diyarbakır, and Mardin) and in western Turkey (e. g. İstanbul, İzmir), and beyond into Europe. Perhaps as many as one third of Kurmanjî speakers have left their Anatolian homeland in the last 40 years, but reliable figures are impossible to obtain. Traditionally, Kurmanjî is classified as a member of the northwest Iranian branch of the west Iranian languages, within the Iranian branch of Indo-European. Besides Kurmanjî, two other closely-related Iranian languages are spoken in Turkey, but are not covered in this volume. The first are so-called Şêx Bizinî dialects, the language of the descendants of southern Kurdish tribes re-settled in various parts of Anatolia in the 16th century. With the exception of short descriptions in Lewendî (1997), which demonstrate beyond doubt the southern Kurdish origins of the dialects, further data on these varieties are unavailable to me. The second is Zazaki, spoken in several locations in central Anatolia (cf. Figure 1, and Paul 2009 for recent summary of Zazaki). Figure 1 illustrates the locations of the various varieties belonging to what is traditionally termed "Kurdish". Just how one would define the assumed superordinate entity "Kurdish", and which varieties should be included in it, are questions that go beyond the scope of this chapter; see Öpengin and Haig (2014), Haig and Öpengin (2018) for discussion. Research on Kurdish in Turkey was hampered for decades by exclusory language politics directed at "non-Turkish" languages (see Haig 2004; Öpengin 2012, 2015;


Background: Health insurance (HI) can serve as a vital risk protection for families and small businesses and also increase access to priority health services. This study determined the knowledge, attitude of artisans toward HI as well as their health-seeking pattern and willingness to join the HI scheme. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional survey used a multistage sampling technique to recruit 260 participants, using self-designed, pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Epi-info version 7.0. Chi-square test, Fisher′s exact test, and logistic regression were used for associations; the level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The respondents were predominantly male, i.e., 195 (75.0%), with a mean age of 32.36 + 6.20 years and mean income of N 29,000 + 5798.5 ($1 ~ N 161). Majority of the respondents, i.e., 226 (86.9%) were not aware of HI. The overall knowledge was poor (6.5%) and the main source of information was through radio/television (41.2%). Nearly, half of the respondents (33 out of 67) identified the concept of HI as a pool of contributors′ fund for only healthcare service. A high proportion of the respondents (27 out of 34) were aware of the benefits of HI, although majority, i.e., 27 (79.4%) identified access to medication as the benefit. The majority of the respondents, i.e., 228 (87.7%) expressed negative attitude toward the scheme; however, 76.5% were willing to join the HI scheme. Conclusion: The artisans had low awareness/poor knowledge of HI which translated to a negative attitude toward the scheme. There is need for an aggressive stakeholders′ enlightenment campaign for increasing coverage.


This is my second review of the study by Naha et al in which the authors attempt to quantify the changes in the hydrological cycle due to changes in the land cover under future climate change scenarios. I am pleased to see that the authors have taken onboard all my suggestions/criticisms of the previous version. Overall, the manuscript has significantly improved and the results and analysis are appropriate for a regional study of land cover impacts on hydrology. I especially appreciate the inclusion of a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of the model parameters. I only have a few minor comments which are easily addressable.


In a previous paper 11 showed that every simple algebra A can be expressed as the direct product of a division algebra D and a simple matric algebra M=(epq); the object of this note is to show that this expression is unique, that is, if A = DiXMx = D2xM2, ivhere Dx and D2 are division algebras and M± and M2 are simple matric algebras, then Dx and M± are simply isomorphic% with D2 and M2 respectively. Let d± and S2 be the orders of D± and D2, and let ex and e2 be primitive idempotent elements of Mt and M2 respectively. If ex and e2 are supplementary or equal, then§ A ^ 6tAe1 ^ e2Ae2 ̂ D2 ; M± and M2 are then of the same order and are therefore simply isomorphic. We shall therefore suppose that ex ^ e2 and, say, e±e2 + 0. Assume in the first place that x = exe2 is not nilpotent; there then exists a rational polynomial


Shows how the Dartmouth (COOP) functional health assessment charts can be used in clinical practice, and provides the brief measures used in those charts.


One of the major challenges for the Gigawatt-class Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor (CFETR) is to efficiently handle huge power fluxes on plasma-facing components , especially the divertor targets. This work investigates the effects of two candidate radiation impurity species, argon (Ar) and neon (Ne), with two different divertor geometries (baseline and long leg divertor geometry) on the reduction of steady-state power load to divertor targets in CFETR by using the SOLPS-ITER code package with full drifts and kinetic description of neutrals. The modeling results show clearly that increasing the seeding rate of Ar or Ne with fixed fueling gas D2 injection rate reduces the target electron temperature and heat flux density for the baseline divertor geometry, which can be reduced further by higher D2 injection rate. With a high impurity seeding rate, partial detachment with steady-state power load at the divertor target below the engineering limit of 10 MW m−2 is demonstrated. In addition, the radiation efficiency for Ar is better than that for Ne. Increasing the divertor leg length reduces the electron temperature and heat load at the targets. This modeling, therefore, suggests that a long leg divertor design with Ar seeding impurity is appropriate to meet the CFETR divertor requirements.


We study randomized experiments in a service system when stochastic congestion can arise from temporarily limited supply and/or demand. Such congestion gives rise to cross-unit interference between the waiting customers, and analytic strategies that do not account for this interference may be biased. In current practice, one of the most widely used ways to address stochastic congestion is to use switchback experiments that alternatively turn a target intervention on and off for the whole system. We find, however, that under a queueing model for stochastic congestion, the standard way of analyzing switchbacks is inefficient, and that estimators that leverage the queueing model can be materially more accurate. We also consider a new class of experimental design, which can be used to estimate a policy gradient of the dynamic system using only unit-level randomization, thus alleviating key practical challenges that arise in running a switchback.


Early printed books from the Krakow Town Archives of Former Records in the resources of the National Archives in Krakow. Initial investigation, provenance analysis

The collection of early printed books stored in the National Archives in Krakow has not been processed so far. This article aims to approximate the current state of knowledge regarding the contents of the collection. The historic book collection of the Archives, represented by both Polish and foreign printed books covering various subjects, numbers slightly over 650 works issued before 1801. Included in this number are 28 early printed books from the 16th century, 210 from the 17th century and 413 from the 18th century. The oldest one – Liber horarum canonicarum secundum veram rubricam sive notulam ecclesiae Cracoviensis – was issued in 1508 by the publishing house of Jan Haller in Krakow. The origins of the early printed books vary – they come from donations, acquisitions of archival materials as well as purchases. The greatest number come from donations, with the following donors worthy of special mention: Ambroży Grabowski, Józef Seruga and Franciszek Biesiadecki, as well as Józef Muczkowski, Karol Estreicher and others. An invaluable part of the collection (61 works) are the printed books from the library of Hieronim Pinocci (1612–1676), a merchant, royal secretary and diplomat, acquired from the town archives at the end of the 19th century. Many works, especially those concerning the history of Krakow, were also purchased using the funds of the Archives. The early printed books gathered in the library of the National Archives in Krakow create a particularly valuable collection, which may also be a source of information concerning provenance.


Kongjie lead-zinc deposit was outputted on the contact zone between sparite of Permian System and calcarenite of Paleo-Neogene,the wallrock alteration includes carbonatization and Si-alteration,its genetic origin type is meso-epithermal deposit concerned with overthrust(nappe)of Cenozoic Era,its mineral type should be like Mississippi-valley,and is like Jinding lead-zinc deposit of Yunnan Province in deposit characteristics.


This paper deeply analyzes and studies the ship path planning problem. An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm named chaos multi-population particle swarm optimization(CMPSO) is designed for ship path planning. Firstly, the marine environment model is established based on the link graph method, and the Dijkstra algorithm is used to plan the initial path; Secondly, the improved particle swarm algorithm is used for path planning, a multi-population mechanism is established to balance the population's global search ability and local search ability; Finally, simulate the initial path planning and global static path planning. The results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance than path planning algorithm based on linearly decreasing weight particle swarm optimization(LDW-PSO).


MANY ICHTHYOLOGISTS have tended to assume extreme positions as to whether observed differences between populations of a given species of fish are caused by genetic differences or merely by dissimilarities of environments. Early workers were inclined to regard differences, especially countable ones, as indicative of genetic divergence alone. Many of these forms were formally recognized as subspecies, or species (examples are cited in Jensen, 1944). The weight of thought swung the opposite direction after the discovery that characters could be altered through manipulation of the environment. Now ichthyologists commonly assume differences between populations of a species are environmentally induced unless a genetic basis can be demonstrated experimentally. The bulk of recent literature, however, is concerned primarily with the elucidation of the effect of environment on a given genetic stock. The problem of genetic divergence between populations of a fish species, or within a single population, has not received as much attention and evidence along these lines, therefore, is meager (but see Gordon, 1957). It is essential to the progress of systematic ichthyology, as well as to the planning of experiments on this problem, that the nature of morphological variation in fishes be properly understood. Since the early papers by Hubbs, only Taning (1952) has reviewed this subject. Taning stressed the role of the environment in determining meristic characters, and also fostered the misleading notion of daydegrees. The primary objective of the article at hand is to put forth arguments to support what is meant to be a more balanced point of view. Morphological clines, especially for those forms which have somewhat disjunct populations, are regarded as the consequences of environmental modifications coupled with adaptive genetic changes. In the course of writing the article it also became necessary to reconsider the problem of the production of variation in fishes, particularly, meristic variation.' As a result, a refinement of Hubbs's (1926) hypothesis has been developed to account for the genesis of meristic variation in the hope it may give direction to the design of future experiments.


We are exposed to thousands of scientific reports presented at meetings and published in the medical literature. This external information should stimulate us to try and improve our quality of care. Do we identify and implement this 'evidence' in our clinical practice? How do we personalize and use it? We should reflect on the evidence and on our modus operandi. As with the term modus vivendi, modus operandi has two meanings. It is usually translated and understood as the way we act or operate, but being a Latin gerundive it also means 'the way we should act'. Besides appraisal of the evidence reported in the literature, identification of potentially less evident clinical problems in an individual or team practice is of paramount importance. Clinicians should be consulted about the development of relevant IT support in order to collect data and document local quality and outcome, i.e. local evidence. Managerial structures should support and facilitate local audits. Indeed, local evidence or audit frequently is a prerequisite to assure there is room for change and improvement. The problem with external evidence is that the scientific sky is not always clear. Data may be conflicting and ⁄ or confusing. The systematic review of economic evaluations of laparoscopic vs open surgery for colorectal cancer is a good example [1]. Despite conflicting data and uncertainties, an increasing number of departments have implemented the minimally invasive approach for colonic resections and it is applied to an increasing number of patients, as illustrated for Denmark by Schulze et al. [2]. The authors formulate some criticisms, such as the nonuse of fast-track methodology, and discuss the acceptability of the current development, i.e. the implementation of laparoscopic colonic resections in low volume departments. Should every surgeon opt for laparoscopic colonic resection? Should it be performed more often? No doubt the laparoscopic (r)evolution will not stop. In principle, as laparoscopic surgery does not seem to affect oncological outcome adversely in patients with colorectal cancer, all departments taking care of patients with this disease are justified to implement the laparoscopic approach if they have not yet done so. The best defence against critics pointing to inferior results is transparency by means of participation in national registries or projects with regular internal audit and national benchmarking. Most importantly, laparoscopic colorectal surgery should be intensively taught in training centres to reduce the duration and risks of the learning curve of young surgeons. Another challenge in colorectal surgery is the decision whether or not to construct a defunctioning stoma during restorative proctectomy. Lovegrove et al. advocate the selective omission of a covering ileostomy following stapled ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) [3]. After 36 patients with routine diversion, the single surgeon involved adopted a 'selective approach', constructing a defunctioning stoma in only 5.5% of patients operated on between 1993 and 2006. A recent metaanalysis of 17 studies on 1486 patients concluded that IPAA without a defunctioning stoma increased the risk of anastomotic leakage and that a diverting ileostomy should be omitted in carefully selected patients only [4]. This suggests that a defunctioning stoma can be avoided in a minority of patients. Another recent systematic review and meta-analysis on the role of a defunctioning stoma after low anterior resection for rectal cancer recommends the routine use of a defunctioning stoma [5]. So, what is one to do? Perhaps the same as Andrew Shorthouse did. He changed policy on the basis of an internal audit performed in 1993 revealing that most complications in patients with routine diversion were related to ileostomy formation or reversal. These findings were in line with reports from several centres in the early 1990s and a single underpowered randomized controlled trial indicating the safety of IPAA without temporary ileostomy. However, we should also scrutinize and manage cases in the same way and check whether we are also able to achieve the very low anastomotic leak rate of 3.5% after IPAA without stoma, as was reported. In summary, the reasons for selective diversion in this surgical practice were hand-sewn anastomosis, intraoperative soiling, incomplete donuts, positive air-test, short mesentery, blood loss, serosal tear of the pouch or pouch salvage. Criteria for ileostomy omission in patients on steroids included a normal haemoglobin and serum albumin in a clinically well patient, in whom there had been no adverse technical events. Interestingly, there was a change in practice over time from IPAA formation in patients on steroids, to staged colectomy followed by IPAA when off steroids [3]. The adaptation of the modus operandi to external evidence is slow and multifactorial, as illustrated by the implementation of neoadjuvant short course radiotherapy (RT) in patients with rectal cancer by members of the ACPGBI [6]. Stewart et al. from St Louis, USA present the results of an internal audit and a search for disease free survival (DFS) predictors in 304 patients with rectal


This work focuses on teenagers' view of domestic violence. The chosen issues represent the primary definition of theoretical knowledge connected with this serious pathological phenomenon. The aim of this work is to define the current state of domestic violence and the conditions of protecting victims against domestic violence.


Humosexually Speaking - Laughter and the Intersections of Gender investigates the social function of humour produced in , against and about gender variant communities of speakers, in both verbal and multimodal forms. The editors' leading idea was to ignite an academic discussion on the several and often hidden ways through which humour succeeds in constantly strengthening and/or re-interpreting, but also dismantling, the social dimension of language. One of the possible results of such a political and social act is the fostering of the cultural exclusion of some gendered, or rather de-generated – as some discriminated groups tend to be commonly alleged to be – minority communities. Additionally, since humour may also work to signify the recurring upsetting of pre-established social beliefs through the systematic threatening of the familiar, the normative, and what is universally deemed as socially acceptable or "normal", debates on any form of humorous self-representation of gendered identities were also vivid in the editors' minds. In particular, it seemed fascinating to encouraging a discussion on the way LGBTI communities, just like other marginalised groups, would employ humour to support and reinforce their own in-group sense of community, by mocking typically stereotyped representations of gender variant people who laugh at and with themselves. Although LGBTI humour is still a very hot topic in our western world, one reason for the lack of a real academic confrontation on its social and political mechanisms resides in the very difficult challenge of defining it. Specifically, despite a convincing semantic linguistic theory of humour introduced by Raskin (1985) and later developed by Attardo (1994; 2001), the cultural mechanisms underlying some jokes laughing about human relationships by queering the scene, for instance, are still an unexplored topic.


This paper analyzes the propensity of business school alumni to give (or not give) cash donations to their alma mater. A utility maximization model is estimated using logistic regression and survey sample data of 1955–56 to 1990–91 graduates of a large US category I Carnegie Foundation research doctorate public university. Maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters fitted the observed data well. The probability of alumni giving has positive and strong associations with: specific fields of major; time since alumni graduated; other family members graduating from this university; children who are 18 years or older not residing at home; number of other cash-giving alumni known; household income levels; occupations of alumni and spouses; giving of cash gifts to other educational institutions and a number of charitable organizations with global outreach; charitable volunteering of time; availability of matching gift programmes at work; and how alumni view their educational experiences at the business ...


Over the past 20 years, not only has Europe witnessed an increasing prominence of right-wing political groups, European governments have also moved to regulate Muslims and how they practice their faith.1 Contrary to this negative form of regulation, I propose through drawing on the theoretical insights of Michel Foucault that the agencies of European governments—focusing here on the government of Ireland—can regulate the societal position of Muslims in a manner that protects against Islamophobia. Islamic communities in Ireland are rich in their cultural and religious diversity. Nevertheless, there exists a paucity of data vis-à-vis Muslims and their experience of racism in Ireland. Put in an international context, Muslims are increasingly vulnerable to prejudice and discrimination on the basis of their faith and the ascribed negative imagery. I contend that the effective collection of data by State agencies is not only necessary to gauge levels of Islamophobia in Ireland, but that this data would also increase the effectiveness of State policies. Furthermore, I contend that if Islamophobia is to be challenged, moves must be made to pathologize this form of racism. This can be achieved by the systematic collection of disaggregated data that illuminates the levels of Islamophobia that exist in society. Effective data collection of this sort could be instrumental in increasing the utility of future State policies designed to combat racist sentiment directed towards Muslims as propagated by right-wing groups and others.


The paper makes a detailed analysis of the random numbers' application issue,and provides an algorithm for their application in C.Through this application,the learners can observe clearly the whole process of solving the problem.


1. Calcitonin secretion is regulated by the external Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o) via a rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The mechanism which couples an increase in [Ca2+]o to an increase in [Ca2+]i was explored in a rat calcitonin‐secreting cell line (rMTC 44‐2). [Ca2+]i was monitored using Fura‐2 AM, and the membrane potential or current was simultaneously measured. 2. Using the conventional whole‐cell clamp, tetrodotoxin‐sensitive voltage‐gated Na+ channels, T‐ and L‐type Ca2+ channels, and three types of K+ channels, the delayed K+ channel, the A‐channel and the inward‐rectifying channel were observed. 3. Using the nystatin‐perforated whole‐cell‐clamp technique, the resting potential measured under current clamp in standard extracellular medium was ‐59.0 +/‐ 5.0 mV (mean +/‐ S.D., n = 25), and the input resistance was 3.9 +/‐ 1.9 G omega (n = 10). In 0.5 mM [Ca2+]o most cells (22/25) showed spontaneous action potentials. 4. An increase in [Ca2+]o depolarized the cell membrane and elevated [Ca2+]i even in the presence of 10 microM‐tetrodotoxin. The rise in [Ca2+]i was greatly reduced when action potentials were inhibited by applying hyperpolarizing current. The increase in [Ca2+]i saturated with 3‐4 mM [Ca2+]o. In 3 mM [Ca2+]o, [Ca2+]i was 188.9 +/‐ 40.5% (n = 12) of that in 0.5 mM [Ca2+]o. 5. In high [Ca2+]o the duration of action potentials was prolonged, but the action potential frequency did not always increase. In some cases it even decreased in high [Ca2+]o. 6. Two types of action potential were observed in high [Ca2+]o, one with a shorter duration and the other with a longer duration. [Ca2+]i transiently increased in association with the long‐duration action potentials. These long‐duration action potentials were also accompanied by a larger after‐hyperpolarization. 7. Under voltage clamp, high [Ca2+]o caused a membrane conductance increase to Na+ ions. 8. Even when the membrane potential was clamped at a level below the threshold for Ca2+ channel activation, high [Ca2+]o provoked an increase of [Ca2+]i which was composed of an initial transient increase followed by a sustained increase, indicating an involvement of mechanisms other than Ca2+ influx through voltage‐gated channels. The sustained increase was more frequently observed than the initial transient increase. The amplitude of the sustained phase was dependent on [Ca2+]o, and in 5 mM [Ca2+]o it was 120.9 +/‐ 18.9% (103‐194%) (n = 58) of that in 0.5 mM [Ca2+]o.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)


Thank you for downloading for her own good 150 years of the experts advice to women. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite novels like this for her own good 150 years of the experts advice to women, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their computer.


Laboratory tests with adult female European red mites, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), showed that toxicity of propargite was correlated with temperature; toxicity was 4.75-fold higher at 24°C than at 15°C. Mortality of female European red mites was higher on foliage treated with an emulsifiable (6 EC) formulation of propargite than with a wettable powder (30 WP) formulation both in the laboratory and in the field. In laboratory tests, higher mortalities were observed on peach compared with apple foliage. Investigations using the scanning electron microscope, fluorescent dyes, and analysis of field-treated foliar residues did not explain the increased toxicity of the emulsifiable formulation. Scanning electron microscope studies showed discrete deposits formed from dried spray droplets of propargite 30 WP suspension on leaf surfaces, but there were no visible deposits on leaf surfaces treated with propargite 6 EC. Deposits of both formulations mixed with fluorescent dye appeared similar under short-wave ultraviolet light. Amounts of residue recovered from 6 EC and 30 WP applications to field-treated apple foliage were dependent on initial application rates of both formulations and were not associated with a particular formulation. Rate of residue loss for the EC formulation was not significantly different than that for the WP formulation.


This paper presents the radio frequency power detector design for the bias control of the power amplifiers using a DC to DC converter. Non-diode type power detector has large bandwidth which is important for fast tracking of the non-constant envelope RF signal such as in WCDMA (wideband CDMA) system. The measured result shows the output voltage of power detector from 0.77V at low output power to 1.806V at 27.5dBm output. The variation of the detector output voltage is less than 60mV because of the temperature compensated current sources when the ambient temperature is varied from -30°C to 85°C.


Noise in the optical fiber sensing system, produced in laser, transmission, demodulation and environment, reduces the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and the measuring accuracy of the whole system . In this paper, a statistical approach based on Kalman-filter is undertaken to removal noise of the measured object real time, and then to improve the accuracy of the fiber sensing system. The temperature induced by fiber sensing is modeled as a discrete-time state variable by a Gauss-Markov random process with the Gaussian white and additive noise in the linear dynamic system. Based on Bayesian MAP Inference and minimum mean-square error criterion (MMSE), gain of the kalman-filter and the state error covariance can be regulated by Measurement Update equations to correct posteriori state estimate. Such recursive algorithm can finally get the optimum estimator of the state through time. The performances of the model and the algorithm are investigated in the DOFS temperature sensing system. Variance is used to evaluate its performance in noise removal. At the same time, the experimental results of the method proposed is compared with original measurement data analysis. The algorithm performs more improvement in accuracy of the fiber sensing system, and implements the real-time measurement.


The present study set out to examine alterations in the biomechanical characteristics of large-artery wall in response to moderate blood flow increase, as such information is scarce in the literature. For this purpose, a shunt was created between the right carotid artery and ipsilateral jugular vein in a porcine animal model, as a result of which pressure remained unchanged but flow doubled at the proximal arterial segment until animal sacrifice one month later. The shunted and contralateral arterial (proximal) segments were excised for morphological observation, i.e. delineation of the stress-free geometry, and triaxial mechanical testing, i.e. pressurization and longitudinal extension. Blood flow elevation was accompanied by significant lumen enlargement and wall thickening at in-vivo conditions, allowing restoration of shear and intramural-stresses to homeostatic values within one month. The diameter range and shape of the diameter-pressure curves of shunted arteries was also modified, indicating alterations in elastic properties. At mean working pressures, compliance increased and elastic modulus decreased in shunted than contralateral arteries. Our data imply that the arterial morphology under sustained flow-overload adapts within the one-month period of our study, in order to normalize intimal shear and intramural stresses, but this is not the case with the biomechanical characteristics.


Physicists agree that large-scale methodologies are an interesting new topic in the field of artificial intelligence, and mathematicians concur. Given the current status of optimal epistemologies, software engineers shockingly desire the synthesis of the UNIVAC computer, which embodies the unproven principles of algorithms. Our focus in this paper is not on whether operating systems and multicast applications are usually incompatible, but rather on describing a robust tool for developing SMPs (Luxurist) [25].


The development of embedded and real-time systems for Machine Learning data processing is challenging (e.g. IoT). Low latency, low power consumption and reduced hardware complexity should be the characteristics of such systems. Considering prosthetic applications, which are error-tolerant, a technique that tunes the precision of operands and operations has been chosen for a Machine Learning algorithm used for tactile data processing. This paper presents the implementation of a Tunable Floating-Point (TFP) representation into a Singular-Value Decomposition (SVD) algorithm based on the One-Sided Jacobi method. The TFP representations demonstrate high performance and efficiency improvements of the SVD algorithm.


LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Hwang et al and Hwang & Lee papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16131 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16158


In pursuit of bioplastics which require a controlled biopolymer molecular weight, consistency, and supply, we have examined the chitin in the molts of farm raised Hybrid (H1) Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) by collecting the molts during the shrimp growth cycle, sorting by shrimp average body weight (ABW), and extracting the chitin from the molts using the ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]). The amount of available chitin in the molts increases with the age/size of the molting shrimp, 19% in juveniles to 22% in adults. As expected from the biology of molting, the chitin in the final shell peeled from the adult shrimp contained the most chitin (29%). It is neither easier nor harder to extract the chitin from molts or peels, and the extracted chitin was equivalent in purity and degree of acetylation with comparable extraction efficiency (67% for molts, 63% for peels). In addition, the weight average molecular weight (MW) of the chitin has the potential to be controlled by shrimp age/size. The MWs of the chitin in the smaller animals (5–10 and 10–20 g ABW) were comparable at ∼4–5 MDa, while the chitin obtained from the large adult molts (30–40+ g ABW) exhibited a significantly higher MW of 23 MDa. Thus, by collecting and using the shrimp molts, the industrial viability of chitin can be improved by providing both a larger amount of chitin per shrimp (an ca. 8-fold increase) and by providing the opportunity to extract chitin of a specific MW.


With a small cross section, a light deadweight and a convenient replaceable tendon, externally prestressed bridges have many special traits compared with other bridges. With a practical case, this paper analyzes the design of externally prestressed steel box girder bridges, which contains the bridge span, beam construction, externally prestressed layout, substructure and construction programs. Through economic, social analysis, discusses the prospects for the application of external prestressing structure .


When different methods for increasing the isolation between antennas are studied, the matching of antennas must be taken into account as it affects the observed isolation values. The effect of antenna matching can be removed by sequentially matching two antennas simultaneously at each frequency. In the paper the resulting isolation is called electromagnetic isolation. It gives a worst-case isolation that is independent of the antenna matching. The simultaneous matching is carried out using a recently developed formula that utilizes the theory of power waves. Two examples of the application of electromagnetic isolation to antenna design are provided. (5 pages)


Marc Sageman is an independent scholar on terrorism. After graduating from Harvard, he obtained an MD. and a PhD. (sociology) from New York University. He was a flight surgeon in the US. Navy and a case officer at the Central Intelligence Agency where he spent three years supporting the Afghan Mujahedin resistance against the Soviet occupation. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, he returned to medicine and became a clinical and forensic psychiatrist at the University of Pennsylvania, where he taught courses on law and psychiatry, the Holocaust, and terrorism at both the graduate and undergraduate levels. After 9/11, he focused on terrorism. He was a consultant for the US. Secret Service, a 'scholar in residence' at the New York Police Department, a special advisor to the US. Army Deputy Chief of Staff (Intelligence) on the 'insider threat' (terrorists and spies), and a political officer for the International Security Assistance Force in Kabul. He testified before both the 9/11 Commission in the US. and the Beslan Commission in Russia. He has extensively consulted with most national security agencies in the US. and the West as well as law enforcement agencies. He has lectured at dozens of universities in the US. and abroad. He is the author of Understanding Terror Networks, Leaderless Jihad, Misunderstanding Terrorism, The London Bombings, and several studies on the process of radicalization. His book Turning to Political Violence describes a new model of this process and tests it on various campaigns of political violence spanning two centuries and four continents.


OBJECTIVES
To determine the accuracy of sonographic fetal weight estimation in twin gestations in predicting actual birthweight and birthweight discordance. To evaluate maternal and fetal characteristics that may affect estimated fetal weight accuracy in twins.

METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study of all twins delivered at a single tertiary medical center between 2010 and 2021. Twin gestations who had a sonographic estimated fetal weight (sEFW) performed in the week preceding delivery were included in this study. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the strength of the correlation between sonographic estimated fetal weight and actual birthweight, and to determine the impact of maternal and fetal parameters on the accuracy of sonographic estimation.

RESULTS
The study included 2154 twin pregnancies. There was a strong correlation between sonographic estimated fetal weights and corresponding birthweights (r=0.922, p<0.001). Strong correlations were observed for both the presenting and non-presenting co-twins as well as the larger and smaller co-twins (all r=0.921-0.928, p<0.001). The overall mean absolute error of the sEFW was 7.41±6.8%. This error was greater for the non-presenting twin compared to the presenting twin. (7.94±6.62% vs. 6.99±5.64%, p<0.001) and for the smaller twin compared to the larger co-twin (8.56±7.5% vs. 6.58±5.47%, p<0.001). Advanced gestational age at scanning was inversely correlated to the mean absolute error of sEFW. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that an earlier gestational age at scanning, being the non-presenting twin and being the smaller co-twin were independent risk factors for sonographic fetal weight inaccuracy. Pregnancies in which the presenting twin was estimated to be the smaller co-twin had twice the rate of false positive birth-weight discordance (BWD) compared to pregnancies in which the presenting twin was estimated to be the larger co-twin (33.7% vs. 14.8% for BWD-15%, 31.7% vs. 19.2% for BWD-20%, and 35.1% vs. 12.5% for BWD 25%, all p<0.001). The error in sEFW discordance was not related to chorionicity, the position of the presenting fetus or gestational age at the time of fetal weight estimation.

CONCLUSIONS
Sonographic estimation of fetal weight within 7 days of delivery accurately predicts birthweight in twin pregnancies. sEFW accuracy is reduced for the non-presenting, the smaller co-twins and when delivery occurs at an earlier gestational age. Sonographic estimation of fetal weight discordance is less accurate when the presenting twin is the smaller co-twin. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The effect of refractory oxides on the oxidation of graphite and amorphous carbon was investigated. Al2O3 accelerated the oxidation of graphite greatly. TiO2, ZrO2, and MgO inhibited the oxidation of graphite, while SiO2 inhibited the oxidation of graphite slightly. The above oxides had no effect on the oxidation of amorphous carbon.


1. Introduction: "It's Not Just Poverty"Women's participation - both involuntary and voluntary - in the global sex trade is often represented as a problem of the poorest countries. To be sure, severe poverty puts tremendous pressure on individuals to find alternative ways of earning a living; it also further exacerbates the economic vulner- ability of both individuals and of whole communities. This, in turn, creates an undeniable basis for severe forms of labor exploitation, including crossborder sexual exploitation, often referred to as "sex trafficking" (I discuss these terms below). Given the ostensible link between national impoverishment and cross-border sexual exploitation, it is no surprise that many researchers attribute causal significance to poverty as the key force behind the global sex trade and trafficking. Consider, on this point, what Raymond and Hughes (2001) have to say: "Trafficking is precipitated by economic conditions in sending countries. Depressed, stagnant and collapsed economies, high rates of unemployment, women being driven from jobs once held, as in Russia, and desperation to find a living somewhere push women to leave their countries and make them vulnerable to the recruiters and traffickers" (p. 90). Raymond and Hughes are far from alone. Here is a similar argument (and one that has been frequently and approvingly cited by researchers, activists, and policy makers alike1) from the US Agency for International Development (USAED): "Trafficking is inextricably linked to poverty. Wherever privation and economic hardship prevail, there will be those destitute and desperate enough to enter the fraudulent employment schemes that are the most common intake systems into the world of trafficking" (USAID Office of Women in Development 1999, p. 5).Neither of these (and similar) accounts is wrong. Indeed, it would be foolish to ignore national poverty as a major factor in the global sex trade. However, an exclusive or extremely narrow focus on society-wide poverty is potentially dangerous in that it may lead to an oversimplified conclusion, which is that reducing poverty will automatically diminish, even largely eliminate, the basis for cross-border sexual exploitation. To repeat: I have little doubt that economic growth can be ameliorative. Yet, I also argue that it is only one of many intersecting factors - and, even more, not always the most important one. Some of these other factors are relatively easy to discern. These include: economic inequality between rich and poor, both at the intra-national and international levels (see, for example, Bamer, Okech, and Camp 2014); gender inequality and discrimination, especially in terms of gendered norms and practices that consign women to low-paid or unpaid work in the informal sector (for further discussion, see Heyzer 2002); and governance issues (i.e., decisions involving the allocation of resources and services in a community). In addition, it is fairly clear that other macrolevel factors "such as the impacts of globalization ... and conflicts and environmental disasters" (ADB 2003, p. 5) play a role in increasing vulnerabilities that feed into the global sex trade (also see Nagle 2008; Peerapeng, Chaitp, Chaiboonsr, Kovacs, and Balogh 2012; and Poulin 2003).There are, in short, clearly a range of factors implicated in the global sex trade, but my intention is not to assess the causal significance of each or to untangle the complex linkages among these and other (macro-level) factors. Instead, I am primarily concerned with understanding the contingent and context-specific aspects of the global sex trade. The reason for this is simple, but important: cross-border sexual exploitation does not affect all countries in a uniform manner. Some poor countries are profoundly affected, others are not. Some middle-income countries are primary sources (Laczko and Danailov-Trainor 2009) while others are major destinations. And, most interesting and perplexing of all, some rich countries continue to be significant sources in the global sex trade. …


Photoemission from alkali‐metal core levels (Li 1s, Na 2s, K 3p, Cs 5p, and 4d) has been studied for different alkali‐metal coverages on Ru(001) using synchrotron radiation from the Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) ring at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). The alkali atoms interacting directly with the Ru substrate show coverage‐dependent binding‐energy shifts towards the Fermi level, with the largest shift for Li (1.1 eV) and the smallest ones for K and Cs. At coverages > 1 monolayer (ML), the core‐level shift between the second (surface) and the first (interface) layer is observed in all alkali overlayers. At ''thin'' multilayer coverages (∼3 ML), all alkali overlayers exhibit three sets of core‐level photoemission bands which are assigned to the interface, the immediate ''bulk,'' and the surface in increasing binding energy. At coverages >5 ML (''thick'' multilayer) all alkali metals exhibit bulklike properties and surface–atom core‐level binding‐energy shifts are observed in all cases.


To solve the leak problem of seal rings in quick-opening pressure vessels,and improve fatigue rupture resistance of NBR(nitrile rubber buna) seal rings,the finite element method was used to simplify the quick-opening structure and analyze the situations of different clearances and hardnesses.Firstly,the simplified model was built and the Mooney-Rivlin model was used as the material model.Then the models with the hardnesses of 60,70,80,90 and the clearances of 2 mm,3 mm,4 mm were taken by finite element analysis.The result shows that greater hardness of materials may lead to less deformation of seal rings and under the hardness of 70,the minimum value of the maximum equivalent stress is 10.917 MPa.Also,the greater clearance may lead to the greater volume of the seal ring squeezing into the clearance,and under the clearance of 2 mm,the minimum value of the maximum equivalent stress of NBR is 11.418 MPa.Comprehensive consideration of deformation resilience,aging and fatigue rupture suggests that NBR with the hardness of 70 and the clearance of 2 mm can be selected as the material of the seal ring;under this condition,the leak problem of seal rings is solved and its service life is improved.


Paola Peserico-Dal Farra1*, Antonio Gagliardi-Lugo2, Edgar Cabrera3 and Mariana Villarroel-Dorrego4 1Resident of the Third Year of the Postgraduate Course in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Gran Mariscal University of Ayacucho in the General Hospital of the West Dr. José Gregorio Hernández, Caracas, Venezuela 2Specialist in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Postgraduate Course of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Gran Mariscal University of Ayacucho in the General Hospital of the West Dr. José Gregorio Hernández, Caracas, Venezuela 3Specialist and Deputy of the Postgraduate Course in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho University, Chief of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of the West Dr. José Gregorio Hernández, Caracas, Venezuela 4Specialist in Pathological Anatomy and Assistant of the Postgraduate Course in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho University, Chief of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of the West Dr. José Gregorio Hernández, Caracas, Venezuela


Blood velocity in the internal carotid artery (ICA) and in the descending thoracic aorta (DAo) was investigated used Duplex‐Doppler ultrasound in 14 infants of <30 weeks gestation, treated prophylactically with surfactant, and in 11 comparable infants with relatively mature lungs who served as controls. After surfactant administration, blood gases, pH or FiO2 were not different between the groups. Temporal mean blood velocity in the ICA was used as a relative measure of cerebral flow (TMFV‐cer), and its coefficient of variation (CV‐cer) was used to assess fluctuations in cerebral blood velocity. The pulsatility index (PI) in the ICA (PI‐cer) and DAo (PI‐DAo) was used to estimate if a left‐to‐right shunt was present. During surfactant instillation TMFV‐cer was abnormally low and CV‐cer indicated a fluctuating cerebral blood velocity. At 10 min after surfactant administration, TMFV‐cer of the treated infants was higher compared to the controls, while CV‐cer was stable in both groups. PI‐cer and PI‐DAo were abnormally high during the first hour of life after surfactant treatment, suggesting a left‐to‐right shunt without, however, clinical signs of a hemodynamically important ductus arteriosus. We suggest that cerebral perfusion is affected during and at 10 min after surfactant instillation. Left‐to‐right shunting appears to be a common event following surfactant treatment.


We investigate the elastic scattering of Bose-Einstein condensates at shallow periodic and disorder potentials. We show that the collective scattering of the macroscopic quantum object couples to internal degrees of freedom of the Bose-Einstein condensate such that the Bose-Einstein condensate gets depleted. As a precursor for the excitation of the Bose-Einstein condensate we observe wave chaos within a mean-field theory.


The utility model discloses a cooling-free furnace roller device, which comprises a roller body, a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft and two conical barrels, wherein the roller body is horizontally arranged; the first and the second rotating shafts are horizontally arranged and are arranged on the same axis; and the two ends of the roller body are respectively connected with the two conical barrels, the other ends of the two conical barrels are respectively connected with the first and the second rotating shafts, and the ends, which are connected with the roller body, of the conical barrels are in a gradually-contracting shape towards the ends connected with the first or the second rotating shaft. The cooling-free furnace roller device of the utility model does not need additional cooling medium to cool, has simple structure, and can ensure the uniform heating effect of objects.


ABSTRACT The article discusses the reception of Schelling's philosophy by the young Paul Tillich. During his study on the theological faculty of the University of Halle from 1905 until 1907 Tillich was influenced by the Fichte interpretation of Fritz Medicus. Tillich uses Fichte's philosophy as a theoretical frame for a modern theology. The problems from this Fichte reception lay in the concept of freedom as autonomy. In Schelling's philosophy, especially in his concept of freedom as the possibility to come into contradiction with oneself, the young Tillich finds the solution for these problems.


Many dyes are contained in plants and are used for coloring a medium. They are characterized by their content of dyes molecules. They stimulate interest because they are part of a sustainable development approach. There are several chemicals families of plant dye which are contained in more than 450 plants known around the world. In this article, a study based on literature allowed us to realize an inventory of the main dyes plants potentially present in Morocco. A list of 117 plants was established specifying their botanical families, chemical Composition, Colors and parts of the plant used. Keywords: Natural dye, Morocco, Chemical structures, Plant pigments, Extraction


The present invention relates to a writing instrument (1) of a certain type, which includes a front main body (2), a back main body able to spin around the front main body centering on a vertical axis (x), and a tube-shaped piece (14) connecting the front main body (2) to the back main body (3) in the axial direction.


The Heilongkou Pb-Zn deposit in Shangluo, Shaanxi lies in both sides of the Lanqiao-Tieluzi-Sanyao major fault and consists of 5 Pb-Zn orebodies and 2 Au orebodies. Ore-bearing rocks belong to the Middle Proterozoic Kuanping Group. Main ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, pyrite and pyrrhotite. Main wall rock alterations are silicification, pyritization, carbonation. Orebodies are controlled by deformation and metamorphism, stratigraphic horizon and brittle-ductile faults. The deposit metamorphosed sedimentary one.


Salt leaching from pores and chemical transformation of minerals in slip zones are some factors responsible for the reduction in shear strength of soft marine clays in the remoulded state. This study examines the influence of salt leaching from clay pores as a function of time on undrained strength and sensitivity of soft, overconsolidated kaolinites that were produced by slurry consolidation in conventional oedometers in a synthetic seawater medium. The overconsolidated kaolinite specimens (overconsolidation ratio = 1·2:4) were allowed to experience changes in pore salt concentration over periods ranging from 1 to 56 days at a vertical effective stress of 25 kPa. During this period, sodium and chloride ions migrated from the pore solution in response to osmotic gradients. Weakening of A–R forces from ion migration reduced the undrained strengths of the reconstituted specimens and enhanced sensitivity of the overconsolidated specimens.


Background & Aim: Non-invasive steatosis-quantifying methods are required for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients in order to monitor disease severity and assess therapeutic efficacy. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) evaluated with vibration-controlled transient elastography can predict the presence of steatosis, but its application to absolute hepatic fat quantitation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine whether CAP is correlated with real hepatic fat content in NAFLD patients. Methods: Eighty-two NAFLD patients underwent percutaneous liver biopsy were enrolled. CAP was measured using FibroScan ® just before liver biopsy. The percentage of fat droplet area to hepatocyte area in biopsied specimen was determined morphometrically using computerized optical image analyzing system. The correlation between CAP and liver histology was examined. Results: CAP showed an excellent correlation with actual liver fat percentage in the NAFLD patients having body mass index (BMI) < 28 kg/m 2 ( r = 0.579, P < 0.0001), especially < 25 kg/m 2 ( r = 0.708, P < 0.01), but the meaningful correlation disappeared in the patients with BMI > 28 kg/m 2 . In the patients with BMI < 28 kg/m 2 , CAP quantitativeness was affected by the presence of stage 2-4 Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted and optimal LS cut-off points to detect stage 2-4 fibrosis were determined as the values showing maximum sensitivity plus specificity. A P value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.


The structures of the ordered copper-palladium alloys in the composition range from 15.5 to 28.5 atomic per cent Pd were investigated by X-ray diffraction, using both single crystals and power specimens. The alloys with the composition of 20.8 to 25.8 atomic per cent Pd have an anti-phase domain structure in a fully ordered state cooled slowly from 450°C to room temperature in four months. This structure is formed from the elementary face-centered tetragonal lattice, in which the atoms arrange themselves as in the ordered alloy Cu 3 Au but step-shifts occur at a definite period along the tetragonal axis. On the other hand, the alloys of 27.3 and 28.5 atomic per cent Pd were confirmed to possess a more complicated anti-phase domain structure characterized by the two kinds of out-of-step, which was already elucidated by the electron diffraction study in Part I. Variation of both the lattice parameters and the periods of anti-phase domain with composition were also studied.


In this paper, we propose an iterative interference cancellation scheme based on nested lattice to combat the inter-cell interference for cooperative cellular networks. The achievable rate region of the proposed scheme under a two-cell and two-user model is obtained. In this simplified model, each decoder separately decodes its corresponding user message, and sends the result to the other decoder for interference cancellation. The interference can be mitigated gradually by the step-by-step iterative decoding. Once the message from one user is successively decoded, the interference to the other receiver can be totally canceled. For more general multi-cell and multi-user networks, a sufficient condition of convergence of the proposed scheme is derived. In addition, we find that the modern cloud computing paradigm, MapReduce, is very suitable for our distributed scheme. This means that the proposed scheme can be utilized as joint decoder in Cloud Ratio Access Network (CRAN).


YUSUP HARTONO. Study of Respiration Rate Arrhenius Model and Packaging Method on guava fruit (Psidium guajav L.). Supervised by ROKHANI HASBULLAH. Guava is a perishable product because it has a relatively high rate of respiration after harvest. The shelf life of the guava can be extended by depress respiration rate through the modified atmosphere packaging in cold storage. The aim of this research are to assess the effect of temperature on respiration rate and to describe its correlation based on model of Arrhenius, to analyze the changes of quality parameter product of during storage, and to determine the appropriate type of package and storage temperature to reduce the quality deterioration of product the guava during storage. It was resulted that the respiration rate was increased at high storage temperature. Based on the respiration pattern indicated that guava as non-climacteric fruit. Models Arrhenius can describe correlation between respiration rate and temperature with value R for the consumption rate O2 as big as 0.9777 and R for the production rate CO2 as big as 0.9433. Based on the results of simulations that have been conducted on two different types of packaging to get optimum gas, to the value stretch film weight, thickness of plastic films, and area continued is 0.415 kg. 0.57 mm, 0.02535 m. Where as LLDPE packaging is 0.457 kg, 0.99 mm, 0.02535 m. The best packaging for storage of guava is packaging stretch film stored at a temperature 5C.


Problem Statement: Since the 1980s, classical industrial unionism has been transforming itself in terms of redefining basic value system and strategies they use. Teacher unions are no exception. This paper draws on a study of a teachers union to initiate school-based change in a single state in the United States. The research was conducted as part of a broader initiative to examine the role of "new unionism" in local and state school reform. Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to portray the past, present and future images of teachers unions from the perspectives of three clusters of important educational policy agents in the state of Minnesota: Bureaucrats or state educational officials, teacher activists or union officials, and policy participants (business, legislature and school superintendents). Method: A qualitative research design was used to collect data.. As part of the study, representatives of involved union employees, internal and external stakeholders of education were interviewed on two occasions about the role of the union in promoting school reform. Findings and results: Analysis of data revealed an internal culture conflict within the union between the image (and practice) of union employees who were balancing traditional role obligations and efforts to become "new union" activists for school change. At a later point, other relevant policy actors from a number of sectors (elected and appointed officials, state education agency employees, district administrators and representatives of business groups) were also interviewed about the role of teacher unions in school reform at the state level. As part of the data collection, we elicited metaphors to reflect the cultural position of the union in the past, in the present, and as anticipated in the future. The data


Objective:To develop an RP-HPLC method for determination of the content of scopolamine hydrobrobromide injection.Methods:DiamonsilTM C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)was used,the mobile phase was 0.5% formic acid(pH 5.0)-methanol(70∶30)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1.The UV detection wavelength was 230 nm,and the column temperature was 35 ℃.Result:The linear range was 0.01-2 mg·mL-1(r=0.9999,n=7)and the average recovery was 100.5%(n=9)for scopolamine hydrobrobromide.Conclusion:The method proposed for determination of the content of scopolamine hydrobrobromide injection is simple,rapid,accurate and specific.


Helmet streamers are a prominent manifestation of magnetic structures with current sheets in the solar corona. These large-scale structures are regions with high plasma density, overlying active regions and filament channels. We investigate the three-dimensional (3D) structure of a coronal streamer, observed simultaneously by white-light coronagraphs from two vantage points near quadrature (the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph Experiment (LASCO) and the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO)/Coronagraph 2 (COR2)). We design a forward model based on plausible assumptions about the 3D streamer structure taken from physical models (a plasma slab centered around a current sheet). The streamer stalk is approximated by a plasma slab, with an electron density that is characterized by three separate functions describing the radial, transverse, and face-on profiles, respectively. For the first time, we simultaneously fit the observational data from SOHO and STEREO using a multivariate minimization algorithm. The streamer plasma sheet contains a number of brighter and darker ray-like structures with the density contrast up to about a factor of 3 between them. The densities derived using polarized and unpolarized data are similar. We demonstrate that our model corresponds well to the observations.


Large-scale assessment in the United States is undergoing enormous pressure to change. That pressure stems from many causes. Depending upon the type of test, the issues precipitating change include an outmoded cognitive-scientific basis for test design; a mismatch with curriculum; the differential performance of population groups; a lack of information to help individuals improve; and inefficiency. These issues provide a strong motivation to reconceptualize both the substance and the business of large-scale assessment. At the same time, advances in technology, measurement, and cognitive science are providing the means to make that reconceptualization a reality. The thesis of this paper is that the largest facilitating factor will be technological, in particular the Internet. In the same way that it is already helping to revolutionize commerce, education, and even social interaction, the Internet will help revolutionize the business and substance of large-scale assessment.


A novel evaluation of filtering and quantization losses for weak DS-CDMA receivers is presented. Using this method, joint optimization of filter center frequency and bandwidth is conducted for one-, two- and three-bit quantizers. It is demonstrated that a joint loss-analysis of these effects is necessary to optimize front-end design.


M than a century ago, while exploring Xin jiang, or Chinese Central Asia, the British ar chaeologist Aurel Stein discovered some small fragments of knotted carpets in Niya, Kaladun, Loulan and a few minor places in the Taklamakan Desert. These fragments are now stored at the Vic toria and Albert Museum in London. At the time, Stein's collection, dated from the first century BCE to the fifth century CE, represented the earliest ex isting samples of knotted carpets ever recorded. Then, in the 1950s, Soviet archaeologists excavated several knotted carpet pieces, including a complete one, in the Pazyryk Valley in the Altai region. The Pazyryk specimen, dated to 400 BCE, caused a huge sensation when it was recognized as being the earliest knotted carpet ever found.


Until the development of a new generation of automatic shipborne receivers, Loran-C was of no importance in the maritime world of Western Europe. The situation has now thoroughly changed due to the new low-cost automatic receivers which -- with regard to their accuracy and sensitivity -- more than match the former automatic equipment, and due to the US plan for phase-out of the Loran-A chains. Merchant fleets of Western Europe sailing to North and Central America will increasingly make use of the Loran-C system, because these areas will be better and more accurately covered with LOPs than ever before, and because the prices for receivers are now reasonable. Also considered are the possible technical and economic advantages of an extension of the planned Loran-C coverage and its connection to the Soviet Loran-C system as a big step towards a standardisation in maritime radionavigation.


We reported a bandgap-tunable device with ternary plasma photonic crystals (PPCs), achieving tunable bandgap for controlling the propagation of free-space electromagnetic waves from 11.5 GHz to 14.5 GHz. The device is designed as a square crystal structure composing ternary PPCs arrays. Both simulation and experimental results indicate that the transmission of the electromagnetic waves can be controlled by changing the plasma frequency, dielectric constant, and structure spacing in the device, realizing the dynamic adjustment of photonic bandgap bandwidth and center frequency. In addition, the plasma frequency was measured, which is consistent with the simulation results. Our strategy can be applied to design a variety of devices, including reconfigurable antennas, plasma lenses, and military-developed stealth equipment.


The synthetic gauge field, offering an excellent platform to explore some fascinating magnetic-like phenomena, has attracted extensive research. Here, we report the realization of a synthetic gauge field in acoustic Moiré superlattices consisting of two superimposed periodic phononic crystals with mismatched lattice constants along one direction. Benefiting from the synthetic gauge field, we observe the symmetric and antisymmetric Landau levels and interface states in the acoustic Moiré superlattices. We further experimentally measure sound pressure field distributions of Landau levels, which is consistent with the full-wave simulations. This study offers an extremely simple way to generate synthetic gauge fields in phononics and expand the avenues for manipulating sound waves that were previously inaccessible in traditional periodic acoustic systems.


A towed marine acquisition system delivers ghost-free data by using a time-and-depth blended source array (to address the source ghost) and a dual-sensor streamer (to address the receiver ghost). Eliminating the ghosts via separating the up-going and down-going wavefields yields broadband data with improved structural resolution, greater signal penetration, improved interpretability, and robust inversion results. The wavefield separation process, applied right at the start of the processing sequence, opens up a new realm of processing and interpretive applications with significant benefits for signal processing and imaging. Enhanced applications that are enabled via the wavefield separation process include noise attenuation, demultiple, and imaging using multiples. The step-change in the resolution and interpretability of ghost-free broadband data promises to change the way the oil & gas exploration industry views the traditional seismic life-cycle.


The present study examined the way preschool children acted in a drama. Children of the same age in pairs were asked to enact in a drama made of a story they had listened to. The drama was examined from four viewpoints.(1) As monitors of one another : 5 or 6 year-old children reproduced more episodes concerning the story than 4 year-old ones did, and they better helped each other to enact a drama. (2) Expression of a role : 5 year-old children more often deviated from the expression of their own roles than might have done 6 year-olds.(3) Understanding of a role : As for 5 year-old children, one often told the other what to do while waiting impatiently for the partner to start acting. Older children tended to look at each other. (4) Understanding of fictitiousness : Older children tended to tell the story to each other in whispers showing a certain discrimination between fiction and reality. Older children were more conscious in reproducing the exact story and the fictitiousness of the drama.


Solar energy is a revolutionary technology which can offer tremendous long-standing benefits. Solar cells turn the solar power into electric power. Solar tracing device is the most effective technology for improving productivity and performance by using the solar cell to optimize solar energy. In the production of hardware, we use LDR's as photo sensors and two servomotors to guide the solar panel location. The software part is employed by Arduino Nano with code written in "C language".


The problem of optimal partitioning by minimizing pooled-within-variance of groups is addressed. Three state-of-the-art adaptive differential evolution algorithms are compared on four real-world data sets. A novel hybrid differential evolution algorithm, including k-means algorithm for local search is proposed. The experimental comparison is done with either the plain adaptive differential evolution variants or the hybrid algorithms. Experimental results showed that hybrid algorithms are substantially better preforming when compared with plain differential evolution variants. Among hybrid variants, the competitive differential evolution appeared to be the most efficient.


Concrete has become an essential material as a part of construction field. Its behavior is weak in tension and strong in compression. The demand for tensile strength is high for concrete because higher loading requires more than 10% of compressive strength which make a critical issue for engineers. Another major issue faced by normal concrete is lack in ductility and strain capacity. Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC), also known as Bendable Concrete, has been designed to overcome the brittleness of concrete. It has tensile ductility of 3–5% and its self-controlled tight crack width is less than 100µm.It is a unique type of cement mixture with composition of low volume fibers (~ 2%) so as to impart ductility, ability to repair and high tensile strength besides. It also has low maintenance and is environment friendly in nature.The ECC composition does not contain coarse aggregate because they develop larger crack width which tend to have a negative effect on ductile behavior of ECC. This paper demonstrated a detailed review on properties of ECC and experimentally identified the best ECC mix by analysing the compressive the flexural strength at different ratios: 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5% of PVA fibre. Fifteen cubes (150mm x 150mm x 150mm) were casted for compressive strength test and fifteen beams (500mm x 100mm x 100mm) were casted for flexural strength and tested at the age of 28 days. Workability test have been conducted to access the fresh properties and consistency of the concrete.


This paper attempts to illustrate the necessity of strengthening the construction of a modern forestry system and analyze the major problems of traditional forestry system.On the basis of the above illustration and analysis, some suggestions and measures for strengthening the construction of a modern forestry system have been put forward.


We demonstrate the thermally actuated phase change of VO2 films formed by atomic layer deposition and subsequent thermal annealing on InAlN/AlN/GaN heterostructures. To locally raise the device temperature above the VO2 semiconductor–metal transition temperature, a two-dimensional electron gas formed within the InAlN/AlN/GaN heterostructure was used as an integrated resistive heater. An ON/OFF resistance ratio of nearly 103 was achieved for 50 nm VO2 films over a temperature range of 25 to 105 °C. The time required to switch the VO2 film from high- to low-resistance states was shown to depend on the applied heater power, with sub-microsecond transition times achieved.


High accuracy prediction for pixel information of current frame can be achieved by means of intra prediction of H.264 video encode, the image data can be transmitted with minimal residual data. The feasibility of fast edge detection for current frame using intra prediction data during H.264 encoding process has been studied, and edge detection by intra prediction data has been actualized. Finally advantages and disadvantages of the algorithm, and the aspect needs to be improved has figured out.


Laser surface nanopattering using near-field enhancement by particle-lens arrays is studied. Experimental and theoretical investigations are made in order to clarify the properties of the nanopatterns produced. The obtained results show that this nanofabrication technique is a flexible method for precise surface nanopatterning. A close-packed monolayer of SiO2 spheres (r= 500 nm) is directly formed onto the substrate surface by its self-assembling, and a 248nm wavelength KrF excimer laser is used to irradiate the samples. A theoretical treatment of the results obtained is made by FDTD (finite difference time domain) simulation and calculations of the near field scattering cross section based on Mie's theory. The effect of the laser fluences and incident angles is studied. By using lower laser fluence than the ablation threshold of the bulk material, arrays of features can be easily produced. For the first time, it was demonstrated that very flexible patterns like straight lines and curves can be generated on the substrates over a large surface area.


We obtain an exact stationary distribution of a noise‐driven modified van der Pol oscillator and discuss thermodynamic behaviors of the system.


composition of that time. I begin with a short survey of the chief opinions on this subject advanced by earlier writers. Otto Kinkeldey, in his admirable Orgel und Klavier in der Musik des 16. Jahrhunderts, was able to show that the practice of writing in score was familiar to the sixteenth century. Some of Kinkeldey's sources treat the practice as a mere help for students or even for beginners; others are ambiguous in that they employ the term "partire," which some scholars have translated "scoring" although Kinkeldey takes it to mean providing single parts with bar-lines; still others may need careful re-examination. Kinkeldey concludes that in the sixteenth century the score was regarded as a relatively crude device, to be used by beginners but not by experienced composers. In support of this conclusion he quotes certain sixteenth-century theorists who say that an organist is expected to be able to read polyphonic music at his instrument from the separate parts, as printed in a choir-book, and to improvise a fourvoiced fantasia or ricercare. To expect a composer to work out his music in separate parts seemed to Kinkeldey to be asking less than this, particularly since the composer has time to calculate and to con-


In this paper, we apply the improved Kudryashov method for finding exact solution and then solitary wave solutions of the Chafee-Infante equation and (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation, where mathematical software Maple-13 is used as an important mathematical tool for removing calculation complexity, justification of the solutions and its graphical representations.


To provide a basis for studying effects of environmental magnetic field on human health,we designed,manufactured,and tested a large power frequency magnetic field exposure system for long-term animal experiments.Based on the computation of magnetic field produced by a pair of current-carrying square coils,the parameters of coils and power sources were chosen to generate specific magnetic field,then 4 exposure systems were fabricated according to these parameters.Each of the finished magnetic field exposure systems was composed of two square coils with a side length of 5 m and a 2 m interval between themselves.According to further calculation and tests,the working area,where the magnetic flux density was within the 90%-110% of the target value,was a square area of 4 m×4 m,which was 56% larger than that produced by Helmholtz coils.Two strands of copper wires with different current directions were winded on the same coil skeleton to form a bifilar choke as control,which successfully eliminated the influence of heat produced by coils and noise generated by power sources between different experiments.Reactive power compensation was used to lower the output voltage of the power source as well as its cost.Results show that the proposed apparatus can be used in studies of health risk under long-term magnetic field exposure.


We first give a new proof of the non-linear stability of the $(3+1)$-dimensional Minkowski spacetime as a solution of the Einstein vacuum equation. We then show that the metric admits a full asymptotic expansion at infinity, more precisely at the boundary hypersurfaces (corresponding to spacelike, null, and timelike infinity) of a suitable compactification of $\mathbb{R}^4$ adapted to the bending of outgoing light cones. We work in a wave map/DeTurck gauge closely related to the standard wave coordinate gauge. Similarly to our previous work on the stability of cosmological black holes, we construct the solution of the non-linear equation using an iteration scheme in which we solve a linearized equation globally at each step; to fix the geometry of null infinity throughout the iteration scheme, we devise a hyperbolic formulation of Einstein's equation which ensures constraint damping. The weak null condition of Lindblad and Rodnianski arises naturally as a nilpotent coupling of certain metric components in a linear model operator at null infinity. Furthermore, we relate the Bondi mass to a logarithmic term in the expansion of the metric at null infinity and prove the Bondi mass loss formula.


In this paper, we report the dielectric breakdown properties of a nanocomposite, a potential electrical insulation material for cryogenic high voltage applications. The material is composed of a high molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol and nanosized in situ synthesized titanate particles. The dielectric breakdown strengths of the filled material samples, measured in liquid nitrogen, indicate a significant increase in their strengths as compared to unfilled polyvinyl alcohol. We conclude that nanometre-sized particles can be adopted as a voltage stabilization additive.


The construction of the competitiveness evaluation system of western region attracting FDI is significant in the improvement of the investing environment and the development of western region.In this paper based on the factor analysis,a competitiveness evaluation system of western region attracting FDI was constructed,according to the affection from the economy,science and technology,location and so on.This evaluation system comprised of nine factors and 33 indexes.At last,the reasonableness of this evaluation system was checked with the data of 2005.


Regional experiment of a state policy on illiteracy elimination, increase of an education level and culture of women, to involvement of women in public life of the republic is analyzed.


Dynamic flight path planning is an important part of UAV mission planning, and it turns out to be a dynamic optimization problem. In this paper, a dynamic flight path planning model is built up. We propose an adaptive immigrant scheme genetic algorithm for this path planning problem. This algorithm could combine the random immigrant scheme and elitism-based immigrant scheme adaptively according to the number of feasible candidate solutions in the current population, and improve the diversity and convergence of GAs. Simulation studies show that the algorithm has good performance in finding near-optimal, obstacles-free paths in dynamically changing environments.


Social anxiety disorder is a psychological disorder incurred by social interaction,which is usually expressed as anxiety,stress or fear. It usually does great harm to the quality of life of one with the disease. Recent studies showed that oxytocin play an important role in social interaction. This paper first reviews the major advances in the research concerning the relation between oxytocin and social anxiety disorders. It then explains a neuro-psychological mechanism of oxytocin in the modulation of social anxiety disorders,which might reveal a possible pathogenesis mechanism of social anxiety disorders and provide a novel clinical therapy of social anxiety disorders.