The purpose of the study was to evaluate the Quality of life (QOL) using the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score and it were studied using a structured questionnaire. The objective was to evaluate the effect of annual income and of the level of lesion on Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score after Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) patients. 52 SCI patients were interviewed individually. Results were statistically analyzed. The higher the annual income, the more was the ADL score and less dependency was seen in cervical spinal cord injury patients. Overall, all the SCI were severely dependant as per their ADL scoring.


Introduction: The non-arthroplasty hip registry (NAHR) is a United Kingdom national register that monitors the efficacy of hip preservation surgery. We aim to highlight early experiences of incorporating the NAHR into our practice at a tertiary centre. Methods: Between December 2013 and February 2015, 381 patients were identified on the NAHR database that had undergone non-arthroplasty hip surgery. Patient-related outcome measures EuroQuol 5D-5L (EQ-5D) and the International Hip Outcome Tool 12 (iHOT-12) were recorded at baseline and 6 months. Results: The 289 arthroscopic surgeries showed a statistical significant difference (p<0.05) in iHOT-12 for both males (45.21-65.07) and females (34.57 to 55.53), and in EQ-5D for both males (0.59-0.75) and females (0.56-0.65). The 92 open procedures showed a statistical significant difference (p<0.05) in both iHOT-12 (31.71-62.42) and EQ-5D (0.54-0.68). Conclusions: Overall our results from the NAHR indicate hip preservation surgery is effective at relieving pain and improving quality of life in the short term.


Simple Summary The onion maggot, Delia antiqua, is an important pest of crops belonging to the Allium genus worldwide. It is known that high temperature has a significant effect on the development of this pest, but how temperature conditions affect population abundances in the field environment has not been fully understood. Our model, which incorporated the hot summer effect into the model of summer diapause termination, showed that high temperatures in summer clearly delayed or suppressed the late season occurrence. This phenomenon was observed largely in the Jinju and Jeju regions of Korea, while it was not obvious in regions with cooler summers such as the United States, Canada, and Germany, where the occurrence peaks were overlapped or slightly separated between the generations before and after summer. Thus, our results provide a new perspective from which to understand the late season abundance of D. antiqua. Abstract The onion maggot, Delia antiqua (Meigen), is one of the most important insect pests to agricultural crops within Allium genus, such as onions and garlic, worldwide. This study was conducted to understand the seasonal abundance of this pest, with special reference to the hot summer effect (HSE), which was incorporated into the model of summer diapause termination (SDT). We assumed that hot summer temperatures arrested the development of pupae during summer diapause. The estimated SDT curve showed that it occurred below a high-temperature limit of 22.1 °C and peaked at 16 °C. Accordingly, HSE resulted in delaying the late season fly abundance after summer, namely impacting the third generation. In Jinju, South Korea, the activity of D. antiqua was observed to cease for more than two months in the hot summer and this pattern was well described by model outputs. In the warmer Jeju Island region, Korea, the late season emergence was predicted to be greatly delayed, and D. antiqua did not exhibit a specific peak in the late season in the field. The abundance patterns observed in Korea were very different from those in countries such as the United States, Canada, and Germany. These regions are located at a much higher latitude (42° N to 53° N) than Korea (33° N to 35° N), and their HSE was less intense, showing overlapped or slightly separated second and third generation peaks. Consequently, our modeling approach for the summer diapause termination effectively explained the abundance patterns of D. antiqua in the late season. Also, the model will be useful for determining spray timing for emerging adults in late summer as onion and garlic are sown in the autumn in Korea.


An array substrate, comprising: a plurality of gate lines (201) along a first direction; and a plurality of data lines along a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction, and the data lines and the gate lines (201) crossing to form a plurality of pixel regions. Each of the pixel regions comprises a thin-film transistor which comprises a gate (102), an active layer (104), a source (106) and a drain (107). The gates (102) are made of transparent conductive materials, and the active layers (104) are made of transparent oxide semiconductor materials. By means of the array substrate and the display apparatus, the light ray transmissivities of the gates (102) and the active layers (104) are greatly improved, thereby improving the aperture ratios of pixels and increasing the display brightness of the apparatus.


jirovecii. In this study, pentamidine suppressed proliferation activity in all cell lines, and stemness in both GSCs. Previous papers revealed pentamidine had anti-tumor effects for some types of tumor cell lines, however, thera- peutic effect for tumor stem cells have never been mentioned. CONCLU-SION: These results suggest that pentamidine would be therapeutic drug for not only glioma cells but also GSCs by suppressing phosphorylation of ERK and STAT3. Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive tumors, with 5-year sur- vival rates of less than 10%. The standard therapy for glioblastomas is maximal safe resection, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). The poor prognosis is partially contributed to the acquisition of resistance to TMZ and intratumoral heterogeneity. The mechanisms of resistance to TMZ are various due to tumor hetero-geneity. TMZ is a DNA-methylating agent, delivering a methyl group to DNA (O6-guanine, N7-guanine and N3-adenine). The primary cytotoxic lesion, O6-methylguanine, mispairs with thymine, leading to futile DNA mismatch repair (MMR), formation of double strand breaks (DSBs) and eventual cell death, when O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is absent. N7-methylguanine and N3-methyladenine are re-paired by base excision repair (BER). The object of the study was to reveal the mechanisms of resistance to TMZ and to find the way to over-come the resistance in glioma. Several clones of TMZ-resistant U251 or U87 were obtained and analyzed. Increased homologous recombination (HR) and deficiency of MMR system, not MGMT were revealed to be contributed to the resistance to TMZ. Inhibition of HR resensitized cells with high HR to TMZ, but it could not resensitize cells with deficient MMR. For the cells with deficient MMR, Inhibition of BER by PARP inhibitor was revealed to potentiate the TMZ-induced cytotoxicity. PARP inhibitors also potentiate the cytotoxicity of TMZ to cells with expressed MGMT. Dianhydrogalactitol (DAG) is a bifunctional DNA-targeting agent, forming N7 alkylguanine and inter-strand DNA crosslinks. DAG reduced the proliferation of cells independent of MGMT and MMR, inducing DNA DSBs, G2/M arrest, and apoptosis in TMZ-resistant glioma cells. Inhibition of chk1, or HR could enhance the cytotoxicity of DAG, increasing apoptosis cells. By selecting the appropriate treatments to the types of resistant mechanisms, these new treatments have the poten- tial to improve the prognosis of glioblastoma. TMZ sensitivity of MSH6-deficient chemoresistant gliomas and assessed the role of the base excision repair (BER) DNA damage repair pathway in PARPi-mediated effects. METHODS: We engineered glioblastoma cell lines and patient-derived glioblastoma neurosphere lines to knockdown MSH6 expression, resulting in acquired MMR-deficient resistance to TMZ. We treated these isogenic pairs of MSH6 wild type and MSH6-inactivated cells with TMZ, PARPi Veriparib or Olaparib, and combination. Using MSH6-deficient glioma xenografts, we tested the in vivo efficacy of veliparib in combin- ation with TMZ. We used genetic and pharmacological approaches to as-sess the role of BER pathway in PARPi-mediated effects. RESULTS: We found that combination with PARPi restored TMZ sensitivity in MSH6-inactivated TMZ resistant cells whereas only subtle combination effects were seen in control MMR-proficient cells at the same PARPi concentra-tions. In vivo, combination treatment of TMZ with Veliparib demonstrated potent suppression of tumor growth of MSH6-inactivated orthotopic and flank xenografts, compared with TMZ monotherapy. Unlike PARPi, genetic and pharmacological blockage of BER pathway did not re-sensitize MSH6-inactivated cells to TMZ. CONCLUSION: PARPis restore TMZ sensitivity in MSH6-deficient glioblastoma cells. This combination treat- ment is a promising strategy to target acquired chemoresistance caused by MMR deficiency. is considerably higher compare with other regions of the world. Whereas germinomas generally respond to chemo-radiotherapy well, malignant subtypes of non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCT) are refractory, and de-velopment of novel therapy against NGGCTs is urgently needed. To de- velop a new therapeutic strategy against aggressive NGGCTs, we have investigated novel molecular targets for NGGCT treatment. We screened a total of 120 CNSGCT tumor tissues (including 55 NGGCT), which were registered to the Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor Consortium (iGCT), and discovered multiple mutations of a molecule that regulates protein ubiquitination and degradation specifically in NGGCT cases (5 of 55 cases; 1 immature teratoma, 3 mixed gem cell tumors, and 1 embryonal carcinoma). An in vitro ubiquitination assay revealed the mutations of this molecule discovered in NGGCT cases were loss of function mutations. Reduced expression of this molecule by knockdown in an estab- lished human seminoma cell line Tcam2 or a human yolk sac tumor cell line YST1, which was recently established in our institute, resulted in en- hanced proliferation as well as upregulation of MEK-ERK activation. Im-portantly, treatment of these two GCT cell lines with reduced expression of this molecule by MEK inhibitor trametinib suppressed augmented proliferation of these cells. Taken together, these results suggest that protein ubiquitination-related pathways as well as MEK-ERK cascade may serve as a novel therapeutic target against NGGCTs. PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: The molecular responses of glioblastomas (GBMs) to hypofractionated


A method for the thining of the test values of X for the method of the multiple quadratic k-sieve (MQkS), which is a modification of the quadratic sieve (QS) method. Important characteristics of the QS method and its modifications are the size of the factor base and the screening interval that significantly affect the rate of obtaining B-smooth numbers. The search for these figures is carried out using a screening procedure in which the searches for those of the trial X are, for the remainder , the values are close to and , where p j - are prime numbers (elements of the quotient base). At the same time, since the possible values s j > 1, it is necessary to determine the value of X, under which , in the case of frequent polynomial changes, it leads to appreciable growth of computational costs. This article is devoted to the development of a method for screening test X for a modified algorithm of the MQkS method, which is characterized by a frequent change of the polynomial. Tpreliminary thining of X is carried out on the basis of comparisons of the signal remains Y * ( X ) with the remainders Y ( X ) = X 2 – kN, where the signal remains is a product of the first powers of the factors Y ( X ) . An estimate of the quantity B-smooth for which the condition Y * ( X ) > h × Y ( X ) is satisfied. It is established that the time of computing a sufficient number of B-smooth depends on the value of the parameter h in the condition Y * ( X ) > h × Y ( X ) where the best time values are obtained at h ³ 0,7 , which is almost twice less than the time corresponding to h = 0 . At the same time, with the growth of N it is expedient to increase the value of h . . It is shown that further reduction of computational complexity can be attained by the search of only those B-smooth, for which the indicators of the degree of divisors of B-smooth can exceed the element only with relatively small values of elements of the factor base, whose maximal value is determined on the basis of the values of the parameter kff. It has been established that in comparison with the experimental results for the value of the parameter kff = 1 (no restrictions), the calculation time was reduced by a value from 1,128 (for numbers N size of 10 18 ) to 1,541 (for N numbers size of 10 32 ) times with its monotone growth with increasing N.


Under the condition of water temperature of 25~27℃,pH of 7.5~8.5,salinity of 13~16 and continuous aeration,the experiment was conducted on two different species of juvenile crabs(Scylla paramamosain,Scylla serrata) with the cages which were made of PVC pipe and silk screen net in pools. The result showed the rates of mortality were Scylla paramamosain( 42.19%) and of Scylla serrata (32.88% ) ; the molting rates were Scylla paramamosain(42.72%) and of Scylla serrata (47.28% ). The weight coefficient were the groups Ⅰ(21.10) and the group Ⅱ(14.17); the increase of carapace length were the groups Ⅰ(337.25%) and the group Ⅱ(304.99%; the increase of carapace width are 275.00%,204.42%,had signification difference(p0.05). The relationships between the carapace length and width of three groups (Ⅰ,Ⅱ) were yⅠ= 1.6455x -1.8486,yⅡ = 1.7406x -2.7513; the relationships between the carapace width and weight of two groups were wⅠ = 0.0264e0.2818x,w Ⅱ= 0.0308e0.2772x. In conclusion ,under the condition of this experiment ,the density of juvenile crab was 417/ m2 had the highest rate of survival,the model of cultured. crabs with the cages which were made of PVC pipe and silk screen net in pools is feasible.


Switching the period length allows to increase the tunability of an insertion device (ID). This can be realized in superconducting IDs by reversing the current in a separately powered subset of the superconducting windings. In order to use only one power supply instead of two for the two circuits, reducing the thermal input to the device, work is ongoing at ANKA (ANgstrom source KArlsruhe) to develop a superconducting switch (SCS). In this work we present the results of the test of an in vacuum housed, conduction cooled SCS.


The Gram determinant technique is applied to signal representation by non-orthogonal bases. A special case of image representation in biological and machine vision using Gabor elementary functions (GEFs) is considered. It is shown that, in general, the Gram determinant is a better approach to computation of the expansion coefficients than the one using bi-orthonormal auxiliary functions. An optimal representation by finite sets of coefficients is attained without a significant computational effort and the resultant reconstruction error converges monotonically with the addition of basis' components to the reconstruction set. The Gram approach appears to be in a better accord with biological findings, regarding information processing along the visual pathway, compared to the conventional bi-orthogonal scheme.


A sediment core was collected from S Reservoir, which is located in the western part of Okayama Prefecture. The vertical distribution of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu and Cd) and fine particles (<37μm) was measured. The heavy metal contents of the sediment core are relatively high in small grain layers. Partitioning of heavy metals into NH2OH HCl soluble, H2O2 soluble and HF soluble fractions has been determined with a selective chemical leaching technique on the sediment samples. The greatest parts of Mn and Cd are contained in the NHOH HCl soluble fraction (mostly iron and manganese oxide and hydroxide coatings on silicate minerals), whereas more than 50% of Fe, Zn, Ni and Cu is present in the HF soluble fraction (silicate lattice). The variations of heavy metal contents in the sediment core are chiefly due to those in NH2OH HCl soluble and HF soluble fractions. Only manganese is significantly enriched in the NH2OH HCl soluble fraction of the settling material collected by the sediment trap near the bottom, probably due to the release of manganese from bottom sediment into overlying water. Manganese oxide and hydroxide reprecipitated under oxic conditions of the bottom water after the release might have been effectively collected by the sediment trap.


The identification and production performance by two groups of native Japanese of the American English (AE) vowels /ae/, /a/, /■/, /■/, /■/ was measured before and after a six‐week, identification training program. A signal detection theory (SDT) analysis of the confusion data, as measured by d′, revealed that all five AE vowels were more identifiable by the experimental trained group than the control untrained group. The d′ results showed that /■/ was less identifiable than /■/ in the pretest, even though the percentage identification rate for /■/ was slightly greater than that for /■/. Both groups productions of a list of CVCs, each containing one of the target AE vowels, were presented to a group of native AE listeners in a series of identification tasks. The d′ results revealed that the AE listeners could more sensitively identify the experimental groups post‐test vowel productions than they could the control groups. SDT analysis also clarified an additional potentially confusing result: /■/ was somewh...


Part one of the first article describes two different diagnosis systems: stationary diagnosis systems and on-board diagnosis systems. Part two concerns the technical and economical behaviour of different buses. The second article considers the wide range of factors involved in determining the optimum size and configuration of bus inevitability results in a different conclusion for almost every individual town or city. It concludes it will be extremely difficult to establish an optimum size for a small bus.


The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Operational Oceanographic Products (CO-OPS) has been conducting a series of tests of several different types Microwave Water Level (MWWL) sensors in order to gain an understanding of sensor functions and performance capabilities and to assess the suitability for incorporation of these sensors into the NOAA National Water Level Observation Network (NWLON). On March 5-6, 2008, one particular laboratory test of four different microwave sensors was conducted with the following objectives: 1) determine the impact of surface gravity waves on the accuracy of measured water level and 2) collect a data set that can be used to develop techniques for removing high frequency surface wave induced noise from long term microwave water level records. The two day test was conducted at the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) Maneuvering and Sea Keeping Basin (MASK) in Carderock, Maryland. This facility includes a 110 m long, 73 m wide, 6.1 m deep indoor tank, with the capability to generate controlled, multi-directional surface waves. During the test, the four sensors measured water level in the tank from above, at four different sensor-to-water ranges, 3, 5, 7, and 9 meters. At each measurement height, a range of different surface wave conditions were generated in the tank, including regular controlled wavelength waves as well as irregular waves, simulating real ocean conditions. Results indicate that in some cases, continuously generated uniform wavelength waves caused offsets in measured water level for all sensors, and these offsets depend on the ratio between the width of the sensor footprint on the water surface and dominant wavelength of surface waves present. The impact of surface waves on measured water level varied across different sensors, due to different filtering and range tracking algorithms employed. Results will be used to gain a better understanding of sensors' processing capabilities and to ensure that each sensor's parameters are optimally configured for additional future field tests. A detailed overview of the setup and execution of this unique laboratory test will be presented along with analysis results summarizing the observed wave induced offsets. Recommendations on filtering methods for removing high frequency surface wave induced noise from long term MWWL measurements will also be discussed.


An extremal-F process {Y (t); t ≧ 0} is defined as the continuous time analogue of sample sequences of maxima of i.i.d. r.v.'s distributed like F in the same way that processes with stationary independent increments (s.i.i.) are the continuous time analogue of sample sums of i.i.d. r.v.'s with an infinitely divisible distribution. Extremal-F processes are stochastically continuous Markov jump processes which traverse the interval of concentration of F. Most extremal processes of interest are broad sense equivalent to the largest positive jump of a suitable s.i.i. process and this together with known results from the theory of record values enables one to conclude that the number of jumps of Y (t) in (t 1, t 2] follows a Poisson distribution with parameter log t 2/t 1. The time transformation t→ et gives a new jump process whose jumps occur according to a homogeneous Poisson process of rate 1. This fact leads to information about the jump times and the inter-jump times. When F is an extreme value distribution the Y-process has special properties. The most important is that if F(x) = exp {—e –x } then Y(t) has an additive structure. This structure plus non parametric techniques permit a variety of conclusions about the limiting behaviour of Y(t) and its jump times.


Market liberalization in the EU serves as a basis for class distinctions among migrants, while restrictive immigration policies help in constructing certain immigrant culture(s) as a threat to homogeneity and welfare state solidarity Over the past few decades, the grounds for the legitimization of inequalities have shifted. Ascriptive traits (heterogeneities) have been complemented by the alleged cultural dispositions of immigrants and the conviction that immigrants as individuals are responsible for their own fate. Such categorizations start by distinguishing legitimate refugees from non-legitimate forced migrants. Another important issue is the alleged illiberal predispositions of migrants and their unadaptability to modernity. Politics and policies seem to reward specific types of migrants and refugees, exclude the lowand non-performers in the market, and reward those who espouse liberal attitudes. In brief, it is a process of categorizing migrants into useful or dispensable.


A novel electronic ballast using dual buck half-bridge inverter is proposed in this paper. The inverter not only eliminates the output waveform distortion problems, but also easily achieves all switches of ZVS state. It is controlled at constant switching frequency by the duty cycle parameter. The IC UCC3305 supplies the high-intensity-discharge (HID) lamp with low-frequency square-wave sources to avoid acoustic resonance. A prototype circuit designed for a 1000-W HID lamp was built and tested to justify the theoretical analysis. Satisfactory performances are obtained from the PSIM simulation and experimental results. The power factor is nearly unity and the THD is less than 5%. The efficiency is approximately 90%.


The present article is devoted to an analysis of a correlation existing between the mode of language use, the naive everyday ontology of language, and the linguistic theory in their determination by the Roman intellectuals" mentality and world-view in 1 B.C. 1 A.D. In the firs part of the paper the author explores an influence of pansemiotism an ability to manifest a sign (signum) -upon perception of language essence in the Roman culture. The consequence of the influence was that the language did not have a privileged ontological status. The Romans saw signs of its ontological imperfection in relativity of its meanings and its changeability. A conventional nominalistic attitude towards the language was manifested first of all in that what can be generally called speech culture. The multifold practice of a conscious and purposeful refinement of the speech had as its metaphysic basement a notion of a total progress occurring in the world and fatalism peculiar to the Romans in that time. Having considered the factors determining a creation of the Roman linguistic theory the author comes to an analysis of its conceptual core connected with questions of language origin and genesis. Like Epicurus" disciples stoics solved a problem of language origin par excellence according to a deterministic principle. Proceeding from an idea of universe rationality stoics offered their solution to an old problem of how, naturally or conventionally, first names had been given to things. They found both positions right in their own way: the language had arisen both naturally and conventionally. As far as a problem of language development is concerned there was a tense discussion about it known as the analogists and the anomalists" dispute. The anomalists thought the main thing directing a language dynamics was conscious and unconscious efforts of people as well as other spontaneously happening circumstances. The adherents of the analogy stated the language changed according to its own specific rules. In conclusion of the article the author claims that the sociocultural determinedness of the linguistic theory manifested first in a selection of problems postulated as most important and in the intellectual approaches to their solution and was further elaborated by the followers of concurrent schools (stoics and epicureans adherents of the analogism and the anomalism). It was argued that in spite of all differences in those approaches and methods their metaphysic basement were common in many ways, because they were predetermined by universal intellectual orientations and notions dominating an elite sphere of that epoch


Preferences of producers and consumers of food products are focused on the use of natural ingredients, including natural dyes. A recognized source of red food colorants - anthocyanin is the wild berry, cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos L. common. Development of effective technologies of processing of berries provides the most complete extraction in the juice anthocyanin compounds will allow to obtain berry juice ingredients with high contents of anthocyanin-based natural dyes and other bioactive substances of the berries for use in the formular of food products. Studies conducted experimental validation and development of pretreatment of cranberries upon receipt of the juice using different methods (blanching, microwave, ulntrasonic, enzymatic pretreatment) provides the most complete extraction into the juice anthocyanin compounds. It was found that the pretreatment of cranberry berries in the producing of juice has a significant impact on the juice yield, extraction of anthocyanins and antioxidant activity of the juice. It was experimentally established that the use of ultrasound and microwave pretreatment of cranberry berries in the developed conditions increases the yield of juice by 16-27%, anthocyanins - 1.5-1.9 times, antioxidant activity of juice - 1.1 and 1.2 times. More effective are the preliminary stage of blanching and enzymatic treatment using the multy enzyme composition based Fructocym P-6L and Laminex BG2: juice yield increases of 2.5 and 1.3 times, the anthocyanins – in 3.0 and 2.2 times, the antioxidant activity of the juice increases of 1.3 and 1.25 times, respectively, compared to the same indicators established for the juice obtained from cranberries, not subjected to preliminary processing. It is revealed that the pretreatment of cranberry berries does not lead to qualitative changes in the composition of anthocyanin juice compounds and their quantitative ratios. It is shown that the anthocyanin profile of cranberry juices is represented by six anthocyanins based on cyanidin and peonidin, carbohydrate components are glucose, galactose, arabinose. The predominant anthocyanins are cyanidin-3-galactoside (24.6-25.0%) and peonidin-3-galactoside (28.7-31.4%)


Intramolecular thermal [2π + 2σ]-cycloaddition reactions in the tricyclo[3.2.1.02,4]-oct-6-ene system are described. Within a certain set of conditions no [2π + 2σ]-additions within some tricyclo[5.1.0.03,5]octane derivatives could be achieved.


The distribution of mineral abundances on lunar surface is one of the basic kinds of information which contains important data such as the origin and evolution of the moon.In this paper,the distribution of clinopyroxene,orthopyroxene,olivine,plagioclase and ilmenite on lunar surface was mapped based on Hapke radioactive transfer model and linear unmixing of spectra using Clementine UV/VIS/NIR data.The result is compared with the results obtained by previous researchers and Apollo sample analysis,and the problems existing in mineral abundance mapping are analyzed preliminarily.


The authors have reported in 1951, on a system of indicating shaft-horsepower with a wattmeter to which an electric type torsionmeter and an electric tachometer are connected. Since then, further researches have been made with the intention of consummating the shaft-horsepower meter, especially we made our efforts to the simplification of its control, the maintenance of its accuracy, and the diminution of its cost.In this paper, the progress of researches made on improving the shaft-horsepower meter is reported.


Manonichthys jamali sp. nov. is described from 11 specimens, 13.3-58.4 mm standard length (SL), collected in the Fak Fak Peninsula region of Irian Jaya Barat Province (western New Guinea), Indonesia. It was observed on coral reefs at depths of 9-16 m and was occasionally seen entering sponges of the genus Callyspongia. It apparently mimics Chromis retrofasciata Weber, 1913, a small pomacentrid fish that exhibits a similar color pattern. The new taxon is most similar to M. alleni, M. polynemus, and M. splendens from the Indo-Malay Archipelago, but is distinguished from those species and all other pseudochromines on the basis of the color pattern, particularly the presence of a prominent black bar across the anterior caudal peduncle and adjacent posterior body extending onto the basal 1/2 of the last 6-8 dorsal and anal fin rays. Additionally, adults have fewer predorsal scales than M. polynemus (20-24 vs. 25-30) and a different caudal-fin shape than M. alleni and M. splendens (emarginate rather than rounded to truncate).


Several studies have underscored the importance of ICT governance for organizations that wish to leverage ICT capabilities to achieve strategic goals. This is also true for higher education institutions. However, there is still a lack of consolidated view on factors associated with ICT governance effectiveness in higher education. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review of the factors related to ICT governance effectiveness to address this gap. Our finding suggests that three groups of factors are associated with ICT governance effectiveness: Relational mechanism (Office of the CIO, internal communication, and leadership), ICT governance structure (ICT strategy committee, relationship managers, and steering committees), and ICT governance processes (strategic ICT planning, framework, and performance measurement).


THE FOLLOWING invention relates to the use of GELS RIGID containing at least 20% by weight or ONE OR MORE jelling agents soluble or hydrophilic which can be obtained from such a gelling agent soluble or hydrophilic in presence of water by mixing, kneading, cOMPRESSION AND EXTRUSION OF A TWO extruder screws. These gels build new Galenica forms BAR pencils or tablets. They may be aqueous WITH A BUILT BY AN ARRAY RED gelled aqueous. They may be in anhydrous form with a matrix consisting of a gelled RED DRIED. They can provide many products in solid form APPLIED FOR MAKEUP FOR CARE AND / OR SKIN TREATMENT, SCALP, HAIR OR Mucous OR HYGIENE BODY, SKIN, SCALP, THE hair or mucous membranes.


CONTEXT
Recent preclinical data suggests exercise during pregnancy can improve the metabolic phenotype not only of the mother, but of the developing offspring as well. However, investigations in human offspring are lacking.

OBJECTIVE
To characterize the effect of maternal aerobic exercise on the metabolic phenotype of the offspring's mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

DESIGN
Randomized controlled trial.

SETTING
Clinical research facility.

PATIENTS
Healthy female adults between 18-35 years of age and ≤16 weeks' gestation.

INTERVENTION
Mothers were randomized into one of two groups: aerobic exercise (AE, n=10) or non-exercise control (CON, n=10). The AE group completed 150 min of weekly moderate-intensity exercise, according to ACSM guidelines, during pregnancy while controls attended stretching sessions.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Following delivery, MSCs were isolated from the umbilical cord of the offspring and metabolic tracer and immunoblotting experiments were completed in the undifferentiated (D0) or myogenically differentiated (D21) state.

RESULTS
AE-MSCs at D0 had an elevated fold-change over basal in insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis and reduced non-oxidized glucose metabolite (NOGM) production (p≤0.05). At D21, AE-MSCs had a significant elevation in glucose partitioning toward oxidation (oxidation/NOGM ratio) compared to CON (p≤0.05). Immunoblot analysis revealed elevated complex I expression in the AE-MSCs at D21 (p≤0.05). Basal and palmitate-stimulated lipid metabolism was similar between groups at D0 and D21.

CONCLUSIONS
These data provide evidence of a programmed metabolic phenotype in human offspring with maternal aerobic exercise during pregnancy.


A large class of linearly concatenated shift registers is shown to generate approximately maximally spaced phase shifts of pn-sequences, for use in pseudorandom number generation. A constructive method is presented for finding members of this class, for almost all degrees for which primitive trinomials exist. The sequences which result are not normally characterized by trinomial recursions, which is desirable since trinomial sequences can have some undesirable randomness properties.


The cell bodies of the lumbar sensory and sympathetic pre‐ and postganglionic neurons that project in the caudal lumbar sympathetic trunk of the cat have been labeled retrogradely with horseradish peroxidase applied to the central end of their cut axons. The application was made just proximal to the segmental ganglion that sends its gray rami to the L7 spinal nerve, and so identified the sympathetic outflow concerned primarily with the vasculature of the hindlimb and tail. The numbers, segmental distribution, location, and size of the labeled somata have been determined quantitatively. Labeled cell bodies were found ipsilaterally, but the segmental distributions of the different cell types were not matched. Afferent cell bodies lay in‐dorsal root ganglia Ll‐L5 (maximum L4), preganglionic cell bodies in spinal segments T10‐L5 (maximum L2/3), and postganglionic cell bodies in ganglia L2‐L5 (maximum L5). Both numbers and dimensions of labeled dorsal root ganglion cells were variable between experiments (maximum about 1,000); the majority were small relative to the entire population of sensory neurons. Labeled preganglionic cell bodies were located right across the intermediate region of the spinal cord, extending from the lateral part of the dorsolateral funiculus to the central canal. The highest density of labeled neurons lay at the border between the white and gray matter (corresponding to the intermediolateral cell column) with smaller proportions medially in L1‐L2, and laterally in caudal L4‐L5. Medial ‐ preganglionic neurons were generally larger than those lying in lateral positions. From the data, it is estimated that about 650 afferent, about 4,500 preganglionic, and some 2,500 postganglionic neurons project in each lumbar sympathetic trunk distal to the ganglion L5 in the cat.


Plate extrusions after free tissue transfer for mandibular reconstruction can be problematic and generally require revision surgery. Our objective was to assess the predictors of plate extrusion and compare outcomes between fibular free flaps (FFF), lateral border scapular flaps (LBSF), and scapular tip free flaps (STFF).


The paper begins with a description of the photoelastic technique. The stresses at and away from interior and edge slots in uniaxially compressed plates are then observed photoelastically. The photoelastic data are used to construct trajectories for the principal stresses, shear and tension fractures, and to determine the magnitudes and locations of the greatest tensile and compressive stress concentrations. Some of the implications of the work to fracture initiation, fracture continuation, and thrust faulting are explored. In the Appendix, the elastic theory for stresses on the surface of an elliptical hole in .a stressed plate is discussed and compared to the photoel~stie models.


The deceleration stage of inertial confinement fusion implosions is modeled in detail using three-dimensional simulations designed to match experiments at the National Ignition Facility. In this final stage of the implosion, shocks rebound from the center of the capsule, forming the high-temperature, low-density hot spot and slowing the incoming fuel. The flow field that results from this process is highly three-dimensional and influences many aspects of the implosion. The interior of the capsule has high-velocity motion, but viscous effects limit the range of scales that develop. The bulk motion of the hot spot shows qualitative agreement with experimental velocity measurements, while the variance of the hot spot velocity would broaden the DT neutron spectrum, increasing the inferred temperature by 400–800 eV. Jets of ablator material are broken apart and redirected as they enter this dynamic hot spot. Deceleration stage simulations using two fundamentally different rad-hydro codes are compared and the flow field is found to be in good agreement.


In this paper, I focus on the effects of outsourcing on conditional labor demand elasticities. I begin by developing a model of outsourcing that formalizes this relationship. I show that the increased possibility of outsourcing (modeled as a decline in foreign intermediate input prices and an increase in the elasticity of substitution between foreign and domestic intermediate inputs) should increase labor demand elasticities. I also show that, a decline in the share of unskilled labor, due either to skill biased technological change or to movement of unskilled labor intensive stages abroad, can work in the opposite direction and reverse the increasing trend in elasticities. I then test the predictions of the model using the U.S. Census Bureau's Longitudinal Research Database (LRD). The instrumental variable approach used in the estimation of labor demand equations is the main methodological contribution of this paper. I directly address the endogeneity of wages in the labor demand equation by using average non-manufacturing wages for each location and year as an instrumental variable for the plant-level wages in the manufacturing sector. The results support the main predictions of my model. U.S. manufacturing plants operating in industries that heavily outsource experienced an increase in their conditional labor demand elasticities during the 1980-1992 period. After 1992 elasticities began to decrease in outsourcing industries. This finding is consistent with the model which suggests that a decline in the share of unskilled labor in total cost could result in such a decrease in labor demand elasticities, precisely when the level of outsourcing is high. Estimates at the two-digit industry level provide further evidence in support of the hypothesis that heavily outsourcing industries experience greater increases in their elasticities.


A greenhouse study was conducted to determine if the effects of water stress and shade on the growth of lemon are interactive or independent. The main effects of water stress significantly decreased number and surface area of young and old leaves, fresh and dry weight of leaves, flushes and whole plants as well as proportion of dry matter partitioned allocated to leaves. The main effects of shade significantly decreased number and surface area of young leaves, canopy volume, as well as fresh and dry weight of young leaves, flushes and whole plant. Water trees generally had more severe effects than shade. The interactive effects of water stress and shade were significant for fresh and dry weight of young leaves and whole plant. Since total dry matter accumulation is a very important growth index, the effects of water stress and shade on the vegetative growth of lemon are considered interactive. Keywords : Citrus, 'Eureka', lemon, shade, water stress, vegetative growth. Nigerian Journal of Horticultural Science Vol. 10 2005: pp. 12-17


Participial adverbial constructions have received a lot of attention as means of complex condensation – a function associated in particular with their use in academic prose. Here the choice of a participial clause1 (as opposed to a fi nite clause) is governed by interplay of a number of syntactic, semantic and pragmatic factors. The corpora of spoken academic English make it possible to investigate the way participial constructions are employed in academic spoken monologue. Their occurrence seems to be infl uenced here by a strong tendency to use fi xed lexico-grammatical bundles comprising participles, which perform the functions of the expression of stance, discourse organization as well as the referential function.


Refrigeration, or cold‐storage, of platelets may be beneficial to extend the limited shelf‐life of conventionally stored platelets and support transfusion protocols in rural and military areas. The aim of this study was to compare the morphologic, metabolic, and functional aspects of apheresis platelets stored at room‐temperature (RT) or cold conditions, in either plasma or supplemented with platelet additive solution (PAS).


This paper proposes an effective self-augmentation method for improving the quality of neural text-to-speech (TTS) systems. As synthetic speech quality has been greatly improved, creating a neural TTS system using synthetic corpora is now possible. However, whether increasing the amount of synthetic data is always beneficial for improving training efficiency has not been verified. Our aim in this study is to selectively choose synthetic data whose characteristics are close to those of natural speech. Specifically, we adopt a ranking support vector machine (RankSVM) that is well known for effectively ranking relative attributes among binary classes. By setting the synthetic and recorded corpora as two opposite classes, RankSVM is used to determine how the synthesized speech is acoustically similar with the recorded data. As training data can be selectively chosen from large-scale synthetic corpora, the performance of the TTS model re-trained by those data is significantly improved. Subjective evaluation results verify that the proposed TTS model performs much better than the original model trained with recorded data alone and the similarly configured system re-trained with all the synthetic data without any selection method.


The main novelty of the paper is that analytical, experimental, and numerical analyses are used to investigate the free vibration problem of a sandwich structure in which Nanocomposites skins (SiO 2 /epoxy and Al 2 O 3 /epoxy) at different densities are used as the face sheet. The volume fraction's of nanoparticle addition varies (0% to 2.5%). The present free vibration was derived based on Kirchhoff's theory and aspiration to obtain the natural frequency. The results show that in structures with SiO 2 nanoparticles with a density of 1180 kg⁄m 3, the optimum increase (V F = 2.5%) is 50% in Young's modulus and 22% in natural frequency, while at a density of 1210 kg⁄m 3 is 56 % in Young's modulus and 24.5% in natural frequency. Furthermore, the same structures reinforced with Al 2 O 3 Nano-particles show that at the density of 1180 kg⁄m 3 , the optimum (V F =2.5%) parentage increase in Young's modulus is 41% and 19% in natural frequency, while at the density of 1210 kg⁄m 3 is 46% in Young's modulus and 21% in natural frequency. A numerical investigation was used to validate the obtained results of the analytical solution. The findings also show an acceptable convergence between analytical and numerical techniques with a maximum discrepancy not exceeding 3%.


Objective. Theobjective of the study is to determine the essence of cryptocurrencies and substantiate them as a type of digital financial asset.

Methods. Methods of synthesis and generalization, comparative and stochastic analysis are used to define the basic concepts of cryptocurrencies, their main types and substantiate cryptocurrencies as a type of digital financial asset.

Results. In the process of studying the meaning of the term "cryptocurrency" it is explained as a financial instrument, a global means of payment, circulation and investment, a specific asset, digital (virtual) currency, which exists in electronic form. Cryptocurrency is a special type of digital financial assets, the operation of which is based on a decentralized mechanism of issuance and circulation and is a complex system of information technology procedures based on cryptographic protection methods that regulate the identification of owners and record the change.

The characteristics of the main types of cryptocurrencies are singled out and given, which include: Bitcoin, Lightcoin, Pircoin, Neimcoin, Fezerkoin. It is also determined that the main criteria of target functions, the calculations of which are used in cryptocurrencies, are the following: the inevitability of transactions; opportunity for anyone to check their validity; the complexity of calculations with the predicted speed.

The factors of dependence of the value of cryptocurrencies are considered. They include: network factor (network size, breadth of its use as a measure of price or utility for consumers); demand or utility; attention of investors.

The basis of each of the cryptocurrencies is a blockchain. The sequence of each transaction is determined by complex cryptographic functions: each transaction includes an electronically signed hash of the previous transaction; transactions are collected in blocks, and the hash of all transactions of the block is calculated for the header by constructing a Merkel tree; the block goes through the confirmation procedure with the inclusion of the hash of the previous block.

The principle of operation of the blockchain is determined. It includes decentralization: the absence of a server in the chain; the work of the whole blockchain is supported by each participant; reliability: filtering operations; hash substitution is not possible; universality: the use of blockchain in various fields; theoretical infinity: addition of records to infinity; transparency: the inability to change data because transactions are stored and presented in the public domain.

Thus, cryptocurrency is a high-risk and highly volatile instrument of a financial asset that can reduce risk through diversification, increase profitability and the desire to keep up with the times, based on blockchain technology.


The problem of the possibility of a fruitful study of the rural parish history of the Soviet period through microhistorical analysis is raised. For discussion, the experience of researching the fate of a small Old Believer community is proposed. Both archival documents and interview materials are used. The purpose of the publication is to show some factors of the reproduction of traditional religious culture on the Soviet collective farm of the 1940s—1970s and at the same time demonstrate the heuristic potential of combined archival and field work. The author focuses on the figure of a priest who managed to restore and strengthen his parish, despite the previous dispossession and destruction of the prayer house. The cohesion of the community, outstanding personal qualities, as well as the ability of believers to practically harmonize Christian and Soviet values became the conditions for his success is shown in the article. The adoption of Soviet cultural norms, excluding atheism, is considered in the work as the most important factor in the survival of the Old Believer community. The expediency of verifying the data of official Soviet documentation by referring to oral history is demonstrated in the study. It is pointed out that in the materials of the USSR civil servants devoted to confessional phenomena, strict facts could be combined with false interpretations.


Information system is becoming much more important for a company to gain competitive advantage compared to their competitors. A company with good information systems will acquired better opportunity .The purpose of this study is to understand the satisfaction level of an information system application and factors that influenced the user satisfaction. Factors that have been tested are system speed, system security, system accuracy, effectiveness and efficiency, IT Support and user friendliness. This study was taken place in PT X that uses an IS application to support company business. The result shows that users are satisfied to the current application. There are three factors that significantly influence user satisfaction: system accuracy, system speed, and IT support. On the contrary, factors that have not significantly influencing user satisfaction of information system are system security, effectiveness and efficiency, and user friendly. Some actions must be taken such as repairing system speed from hardware site, software development, and networking reliability.Next module to be developed is Fixed Asset Module, based on the readiness of accounting division. Keywords: information systems, user satisfaction, application


J. G. A. Pocock recently expressed skepticism about some aspects of the "new" British history. He noted that his original purpose in proposing such a history twenty-five years ago was to emphasize that Britain is constituted of a "plurality of histories"; the "pluralization of histories is intended to enhance their autonomy, not diminish it." Yet, Pocock notes, other scholars want to "bend" this approach "in other directions," away from multiplicity and complexity and toward a kind of homogenizing view of European history. As he puts it, pluralization "does not satisfy the Eurocratic mind. Any proposal to recount the British histories in their archipelagic settings is met with the response that this is not enough and the demand that they be situated in one more 'European."' The "Eurocrats," Pocock suggests, underestimate the importance of national histories and national difference, and see in the "new" British history an opportunity to challenge the parochialism of English and American exceptionalisms, and even "to annihilate the histories of all particular nations."'


Based on an improved SU(2) slave-boson approach to the t-J Hamiltonian, we derive a phase diagram of high $T_c$ cuprates which displays both the superconducting and pseudogap phases in the plane of temperature vs. hole doping rate. It is shown that the inclusion of phase fluctuations in the order parameters results in a closer agreement with the observed superconducting temperature(bose condensation line) of an arch shape as a function of hole doping rate.


Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films are deposited onto severval kinds of substrates by electron beam evaporating in a high vacuum system. After the heat treatment at 850–890°c for 1hr the Y-Ba-Cu-O films on the BaF2 substrates show superconducting behaviors with the midpoint Tc around 87K and zero resistance temperature at 77K. The composition and stucture analysis of these films have been studied by AES, XRFS and x-ray diffraction.


Black and white photograph of two young women, Inger Nielsen and Alma Harton, standing on concrete steps in front of the Danevang Lutheran Church. They are both wearing white dresses and have their arms around each others' waists. The young woman on the left has her other arm on her hips. Behind them, the doors of the church are closed. The arched window above the door has an inscription that says "ANSGAR KIRKE," meaning each other's waist.


t is highly important today to assess what policy the leaders of Russia are pursuing in the ChechenRepublic (CR), to identify all of its possible alternatives and their impact on Russia's South. Let'shave a look at what was done between 2000 and 2004. In 2000 the Center restored its power in therepublic, set up a system of military commandants across its territory, created a national administra-tion and tied Chechnia to the federal budget system. The republic, however, remained a scene of thecounterterrorist operation.In February 2001 the RF government adopted a Federal Target Program of Rehabilitation of theEconomic and Social Sphere of the Chechen Republic for the Year 2001 (Resolution No. 96). Ac-cording to expert assessments, it was fulfilled by 15 percent for lack of coordination among the fed-eral partners in the program and their inadequate approach to its realization. Strange as it may seemthe reasons lied outside the republic. The failure is explained by the low culture and practice of draft-ing, adopting, and realizing federal target programs of regional development adopted for implemen-tation since the 1990s. (All of them remained practically unfulfilled.) This says that many of the topgovernment bureaucrats have not completely realized that it was them who are responsible for thesuccess or failure of such programs. In the European Union, for example, similar territorial programsare one of the most important elements of the states' regional policies, which explains why the aimsand schedules are faithfully observed, while the results improve the living standards and create morejobs for the economically active population in such regions.As distinct from the European countries the RF has not yet made its target programs an efficientinstrument of its regional policies—they are still mere declarations. There are no consistent informa-tion about the political and socioeconomic development of the Chechen Republic in recent years. Eventhough the statistical service of the CR has been functioning since 2002 there are too many gaps in thegraphs related to Chechnia, which means that information either does not reach the Center or is mere-ly ignored. In fact, the republic's statistical service leaves much to be desired: the summary statisticalmaterial On the Socioeconomic Situation and the Progress of Restoration Works in the Chechen Re-public for the Year 2003 (the Construction-Restoration Works section) was based on the figures sup-plied by the RF State Committee for Statistics that received them from the corresponding federalministries and departments. The figures look doubtful to say the least. I am not talking about the money(4,234.9 million rubles) spent. My doubts about the restored facilities are based on independent as-sessments by those who saw the progress of restoration works with their own eyes. This says that thestatus of the CR services responsible for gathering and summing up statistical data and presenting themon time to the RF State Committee for Statistics should be elevated.It is the Federal Center that is responsible for Chechnia's future and its real integration intothe country's political and socioeconomic system; the Center is carrying out this policy in the re-public and the Southern Federal Okrug (SFO) as a whole. Today, real peace and stability in Chech-


The study examines the wetness over the China mainland under the 1.5°C global warming using the 3-monthly Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) based on an ensemble of CORDEX regional climate models. Results indicate that the Northwest China is characterized by more severe wetness than the other subregions. And the winter shows the largest wetness among the four seasons, especially for North China, Northeast China and Northwest China, with the ensemble mean and median of their regionally averaged SPI showing abnormally wet.


Abstract : The development and progression of cancer result from multiple genetic changes accumulated in the cells. The identification of tumor suppressor genes inactivated and proto-oncogenes activated in mammary epithelial cells is essential to understand the genetic basis of breast cancer and is a prerequisite for development of strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. In breast cancer, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was detected frequently on chromosome 17 and other chromosomes, suggesting unrecognized tumor suppressor genes. We are applying the novel retroviral-tagging strategy to identify the genes using chromosome 17-suppressed (independent of p53 and BRCAl) breast cancer cell lines. In contrast to the parental tumorigenic cell line CAL51, the suppressed sublines CAL/17-3 and CAL/17-5 display retard growth in flasks, no growth in soft-agar culture and athymic nude mice. In this annual report, we present preparation of biological materials including cell culture, isolation of DNA and RNA, construction of cDNA library and packaging retrovirus particles. In order to provide antisense and mutant proteins to inhibit activities of tumor suppressor genes, poly-(A)+RNA was isolated from the suppressed subline CAL17-3 and used to construct the library. We are now in the process to package cDNA library into retrovirus particles for transduction.


Le Tresor Artistique de la France (Treasury of French Art) is a book illustrated by photographs intended to popularize the French artistic heritage and published by the Societe Anonyme des Publications Periodiques (Corporation for Periodical Publications). Planning began in 1876 and publishing began in 1878, and it ceased publication after its initial series, devoted to the works of the Galerie d'Apollon. My analysis of the available copies casts doubt on its intent as declared in its preface. Compared to similar works and considered in the context of the cultural, technological, and economic issues of the day, the evidence points to the work's actual mission as the promotion of a new photographic process, an objective that takes precedence over the popularization of artworks. The Tresor emerges as a representative example of a type of book I propose to call the 'livre-specimen,' or 'specimen book.' That it was never completed becomes less a sign of failure than of the changes taking place in the relations between books and photographs at the turn of the 1880s.


Thickness of a shock wave in hydrogen is estimated over a wide range of shock velocity. Different speed regimes have their own characteristic shock thickness. Very strong shock thickness is proportional to the Coulomb mean free path in the post shock plasma.


Background In recent years, the incidence of depression is on the rise. Our paper proposed to study the protective effects of Schisandrin on CORT-induced PC12 depressive cell model and the underlying mechanisms. Methods The in vitro models of PC12 were established using corticosterone (CORT). 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method was used to screen the effective concentration of Schisandrin, and the models of PC12 were treated with low, medium, and high concentrations of Schisandrin. The cell activity of each group was detected by MTT assay. The LDH activity in each group of cells was detected by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kit. Apoptosis rate of each group was detected by Annexin V-FITC apoptosis assay kit. Mitochondrial membrane potential of each group of cells was detected by mitochondrial membrane potential kit. The protein expression levels of Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 in each group of cells were detected by western blot. Results The treatment of Schisandrin significantly increased the cell viability in models of PC12. In addition, the results of LDH activity suggested that Schisandrin significantly reduced LDH content in models of PC12. Consistently, Schisandrin reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential of CORT-induced PC12 depressive cell model. Furthermore, Schisandrin effectively reduced the number of apoptotic cells and inhibited the expression of proapoptotic-related proteins (cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax) but increased the antiapoptotic-related protein (Bcl-2) in the models of PC12. Conclusions Protective effects of Schisandrin on CORT-induced PC12 depressive cell model by inhibiting cells apoptosis in vitro.


This article describes how the Transportation Technology Center, Incorporated (TTCI) is evaluating the life cycles of different ballast under heavy-axle-load traffic in cooperation with the American Association of Railroads (AAR), the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and Union Pacific (UP). TTCI is focusing on ballast degradation while monitoring ballast particle breakdown with tonnage and correlating the particle size distribution to the strength and deformation properties of the various materials. Measuring the relationship between gradation and strength allows a better understanding of the behavior and life cycles of different ballast types. The article shows how initial test results show promise in predicting ballast performance under heavy-axle-load (HAL) operations. Quantifying the potential for ballast permanent deformation and settlement will significantly aid in the understanding of uneven track settlement and related track geometry problems.


The current emergency services are mostly using old-fashioned generic voice-based technologies. Hence, proliferating smart and powerful end-user devices, which are quasi-permanently connected to the Internet is still weakly considered. Given that fact, we design and develop YouSOS, a framework extending the usability of conventional SOS services. YouSOS is built in a way that centralizes rescue operations' scheduling and execution on emergency theaters as perceived by affected in-field persons, rather than remote operators. YouSOS provides multimedia communication between different actors in an emergency situation, e.g. affected persons, polices and medical staff. The media type and its format is automatically configured by YouSOS as a function of ambient usage context and available resources. The front-end user interfaces of YouSOS are designed taking into account confused users' mindset and time pressure. A controller deployed at YouSOS back-end analyses received user and terminal in order to filter-out redundant and irrelevant content. This is done using specific perceived quality models and similarity indexes. Next, YouSOS selects and notifies geographically in-vicinity contacts using different technologies, such as SMS or Instantaneous Messages, e.g. WhatsApp or Facebook Messenger. An implemented prototype of YouSOS demonstrates its potential benefices in order to notify in a customized way the emergency situations.


A sampling valve for gases or liquids is described, which is capable of operating at high sample pressures (up to 74 kgf cm-2) or at high temperatures (up to 300 degrees C). For the high pressure operation a Kel F-Teflon-Molykote composite sealing material has been developed. Typical operating conditions are 62 degrees C and 35 kgf cm-2. When provided with sealings of commercially available polyimide the same valve can be used at temperatures as high as 300 degrees C and pressures of a few atmospheres. The valve is particularly suitable for studies in gas kinetics, since very small vapour or liquid samples can be injected directly from a reaction system into the gas chromatographic column.


The effects of propofol and ketamine on physiological parameters, electrocardiography, and analgesia were evaluated in twelve dogs that received propofol-ketamine (0.4mg/kg/min + 0.2mg/kg/min, n=6, PK group) or propofol-S+ketamine (0.4mg/kg/min + 0.1mg/kg/min, n=6, PKS group) after induction of anesthesia with propofol (8.0mg/kg). Assessments of pain; heart rate (HR); electrocardiography (ECG); respiratory rate (RR); systolic, medium, and diastolic arterial pressures (SAP, MAP, DAP); saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2); and rectal temperature (RT) were conducted. There was a rise in HR with no electrocardiographically changes, but an increase in amplitude of T wave in one animal of each group. RR decreased and SpO2 were lower than 90% in two moments of both groups. SAP, MAP, and DAP were reduced during the experimental period, but with no statistical difference between the protocols. There was no analgesia in seven bitches, mild analgesia was observed in three, and satisfactory analgesia in only two animals tested. It was concluded that the protocols are safe for dogs, but there is no analgesia for surgical procedures. The changes in ECG are related to HR and amplitude of T wave, which may be due to myocardial hypoxia.


An improved method for the synthesis of the title compound 1 has been achieved through an application of the Scholl reaction. The key to the new approach is to use the dimeric compounds of 10-methyleneanthrone as the precursors of 1.


Conventional combustion control systems for multiburner installations which rely on monitoring the average CO/sub 2/ and/or O/sub 2/ content of the gases have a number of inherent limitations on their ability to maintain efficient plant operation. Air infiltration into the flue or sampling lines has the same effect as an instrumental error in causing the control system to adjust the stoichiometry to an incorrect level. Even when the overall stoichiometry of the furnace is correctly and accurately controlled it is still extremely difficult to ensure that no individual burners are operating inefficiently due to local maldistributions of air or fuel, or to poor nozzle spray characteristics. The potential for fuel savings and for improved limitation of pollutant emissions has provided strong incentive for the development of individual burner fuel/air ratio control systems which would eliminate the shortcomings associated with the global control method. The present report first reviews past attempts to identify some unique property of an individual flame which can be reliably interpreted as an indicator of the flame behavior over a wide range of operating conditions. Information potentially usable in this manner could be contained in the acoustic characteristics of the flame, in the local distribution of keymore » chemical species, or in the electromagnetic radiation or absorption behavior of regions of the flame.« less


The fundamental purposes of the reform of VAT law are to improve its system and develop economy.Besides the taxation deduction,there are such issues as the conciliation of VAT and business tax,the continuity of VAT tax concession policy, the classification of taxpayers and its standard etc.The solutions of these questions shall be beneficial to tax equity,optimizing the industrial structure,improving the economic efficiency and the competitive strength of enterprises.


IN recent years important evidence in favor of Darwin's theory of the descent of man has increased. Eutg^en Dubois found in PI//ecazi//iropits crtiaus the much-sought-for missing link between man and living anthropoid apes. Selenka has shown that, of the catarrhine apes, the living anthropoid apes resemble man in having a placenta discoidalis capsularis, while all other catarrhines have a placenta bidiscoiclalis. Ernst Haeckel has accumulated evidence showing that man has descended from a line of extinct catarrhincs whose immediate ancestors belonged to the group of tailless anthropoid apes, and whose more remote ancestors belonged to the Cynopithecili. The evidence afforded by comparative paleontology, comparative embryology, and comparative anatomy agrees in supporting Darwin's hypothesis. To all this evidence is now added evidence dependingupon the similarity in chemical composition of the blood of closely related animals. Comparative chemical analyses of blood are attended with great difficulties because of variations in the blood depending upon the varying conditions of nutrition in the animal. Landois, in his researches on the effects of animal blood transfusions upon human diseases, attributed his failures, so far as the beneficial effects of the blood transfusion upon the disease were concerned, to the dissolving of the red blood corpuscles of the injected blood by the blood of the recipient. Experiments upon lower animals, in the way of injecting blood from some animal of a remote species, led to the same results as the experiments upon man. The animals


India is endowed with very good solar energy resource. The average intensity of solar radiation received on India is 200 MW/km 2 . Even if 10% ofthe available area can be used, the available solar energy would be 8 million MW, which is equivalent to 5909 mtoe (million tons of oil equivalent) per year. Considering the ever increasing energy demands ofthe country, this resource can be gainfully utilized, especially for meeting the electrical needs of rural poor, who are not likely to be served by the grid; and for meeting thermal energy requirements of domestic, industrial, and commercial sectors. In last three decades, a lot of developmental work has been done in India, in the fields of solar thermal and solar photovoltaic technologies. Presently, the country has a basket of technologies/products that are at various stages of commercialization or R&D. However, there is scope of achieving even higher goals, especially in view of the available potential. This paper reviews the status in some key areas of solar energy utilisation. Some of the major barriers to greater penetration of solar energy in to the conventional energy markets are also discussed.


For any integral lattice $Q$, one can construct a vertex algebra $V_Q$ called a lattice vertex algebra. If $\sigma$ is an automorphism of $Q$ of finite order, it can be lifted to an automorphism of $V_Q$. In this paper we classify the irreducible $\sigma$-twisted $V_Q$-modules. We show that the category of $\sigma$-twisted $V_Q$-modules is a semisimple abelian category with finitely many isomorphism classes of simple objects.


Introduction: Electrographic seizures (ES) are an important predictor of neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Following implementation of postoperative co...


The invention provides a wireless environment simulation method, which comprises the following steps of: operating multiple programs for respectively simulating multiple wireless terminals on at least one computer; operating multiple programs for respectively simulating multiple wireless access points on other at least one computer; and connecting the at least one computer and the other at least one computer through a wired network so as to simulate wireless communication between the wireless terminals and the wireless access points through the wired network. According to the wireless environment simulation method, a large-scale simulation test can be carried out in a limited space by bearing a wireless state with a wired state and simulating the wireless state at a link layer, and thus the specificity of idle resources is avoided.


The importance of studying the paleosols is not in doubt, as they carry information about the environmental conditions of the past and, therefore, indicate a possible vector of existing ecosystems. The object of study is quite specific cyanobacterial algal cenoses (CAC) Holocene soils. Purpose is to identify the possibility of using of CAC Holocene soils for paleoreconstructions. The studies were performed at 1.5 km in the south-east of the village Volodarka (Topchikhinsky district of the Altai Territory). As a material of research 30 soil samples were taken, which were selected layers (every 5 cm). Sampling was done according to the rules of algological fees. For the first time in paleosols of this territory was found five species of algae and 1 species of cyanobacteria. All algas are assigned to a type of Chlorophyta. For a modern soil of steppe zone is characterized by the prevalence of Cyanoprokariota. The spectrum of the CAC is presented only single-species of the family (Chlorococcaceae, Neochloridaceae, Radiococcaceae, Chlorellaceae, Chlorosarcinaceae, Oscillatoriaceae) and species (Chlorococcum, Mymecia, Gloeocistis, Chlorella, Neochlorosarcina, Phormidium). It is very important fact that these taxa of algae are not typical for modern steppe soils. Soil and environmental conditions, the heterogeneity of the environment determines the formation of various groups of soil algae. The projection of the conditions is different degree of phytocoenotic load of algae. The basis of qualitative differences is ecological individuality of certain types of soil algae and cyanoprokaryota.


Abstract. The analysis of the effects of storms on floods is essential for designing hydraulic structures and flood plains. Observations of the flow time series for the various catchment sizes are needed to understand the effects on floods, but it is not easy to obtain these datasets because most stream channels are ungauged. Hence, a reasonable method for generating the flow time series for the ungauged catchments is needed to secure the datasets. A quantitative analysis for investigating the relationship between the natural storm patterns, the peak flows, the volumes of floods, and their durations for the various catchment sizes is also needed. This study suggests a method to investigate quantitatively the relationship between storms and floods using datasets generated for the ungauged catchments. The relationship between the runoff coefficients and the rainfall-intensity-ratios with respect to catchment sizes for the dependent catchments showed that the events can be separated into four physically reasonable types using the pattern of storms and flood responses. This indicates that the relationship between the pattern of storms and flood responses for any event in terms of dependent catchments can be analyzed using plots of runoff coefficients and rainfall-intensity-ratios versus the catchment size. There are correlations between the runoff coefficients and the rainfall-intensity-ratios for the independent catchments, but these correlations have no relationship with the four types of events from the dependent catchments.


Procedure for machining a workpiece (14) in three dimensions by milling by a device electroerosion according to which: - is driven in rotation an electrode-tool (31) of cylindrical shape whose diameter (2R) is small with respect to dimensions of the surfaces to be eroded, - is controlled by a digital control unit (CN) dimensional motion (x, y, z) relative between the electrode-tool (31) and said part (14), - are recorded thanks to computer means (MI), forms to be machined in the form of a superposition of virtual layers (33), - a trajectory of the electrode-tool (31) is simulated so that the latter sweeps groove by groove, on each of virtual layers, and a corresponding control signals are transmitted to the digital control unit (CN) for effecting machining layer - is simulated, by regulation means (MR), the longitudinal wear of the electrode-herrami enta along its trajectory and signals corresponding compensation to the digital control unit (CN) so as to compensate this longitudinal wear and to maintain the movement of the end of the electrode-tool parallel to said layers (33) are transmitted foreseeing several values for longitudinal wear the electrode-tool (31) according mutual geometric configuration between the electrode-tool (31) and the surrounding material of said part (14) and transmitting compensation signals corresponding to each of these values to the digital control unit (CN), characterized in that said values take account of the geometric configuration of the flow between the electrodoherramienta (31) and the surrounding material of a machining liquid used for machining.


Literature and Resistance in Guatemala: Textual Modes and Cultural Politics from El Senor Presidents to Rigoberta Menchu. vols. Marc Zimmerman. Athens: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1995. 425+ 371 pp.


An 1 understanding of frontal sinus anatomy is important for clinical and forensic medicine. The frontal sinuses are absent at birth, but are generally fairly well developed between the seventh and eighth years, only reaching their full size after puberty one of the aids for


The transport collision integrals for the 12–6 potential have been calculated with exact quantal phase shifts. Tables of the collision integrals, accurate to 1 or 2 parts in 1000 over most of the temperature range, have been prepared for reduced temperatures kT/e from 0.01 to 100 and for a number of values of the reduced de Broglie wavelength up to a value of 3.5 in steps of 0.5. The effects of statistics are included.


Electrical energy is energy that is needed by humans as, with the rapid development of technology and directly proportional to the large energy needs, coupled with the more advanced a nation, the greater the need for energy, especially for industrial needs. Sooner or later petroleum as a producer of energy sources at this time will run out, and besides that we save energy from the use of non-renewable natural resources, we also have to find alternative sources of new energy to meet energy needs that cannot be dammed up again. The total volume of garbage piled up at the Putri Cempo TPA is around 1,014,486 tons in 2038. If it is assumed that the annual increase in waste is 2.81%, then the assumption of the volume of waste in 2038 is around 3,069,903 tons of waste. Putri Cempo PLTSa is planned to utilize waste into electricity with a capacity of 450 tons / day, so in one year the waste used is 160,200 tons. Data of garbage piled up at the landfill in the period 2007-2017 is around 1,014,486 tons of waste. The existence of this PLTSa garbage that has been buried in the Putri Cempo TPA will be exhausted in 6 years after PLTSa operates. Prediction of waste in 2018-2038 is 3,069,903 tons, if it is utilized as a generator with a capacity of 160,200 tons / year, then the waste will be used up within a period of 19 years, so it takes about 24 years to spend the total amount of waste that settles in the landfill until 2038 years to come. The results of the production of the waste burning process carried out by PLTSa generates an electric power potential of 8.57 MW, so that in one year it produces 30,843,039.76 kWh / 30,843.04 MWh electricity with 164,200 tons of garbage burning. Electricity generated per kWh will be purchased by PT.PLN in the amount of Rp. 1,863, -, resulting in income of = Rp. 57,460,581,657, - / year.


Our qualitative study of the skin cancer information delivered to renal transplant recipients (RTRs) highlighted that we must find the optimum time when things are settled for patients to absorb this information. Knowing and trusting the person delivering the information was welcomed by participants and more likely to influence behavior. As was the health care professional who took time to consider the individuality of recipients. Knowledge gaps have been uncovered and require consideration which include a predominant concern of melanoma rather than squamous cell carcinoma and a reliance on sunscreen alone and not other sun protective measures. Renal colleagues are highly considered by RTRs and well place to deliver interventions


【This paper describes the effects of sewage amount, temperature, and years in operation on the infiltration rate of a sewage disposal system. The self-purifying sewage disposal system, which is typically used in rural areas, consists of reeds and fine gravel. Water plants are planted on the gravel bed which provides the habitat for microbes. The basic process is that the gravel bed filters incoming sewage. Thus this system requires the smooth flow of sewage through the gravel. However, the efficiency of the disposal system will be lowered if the gravel bed is clogged with sewage sludge. A three year study shows that infiltration rate slows down significantly until the 7th day, depending on the sewage amount and the temperature. After the 7th day, the infiltration rate remains almost constant. In addition, the infiltration rate decreases as the temperature falls. It also decreases as the number of years in operation increase. But there is no significant change in the infiltration rate after the 7th day, independent of the temperature, the sewage amount, and years in operation. In order to take advantage of high infiltration rate, which improves the efficiency of the disposal system in its early stages, having two gravel beds and using them alternatively will be efficient. This operation method is called intermittent load and makes the disposal system last longer. The water plant roots above the gravel bed make the effective filtration possible because they delay accumulation of the sewage sludge and stabilize the filtration ability.】


We investigated bilingual advantages in general control abilities using three complex-span tasks of working memory (WM). An operation-span task served as a baseline measure of WM capacity. Additionally, two modified versions of the Stroop-span task were designed to place varying attentional-control demands during memoranda encoding by asking participants either to read the to-be-remembered item aloud (lower cognitive control; i.e., Stroop-span task) or to name the font color of the to-be-remembered item while still encoding the word for later recall (greater cognitive control; i.e., attention-impeded Stroop-span task). Twenty-six Korean–English bilinguals and 25 English-native monolinguals were tested. We found that bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on the attention-impeded Stroop-span task, but on neither the operation-span nor the Stroop-span task. Our findings demonstrate that bilingualism provides advantages in controlled processing, an important component of WM and other executive functions, suggesting that the demand for controlled processing in WM tasks moderates bilingual effects on WM.


Intrusion analysis has traditionally been a very arduous and largely manual task. The reasons vary from insufficient logs to lack of proper tools for analysing the available audit logs. In our work, we hope to build an intrusion analysis system that could provide precise answers, efficiently, to the most commonly asked questions by the system administrators investigating an intrusion. We take the view that, the failings of today's intrusion analysis tools can be largely attributed to insufficient auditing. In our work, we capture all the necessary dependency relationships between the system events so that precise intrusion analysis is possible.


Gastric cancer is predominantly caused by demographic-diet factors as compared to other cancer types. The aim of the study is to predict Early Gastric Cancer (EGC) factors from diet and lifestyle characteristics of Mizo-ethnicity using supervised machine learning algorithms. For this study, 80 cases and 160 controls are selected and a dataset containing 11 features that are core risk factors for the gastric cancer have been chosen for data mining. The learning curves show Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression and Multilayer perceptron are the best fit classification algorithms for our dataset. Data models are constructed and evaluated using: brier score, accuracy, precision_recall curves for cases (patients) and controls (healthy individuals), and false positives. The data interpretation shows Naive Bayes has the highest classification results having an accuracy of 90%, with the lowest Brier score of 0.1, and a false positive rate of 3% as compared to other models. Logistic regression classifier shows equally good performances with setback in brier_score and false positives. This study found that extra salt, tuibur, smoking and alcohol are the non_invasive etiological factors for gastric cancer in Mizoram population as predicted by the Naive Bayes algorithm. This knowledge will be helpful for initiating early screening and to educate the public about the risk of dietary and lifestyle factors in high risk population with unique habits.


Abstract In 1998 the Northern Examination and Assessment Board selected the poem 'Nothing's Changed' by the South African writer Tatamkhulu Afrika as the last of its ten Poems from Other Cultures and Traditions. Published in the Anthology (1998), 'Nothing's Changed' became a favourite at for its vivid depiction of apartheid and its effects. This article revisits Tatamkhulu Afrika's poem, situating it in the context of educational policy, the creation of the Anthology, the poem's initial use by Devon Curriculum Services in the 1990s, and its emergence as an object of national study in Britain. It examines how the poem was read under the conditions of its anthologisation and the pressures of examination, highlighting how specific reading practices typically stumbled on the problems of history, cultural representativeness, and literature's capacity to offer a transparent window onto experience.


Shirley Jackson, 'The Man in the Woods' CThe New Yorker, 28 April 2014)Recently excavated from 'among twenty-six unsorted cartons of her work sent to the Library of Congress' by her husband, Stanley Edgar Hyman, Shirley Jackson's latest posthumous short story, 'The Man in the Woods', is a fitting continuation of her legacy.1 Indeed, its publication in The New Yorker in April is a useful reminder of the role played by magazines and periodicals in the development of the uncanny, gothic, or horrific short story more generally. For much of the twentieth century, writers like Ray Bradbury, Margaret Atwood, Stephen King, and Joyce Carol Oates contributed stories to literary publications like Collier's and Harper's, and to 'women's' magazines such as Mademoiselle, as much as to Weird Tales and Astounding Science Fiction. Indeed, as attested to by the Guardian Weekend 'Winter Fiction Special' (21 December 2013), which featured eerie tales by Lionel Shriver and Jeanette Winterson (among others), as well as by The New Yorker's own back catalogue, the tradition is by no means obsolete. Jackson, a once-famous American writer of dark fiction, whose work was critically and commercially neglected during the latter half of the twentieth century (following her untimely death in 1965), was a major figure in this magazine culture, publishing the bulk of her short fiction (both gothic and realist) in everything from The New Yorker and Playboy to Cosmopolitan and Women 's Home Companion.The New Yorker's decision to publish 'The Man in the Woods' (less than a year after they featured the less overtly supernatural 'Paranoia' [5 July 2013], also previously unpublished) therefore effectively recreates the environment in which mid-century readers would originally have encountered Jackson's short fiction. Her surviving family members have worked diligently to gather many of her unpublished and uncollected stories into anthologies: The Magic of Shirley Jackson (1966) and Come Along With Me (1968), both edited by her husband Stanley Edgar Hyman, and Just an Ordinary Day (1996), edited by two of her children, Sarah and Laurence. Doing so opens up the unsettling world of her fiction to a new generation of book-buying readers who might never have come across her work otherwise. At the same time, The New Yorker's miniature Jackson revival acknowledges and extends the platform which, as her biographer Judy Oppenheimer details at some length, paid enough for her writing to allow her to be the primary breadwinner of the Jackson-Hyman household.2 I dwell on this publishing tradition at length because, in many ways, 'the medium is the message', as Jackson's contemporary Marshall McLuhan put it in Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (1964); I would argue that the shock value of Jackson's fiction is heightened by the fragmented, multifarious nature of a magazine's content. A collection undeniably immerses the reader in the apparently inescapable world of panic and uncertainty conjured up by her writing. However, to come unexpectedly across something like 'The Lottery' (Jackson's infamous tale of small-town ritual sacrifice) in the midst of reviews, non-fiction pieces, and rather more realist tales, is to be plunged into this unpredictable, hostile and alienating world almost without warning, just as her characters so often are.3Nor is Christopher, the male protagonist of 'The Man in the Woods', an exception in this regard. We first meet him walking along a path that soon tangles itself in dense woodlands, where a stray cat begins to follow him. Until he comes across a small cottage at the end of the road he's been following, this is the extent of the information we are given about him, except that he has travelled far, but is unsure about where he has come from, where he is, or where he hopes to go. Two strong, taciturn, rustically clad women unhesitatingly invite Christopher into the house, a stone construction the interior walls of which are covered in strange markings. …


A new strain of pathogen , named strain R001,was isolated from soft rotted leaves of Phalaenopsis .The strain was characterized by morphologyical observation, biochemical and physiological identification and it was primarily ascertained as Pseudomonas sp..Re-inoculation. Result showed that the strain R001 had stronger phthogenicity.


A growing body of evidence identifies interconnected social indicators that can lead to homelessness. Several studies identify a catalogue of social disadvantages that starts from childhood and persist throughout the life course that leads to homelessness. Qualitative evidence indicates that their adverse childhood experiences(ACEs) and damage that occurred to them as children had major influences on their ability to negotiate their way through the education system, gain and sustain employment, make appropriate choices of social networks, and form and maintain healthy relationships as adults. However, very little research seeks to objectively investigate these issues. This study aims to use the cross-sectional study to document the cluster and frequency of adverse social conditions amongst the homeless people in North West England in 2019.

 The study design was cross-sectional. We used IBM SPSS 21, with a significance level set at p < 0.05, CI 95% to analyse the data.

 The mean age was 39.12, range 21-64, 90.5% male. 52%(χ2= 33.4, df = 1, p = 0.001) described their health as poor, 90% (χ2= 61.85, df = 2, p = 0.001) smoked cigarette daily, 83.3% (χ2= 76.4, df = 3, p = 0.001) used drugs daily, 78.6% (χ2= 13.7, df = 1, p = 0.001) saw a doctor in preceding 6 months,
 63.4% (χ2= 73.8, df = 3, p = 0.001) left school before age 16; 26.2% (χ2= 37.7, df = 3, p = 0.001) left school at 16, 11.9% (χ2= 33.1, df = 10, p = 0.001) encounterd criminal justice system at the age of 11, 28.6% (χ2= 60.8, df = 8, p = 0.001) had reprimand/caution or conviction at 17.
 ACES: 57% (χ2= 34.7, df = 3, p = 0.001) experienced humiliation by adults in their household; 54% (χ2= 30.7, df = 3, p = 0.001) threatening behaviour, 50% (χ2= 26.0, df = 3, p = 0.001) physical violence in their household.

 These early stage preliminary results indicate that adverse social circumstances that occur in childhood are disproportionately represented in homeless population.

 Homelessness is more complex than the absence of accomodation. Adverse social circumstances that occur in childhood are disproportionately represented in homeless population.


Aging is accompanied by a significant decline in proteasomal proteolysis that underlies lowered induction of T cell functional response. As USP14, found in association with the proteasome is both necessary and important in mediating ubiquitin trimming from proteasomal substrates, we evaluated functional USP14 levels by employing active site probes for proteasome associated deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBS). Our studies for the first time demonstrate that in T lymphocytes obtained from elderly donors, USP14 activity is significantly higher than those from young donors, and additionally, increased functional activity of USP14 accompanies conditions under which 26S proteasome catalytic activities are inhibited. UCH37, another DUBS associated with 26S proteasome appears to demonstrate only a modest increase in activity. Alteration in USP14 activity appears to be reciprocally regulated by the catalytic function of the 26S proteasome. Increase in USP14 activity is accompanied by an overall increase in USP14 protein but not mRNA expression in cells from the elderly. Thus, DUB activity associated with the proteasome demonstrates compensatory increase in activity during aging, and may regulate local levels of monomeric ubiquitin.


To plan and design safe and reliable space missions, it is necessary to take into account the effects of the space radiation environment. This is done by setting the goal of achieving safety and reliability with some desired level of confidence. To achieve this goal, a worst-case space radiation environment at the required confidence level must be obtained. Planning and designing then proceeds, taking into account the effects of this worst-case environment. The result will be a mission that is reliable against the effects of the space radiation environment at the desired confidence level. In this paper we will describe progress toward developing a model that provides worst-case space radiation environments at user-specified confidence levels. We will present a model for worst-case event-integrated solar proton environments that provide the worst-case differential proton spectrum. This model is based on data from IMP-8 and GOES spacecraft that provide a data base extending from 1974 to the present. We will discuss extending this work to create worst-case models for peak flux and mission-integrated fluence for protons. We will also describe plans for similar models for helium and heavier ions.


The successful implementation of the African Union's Agenda 2063 strategic development blueprint is critical for the attainment of economic development, social prosperity, political stability, protection, and regional integration in Africa. Agenda 2063 is a strategic and endogenous development plan that seeks to strategically and competitively reposition the African continent to ensure poverty eradication and equitable people-centric socio-economic and technological transformation. Its impact areas include wealth creation, shared prosperity, sustainable environment, and transformative capacities. Monitoring and evaluation systems play a critical role in collecting, recording, storing, integrating, and evaluating and tracking performance information in the implementation of longer-term strategic plans. The usage of the geographic information system (GIS) as a monitoring and evaluation tool has gained traction in the last few decades due to its ability to support the collection, integration, storage, analysis, output, and distribution of location-based data. The advent of web-based GIS provides a powerful online platform to collect, integrate, discover, use and share geospatial data, information, and services related to sustainable development. In this paper, we aim to describe the implementation, architectural structural design, and the functionality of the pilot Agenda 2063 geoportal. The live prototype internet-based geoportal is intended to facilitate data collection, management, integration, analysis, and visualization of Agenda 2063 development indicators. This geoportal is meant to support the planning, implementation, and monitoring of the Agenda 2063 goals at the continental, regional, and national levels. As our results show, we successfully demonstrated that a web-geoportal is a powerful interactive platform to upload, access, explore, visualize, analyse, and disseminate geospatial data related to the sustainable development of the African continent. Although in the pilot phase, the geoportal demonstrates the primary functionality of geoportals in terms of its capability to discover, analyse, share, and download geospatial datasets.


The content of programming contests for students in grades 1–4 of the Gomel region
(Belarus) is described in this article. A general idea of the thematic content of the tasks and examples of the tasks of the city Olympiad, which took place on April 8, 2016, is provided. The methodology of teaching and preparing junior schoolchildren for such Olympiads is also briefly described. A serious technical basis is the instrumental system of distance learning developed under the control of the author (DL.GSU.BY).


The main goal of this project is to present an Optical Label-free Point-ofCare Device based on a novel read-out methodology that enhances significantly the biosensing response in terms of sensitivity and LoD, using a simple, fast and reliable interrogation process. The performance of this PoC device is verified by carrying out the calibration curve for the indirect immunoassay of Influenza Virus and comparing it with high-resolution spectrometry using the same Fabry-Perot interferometers as biosensors.