Objective: To quantify the changes in biomechanical stability conferred by the addition of a single medial blocking screw or a single bicortical interlocking screw to 2 existing distal points of screw fixation in a distal tibial fracture model repaired with intramedullary nailing. Methods: After simulation of a distal tibial metaphyseal fracture, 21 synthetic tibiae were repaired with an intramedullary nail and: (1) two bicortical locking screws placed in the 2 most distal screw holes (IM-L2); (2) three distal bicortical locking screws (IM-L3); and 2 distal locking screws and a single blocking screw positioned in the sagittal plane on the medial aspect of the nail (IM-L2B). The specimens were tested under combined cyclic axial and torsional loading for up to 16k cycles. The former was stepwise increasing, whereas the latter was with constant amplitude in internal rotation. Results: All constructs survived 12k cycles without hardware deformation or failure. IM-L3 constructs displayed the highest baseline axial stiffness at the beginning of the test (1130.9 ± 246.9 N/mm), which was significant compared with the IM-L2 construct (701.8 ± 189.57 N/mm, P = 0.004). No significant difference in baseline axial stiffness was identified between the IM-L3 and IM-L2B constructs (881.1 ± 182.4 N/mm, P = 0.125). Relative varus interfragmentary deformation at baseline was smaller in the IM-L3 treatment group (1.3 ± 0.3 degrees) relative to the IM-L2 group (2.4 ± 0.7 degrees, P = 0.012). No differences in torsional rigidity or relative interfragmentary torsional deformation were identified between groups (P > 0.168). Failure was breakage or backout of the distal bicortical screws, fracture of the distal fragment, or proximal screw breakage. There was no significant difference in number of cycles to failure between instrumentation groups (IM-L2: 14,345 ± 1438 cycles; IM-L3: 15,634 ± 626 cycles; and IM-L2B: 14,862 ± 1511 cycles, P = 0.184). Conclusion: Results suggest that each of the constructs tested here may be a biomechanically viable option allowing for immediate weight-bearing after fixation of fractures of the distal third of the tibia. The addition of a single bicortical interlocking screw to create 3 points of distal fixation improves construct stiffness while reducing interfragmentary motion relative to 2 interlocking points of screw fixation with or without a blocking screw.


Online learning resources offer students an ubiquity of earning opportunities, while also catering to varying student learning styles and needs. This presentation collates several years of analytics of the engagement of MBBS students at the University of Tasmania with in-house produced online histology and gross anatomy resources. Medical students were surveyed about their mobile device usage. Usage of online histology resources for year 1, and gross anatomy resources for years 1-3, MBBS students was collected from the learning management system and analysed for correlation between engagement and student performance. Student were also surveyed on their satisfaction with these resources. Mobile devices are ubiquitous with 100% of students owning at least one device. Fewer than half of the students accessed online resources prior to, or shortly after, the corresponding lab session. The numbers of students accessing online quizzes peaked just prior to major assessment tasks, while about 20% of students never accessed a particular resource. Weak positive correlations were found between the number of dissection resources viewed and scores on cadaver exam questions (r=0.155 and r=0.226 in years 2 and 3, respectively) and with histology results and access to virtual microscopy resources (r=0.183 in year 1). The vast majority of students replying to surveys rated the in-house online resources highly. There is a wide range of usage of online resources, and many students may not be meaningfully engaging with the content. Factors relating to student engagement with online resources will be discussed.


Summary A field experiment utilizing three dependent measures was conducted to test the generality of the urban incivility hypothesis: interaction between strangers is less civil, helpful, and cooperative in an urban environment than in a nonurban environment. One hundred sixteen field situations were enacted in Boston and in several small towns in eastern Massachusetts and involved requests for assistance by a wrong-number phone caller, overpayments to store clerks, and "lost" postcards. For each measure, the likelihood of help was greater in the nonurban than in the urban locales.


Participation of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) in oncology clinical trials is important to ensure adequate opportunities for AYA patients to contribute to, and benefit from, advances in cancer treatment.


........................................................................................................................ ii DEDICATION ..................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................................................ v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................... xi LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. xvi CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................... 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER TWO .................................................................................................................. 4 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................ 4 2.1 Origin, domestication and distribution of tomato .......................................................... 4 2.2 Botany of tomato ......................................................................................................... 4 2.2.1 Vegetative description ........................................................................................... 4 2.2.2 Reproductive description ....................................................................................... 5 2.3 Nutritional and health benefits of tomato ..................................................................... 5 2.4 Agronomic and morphological evaluation of tomato .................................................... 7 2.5 Quality characteristics of tomato .................................................................................. 8 2.6 Antioxidants activity on free radicals ........................................................................... 9 2.7 Some antioxidant compounds in tomato ..................................................................... 10 2.7.1 Ascorbic acid ...................................................................................................... 10 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined exercise on blood inflammatory factors, DHEA-s and arterial stiffness in elderly women. The subjects were 42 elderly females volunteers, aged 70 to 85 years, composed of the combined exercise group (n=21) and control group (n=21). The 60 minute combined exercise program(aquarobics 1 time/week, strength exercise 2 times/week) was performed 3 times per week for 12 weeks, and the intensity was progressively increased every 4 weeks(1-4 weeks: RPE 12 to 13, 5-8 weeks: RPE 13 to 14, 9-12weeks: RPE 14 to 15). The test data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA, paired t-test, independent t-test and the alpha level of .05 was set for all tests of significance. As a result, the combined exercise for 12 weeks reduced the inflammatory response of elderly women, and DHEA-s was found to have a positive effect on aging hormone. The arterial stiffness decreased the central arterial blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), prevented the increase of the pulse pressure and the wave increase index, and decreased the pulse wave velocity. These results suggest that regular and continuous combined exercise may be recommended for the healthy aging and longevity of elderly women by inducing anti-inflammation effect and improving the aging hormonal function and the vascular health.


WiFi networks have becoming popular in the past decade to provide network access due to its inexpensive but high-bandwidth infrastructure. With the increasingly dense WiFi deployment and the rapid proliferation of network devices and applications, the demand for more bandwidth, constrained delay performance and less power consumption is soaring; however, the traditional WiFi networks have become incapable to address various challenges such as unbalanced traffic load, handover and physical channel variation. In a WiFi network with multiple access points (AP), the traditional client association with APs is usually accomplished based on the distributed decisions such as the received signal strength, the earliest association reply etc. Lacking of coordination between APs, a WiFi network may suffer from unbalance traffic load. The emerging software defined WiFi networking (SDWN) introduces a centralized controller, which separates the control plane and the data plane, may also serve as a natural coordinator between APs. In this paper, we conducted a measurement study to understand the performance bottlenecks of a SDWN testbed. Our results demonstrate that SDWN has shown great potentials of flexible network management and control at the cost of performance degradation. We constructed this SDWN testbed based on the Odin project. The performance metrics examined in this study focus on the throughput and handover delay when mobile devices roam between APs. The virtual access points created in the SDWN effectively hide the handover delay for the mobile devices between APs; however, the throughput performance degrades by around 50% compared with the traditional WiFi networks. Our results show that there exists large design and optimization space for the current SDWN infrastructure.


Beam, Dorri. 2010. Style, Gender, and Fantasy in Nineteenth-Century American Women's Writing. New York: Cambridge University Press. $89.00 hc. $71.00 e-book. 270 pp.Representing disciplines from history to cultural studies, this essay compilary Dorri Beam's Style, Gender, and Fantasy is a bracing study of ecriture feminine in nineteenth-century American writing. What makes Beam's book valuable is her rigorous and passionate exploration of a specifically feminine poetics in the period. Disabusing the reader of any staid notions of what constitutes literary value, Beam makes a persuasive case for a legitimate female literary style that emphasizes what she calls "highly wrought" language and imagery. Often dismissed as flowery and frilly, this style, through Beam's insightful and tough-minded presentation, comes into its own as a highly self-conscious mode of literary art-making and self-expression. Beam's work significantly adds to our understanding of what was at stake for the nineteenth-century woman writer on multiple levels-and not least, her claim to aesthetic legitimacy to begin with. The standards of taste and decorum relegated even popular women writers (and women were by far the more popular writers of the era) to the sidelines. Beam restores the importance of female writing in the century to contemporary literary studies, but crucially he does this by taking women's writing seriously as an aesthetic project. In so doing, she also illuminates what was generally at stake for this century's literature in aesthetic terms.Regarding the latter, Beam's work expands the emergent scholarly interest in literary style in the period. Indeed, many prominent male writers of the period have often been accused of being prolix or florid-Edgar Allan Poe comes to mind. While the entire question of nineteenth-century literary style will now be reexamined in light of Beam's project, her focus will have its most salutary effect in our sustained reappraisal of significant figures such as Margaret Fuller and Harriet Prescott Spofford, among others, artists whose challenging work has often been simultaneously dismissed and misunderstood, especially in aesthetic terms. Writers such as Spofford have been ignored or undervalued until very recently because they offer no "proposal[s] for practical change, . . . no alternative to the cult of feminine beauty" they foreground (134). Yet Beam demonstrates persuasively that Spofford "mines the possibilities of gorgeous or ornamental style for a woman writer, perversely developing its potential as a feminist aesthetic" (134). Personally, I find Beam's appreciation for Spofford's perversity as bracing as her elucidation of what Spofford-a languorously, sensually weird writer-does with the word.For Beam, nineteenth-century women's writing is characterized by a "stylistic floridity" that invites a "trance-like entrance" into a literary world in which "fruits flush, waters brim and cascade, color pulses, and light saturates"; the "personified elements of nature-sun, rocks, and flowers-take on lives of their own and speak to alternative sensual ways of being in the world that marriage will imperil" (2). Surprisingly, Beam makes no mention of the great French feminist Helene Cixous's dynamic and controversial theory of l'ecriture feminine, literally "women's writing." Regardless of how Beam might view Cixous's work, it would have been interesting and also helpful to see her engage with the theorist's ideas. In any event, Cixous's ideas take on a new force for me if I link them to the historical context Beam provides."Language that was transparent, that did not grant immediate access to the text or to the author," Beam writes, "was inappropriate for a woman writer"; language that evinced "labor" disrupted limited notions of female propriety. Writing with a flourish, an accentuated personality, further disrupted these standards by flaunting style, a "dubious accessory" (4). …


A complete collection of the Anatidae would consist of at least one pair of each of the 247 different kinds known to science. No such collection of living birds has ever been assembled, or probably ever will be. Nevertheless, most ambitious collectors hope to make their collections as complete as possible. At present the collection at Slimbridge consists of some 1300 birds of 147 different forms. It is the most representative collection in the world, and probably the most representative that there has ever been.


The effect of stiffness degradation in reinforced concrete structural members on the inelastic response of multistorey buildings to earthquakes is investigated. In particular, the following question is examined. How do the ductility requirements for multistorey systems with degrading stiffness behaviour compare with those for structures with ordinary bilinear hysteretic property? Inelastic dynamic responses of two idealized multistorey buildings, one having a long and the other a relatively short fundamental period, to an ensemble of twenty simulated earthquakes representative of moderately intense ground motions in California at moderate epicentral distances on firm ground, are analysed for ordinary bilinear hysteretic behaviour and for bilinear hysteretic behaviour with stiffness degradation property. The conclusions deduced from the results of this investigation include the following

(1) It is, in general, not possible to predict the maximum response of a degrading stiffness system from results for the corresponding ordinary bilinear system

(2) The differences in ductility requirements due to stiffness degradation are generally smaller than those associated with probabilistic variability from one ground motion to another

(3) Stiffness degradation has little influence on the ductility requirements for flexible buildings, but it leads to increased ductility requirements for stiff buildings.


Advances in nonlinear dynamics have brought arevolution in our view of dynamical behaviour, withmajor implications for anyone engaged in engineeringsystem design.


The paper describes the production and manufacture of the following geosynthetic materials in Romania: geotextiles, geomembranes, prefacbricated parts for draining and geogrids. Four types of geotextiles are identified: netesin and terasin (from recovered synthetic threads); madril (original use of synthetic threads), and tifon (for embankment protection). Geomembranes produced have widths between 1-2 meters (3-6 ft), and thicknesses 0.1-2 mm (.004-.08 in); and the two types of prefabricated draining parts are 0.3-2 cm (.12-.8 in) thick and 2 cm to 1 m (.8 in to .3 ft) wide. These geosynthetic materials are widely used in Romanian road projects.


To deal with the semantic lack of relational database,based on the database reverse engineering technology and description logic,this paper proposes a semantic capture method that transforms relational database into SHOIN+(D)knowledge base.Database reverse engineering technology is used to extract ER model from relational database.SHOIN+(D),which is the logic foundation of OWL DL,describes ER model on knowledge base.This paper gives corresponding transform algorithm and proves its semantic preservation.A transform model is also designed,finally an example is taken to validate the feasibility and practicability of the proposed method.


A novel high-performance gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) based on an electrospun polymer membrane of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(propylene carbonate) (PVdF/PPC) was prepared and investigated for high-performance lithium-ion battery applications. This study presents a methodology for introducing PPC into PVdF-based GPEs designed for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. SEM images and porosity measurements showed that the electrospun membrane had a uniform and highly interconnected porous structure with an average fiber diameter of 300–850 nm. Such a morphology resulted in excellent electrolyte uptake amount (500 wt %) and retention in PVdF/PPC membrane. The DSC result indicated that the PVdF crystallinity was deteriorated by the incorporation of PPC. The PVdF/PPC electrospun membrane showed significantly higher ionic conductivity (4.05 mS·cm–1) than that of the PVdF electrospun membrane (2.11 mS·cm–1) at 30 °C. The PVdF/PPC GPE was stable at a potential higher than 5.2 V (versus Li+/Li). The capacity o...


Figures and tables Acknowledgements Abbreviations Preface 1. Introduction Part I. The Economic and Political Roles of Local Government Officials: 2. Local government officials as economic agents 3. Local bureaucrats as investors: the investment roles of local governments 4. The local officials in the bureaucratic hierarchy Part II. Macroeconomic Policy Developments During the Reform Era: 5. Excess investment demand and austerity policies Part III. Analyzing Local Investment Behavior: 7. Strategic investment behavior during austerity 8. Bureaucratic investment behavior 9. Conclusion: Political institutions, inflation control, and economic reforms References Indexes.


Thispaper describes anewandsimple motion planning method tofind apathbetween start andgoalconfig- urations foranarticulated robot using theforaging antstrategy, F-Ant. Observation byanantlooking fromits current position tothetarget location will help toreduce thesteps taken togettothegoal. While mostofthepreviously developed algorithms suchastheSBL-PRMplanner depends onthesize ofthepreviously generated sampled setofconfigurations, theforaging antmotion planner samples newconfigurations intheneighbourhood ofthelast point. Thiswill only generate thenecessary configurations forbuilding thepath. Thenewplanner hasbeentested anditmanaged toreduce thenumber ofconfigurations generated tobuild asuccessful path.


COPYRIGHT © 2022 du Toit, Hetem and Dearing. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Mammalian responses to climate change: From organisms to communities


This report presents findings of analyses of recorded current and voltage data associated with 72 electrical joints operating at high current and high mechanical stress. The analysis goal was to characterize the mechanical behavior of each joint and thus evaluate its mechanical supports. The joints are part of the toroidal field (TF) magnet system of the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) pulsed plasma device operating at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL). Since there is not sufficient space near the joints for much traditional mechanical instrumentation, small voltage probes were installed on each joint and their voltage monitoring waveforms have been recorded on sampling digitizers during each NSTX "shot". Strong mechanical forces arise during pulsed operations, far stronger than the joint conductors could long survive without the restraining assistance of a mechanical support system. A joint's apparent electrical resistance changes dynamically if sufficiently strong net lateral force on the conductors causes a reduction in the joint's area of high pressure contact. Since the electromagnetic forces are well known, this circumstance would arise if the mechanical supports were not working properly. Analyzing the nonlinear relations between pulsed magnetic forces and joint electrical resistances can thus identify and even diagnose mechanically overstressed joints. The present design of the joints and their supports was operated in two successive run periods, February-July 2004 and April-September 2005. Because of indications from analyzing the first run period's voltage probe data that the mechanical support system's fabrication was flawed, the joints and their mechanical supports were rebuilt before the second run period without changing the design. Analyses of voltage probe data from the second run period indicate improved mechanical support function


Abstract : The error due to image quantization in stereoscopicallyevaluated range is analyzed, using a simple camera model andassuming that the image planes of the two cameras are coplanar.The best position and the uncertainty space for a point inspace are calculated on the basis of the quantized image coordinatesof that point in the two cameras.


The generation of oil and gas from shales during thermal maturation is accompanied by structural and
chemical evolution of the original kerogen of the shales. During hydrocarbon generation the organic
material becomes increasingly recalcitrant due to the degradation of functional groups and labile
bonds in the kerogen matrix. Thus, the hydrocarbon generation potential of shales is not only related
to the amount of aliphatic moieties in the kerogen structure but also to the distribution of functional
units and the linkage properties inside the kerogen network.


We report close-coupling (CC) quantum dynamics calculations for collisional excitation/de-excitation of the lowest four rotational levels of OD− and of OH− interacting with Rb atoms in a cold ion trap. The calculations are carried out over a range of energies capable of yielding the corresponding rates for state-changing events over a rather broad interval of temperatures which cover those reached in earlier cold trap experiments. They involved sympathetic cooling of the molecular anion through a cloud of laser-cooled Rb atoms, an experiment which is currently being run again through a Heidelberg–Innsbruck collaboration. The significance of isotopic effects is analysed by comparing both systems and the range of temperatures examined in the calculations is extended up to 400 K, starting from a few mK. Both cross sections and rates are found to be markedly larger than in the case of OD−/OH− interacting the He atoms under the same conditions, and the isotopic effects are also seen to be rather significant at the energies examined in the present study. Such findings are discussed in the light of the observed trap losses of molecular anions.


The near-surface geotechnical investigations using a surface-wave method become more popular in the last few years. S-wave velocity of ground is directly related to the rigidity of the ground and it can be used to estimate a bearing capacity or liquefaction potential etc. It seems that the surface-wave method can be applied to a lot of geo-technical investigations because the method can delineate two-dimensional Swave velocity structure non-destructively and quickly. Authors are developing a water bottom surface-wave method and carried out field tests in the pond and the river where water depth is about 2m. The result of field tests revealed that an air gun and a hydrophone were suitable as a source and receivers for the surface-wave method respectively. Swave velocity model down to the depth of about 10m under water bottom was obtained by the phase-velocity analysis almost same as survey on land. This paper presents the feasibility study on water bottom surface wave method and the result of field tests performed at the Koyama-ike Lake and the Sendai-gawa River in the Tottori prefecture, Japan.


Oriented to the actual requirements in NGI(next generation Internet),a handover decision scheme with ABC(always best connected) supported was proposed.With knowledge of fuzzy mathematics and microeconomics introduced,application types,QoS(quality of service) requirements,access networks and terminals were described.With access network conditions,application requirements,user preferences to access network coding schemes,user preferences to access network providers,terminal velocities and terminal battery capacities considered comprehensively,an optimal handover solution of assigning N terminals to M access networks was found based on hybrid artificial fish swarm algo-rithm with mutation and simulated annealing introduced.By gaming analysis,Pareto optimum under Nash equilibrium among all party utilities was achieved or approached for the found solution.Simulation results showed that the proposed scheme was effective with better performance.


In this paper based on new petrochemical and geochemical data with specificity in the compositions of rock-forming and ore minerals were determine the conditions of formation of Ti-Fe-V mineralization in the two-pyroxene gabbro of Medvedevskoje deposit. Two stages of formation of abundant mineralization in two-pyroxene gabbro as well fs in the rhythmically stratified amphibole-saussuritizated gabbro of mentioned deposit were distinguished: early cumulatively-magmatic stage and late-magmatic (subsolidus) stage. Staging of ore-genesis during the late-magmatic phase is related to the non-equilibrium of residual fluidized melt enriched with water and chlorine with regard to the previously allocated primary rock-forming and ore minerals (pyroxene, plagioclase, titanomagnetite and ilmenite) which formed a primary magmatic frame and layering of ore-bearing rocks.


This paper analyze and test the relation between return and financial statement on a sample of 37 Tunisian firms on a six years period (1997-2002) and after the adoption of the new national standards. The objective of the study is to detect the accounting and financial variables correlated with return in a regression model of panel data. The results indicate that we have a reel relation between accounting variables and return for 20 %. Thus when we introduce in the model some dummy variables we can obtain a percentage of 37 in this relation.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of thromblytic therapy with urokinase (UK) orrecombinant tissue-type plaminogen activator (rt-PA) and anticoagulation therapy with heparin, and analyze theclinical characteristics of pulmonary embolism in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Methods Thediagnosis of pulmonary embolism was based on the results of perfusion lung scanning, selective pulmonaryarteriography or ultrasound cardiogram. Twenty-three patients were treated by thrombolytic therapy, and six byanticoagulant therapy. Results Misdiagnostic rate before hospital admission was 75.9%. Twenty-three patientswith pulmonary embolism were treated by UK or rt-PA. The effective rate was 65.5%. The area of embolism wasnot related to the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy, but the time starting the therapy was closely related toefficacy (P=0.03). Six patients weretreated by heparin, of who hepatin was effective in three. conclusion Itis important to enhance vigilance to acute pulmonary embolism, in order to decrease misdiagnostic rate. It iseffective and safe to administer UK or rt-PA intravenously in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Thromboiytictherapy is the first choice and the earlier the better.


T he primary physiological function of platelets is to stop bleeding from sites of vascular injury by adhering to exposed extracellular matrix proteins and by formation of aggregates that plug damaged blood vessels. During this process, platelets release proaggregatory mediators from their characteristic storage granules, including platelet-derived adenosine diphosphate (ADP), 1 as well as the arachidonic acid (AA) derivatives thromboxane A2 (TBXA2) and prostaglandins. 2 Particularly, TBXA2 and ADP act together in a positive feedback loop to amplify and sustain the recruitment of circulating platelets into a growing hemostatic plug. 3 Although platelet activation and recruitment are essential for hemostasis, they may also promote vascular disease complications, including myocardial infarction and stroke, which remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in most industrialized countries. 4 Therefore, detailed knowledge of the versatile activation mechanisms of platelets offers new perspectives in the prophylaxis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Apart from TBXA2, another lipid mediator released by platelets is sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Sphingosine kinase Rationale: Platelets are known to play a crucial role in hemostasis. Sphingosine kinases (Sphk) 1 and 2 catalyze the conversion of sphingosine to the bioactive metabolite sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Although platelets are able to secrete S1P on activation, little is known about a potential intrinsic effect of S1P on platelet function. Conclusions: We demonstrate that Sphk2 is the major Sphk isoform responsible for the generation of S1P in platelets and plays a pivotal intrinsic role in the control of platelet activation. Correspondingly, Sphk2-deficient mice are protected from arterial thrombosis after vascular injury, but have normal bleeding times. Targeting this pathway could therefore present a new therapeutic strategy to prevent thrombosis. 1 (Sphk 1) and 2 catalyze the formation of S1P from Sph and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The bioactive lipid metabolite S1P is involved in the control of diverse cellular processes in different cell types, including cell proliferation, cell survival and migration, cytoskeletal rearrangements, cell adhesion and inflammation, as well as angiogenesis. 5–10 S1P not only exerts this wide range of effects predominantly by binding to 1 of the 5 known G-protein–coupled membrane receptors (S1PR 1 – S1PR 5) 11 but also acts as a second messenger inside cells. 12 The concentrations of S1P are high in blood and lymph fluid, but low in tissues. Maintenance of a steep blood-to-tissue S1P gradient is of critical importance for trafficking and immune surveillance by adaptive immune cells, particularly T cells. 13 …


We report the generation of ultra-low phase noise microwave signals using electro-optical frequency division. Two, independent 30 GHz eOFD oscillators are constructed and the measured phase noise for each oscillator is −151 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset and −109 dBc/Hz at 100 Hz offset. Phase locking to an external reference for long term synchronization is also demonstrated.


Several processes that promote plant growth were investigated in diazotrophic bacteria isolated from soils of various land-use systems in the western Amazon region using siratro and bean as the trap species. The processes observed in the 17 studied strains were as follows: Inhibition of phytopathogenic fungal growth; free-living nitrogen fixation in semi-solid nitrogen-free LO medium; solubilisation of insoluble calcium and aluminium inorganic phosphates in solid media and auxin production based on a colorimetric assay with or without the addition of L-tryptophan. The ability to use phenol as the sole carbon source in solid media and antibiotic resistance, based on the disk diffusion method, was also evaluated. Nearly all of the selected strains, including Rhizobium strains, were able to fix nitrogen as free-living bacteria. Some Burkholderia fungorum strains had a strong ability to solubilise calcium phosphate, whereas strains UFLA 04-229 and UFLA 04-217 displayed high levels of indole-3-acetic acid synthesis in the absence (12.59 µg mL -1


This article discuss the history of translating Bibles from Greek into Arabic. Translation itself is an attempt to spread the Word of God to the whole world and facilitate the translation of these sacred texts. One of the prominent things in this translation is the form of God's expression. God's expression uses the 'Allah' lexicon in which the lexicon is often understood as a limited lexicon for the mention of God in Islam. This discussion will use Eugene Nida's translation theory regarding general translation rules. The Biblical translation theory uses a theory initiated by Glen G Scorgie, Mark L Strauss, and Steven M Voth regarding the challenge of communicating God's language into human language. The results of the study indicate that this translation movement has been carried out since the Umayyad period and was renewed in modern times by the Missionaries. The use of the God lexicon is an attempt to bring the term in the Bible closer to Arabic culture.


This thesis elaborates on children who undergo violence in their family environment. In the introduction it brings closer personality of a child in the society, possible kinds of violence and conflicts within a family. Further it deals with position of a family and negative phe-nomenon, by which it is influenced. Closer attention is paid to violence in relation to a child. Ending of the thesis is dedicated to a care for endangered children and possible pre-vention of violence or conflict impact on personality of a child. Practical part of this work is represented by questionnaire survey dealing with opinions and experience of pedagogical, social and other specialised professionals representing an im-portant pillar in support of endangered children.


Horizontal drilling has become a key technology used to reduce costs and enhance recoveries from producing reservoirs. Through 2001, commercial databases contained records on 34,777 horizontal wells from 72 countries. Canada (18,005 wells) and the United States (11,344 wells) were the leading countries for horizontal drilling. More than 5400 horizontal wells were recorded outside of North America. Russia, Venezuela, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and Indonesia were the leading countries in terms of numbers of wells. Although the concept of horizontal drilling emerged in the 1920s, economic viability was not demonstrated until the 1980s, when pilot projects at Rospo Mare field in Italy (1982) and Prudhoe Bay field (1984) and in the Austin Chalk of Texas (1985‐1987) achieved three- to fourfold productivity increases with less than twofold cost increases. From a base of 51 wells in 1987, horizontal drilling increased rapidly; it expanded to the world's active producing provinces and peaked during 1997 with 4990 wells. Horizontal drilling, which increases wellbore exposure to the reservoir, has delivered multiple benefits. Operators have used horizontal wells to revive economic production, to increase and speed recoveries, to reduce costs, and to increase rate of return. These benefits are critical for operators that must cope with increasing competition and volatile oil prices. The objective of this paper is to characterize the global geographic and geologic distribution of horizontal wells and to illustrate some of the benefits of horizontal drilling with examples from key fields and trends.


The present invention relates to a kind of method that polymerisation in solution prepares colesevelam hydrocholoride.This method is in the presence of solvent and initiator, monomer A allyl amines, the hydroxy propane of 1,3 diallyl amino of monomer B 2, monomer C N pi-allyls n-Decylamine, the allyl amino n-hexyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides of monomer D 6 is set to obtain colesevelam hydrocholoride into salt through radical polymerization, hydrochloric acid.Process of the present invention is easily operated, the degree of polymerization and grafting rate of easily controllable colesevelam hydrocholoride.


Endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVL) is the endoscopic therapy of choice for esophageal varices. We present a very rare complication of EVL: complete esophageal obstruction [1]. A 64-year-old woman with cirrhosis was admitted for her fourth EVL. During the procedure, esophageal mucosal scarring from previous ligation, mild stenosis of the lower third of the esophagus, and a single large varix were identified. The large varix was ligated with only one band (Cook Medical, Bloomington, Indiana, USA). The banded varix almost occluded the esophageal lumen (●" Fig.1, ●" Video 1). The patient was sent home asymptomatic. Dysphagia, vomiting, and chest paindeveloped, and she returned to our emergency department appearing ill. The physical examination findingswerenormal. AGastrografin swallow showed esophageal dilatation with complete obstruction at the distal esophagus (●" Fig.2). During upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, black mucosa and a complete esophageal obstruction were found at the site of the previous banding (●" Fig.3,●" Video 2). The patient was given nothing by mouth for 7 days, afterwhichshewas able to toleratea liquid diet. By day 11, she could tolerate a full diet. At4months afterEVL, she is asymptomatic. Complete esophageal obstruction is a very rare event. To our knowledge, only three other cases have been reported in the literature. Verma et al. [2] and Nikoloff et al. [3] separately reported patients with complete esophageal obstruction after a second EVL procedure. Both patients completely recovered with only supportive therapy. Chahal et al. [4] reported a similar patient; however, they tried unsuccessfully to reopen the esophagus with a biopsy forceps, and esophageal dissection occurred. The patient completely recovered without further intervention. Several factors andmechanisms can be involved in the development of an esophageal obstruction, such as a large size of the varix, the excessive use of suction, mucosal scarring due to previous ligation procedures, and esophageal stenosis. It is suggested that this complication may be prevented with a correct banding technique and careful suctioning of the esophageal varix. Most of the time, only supportive therapy is needed. Endoscopy_UCTN_Code_CPL_1AH_2AJ


In this paper,on the basis of determining growth curve of Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans,with bacterial growth being expressed by the oxidation of ferrous iron,the effect of initial pH,inoculation amount and ferrous iron concentration on bacterial growth and ferrous iron oxidation was investigated.Experimental results showed that,initial pH1.6,inoculation amount 10% and ferrous iron concentration 50~100m mol/L is suitable for bacterial growth and ferrous iron oxidation in mixotrophic condition.


The skyline of a data set is the set of points that are not dominated by any other point. A number of algorithms have been developed for skyline computation on centralized databases, but only a little work has been done on skyline retrieval on P2P networks. Existing P2P skyline algorithms are particularly designed for subspace skylining, or constrained to certain network infrastructure, thus inapplicable for others. This paper proposes a novel skyline retrieval algorithm based on one of the most distinguished P2P network infrastructures, Chord, and minimizes the bandwidth consumption as well as the number of visited nodes. The algorithm progressively outputs the skyline points and provides means to keep query load balance. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results confirm the efficiency and scalability of the proposed algorithm.


According to social surveys in several European countries, occupants of multifamily housing are considerably annoyed by noise from neighbours' activities. The noise issue has also received increasing attention from WHO. Neighbour noise has been identified as a health problem and reduction of noise exposure in the home included in the proposed main objectives for a housing policy. In most countries in Europe, building regulations specify minimum requirements concerning acoustical conditions for new dwellings. In addition, several countries have introduced sound classification schemes with classes intended to reflect different levels of acoustical comfort. Consequently, acoustic requirements for a dwelling can be specified as the legal minimum requirements or as a specific class in a classification scheme. Most schemes have both higher classes than corresponding to the regulatory requirements and at least one class with lower criteria intended for renovated dwellings, if improvement up to requirements is inappropriate or impossible for architectural, technical or economic reasons. Action TU0701 Improving the Quality of Suburban Building Stock University of Malta, May 2010 2 / 8 2 ACOUSTICAL COMFORT AND HEALTH ASPECTS The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity", cf. [1]. Based on this definition, noise effects on health should not simply be understood as the adverse physical effects due to noise exposure, but also as disturbance of well-being, i.e. psychological effects of noise, which in the long term may lead to adverse physical effects. WHO identified a considerable number of specific adverse health effects caused by environmental noise, cf. [2]. These effects can be medical conditions, but can also include sleep disturbance, stress etc. The relevance of the sound insulation issue is underlined by results from social surveys, see eg [3b], and it is concluded that the neighbour noise problem is significant. Detailed results based on the WHO survey are found in for example [3-6]. When ranking annoyance from different noise sources, road traffic noise is the most dominant source, followed by neighbour noise. Based on statistics about populations [7] and findings presented in [3b], it seems that more than 50 million Europeans are exposed to neighbour noise causing adverse effects on quality of life. 2.1 Acoustical comfort, privacy, health, conflicts Acoustical comfort can be characterized as follows:  Absence of unwanted sound.  Desired sounds with the right level and quality.  Opportunities for activities without being heard by other people or annoying them. It is important to observe that acoustical comfort for a person is related to the person not only as a receiver of sound, but also as a source of sound. It can be annoying to be exposed to noise from neighbours, but it can be equally annoying to know that your activities can be heard by other people, implying lack of privacy. Poor sound insulation between dwellings can be a cause of conflict and a cause of restrained activity or reduced well-being, cf. for example Figure 1. Figure 1. The noise reaction process. From [8]. In modern society people generally demand more comfort, including request for privacy. Additional challenges are new lifestyle trends, such as bare floors, powerful home entertainment equipment and a more flexible lifestyle with a tendency to break down divisions between traditional daytime and night time activities. 2.2 Sound insulation is a 'hidden' quality In spite of the facts that a dwelling is probably the biggest investment during most people's lifetime, that much time is spent in the dwelling, and that acoustical comfort is very important for well-being, objective information about the acoustic conditions is rarely available. This means that prospective occupants of a dwelling may find it hard to assess the acoustic quality, as this is a 'hidden' quality difficult to assess during a brief visit to the dwelling. Classification schemes could be the tool to address the need for "labelling", see Section 4. Action TU0701 Improving the Quality of Suburban Building Stock University of Malta, May 2010 3 / 8 3 REGULATORY SOUND INSULATION REQUIREMENTS IN EUROPE 3.1 Sound insulation between dwellings A comparative study of the regulatory sound insulation requirements in 24 countries in Europe is described in [9-10]. The comparison reveals significant discrepancies in descriptors and requirements. For both airborne and impact sound insulation requirements, several descriptors are applied in Europe. Examples of descriptors applied:  Airborne sound insulation, e.g.: R'w ; R'w + C ; R'w + C50-3150 ; DnT,w ; DnT,w + C  Impact sound pressure level, e.g.: L'n,w ; L'n,w + CI,50-2500 ; L'nT,w ; L'nT,w + CI  Besides, there are variants; recommendations and special rules The most recent version of the standard EN ISO 717 [11] has contributed to the diversity in Europe by allowing many different descriptors and by introducing spectrum adaptation terms with different extended frequency ranges. Measurements are made according to [12]. The main requirements on airborne and impact sound insulation are presented in Figure 2 and 3. In order to facilitate a comparison between countries, all requirements have been converted into estimated equivalent values of R'w and L'n,w based on assumptions about rooms and construction types. In case of the equivalent R'w being an interval, the average value has been indicated. The equivalent values are estimates only, as exact conversion is not possible. Airborne sound insulation between dwellings Legal main requirements in 24 European countries 2008


The satellites of Uranus all have significant non-zero eccentricities and in the case of Miranda a significant inclination as well. The Voyager 2 encounter with Uranus in January 1986, provided more accurate estimates of the masses and sizes of the satellites. Orbital history and possible tidal heating were reexamined by using the Voyager data. The relevant orbital dynamics equations are described.


Because of valuable experiments of army equipment and lesser degree and inherited attribute of test, analysis methods in small-sample circumstances can be applied to diagnose fault of arming estate. This paper put forward a new technique to detect misfire of diesel engine based on exhaust noise. Through analyzing the characteristics (ratio of peak value h_(21) and total energy) of the spectrum domain, the statistical simulation method (Bootstrap) was used to give the confidence interval and histogram of these feature values, thus achieving the quantitative diagnosis for the faults of cylinder. It is proved that this method can solve the limitation of small sample in practical engineering and is reliable to phenomena of fault. This method can also recognize the fault patten in different state and then reduces experiments and save outlay.


Recently, low productivity owing to more and more complicated programs has become a serious problem in the field of High Performance Computing (HPC). Omni is a compiler infrastructure based on source-to-source translation for Fortran and C. It was developed by RIKEN and the University of Tsukuba. We are developing a metaprogramming framework for existing HPC languages including Fortran based on Omni with a goal of higher productivity of HPC programs. In this paper, we show the design and prototype implementation of this framework, which is based on directives and abstract syntax trees, and evaluate its feasibility and effectiveness. Through case studies of loop unrolling and the data-layout optimization of derived types, it is verified that various kinds of code transformations can be specified with this framework to improve program productivity.


Both globalization and science technology are based on human knowledge economy is human economy. Facing the fast-developing times, the humanistic revolution of management trend: Practising the humanistic management theory; Forming a management culture with the core of humanistic idea; Reconstructing management with humanisim.


A key element of the UK government's Sustainable Distribution strategy has been the Transport KPI initiative. This initiative has been designed to help companies benchmark the efficiency of their road transport operations against a standard set of key performance indicators (KPIs). Several 'synchronised audits' of fleet activity have been undertaken since 1997, including three in the food supply chain. The main objective of this project was to develop software tools that can be applied to the large transport KPI databases to assess opportunities for rationalising road freight operations.


In this work, a new class of black hole solutions in dilaton gravity has been obtained where the dilaton field is coupled with nonlinear Maxwell invariant as a source. The background space–time in ...


The adhesion and hardness of ZnS, MgF2, and cryolite films produced by neutral beam assisted deposition have been measured by using a simple scratch test and abrasion test. The results show that the mechanical properties are increased significantly when an energetic argon atom is used to assist in the deposition. Therefore, durable films are produced at low substrate temperatures.


Our analysis seeks to understand the impact of changing allocations of property rights on investment in new firms. We focus on the Cartoon Network, et al. v. Cablevision decision in the U.S., which narrowed the protection enjoyed by content creators (e.g., movie studios) and gave greater rights to downstream technology firms, as well as decisions in France and Germany that took an opposite view. Our findings regarding relative venture capital investment in the U.S. and Europe, across Europe, and between the various judicial circuits of the U.S. suggest that decisions around the allocation of property rights can have economically and statistically significant impacts on investment in innovative enterprises.


Reductive ammonia leaching method was used to recover Cu and Co from heterogenite. The influences of the reductant quantity, leaching temperature, the concentration ratio of NH3 to (NH4)2SO4, leaching time and liquid-solid (L/S) ratio on leaching rate of cobalt and copper were investigated. The optimal conditions at which the leaching rate of copper and cobalt were 96.07%, 98.24% respectively and that of Fe, Mg and Al were almost 0 were as follows: time = 5 h, T = 50°C, the amount of ammonia is 1.2 times of theorrtical, C(NH3):C [(NH4)2SO4] =1:3, L/S ratio = 3:1, and the dosage of Na2SO3 is 0.5 times of the heterogenites mass.


The 2009 Engineering, Science, and Technology Council of Houston Annual Awards Banquet was held in May to support the two IEEE winners of the Houston Museum of Natural Science Summer Intern Program. The winners are selected from the winners of the Science and Engineering Fair of Houston. The local IEEE Organizational Unit has been a long-time supporter of the annual science fair and the summer intern program as a K-12 initiative to support Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) programs within our school systems.


The author tries to explain M. Heidegger's method of interpreting historicity of Dasein in his fundamental ontology as well as the relationship between this historicity and history as an academic field. The question of relativity of historical knowledge is also treated in the text, the author considering it in terms of Heidegger's conception of historicity; besides, an assessment of the currently discussed definition of Heidegger's historical conception as "transcendental history" is offered.


Homicide law reform surrounding the partial defences to murder currently animates legal stakeholders in Australia and the United Kingdom, particularly in relation to cases of lethal intimate partner violence. In 2005, the Victorian Government implemented a series of homicide law reforms, central to which was the abolition of the partial defence of provocation and the instatement of an offence of defensive homicide. This article, based on a larger qualitative research study with British, Victorian and New South Wales legal stakeholders, explores experiences and perceptions of reforms in Victoria. An analysis of the impact of homicide law reform, using Hudson's principles of discursiveness and reflectiveness as a framework for analysis, reveals some dissonance between the intent and outcomes of these legal reforms. This study concludes that reforms crafted to counter gender bias in the operation of homicide law have produced mixed results for female victims of intimate partner homicide and related case law.


Data security has become an increasingly important concern for organizations and individuals in the digital age. To address this issue, there has been growing interest in using bio-commercial technology and artificial intelligence (AI) to develop innovative security solutions. This paper presents a research study on the development of a data processing secure new entrants in the market for medical devices in Germany can use the use of biometric data, such as fingerprints, iris scans, and voice recognition, in combination with AI algorithms to enhance the security of data processing. The paper provides an overview of the technical framework and architecture of the proposed system, and evaluates its effectiveness in comparison to traditional security measures. The study uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods, including surveys, interviews, and simulations, to collect and analyze data on the performance, accuracy, and usability of the proposed system. The results suggest that the data processing security system based on bio-commercial technology and AI is highly effective in preventing unauthorized access and enhancing data protection. The system provides a high level of accuracy, speed, and user-friendliness, making it a viable alternative to traditional security measures. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the study for the field of data security and future research directions.


Purpose:  Genetic mutations of the cyclin‐dependent kinase‐like 5 gene (CDKL5) have been reported in patients with epileptic encephalopathy, which is characterized by intractable seizures and severe‐to‐profound developmental delay. We investigated the clinical relevance of CDKL5 alterations in both genders.


Case History Mr. Bakir Hossain, a 49-year-old engineer of a company in Decca, the capital of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, paid his first visit on May8, 2002, with the chief complaint of tinnitus for more than a year. The patient stated that the tinnitus appeared a year before, accompanied with hypoacusis,which disturbed his work and sleep.


In real-time three-dimensional imaging the choice of the visualization method and orientation is crucial for intervention success. The key question is what to ignore and what to show in real-time applications, where user control is not appropriate. The invention addresses this problem by visualizing an intervention (caused by a user) to an object of interest without the requirement of an interactive input by the user. Advantageously, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, parameters for a visualization procedure are automatically chosen during data acquisition which may allow for an efficient tracking of the actual orientation and relative position of the structure with respect to the object of interest.


Primidone is an effective anticonvulsant against seizures induced in epileptic fowl by exposure to intermittent photic stimulation. Epileptic fowl metabolize primidone to phenobarbital. Pretreatment of epileptic fowl with SKF 525A to prevent the metabolism of primidone to phenobarbital indicated that primidone itself had anticonvulsant activity. Phenylethylmalonamide, a second metabolite of primidone, did not have anticonvulsant activity when administered at the same dose as primidone.


Aim: To investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidative effect of the essential oil (EO) of immortelle [Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don (H. italicum)] and its ability to inhibit biofilm of nontuberculous mycobacteria, M. avium and M. intracellulare. Materials and methods: a broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of the H. italicum EO. Survival of mycobacteria in Middlebrook 7H9 broth under the influence of H. italicum EO was monitored by subcultivation of suspension of 0, 1, 4 and 8 days. For determination of the inhibition of biofilm formation in water, the biofilm coloring method with crystal violet was applied. The antioxidant effect of MIC concentrations of H. italicum EO was determined by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil) method. Results: MIC and MBC value of immortelle EO was 3.2 mg/ml. Treatment of mycobacteria with H. italicum EO at one half times the MIC resulted in approximately 2 log10 reduction of M. avium and 2.5 log10 M. intracellulare respectively over 24 h, and complete reduction of both mycobacteria on the fourth day. M. avium showed a greater tendency to form biofilms. The concentration of one-quarter and one-half of the MIC values resulted in statistically significant inhibition of biofilm production of the tested mycobacteria. MIC concentrations of H. italicum EU after 60 minutes inhibited 38.2 % of DPPH radicals. Conclusion: The subinhibitory concentrations of H. italicum EO *Dopisni autor: Dolores Peruč, dr. med. Zavod za mikrobiologiju i parazitologiju, Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Rijeci Braće Branchetta 20, 51 000 Rijeka e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 1Zavod za mikrobiologiju i parazitologiju, Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Rijeci 2Zavod za kemiju i biokemiju, Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Rijeci 3Odjel za biotehnologiju, Sveučilište u Rijeci Utjecaj eteričnog ulja Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don na nastanak biofima netuberkuloznih mikobakterija Influence of essential oil Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don on the formation of non-tuberculous mycobacterial biofilm Dolores Peruč1*, Ivana Gobin1, Dalibor Broznić2, Mladenka Malenica Staver3, Brigita Tićac1 Izvorni znanstveni članak/Original scientific article


In an effort to increase reading compliance and active reading strategies, quizzes and reading guides were given to 100 participants in four psychology courses. Each participant was given four weeks of reading quizzes and four weeks of reading guides. Participants consisted of students (freshman through senior level) from two colleges along the Texas/Mexico border. Self-reported survey data was collected on reading compliance and metacognitive strategies. There was a statistically significant difference in reading compliance. Students reported reading the most when assigned a reading guide. However, the use of a quiz produced very similar results in reading compliance. Participants reported using more metacognitive reading strategies after completing the reading guides.


National architecture is the important carrier of national culture. Nowadays in China, in the process of new rural construction, there is a new challenge that how to improve the minority nationality residential building level as well as protect local building characteristics and avoid trend of thousand towns have the same look". In this article, taking Dai nationality building as an example, using research methods like architecture and anthropology, the minority nationality village update mechanism and influence factors are explored in respects of family structure, building development, value orientation and the organization method, then measures are put forward to protect minority village local characteristics. At last, it puts forward that interdisciplinary national architecture research system shall be established which covers humanity, economy, architecture and other courses, to carry forward and develop the varied and colorful national architecture culture in China.


Because the Forest Service road system is unique, roadway structure design and management methodologies developed by other transportation agencies are not adequate for Forest Service needs. To improve methodologies in the Pavement Design and Management System (PDMS), saving millions of dollars annually, road performance information must be collected and analyzed. The feasibility of developing and implementing a data base for PDMS is analyzed in three major parts.


One of the most popular and frequently used models for describing homogeneous liquid-solid fl uidised suspen- sionsisthemodeldevelopedbyRichardson&Zakiin1954.Thesuper fi cial fl uidvelocityandterminalsettlingve-locity together with an index makes it possible to determine the fl uid porosity in a straightforward way. The reference point for the Richardson-Zaki model is the terminal settling velocity at maximum porosity conditions. To be able to predict porosity in the proximity of minimum fl uidisation conditions, either the minimum fl uidisation velocity must be known or the Richardson-Zaki index must be very accurate. To maintain optimal process and control conditions in multiphase drinking water treatment processes, the porosity is kept relatively low. Unfortunately, the Richardson-Zaki index models tends to overestimate the minimum fl uidisation velocity and therefore also results in less accurate predictions with respect to porosity values. We extended the Richard- son-Zaki model with proven hydraulics-based models. The minimum fl uidisation velocity is acquired using the model proposed by Kozeny (1927), Ergun (1952) and Carman (1937). The terminal settling velocity is obtained throughthemodeldevelopedbyBrown&Lawler(2003),whichisanimprovedversionofthewell-knownmodel developed by Schiller & Naumann (1933). The proposedmodels are compared with data from expansion exper- imentswithcalciumcarbonategrains,crushedcalciteandgarnetgrainsappliedindrinkingwatersofteningusing the fl uidised bed process. With respect to porosity, prediction accuracy is improved, with the average relative error decreasing from 15% to 3% when the classic Richardson-Zaki model is extended with these hydraulics-based models. With respect to minimum fl uidisation velocity, the average relative error decreases from 100% to 12%. In addition, simpli fi ed analytical equations are given for a straightforward estimation of the index n.


Long‐term potentiation (LTP) in both area CA1 and the dentate gyrus is attenuated by stress and the evidence is consistent with the view that this is a consequence of increased activation of glucocorticoid receptors, in the hippocampus, following the stress‐induced increase in circulating corticosterone. It has been shown that expression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), is increased in hippocampus in response to stress; this finding together with the observation that IL‐1β exerts an inhibitory effect on LTP, suggests that IL‐1β may play a key role in mediating this inhibitory effect of stress on LTP. In this study, we explore this possibility and report that stress is also associated with increased reactive oxygen species production. The evidence presented supports the view that this is secondary to the stress‐induced increase in IL‐1β concentration, as IL‐1β increased activity of superoxide dismutase and increased reactive oxygen species accumulation in hippocampus in vitro. We report that the inhibitory effect of stress on LTP is mimicked by H2O2, which increases reactive oxygen species accumulation, and by IL‐1β, the effect of which is overcome by the antioxidant, phenylarsine oxide. The hypothesis that the stress‐induced increase in reactive oxygen species production may underlie the suppression of LTP is further supported by the finding that the effect of stress is abrogated by dietary manipulation with antioxidant vitamins E and C.


Abstract This article describes the basic prey requirements of Paraphysa sp., a small mygalomorph spider from the central Andes. Paraphysa sp. can be maintained in captivity using mealworms ( Tenebrio molitor ) as its primary food source. During a period of 66 days the prey requirements (larvae/day) were calculated for weight maintenance and compared with findings of previously reported resting and active metabolic rates. The spiders in this study ate at frequencies between 0.18 and 0.59 larvae/day, with an average of 0.43 ± 0.14 larvae/day. From the regression line between frequency of feeding (larvae/day) and weight gain, we determined that 0.31 larvae/day were needed for a weight gain of 0. Thus, for the spiders to increase their weight, they would need to eat more than 1 larva every 3 days. This frequency yields a caloric intake of 0.193 kcal/d, or equivalently, a carbon dioxide production of 0.189 mL CO 2 /g·h. The findings in this report are greater than the resting metabolic rate at 35°C, and they agree with the active metabolic requirements of this spider in the field.


In scientific writing, the writer tries to show the benefits of 3D-based multimedia, which can be used to add nuance or additional effects on the world film industry. 3D animated short film is about a plane that avoids the meteor rocks. In this 3D animation film there are three planes which maneuver to avoid the meteor rocks that exist in outer space. In this scientific paper also described the process of making the explanation easy to understand. This short 3D animated film created using 3D Max .


Self-dual codes over F5 exist for all even lengths. The smallest length for which the largest minimum weight among self-dual codes has not been determined is 24, and the largest minimum weight is either 9 or 10. In this note, we show that there exists no self-dual [24,12,10] code over F5, using the classification of 24-dimensional odd unimodular lattices due to Borcherds.


Background Neurocognitive impairment is a common complication of congenital heart disease (CHD) as well as acquired cardiovascular disease. Data are limited on neurocognitive function in adults with CHD (ACHD). Methods and Results A total of 1020 individuals with mild‐to‐moderate ACHD and 497 987 individuals without ACHD from the volunteer‐based UK Biobank study underwent neurocognitive tests for fluid intelligence, reaction time, numeric memory, symbol‐digit substitution, and trail making at enrollment and follow‐up. Performance scores were compared before and after exclusion of preexisting stroke or coronary artery disease as measures of cerebro‐ and cardiovascular disease. Individuals with ACHD had significantly poorer performance on alpha‐numeric trail making, a measure of visual attention and cognitive flexibility, spending 6.4 seconds longer on alpha‐numeric trail making (95% CI, 3.0–9.9 seconds, P=0.002) and 2.5 seconds longer on numeric trail making (95% CI, 0.5–4.6 seconds, P=0.034), a measure of visual attention and processing speed. The ACHD cohort had modestly lower performance on symbol‐digit substitution, a measure of processing speed, with 0.9 fewer correct substitutions (95% CI, − 1.5 to − 0.2 substitutions, P=0.021). After excluding preexisting stroke or coronary artery disease, individuals with ACHD continued to show poorer performance in all 6 domains (P=NS). Conclusions Individuals with mild‐to‐moderate ACHD had poorer neurocognitive performance, most significantly in tests of cognitive flexibility, analogous to deficits in children with CHD. These differences appear to be driven by increased burden of cerebro‐ and cardiovascular disease among individuals with ACHD.


The decorative program of the Vestibule of Hatshepsut's Chapel in the Royal Cult Complex on the Upper Terrace of the Temple of Hatshepsut has been studied thoroughly enough, but ongoing research continues to bring new information (compare e.g. PM II2, 359 and Pl. XXXVI [3] (89–93) to Karkowski 2001: 105 and 108). On all three walls: the southern one being the wall bordering on the temple of Tuthmosis III, the eastern one including two niches, and the western one being the facade of the chapel of Hatshepsut, the procession of gods is the main motif, dominating over the other, poorly preserved decoration of the western end of the south wall. Notwithstanding, this part of the south wall showing the king's image in three scenes was of the greatest importance because it was immediately visible to those entering the complex. The reconstruction of the Vestibule presents a number of problems. The original decoration has been obscured first by intentional damages on two separate occasions: on the order of Tuthmosis III and then again by Echnaton's followers and the post-Amarna restoration. Still younger hammerings of the gods' figures, the incomplete state of preservation and the same scheme of decoration with a procession of the gods on the walls constitute additional obstacles. Further investigation of the architecture and decoration is necessary to resolve the issue of the architrave arrangement (cf. Karkowski 1983: 150, Fig. 8 on 151). Finally, earlier reconstructions of some parts of the wall have proved to be incorrect in places. Documentation of the architecture of the Royal Cult Complex started in 1991 (Karkowski 1993: 70). Over seventy blocks with decoration from the vestibule were identified in 1993 (Pawlicki 1994: 90, and Fig. 1), among them also those belonging to the upper register of the south wall shown in F. Pawlicki's reconstruction drawing: seven almost complete blocks1 presenting two royal figures in a shrine. In the 1993/1994 season more blocks from the upper register scene with "the Great Ennead striding toward Tuthmosis I and Hatshepsut (Tuthmosis II) seated inside a palace" were recognized, along with a niche in the lower register of the south wall (Pawlicki 1995: 59). The facade of the Chapel of Hatshepsut and part of the opposite, east wall were documented. Finally, a reconstruction proposal was presented for the western part of the south wall (Pawlicki 1995: 58, Fig. 2). EGYPT DEIR EL-BAHARI


Five new binuclear Ni (II) complexes [Ni2L ].2ClO4 with various new unsymmetrical binucleating macrocyclic ligands were synthesized by cyclocondensation between N,N'-bis(3-formyl-5-methylsalicylidene) alkane/benzene/naphthalene-diimines (PC1-3 and 2,3-diamino -pyridine in the presence of Nickel (II) acetate and Nickel (II) perchlorate (1:1:1:1 molar ratio). Characterisation of these complexes was carried out using FT-IR, electronic and mass spectral studies and also by elemental analysis. Electrochemical properties of the complexes were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The interactions of the complexes with DNA have been measured by spectroscopic and viscosity measurements. Absorption spectroscopic investigation reveals that the Ni (II) complexes bind with DNA by intercalative binding mode, with binding constants(Kb) 1.87x10 , 0.94x10 and 0.62x10 M for the complexes 1-3 respectively. Fluorescence spectroscopic measurement shows that the Ni (II) complexes can displace ethidium bromide and bind to DNA, with binding constants(Kapp) of 2.5x10, 3.2x10and 4.3x10 M for the complexes 1-3 respectively. The interaction of the complexes with BSA has been studied by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. The results indicate that the complexes have a quite strong ability to quench the fluorescence of BSA and the binding reaction is mainly a static quenching process. The complexes exhibit good binding propensity to BSA showing relatively high binding constant values. Agarose gel electrophoresis studies show that the complexes display effective DNA cleavage activity by hydrolytic mechanism.


Disclosed is a liquid vaporizing and inhaling apparatus. The liquid vaporizing and inhaling apparatus vaporizes a liquid that is deposited therein for forming an inhalation gas for a user to inhale, and comprises a depository case for liquid elements which are vaporized into inhalation gas, and a rolling prevention part formed on the case for preventing the case from rolling. According to the liquid vaporizing and inhaling apparatus, the rolling prevention part is formed on the outer surface of the case, so that the liquid vaporizing and inhaling apparatus is prevented from rolling on a flat surface thereby preventing damage which could result from a fall due to the rolling.


Spatiotemporal time series nowcasting should preserve temporal and spatial dynamics in the sense that generated new sequences from models respect the covariance relationship from history. Conventional feature extractors are built with deep convolutional neural networks (CNN). However, CNN models have limits to image-like applications where data can be formed with high-dimensional arrays. In contrast, applications in social networks, road traffic, physics, and chemical property prediction where data features can be organized with nodes and edges of graphs. Transformer architecture is an emerging method for predictive models, bringing high accuracy and efficiency due to attention mechanism design. This paper proposes a spatiotemporal model, namely GTrans, that transforms data features into graph embeddings and predicts temporal dynamics with a transformer model. According to our experiments, we demonstrate that GTrans can model spatial and temporal dynamics and nowcasts extreme events for datasets. Furthermore, in all the experiments, GTrans can achieve the highest F1 and F2 scores in binary-class prediction tests than the baseline models.


The fundamental Theorems of Calculus are extended to the treatment of packing measures on the real line. These are related to the corresponding result for Hausdorff measures. We prove that the centered inner-envelope derivative and the outer-envelope derivative of a continuous increasing function on an interval differ, but in a certain sense they are almost everywhere linear and the theorems are true for h-continuous almost h-singular functions of bounded variation.


RuO2 has been studied for a long time as a model electrode for lithium ion battery, however, little is known about their cycle life at high capacity. Using a simple low-pressure chemical vapor deposition process, hierarchical columnar RuO2 nanoplates were directly deposited on stainless steel current collectors. Powder X-ray diffraction revealed the existence of the rutile form of RuO2 (P42/mnm, a = 4.499 A, c = 3.111 A), with a (110) preferred orientation for the as-deposited materials. The electrodes showed significant cycle life improvement versus Li/Li+ at high capacity (932 mAh g–1). This capacity is higher than expected for the conversion reaction (806 mAh g–1) of RuO2. Galvanostatic discharge–charge experiments were performed in the range of 4.0 to 0.1 V versus Li/Li+ at a constant current density of ∼806 mA g–1. These self-supported electrodes have shown 94% reversibility for the first 30 cycles and 81% after 60 cycles, which indicate good kinetics and excellent capacity retention. This significan...


Shanghai Donghai-bridge off-shore wind farm is the first large scale off-shore wind farm in Asia. The wind turbine foundation of this project possess engineering characteristics of off-shore structure, high rising structure foundation, dynamic equipment foundation and complicated soft soil foundation. Thus foundation design is the most important technique keys. In this paper wind turbine foundation design is mentioned and characteristics of foundation and any technique keys including nonlinear dynamic interaction between soil and foundation, system frequency analysis and foundation fatigue analysis are emphatically introduced.


This project's scientific goal was to achieve better understanding of where land cover change may mitigate climate change, accounting for both direct climate effects as well as the impacts on the global carbon cycle. As tools for investigating this problem, several models of different complexities were used: an offline land model, a standard coupled climate model, and a model in which coupled carbon-climate interactions were explicitly represented. Results from all model simulations were qualitatively similar: climate mitigation projects involving large-scale re-growth of forests are predicted to be beneficial in mitigating future CO{sub 2}-induced global warming if these are carried out in the tropical latitudes, to be largely ineffectual if conducted in temperate latitudes, and to be counterproductive if implemented at high latitudes. Details of the quantitative differences in these predictions which are exhibited by the chosen climate models also are discussed.


Objective:To study the inhibition effects of recombinant human secretory endostatin on corneal neovascularization of rabbits.Methods:Stitching cornea was used to induce the formation of corneal neovascularization in rabbits.On the first day after manipulation,recombinant endostatin and nor-mal saline were separatively injected into subconjunctival tissues to observe the growth of corneal neovas-cularization and histopathological changes.Results:Endostatin treatment group showed shorter elongations and smaller areas of new blood vessels than normal saline group.Moreover,fewer neovascularities,plasmo-cytes and fibroblasts in endostatin treatment group were observed under the light microscope(P0.05).Con-clusion:The results indicated that the subconjunctival injection of recombinant endostatin could inhibit the growth of corneal neovascularization,which will provide a new method for the prevention and treatment of corneal neovascularization in clinic.


Renewable energy sources are increasingly used for providing green alternatives to existing energy producers and need to be constantly monitored for optimizing the power grid. Unfortunately, such micro power plants are located in difficult to access remote locations where often only satellite or sparse GSM radio signals are available. In this paper we study the way how to use a decentralized cloud system, based on general systems and RTU (Remote Telemetry Units), for tele-monitoring of such objectives. In our proposed cloud M2M system, each RTU communicates by radio with a telemetry data gateway connected to a cloud computing infrastructure equipped with appropriate software that delivers processed data. Finally, we present the measurement results for a hydro-energy case study and discuss the applicability for other renewable sources such as solar or wind energy.


While a relative age effect (RAE) has been reported in handball, such analyses do not consider actual playing time during competitions, which may actually have more impact on performance in matches. The objective of the present study was to examine the RAE on playing time during international competitions with respect to playing positions. Team compositions (477 players) of the quarter finalists of the 2012 Olympic Games, 2013 World Championships, and 2014 European Championships were analyzed. Month and year of birth where collected in the starting list of each team for center, left and right backs, left and right wings, goalkeepers and pivots. Players were categorized into birth quartile (Q1 Jan–Mar; Q2 Apr–Jun; Q3 Jul– Sep; and Q4 Oct–Dec) and as odd/even year. Playing times were retrieved from official statistics. Data were analyzed for practical significance using magnitude-based inferences. We observed a strong selection bias towards players born earlier within a two-year selection period for all playing positions (Chi-square, p<.001). There was, however, an inconsistent effect of age (i.e. expected, reversed or a lack of it) on actual playing time during competitions. In conclusion, the present study showed for the first time that, despite its large effect on players' selection, players' relative age had a limited and position-dependent effect on their actual playing time during top-level competitions. Present findings suggest that the reasons supporting the relative age effect with respect to team selection are at odds with the current utilization of players by coaches in the field.


Position in the labour force has a strong influence on whether people move. This study examines the migration of all categories of the labour force and how it relates to the nations economy and changes occurring in society. The report examines: how mobility is affected by an individuals status in the labour force his/her sex occupation and the industry in which he/she works; the effects of labour migration on both State and regional growth and development--the spatial outcome; how migration composition differs between regions. (EXCERPT)


The first death from A(H1N1) flu in Europe has been confirmed in Scotland, a 38 year old woman, as the number of cases of the infection in the United Kingdom rose to 1320.

The latest global figures from the World Health Organization, as the BMJ went to press, show that there were 36 022 confirmed cases of A/H1N1 infection in 76 countries, including 164 deaths.

Last week WHO officially declared the virus as an influenza pandemic—the first since 1968—and raised its alert status to phase 6, reflecting the geographic spread of the virus, not its severity ( BMJ 2009;338:b2425, doi:10.1136/bmj.b2425).

In the United Kingdom, which has by far the greatest number of …


Market regulation is accomplished both by competition and by external government agencies, and the trend is toward greater reliance on competition. Economists have fostered this trend and have even invented markets to help overcome some externality problems. They have contributed to a steady improvement in antitrust policy, which currently reflects economic knowledge well. They diagnosed and demonstrated problems with external regulation of the airline industry and gave assurance that regulation by competition could work in its place. Success there led not only to deregulation of airlines but also deregulation of railroads, trucks, buses, and, in some ways, natural gas pipelines. Two other industries, telecommunications and electricity, are now following very ambitious paths toward less external regulation and greater dependence on competition. The Internet raises new issues, but there also, competition will play an important regulatory role.


For the multiple-link failures problem of Automatic Switched Optical Network,the paper establish the Bayesian network of reliability analysis model based on Correlated Link Failure Probability(CLFP),analysing the reliability of SPP and DPSP.In addition,a novel Shared-Path Protection for Multiple Link Failures with Differentiated Reliability(SPPMLF-DiR) is proposed based on Bayesian network reliability model.Finally,Simulation experiments show that SPPMLF-DiR algorithm is very effective.


Based on a review of previous studies on rural wage labour, this survey attempts to evaluate the relevance, contribution of, and possibilities for developing a sociology of labour markets within this area of interest. We begin by defining the main characteristics of the so called sociological theory of labour markets, recreating its developmental process within the science of economics. Then, we analyse how various rural wage labour studies have paid attention to empirical phenomena or employed theoretical ideas related specifically to the area of labour markets and, especially, to the themes posed by the sociological approach to them. We conclude that the sociology of labor markets has been present one way or another since the establishment of rural wage laborers analysis as a field of study. Among the analytical aspects involved in the conception of labor markets as social institutions, we assert that the area least tackled in specific research has so far been the historical or genetic one. Finally, we sustain that one of the principal ways available to continue developing the potential of the sociological approach is, precisely, to include it and go deeper into those aspects of analysis in studies of rural labor markets.


This paper presents a study of the safety impacts of median jersey barriers on Route 78, a two-lane highway in the Town of Westerly, Rhode Island. Route 78, also known as the Westerly Bypass, is about 4.3 miles long. It extends from the Connecticut State Line in the west to U.S. Route 1 in the south, providing a circumferential road around the Town of Westerly. The road is fully access-controlled, with 12 foot lanes and 10 foot shoulders. A median jersey barrier along the entire length separates the two lanes. There are three grade-separated interchanges along the route, with an at-grade signalized intersection at the southern terminus with U.S. Route 1. The facility provides easy access to some of the beaches of Rhode Island, and mostly serves seasonal and recreation traffic.


Contents: 1. Introduction: Making Inclusion Work in the Academia Janne Tienari, Susan Merilainen and Saija Katila PART I: INFLUENCING INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPING CURRICULA 2. Tempered Radicals Seizing the Moment: Creating a Master's Programme on Cultural Diversity in a Dutch University Patrizia Zanoni and Hans Siebers 3. Moving Towards Inclusive Excellence in Doctoral Studies Mary Ann Danowitz and Frank Tuit 4. From a Bottom-Up Movement to a Top-Down Strategy: Reframing Responsiveness to Gender Equality in an Austrian University Regine Bendl and Angelika Schmidt PART II: SETTING EXAMPLES AND REWORKING PEDAGOGY 5. Teaching Diversity in a 'Conservative' State: Using Empirical Evidence Myrtle P. Bell 6. Doing Difference with Graduate Management Students: Methods Used to Develop Inclusive Practices Sandra Billard 7. Gender in Education - An Inclusive Project Ulla Eriksson-Zetterquist 8. Contributions of Free-to-the-Public Webpages to Liberatory Education David Boje PART III: SHIFTING ACADEMIC IDENTITIES AND RESEARCH STRATEGIES 9. Extending Cross-ethnic Research Partnerships: Researching with Respect Judith K. Pringle, Rachel Wolfgramm and Ella Henry 10. Making Sense of Gender: Self Reflections on the Creation of Plausible Accounts Jean Helms Mills and Albert Mills 11. Carving a Niche for a Feminst Scholar: Shifting Academic Identities Beverly Dawn Metcalfe 12. Carrying on the Collaborative Effort - Becoming Academics in the Wake of a Feminist Intervention Project Elina Henttonen and Kirsi LaPointe PART IV: CONCLUSIONS 11. Practising Inclusion: Diversity Matters! Silvia Gherardi


Tourism has been a rapidly growing industry in the recent years but it comes not only with the increased revenues but also with a quite lot of negative impacts on the environment. In order to curb the increasing pressure on the natural resources, the concept of Sustainable Tourism and Ecotourism has been introduced across the globe. India has been receiving an increasing footfall of tourists in the recent years including domestic and international. The government has realized this fact and has decided to take up adequate measures in order to raise awareness not only amongst the tourists but also the local people to conserve the natural habitat and environment sensitive areas, natural resources and the heritage and culture of the tourist destinations. Energy is an important component of the economies to develop but extreme exploitation of energy resources do have repercussions on the growth of an emerging economy. Hence this paper aims to study the impact of tourists (domestic and international), population and steel industry on the energy consumption.


Experimental operation of a high power microwave source with a metamaterial (MTM) structure is reported at power levels to 2.9 MW at 2.4 GHz in full 1 μs pulses. The MTM structure is formed by a waveguide that is below cutoff for TM modes. The waveguide is loaded by two axial copper plates machined with complementary split ring resonators, allowing two backward wave modes to propagate in the S-Band. A pulsed electron beam of up to 490 kV, 84 A travels down the center of the waveguide, midway between the plates. The electron beam is generated by a Pierce gun and is focused by a lens into a solenoidal magnetic field. The MTM plates are mechanically identical but are placed in the waveguide with reverse symmetry. Theory indicates that both Cherenkov and Cherenkov-cyclotron beam-wave interactions can occur. High power microwave generation was studied by varying the operating parameters over a wide range, including the electron beam voltage, the lens magnetic field, and the solenoidal field. Frequency tuning w...


The legislation of maritime criminal law has been mentioned more and more, especially the part relating to the seafarers, according to the conventional navigation habits and the specialty of marine field, is attracted. It discussed the problem based on the basic theory of law including the species of the crimes of seafarers, the types of legislation of maritime criminal law, the necessity and the possibility of the legislation.


Basal ganglia dysfunction or lesions can result in movement disorders. This anatomical structure which is located in diencephalon and midbrain, consist of some nuclei which are interconnected together in a complex manner. Voluntary and involuntary motor functions would be controlled by basal ganglia which its increased output results in tremulous, rigid and slow movements in comparison with decreased output states which cause hyperkinetic movements. Although basal ganglia is responsible for motor function control, but it can also control some other brain functions like motivation, emotions and thoughts. So dysfunction in basal ganglia can also cause some pathologies like attention deficits, obsessions, mood disorders etc. Studying the anatomical and physiological aspects of basal ganglia function, would result in finding new treatment options for various movement disorders including pharmacological and brain stimulation treatment methods.


Salt bridges in the S1‐S4 domain of voltage‐gated K+ channels (Kv) are critical for maintaining protein stability and gating. Both intermediate (KCa3.1) and small (KCa2.x) conductance, calcium‐activated K+ channels conserve two arginines in the S4 transmembrane domain, although they exhibit no voltage dependence in their gating. Similarly, glutamic acid and lysine residues are conserved in the S3 and S2 transmembrane domains, respectively. Thus, we determined the role of each of these amino acids in KCa3.1 and KCa2.3 by mutating them individually to alanine, glutamine or by charge‐reversal mutations (E/R or R/E). Wild type KCa3.1 has a protein half‐life of approximately 5 hours and this was dramatically decreased to between 15 and 50 min for mutations at K62 (S2), E111 (S3), R159 (S4) and R165 (S4). Similarly, we determined KCa2.3 to have a half‐life in excess of 72 hours and this was decreased to between 15 and 30 min by mutations at K321 (S2), E370 (S3), R418 (S4) and R424 (S4). A single mutation in KCa2.2 (R269A in S4) also decreased protein half‐life from approximately 16 hours to 30 min, suggesting this is a common feature across the gene family. In each case, protein degradation was prevented by lactacystin, indicating these channels were subject to proteosomal degradation. Our results suggest that salt bridges are an evolutionarily conserved means of maintaining proper structure of the S1‐S4 domain and that this feature is separate from voltage dependence.


Both ginseng and American ginseng are world-famous traditional medicines with multiple bioactivities. The deep dormancy of their seeds causes serious problems in artificial cultivation. However, little is known about the physiological mechanism of seed dormancy and how to shorten the
 seed dormancy period for these two plant species. An experiment was conducted to determine whether endosperm removal would promote embryo development in ginseng and American ginseng and if in vitro embryos would suffer nutrient deficiency during seedling establishment. The results show
 that excised embryos developed radicles longer than 2 mm, using any culture method, whereas no germination was observed for intact seeds. Excised embryos, without the endosperm nutrient-supply have the ability of developing into a normal seedling, but in vitro embryos grown on MS medium
 have greater fresh weight, seedling height and radicle length than those grown on filter paper and pure agar medium. In summary, removing endosperm can overcome physiological dormancy of ginseng and American ginseng seeds, and nutrient level determines the development and growth rate of the
 embryo.


Bibliography Baldwin, James, The Fire Next Time. A Laurel Edition. New York: Second Laurel Printing 1978. Cazelles, Henri, "Moise devant l'histoire", in: Moise: l'Homme de l'Alliance. Paris: Desclee 1958,11-27. Diop, Cheikh A., Anteriorite des Civilisations Negres: Mythe ou Write? Presence Africaine. 2nd ed, Dakar 1993. Gelin, Albert, "Moise devant l'histoire", in: Moise: l'Homme de l'Alliance. Paris: Desclee 1955,29-52. Josephus, F., The Works of Josephus. New Updated Edition. Translated by William Whiston. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers 1987. Koffi, Ettien N., Language and Society in Biblical Times. San Francisco: International Scholars Publications 1995. Le Deaut, Roger, Targum du Pentateuque. 3 vols. Paris: Editions du Cerf 1978. McKissic, William D. and Anthony T. Evans, Beyond Roots II. IfAnybody ask you who / am. A Deeper Look at Blacks in the Bible. Wenonah, New Jersey: Renaissance Productions 1994. Munk, Elie, La Voix de la Thora. Commentaire du Pentateuque, 4th ed. Paris: Fondation Levy 1988. Perryman, Wayne, "The 1993 Trial on the Curse of Ham", in: The AfricanCultural Heritage Topical Bible. Bakersfield, CA: Pneuma Life Publishing 1995. Pirot, Louis, La Sainte Bible: Texte Latin. Paris: Letouzey et Ane 1940. Sakenfeld, Katharine Doob, "New Approaches to Understanding and Study of the Bible", in: The Bible in the Twenty-First Century. Ed. Howard Clark Kee. New York: American Bible Society 1993. Usry, Glenn and Craig S. Keener, Black Man's Religion. Can Christianity be Afrocentric? Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press 1996. von Rad, Gerhard, La Genese. Trans. E. de Peyer. Labor et Fides, Geneva. [English translation Genesis. A Commentary. London: SCM Press 1968 (German 1949).] Wenham, Gordon J., Genesis /-/5. Word Biblical Commentary. Waco, TX: Word Books 1987.


It has been found that the Muslim population in the UK seek spiritual advice from traditional faith healers for psychiatric and related problems. The important role that religious beliefs may have on perceptions of mental illness and substance misuse warrants further investigation. The aims were to examine the views of Muslims faith healers on symptoms and changes in behaviour commonly described as "psychosis" and "substance misuse". Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with Muslim faith healers from various backgrounds. Data were analysed according to the conventions of qualitative research using grounded theory methods. Religious conceptualisations played a key role in the understanding of both the disorders and consequently the guidance given. There were similarities and differences in the narratives given for psychosis and substance misuse. Healers expressed doubt towards other faith healers and the methods utilised by scientific means. The findings suggest a need for close collaboration between faith healers and mental health workers in order to achieve a culturally sensitive health care system.


Prevalence hypertension was estimated 1.13 billion people in the world and 2.027.006 (20.0%) people in DKI Jakarta. Headache was a common symptom related to high blood pressure levels. Slow Deep Breathing Exercise was non pharmacological therapy to reduce consumption of oxygen, metabolism, frequency of respiration, frequency of heart, muscle tension and blood pressure. This research was a pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design and the respondents performed slow deep breathing exercise fourth time in one day during fourth days. Before and after intervention, the respondents measured vital sign and assessed headache scale with subjective and objective (a numerical scale 1-10). The number of samples in this study were 30 respondents who were selected by probability random sampling and were included in the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Research time December 2019-January 2020 at UKI General Hospital and Cawang District Health Center, East Jakarta. The results showed differences before and after Slow Deep Breathing Exercise on the decrease in headache scale with p-value = 0.000 and on the decrease in blood pressure with p-value = 0.000 and on the pulse rate of 0.014, breathing frequency 0.008 and temperature 0.000 (<0.001). Before intervension, patients feels headache on 7 scale and after intervention, respondents felt no headache on 0 scale. Conclusion are Slow Deep Breathing Exercise have an effect to reduce headache scale and vital sign for four days . The suggestion for the nurse teachs Slow Deep Breathing Exercise to hypertensive patients so that patients can do these exercises at home as an independent exercise.