The Euler characteristic is a topological notion appearing in many different topics throughout mathematics. The Euler formula shows that the expression of the Euler characteristic in terms of numbers of vertices, edges and regions (faces of different dimension in higherdimensional cases) is a topological invariant. I had firstly come across the topic by reading the topological invariants. This formula is a powerful tool used in establishing many important mathematical results, from the classification of regular polyhedra to the nonplanarity criterion for graphs. I will describe some required tools in differential geometry. GaussBonnet is also a deep result in differential geometry that illustrates a fundamental relationship between the curvature of a surface and its Euler characteristic. In this paper I introduce and examine properties of surfaces in effort to prove a discrete Gauss Bonnet analog. Keyword: Euler Characteristic, Polyhydra, Gauss-Bonnet Introduction The Euler characteristic was originally defined for polyhedra and used to prove various theorems about them, including the classification of the Platonic solids. Euler's characteristic is strictly easy to compute, and it really seems odd that it should be a topological invariant . After all, it is computed from cell decomposition and it is very easy to come up with a lot of different complexes on a single surface, all with varying numbers of faces, edges and vertices. Euler's formula : V E + F = 2 is simple though it may look, this little formula encapsulates a fundamental property of those threedimensional solids we call polyhedra, which have fascinated mathematicians for over 4000 years. Actually I can go further and say that Euler's formula tells us something very deep about shape and space. The formula bears the name of the famous Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler (1707 1783), who would have celebrated his 310th birthday this year. The Gauss Bonnet theorem bridges the gap between topology and differential geometry. Its importance lies in relating geometrical information of a surface to a purely topological characteristic, which has resulted in varied and powerful applications. Though this paper presents no original mathematics, it carefully works through the necessary tools for proving Gauss-Bonnet. Gauss first proved this theorem in 1827, for the case of a hyperbolic triangle. This theorem established a remarkable invariant relating curvature to the notion of angle within the surface. However, with the developments in topology in the 19th and 20th centuries, this theorem has become an invaluable piece of modern mathematics. Graphs And Maps By an (undirected, finite) graph we will mean an ordered pair G = (V;E), where the elements of the finite set V are called vertices, and elements of the finite set E are called edges, and each edge corresponds to a pair of vertices. Loops and multiple edges among two vertices are allowed. Simplicial complex is a graph without loops and multiple edges is a 1dimensional simplicial complex. Let us also mention some special classes of graphs. By Kn we will denote the complete graph with n vertices, where each pair of different vertices is joined by an edge. By Km,n we will denote a complete bipartite graph on two groups of m and n vertices respectively, where each vertex from the first group is joined to each vertex of the second group, and no two vertices from the same group are joined. A map on some surface S (including the plane) is an injective continuous mapping f : G → S from some graph G to S. The images of the vertices are also called vertices, and the images of the edges are also called edges. So, edges of the map are some "curves" on surface S with no selfintersection, each two of which could intersect only at possible common vertex. © 2021 JETIR August 2021, Volume 8, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIR2108193 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org b518 i=0 i We could think of a map as of some "curved" image of a graph embedded in the surface. If there is a map of the graph G to surface S, we say that graph G could be embedded in S. If a graph could be embedded in the plane, than it could be embedded in the sphere as well, since the sphere without one point is homeomorphic to the plane (e.g. stereographic projection). The vice-versa is true as well. Namely, if there is an embedding of a graph in the sphere, there is a point on the sphere not belonging to the image of the embedding. (Otherwise this embedding would be a homeomorphism, which of course could not exist.) But, then a graph could be embedded in the sphere without a point, which is homeomorphic to the plane. We call such graphs planar. The connected components of the complement of the map are called its regions, and each map determines a finite number of regions. If we consider a map in the plane, then some of its regions are unbounded and the other regions are bounded. On every closed surface (compact, without boundary), all regions have compact closures. We will be especially interested in the maps on closed surfaces whose regions are homeomorphic to an open disc. Note that this forces the graph G to be connected. In the case of the plane, there is one unbounded region which could not be homeomorphic to an open disc, and the graph G need not to be connected. In this case we impose the additional condition to the graph G to be connected. If we consider the image of a bipartite graph, then each region is bounded by at least four vertices and edges. Each map f : G → S determines a graph G* (in some sense) dual to the graph G, where the vertices of G* correspond to the regions of the map, and two vertices of G* are joined if and only if corresponding regions share a common edge on their boundaries. Note that this dual graph G* comes with a natural embedding in the surface S. Note also that this notion depends on a map of the graph G and not only on the graph G itself. It is obvious that a dual graph contains no loops or multiple edges by definition. Under some assumptions, there would be a construction in the opposite direction. Starting from the graph G* embedded in S, there would be such graph G and a map f : G → S so that the dual graph is exactly the original graph G*. However, we will not use it here. Euler Characteristic Given a graph G = (V;E) with v vertices and e edges, its Euler characteristic is defined to be X(G) = v ‒ e. For a graph G embedded in the plane, the following idea was used in to simply determine its Euler characteristic. In order to simplify the presentation, we present the idea in the case of the graph with no loops, although it works in general. Let us choose a line L in that plane, and project the drawing of G to the line L. We could choose a generic line L in the plane, so that no two vertices of G project to the same point in L, and so that every point x on L is the projection of finitely many, n(x), points from G. This function n(x) is constant in some intervals and let us donated by a0, a1 ,..., aK the successive endpoints of these intervals in one direction. These are the points of the line L in which function n(x) changes its value. We want hat every point which is projected to some of these points is a vertex of G. If some point which is not a vertex projects to some ai, we could introduce it as a vertex and split the edge containing it in two edges. In this process we increase the number of vertices and edges by 1 and so, preserve the Euler characteristic. If some vertex projects to a point in some open interval (ai , ai+1), it is an endpoint of two edges, and such a vertex could be removed from the set of vertices by joining these two edges in one edge (in a kind of reverse process). Notice that the Euler characteristic is again preserved, since we decrease the number of vertices and edges by 1. By applying these two processes we obtain an embedded graph whose vertices (and only vertices) are all projected to the points a0, a1 ,..., aK . So, the number of vertices of this graph is ∑k n(a ). Also, the vertices of every edge are projected to two consecutive points in the order a0, a1 ,..., aK . Let us now choose some points b1 € (a0 , a1), . . . , bk € (aK-1 , aK) arbitrarily in these intervals. Each point projected to the point bi belongs to an edge connecting two vertices which are projected to the points ai-1 and ai . Different points projected to the same point bi correspond to different edges of G, © 2021 JETIR August 2021, Volume 8, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIR2108193 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org b519 and so n(bi) counts the number of edges whose vertices project to the points ai-1 and ai. So, the number of edges of this graph is ∑k i=0 n(bi) , and we summarize all this in the following theorem. Let us now consider a map f : G → S on the closed surface S, with v vertices, e edges, which determines r regions, all of which are homeomorphic to a disc. The Euler characteristic of this map is defined to be X(f) = v e + r. In the case of the plane we denote by r the number of bounded regions (so we do not count one unbounded region), and also define the Euler characteristic in the same way as X(f) = v e + r. In this case, we require that all regions except for the unbounded ones are homeomorphic to the disc, and that graph G is connected. The EulerPoincare formula expresses this quantity in terms of Betti numbers of the surface S (their alternating sum). As a consequence, it turns out that the Euler characteristic is a topological invariant of the surface, and it does not depend on a map but only on the surface. We denote it by X(S). Topological invariants In order to understand if it should be true that the Euler characteristic "reads" the information of what kind of surface a certain polyhedron can be drawn on, we must understand what kinds of changes to a graph leave the Euler characteristic un


Although there is an abundant literature on the determinants of the real effective exchange rate, no study has focused specifically on all the African countries in the Franc zone, whose currencies are still pegged to the euro by a fixed parity, despite the end of the gold standard in 1971. The main objective of this article is to identify the main factors explaining the real effective exchange rate in the franc zone. The data used in this work cover 15 countries that use the CFA franc over the period 1990-2019. To achieve our objective, we mobilized several estimation methods such as the Driscoll and Kraay method, the Panel Corrected Standard Error (PCSE) and the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method. The results of this study reveal that inflation, money supply, the interest rate, gross domestic product per capita, imports and direct investment are the main determinants of the real effective exchange rate in the franc zone.


This study examines the effects of taking part in a life-long dance program on the mental health of the elderly. The dance program, originally developed for the purpose of this study, seeks to promote the mental health of the aged, taking into due consideration various characteristics of old age. The dance program is part of the effort to formulate policies for the welfare of senior citiTxns in preparation for the imminent silver society, in which rising numbers of senior citizens will make increasing demands on social programs. For the proposes of this study, a previously established 3-stage program and a 4-stage complex-program incorporating psychological skill training was applied to the life-long dance program. In order to determine the more effective program for the promotion of mental health, a pre-test was administered to the subjects, aged 65 or over, at various senior centers. The subjects were able to exert physical activities, but were not active in any other structured physical activity program at the time. The subjects were divided into the following three sub-groups according to the results of the pre-test : (1) 3-stage life-long dance program group (2) 4-stage life-long dance program group ; and, (3) non-participating control group. The life-long dance program was carried out 3 times a week for 8 weeks, after which period a post-test was administered. As the result of the findings of variations in mental health between the pre-test and the post-test, which took into consideration the changes in active and non-active partiapants and the type of prograrm, I have arrived at the following conclusions First, at the conclusion of the life-long dance program, 9 indicators of mental health generally declined among the participating group as compared to the non-participating group. The 9 indicators compose of somatic, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism Second, the above-mentioned 9 indicators of mental health showed more decline in the group taking part in the 4-stage complex-program incorporating psychological skill training than in that participating in the 3-stage life-long dance program


Banana-plant fibre (Musa sapientum) is strong, soft, and coarse, and a technique developed for processing the fibre on standard jute machinery after stapling it to 20 cm is reported. In some trials, the fibre was blended with jute and mesta. A disadvantage was that the yarn was hairy, but hessian and sacking fabrics woven with banana-fibre yarn as weft or warp and with jute yarn in the other direction complied with standard specifications and looked brighter and dyed better than corresponding all-jute fabrics.


In this paper an accurate modeling of permanent magnet synchronous motor that is suitable for high frequency differential mode calculation is proposed. The model takes into consideration the core losses and the two resonance responses that occurred during the experimental results. The model is suitable for calculation of torque ripple contribution due to flow of the differential current in motor winding. The experimental measurements show that the motor differential mode stray capacitances are functions of rotor position. The simulation results of the proposed differential mode circuits together with the experimental results show that the level of the differential mode noise currents is of significant value that can not be ignored. However, the flow of some of this differential mode current in the motor stator windings has small contribution of the torque ripple.


License plate recognition (LPR) sensors are embedded camera systems that monitor road traffic. When a vehicle passes by a sensor, the vehicle's license plate, the location, and the time of observation are recorded. Given a stream of such observations from a collection of sensors spread around the road network, our goal is to detect convoys: groups of two or more vehicles traveling with highly correlated trajectories. Some of the main challenges with modeling and processing data from LPR sensors include that the data-gathering process is event-driven, thus data are not regularly sampled in time or space. Also, an appropriate definition of convoy should be relative to background traffic patterns, which are temporally and spatially varying. This paper proposes novel models for LPR observations of traffic which are well suited for online convoy detection. Baseline traffic is modeled as following a mixture of semi-Markov processes, and specific models for temporal and spatial correlation of observations of vehicles traveling in a convoy are introduced. These models are used within a sequential hypothesis testing framework to obtain a system for real-time convoy detection. The model of baseline traffic may be of independent interest for forecasting road traffic patterns. Experiments with an extensive simulated dataset illustrate the performance of the scheme and offer insights into the tradeoffs between detection rate, false alarm rate, and the expected number of observations required to detect a convoy.


Measurements of black smoke (BS), total suspended particulates (TSP) and selected trace element concentrations were made at two locations (four sites) in London, UK. One location was in Ealing, West London, the other was in Wood Green, North London. At each location, a residential and commercial roadside site was identified and monitored. The black smoke measurements were taken over 24-hour periods via a British standard 8-port smoke sampler situated inside a mobile laboratory. The TSP measurements were taken during peak traffic periods and 24-hour periods using glass fibre filters and high volume sampling pumps. At one site (the residential site at Wood Green), the TSP samples were analysed for 17 elements Pb, Zn, Br, Mg, Al, V, Fe, Sb, Mo, Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ba, Sn and Pt. After gravimetric analysis, the trace elements were extracted from the filter papers and analysed using inductively coupled plasma-source mass spectrometry. Two methods of extracting the trace elements were investigated, and the most efficient technique, the "nitric-perchloric", was used. Quantitative determinations of BS were made for a total of 98 and 115 days at the Ealing and Wood Green locations respectively during 1991/92. The average concentrations determined at the residential locations were 18.3 (Ealing) and 20.5 (Wood Green) µg/m³, respectively, and for the commercial sites the corresponding values were 30.6 and 69.5 µg/m³. The daily TSP values at the four sites are also reported and compared with measurements taken during the morning and afternoon rush hours. The particulate values reported here are discussed and compared with previously reported measurements in the UK. A total of 55 filter papers from the residential site at Wood Green were extracted for trace element analysis and the results are reported. Sufficient samples were collected to allow the data to be divided into morning, afternoon and 24-hour time periods, allowing comparison of the trends with the TSP data. The total and individual contributions of the trace elements to the particulate mass have been calculated and the most abundant trace elements (Zn, Pb, Br, Fe, Al, Mg) identified.


www.experimentjournal.com 1254 Synthesis, biological activity and docking studies of N,N'-(3S,4S)bis(3,4-disubstituted pyrrolidine)-1-sulfonamide derivatives as β-gluscosidase inhibitors Abstract Starting with L-tartaric acid the chiral 3,4-disubstituted pyrrolidine analogue sulfonamide derivatives were prepared. These compounds were examined for anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity. Further the docking studies were carried out for the model compounds from each series against β-glucosidase and the results found are moderate. The structure–activity relationships are also briefly discussed.


The author presents a new vectorial strategy for designing line segment detectors. Its advantage is that only two template masks are required for computing the magnitude and orientation of a line segment. Hence it is significantly faster than other approaches to line segment detection. In addition, when set up correctly, the method is capable of a remarkable degree of accuracy, estimating line segment orientation to better than 0.4/spl deg/.


This veto message from Governor Mark Sanford vetoes H. 3124, R. 173, a bill supporting the expansion of educational choice for all South Carolina students. Unfortunately, a close examination of this bill reveals that it would not provide true choice; it would inhibit it. H. 3124 would actually represent a step backwards in the education reform movement because it would create the illusion of reform where none would actually exist.


months. No cause could be found despite multiple investigations. There was poor response to medication. The child was referred to dermatology for the evaluation of a rash that had developed over the past 1 month. According to her mother, the rash appeared as erythematous papules in crops and then resolved with scars. Examination revealed multiple painful erythematous papules scattered over the limbs in different stages of evolution (Figure 1). Some were raised whereas others were umblicated in the center with a necrotic base. Healed lesions appeared as whitish, porcelain-like macular scars (Figure 2). Systemic examination was normal. Her complete blood count, renal functions, liver functions, abdominal sonography and barium meal follow-through, and coagulation profile including the international normalized ratio and serum antinuclear antibody revealed no abnormality. Skin biopsy showed a thin epidermis with hyperkeratosis overlying a necrobiotic dermal collagen with sparse inflammatory infiltrate. The blood vessels were dilated with swelling of endothelial cells and luminal thrombosis. Scattered mucin deposits were also seen. Based on historical features, characteristic skin lesions, and a supportive histology, the patient was diagnosed with Degos disease. Aspirin (3 mg/kg) and dipyridamole (5 mg/kg) were prescribed. Within 48 hours, the patient improved. Irritability reduced significantly. Active lesions started healing. Abdominal pain improved but vomiting continued although frequency was reduced significantly. At the time of reporting, the patient is still admitted in our pediatric Introduction


: With the rapid development of domestic logistics enterprises and networks, military logistics outsourcing has gradually become an important means of China's military material transportation, delivery and comprehensive support, however its risks are everywhere, especially the Third-Party Logistics (TPL) managed by novel information technologies and mobile management systems is prone to potential risks of loss and disclosure in military information collection, transmission, tracking, mining and analysis. The paper systematically combs and analyzes the risk of military logistics outsourcing under the background of informatization and Big Data of logistics by using the methods of literature investigation, field investigation and expert consultation, and analyzes the connotation of each risk factor in detail; Based on this, each risk factor is quantitatively analyzed and measured by the Applet of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and expert scoring. The research show that: in terms of primary indicators, the biggest risk factor is the risk from TPL enterprises, followed by the risk of process management of logistics transportation; In terms of secondary indicators, the biggest risk is the asset specificity risk from TPL, the second is the legal environment risk, and the third is military information leakage via Internet, which provides a certain guidance for the risk management of military logistics outsourcing.


The proper configuration of the bearing not only affects the internal structure and service life of the gearbox, but also determines the service life of the bearing itself. In this paper, through changing the angle formed by the input shaft and the intermediate shaft of two-stage reducer in the transverse position, the model was built for several times. the changes of bearing force, bearing damage degree and fatigue life under different conditions were compared and analyzed, and the optimal type of the intermediate bearing was selected according to the results.


In this work, the embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) coding and the set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) coding methods are studied. The effect of the arithmetic coding on the performance of the EZW and SPIHT coding methods is analysed. The performance of these two coding methods are compared with the well-known Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) compression method's performance.


In the oil industries, interconnected pipelines are used to carry large quantities of petroleum and its byproducts. This modal has an advantage because they are more economical, eliminate a need for stocks and, in addition, great safety in operation minimizing a possibility of loss or theft when transported another way. In many cases, especially in the petrochemical industry, the same pipeline is used to carry more than one type of product. They are called poliduct. In the operation of a poliduct there is a sequence of products to be transported and during the exchange of the product, there are still fractions of the previous product and this generates contaminations. It is therefore important to identify precisely this region in order to reduce the costs of reprocessing and treatment of discarded products. In this way, this work presents a methodology to evaluate the sensitivity of the gamma densitometry technique in a study of the calculation of volume fractions in biphasic systems, submitted to the stratified flow regime. Using computational simulations using the Monte Carlo Method with the MCNP-X code, measurement geometry was proposed that presented a higher sensitivity for the calculation of volume fractions. The relevant technical data to perform a simulation of the scintillator detectors were based on information obtained from the gammagraphy technique. The study had a theoretical validation through analytical equations, and the results show that it is possible to identify volume fractions equivalent to 3%.


The introduction of the Global Positioning System (GPS) into the National Airspace System (NAS) necessitates the development of Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) techniques. In order to guarantee a certain level of integrity, a thorough understanding of modern estimation techniques applied to navigational problems is required. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is derived and analyzed under poor geometry conditions. It was found that the performance of the EKF is difficult to predict, since the EKF is designed for a Gaussian environment. A novel approach is implemented which incorporates ridge regression to explain the behavior of an EKF in the presence of dynamics under poor geometry conditions. The basic principles of ridge regression theory are presented, followed by the derivation of a linearized recursive ridge estimator. Computer simulations are performed to confirm the underlying theory and to provide a comparative analysis of the EKF and the recursive ridge estimator.


iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the people who have influenced and inspired me. Without their help I could not have succeed in my academic career and this thesis would not have been possible. I specifically want to thank my advisor, Prof. James E. Klaunig, for his guidance throughout my graduate career. His Introduction to Toxicology class inspired me to seek my Master's degree where his life stories about his experiences as a Toxicologist captivated my interests and propelled me to continue my education. I could not have accomplished my goal without his support and recommendation to the graduate program. I would also like to thank Dr. Lisa M. Kamendulis for her support and for serving as my co-advisor. She has always been accessible and has regularly taken time out of her schedule to offer her assistance and her ear to listen to my concerns. Her lectures will be remembered as engaging and motivational and her hard work and dedication have served as an example worthy of emulation. Dr. Barbara Hocevar also deserves special thanks as she has served on my thesis committee and has given valuable guidance and direction to me without which this thesis could not have been completed. My deepest gratitude goes to my wife, Jannie Stone, for her unwavering love and support throughout this entire process; I could not have achieved success without her. She is my soul mate, partner and friend and has never left my side. I am also indebted to my father, Kenneth Stone, for his example of Christian faith and work ethic. He worked tirelessly to support the family and spared no effort to provide the best possible home. iv Words cannot describe my gratitude for my mother, Janet Stone, who is simply the best mother a child could be given by God. I remember many sacrifices my mother has made for me, often going without simply to provide for me. I remember her constant support and encouragement and the strength of her Christian faith. Furthermore, my children Sam Stone, Lindsay Stone and Misty Johnson have completed my life. I am grateful for the love and joy they have given me and their encouragement which has motivated me to continue. I also want to express my gratitude to God for giving me my grandchildren, Ronni, Cole and Camryn Johnson, whose smile alone brightens my day and makes me forget my struggles. …


Introduction: Treatment of AML remains challenging. Decitabine is a hypomethylating agent (HMA) commonly used for treating AML. However, its efficacy is limited. Recent success targeting immune checkpoints offers great promise and several agents blocking the PD-1 pathway have been FDA approved for cancer therapy. It has been demonstrated that HMA enhances PD-1 pathway in MDS and AML patients, providing a strong rationale for combining HMA and PD-1 inhibition in AML treatment. Avelumab is a PD-L1 antibody that blocks the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1. It has been FDA approved for treating Merkel cell and urothelial carcinoma and in combination with axitinib for renal cell carcinoma. This phase I study aimed to investigate the safety of avelumab combining with decitabine in AML. In addition, extensive correlative studies were performed to define the effect of avelumab on the immune response.
 Methods: This is a single arm, open label phase I study to evaluate safety and tolerability of avelumab in combination with decitabine in patients with untreated AML, who are unfit for intensive chemotherapy. Decitabine was given at 20mg/m2 IV day 1-5, every 28 days. Avelumab was given at 10mg/kg IV day 1, every 14 days. Each treatment cycle was 28 days. Treatment length was up to one year or until progression. In the initial stage, classic "3+3" design was applied to determine safety. Patients were evaluated for DLTs in cycle 1. In the expansion stage, a cohort of 9 additional patients using the same regimen was planned. For correlative studies, blood and bone marrow samples were collected prior to and post initiation of avelumab. Flow cytometry-based assays for immune phenotype and functions were performed.
 Results: Seven patients have been treated on protocol. Median age was 71 (62-78). Most patients (6/7) carried adverse cytogenetics per ELN 2017 risk stratification. Median number of treatment cycles was 2 (range 1-12). No DLT was detected. The most frequent TEAEs (any grade or cause) were anorexia (86%), fatigue (71%), edema (71%), pleural effusion (71%), febrile neutropenia (57%) and respiratory failure (57%). Two treatment-related TRAEs were observed: fever (14%) and pneumonitis (14%). TRAEs led to treatment discontinuation in 1 patient (14%). The trial was closed before accrual met for the best interest of patients due to the recent FDA approval of venetoclax, a novel treatment for the same patient population. Among the 7 patients accrued, 1 patient achieved CR, 3 patients stable disease, 1 had progression of disease; response could not be assessed in 2 patients due to death before response assessment. To investigate the effect of avelumab on immune response, we conducted complex immune assays using blood samples collected from each patient prior to vs. 1 month post treatment. We observed no alteration in the frequency of each immune component (NK, NKT, B cells, DCs, Monocytes, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and Treg) upon avelumab and decitabine treatment. However, there was an increase in effector memory differentiation while decreased terminal differentiated subsets in CD8 T cells. We next performed comprehensive phenotypic and functional analysis of CD8 T cells. Data of the first accrued 6 patients are shown here (Figure 1); the data from patient 7 is underway and will be integrated into the presentation at the meeting. We observed a strong trend of up-regulation of activation markers and co-stimulatory receptors (CD69, CD226, CD28, ICOS and 4-1BB) on CD8 T cells post treatment of avelumab and decitabine. In contrast, the expression of inhibitory molecules, including TIGIT, TIM-3, CD160, LAG-3, 2B4 and BTLA, were trending down. Consistently, CD8 T cell function was enhanced in majority of patients, manifested by higher expression of granzyme B, perforin and Ki67, as well as more cytokine release (IFN-γ and TNF-α) upon in vitro TCR engagement. Importantly, avelumab is likely the major contributor for the positive regulatory effect as studies on samples from patients who received decitabine alone did not show the same trend.
 Conclusion: In this phase I study, we demonstrated that avelumab in combination with decitabine as first line treatment of unfit patients with AML is safe and tolerable. CD8 T cell response trends up upon avelumab treatment. Our study strongly supports the addition of avelumab to AML treatment with a potential to improve anti-leukemia immunity.

 Zheng: Pfizer: Research Funding. Claxton:Daiichi Sankyo Co. and Ambit Biosciences Corp, Astellas Pharma, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Incyte Corporation, Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Celegene Corporation, Medimmune, Inc, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Gilead Sciences, Inc.: Research Funding. Naik:Celgene: Other: Advisory board.


The objective of this study is to show how some Eastern European countries have managed to launch the initiatives at the local level conducive to the creation of multiethnic societies. This is important not only because of achieving the goals set up by the international community but also because of providing some positive examples for others in the process of implementing programmes, initiatives and legislation for the advancement of multiethnic relations at local levels. The positive effects of particular examples of the positive practice of ethnic relations are often very difficult to bring about. Sometimes, it is difficult to distinguish between the examples of the positive and the negative practice, especially if we focus on the conflicts in sensitive societies such as the Western Balkans. However, it could be said that any practice that can contribute to the improvement of ethnic relations and to the protection of minorities could be considered a positive practice.


This paper presents new dynamic topology adaptation strategies for distributed estimation in smart grids. A dynamic exhaustive search-based topology adaptation algorithm and a dynamic sparsity-inspired topology adaptation algorithm, which can exploit the topology of smart grids with poor-quality links and obtain performance gains, are proposed. An optimized combining rule, named the Hastings rule, is incorporated into the proposed dynamic topology adaptation algorithms. Compared with existing techniques for distributed estimation, the proposed algorithms have a better convergence rate and significantly improve the system performance. The performance of the proposed algorithms is compared with that of existing techniques in the IEEE 14-bus system.


The present invention discloses a class of compounds having high protein kinase G (PKG) inhibition activity and represented by a formula I, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, drug compositions containing the new compounds, and applications of the new compounds in treatment of pain, especially in treatment of chronic pain. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the compound, and a new intermediate, wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and are selected from a group comprising halogen (such as F or Cl), C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl and C2-C6 alkynyl, R3 is a terminal group and is selected from a group comprising H, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and n is the number of the repeating units and is an integer of 0-15. The formula I is defined in the instruction.


A day-ahead market clearing price forecasting method based on the Takagi-Sugeno model and the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is proposed. First, the structure of ANFIS is determined by subtractive clustering; then the premise parameters and consequent parameters of ANFIS are identified by the hybrid learning algorithm; finally, related factors that influence future daily electricity prices are input into the ANFIS to forecast next-day electricity prices. By use of the data of California Electricity Market in 1999, the forecasting model is constructed and the anticipated electricity prices of the next day are implemented. The forecasting results show that the forecasting model established by us is valid.


In this paper,two kinds of adsorbent bed structures of staggered row and shun row were introduced.Based on the experiment,the parameters of air handing volume,air temperature difference between inlet and outlet of fixed bed,the total dehumidification capacity and the bed pressure drop of both fixed bed structures were measured,also the variation trends and related reasons were analyzed.Furthermore,according to the existing problems,the heat and mass transfers for both fixed bed structures were compared and the corresponding solution strategies were given out.


Most of existing approaches for frequency- hopping( FH) signals sorting request that the number of sensors must be more than that of signals,which is always limited in many practical applications. In order to sort synchronous or asynchronous FH networks with sensors as little as possible,this study presents a underdetermined blind source separation( UBSS) algorithm. Due to the time- frequency( TF) sparsity of FH signals,the proposed method is based on the classical two- step method of sparse component analysis( SCA). Firstly,single source point clustering algorithm is developed to estimate the mixing matrix. Secondly,subspace- based algorithm is proposed to separate signals. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can separate FH signals efficiently.


Abstract Retama raetam essential oils (EOs) composition and biological activities were assessed during three developmental periods. The essential oil yield varied significantly among the developmental stages and the optimal was detected at the fresh fruiting stage (0.34%). In addition, EOs composition varied significantly (p < 0.05) according to the different developmental stages. In fact, 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, linalool, and 1-octen-3-ol were the main compounds in the vegetative, flowering, and the fresh fruiting stages, respectively. Developmental stage had also a strong effect on EOs antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. In fact, during the fresh fruiting stage, IC50 and EC50 values of the antioxidant assays were 2 to 3 times inferior to all others stages. Concerning the determination of the diameter of inhibition, a slight to high antimicrobial activity was revealed against 12 bacteria and 4 yeasts. Once again, EOs from the fresh fruiting stage had higher bactericidal effect than those from the flowering and vegetative ones (IZ varied from 10 to 13 mm). The results of this investigation showed for the first time the high accumulation of EOs at the early stages of fruit development making the fresh fruiting optimal stage for the extraction of powerful antioxidant and antimicrobial EOs.


Abstract In a group of 52 patients receiving continuous intravenous heparin, 16 developed thrombocytopenia (platelets < 100 000/mm3). Ten of the 16 patients who had thrombocytopenia had elevated ti...


The paper proposes a robot learning framework that empowers a robot to automatically generate a sequence of actions from unstructured spoken language. The robot learning framework was able to distinguish between instructions and unrelated conversations. Data were collected from 25 participants, who were asked to instruct the robot to perform a collaborative cooking task while being interrupted and distracted. The system was able to identify the sequence of instructed actions for a cooking task with an accuracy of of 92.85 ± 3.87%.


Relation between the amount of reducing sugars in sunflower tissues and their invasion by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.

Reducing sugars (R.S.) were measured with Bernfeld colorimetric method. In the roots, the amount of R.S. increased up to a maximum, then decreased from the beginning of flowering, and remained constant, at a very low level, from the outset of seed maturation. The same evolution was observed, with a delay of one week, in stem bases, but the amounts of R.S. were a little higher. Roots, and thereafter, stems, were invaded by Macrophomina phaseolina only after the minimum level of R.S.was reached.

Varietal differences were observed, in a collection of sunflower hybrids, in response to invasion by M. phaseolina. R.S. levels in stem bases were higher in the resistant than in the susceptible hybrids.


This paper proposes a novel Z-source converter structure. The operating principle of Z-source unit reveals that there are two discontinuous regions in Z-source network. This paper also explores the Z-source converter topology design method, and all potential Z-source converter topologies are derived from traditional and new structure, respectively. Compared to existing Z-source converters, the new converters can reduce the size of Z-source network and system cost greatly. The experimental results on new Z-source inverter verified the analysis.


Yimeng Culture is a form with its own structure and property.The interconnection and interaction of all kinds of manifestations make up the structure of Yimeng Culture.Yimeng Culture Form is a national cultural one with local characteristics of Yimeng region,presenting the characteristics of a profound origin,regionalism,openness,pluralism,diversity,administration,etc.Viewed from historical position,Yimeng Culture Form is the origin of Chinese culture and an extremely important component of Chinese culture.It is a time-honored valuable culture form.


1. The electrophysiological properties and beta‐adrenergic regulation of a non‐inactivating K+ current were studied using the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique (22 +/‐ 2 degrees C) in adult rat ventricular cells. 2. In the presence of 4‐aminopyridine, an inhibitor of the rapidly inactivating current, the depolarization‐activated current consisted only of a slowly decaying outward current (IK). The presence of a non‐inactivating current (ISS) was revealed when analysing inactivation curves. 3. IK and ISS were both sensitive to 50 mM tetraethylammonium and 10 mM 4‐aminopyridine inhibition. IK was totally blocked by 100 microM clofilium, while ISS was not inhibited but rather enhanced by this class III anti‐arrhythmic agent. 4. Unlike IK, ISS was only slightly decreased by depolarizing prepulses and it did not show time‐dependent inactivation when measured during 500 ms depolarizations. 5. ISS was decreased by the beta‐adrenergic agonist isoprenaline (1 microM). Forskolin (10 microM) mimicked the effects of isoprenaline. The non‐specific beta‐adrenergic antagonist, propranolol (3 microM), and a specific beta 1‐adrenergic antagonist, CGP 20712A (0.3 microM), both prevented the effects of isoprenaline. Cell perfusion with 100 microM PKI6‐22, a peptide inhibitor of the cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase, reduced or abolished the effects of isoprenaline. 6. The dose‐response curve for the inhibition of ISS by isoprenaline was positioned to the left of that for the calcium current. The threshold dose and the dose giving 50% of the maximal effect were, respectively, 0.1 and 0.21 nM for ISS and 1 and 4.3 nM for ICa. 7. In view of the high sensitivity of ISS to isoprenaline, its possible physiological effect was evaluated on action potential duration during beta‐adrenergic stimulation. At 1 nM, a concentration that did not increase ICa, isoprenaline induced a significant prolongation of action potential duration as a consequence of ISS inhibition. With 1 microM isoprenaline, the action potential was further prolonged, due largely to an evoked increase in ICa. 8. In conclusion, a K+ current displaying a weak voltage‐dependent inactivation is present in rat ventricular cells. It is inhibited by stimulation of beta 1‐adrenergic receptors and is highly sensitive to phosphorylation by protein kinase A. This current may play an important role in the neuromodulation of excitation‐contraction coupling.


Abstract This paper reports on the results of a research project on 35 teacher candidates in a Canadian Faculty of Education. It challenges the usual explanations of why prospective teachers are ineffective in teaching children of racially and ethnically diverse backgrounds by installing macro and meso levels of social organization that reticulate with presewice teacher education. It reveals that not only do teacher candidates defy generalization as a group, but their positions on education and social difference are replete with inconsistencies even on an individual basis. The process of socialization is fraught with tensions that arise from expectations for teacher candidates to adapt to environments that are themselves embroiled in unresolved and long‐standing dilemmas. How teacher candidates negotiate social differences cannot be understood apart from the tensions they encounter that derive from a range of sources, and from the ambivalent ways they cope with those tensions.


Purpose of this research is to find correlations between Indonesian Traditional 'Wayang Kulit' Puppet shapes and their roles in the story. However, the information needed to achieve this purpose is not digitally archived yet. Consequently the research to find the way of archiving the regarding information needs to be carried out. The methodology proposed here is using the 3D model to recognize the shapes of each part of Wayang hence the classification can be done. However the overlapping lines and patterns between each shape are found to be obstacles. To solve this problem, the same way of thinking in understanding the perspective impression for traditional art/painting from another research report is applied here. The comparison of analysis result is done not as a whole part of Wayang but between each different part of the Wayang to find the correlations with their roles in the story. Further research will be carried out to expand the possibility of creating new designs of Wayang.


A six month case study was conducted in Juba County South Sudan to identify major constraints encountering small ruminant management systems. A total of 45 respondents were administered with questionnaires in the study area. Secondary relevant data obtained from peer-reviewed journals, records and websites. Descriptive statistics and SSPS-20 were used in data analysis. Results revealed that 0Tmajor 0Tconstraints 0T of small ruminants management included inadequate knowledge and skills in improved management practices (19.2%), cost of drugs and vaccines (18.3%) and both pasture scarcity during the dry season and irregular demand for sheep and goat products showed 17.5% compared to inadequate herdsmen (0.8%). Internal parasitic infection showed 44.3% compared to pneumonia (32%) which is more common in both 0TNyarkenyi0T and Lirya Payams. The external parasitic infestations are commonly observed in 0TNyarkenyi0T compared to the other Payams due to poor management system. Livestock diseases were controlled by provision of drugs and vaccines (58.6%) and practiced by most of the farmers in 0TNyarkenyi0T and Rejaf Payams compared to Lirya Payam due to accessibility to veterinary services delivery. Further study is needed for identifying and bridging gap areas of veterinary education and extension services delivery to the farmers for sustainable development of sheep and goats production in Juba County South Sudan. 0T


Introduction: The incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) increases in high cardiovascular risk patients. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a known risk factor for CIN development. In a previous report, we demonstrated that the mean reference renal artery diameter (RVD) is an important determinant of CKD in patients undergoing coronary angiography for ischemic heart disease. However, RVD was never tested as a predictor of CIN. Aim: To look at the predictors of CIN. Methods: A total of 218 consecutive patients undergoing coronary and renal angiography were enrolled from the cohort of the RAS-CAD study (NCT 01173666). CIN was defined as a relative increase in baseline serum creatinine ≧25% within 1 week of contrast administration. Results: The incidence of CIN was 22%. In a fully adjusted model, contrast medium dose (20 ml increase, OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06–1.19, p < 0.001), iso-osmolar contrast media (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.09–0.99, p < 0.05), atherosclerotic renovascular disease (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.32–5.48, p < 0.05), and RVD (1 mm/1.73 m2 increase, OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.41–0.86, p < 0.05) had the greatest effect on outcome and were identified as independent predictors of CIN. CKD was selected as a predictor of CIN only in a model without RVD. Conclusions: In patients undergoing coronary angiography for ischemic heart disease, RVD is a stronger predictor of CIN than CKD.


The sound generated by the interaction of an airfoil and a passing wake was studied experimentally. A square jet was "cut" periodically by circular rods moving across the flow to produce a row of oblique wakes. A circular arc symmetrical airfoil was placed in the flow, and, by means of periodic sampling and averaging, the strictly periodic components of the instantaneous surface pressure fluctuation at different chordwise locations on the airfoil as well as of the radiated sound field were determined. First, the airfoil leading edge was aligned with the wake to obtain a nearly two-dimensional interaction. Later, the airfoil was turned at an angle with respect to the wake so that the wake interaction swept spanwise along the leading edge (three-dimensional flow). All pressure fluctuations, as well as the sound radiation, were found to be decreasing with increasing skew angle between the airfoil and the wake.


Provided is an animal repellant which comprises as an active ingredient a compound which emits an odor which causes an innate fear among animals, to which animals will not become accustomed. Said animal repellent comprises at least one of the following as an active ingredient: a heterocyclic compound shown in general formula 1 or a salt thereof; a straight-chain sulfide compound; or an alkyl isothiocyanate. In general formula 1, ring A represents a 3-to-7-membered heterocycle which comprises at least one of the following heteroatoms: nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen. R1 and R2 each independently represent hydrogen, a halogen atom, an alkyl group which may be substituted, an alkoxy group which may be substituted, an acyl group, a carboxyl group which may be esterified, a thiol group which may be substituted, or an amino or oxo group which may be substituted.


Globalization of the world economy has a differential impact on the development of international integration ties to foreign trade channels, cross-border flows of capital in the form of foreign direct investment on economic growth regions. In the economic literature, much attention is paid to the development of a methodology for assessing the impact of exogenous factors on economic growth. But still not enough studied some aspects of the relationship of foreign trade and economic growth in the Russian regions. Therefore, in this paper, the search for and attempt to quantify the impact of individual factors on economic growth in Russia. The results of econometric modeling of economic growth show the presence of a sufficiently strong correlation between net exports and the parameters of growth of gross domestic product. The findings generally fall within the export-oriented growth model of the Russian economy and allow us to formulate practical recommendations increase the efficiency of the regulatory impact on the determinants of growth on the determinants of growth.


Novel multigraft copolymers of poly(methyl methacrylate-graft-polystyrene) (PMMA-g-PS) in which the number of graft PS side chains was varied were prepared by a subsequent two-step living radical copolymerization approach. A polymerizable 4-vinylbezenyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) monomer (STEMPO), which functioned as both a monomer and a radical trapper, was placed in a low-temperature atom transfer radical polymerization (60°C) process of methyl methacrylate with ethyl 2-bromopronionate (EPNBr) as an initiator to gain ethyl pronionate-capped prepolymers with TEMPO moieties, PMMA-STEMPOs. The number of TEMPO moieties grafted on the PMMA backbone could be designed by varying STEMPO/EPNBr, for example, the ratios of 1/2, 2/3, or 3/4 gained one, two, or three graft TEMPO moieties, respectively. The resulting prepolymers either as a macromolecular initiator or a trapper copolymerized with styrene in the control of stable free-radical polymerization at an elevated temperature (120 °C), producing the corresponding multigraft copolymers, PMMA-g-PSs. The nitroxyl-functionalized PMMA prepolymers produced a relatively high initiation efficiency (>0.8) as a result of the stereohindrance and slow diffusion of TEMPO moieties connected on the long PMMA backbone. The polymerization kinetics in two processes showed a living radical polymerization characteristic. The molecular structures of these prepolymers and graft copolymers were well characterized by combining Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, chemical element analysis, and 1H NMR. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1876–1884, 2002


Introduction In the United States, coal combustion remains the primary anthropogenic source of mercury air pollution (1). Calculations have shown that gas phase oxidized mercury is thermodynamically favored at stack conditions, but recent studies suggest that conversion is kinetically limited (2-5). Efforts to reduce mercury emissions require knowledge of mercury speciation at stack conditions, since the oxidation state directly affects mercury capture efficiencies. Oxidized forms such as HgCl2, for example, are water-soluble and easily captured by wet scrubbers, whereas elemental mercury is insoluble and therefore difficult to remove. Several recent studies have focused on developing an elementary kinetic mechanism for homogeneous Hg oxidation to predict Hg conversion in coal combustion systems. Sliger et al. (5) proposed a four step mechanism that incorporated a global reaction with Cl2. Widmer et al. subsequently presented an 8 step mechanism that included chlorinated species such as HOCl (6). Edwards et al. (3) expanded the Cl chemistry, Niksa and coworkers incorporated NOx chemistry and recalculated several rate constants (4), and Qiu and co-workers further refined the rate constants and expanded the Cl chemistry (7). In each of these efforts, Cl atoms were identified as a key component in the oxidation pathway. While the models have provided considerable insight into possible reaction pathways, detailed experimental studies of mercury oxidation in the presence of important coal combustion product gases such as SO2 and NO in systems with the relevant radical pool are lacking. For example, Hall et al. (8) examined Hg oxidation by HCl in a heated quartz tube using bottled gas mixtures consisting of 10% O2 in N2. Sliger et al. (5) used the product gases from a natural gas flame in a high quench rate system to examine Hg oxidation by HCl. Neither SO2 nor NO were considered in this study. Similarly, Mamani-Paco and Helble (9) examined Hg oxidation by both HCl and Cl2 in the post-flame gases produced by a methane flat flame burner. Insights into reaction pathways were gained from these studies, but there is no information provided on the importance of SO2 and NO. Ghorishi et al. (10) conducted bench scale isothermal experiments to investigate the effects of SO2 and H2O and temperature on mercury oxidation in simulated flue gas mixtures, and found that no Hg oxidation by HCl occurred at temperatures below 250C. At higher temperatures oxidation did occur, but inhibition was reported at 754C with the addition of SO2. As part of an investigation that studied the effects of flue gas constituents on speciation methods, Laudal et al. (11) also examined the effects of SO2 and NO. Results indicated that both SO2 and NO could inhibit Hg oxidation by Cl2. While these studies provide insight into inhibitory effects associated with SO2 and NO, the relevant studies were either performed without SO2 and NO, or with bottled gas mixtures that do not reproduce the radical pool associated with a flame environment. This study was undertaken to address these questions.


The main reasons of forming bottom water cones in the layer have been studied by the real operating three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of oil reservoir BV81-3 of oil and gas deposit A (Tomsk region). Different techniques allowing slowing down the growth of well watering such as determination of optimal position and perforation interval power of vertical well, co-mingled and dual completion production of oil-and water saturated layer zones were considered. The efficiency of dual completion production of water and oil saturated layer zones by a dual well (vertical and horizontal bores) or by two parallel horizontal bores was shown.


This study focuses on the discourse of tolerance and intolerance as represented in two local newspapers in Indonesia, Surya and Bali Post. The two media were selected because of their localities and their unique
audience. Both were situated in tolerant areas in Indonesia, East Java and Bali. The audience was of two different communities, East Javanese, who are mostly moderate Moslems, and Balinese, who are mostly
Hindus. The guiding questions for this research were: (1) how did the media frame the issues of tolerance and intolerance in their news reports in February 2018? (2) What imagined communities were claimed as reflected in the news reports? To answer the questions, eight articles
related to the issues of tolerance and intolerance were selected purposefully, with four articles taken from each. The analysis was conducted in two stages: (1) framing analysis (Entman, 1993, 2007) and (2) content analysis by looking at imagined communities (Anderson,
2006). The results indicate that the news reports supported the idea of peace journalism to mitigate potential conflicts. This supports the government's agenda for Indonesian society to maintain peace and
harmony but it might have also hidden the underlying intolerance in the two localities.


The ring-opening and condensation of trioxane with methanol over the SO42-/Fe2O3 solid superacid to synthesize polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers(DMMn) were studied.The influences of the mole ratio of methanol to trioxane,temperature,pressure and reaction time on the catalytic performance of the catalysts were investigated.The results showed that under the optimum reaction conditions of methanol/trioxane mole ratio of 1.2,130℃,2h,0.1MPa and catalyst mass fraction of 1.5%,the yield of DMM3-8,which are the ideal additives for diesel fuel,could reach to 22%,and the catalyst had good reuse performance.XRD,SEM,NH3-TPD and FT-IR were used for the charecterization of the catalysts before and after reaction.


The shield of medium-voltage-XLPE cables is in general not a metal tube, but consists of several copper wires lying on the outer crepe paper above the insulation. This configuration allows a capacitive coupling between the cable conductor and external conductive objects. In this paper a theoretical consideration of the capacitive coupling using an analytical solution is described and the validity of the results is proofed with numerical methods. For several arrangements the quantity of the capacitive coupling is determined


The invention relates to a metal cleaning method, in particular to a chemical cleaning method of rust-proof aluminum alloy. The method comprises the steps of degreasing, alkaline washing, flushing, actinic operation, flushing and drying in sequence. The method is simple in process and convenient to operate, and raw materials are easily obtained, and cheap. According to the method, oil contamination and oxide skin on the surface of the rust-proof aluminum alloy can be effectively removed, the efficiency is high, the quality is stable, and the chemical cleaning method of the rust-proof aluminum alloy is effective and suitable for batch production.


After being both a designer and a developer, I feel one of the most important factors contributing to the lack of usable interfaces (what I call GUI disasters) and hence software products is the knowledge gap in addition to the three gaps (language, example, and point-of-view) mentioned by Rettig [1]. The lack of knowledge about the importance of design in an increasingly interaction-oriented software environment can cause unusable systems, frustrated users, and budget overruns for managers While a number of technology-oriented companies have realized the importance of having a Human Computer Interface Group, it is still a common occurrence in the industry that usually programmers with some knowledge of GUI tools wear the hats of designers. It is my observation that most programmers get lost in creating tools and widgets that look " cool " (which may be in contrast to the end user's idea of what is cool). The challenge for them is mastering a language or a tool (the means) rather than the purpose for which these tools are intended (the ends). They perspectives Designing in the Real World V. Balasubramanian Some recent articles by Rettig [1] and Winograd [2] have prompted me to write this article about my own experiences with respect to designing in the real world.


The recast of the energy performance of buildings directive stipulates that by 2020 all new buildings should reach nearly zero energy levels (2019 for buildings owned or occupied by public authorities). Therefore technicians involved in the design, conception and approval of such buildings should be able to understand and apply nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) concepts both towards new buildings and the refurbishment of existing ones. However the number of architects and engineers that are able to deal with new technologies and standards might not be adequate to the increasing market demand. Additionally, at European Union (EU) level there are differences in commitment to the EU targets and the construction of nZEB. In this context, arose the SouthZEB project, that is an Intelligent Energy Europe (IEE) funded project, that aims to fill this gap and address the need to develop training schemes to professionals involved in nZEB building process, transferring successful practices and knowledge from front runners to target – Southern EU – countries that are less advanced in this area. This paper presents the project aims and overview.


Penile cancer is an uncommon cancer involving the glans, prepuce or both in over 75% cases. Historically, the standard treatment of the primary tumor has been a partial or total penectomy. Although these are still widely practiced procedures for control of the disease, as our understanding of the natural history of the disease has evolved, the treatment options have broadened, focusing more and more on penile-preserving techniques such as Mohs's micrographic surgery, wide local excision, subtotal and total glansectomy, laser, brachytherapy, external beam radiotherapy and topical application of chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-Fluorouracil. Penile-preserving options are increasingly being used as a first-line treatment, not restricted to Tis/Ta tumors, but for T1, T2 and even T3 tumors in selected cases. The metastatic stage of the tumor does not influence the treatment of the primary lesion. In this review, we discuss the various penile-preserving options currently available and their role in the management of penile carcinoma of various stages.


When Fabio Pusterla depicts the eel of the Rhine − a more-than-human sibling who struggles to snatch a breath while moving through the polluted waters of the river, in the aftermath of the Schweizerhalle environmental tragedy − he is indeed speaking about himself, and humanity as a whole. The path that the poet had undertaken in Bocksten, and which culminates in this poem, had brought him to the conclusion that what remains for human and more-than-human crowds alike is a glimpse, an intuition of the presence and smell of the sea, a memory of freedom, which is equal for all the creatures on earth. This powerful image from Bocksten, one of the masterpieces of contemporary italophone ecopoetry, allows me to introduce the main theme of this study: that of the progressive development of an ecocentric and ecological voice within contemporary poetics, and of its embodiment in the verse of one of the most prominent italophone voices. Although the primary sources analysed are exclusively in Italian, the italophone tradition will not act as a rigid and impassable critical barrier in the ensuing explorations. On the contrary, ecopoetry is read as a phenomenon based in a constitutive translocal and translingual interconnectedness, and as a trajectory profoundly shaped by relational dynamics, which are primary actors in the present literary, cultural, and material space.


The production of hydrogen from the steam-oxidation of iron is a long-known phenomenon. The rise in interest in the production and storage of hydrogen justifies the examination of this process (and of the reverse process, the reduction of iron oxide) for commercial use. Under NREL subcontract ZAR-4-13294-02, a process simulation program was developed and used as a design tool to analyze various configurations of the iron-hydrogen purification/storage scheme. Specifically, analyses were performed to determine the effectiveness of this scheme in conjunction with biomass-derived gasified fuel streams (biosyngas). The results of the computer simulations led to a selection of a two-stage iron oxide reduction process incorporating interstage water and CO{sub 2} removal. Thermal analysis shows that the iron-hydrogen process would yield essentially the same quantity of clean hydrogen per unit of biomass as the conventional route. The iron-hydrogen process benefits from the excellent match potentially achievable between the otherwise-unusable energy fraction in the off-gas of the reduction reactor and the parasitic thermal, mechanical and electrical energy needs of some typical gasifier systems. The program simulations and economic analysis suggest that clean hydrogen from biomass feedstock could cost about 20% less via the iron-hydrogen method than by conventional methods of purification (usingmore » the same feedstock). Cost analyses show that lower capital costs would be incurred in generating clean hydrogen by utilizing this approach, especially in response to the fluctuating demand profile of a utility.« less


Engagement and success are prominent in education discussions, research and policy in Aotearoa New Zealand and globally. Yet, little is known about how successful Tongan science learners define engagement, enjoyment or success, and which teaching and learning experiences have enhanced or detracted from their engagement, enjoyment and success during their studies. This article shares the stories of 26 successful Tongan science learners who participated in talanoa (open discussion without an agenda) about their engagement, enjoyment and success in secondary and university science education in Aotearoa, and, for some, their schooling in Tonga. The Manulua framework (Fonua, 2021) informed how their stories were gathered, analysed and woven together. The article presents the Fata ho poto model to demonstrate how engagement, enjoyment and success are considered by successful Tongan science learners. This model is useful for those increasing Tongan and Moana/Pacific learning achievement. It offers important insights related to the role of education policy and practice in shaping notions of engagement, enjoyment and success among Tongan and Moana/Pacific learners.


The simulation of heat release, flame propagation speeds, and pollutant formation was carried out in both a turbocharged compressed natural gas (CNG) engine and a multivalve naturally aspirated bifuel engine running on either CNG or gasoline. The predictive tool used for investigation is based on an enhanced fractal geometry concept of the flame front, which is able to capture the modulation of turbulent to laminar burning speed ratio throughout the overall combustion phase without introducing flame kernel growth or burnout submodels. The prediction model was applied to a wide range of engine speeds, loads, relative air-fuel ratios, and spark advances, and the obtained results were compared to experimental data. These latter were extracted from measured in-cylinder pressure by an advanced diagnostics technique that was previously developed by the authors. The results confirmed a quite accurate prediction of burning speed even without any kind of tuning, with respect to different currently available fractal as well as non-fractal approaches for the simulation of flame-turbulence interaction. Furthermore, the computational code proved to be capable of capturing the effects of fuel composition, different combustion-chamber concepts, and operating conditions on engine performance and emissions.


The kinetics of colour pigment removal from palm oil using acid activated clay from Nteje has been investigated. To determine the equilibrium adsorption capacity, the effects of temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage and particle size were studied. The experimental adsorption data were analyzed using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and Elovich kinetic models. The pseudo-second order model fitted very well to the kinetic experimental data. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed by Lang- muir and Freundlich adsorption models. The data was in line with the Freundlich isotherm indicating a monolayer adsorption. The activation energy was calculated as 12 kJ/mol, and other thermodynamic parameters were determined as ∆S° = 0.063 J/mol, ∆H° = -34.994 J/mol, and ∆G° = -58.606 kJ/mol. These values indicate that the adsorption of colour pigment from palm oil onto acid activated clay was exothermic and can be attributed to physico-chemical adsorption process.


The invention discloses a storage method for PPT. The method comprises the steps that resource content of each power point in the PPT is extracted; each power point is stored to be a picture; the pictures and the resource content are uploaded to the center control end, and correspondingly stored in the center control end. According to the method, pelletization processing is carried out on the PPT, and the effect of smoothly interacting with other terminals is achieved. The invention further discloses a device used for achieving the method.


Proposing the product design method based on innovative materials technology aim to play better the potential of materials' application and to grasp the future trends of new products development. Combined with the recent typical innovative product cases to demonstrate four innovation design methods: reference, package and adhesion, superposition and integration, variation. These innovation methods' applications indicate broader prospects of materials' use that transformed from the state of "material", the vision and touch of the "quality", and it also play a positive role in new product development.


Chironomid larvae respond rapidly to environmental changes in aquatic ecosystems, with different species possessing different degrees of tolerance. Consequently, this group is considered an effective and reliable indicator of the ecological status. In this study, the relation between larval chironomid assemblages and environmental variables was examined at two sites on the Kolubara River. A nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test did not confirm significant seasonal differences between samples. Correspondence analysis indicated that the study sites are distinguished by their community composition. Based on forward selection analyses, 5 out of 28 analyzed water parameters and 3 out of 22 sediment parameters displayed the highest levels of correlation with chironomid assemblages. Forward selection analysis revealed that inorganic pollutants in the sediment (mercury, nickel and cadmium) exerted the greatest influence on the community. Results of canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the sediment characteristics have a more significant impact on chironomid communities than the analyzed water parameters. Our study confirmed that chironomids and sediment analyzes should be obligatorily included in the monitoring of ecological status, since chironomids are often a dominant component of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in freshwater ecosystems, with many species inhabiting the sediment with a proclivity for intake of toxic and persistent pollutants.


This paper shows how social influences on individual decisions help resolve a public health puzzle—the inordinate effect of geography on treatment. To explain geographical variations, we construct a theoretical model in which physician choices are subject to either local increasing returns or a desire to conform. Small regional differences in the patient mix give rise to divergent treatment patterns—the treatment a patient receives depends on where she lives. The patterns of practice depend, in predictable ways, upon regional demographics. The empirical analysis uses data from Florida on coronary patients and their doctors. The data reveal significant geographic variation in treatment rates along lines predicted by our model. We also find empirical support for the claim that local peer behavior influences a physician's treatment choices. We wish to thank Peyton Young for bringing the geographical variation puzzle to our attention, and for several subsequent discussions. We are grateful to Dennis Epple for comments on an earlier draft of the paper. We also wish to acknowledge participants of the 13th Annual Conference on Health Economics (2002), and seminars at the Brookings Institution, the Santa Fe Institute, the Universities of Iowa, Bergen (Norway) and South Florida. Support from the Brookings Institution and University of Bergen is greatly appreciated. Please address correspondence to: Gary M. Fournier, Department of Economics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2180, U.S.A. Tel.(850)644-7080 Email: email@example.com.


The utility model provides a pipeline sealer, which is characterized in that a sealing device is arranged between an upper and a lower pipe (1,4) to be sealed; the upper pipe and the lower pipe form a certain bending angle. A seal groove is arranged at the end of the upper pipe; wherein, a ring-shaped magnet (2) and a seal ring (3) are fixed in the seal groove. A seal plate (5) of the same shape and size corresponding to the seal groove notch is positioned on the pipe wall of the seal grove via a shaft (6). A quoit is fixed on the seal plate, and seals the seal notch with magnetic force. The pipeline sealer is applicable for the sealing of sewer pipeline and gas pipeline, and has the advantages of convenient operation, good sealing performance as well as efficient prevention of environment pollution.


In the article the attempt of analysis of the state of pedagogical design is undertaken in the conditions of modern school. An author is select basic tendencies and directions of development of pedagogical design, as one of achievements of modern school. The features of decision of discussed question are considered in a practical plane.


Social changes have a feature, namely, they cover all the social space of any society. Social changes are manifested both in the transformation of the institute and in the reflexive change of social practices at the level of the enterprise. Accordingly, the change of the management paradigm and the social relations take place in the social and in labour sphere. In this article the necessity of introducing the social technologies into the practice of management services staff is considered. The author has proposed a classification of social technologies, the staff development technology and the algorithm of implementation of social technologies in the sphere of personnel management. The analysis of the results of the author's research on the problems of social changes affecting the personnel management system and the nature of social dynamics in a team has been given in this article. According to the results of the conducted survey in the observable organizations violation of the principle of social justice and existence of a problem of motivation of the personnel, caused by insufficiently high level of a salary is revealed.


A Pair of Blue Eyes is one of Thomas Hardy?s novels, which tells about the relationships between Elfride Swancourt and Stephen Smith, Henry Knight and Lord Luxellian. The writer states why Elfride Swancourt has relationships with Stephen Smith, Henry Knight and Lord Luxellian and the effects of her relationships with Stephen Smith and Henry Knight toward herself. The thesis writer uses the theories of characterization, conflict and also the concept of love relationship to analyze the cause and effects of Elfride in her relationships with three men. Through her analysis, the writer finds out the causes and effects to Elfride in her relationships. The two gentlemen, Stephen Smith and Henry Knight, have their own superiorities that make Elfride Swancort fall in love. The physical appearance, clever and gentle of Stephen Smith makes her fall in love each other. Yet the cleverness and gentle of Henry Knight who also fall in love toward her makes Elfride confused to make a decision. Elfride is close to marry both with Stephen or Henry; but finally she does not get married with two of them. She gets married with Lord Luxellian. Her motivation in getting married with him is because of his richness. The thesis writer finally finds out that the physical appearance, cleverness and gentleman treatment and also richness are the causes of the relationship and writing romance, a fear of rejection and ignores her social value as the effects of the relationship. Relationship is easily influenced by mood of situation and it is arouses in certain situation with the psychological realization of emotion.


We propose a collective model formalism which describes the strong parity shift observed in low-lying spectra of nuclei with octupole deformations together with the fine rotational band structure developed at higher-angular momenta. The parity effect is obtained by the Schrodinger equation for oscillations of the reflection asymmetric (octupole) shape between two opposite orientations in an angular momentum dependent double-well potential. The rotational structure is obtained by a collective quadrupole-octupole rotation Hamiltonian. The model scheme reproduces the complicated beat staggering patterns observed in the octupole bands of light actinide nuclei. It explains the angular momentum evolution of octupole spectra as the interplay between the octupole shape oscillation (parity shift) mode and the stable quadrupole-octupole rotation mode.


Physical activity exerts a powerful influence on our musculoskeletal health as we age. In fact, some conditions such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia, which are strongly age-related, may be prevented with adequate physical activity participation. PURPOSE: Our aim was to quantify recent and lifetime physical activity participation to determine their relationship with musculoskeletal health and neuromuscular performance in older men. METHODS: Thirty-six healthy older men (69.5 ± 5.8 yrs) volunteered to participate. Past and current physical activity participation was estimated with the Bone-specific Physical Activity Questionnaire (BPAQ) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire, respectively. Neuromuscular performance was determined by calculating impulse from ground reaction forces during a maximal vertical jump. Lean mass, fat mass and regional bone mineral density (BMD) measures were obtained using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporosis was classified according to BMD T-scores, while sarcopenia was identified by relative appendicular lean mass. RESULTS: Participants in the upper tertile for relative impulse exhibited less fat than those in the bottom tertile (29.9 ± 8.3 vs. 20.6 ± 9.3 kg, p = 0.04). Based on absolute impulse, the bottom tertile exhibited lower appendicular lean mass than the middle (26.0 ± 2.0 vs. 29.3 ± 1.5 kg, p = 0.001) and upper tertiles (26.0 ± 2.0 vs. 29.6 ± 2.9 kg, p = 0.001). Participants who engaged in vigorous physical activity produced larger impulse than those not engaged in vigorous activity (193.5 ± 19.1 vs. 172.2 ± 24.7 Ns, p = 0.04). Osteoporotic participants (n = 10) had lower childhood BPAQ scores than non-osteoporotic participants (16.1 ± 19.1 vs. 35.5 ± 24.4, p = 0.03). Sarcopenic participants (n = 7) produced lower impulse during the maximal vertical jump than non-sarcopenic participants (183.2 ± 21.3 vs. 156.7 ± 33.1 Ns, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Superior neuromuscular performance was associated with low fat mass, high lean mass and participation in vigorous physical activity. Further, childhood bonerelevant physical activity could differentiate men with and without osteoporosis. Our results highlight the importance of physical activity during development and aging for lifelong musculoskeletal health and function.


This paper presents an innovative modeling framework able to support planning, management and optimization of waste collection operations in an urban context. A proprietary simulator composed by three functionality modules (Global Positioning System, Data Mining system, Simulator for routing and resource exploitation) was implemented by the authors, and was then validated on a specific set of case studies. This application has been made possible within PLANAGO regional government funded research project and was based on previous experiences of the authors. This approach was also extended beyond the particular application and is now under test in different application fields strictly related to logistics and environmental protection.


Multiple new schemes, new process steps and new intermediate epoxy Mex fluorenone) and (I (Formula I) (Wherein, -AA- is -CHR R R -BB- is -CHR (Formula III) (Wherein, R R


This classroom-based study investigates the relationship between collaborative dialogues and L2 development working in pairs on a collaborative writing task. Specifically, this study focuses on how the students' pair talk exerted a positive influence on their L2 development. Over a six-week period, three pairs with differing levels of L2 proficiency engaged in a two-stage task: pair writing and individual writing. After the task completion, the six participants were interviewed individually. In order to identify the patterns of prominent pair interaction, the participants' pair talks were transcribed and analyzed qualitatively in language-related episodes (LREs). The findings suggested that the patterns of pair interaction significantly influenced the frequency of LREs. Even less proficient peers are able to provide assistance in L2 (English) as well as L1 (Korean) to more proficient peers during the pair interaction. Most students showed positive attitudes toward the collaborative writing. Based on the above findings, it is argued that peer interaction, even in L1, promotes L2 learning by making meaning through creating intersubjectivity between the participating peers. The findings are discussed in terms of the pedagogical implications for the use of collaborative tasks in L2 classrooms.


In this paper, the modified pseudo-ternary M-sequence is designed as the orthogonal code set of bi-orthogonal modulation systems. Moreover, the simple code tracking system using the Delay Lock Loop(DLL) and the modified pseudo-ternary M-sequence is proposed for the bi-orthogonal modulation system. The modified pseudo-ternary M-sequence is a PN code which combines the {0, 1}-valued M-sequence with the Hadamard code. The S-curve characteristic of the proposed system is much the same as that of the conventional 1Δ-DLL system with {-1,1}-valued M-sequence. The bit error rate performance in channel with the Additive White Gaussian Noise is evaluated. As a result, it is shown that the proposed system is superior to the conventional system using the synchronizing PN code. It is found that the bit error rate performance can approach the lower bound of bi-orthogonal modulation system.


Bleomycin (BLM) has undergone extensive investigation both as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent, and as a carrier for radionuclides for tumor imaging. The available methods or the radionuclides used, however, have had limited effectiveness. Although labeling of BLM with /sup 103/Ru has been reported earlier, we carried out a study to develop a more reproducible method of labeling particularly for use with Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer produced /sup 97/Ru. Ruthenium-97 has favorable physical properties that make it ideal for imaging applications: decay by electron capture; ..gamma.. 216 keV, 85%; t/sub 1/2/ 2.9 d. A novel method based on the reduction of Ru/sup 3 +/ to Ru/sup 2 +/ using stannous chloride was investigated for labeling BLM with /sup 97/Ru and/or /sup 103/Ru. In-vitro and in vivo comparisons of the product(s) with /sup 57/Co and /sup 67/Cu-labeled BLM were also carried out. 4 refs., 3 tabs.


In this short note we give an exact count for the number of self-dual codes over a finite field Fq of odd characteristic containing a given self-orthogonal code. This generalizes an analogous result of MacWilliams, Sloane, and Thompson over the field F2 to arbitrary odd finite fields Fq .


Crystal form of N-TiO2/WO3 Nano-Composite material was prepared from urea, commercial TiO2 and WO3 by simple solid phase reaction followed by calcination at a temperature of 400 0C for four hours at each step. The as-synthesized photocatalyst was characterized using XRD and Uv-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra. It was found that the absorption edge of N-TiO2/WO3 was well extended to visible light. The effect of catalyst loading and initial pH on the photocatalytic efficiency of the sample was tested using phenol red as a target pollutant. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the catalyst for the adsorbed phenol red was increased from 61.75-93.87% under visible and 48.01-75.74% under UV as the amount of the catalyst increase from 0.15 to 0.45 gram. Further increase in concentration was found to decrease the degradation efficiency. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of adsorbed phenol red was increased from 55.88-95.23%, under visible and 44.18 -77.32%, under UV as the pH of the solution decreased from 5 to 3. But further decrease in pH was found to decrease the degradation efficiency. The assynthesized photocatalyst was highly efficient under visible irradiation than under UV irradiations.


We study the Riemannian gradient method for PCA on which a crucial fact is that despite the simplicity of the considered setting, i.e., deterministic version of Krasulina's method, the convergence rate has not been well-understood yet. In this work, we provide a general tight analysis for the gap-dependent rate at O( 1 ∆ log 1 ε ) that holds for any real symmetric matrix. More importantly, when the gap ∆ is significantly smaller than the target accuracy ε on the objective suboptimality of the final solution, the rate of this type is actually not tight any more, which calls for a worst-case rate. We further give the first worst-case analysis that achieves a rate of convergence at O( 1ε log 1 ε ). The two analyses naturally roll out a comprehensively tight convergence rate at O( 1 max{∆,ε}log 1 ε ). Particularly, our gap-dependent analysis suggests a new promising learning rate for stochastic variance reduced PCA algorithms. Experiments are conducted to confirm our findings as well.


The essay analyzes the main structure of weak group among graduates.Based on the "man-centered" ideology,it proposes some counter-measures of employment aid mechanism for the weak group among university graduates,that is,to set up and perfect the employment rules and regulations is a key point to solve the difficulty of employment for those weak groups.The university administration should hold market-oriented educational thoughts,set up a permanent and efficient mechanism to channel the employment of graduates with the market requirements.Meanwhile,it must promulgate the advanced deeds on how to be self-supported and self-reliant by those weak groups,help them how to evaluate themselves dialectically,and try to improve their own competitiveness,self-reliance and self-strength.


Statement of the problem. The problem of improving the structural and mechanical properties of warm asphalt concrete using the method of polymer-dispersed reinforcement is considered. The effect of the dosage of the RTEP-M modifier in the mineral part of the mixture on the structural and mechanical properties of warm mix asphalt (WMA) was studied. Results. By preparing a warm mix asphalt with mixing and molding samples at a temperature of 110--120 °C with the RTEP-M modifier at a ratio of 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 1.75 % of the mineral part and control mixtures, the effect of the modifier dosage on the structural and mechanical properties of WMA was studied. By testing the samples, the compressive strength of warm asphalt concrete at temperatures of 0.20 and 50 °C was determined, as well as the indicators of average density, water saturation and water resistance.Conclusions. The effectiveness of the application of the method of polymer-dispersed reinforcement to improve the structural and mechanical properties of warm concrete asphalt has been proven. It is shown that the addition of the RTEP-M modifier to the mineral part of the warm mix asphalt improves the strength characteristics of the asphalt concrete. It has been established that by applying the method of polymer-dispersed reinforcement, it is possible to optimize the properties of warm asphalt concrete for its use in cold or hot climatic conditions within the limits of indicators permissible according to the requirements of regulatory documents.


Dear Sir, We read with much interest the article of Ghanima et al. [1] recently published in your journal and referred to a proposal for a new radiological score to identify the severity of pulmonary embolism (PE). The authors conclude that the score based on most proximal level of clots is related to the severity of PE as determined by levels of hypoxemia, biomarkers and radiological parameters [1]. The authors subdivide the involvement of pulmonary vascular tree in four levels: (i) subsegmental arteries, (ii) segmental, (iii) lobar and (iv) main pulmonary artery. This proposal seems to be very interesting and could be crucial for identifying high risk for adverse outcomes patients with PE. The authors highlight some limitations of their study, one of these being the use of computer tomography (CT) scan for describing the right cardiac dysfunction instead of echocardiography.


Numerical simulations of a spatially developing transitional flow in a vertical channel with one side uniformly heated and subjected to random velocity fluctuations at the inlet have been performed. Two characteristic frequency bands are observed in the flow, near the heated wall. The ability of the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and the time-domain Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (SPOD) to decompose the flow is assessed, and SPOD is shown to be a powerful tool, as it is capable of separating the most energetic modes into two great families whose frequency content matches the frequency bands previously identified. The spatial structure of the modes is described, and their contribution to the turbulent heat transfer and velocity-temperature correlation is evaluated. Finally, the modes are linked to coherent structures that are observed in instantaneous visualizations of the flow, and a scenario of the development of the coherent structures in the laminar-turbulent transitional process is proposed.


The nutrient components of two species of squid named Black squid ( Sepia toda r odes sagittatus) and Argentina squid ( Sepia iuex argentinus ) were determin ed and the nutrient evaluation was also made. It is shown that the two species c ontain nearly the same composition of nutrition. The contents of moisture, ash, protein, fat and calcium in the head and foot are slightly higher than those in their bodies. There is little difference in protein content between the two spec ies of squid, though protein content in the head and foot of Argentina squid is 2 14% higher than that of Black one. Compared with Black squid, Argentina squid has phosphorus content 487 μg/g higher in body and 151 μg/g lower in head and foot. And Black squid is of slightly higher content of calcium and iron than Ar gentina one. In the two squids the protein accounts are as much as 73 8% to 78 8%, while those of fat less than 4 2%, which is quite fit for dried squid p roducts to be processed and stored. The squids are rich in amino acid, especi ally high in Glu. and Asp.. Argentina squid is rich in amino acid content, and i ts Leu. content is slightly over egg protein content.


A ticket booking database stores passenger name records (PNR) consisting travel segment, the method and system database and to store the travel data that matches the electronic ticket consisting of travel coupons (E ticket) are described, the latter of the database, it is controlled independently from the ticketing server. When one travel segment of the PNR is either updated or added always receives the image of the PNR to the electronic regulating services (ERS) is updated. Corresponding E ticket image is requested by the ERS, it is received from the database of the E-ticket. Then, ERS, as E-ticket orphan travel coupons is associated again with PNR orphan travel segment matching between the orphan PNR travel segments and isolated E ticket travel coupons to establish a matrix of links. When the E-ticket is updated, which is re-authentication or re-issued. Optionally, if applicable, to calculate the penalty on the basis of the changes made to re-authentication or re-issued E ticket requests Penalty generator. Next, 該違 Yakukin is added to PNR, which is the updated. .The


ABSTRACT Freedom is a core value centralized in Marxism. When applied to the study of political economy, Marxist freedom focuses, in its ontological sense, on the elimination of all forms of class coercion so that public coordination of individual preferences will proceed in a cooperative way to improve material living standards, reduce the working day, and promote all-round development of personality for all members of society. In its epistemological sense, Marxist freedom stresses the importance of developing thorough theories of social class and the state, so that meaningful post-revolutionary institutional innovations can be implemented to facilitate the ontological task of eliminating all forms of class coercion. While classical Marxist theories of social class and the state provide great insights into the class bias of bourgeois approaches to political economy and the adverse impact of capitalist market economy on human freedom, they tend to be ambiguous about the distinction between the state class and privately propertied class. This theoretical deficiency in classical Marxism was evidenced by a lack of consistent effort to build workers' democratic institutions in post-revolutionary Russia to thwart the rise of the state class in face of objective adversities.


The adsorption of CO at room temperature on well outgassed specimens of MgO gives rise to a large number of bands in the 2200–1000 cm–1 range, which can be divided into two main groups. The bands of the former group are destroyed by oxygen at room temperature: some react instantaneously and are associated with a marked pink colour of the sample; the others are less reactive as they require prolonged contact time in order to be completely oxidized at room temperature (r.t.). The bands of the latter group, far from being destroyed by oxygen, grow when the oxygen-sensitive species are depleted. The oxygen-sensitive species are thought to be negatively charged polymeric CO structures (CO clusters) of the type (CO)x–n, where x= 2 or 4 and n is > 2. The simplest Co clusters (dimers) can be transformed into larger polymers by further CO addition. Under the correct conditions the reverse process can also be carried out. The oxygen-insensitive species have a carbonate-like structure and are present on the surface in fairly constant ratios with respect to the former group species. A chemisorption mechanism leading both to oxidized (carbonate-like) and to reduced (negative CO polymers) species is proposed. The active centres for CO chemisorption consist of groups of ions (both positive and negative) in strongly uncoordinated situations.


A basil-seed-based surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor has been incorporated with a transfer pipet via a plastic chamber to create an integrated portable device, in which the transfer pipet is used for flow injection. A small amount of liquid sample is loaded to the dry basil-seed-based SERS sensor using the transfer pipet. The dry basil-seed can store the liquid sample like a sponge so that the plasmonic silver nanoparticles deposited on the basil-seed keep an intimate contact with the liquid sample containing the analyte, which enhances the sensitivity of the device. The excessive liquid sample is then ejected out of the plastic box by the transfer pipet, leaving the basil-seed-based SERS substrate exposed to air. This reduces the interference of the opaque liquid sample on the SERS signal, and avoids the tedious procedure for extraction of melamine from the milk. As a result, the pipet-basil-seed-based SERS device can be used to detect melamine in milk rapidly. This work has demonstrated a ...