The city of Turin is a privileged place in which to observe the relationship between performative practices and interculturalism, according to a perspective of social inclusion. This paper aims to map and analyse some of the most significant experiences that, during Spring 2018, have promoted the theme of a multiethnic and multicultural community, by means of different strategies and tools. The study draws on a series of case studies, from the 'choreographic frescoes' of Virgilio Sieni who represented, on May 1st, in Torino|Ballo 1945, a community of people of all ages, social backgrounds and origins – to Border Tales by Luca Silvestrini – which investigates the dynamics of multicultural integration in the London of the new millennium, in its most stereotyped forms. Likewise, Gabriele Vacis' Cuore/Tenebra is the first performative outcome of a series of actions promoted by the Teatro Stabile di Torino. Finally, the article focuses in particular on the processes of social construction through the arts that emerge from the projects of Turinese winners of the Migr-Arti Call promoted by MiBAC, including Alma Teatro's La Giovine Italia, Associazione Didee – arti e comunicazione's Altri racconti and Il mondo in una stanza by the Social Community Theatre Centre | UniTo. In the light of these experiences, the city stage puts the performing arts to the test in their challenge to put a cultural policy of reception and inclusion of migrants into practice.


In this paper, the intelligent Stop and Go system (S&G) is designed and implemented for low speed traveling vehicles in urbane area. The human-driving like fuzzy logic control is applied for achieving desired speed and safe inter-vehicle spacing. By proposed intelligent Stop and Go system, the following functions can be obtained including collision avoidance, traffic accidence reduction, driving pressure decrease, and increment of traffic capability. Furthermore, the real car equipped with sensors and a longitudinal controller is provided to demonstrate three scenarios that meet the situations of low speed vehicles in urban area. Three seniors include pedestrian crossing, stop in front of obstacle, and Stop and Go. The application of proposed intelligent Stop and Go system is possible for low speed driving assistance in urban area by our experimental results.


Naturally diseased amago (Oncorhynchus rhodurus f. macrostomus) with swellings of cutaneous erosions or ulcers was histopathologically examined. The following histopathological observations were made. 1) An early stage of infected lesions in the loose connective tissue of the derm showing small bacterial colonies and marked serous-fibrinous exudation, 2) infected lesions in the dence connective tissue of the derm showing degeneration of the tissue and infiltration of mononulear cells, 3) other infected lesions extending through the adipose tissue to the musculature with drastic bacterial dissemination and multiplication in the interstitial tissue, with marked tissue destruction accompanied by hemorrhage and serous-fibrinous exudation, and with mononuclear infiltration and less conspicuous neutrophilic emigration, and 4) metastatic lesions ensuing in visceral organs with small or large bacterial colonies and tissue destruction.From these histopathological observations, we concluded that with this type of diseased fish Aeromonas salmonicida entered the fish through the skin. Especially the lesion with swellings proved to be formed not by suppurative exudation but by the secondary liquefactive digestion of the tissue affected by bacterial infection, provided that the character of the fish nutrophilics was the same with that of the human ones. We also think that bacterial cells were generally disseminated as an infected lesion spread through the musculature and developed into a septicemic lesion, which further caused a secondary septicemia.


Abstract The effect of solute mass on lyoluminescence (LL) decay times of γ-irradiated saccharides has been studied employing photon counting technique over a solute mass range 1—20 mg at room temperature. It is observed that all the decay times increase linearly with solute mass. The decay time of the longest component in each of the saccharides studied increases markedly as the solute mass is increased. This finding suggests that the structure of the solute molecule persists longer as larger solute mass is dissolved.


The goal of the present study was to validate the Child Stress Symptoms Inventory for use with a local population. The participants were 255 children, six to 14 years old, of both sexes, attending public schools, and nine psychologists. The children responded to the ISS-C and the psychologists filled a questionnaire. The results led to a new instrument: The Child Stress Scale. The analysis of reliability revealed a high level of internal consistency (Cronbach alfa). The factor analysis revealed four factors: physical, psychological, psychological with depressive components, and psychophysiological. Factor analysis also showed a high correlation among the factors, leading to a unique underlying factor. The study revealed a significant correlation between individual and group applications. It was concluded that the SSC can be considered a reliable and valid instrument to measure stress in children.


OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of chlorophyllin(CHL) combined with satraplatin(JM216) on the proliferation of human liver cancer SMMC-7721cells.METHODS: Human liver cancer cells SMMC-7721 were treated with CHL(10-5 mol/L)and/or JM216(10,20,40 mg/L) in 24 h,48 h and 72 h.Morphological changes of cells and the cell growth inhibiting rate were detected by methly thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT).Cell cycle and cell apoptosis rate were assayed by flow cytometry when cells were treated.RESULTS: The inhibition ratio of CHL,JM216 and combination group were all higher than that of control group.The inhibition ratio of combination group1,combination group2 and combination group3 were all higher than that in corresponding JM216 group.Proportion of G0/G1 phase in cell cycle of CHL group(55.94±3.49)% was higher than that of control(50.52±2.56)%(P0.05).Proportion of S phase in cell cycle of JM216 group(45.12±1.42)% was higher than that of control(27.60±1.27)%(P0.05).CHL combined with JM216 led to more significant inhibition rate and apoptosis(30.22±3.20)% of SMMC-7721 hepatoma cell than that of CHL alone(13.48±1.63)%,JM216 alone(15.51±2.09)% and control group(1.61±0.47)%,P0.05.CONCLUSIONS: CHL and JM216 can inhibit the proliferation of SMMC-7721cells,and the inhibitory effect is enhanced when CHL is combined with JM216.CHL and JM216 have synergistic effect on tumor suppression.


In everyday life, speech is part of a multichannel system involved in conveying emotion. Understanding how it operates in that context requires suitable data, consisting of multimodal records of emotion drawn from everyday life. This paper reflects the experience of two teams active in collecting and labelling data of this type. It sets out the core reasons for pursuing a multimodal approach, reviews issues and problems for developing relevant databases, and indicates how we can move forward both in terms of data collection and approaches to labelling.


Objective To discuss the value of the capillary loops in the assessment of vessel malfunction and crisis in the transplanted flap.Methods 26 flaps in 20 cases were tested.The FCL was observed 6,12,24 hours and 3,5,7,14 days postoperation.Results In the cases without complication,the number and size of the FCL in flaps were a little larger than the donor skin of the ipsilateral side(P0.05);while in the cases with the veinous malfunction and crisis,the FCL appeared much larger in nubmer and size(P0.05),but it had response to the artery block in venous malfunction flaps,and no response in venous crisis.In the artery malfunction,FCL appeared less in number and smaller in size(P0.05),but it had response to vein block,and for the artery crisis,it had no response at all.Conclusion The observation of FCL is a relatively good method in the assessment of replanted flaps.


The invention provides a speed-transformation device used for an electric automobile. The speed-transformation device is provided with a fork-shaped rod, a synchronous mechanism, a clutch mechanism and a planet gear mechanism arranged on the same line with an input shaft connecting with an electric motor and an output shaft connecting with the wheel. The synchronous mechanism, the clutch mechanism and the planet gear mechanism are arranged in the shell successively. A sleeve of the synchronous mechanism connects with the forked shaped rod. A hub in a spline fit with the sleeve can not be fixed on the shell in the periphery of the output shaft in a rotary manner. A conical part connects with a clutch drum of the clutch mechanism. The clutch mechanism can switch to a connection state and a releasing state of the input shaft and the clutch drum. The output shaft connects with a sun gear. An inner gear connects with a clutch drum. A planet support connects with the output shaft. When the synchronous mechanism is in connection, the clutch mechanism is released. When the synchronous mechanism is released, the clutch mechanism is connected. The speed-transformation device used for the electric automobile in the invention is small in size and has low power loss. Even when mandatory speed transmission to a second speed is realized in braking, the speed transformation can also be realized.


The reaction of chromium hexacarbonyl with arenes yields organometallic complexes of the type (arene)Cr(C0hComplexation to naturally occurring chiral molecules gives diastereomers which can be differentiated by NMR spectroscopy. Typically, the (X.and ~-isomers of (methyl O-methY!;Jodocarpute)Cr(COh have been assigned by using 'H two-dimensional NMR techniques at 500 MHz. Tricarbonylchromium complexes of 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene and of hexaphenylbenzene (HPB) have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The mono-, bisand tris-Cr(COh complexes of C6H3Ph3 exhibit rapid phenyl rotation but (hexaphenylbenzene)Cr(COh displayed restricted rotation. At -80·C, the chromium-bonded phenyl is effectively orthogonal to the central ring and .10# for the fluxional process is :::: 12.2 kcal mol-] (= 51 kJ mol"), a value much lower than those of non-complexed hexa·ary1 benzenes bearing ortho or meta substituents. Sterically crowded chromium complexes of hexaethylbenzene (HEB), (HEB)Cr(COhNO+ and (HEB)Cr(CO)(CS)(NO)+, exhibit restricted rotation about the arene·chromium bond below -IOO·C. In the variable-temperJture DC NMR spectra of (HEB)Cr(CO)(CS)(NO)+ each room temperature singlet observed for the methyl, methylene and arene ring carbons is split into six equally intense resonances at -I OS·C. This provides the first unequivocal demonstration of slowed tripodal rotation in a chromium complex. Two fluxional processes are observed; the lower energy one (.10 11 :::: 9.4 kcal mol" or 39 kJ mol'!) involves intereonversion within each dLrlal and within each proximal set. The second process (.10# :::: 11.4 keal mol'! or 48 kJ mol'!) requires exchange between proximal and dislal environments. iii The prmonation of (HEB)M(COh. M = Cr or W. yields species in which the proton directly bonded to the metal atom approaches along the three· fold axis of the molecule. In less sterically crowded systems the HM(COh fragment is l1uxional and adopts a square-based pyramidal geometry.


We extend Landau's concept of the score structure of a tournament to that of the score sequence of an oriented graph, and give a condition for an arbitrary integer sequence to be a score sequence. The proof is by construction of a specific oriented graph Δ(S) with given score sequence S. It is shown that Δ(S) is transitive and has the minimum number of arcs among the oriented graphs with score sequence S.


Plastics materials have been an integral part in people's daily life due to their high elasticity, formability and lightweight characteristics which are suitable for many products. However, exponentially growth of plastics waste leads to heavy environmental problems due to the plastics nature which is not easily degradable. One of solution to alleviate environmental problems due to plastics waste is to use pyrolysis method to burn plastics waste and convert them into lighter hydrocarbon which can be used as a source of energy. In this final project, the addition of zeolite catalyst in pyrolysis process of Polypropylene plastic waste has been studied in the terms of energy activation. Isoconversional Friedman and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods were used. The results may suggest that the role of zeolite as catalyst is pronounced only in the early stage of pyrolysis process. Keywords: plastics waste, Polypropylene, Zeolite, Friedman, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa


Objective With a GcneChip(R) cxpression analysis,98 known gencs and 31 exprcssed sequence tags (ESTs) were found to be differentially expressed between KK/Ta and BALB/c kidneys.To further screen the susceptibility genes for diabetic nephropathy,the temporal and spatial expression patterns of differentially expressed gene-adipsin were investigated.Methods The body weight,blood glucose,urinary albumin/creatinine ratio,and renal pathological changes of KK/Ta and BALB/c mice were measured at the 7,20,28 and 36 weeks of age.Total RNA was extracted from the kidney,heart,liver,lung,and brain.The temporal and spatial expression patterns of adipsin in diabetic KK/Ta mice were examined by competitive RT-PCR.The correlation analysis between adipsin expression and albuminuria level was carried out.Results The mRNA expression of adipsin was found in the kidney,heart,lung,and brain,but not in liver.The expression of adipsin in diabetic KK/Ta mice at 20 weeks of age was significantly down-regulated in kidney,heart,and lung than that in age-matched BALB/c mice,and unaltered in brain.Adipsin expression in KK/Ta kidneys was significantly down-regulated with aging and negatively correlated to urinary albumin/creatinine ratio( r =-0.807,P < 0.05).Conclusions The expression of adipsin mRNA was downregulated in kidney,heart,and lung in diabetic state.Adipsin expression in KK/Ta kidneys was negatively correlated to urinary albumin/creatinine ratio.It might be a candidate gene for diabetic nephropathy.

Key words:
Diabetic nephropathies/genetics; Diabetes mellitus,Type 2/genetics; Mice


A refined space vector modulation scheme for a six-level inverter system for dual-fed induction motor drive, using only the instantaneous sampled reference signals is presented in this paper. The dual-fed structure is realized by opening the neutral-point of the conventional squirrel cage induction motor. The six-level inversion is obtained by feeding the dual-fed induction motor with asymmetrical three-level inverter from one end and symmetrical three-level inverter from other end. The proposed space vector pulse width modulation technique does not require the sector information and look-up tables to select the appropriate switching vectors. The inverter leg switching times are directly obtained from the instantaneous sampled reference signal amplitudes and centers the switching times for the middle space vectors in a sampling time interval, as in the case of conventional space vector pulse width modulation.


This book articulates and defends a new and original answer to two questions: What are physical quantities and what makes them quantitative? This novel position—substantival structuralism—says that quantitativeness is an irreducible feature of particular attributes, and quantitative attributes are best understood as substantival structured spaces. Physical quantities like mass, momentum, or temperature play an important role in formulating laws of nature and in testing scientific theories. It is therefore important to have a clear philosophical understanding of what makes these attributes special. Traditional views of quantities have either suggested that quantities are determinables, that is, attributes that require determination by magnitudes, or that quantities are in some sense numerical, but neither view is satisfactory. The book shows how to use the representational theory of measurement to provide a better, more abstract criterion for quantitativeness: only attributes whose numerical representation has a high degree of uniqueness are quantitative. The best ontology for quantities is offered by a form of sophisticated substantivalism applied to quantities as structured spaces. Substantivalism, because an infinite domain is required to satisfy the formal requirements of quantitativeness; structured spaces, because they contain fundamental relations; sophisticated substantivalism because the identity of positions in such spaces is irrelevant. The resulting view is a form structuralism about quantities. The topic of the book falls squarely in the metaphysics of science, with contributions to general metaphysics and philosophy of science.


In this paper, we address the challenge of land use and land cover classification using Sentinel-2 satellite images. The key contributions are as follows. We present a novel dataset based on Sentinel-2 satellite images covering 13 different spectral bands and consisting of 10 classes with in total 27,000 labeled images. We evaluate state-of-the-art deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on this novel dataset with its different spectral bands. We also evaluate deep CNNs on existing remote sensing datasets and compare the obtained results. With the proposed novel dataset, we achieved an overall classification accuracy of 98.57%. The classification system resulting from the proposed research opens a gate towards various Earth observation applications. We demonstrate how the classification system can assist in improving geographical maps.


VI TABLE OF CONTENTS VIII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 General awareness 1 1.2 Problem 3 1.3 Preliminary Literature 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 11 Truancy as a part of a comprehensive problem 12 2.


IL28B gene polymorphisms are associated with the response to antiviral therapy in hepatitis C patients in the non-transplant setting.

 To determine the prevalence and impact on clinical outcomes of donor and recipient IL28B genotypes among liver transplant recipients receiving directly acting antiviral therapy compared to those of HCV non-transplant patients.

 This study included 60 patients divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 30 patients subjected to living donor liver transplantation and group 2 included 30 patients of HCV infection. Each group was subdivided into group A and group B according to the regimen of directly acting antiviral therapy (sofosbuvir-ledibasvir, sofosbuvir-daclatasvir). Liver transplantation was done between January 2016 and April 2018. Genotyping of the polymorphism was performed on DNA collected from all donors and recipients in group 1 before and after liver transplantation and also collected from all patients of group 2. Sustained virological response was found in 28 patients in group 1 (transplanted group) and 29 patients in group 2 (non-transplanted group) with no significant difference.

 No significant difference also was found in both groups according to the type of regimen. Also the type of genotype CC, CT and TT of IL28B in donors and recipients were not significantly associated or affecting the results of SVR in both groups of patients.

 Our results support no role of recipient IL28B genotype in the response to directly acting antiviral drugs for hepatitis C recurrence. Interestingly, donor genotype seems not to influence the response pattern in recipients who have different IL28B genotype.


This is a field research that focuses on pesantren as the oldest and original educational institution in Indonesia and has successfully emerged as an independent educational institution. This success cannot be separated from the work and contribution of the kiai in organizing the pesantren. To unravel this theme, there are two formulations of problems that to be discussed, namely, (1) how is the kiai's role in establishing economic independence at the Mambaus Sholihin Islamic Boarding School, Gresik? and (2) what factors shape the economic independence of the Mambaus Sholihin Islamic Boarding School in Gresik? The method used in this study is a qualitative research method with two approaches, including: first, qualitative case studies which emphasize the subjective aspects of people's behavior. Second, symbolic interaction that seeks to understand human behavior from the subject's point of view. The results of this study conclude that the kiai's role in the economic activities of the pesantren is very significant, both because of internal and external factors in shaping the economic independence of the pesantren.


Itis increasingly recognized that cigarette smoke (CS) increases the incidenceand mortality associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), however, the underlying mechanism(s) for this is unknown. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a frequent pathogen causing pneumonia, which is the most prevalent cause of ARDS. Whether CS increases prevalence of ARDS in individuals with P. aeruginosa infection is unknown. We have previously shown that CS increases severity of acute lung injury in mice challenged by lipopolysaccharide. In this study, we demonstrated that exposure of mice to CS either briefly (6h) or sub‐acutely (2weeks) suppressed lung bacterial clearance and exacerbated P. aeruginosa (PA103)‐induced lung edema, inflammation and mortality. CS and PA103 also synergistically increased lung microvascular endothelial cell permeability in vitro. To investigate the mechanisms of CS priming for lung injury, we used the clinically relevant double‐hit mouse model of ARDS induced by CS priming, followed by PA103 infection. We found that CS increased mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial oxidativestress and inhibition of mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress prevented CS‐induced increase in endothelial permeability. CS pre‐exposure did not affect PA103‐induced increase in steady‐state mitophagy, but impaired mitophagic fluxin alveolar macrophages and lung endothelial cells; an effect associated with accumulation of fragmented/swollen mitochondria and double‐membraned mitophagosomes in the lungs and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in alveolar macrophages. We further found that inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling attenuated CS/PA103 double‐hit‐induced lung inflammation and lung edema and improved bacterial clearance, as well as overall animal survival. Our results suggest that CS/PA103 double‐hit injury causes ARDS via enhancement of mitochondrial fission and impairment of mitophagic flux and resultant NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Suppression of mitochondrial fission, improvement of mitophagic flux and inhibition of the inflammasome may be novel targeted therapeutic strategies for smokers with ARDS.


The study and implementation of clean, efficient, and long-lasting forms of new energy are currently the focal point of scientific inquiry all over the globe. Carbon nanotubes are excellent hydrogen storage materials, catalyst carriers, and electronic device components due to their outstanding electrochemical properties and near-ideal one-dimensional nanospace. The periodic structure of the crystal and the surrounding charge distribution can be effectively altered by constructing defects in electrode materials or electrocatalysts, as has been demonstrated in a large number of recent studies. This paper provides a summary of the interaction of carbon-carbon double bonds, an analysis of the electrochemical properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes with various chiral graphene defects, and an investigation of the electrochemical properties of double-walled carbon nanotubes with blade dislocation, spiral dislocation, and their composite structures, all based on molecular dynamics simulation.


C-Al2O3 composite aerogel was prepared by sol-gel method combined CO2 supercritical fluid drying and high temperature thermal treatment process.The variation of pore structure and specific surface area was analyzed based on the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm.The changes in phase structure during the heating process were characterized by X-ray diffraction.The micro-morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy,and the strength was tested.Results showed that the C-Al2O3 composite aerogel had a uniform three-dimensional network without crack.C-Al2O3 composite aerogel was also had a high specific surface area and a super strength after thermal treatment.The strength of C-Al2O3 composite aerogel was up to 9.07 MPa,thus the mechanical property of aerogel material was improved.


In this paper, we describe a laboratory experiment to determine whether peripheral awareness information about a remote collaborator's workload aids in timing interruptive communication. Our results indicate that a display with an abstract representation of a collaborator's workload is best in that it leads to better timing of interruptions without overwhelming the interrupter.


We examine the distribution of the extent of criminal activity by individuals in two widely cited data bases. The Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development records criminal convictions amongst a group of working class youths in the UK over a 14 year period. The Pittsburgh Youth Study measures self-reported criminal acts over intervals of six months or a year in three groups of boys in the public school system in Pittsburgh, PA. The range of the data is very substantially different between these two measures of criminal activity, one of which is convictions and the other self-reported acts. However, there are many similarities between the characteristics of the data sets. A power law relationship between the frequency and rank of the number of criminal acts describes the data well in both cases, and fits the data better than an exponential relationship. Power law distributions of macroscopic observables are ubiquitous in both the natural and social sciences. They are indicative of correlated, cooperative phenomena between groups of interacting agents at the microscopic level. However, there is evidence of a bimodal distribution, again in each case. Excluding the frequency with which zero crimes are committed or reported reduces the absolute size of the estimated exponent in the power law relationship. The exponent is virtually identical in both cases. A better fit is obtained for the tail of the distribution. In other words, there appears to be a subtle deviation from straightforward power law behaviour. The description of the data when the number of boys committing or reporting zero crimes are excluded is different from that when they are included. The crucial step in the criminal progress of an individual appears to be committing the first act. Once this happens, the number of criminal acts committed by an individual can take place on all scales.


Water pollution of surface water bodies is a major environmental issue in India. The largest source of water pollution in India is untreated sewage, originating from domestic, commercial and institutional activities. There is a large gap between generation of waste water and treatment facilities available to treat that water, due to lack of funds and space. In today's scenario, waste water treatment is a challenging task. Technically as well as economically the present study will base on developing modification in conventional Root Zone technology system. The aim of the study was to study cost effective treatment of wastewater i.e. by Root Zone Technology. The study is done on Jedhe More Hostel situated in "ABMSP'S" Campus, Pune. The study investigated effectiveness and feasibility for treatment of wastewater in Hostel. Some physio-chemical parameters such as Biological oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Dissolve oxygen (DO), Where analyzed by standard methods. After treatment and analysation the treated water can be used for recreational activities. The result indicates that Root Zone system works effectively for wastewater treatment.


Using the method of creating a linearized view of the lumen using a plurality of being imaged frame, it is described a system for superimposing and detects and tracks the object. In fact, the lumen has a trajectory of 3D, only 2D projection drawing is available for viewing. Linearized views revealed 3D trajectory, thus, creating a linear map of all points on the trajectory of the lumen as seen in 2D display. In one form of the present invention, the trajectory is represented as a display which is linearized along a one-dimensional. The linearized view is combined also with the lumen measurement data, the result is displayed simultaneously on a single image. In another form of the present invention, the position of the treatment device is displayed in real time on a linear map. In a further extension of this embodiment, the profile of the inner 腔寸 methods also appear in the linear map. .The 30


This paper reports on a mixed methods study which sought to explore the role of physical activity in relation to the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); the impact of a diagnosis of GDM on a woman's life; follow-up support and factors that both hinder and support women to engage in physical activity post-partum in order to reduce their risk of developing future type 2 diabetes. Thirty-eight women who had a pregnancy complicated by GDM completed surveys. In-depth interviews were then conducted with a subset of eight women who completed these surveys, to further explore their experiences. Women reported making changes to their lifestyle to improve diet and engage in physical activity during pregnancy. These changes were harder to sustain after the baby was born. In this study few women underwent the recommended six-weekly oral glucose tolerance testing, and post-partum follow-up support was virtually non-existent. There is a clear role for health promotion across a number of sectors to support sustained behaviour change in this high-risk group of women. Factors are identified that could enhance follow-up support, particularly for lifestyle change.


Since the observation of atmospheric neutrinos by the Kamiokande group 1), some of the underground detectors 2) 3) have confirmed that the flux ratio of neutrino species (νμ + ν̄μ)/(νe + ν̄e) is significantly different from the expected value, although the situation is still controversial 4) 5). The atmospheric neutrino anomaly may have a crucial importance in particle physics, sine it can be interpreted in terms of neutrino oscillations with a large mixing angle and a typical mass squared difference of O ( 10−2 eV2 ) 6) 7) 8) 9). The observation of the zenith angle variaton of the double ratio (μ/e)data/(μ/e)MC at multi-GeV energies is also suggestive 10). It is therefore important to calculate atmospheric neutrino fluxes precisely. Atmospheric neutrino fluxes have been calculated from the incident beam of primary cosmic rays by Volkova 11), Mitsui et al 12), Butkevich et al 13), and Lipari 14) mainly for high energies(from around 1 GeV to above 100,000 GeV). Gaisser et al 15), Barr et al 16), Bugaev and Naumov 17), Lee ans Koh 18), and Honda et al 19) made a detailed calculation of the atmospheric neutrino fluxes for low energies from the primary cosmic rays. On the other hand, Perkins 20) calculated the low energy atmospheric neutrinos using μ-flux observed at high altitude. In this paper, we report the detailed calculation of the atmospheric neutrino fluxes in the energy range from 30 MeV up to 3,000 GeV, corresponding to the observation range of underground neutrino detectors 21). We also discuss the possiblity to interpret the anomaly in terms of neutrino oscillations.


The aim of teaching method of simulating academic symposiums is full arousing students' subjective initiative to strengthen their comprehensive skills such as ability of learning,expression,solving problem through simulating the academic conference.During the teaching practice,the teacher act as the director,students act as the protagonist;the teacher turn auxiliary of learning process from provider of knowledge,and students turn their roles from passively accepting knowledge into voluntarily asking for knowledge.This teaching method has broken the traditional teaching methods of emphasizing teacher,and the teaching practices have proved the method has important realistic meanings in improving the teaching effect.


The invention discloses an integrated passive device with electrostatic discharge protection mechanism, which includes an antenna terminal for receiving and transmitting a wireless signals, a first frequency terminal for receiving and transmitting a signal with a first frequency, a first filtering circuit for filtering the wireless signal, and an electrostatic discharge protection element for conducting static electricity to ground. The first filtering circuit includes a first filtering element with a first end electrically connected to the antenna terminal, a second filtering element with a first end electrically connected to a second end of the first filtering element and a second end electrically connected to the first frequency terminal, and a third filtering element with a first end electrically connected to the second end of the first filtering element and a second end electrically connected to ground. The electrostatic discharge protection element is coupled between the second end of the first filtering element and ground.


Times are tough in the textile and furniture industries. Foreign imports, most notably from China, are dominating segments in both industries. It seems that every time one opens the newspaper, another factory is being closed and its jobs moved overseas.


In this work, we present the analysis of a photopolymerizable system based on pyrromethene dye (PM567) acting as a photoinitiator and HEMA as monomer both of them dissolved in a dry polymeric matrix of PMMA. Previously, we reported the recording of diffraction gratings in this composition, resulting in diffraction efficiencies near 60 % with exposures of 1 J/cm2 in materials with thicknesses around 500 microns. Although, the mentioned response (best) was observed at low intensities but at higher ones lower diffraction efficiencies were reached. Furthermore, in all the studied cases inhibition periods with asymmetrical angular selectivity curves were obtained. Since, in order to solve the mentioned drawbacks, the aim of this work is to analyze the effect of the addition of a crosslinking agent (PETA) in a photopolymerizable holographic material based on a pyrromethene dye (PM567) acting as a photoinitiator and HEMA as monomer both of them dissolved in a dry polymeric matrix of PMMA. For this, diffraction gratings were recorded at different intensities and the energetic evolution of the diffraction efficiency as well as the observed inhibition period were studied as a function of the concentration of crosslinking agent. Moreover, the experimental angular selectivity curves were theoretically analyzed by the model of Kubota and Uchida, and as a result information such as the effective thickness, fringe bending and non-uniform index modulation against the thickness of grating was obtained.


Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were developed for the detection and identification of citrus exocortis viroid (CEV), citrus cachexia viroid (CCaV), and citrus viroid IIa (CVIIa) from nucleic acid extracts of infected sweet orange or Etrog citron. DNA primers (19-24 nucleotides in length) specific for CEV or hop stunt viroid (HSV) sequence were used for cDNA synthesis and specific amplifications of CEV and the HSV-related CCaV (or CVIIa), respectively (...)


Abstract : Topics covered in the Proceedings include Sound Intensity, Structural Intensity, Modal Analysis and Synthesis, Statistical Energy Analysis and Energy Methods, Passive and Active Damping, Boundary Element Methods, Diagnostics and Condition Monitoring, Material Characterization and Non-Destructive Evaluation, Active Noise and Vibration Control, Sound Radiation and Scattering, and Finite Element Analysis. There are also six keynote papers on Aeroacoustics and Atmospheric Sound, Vibro-Acoustic Reciprocity, Underwater Acoustic Scattering, Acoustical Technology for Non-Destructive Evaluation, Future Trends in Modal Testing Technology and Calculation and Measurement of Structure-borne Sound. The papers in this book cover all major topics of interest to those concern with engineering acoustics and vibration problems in machines, aircraft, spacecraft, other vehicles and buildings.


ABSTRACT In accordance with the mandate of the ACT.No. 32 of 2004, ACT.No. 27 in 2009, and PP.No. 16 in 2010 that the LEGISLATORS have the functions, duties and authority to conduct surveillance against the implementation of regional development. But in many of the common phenomenon of LEGISLATIVE oversight showed that the maximum so that the implementation of regional development programmes are frequent irregularities and abuses. With respect to these problems then this research aims to find out how the performance of LEGISLATIVE KabupatenTalaud the supervision of regional development. This study uses qualitative methods. Data sources informants in research is taken from the pimpinananggota elements of the Talaud Islands Regency DPRD Commission II (5 people) and Chairman of the local government agencies (DinasBadan) partner Commission II (5 persons), totaling 10 people. Primary data collection using interview techniques. While data analysis using qualitative analysis techniques, interactive model of the Miles and Hubernan. The research results obtained representation: (1) supervision of the DPRD Talaud Islands Regency in the determination of the kebijakanprogramproyek regional development implemented through work meetings of Commission II with every regional government agency partners in order to conduct the deliberations of the draft programproyek which will be included in the BUDGETS; (2) supervision of the Talaud Islands Regency LEGISLATORS against the implementation of the regional development programproyek is implemented through work meetings and hearings of Commission II with partner agencies in order to discuss the implementation of the liability report programproyek, as well as through the work of Commission II's visit to the site of programproyek development. Based on the analysis of the data shows that supervision of the DPRD Talaud Islands Regency of regional development in principle have been conducted with quite effective, efficient, transparent, and accountable. Therefore drawn the conclusion that the performance of the Talaud Islands Regency DPRD in monitoring regional development is quite good Conclusion based on the results of the study suggested that to improve the performance of LEGISLATIVE supervision in Talaud Islands Regency regional development then it is recommended that: (1) the Commission II (areas of development) the DPRD to be filled in by the people who have competence in the field of administrasimanajemen development; (2) the DPRD members personnel placed on Commission II (areas of development) to be given training in the field of administrasimanajemen development in the early period; (3) the working relationship of Commission II (development areas) with a partner agencies should be more intensive, especially through work meetings and hearings. Keyword: Performance Of Legislators; Supervision Of Regional Development.


The root cause analysis, determination of the extent of concrete defects and identification of an appropriate repair strategy can be straightforward, but it also often provides significant challenges to both contractors and engineers. The challenges can be due to a lack of QA/QC documentation, locally available investigation equipment, repair material and techniques and accepting actually feasible solutions.
The paper presents a case study of a bridge in the Middle East where the root cause analysis was found to be straightforward but the determination of the extent of non-visible defects and the implementation of a feasible repair strategy proved to be much more complicated. The root cause analysis of the defects was carried out by visual inspection, representative intrusive investigations and a comprehensive document review. The determination of the extent of the defects using GPR techniques proved to be challenging under the local conditions. Even more difficulties were encountered by implementing the developed repair strategies to address the various defects to ensure that the required 120 years design life in a very aggressive environment can be achieved. Several revisions to the repair strategy were necessary to identify the most appropriate solution and to accelerate the programme.


Twenty-one patients with steroid-dependent asthma were treated by inhalation of .8 mg per day of triamcinolone acetonide. Nineteen patients reported substantial symptomatic improvement despite reduction of the dose of oral steroids, and in 16, oral steroids were discontinued entirely. Twelve of the patients measured peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) 4 times per day before and during therapy, and the average of each of the 4 measurements was higher during the first 1 to 2 weeks of treatment than during a similar period of placebo administration. Double-blind crossover trial was performed in 12 patients, 8 of whom were taking a constant dose of prednisone throughout the study. Eleven patients reported symptomatic improvement while receiving active drug, and in 9, PEFR was significantly higher. For the group as a whole, PEFR was higher while receiving drug than while receiving placebo (P < 0.001). Thirty-four patients have been treated with triamcinolone acetonide for from 3 to 12 months. Of 32 patients who h...


A very high-sensitivity 107 mm radar has been brought into operation for meteorological studies of airflow within the optically clear (or cloudy) atmosphere. One application of this radar has been to observe the detailed three-dimensional structure of lee waves, using backscatter from both refractive index inhomogeneities and cirrus 'clouds' as means of tracing the pattern of airflow. This paper presents case studies showing how the radar has revealed the structure of lee waves downwind from the Welsh mountains. One of the case studies illustrates a steady-state wave pattern, another illustrates an unsteady pattern with waves varying in orientation and wavelength, another illustrates a strongly damped wave pattern, and a final one illustrates two families of waves co-existing at different altitudes. The radar method is shown to provide a direct and elegant technique for measuring lee wave properties. Although it depends on the presence of naturally occurring targets to trace the airflow pattern, such targets are found to be abundant in situations of strong lee wave activity.


Introduction The influence of Socioeconomic (SE) status on delayed reporting and consequent complications in cases of Chronic Otitis Media-squamous (COMS) has been investigated. Materials and Methods This prospective observational study included 34 patients with complicated COMS who presented to Otolaryngology Department at a tertiary care teaching hospital between December 2012 and December 2016. The patients were classified into 5 classes namely upper, upper middle, lower middle, upper lower, and lower based on a standardised real-time Kuppuswamy's SE status scale (KS) taking an average of consumer price indices for Industrial workers over 4 years (Jan '12 to Dec '16) as 267 and calculating their incomes. Level of education and occupation of the head of the family were the other components of KS which was calculated for each presenting patient. Results Of the 34 patients, 15 were males (44%) and 19 females (56%) with their ages ranging from 18 months to 61 years (Mean-24.1 years, SD-17.3). 15 of the 34 patients (44.1%) were in the Upper-lower SE class as per KS Scale, 13 were in lower-middle class (38.23%), 5 were in Upper-middle class ( 14.70%) and 1 patient belonged to Upper class (2.9%).  Though the literacy levels are integral to KS Scale a differential analysis showed 23 of the 34 patients/guardians had education level poorer or equal to Intermediate high school (67.64%). The time gap between onset of symptoms of COMS and presentation with complications of COMS ranged from 9 months to 8 years with a mean time gap of 3.48 years (SD-2.01). There were 24 Extra-cranial complications and 21 Intra-cranial complications with 10 patients having more than one complications. There was a strong inverse correlation between Time gap and composite KS (-0.51). A differential analysis showed that Time gap most strongly correlated with Education level of the head of the family (-0.615), followed by total family income (-0.403) and occupation of the head of the family (-0.329).  Conclusion There is a strong association between the SE status of the family and the occurrence of complications in COMS that is otherwise highly amenable to successful management. Level of education, nature of employment and family income that constitute KS scale have significant inverse correlation with delayed reporting and consequent complications of COMS. Level of Education is the greatest influence on the time gap.


ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the antiplasmodial activity of three different solvent extracts of Sargassum tenerrimum against Plasmodium falciparum. Methods: The seaweed species of S. tenerrimum were collected from Rameshwaram, Southeast coast of India. The collected samples were dried and extracted with three different polaritic (hexane, acetone, and ethylacetate) solvents and tested against P. falciparum parasite strain. Results: Acetone extract exhibited better activity than the other two extracts. The inhibitory concentration values of acetone S. tenerrimum were found to be 27.82 and 18.14 µg/ml at 24-48 hrs, respectively. S. tenerrimum crude extracts were subjected for the phytochemical analysis, and it showed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, amino acids, and phenol compounds. The gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy result reveals that the presence of 10 major and minor compounds in the S. tenerrimum extract. In that, cyclotrisiloxane hexamethyl compounds might be responsible for the effective parasite suppression. 50 Conclusion: It can be concluded from the present study that the acetone extract of S. tenerrimum has strong antiplasmodial activity. Furthermore, the study has been extended to the isolation of the possible active compounds that is responsible for the antiplasmodial properties. Keywords: Antiplasmodial assay, Different polaritic solvents, Plasmodium falciparum, Sargassum tenerrimum.


In this issue of APJCP, Akhtar and colleagues (16: 3; 2015) published an interesting report and highlights an important issue of interferon plus ribavirin therapy response against different HCV genotypes. The study included 3,800 HCV patients who were treated with interferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for 6-months and were followed for therapy response. The results showed that 97% (3,677) patients showed sustained virological response (SVR) while 3% (123) patients were nonresponders. In next round of therapy Peg-interferon and ribavirin was used to treat non-responders (123) and relapsed (5) patients for next 6 months, which resulted into elimination of HCV RNA from 86% of these patients. These results enlighten the future potential of interferon therapy usage in Pakistan in era of direct acting antiviral agents (DAA). DAA provide new opportunities for HCV treatment and resulted in increased SVR and avoids the side effects of interferon treatment. Several DAA including simeprevir, boceprevir, telaprevir, asunaprevir (NS3/4A inhibitor), daclatasvir (NS5A inhibitor), Sofosbuvir (NS5B polymeraps inhibitor) showed promising results and resulted in shorten therapy duration (Gane, 2014). These DAA can be used in combination regimens with or without ribavirin. Although these combinations of DAA resulted in increased SVR but the cost is too high. For example, the cost of 12 and 24 week course of US-FDA approved sofosbuvir, an NS5B inhibitor is about $84,000 and $168,000 respectively (Amer et al., 2014) while 12 week therapy of simeprevir and sofosbuvir will cost $150,000 (Gane, 2014). Pakistan ranked second in the world in term of HCV burden with more than 10 million infections (Afzal et al., 2014 a,b). Pakistan is a resource constrains country with very low per capita income. The total expenditure on health is just 2.7% of GDP (WHO, 2012) and the endemics of dengue and polio virus also results in shifting of priorities. The results of recent studies showed that irrespective of the HCV genotype SVR rate of interferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin is quite good (80-97%) in Pakistan (Akhtar et al., 2015; Ahmad et al., 2012; Ahmad et al., 2013). In Pakistan major prevalent HCV genotype (3a), which is generally considered a good responder of interferon therapy, host and viral factors cumulatively favors therapy response (Afzal et al., 2011, 2013, 2014; LETTER to the EDITOR


Abstract A recent polarimetric survey of OH masers in a large sample of AGB and post-AGB stars revealed widespread occurrence of polarized features. We made a statistical analysis of the polarization properties of this large data set. We discuss the alignment of polarization position angles between the extreme blue- and red-shifted parts of the 1612 MHz spectrum. The average polarization angle of OH masers from the opposite sides of the envelope agrees within 20° for 80% of the sources in the sample. For two objects monitored over ~6 years the polarization position angle at 1612 MHz is constant within measurement uncertainties: this suggests a stable and a very regular structure of the circumstellar magnetic fields. Alternatively, this could indicate a galactic origin of the field which may be amplified by the stellar wind in the outermost parts of the envelopes.


Nine species of mosquitoes were encountered during the study period. Ae. aegypti was the most abundant species constituting 75.39% of the total larvae collected followed by Culex quinquefasciatus (7.92%) and Aedes metallicus (6.83%). Other species were Aedes circumleteolus (6.54%), Culex dutoni (1.62%), Aedes albopictus (0.85%), Aedes taylori (0.74%), Aedes caballus (0.08%) and Aedes myormioformis (0.04%). Black containers harboured the highest number of larvae (32.12%) followed by yellow (24.01%), green (23.39%), red (15.40%) and white (5.00%) containers. Bamboo stumps bred the highest number of larvae (60.66%) followed by calabash gourd (26.04%) and plastic (13.27%).


A protest movement that began in October 2019 has spurred millions of Chileans to demonstrate against cost-of-living increases imposed by the centre-right government, but also against social and economic inequality more broadly. The government has come under fire for its heavy-handed repression of the protests, and now faces a referendum in which the public will have the choice to preserve the country's dictatorship-era constitution, or replace it and potentially upend the status quo.


"'Amputation': one of the meanest, yet one of the greatest operations in surgery; mean, when resorted to where better may be done-great, as the only step to give comfort and prolong life." With these words Sir William Fergusson (quoted by Gordon-Taylor, 1955) gave his succinct views on amputation. Few surgeons would quarrel with this assessment. They would agree that 'having saved the patient's life by operating, or at least having made his life bearable, their main duty is to fashion a stump that can readily be fitted with a prosthesis. The sufferer can thus fend for himself, and may well be able to live a useful and comparatively active life. It is accepted that in peacetime the majority of amputees will be elderly, and that the commonest cause for amputation is advanced atherosclerosis affecting the lower extremity. At the same time it must be added that the duty of the limb-fitter is to produce a satisfactory prosthesis to fit the stump, rather than the stump being fashioned to fit a standard prosthesis. As trends in surgery change and advance, so must limb-fitters alter their difficult art. Our experience with the Gritti-Stokes amputation has convinced us that it is technically superior to the standard above.knee amputation, which, in the experience of many surgeons, is slow to heal and leaves an elderly patient with a short stump that is mechanically at a disadvantage both for wielding a prosthesis and for sitting in a chair. We have also found that artificial limbs for Gritti-Stokes amputees, as fitted at present, fall far short of the ideal. The difficulties stressed by the limb-fitting centres in this country (Gillis, 1961a) might well be overcome if a more satisfactory prosthesis could be designed. We believe that this is possible (Harris, 1962). Our experience with a small series of cases is recorded below, and as a result we have been encoLiraged to continue with this operation.


Tannery effluents one of the most polluting industrial wastes. The effluent contains chromium, arsenic, zinc, cadmium, copper and mercury it's accumulating into water bodies and agriculture field causes serious problems. In this study the sample was collected from Vellore District, Tamil Nadu and ten heavy metal resistant bacterial isolate s were identified. The bioremediation of heavy metals using microorganisms has received a great deal of attention in recent years, not only as a scientific novelty but also for its potential application in industry. Three categories were used to remediate the tannery effluents followed by Bioaccumulation (Living Cell), Biosorption (Dead cell) and Immobilization. Immobilized bacterial cell has great value to remediate the heavy metals compare to others.


In 2018, 110 years have passed since the birth of Vladimir Pavlovich Efroimson (1908–1989). Efroimson studied at the biological department of Moscow University, in 1929 was expelled for the support of S.S. Chetveryakov. In December 1932 he was arrested. Since 1935 works in the Central Asian Institute of Sericulture, but in August 1937 he was dismissed from the Institute for his performance in defense of "Mendelism-Morganism". In the same year he was declared an enemy of the people, and he leaves for Ukraine. During this period he wrote a book on "Genetics and breeding of the silkworm". In May 1941, Efroimson defended his Ph.D. thesis at Kharkov University and went to the front. Rewarded by the Red Star and Patriotic War II degree. After the war, Efroimson returned to Kharkov University as an assistant professor of the Department of Darwinism and Genetics. In 1947 he defended his doctoral dissertation on the problems of evolutionary genetics and breeding of the silkworm. In 1951 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison. After rehabilitation he returns to Moscow and works as a bibliographer. In 1967, he received the title of professor and worked in the Institute of Psychiatry. He published a number of monographs, among them "Genetics of Oligophrenia, Psychoses and Epilepsy". His well-known books on medical genetics, anthropogenetics, gene determination of intelligence and behavior: "Genius and Genetics", "Genetics of Ethics and Aesthetics", "Pedagogical Genetics".
Keywords: genetics, history of science, V.P. Efroimson.


The invention provides a sealing ring for an anesthetic vaporizer, the anesthetic vaporizer and an anesthesia machine. The sealing ring for the anesthetic vaporizer comprises a sealing ring base body (101) and an isolation layer (102) coated at the external surface of the sealing ring base body (101). By the sealing ring, the problem that the sealing ring in the prior art is complex in structure and higher in cost can be effectively solved.


The tribe Meteorini (Cresson, 1887) (Braconidae: Euphorinae) of Northern Iran was
studied. The specimens were collected using Malaise traps during 2010 and 2011. A total
of 13 species were collected and identified, among them eight species viz., Zele albiditarsus
Curtis, Meteorus alborossicus Lobodenko, M. breviantennatus Tobias, M. cinctellus (Spinola), M.
colon (Haliday), M. consimilis (Nees), M. ictericus (Nees) and M. vexator (Haliday) were
recorded for the first time from Iran, including new records, number of Meteorini species
in Iran is now raised from 6 to 14. Detailed morphological characters for the recorded
species and an identification key to the known Iranian species of Meteorini are provided.


The invention discloses a charge pump circuit, which comprises a bias unit, a first charging and discharging unit, a first complementary circuit unit and a first operational amplifier unit. The charge pump circuit is characterized by also comprising a second charging and discharging unit, a second complementary circuit unit and a second operational amplifier unit. According to the charge pump circuit, charging and discharging currents are adjusted and compensated through the first complementary circuit unit, the second complementary circuit unit, the first operational amplifier unit and the second operational amplifier unit, so that the charging and discharging currents are strictly equal and kept constant in a high voltage range. By adding a charge adjusting tube, the charge injection effect is reduced, and the charging and discharging current precision of a charge pump is effectively improved; and the charge pump circuit is simple in structure, easy to integrate and high in charging and discharging current source matching precision, and is particularly suitable for low voltage and low power consumption application.


Kernel fuzzing is an effective technique in operating system vulnerability detection. Fuzzers such as Syzkaller and Moonshine frequently pass highly structured data between fuzzer processes in guest virtual machines and manager processes in the host operating system to synchronize fuzzing-relevant data and information. Since the guest virtual machines' and the host operating system's memory spaces are mutually isolated, fuzzers conduct synchronization operations using mechanisms such as Remote Procedure Calls over TCP/IP networks, incurring significant overheads that negatively impact the fuzzer's efficiency and effectiveness in increasing code coverage and finding vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose Horus, a kernel fuzzing data transfer mechanism that mitigates the aforementioned data transfer overheads. Horus removes host-VM memory isolation and performs data transfers through copying to and from target memory locations in the guest virtual machine. Horus facilitates such efficient transfers through using fixed stub structures in the guest's memory space, whose addresses, along with the guest's RAM contents, are exposed to the host during the fuzzer's initialization process. When conducting transfers, Horus passes highly-structured non-trivial data between the host and guest instances through copying the data directly to and from the stub structures, reducing the overall overhead signficantly compared to that of using a network-based approach. We implemented Horus upon state-of-the-art kernel fuzzers Syzkaller, Moonshine and kAFL and evaluated its effectiveness. For Syzkaller and Moonshine, Horus increased their transfer speeds by 84.5% and 85.8% for non-trivial workloads on average and improved their fuzzing throughputs by 31.07% and 30.62%, respectively. Syzkaller and Moonshine both achieved a coverage speedup of 1.6 × through using Horus. For kAFL, Horus improved specifically its Redqueen component's execution speeds by \(19.4\% \) .


OBJECTIVE The purpose was to test the hypothesis that the HLA-DQαβ heterodimer structure is related to the progression of islet autoimmunity from asymptomatic to symptomatic type 1 diabetes (T1D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Next-generation targeted sequencing was used to genotype HLA-DQA1-B1 class II genes in 670 subjects in the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1). Coding sequences were translated into DQ α- and β-chain amino acid residues and used in hierarchically organized haplotype (HOH) association analysis to identify motifs associated with diabetes onset. RESULTS The opposite diabetes risks were confirmed for HLA DQA1*03:01-B1*03:02 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.36; P = 2.01 ∗ 10−3) and DQA1*03:03-B1*03:01 (HR 0.62; P = 0.037). The HOH analysis uncovered residue −18β in the signal peptide and β57 in the β-chain to form six motifs. DQ*VA was associated with faster (HR 1.49; P = 6.36 ∗ 10−4) and DQ*AD with slower (HR 0.64; P = 0.020) progression to diabetes onset. VA/VA, representing DQA1*03:01-B1*03:02 (DQ8/8), had a greater HR of 1.98 (P = 2.80 ∗ 10−3). The DQ*VA motif was associated with both islet cell antibodies (P = 0.023) and insulin autoantibodies (IAAs) (P = 3.34 ∗ 10−3), while the DQ*AD motif was associated with a decreased IAA frequency (P = 0.015). Subjects with DQ*VA and DQ*AD experienced, respectively, increasing and decreasing trends of HbA1c levels throughout the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS HLA-DQ structural motifs appear to modulate progression from islet autoimmunity to diabetes among at-risk relatives with islet autoantibodies. Residue −18β within the signal peptide may be related to levels of protein synthesis and β57 to stability of the peptide-DQab trimolecular complex.


The practice of placing martyrs' photographs on tombstones has become particularly widespread in Iran since the late 1970s: a practice which is directly linked to sociopolitical realities, characterized by revolutionary protest and war. The self-sacrifice of modern martyrs of revolution and war is ideologically related to the martyrdom of the Shiite saints, whose example they have emulated. In this article, I situate contemporary martyrs' grave images culturally and historically in the Shia visual culture of Iran, and discuss two other genres of commemorative images, the saintly martyrs' portraiture and portraits of diseased and sick members of the local community. The presence of the three genres of portraiture in contemporary Iranian public life invites questions such as, how is portraiture used in the memorial culture other than in the politicized martyrdom culture, what are viewers of saintly martyrs' portraiture invited to remember, why is it important to remember the saints' sacrifice, and how does the politicized martyrdom culture relate to non-politicized aspects of memorial culture? I suggest the iconographic rendering of saintly martyrdom is able to convey what are held to be meta-historical truths about the battle at Karbala. Contemporary martyrs' portraiture represents a historical interpretation of those truths in which martyrdom is emulated. The portraiture of diseased and sick members of the local community relates to the meta-historical truth regarding saintly intervention.


Objective. To carry out a pharmacoeconomic analysis of the antihypertensive therapy in elderly patients of high cardiovascular risk by the means of the method assessing «expenses benefits», cost minimization, the increment of cost efficiency. Results. The cost of the daily efficient dose of the original (Renitec, MSD) and generic Enalapril (Hemofarm) was 6,54 and 7,25 rubles, respectively. Minimal coefficient «expenses benefits» was defined in the group of patients receiving two drug combination therapy including original Enalapril (Renitec, MSD) compared to combination of three drugs including generic Enalapril (Hemofarm) while the antihypertensive effect was comparable. The cost efficiency increment (CER incr) was 169,12 rubles regarding original Enalapril (Renitec, MSD) benefit.


To provide reference data for normal children, serum immunoreactive erythropoietin (siEp) was estimated by radioimmunoassay in samples from 130 healthy children, 57 girls and 73 boys, with ages between 1 month and 16 years. In 128 of the children the (geometric) mean siEp was 15.8 miu/ml (iu: international units) with 95% range (the range within which 95% of the observations are predicted to fall) 9.1–27.6 miu/ml. There was no relation between siEp and the variables haemoglobin (Hb), PCV, age and sex. There were two outliers, both girls, aged 9.5 and 9.8 years. in whom siEp was >256 miu/ml. In both, Hb and PCV were normal and we are unable to account for these atypical findings.


Greek and Roman religion presented numerous afterlife scenarios. Some focused on models of where the dead dwelled and on the processes (like posthumous judgment) that could affect them.

Keywords:

Greek history;
religion;
Roman history


This work aims at investigating the conversion of Cu2O/Cu nanoparticles, prepared by green synthesis using artichoke extract, with ascorbic acid (AA) in one-bath process: a totally green method for production of pure Cu particles. Different pH values of the solution were studied to assess the conversion to Cu phase particles. It was found that by using the optimum synthesis conditions for the production of Cu2O/Cu nanoparticles and adding at the end of the synthesis AA, the conversion of Cu2O phase to pure Cu phase was possible when the pH of the solution was 8 or 10, but not when it was 12. The size of particles increased from nano to micron-sized after adding AA and multi-shaped particles with spherical, triangular, cubical and rod like shapes were formed, depending upon the pH of the synthesis solution. The electrical resistivity of the obtained pure Cu microparticles was studied after low-temperature sintering at different times and after preparing compact powder discs. After sintering for 30 min at 180 °C, discs showed resistivity of 2.9 × 10–3 Ωcm and after sintering for 60 min at 180 °C the resistivity lowered to 5.1 × 10–4 Ωcm. It can be concluded that the low resistivity of powder discs mainly depended on the size of Cu particles and sintering time, when using a fixed sintering temperature. The present synthesis of pure Cu phase microparticles is simple, convenient, environmentally friendly, cost-effective, it does not use inert gases, it is performed in aqueous media and the produced Cu particles are suitable for low electrical resistivity applications.


We present a method for producing nano- to submicron scale, chemically heterogeneous surface patterns using an Ar ion mill. To observe the effects of the pattern on dewetting, thin films of PS and ...


Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): University Clinic Hospital of Valencia

 The assessment of cardiac sympathetic innervation by 123I-metayodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) has proved useful in patients with heart failure and neurodegenerative disorders. The standard quantification of global cardiac uptake is to obtain the heart to mediastinum (HM) ratio in planar images, while SPECT images provide better evaluation of regional extent of denervated areas. Although low energy (LE) collimator has been widely used in these patients, septal penetration of high-energy photons of 123I could affect image quality and quantification accuracy. We have compared in the same patients the effect of collimator type on image quality and quantitative assessment of HM ratio.

 In a group of 14 patients (11 men, 57-77 y/o, 66.4 ± 5.6) submitted for cardiac sympathetic study, we obtained successive planar anterior chest images 4h after the IV administration of 10 mCi of 123I-MIBG with a low-energy-high-resolution (LEHR) and a medium-energy (ME) collimators. Images were obtained with the same gammacamera Brightview Philips for 10 min on 256x256 matrix, with 159 Kev photopeak and unchanged patient position. For quantification of HM ratio, we use in each patient the same manual heart ROI and rectangular upper mediastinum ROI in the two acquired images to obtain the corresponding HM ratio.

 The image quality was better in all the patients with ME collimator acquisition than with LEHR collimator acquisition, and the HM ratio showed higher values with ME: 1.65-2.61 (mean 2.15 ± 0.28) than with LEHR: 1.27-1.85 (mean: 1.51 ± 0.18) with a mean difference of 0.64 ± 0.15 (0.38-0.88) between ME and LEHR and a mean ratio LEHR/ME of 0.70 ± 0.04 (0.64-0.79). In 9 patients with HM ratio ≤ 1.60 obtained from LEHR collimator acquisition, the mean difference with HM ratio obtained with ME collimator was 0.61 ± 0.12 and mean ratio LEHR/ME was 0.69 ± 0.03 and in 5 patients with HM ratio(LEHR) >1.60, mean difference with HM ratio(ME) was 0.69 ± 0.19 and mean ratio LEHR/ME was 0.71 ± 0.02.

 Use of a ME collimator provides better image quality than LEHR collimator in planar images and higher values of HM ratio, providing a more accurate quantification of cardiac uptake in the patients submitted for evaluation of cardiac sympathetic innervation by 123I-MIBG, and could also improve the evaluation of regional impairment and extent of denervated areas by SPECT.


Working capital management is a very important component of corporate finance because it directly affects the liquidity and profitability of the company. It deals with current assets and current liabilities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between working capital management and profitability for 15 manufacturing companies listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange over a period of 2011 to 2015, using panel least squares regression. The results indicate a significant negative relationship between return on assets and accounts receivable, inventory turnover, accounts payable, and cash conversion cycle. This suggests that managers can create value for their shareholders by reducing the number of day's accounts receivable and inventories to a reasonable minimum. The negative relationship between accounts payable and profitability is consistent with the view that less profitable firms delay in settling their bills.


The vibrational density of states in potassium dihydrogen phosphate is studied by means of neutron scattering in the energy range 40 to 400 meV above and below the order disorder transition temperature. The present measurement shows that rather long-range forces are probably present, while some fluctuation of the force constants affects the vibrational spectrum in the disordered phase.


Wants may be easily satisfied either by producing much or desiring little. The Galbraithean way states that human wants are great, but their means are limited. The gap can be narrowed by industrial productivity. Hunters and gatherers have an objectively low standard of living. But taken as their objective and given their adequate means of production, all human material wants can be easily satisfied. The world's primitive people have few possessions, but they are not poor. Hunter-gatherers created the original affluent society. The dismal concept of modern economics-the market-industrial system that institutes scarcity-is contrasted with the in-fact affluence of primitive hunting-gathering societies. (3 photos)


Background : Pneumonia is a major cause of illness and death in children under five worldwide. Studies into the contextual effect of village are lacking in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine contextual effect of village on the risk of pneumonia in children under five in Magetan, East Java. Subje cts an d Met hod : This was a case control study conducted in Magetan, East Java, from October 2018 to December 2018. A sample of 225 children under five from 25 villages was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was pneumonia. The independent variables were nutritional status, vitamin A intake, maternal stress, maternal education, family income, family smoking, cooking fuel, house physical environment, and the presence of children in the kitchen when cooking. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel logistic regression. Results : Maternal stress (b= 1.91; 95% CI= 0.75 to 3.06; p= 0.001), family smoking habits (b = 1.39; 95% CI = 0.46 to 2.32; p = 0.003), cooking fuel (b= 1.51; 95% CI= 0.46 to 2.55; p= 0.005), and the presence of children in the kitchen when cooking (b= 1.37; 95% CI = 0.38 to 2.35; p= 0.007) increased the risk of pneumonia in children under five. The risk of pneumonia was reduced by good nutritional status (b= -1.74; 95% CI= -2.70 to -0.78; p <0.001), complete vitamin A status (b= -1.14; 95% CI= -2.04 to -0.24; p= 0.013), high maternal education (b= -1.41; 95% CI= -2.45 to -0.37; p= 0.008), high family income (b= -0.91; 95% CI= -1.80 to -0.02; p= 0.045), and healthy home physical environment (b= -1.86; 95% CI= -3.20 to -0.52; p= 0.007). Village had a strong contextual effect on pneumonia among children under five with ICC= 21.32%. Conclusions : Maternal stress, family smoking habits, cooking fuel, and the presence of children in the kitchen when cooking increase the risk of pneumonia in children under five. It is reduced by good nutritional status, complete vitamin A status, high maternal education, high family income, and healthy home physical environment. Village has a strong contextual effect on pneumonia among children under five Keywords : pneumonia, children under five, biopsychosocial, environmental, determinants, multilevel analysis Correspondence:  Yola Alqorien Mustikarani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java 57126, Indonesia. Email: email@example.com. Mobile: +6285856122288 Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2019), 4(2): 117-126 https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2019.04.02.07


Following genome duplication and selfish DNA expansion, maize used a heretofore unknown mechanism to shed redundant genes and functionless DNA with bias toward one of the parental genomes.


Introduction: The phenomenon of sudden death is a concern, despite tremendous technological advances in healthcare. Sudden death in adults without any past history of chronic illness is increasing worldwide and is a significant issue for medical professionals. In this modernised medical world, diagnostic tools lack precision in comparison to autopsy cause of death when it comes to finding the clinical cause of death. The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines sudden death, according to the International Classification of Diseases, version 10 (ICD10), as non violent death occurring less than 24 hours from the onset of symptoms, without any other explanation. Aim: To examine the different histomorphological changes observed in autopsy specimens of sudden deaths. Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive crosssectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at a Tertiary Care Hospital affiliated with a Medical College in South Gujarat, India. Data was collected from autopsies performed between January 2018 and December 2019, and the study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2021. A total of 430 cases of sudden death were systematically examined during the study period. The autopsy forms were used to retrieve the history, and all slides from the 430 cases were reviewed. The history, gross findings, and microscopic features were noted and entered into an Excel sheet. Results: A total of 1671 autopsies were performed during the study period, out of which 430 were sudden deaths. The most commonly affected age group was 41-50 years, with 114 cases (26.51%), followed by the 31-40 years age group with 101 cases (20.16%). Among the cases, 387 were males and 43 were females, resulting in a male-to-female ratio of 9:1. The most common cause of sudden death was cardiovascular pathology 267 (62.10%). Non cardiac causes were attributed to respiratory system involvement 79 (18.37%), followed by cases where no specific cause was identified 43 (10%), multiple system involvement 28 cases (6.51%), hepatobiliary causes 7 (1.62%), genitourinary system causes 4 (0.94%), and Central Nervous System (CNS) causes 2 (0.46%). Conclusion: The present study revealed a significant number of cases of sudden natural death. Cardiac causes were found to be the major contributor to sudden death, posing a health concern in our society. Atherosclerosis was identified as the main culprit in causing myocardial infarction. Sudden death remains a significant concern, and a meticulous postmortem and histopathological {Haematoxylin & Eosin (H&E)} examination are necessary to determine its cause. To prevent sudden natural deaths, it is essential to educate the population about the importance of undergoing annual health check-ups for early diagnosis and treatment.


e14000 Background: Parsons et al. (ASCO 2008) reported the results of a pivotal phase II/III trial in patients with malignant ascites due to epithelial cancer. Treatment with the trifunctional antibody catumaxomab resulted in a clinically relevant prolongation of puncture-free survival, defined as the time to the next therapeutic puncture or the time to death, whichever occurred first. Malignant ascites is a typical late-stage manifestation of cancer associated with a poor prognosis and survival. Effective treatment options are limited. It is thus of special interest if all patient subgroups derive objective benefit from treatment.

METHODS
A post-hoc analysis was performed on the 258 patients with epithelial tumors treated with catumaxomab + paracentesis or paracentesis alone (control) in the pivotal trial to investigate any association between the primary endpoint (puncture-free survival) and the primary tumor, metastases, or other prognostic parameters.

RESULTS
Puncture-free survival was lower in patients with non-ovarian vs ovarian tumors and those with a poor prognosis (metastases vs no metastases, elderly vs younger, or low vs serum protein level). However, there was always a statistically significant treatment effect for catumaxomab compared with the respective control group (p≤0.0001, log rank test, for all comparisons) (see table).

CONCLUSION
Catumaxomab demonstrated a significant clinical benefit in patients with malignant ascites independent of the primary tumor or other prognostic factors. Therefore, catumaxomab could be considered as a treatment option for patients with a poor prognosis. [Table: see text] [Table: see text].


This report presents the final results from the exhaust emissions and air pollution studies conducted at the Gloucester Safer City Project, UK. The emissions inventory was compiled for carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds (VOC), nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide and particles smaller than 10 microns, with data from 1996 (before the traffic restraint project) and 2002 (after the project). Measurements were made in November on the inner ring road, main radial routes to / from the inner ring road, main local distributor roads, the Northern Bypass, and residential roads. Total emissions of carbon monoxide in the city were 26% lower, VOC emissions were 30% lower, nitrogen oxides emissions were 36% lower, particle emissions were 12% lower, and carbon dioxide emissions were 4% lower in 2001 than in 1996. With the exception of carbon dioxide, these changes were mainly due to changes in emissions from road transport. These changes were largely a result of the increasing proportion of vehicles equipped with catalytic converters. There was an overall speed decrease of 5km/h over the period of the study. On links directly affected by the inroduction of safety / traffic management measures there was an annual mean speed reduction of 2.4km/h. The introduction of traffic restraint equated to average increases in carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions per light duty vehicle (LDV) of 4.4 and 4.9% respectively. When the changes in emissions over the course of a year were considered, the changes in emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides resulting from changes in the driving pattern were clearly outweighed by changes in the LDV fleet. In general, the greatest increases in emissions occurred on the lowest speed roads. It was considered that the traffic restraint project did not have significant effects on local pollution levels.


Computer networks have touched every aspect of human life, it cannot be overstated that cyber security is of great importance and significance. Intrusion detection techniques play an important role in the field of network security, but it also faces significant challenges. In this paper, we propose a Hybrid Firefly and Black Hole Algorithm (HFBHA) for parameter tuning of the XGBoost model and apply it to the study of intrusion detection systems. Firstly, the algorithm designs a double black hole mechanism by introducing the concept of the second black hole and adjusting the moving trajectory of the stars using the attraction of both black holes. Secondly, an improved initialization method of the stars is proposed, where a star that crosses the event horizon of the black hole has an opportunity to be replaced by a new star around the black hole. Finally, a combination of the firefly perturbation strategy and mutation operator is proposed to improve the global search capability of the algorithm. Both the effectiveness of the proposed method on the XBGoost parameter tuning problem and the feasibility of this strategy on intrusion detection applications are verified by comparison experiments based on the NSL-KDD dataset.


Croup is a common respiratory disease that affects 3% of children aged six months to three years. It represents 7% of annual hospital admissions for fever and/or acute respiratory disease in children under the age of five. Boys are more susceptible than girls to the condition, with an overall male/female predominance of 1.4/1. Viruses are detected in up to 80% of patients with croup with identifiable pathogens. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and usually occurs at night: stridor, hoarse voice and respiratory distress are often seen due to upper airway obstruction. Croup is a clinical diagnosis, children with an uncertain diagnosis, anterior and lateral soft-tissue neck radiographs may be useful to support an alternative diagnosis. Management includes: general care, humidified air, heliox, corticosteroids, and epinephrine, Objective: This study aimed to discuss croup in terms of its etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, assessment, and finally management.


The pollution of decamethrin increased with its wide use in agriculture. In order to study the influences on immune system in tilapia by continual exposure to decamethrin of low concentration, The serum lysozyme concentration, surface change of liver and spleen (observed at the end of the study, the 25th day), and organ coefficients of liver and spleen (calculated at the end of the study, the 25th day) were applied to the analysis the influences of decamethrin (DM) on tilapia by continuous exposure. We set 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0 μg/L of DM as experimental groups, and a control group. The results showed that DM could influence serum lysozyme concentration of tilapia after continuous exposure. Lysozyme concentrations of 1.0~5.0 μg/L groups were a little below or about equal to control group at the third day, and increased gradually from the 7th day, to the maximum 138.06±2.2 μg/mL, which was 2.209 times of the control group. The concentration declined to normal level at the 20th day. While, lysozyme concentrations of 10.0 μg/L group declined distinctly at the third day, and declined to the minimum 26.5±1.9μg/mL at the 7th day, which was only 42.4% of the control group. The concentration increased to normal level at the 20th day. There were no obvious difference between lysozyme concentration of experimental groups and control group, from 20th day to 25th day. Furthermore, results of anatomical experiment indicated that at the end of experiment there were no obvious changes between experimental groups' and control group's organ coefficients of liver and spleen. The appearances of spleens were natural, but there were apparent pathological changes in livers, especially the abnormal rate of 10.0 μg/L group was up to 66.67%. To sum up, the influence of DM to tilapia serum lysozyme is reversible, DM could lead pathology damage to tilapia liver, while the damage to spleen is below detection.


The article covers common names of animals in the Turkic languages. The name of animals occupies a special place in the system of vocabulary of the Turkic languages. They are distinguished by the presence of an ancient lexical layer and a common characteristic for the Turkic languages. Today there is a need for zoonyms to generalize, systematize, and comprehensively analyze the etymological dictionaries of Turkic languages and explanatory dictionaries of individual languages. Therefore such analyses make it possible to identify the layers of Turkic zoonyms characteristic of the general Turkic period and subsequent periods, reflect the history of their formation, personal changes, and identify new species that appeared in later epochs. They also сan become useful resources in the field of historical word formation, morphology and lexicology of the Turkic languages. In general, the study has been guided by etymological dictionaries of Turkic languages, scientific opinions on etymology of Turkic zoonyms have been analyzed. The purpose of the study is to analyze the linguistic personality of Turkic zoonyms. From the general content of the article, it is necessary to consider the subject of the study of Turkic zoonyms, analyze scientific conclusions on the etymological dictionaries of the Turkic languages regarding the zoonyms Arystan and Kabylan and to generate your own judgment. As a result of the study, it is suggested that the creation of zoonyms in the Turkic languages according to a certain model, that is, based on a general model of morphological structure, may have a certain word-formation system in the formation of animal names.


Traditional monotheism has long faced logical puzzles (omniscience, omnipotence, and more) [10, 11, 13, 14]. We present a simple but plausible 'gappy' framework for addressing these puzzles. By way of illustration we focus on God's alleged stone problem. What we say about the stone problem generalizes to other familiar 'paradoxes of omniproperties', though we leave the generalization implicit. We assume familiarity with the proposed (subclassical) logic but an appendix is offered as a brief review.


Sometimes, enteral nutritional therapy via catheter is absolutely necessary
for the nutritional needs of an oncological child and a clinical case is presented herein
that involved its initial rejection by the mother and her oncological child who was suffering
from severe lack of nutrition. The objective of this study was to examine why the patient
and responsible rejected the enteral nutritional therapy. Methods: It was performed
anthropometric, dietetic, physical and biochemical evaluations and literature searches were
conducted on enteral nutritional therapy. Results: During the hospitalization of the child,
both the mother and child were diagnosed with reactive depression, which motivated the
hypothesis that the enteral nutritional therapy rejection was due to a psychic disorder. In
evidence, as seen in the results, is the understanding of the univocity of the relationship
between the responsible and the oncologic patient and the reactive depression as an
intervening factor for nutritional therapy acceptance. Conclusions: The results of this
study could contribute to new approaches for the nutritional care of oncologic patients
submitted to this type of therapy.


Summary based on the state-of-the-art for the deep Mediterranean Sea with the final aim of identifying knowledge and gaps, descriptor by descriptor (such as lack of data, indicators, thresholds). This document is an analysis of all scientific publications, national and international reports and grey literature available on the implementation of the MSFD to the deep Mediterranean Sea.


The utility model discloses a resin-cast body bending die. The resin-cast body bending die comprises an upper half die and a lower half die, wherein, the upper half die is a flat plate, the thickness of the flat plate is the same as the thickness of a to-be-molded resin-cast body bent sample bar; four cylindrical through holes, namely, cylindrical through holes of the upper half die, are respectively arranged at the four corners of the flat plate and distributed symmetrically; five rectangular through slots penetrating the flat plate are distributed evenly and in parallel among the four cylindrical through holes of the upper half die, the size of the rectangular through slots is the same as the size of the resin-cast body bent sample bar; the lower half die is also a flat plate, the length and the width of the flat plate are the same as the length and the width of the upper half die flat plate; four cylindrical through holes penetrating the flat plate, namely, four cylindrical through holes of the lower half die, are respectively arranged at the four corners of the lower half die flat plate; the four cylindrical through holes of the lower half die are distributed symmetrically, the distribution positions of the four cylindrical through holes of the lower half die on the upper flat plate are the same as the distribution positions of the four cylindrical through holes of the upper half die on lower the flat plate. When the resin-cast body bending die is used, the upper half die and the lower half die are superposed, the cylindrical through holes of the upper half die are aligned with the cylindrical through holes of the lower half die and fixed by bolts, and then the resin-cast body bending die is used for preparing the resin-cast body bent sample bar. The bending die is convenient for assembly and disassembly; with the die, the resin-cast body bent sample bar can be molded in one step.


While earthquakes, as natural catastrophes, have plagued mankind for thousands of years, the disaster from nuclear bombs as well as – accidentally – from nuclear power stations such as in Japan in 2011 is man-made and has only existed since 1945. As they are man-made catastrophes, governments are in different ways accountable, since their policies can result in direct misery for their own people – be it through failure of deterrence, or the continued policy of building nuclear power stations. Thus a system of protection for the worstcase-scenario has to be developed: civil defence. This system is a propaganda tool to justify policies among the population as well as to keep them calm. This essay assesses civil defence in the 1960s and 1970s, the time when nuclear war was not so remote a possibility. Propaganda was thus used in its most basic sense, as 'information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause,'[2] namely that a nuclear war against the communists could be fought and won. How should one hide from a nuclear bomb and its impact? The age of civil defence in its traditional setting was over. Its end was marked by the explosion of two atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. State officials in the 1960s and 1970s pretended that the threat of fiftymega-ton-weapons could be countered with a defence agenda that might protect against attacks with conventional bombs of six tons of TNT – the largest bomb used in the Second World War.[3] This essay argues that civil defence in the nuclear age has never been more than a political tool for governments used for emotions management and as a political tool for winning public consent on key Cold War issues. Deterrence could only be pursued if the population stood firmly behind the government and was prepared for nuclear war. To illustrate this it will first be shown that the preconditions of dealing with the threat of atomic war differed, politically and psychologically, due to varying previous experiences in the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Then the different schemes and rhetoric behind civil defence in these countries are examined in order to show that national mentality, and the nation's political security culture as well as societal relations impacted upon its development. Finally, the farce of civil defence will be dismantled, as reflected in public protest.


Given that the world is still affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and new words related to it are still penetrating the Macedonian language, this qualitative study examines these novel words from a linguistic point of view, stressing their meaning, formation, the word group they belong to and the emerging implications for all language levels. The sample consists of plenty of corona and COVID-19 related terms excerpted from an immense number of electronic journalistic articles published in 2021 and 2022. Processing data and reaching conclusions rests upon the method of interpretative analysis. The results indicate that the pandemic as a global phenomenon has had a huge impact on the Macedonian language as newborn words, mainly nouns and semi-compound nouns, have been introduced. Consequently, multifold implications have arisen on all language levels. In addition, the existing classification of neologisms has been enriched with new categories of neologisms due to the emergence of these recently formed words. Finally, the new corona and COVID-19 related words in the Macedonian language challenge Macedonian linguists particularly with respect to the interpretation of their meaning as well as their potential inclusion in the upcoming editions of the Macedonian monolingual dictionary. © 2022 Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales. All rights reserved.


Agricultural technology is an inexhaustible motive force for agricultural development,and the implementation of agricultural technology subsidy policy and its effect have caused comprehensive attentions from all parts of the society.The purpose of this article is to analyze the effect of agricultural technology subsidy.In this paper,a systematic analysis was made on the implementation of agricultural technology subsidy policy based on the survey in Henan and Jiangsu Province,and a Logit model was used to estimate the effect of the subsidy variables.The conclusion is that age,education level of the household and machine quality are obviously different at 1% level,and these variables are positively correlated to the adoption of agricultural technology,while the subsidy as a variable is not significant.At last,some recommendations are given,such as to enhance advocacy efforts of agricultural technologies and their subsidy polices,to improve agricultural technology itself,and to strengthen technical guidance,etc.


1. The aims of education 2. How and why do we learn? 3. Who teaches and why? 4. Policy, practice and principles 5. Education for a better world? 6. Conclusion Appendix: a brief history of education


This project investigates the Swede's relationship with alcohol and the harmful effects that arise from an addiciton. Above all the project aims to address the children and adolescents who grow up with a loved one having an alcohol addiction. The aim of the project is to create a safe and secure place where general information about addiction is available, as well as targeted consultations for children and young people affected by a loved one's addiction. The project is NOT aimed at children and young people who need treatment for alcohol or drug abuse. The project aims to make visible and thus open dialogue about substance abuse issues, combating stigma, shame and alienation and to investigate the role of the architect when it comes to shape societies and lessen future konsequences. The issue is whether the location + programe + architecture can help to subdue the taboo associated with addiction, and instead of hiding the issue, create a platform for discussion and a greater understanding.


In the balloon angioplasty‐injured vascular tissues, abnormal cell proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells have been believed to play an important role during the disease progression. It still lacks final conclusion and research evidences at present to clarify whether possessing the characteristics of advanced aging will become a susceptibility factor of restenosis. Therefore, the senescence accelerated mouse‐prone 8 (SAMP8) was applied as animal model to induce neointimal hyperplasia by wire injury in this project. The statistical results suggested that the ratio of neointimal‐to‐medial area (N/M ratio) was lower in the SAMP8 mice than in the wild‐type mice of the same age, which implicated that the aging factor may reduce the severity of neointimal hyperplasia. The immunohistochemistry staining was further used to examine the expression of β‐galactosidase, a senescence marker, in the vascular tissues. The level of β‐galactosidase was higher in SAMP8 mice than in the wild‐type mice of the same age. Hence, a cellular senescence model was induced by CoCl2 treatment in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to investigate the regulations and mechanisms of senescence in the cell proliferation and migration of VSMCs. We found that CoCl2‐induced senescent VSMCs to the serum‐triggered stimulations in the cell growth and migration were negatively correlated with treatment concentration of CoCl2. Similarly, this phenomenon was also found in the regulation of AKT and ERK 1/2. Thus, aging factor may reduce the sensitivity of VSMCs to the exogenous stimulatory factors with consistent results to the in vivo study.


The centre of Ghana development is land that plays a vital role. This article focused mainly on the rapid land degradation and deforestation due to bush fires, poorly managed grazing, farming and agricultural conversion, current forest/woodland governance systems and major policy gaps that were identified. A combination of methods used included: Extensive study of secondary literature/reports/programmes/write-ups (from 1999-2004), key informant interview: a one-on-one interview with Government Officials, 7 responsible for forest management, Forestry, Commission and Traditional Institutions (men-10, women-5), elders-6, and functionaries-4 living in the community, phased assertion. The study recommend Forest Management System needs to be evolved that includes the management and development of sacred groves, shrines, sacred bodies and natures, and totems; associated with indigenous agricultural practices and seeds, indigenous agro-ecological management practices, indigenous tree and vegetation management practices, indigenous livelihood developments and human activity systems which are both enhancing and militating against biodiversity conservation and development encourage and systematically develop traditionally protect areas/plants/animals (TPAs). Attention should be paid to conservation of: 1) sacred groves; 2) burial grounds and spiritual lands; 3) sacred water bodies and fauna; 4) totemic animals; 5) traditional cultural practices; 6) farming systems; 7) traditional crop varieties; 8) home gardens; 9) graze-lands and rest lands; 10) wild fruits supply systems.