The post-mastectomy syndrome and lymphedema after the combined treatment of breast cancer, significantly worsen the quality of life of patients, their psycho - emotional state. The treatment of this disease is always combined in nature, and involves elements of the Complex Decongestive Therapy, pneumatic compression, mild electrical stimulation and low-frequency magnetic therapy. The best results of therapy are achieved with early detection and treatment. Complex treatment of lymphedema does not affect the course of cancer.


This paper proposes a novel formulation for the optimal design of the endcap of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Conventional endcap structures have a shape of a flat circular plate. Hanwha Research and Development Center noticed that circular endcaps are substantially heavy and decided to design hemiellipsoidal endcaps in such a way that their weight is minimized. In order to achieve the goal, we suggest conducting shape optimization and thickness optimization tasks simultaneously in determining hemiellipsoidal endcaps with minimum weight. The weight of hemiellipsoidal endcaps should be minimized such that they do not fail due to either yielding or buckling. Therefore, the design optimization formulation requires performing multidisciplinary optimization during the design process. We determine solutions to the design optimization problem in a unique and globally optimal manner. In order to explore the significance of the design optimization formulation, we compare the weight of optimally designed hemiellipsoidal endcaps with that of conventional circular endcaps. We demonstrate that hemiellipsoidal endcaps with minimum weight are considerably lighter than circular endcaps.


T here is a critical need to improve recognition of women at risk of obstetric venous thromboembolism (VTE), which is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. While venous thromboembolism risk assessment (VTERA) is recommended internationally for all pregnant and postpartum women, VTERA compliance is reportedly poor due to a lack of validated tools for VTERA, unclear optimal thresholds for the initiation of thromboprophylaxis as evidenced by significant variation in guidelines from various organizations, and challenges of assessing women individually in high-throughput environments. This study aimed to develop, pilot and implement an electronic tool for VTERA in a high-throughput setting, and assess compliance with the risk assessment tool. It did not assess clinical outcomes. Thrombocalc, an electronic VTERA tool, was developed by The Thrombocalc Development Group at The Rotunda Hospital in Dublin, Ireland and the tool was piloted in September 2014. The tool assigned a score to various patient-associated, pregnancy-associated, and delivery-associated risk factors, which were broadly weighted according to established odds and incidence rate ratios found in the medical literature, to calculate a total risk score for each parturient. The score was to be calculated after childbirth but before hospital discharge as the highest risk of VTE occurs during the first 6 weeks postpartum. On the basis of a patient's score, clinicians were given recommendations as to whether thromboprophylaxis should be initiated as well the patient's dosing when VTE prophylaxis was recommended. The attending physician, however, had the final decision on implementation of thromboprophylaxis. The proportion of women who gave birth at the institution and were assessed for VTE risk was the measure used to track trends in compliance with the implementation of Thrombocalc. Of 10,721 women who delivered at the Rotunda Hospital during the study period of 2014 to 2015, 8380 (78.2%) VTE risk assessment electronic forms were completed and included in the analysis. An additional 145 forms were excluded from analysis due to insufficient identification information or duplication. During the first 3 months after implementation of Thrombocalc, the percentage change in the incidence rate of completion was 4% per week [incidence rate ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.05; P< 0.001]. In the final 6 months of implementation, compliance remained steady (incidence rate ratio, 1; 95% CI, 0.993-1.005; P= 0.789) with VETRA forms completed for 92% of patients during the final quarter. The percent compliance in the final week of data collection was 97%. Compliance remained consistent outside of normal working hours [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.03; 95% CI, 0.93-1.14). Risk assessment forms were less likely to be filled out if the patient had a stillborn infant (aOR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.29-0.79) or had a cesarean delivery rather than a vaginal delivery (aOR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.60-0.73). Potentially incorrect information that could affect VTE risk assessment was noted in 14% of completed forms with possibly inaccurate thromboprophylaxis recommendations occurring in 2.5% of patients (n= 207) due to misclassification of risk factors. Informal feedback from clinicians using the electronic Thrombocalc form indicated that it was easy to use and integrated well with their existing workflows. They reported that completing the risk assessment took <1 minute. On the basis of their analysis, the authors concluded that their electronic VTERA tool was able to provide rapid assessment of VTE risk and its use was sustainable in a highthroughput obstetric environment. The impact of VTERA compliance on risk of postnatal VTE will be the focus of future study.


Women in national Zambian politics have long been seen as having played an essential, but largely supportive, role. There is a sense in which the African tradition of viewing women as mere supporters of the male-dominated society has permeated the literature on and discussion of the nationalist struggle. The question that remains unanswered is why women are presented as followers rather than leaders in their own right. Arguably, therefore, when the Zambia National Women's Lobby Group (ZNWLG) and the Zambia Women Writers Association (ZAWWA) decided to collaborate on the project they were embarking on a project that would highlight the important role that women play in politics and governance. The ZNWLG decision to lobby for women's participation in post colonial political processes was informed by the concept of power, which tdenotes the control over material asserts, intellectual resources and ideologyt. Keywords: intellectual resources; material asserts; Zambia national women's lobby group (ZNWLG); Zambia Women Writers Association (ZAWWA)


We use our previously described expansion method to carry out systematic numerical calculations of the reduced mean relaxation time for large perturbations applied to cooperative helix coil transitions in linear macromolecules of infinite chain length. The kinetic process under consideration is described in terms of triplet concentrations and it may proceed from any initial to any final Zimm‐Bragg equilibrium state for a number of representative values of the cooperativity parameter σ. A striking dependence of the reduced mean relaxation time upon perturbation size is observed particularly for kinetic processes starting at the extremes of the equilibrium transition curve. This dependence is discussed as a function of the cooperativity of the transition, initial and final equilibrium states and the direction of the applied perturbation. Irreversible processes have also been calculated. All kinetic curves are virtually exponential with the exception of very large perturbations approaching unity where sigmoidal behavior is observed.


(1). The optimum growth temperature of the thermophilic anaerobes that were previously reported was 55-60°C. Spores germinated at 37°C after 10-12 days, but almost did not at 30°C. (2). The anaerobes grew at pH 4.7-pH 7.7, with the optimum pH 5.0-7.2, and did not grow in the more concentrated medium than 4.0% NaCl and 30% sucrose. (3). Heat resistance of the spore was indicated at Fig. 1. The mean of temperature coefficient (Q10) was 11.4. (4). The resistance against refrigeration of the spores was strong. Heat resistance after freezing was weaker than not frozen spores.


Although an integrated GIS has been gradually introduced by relatively large local governments in Japan, users of the system are generally limited to members working for departments responsible for the management of map drawings, such as urban planning and road management departments. We highlight the other side of local governmental usage of integrated GIS in this study. An interview survey was conducted in order to clarify potential needs of the integrated GIS for departments without routine management of map drawings in Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture. The results show that most of the departments have high potential demands for sharing digital maps with precise address information and small area statistics, like census, in order to enhance the efficiency and quality of their works. However, lack of the knowledge about the GIS functions and small area statistics mainly prevent using integrated GIS in the departments.


BACKGROUND
Electronic cigarettes are increasing in popularity, but there is only little information on their biologic effects on the oral epithelium, the initial site exposed to electronic cigarette smoke.

MATERIALS AND METHOD
We assessed the oral epithelium response to electronic cigarettes by comparing the histology and RNA transcriptome (mRNA and miRNA) of healthy electronic cigarette vapers to nonsmokers. mRNA was assessed based on: (1) genome-wide; (2) genes previously identified as dysregulated in the oral epithelium of electronic cigarette vapers vs nonsmokers; (3) immune and inflammatory-related genes previously identified as dysregulated in the nasal epithelium of electronic cigarette vapers compared to nonsmokers; (4) genes previously identified as dysregulated in the small airway epithelium of nonsmokers following an acute exposure to electronic cigarette; and (5) genes related to the initial steps of COVID-19 infection. In addition, miRNA was assessed genome-wide. Comparisons were performed using ANOVA, and Benajmini-Hochberg corrected p <0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS
The histology of the epithelium, lamina propria and basal layer in electronic cigarette vapers appeared normal. Assessment of mRNA and miRNA, based on all gene lists, did not identify any genes significantly modified in the oral epithelium of electronic cigarette vapers in response to electronic cigarette use.

CONCLUSION
An average history of 2 years of vaping results in no detectable histologic or transcriptome abnormalities in the buccal mucosa.


The discovery of the 6.67 hr periodicity in the X-ray source 1E 161348-5055 associated with the supernova remnant RCW 103 has raised interesting questions about the nature of the X-ray source. Here we argue that in either accreting neutron star or magnetar model, a supernova fallback disk may be a critical ingredient in theoretical interpretations of 1E 161348-5055. We further emphasize the effect of fallback disks on the evolution of young compact objects in various ways and suggest that even SS 433 could also be powered by a fallback disk accretion process.


A series of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) with different rubber content were prepared by diluting ABS grafting copolymer containing 60% rubber with a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer. ABS prepared were blended with bisphenol-A-polycarbonate (PC) at the ratio of 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70 to prepare PC/ABS blends. Influence of rubber content in ABS on the properties of ABS and PC/ABS blends were investigated. PC/ABS blends with different compositions got good toughness when the rubber in ABS increased to the level that ABS itself got good toughness. The tensile properties and processability of PC/ABS blends decreased with the increase of the total rubber content introduced into the blends. ABS with the rubber content of 30 wt% is most suitable to be used to prepare PC/ABS blends. The rubber content in ABS affected the viscosity of ABS, and subsequently the viscosity ratio of PC to ABS. As a result, the morphology of PC/ABS blends varied. The increase of rubber content in ABS results in finer structure of PC/ABS blends.


Background: The integration of pharmacists into primary care and general practice teams is expanding. Equipping pharmacists with the skills and knowledge to perform as part of a primary care team will facilitate this expanded scope of practice.
Aim: This paper describes the rationale and approach for the development of a competency aligned curriculum of a postgraduate pharmacist education programme in Australia.
Methods: The authors describe an evidence-based approach to curriculum development including establishing an educational programme advisory committee, consultation with an expert panel of pharmacy practice educators, and mapping of curriculum to both learning outcomes and competency standards.
Conclusions: The curriculum design approach ensures the programme is designed to provide pharmacists with the skills, training and knowledge required to perform the General Practice pharmacist role. The education programme is due to be piloted in 2020, followed by an evaluation to allow further adjustment and improvement of the course design.


The activation of erklmitogen-activated protein ki- nases and p21-is strongly associated with progression through the cell cycle. Cell growth induced by the cyto- kine interleukin-4 (IL-4) effectively dissociates the activation of ~ 4 4 ~ ~ ~ " and p42erh-2 mitogen-activated protein kinases and p21" from cell proliferation. In two cell lines of T lymphocyte and myeloid origin that were de-pendent upon IL-4 for continuous growth, IL-4 failed to detectably activate or induce tyrosine phosphorylation of ~ 4 4 ' ~ ~ " and p4Frh-2. The activation of p21rm was also not detectably affected by IL-4 treatment of these cells. Treatment of the same cells with other growth factors (colony-stimulating factor-1 and Steel factor) or phorbol esters induced the tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of ~ 4 4 ~ ~ ~ " ~ and ~ 4 2 ~ ~ ~ " " and stimulated p21rm activity. The presence of IL-4 neither diminished nor enhanced the activation of ~ 4 4 ~ ~ ~ " and p42erk"k-2 by colony-stimulating factor-1, Steel factor, or 12-0-tetra-decanoy1phorbo1-13-acetate. Furthermore, IL-4 also failed to activate p44erh-1, p4Frh-2, and p21" in normal T lymphocytes CT.4S BDFl IL-4. BDFl


In this study, the isolation and characterization of nanocellulose from pineapple leaf fibers (PLF) were carried out. Chemical pretreatment included pulping, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis to remove lignin, hemicellulose, and extractive substances were conducted. This was followed by high-shear homogenization and ultrasonication to produce nanocellulose. Morphological changes to the PLF due to treatment were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This showed that the PLF had a diameter of 1–10 µm after high-shear homogenizing. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the nanofibers after ultrasonication for 60 min showed 40–70 nm diameters. Particle size analysis (PSA) indicates that the fibers had an average diameter of 68 nm. Crystallinity index was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and had the highest value after acid hydrolysis at 83% but after 60 min ultrasonication, this decreased to 62%. Meanwhile, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed there was no chemical structure change after acid hydrolysis. The most significant finding from thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is that the higher degradation temperature of nanofibers indicates superior thermal stability over untreated fiber. These results indicate that PLF waste could become a viable source of commercially valuable nanocellulose.


Directing against the complex control object,i.e.ball mill coal-pulverizing system with multi-variables,strong coupling,non-linearity,and large time-delay etc.,it is difficult to establish an accurate mathematical model,as well as the effectiveness of conventional PID decoupling control algorithm isn't ideal,an expert fuzzy PID decoupling control method has been put forward.By using the said method,the real-time setting for PID parameters can be carried out,being suitable to requirements of control under different operating conditions of the ball mill coal-pulverizing system.Taking the ball mill coal-pulverizing system in Lueyang Power Plant as an object,emulation verification of said expert fuzzy PID decoupling control system has been carried out.Results show that the control quality of said control system is better,being suitable to real-time adjustment of PID parameters under different operating conditions of the ball mill coal-pulverizing system,boasting better control effectiveness,and its control performance and robustness being better than that of conventional PID decoupling control.


One of the primary objectives in the design of reinforced concrete [RC] structures is safety. The RC beams must have an adequate safety margin against different types of failures. In the design of a reinforced concrete member, fl exure is usually considered fi rst, leading to the size of the section and the arrangement of reinforcement to provide the necessary resistance for moments. Beams are then designed for shear. The shear failure mechanism varies depending upon the cross-sectional dimensions, the geometry, the types of loading, and the properties of the member (1, 2). The shear failures are normally characterized by the formation of inclined or diagonal cracks, near regions of high shear i.e. near the supports in simply supported beams and extend toward the 1. Wprowadzenie


Abstract Human activities are increasingly responsible for moving organisms far beyond natural dispersal distances and range boundaries. Here we describe the 1st documented instance of a slender salamander (genus Batrachoseps; B. attenuatus specifically) in Washington State, in the Seattle suburb of Kirkland. We molecularly identified this individual as belonging to a B. attenuatus clade in San Francisco, California. Beyond representing the 1st Batrachoseps in Washington, this is the 1st record of B. attenuatus introduced beyond its range limits in central and northern California, and the 1st record of the entire genus far beyond its geographic range. This specimen is also noteworthy because it was a gravid female that was exceptionally large, suggesting it could found a population on its own if one does not already exist, and that habitat conditions in a suburban region of the Pacific Northwest are suitable for this species. The Pacific Northwest is expected to be particularly suitable for the establishment of a diversity of introduced salamander species, and our work highlights the importance of proactive research and management to address species introductions.


Abstract Examination of the lectotype and a paralectotype of Rana okinavana Boettger, 1895 revealed that the species is not a brown frog of the subgenus Rana, occurring in the middle group of the Ryukyu Archipelago, but is identical with a frog of the subgenus Nidirana from the southern group of the Archipelago and Taiwan, now called R. psaltes Kuramoto, 1985. The type locality of R. okinavana given in the original description, Okinawa of the middle Ryukyus, is highly doubtful and should be somewhere in the Yaeyama Islands of the southern Ryukyus. The name R. psaltes is relegated to a subjective junior synonym of R. okinavana Boettger, 1895, while the brown frog of the subgenus Rana from the northern Ryukyus requires a replacement name.


The presence of Legionella pneumophila (LP) in aquatic habitat is a global concern. The current study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of LP in water systems with the aid of a systematic review and meta-analysis. The searching was performed among some international databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Embase to retrieve the related articles between 1/January/1983 and 25/July/ 2017. Therefore, thirty-six articles (with 43 studies) out of 1,541 articles collected, were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of LP in water systems was determined as 20% (95%CI: 15-25). Also, the lowest and highest pooled prevalence of LP was observed in Poland (4% (95%CI: 0-13%)) and Kuwait (98% (95%CI: 90-100%)), respectively. The lowest and highest prevalence of LP-based on water resources subgroups was a water reservoir (15% (95%CI: 2-37%) and well (40% (95%CI: 26-50%), respectively. The number of studies that used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of LP was 16/43 (37.3%) while the culture method was 27/43 (62.7%). Generally speaking, the relatively high prevalence of LP among the investigated water systems was demonstrated, which should be reduced by performing appropriate control actions.


During the first and early second trimesters of pregnancy in 244 consecutive patients with uterine bleeding, ultrasound studies were conducted to determine the cause of bleeding. In 165 of the patients the fetus was alive, and the outcome of pregnancy was successful in 143 (87%) despite the fact that ultrasound scanning revealed a total of 60 abnormalities. In the 22 patients whose pregnancy outcome was unfavorable, the number of abnormalities was significantly higher (P<.05). The most common ultrasound abnormalities were placenta covering the internal os, fetal growth delay, multiple gestation, and intrauterine hematoma. At ultrasound examination, the presence of one or more abnormalities plus bleeding for three days or more significantly increased the risk to the pregnancy. When the duration of bleeding was less than three days and the ultrasound examination was normal, the risk to the pregnancy was lower (7%) than that of patients who had bled for three days or more and had at least one abnormality on ultrasound examination (24%) (P<.05).


OBJECTIVE:To probe into the consumption trend of clinical application of narcotic analgesic in cancer patients from People's Hospital of Puning( hereinafter referred to as "our hospital") for five years,and to analyze its rationality in clinical application.METHODS:The application data of narcotic analgesic during 2010-2014 were obtained from the management system of drug pool,the Defined Daily Dose( DDD) that recommended by WHO was set as the determination of drug use units,drug application situations were analyzed through DDDs.RESULTS:The drug consumption amount and total DDDs was increasing yearly,the DDDs of morphine and fentanyl patches dominated the top two places,the dosage of pethidine injections was less.CONCLUSIONS:The quantity of application of narcotic analgesic and cancer patients were increasing yearly during the five years,and the narcotic analgesic for treatment of cancer pain were given priority to Morphine sustained release tablets,Oxycodone hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets and fentanyl patches,and the less dosage of pethidine injections is rational.


The O.C.D.E. Fiscal Convention regarding the taxes on income and capital offers a way of uniformly resolving the most common issues that appear in the international juridical double taxation field. According to the recommendation of the O.C.D.E., member states have to comply to this Convention Model when the conventions or revisions of the existent billateral conventions end. The Model Convention refers to eliminating double taxation, but also adopts the theme of preventing tax evasion and non-discrimination.


andningspauser, bara vid de verkliga frasgränserna. Abstract Automatic music transcription has attracted a great interest from computer scientists and musicians for more than thirty-five years. The process of transcription includes extraction of fundamental frequencies, and segmentation of the continuous audio signal by detecting onsets and offsets of sound events. In a following step, quantization of pitch and timing gives a symbolic representation of the performance, often presented as a score or MIDI file. At best, the musician's interpretation as manifested in variations in tempo (accelerando-ritardando), phrasing, and articulation (staccato, legato) may be captured as well. Automatic transcription can be used for documenting recordings, comparing a performance with the original score and music retrieval when searching for music on the Internet. In this thesis, three programs for automatic transcription are first evaluated and compared in order to estimate the accuracy, in particular with regard to onset detection. In a second part, articulation in recorder playing is studied by timing analysis of recorded student and teacher performances combined with listening tests. 5 The results indicate that the boundaries between articulation types in recorder playing are approximately: staccato 0-40%, non-staccato 40-70%, nominal 70-90% and legato 90-100%. Non-staccato is here used as a term for a non-desired articulation in between staccato and nominal. Breathing pauses were studied in terms of phrase boundary markers. The spread in number and duration of the breathing pauses between the students and the teacher reflects differences in the ability to control the air. The shortest breathing pause for the students (beginner) was 270 ms compared to 340 ms for the teacher. The teacher's performance is planned and allows longer and fewer breathing pauses, only at the actual phrase boundaries.


In one aspect, composite compositions are described herein. In some embodiments, a composite composition comprises an embolic agent and a plurality of nanoparticles dispersed in the embolic agent, wherein a portion of the nanoparticles are individually dispersed in the embolic agent.


Contamination of aquatic and terrestrial systems with organic contaminants is an increasing toxicological problem. In both the monitoring of such contamination and the determination of the success of remediation methods, straightforward and inexpensive analytical methodology increases the ease of environmental assessment and facilitates regulatory enforcement. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) technology is a recently developed solvent less extraction system with the potential for application to the analysis of a wide range of compounds. Application of SPME, in combination with gas chromatography and GC-MS, will be described for the analysis of chlorinated environmental contaminants such as pesticides and selected PCBs, dioxins, and furans in soils, sediments, and water.


Some problems in our understanding of innovation can be addressed by thinking of innovation as a social process. This can be done by using the idea of technology as applied social science. To explore this idea, an approach called 'technography' is introduced. Sources of resistance to innovation are considered and the question whether new technologies will make us more innovative is posed.


The treatment of simulated wastewater,which had a concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) of 20 mg/L,with peanut shells was studied through dynamic absorption experiments under different conditions.The results show that the removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ) reached 99.08% when the diameter was 1.6 to 2.5 mm,the adsorbent dosage of peanut shells was 5.0 g,the optimum condition was pH=1.0,and the flow rate was 3.0 mL·min-1.The concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) was 0.184 mg/L after adsorption,meeting the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(GB8978-1996).The model fitting is explained in the paper.The Thomas model can well reflect the characteristics of the adsorption process,and the saturated adsorption capacity of peanut shells was 9.4 mg/g.It can be seen from the dynamic adsorption breakthrough curve that the penetrative point and the failure point were reached at 219 min and 1312 min,respectively.


We thought it was impossible. Physiological principles maintained that ventilation at tidal volumes less than the anatomical deadspace should be ineffective (i.e., inspired air not reaching the alveolae). Data from a 1980 study dispelled that myth, showing unequivocally that ventilation with tidal volumes as small as 20 to 30 ml in dogs, a mere fraction of the anatomical deadspace, could maintain adequate ventilation.1 These unexplained observations sparked transport and mixing theories predicting that CO2 removal should vary in direct proportion to breathing frequency (although the relationship with tidal volume is more complex2,3), and these predictions were later . . .


Despite major advances in the observation and numerical simulation of the atmosphere, basic features of the Earth's climate remain poorly understood. Integrating the available data and computational resources to improve our understanding of the global circulation of the atmosphere remains a challenge. Theory must play a critical role in meeting this challenge. This book provides an authoritative summary of the state of the art on this front.

Bringing together sixteen of the field's leading experts to address those aspects of the global circulation of the atmosphere most relevant to climate, the book brings the reader up to date on the key frontiers in general circulation theory-including the nonlinear and turbulent global-scale dynamics that determine fundamental aspects of the Earth's climate. While emphasizing theory, as expressed through relatively simple mathematical models, it also draws connections to simulations with comprehensive general circulation models. Topics include the dynamics of storm tracks, interactions between wave dynamics and the hydrological cycle, monsoons, tropical and extratropical dynamics and interactions, and the processes controlling atmospheric humidity.


Modern seniors who are characterized by good health at the end of their professional activity engage in new forms of activity. Some of them are involved in the activities of universities of the third age, belong to the Family of Radio Maryja, are volunteers or use various forms of religious tourism and pilgrimages. Many manifestations of their activity come from the religiosity of seniors. The growing religiosity of seniors requires a systematic catechesis that helps them in its development. The church emphasizes that this catechesis should be adapted to the situation of a senior. Catechesis helps to read the religious meaning of this stage of life and to strengthen the motivation for Christian presence in the family and environment. Therefore, this catechesis should strengthen religious interest in faith, shape and sustain the motivation of Christian activity, in the Church and in the world. This is reflected in the Christian involvement in family upbringing, in the ecclesial community, for the social good and also in an attractive way of spending free time.


We expand on counterxamples of Bourgain showing how Nikodym maximal estimates and oscillatory integral estimates can break down in the non-Euclidean case. Our examples show the role that the non-existence of totally geodesic submanifolds can play in these problems.


This paper aims to understand the relationship between Radical Economics (RE) and Endogenous growth theory (EGT) based on a comparison of concepts and methods. Our findings include the existence of a set of common concepts, namely "power", "conflict", "technology" and "education", but a different method of analysis: EGT uses a set of mathematical models to support its ideas, whereas RE seems to combine an appreciative approach with a mathematical framework after the mid 1980s.


We study the question for which Tychonoff spaces $X$ and locally convex spaces $E$ the space $C_p(X,E)$ of continuous $E$-valued functions on $X$ contains a complemented copy of the space $(c_0)_p=\{x\in\mathbb{R}^\omega\colon x(n)\to0\}$, both endowed with the pointwise topology. We provide a positive answer for a vast class of spaces, extending classical theorems of Cembranos, Freniche, and Doma\'nski and Drewnowski, proved for the case of Banach and Fr\'echet spaces $C_k(X,E)$. Also, for given infinite Tychonoff spaces $X$ and $Y$, we show that $C_p(X,C_p(Y))$ contains a complemented copy of $(c_0)_p$ if and only if any of the spaces $C_p(X)$ and $C_p(Y)$ contains such a subspace.


Chengzhai Style was widely accepted in the Southern Song Dynasty.It was so different that it was overlooked and criticized in the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties.Poets in the Southern Song Dynasty were seldom influenced by Chengzhai Style directly,which resulted in different understanding levels.But with the impact of Jiangxi Poetical School,people expected innovations,embracing the change of Chengzhai Style.Views and creation of Yang Wanli had a comparatively important impact on the development of the Southern Song Poetry.The accceptance and influence of Chengzhai Style in the Southern Song Dynasty reflected the changes of thoughts and aesthetical standard,together with the update of perspectives of expectations.


We present a precoded reduced-complexity soft detection (PRCSD) algorithm for spatial multiplexing systems. The linear operations at both transmit and receive sides based on complex Householder transform convert the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channel to be multiple-diagonal, spatially partial-response-like, so that error propagation is alleviated when applying RCSD at the receiver. The transform results in unitary precoding and feedforward matrices so that neither transmit power boost nor noise enhancement is present. Performance analysis based on pairwise error probability (PEP) shows that PRCSD achieves higher diversity advantage than existing precoding and multiple-beamforming schemes, which basically attempt to transmit signals through diagonal independent sub-channels and thus may suffer diversity loss. PRCSD can achieve full diversity as ML detection in some scenarios while reducing complexity significantly


International Bulletin of Missionary Research, Vol. 33, No. 3 F two days in September 2006, at a conference in Tehran, I was immersed within Iranian Shi'ite Mahdist eschatology. About four thousand were present; five were Christian, with three of the Christians invited to make presentations. The conference was hosted by the Bright Future Institute of Qom, Iran. When I saw the invitation, one of the themes leaped off the page to me: "The Mahdism and Messianism Doctrine in Other Religions (Abrahamic)." I subsequently offered to present a paper entitled "Messianic Hope in Biblical Eschatology," which the planners accepted.


Srikanth Gadicherla Komal Smriti Sreea Roy KalyanaChakravarthy Pentapati 3 Jyotsna Rajan Apoorva Walia 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India; 2Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India; 3Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India Objective: To compare the healing of extraction socket among non-diabetic, prediabetic, and diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: A single-center prospective observational study was conducted. Glycated hemoglobin and random blood glucose were recorded for all the participants before the procedure. A trained and calibrated examiner evaluated the socket size on postoperative days 0 and 7. Postoperative pain (PoP), discharge, swelling, infection, erythema, dry socket, and the number of analgesics were also recorded. Results: A total of 100 participants completed this study with a mean age of 54.7±12.11. There was no significant difference in the mean socket size among the three study groups on day 0 (P=0.101). However, there was a significant difference in the mean socket size on day 7 among the three groups. A post hoc test showed that the diabetic group had a larger socket size than the non-diabetic group (P=0.011). Complications like swelling and infection were more in the diabetic group. There was no significant difference in the mean number of analgesics among the three groups (P=0.169). The adjusted means for the socket size on postoperative day 7 was significantly higher for diabetic than the non-diabetic group. Conclusion: The socket dimension was larger on postoperative day 7 in people with diabetes which suggested delayed healing without persistent complications. Dental extractions can be performed safely in optimally controlled diabetic patients with minimal complications.


Traditional methodologies in Model Driven Web Engineering, like WebML, are based on domain specific modeling languages. A Web application is usually designed using several Domain Specific Models (DSM), often based on different formalisms and abstraction levels. In this paper we propose a model-driven procedure for integrating pre-MDA DSMs within the MDA framework. The DSMs, originally expressed in different formalisms, are translated into a unified representation that conforms to a MDA metamodel. The procedure, given the definition of suitable model transformations, is completely automatic. The proposed framework is fully implemented for the WebML metamodel and can be generalized to other Web engineering approaches.


Resumen en: Jesus Colon's autobiographical A Puerto Rican in New York evidences a transitional stage in the intellectual development of oppositional consciousness in...


The article analyzes the economic, political and cultural exchanges between Russia and China before 1900 and at the beginning of the 20th century, which were the prerequisites and the basis for the spread of Herzen's work and Russian literature in China. The article deals with the humanitarian traditions of Russian literature and the free spirit of Russian writers, represented by Herzen, which were in demand in Chinese literature of that time as well as in Russian. The article reveals the phenomenon of the perception of Herzen's literary and social ideas by Chinese revolutionary leaders (Liang Qichao and Li Dazhao). The author analyzes the similarities and differences in their perception and understanding of Herzen's ideas. The analysis of the factor of Herzen's reception in China is significant for subsequent Herzen studies in China, the study of the Russian-Chinese literary dialogue and the prospects of world literary development in the context of globalization. The beginning of literary Herzen studies in China gave impetus to the gradual transition of researchers to the study of the content, artistic form and other literary merits of Herzen's works.


This article considers how Roy Williams's 2003 play, which dramatises a black-on-black killing and the flawed police investigation which follows, represents contemporary British society, particularly in relation to the vexed question of multiculturalism. Some have described Fallout as limited and bleak, reinforcing stereotypes of black experience and identity. By contrast, this article demonstrates that the play, through its analysis of both a conflicted police service and the societal divisions that push black youths towards criminality, draws attention to the underlying systemic causes of inner city violence and makes a constructive and valuable contribution to ongoing public debate.


Objective
To analyze the genetic characteristics of norovirus(NoV) in Jilin province from 2014 to 2016.

Methods
Stool samples from children under 5 years of age with diarrhea were collected from Changchun Children′s Hospital. Samples were amplified by RT-PCR. The polymerase and capsid gene of the positive specimens were amplified.Sequences were analyzed by homologous comparison and phylogenetic analysis.

Results
A total of 1 335 samples were detected, 177 were positive for NoV, and positive rate was 13.26%. The positive rate was 11.83% in 2014, 12.53% in 2015 and 15.75% in 2016. Genotyping of polymerase region revealed GII.P12 types dominated in 2014 and GII.Pe types dominated in 2015 and 2016. Genotyping of polymerase region revealed that GII.3 types dominated in 2014 and GII.4_Sydney2012 types dominated in 2015 and 2016. The types of both regions included GII.P17/GII.17, GII.Pe/GII.4_Sydney2012, GII.P12/GII.3, GII.Pe/GII.3、GII.P16/GII.2 and GII.P7/GII.6.

Conclusions
Genotypes of NoV infection are diverse in Jilin province. Most of them are recombinant strains. The main epidemic strains changed from GII.P12/GII.3 in 2014 to GII.Pe/GII.4_Sydney2012 in 2015 and 2016.

Key words:
Norovirus; Genotyping; Recombination; Diarrhea


Ensemble approaches to classification have attracted a great deal of interest in recent years. Many methods have been developed to create the diversity among the classifiers. At present, there are two kinds of diversity creation methods: data partitioning and attributes partitioning. In some applications, attribute partitioning methods are capable of performance superior to data partitioning methods in ensemble learning.In this paper, an ensemble learning algorithm based on attribute selection and diversity measure ASDM is proposed. This algorithm adopts the entire measure of diversity in an ensemble classifier. When a classifier is learned on a random attribute subset, the entire diversity between the learned classifier and all current ensemble members are measured. If the diversity is significant, the learned classifier would be added into the ensemble, otherwise the learned classifier would be discarded. The experimental results show that the ensemble classifier based on attributes selection and diversity measure is effective.


In Drosophila, the IMD pathway is indispensable for proper innate immune responses. Infection by gram‐negative bacteria elicits a signaling cascade culminating in the rapid induction of antimicrobial peptide gene expression by the NF‐κB transcription factor Relish. Signal‐dependent activation of Relish is an essential component in the IMD pathway and is regulated by the Drosophila melanogaster IκB Kinase (DmIKK) complex. DmIKK is composed of two subunits: the catalytic subunit IKKβ and non‐catalytic subunit IKKγ. Like many protein kinases, DmIKK must be activated for proper catalysis. Although there has been extensive research into the signaling pathways of the Drosophila innate immune response, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that lead to DmIKK activation. Here we report expression, purification, and in vitro characterization of a catalytically active multi‐subunit DmIKK complex.


Introduction Self-assembly of nanocrystals has been considered as one of the most promising candidates for making future electronic and optical devices [1, 2]. However, even for the simplest case of drying a nanocrystal colloidal droplet, a variety of selfassembled structures can be formed. The physical properties of different assemblies can vary dramatically because of the structural difference. Recently, highly ordered two dimensional (2D) gold nanocrystal superlattices (NCSs) with domain size up to tens of microns were demonstrated by evaporating a nanocrystal colloidal droplet containing excess amount of dodecanethiol ligand molecules [3]. The extraordinary degree of ordering and the large domain size indicate the formation of NCSs might occur through an unique mechanism. We have carried out in situ small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements to elucidate the formation of gold NCSs as the colloidal droplet evaporates [4]. We have shown both the evaporation kinetics and particle interactions with the liquid-air interface are key parameters to tune the structure of nanocrystal superlattices. By varying these conditions, we can form both 2D superlattices or 3D superlattices with high structural ordering.


Ride-hailing, as an important part of the sharing economy in the transport sector, has gradually become a popular model of travel. Nowadays, ride-hailing is rapidly being adopted in Iran. Thus, there is a necessity to explore the factors that determine potential users' acceptance of ride-hailing services. To do so, a model was developed from a combination of the technology acceptance model with the information system success model and trust. About 500 users participated in this study, and 466 valid responses were collected. Structural equation modeling with mediation analysis was used to examine the data. Information and service quality have a significant influence on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. As predicted, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use both had a positive relationship with trust, and perceived usefulness had a positive relationship with behavioral intention. However, the predicted relationship that perceived ease of use had a positive relationship with behavioral intention was rejected. Furthermore, results underline the important role of trust as a mediator variable in the model. The model confirmed good explanatory power in the context of ride-hailing. This study expands the literature on technology acceptance by examining the mediating role of trust, a topic that has not previously been investigated. The paper points to the central role of trust in increasing intention to use ride-hailing, and ultimately the likelihood of this behavior.


Our paper focuses on Asian female managers and the influence of individual and organizational factors on objective and subjective career success. We use a survey and interviews of female managers in South Korea post-1997 Asian financial crisis and pre-2008 global financial crisis. Importantly, we find male-dominated business and societal cultures stemming from the context to be crucial. The implications of our findings include the greater need to take into account the restraints on individual actions and the need for state and management support. We conclude that the role of context is too often underplayed and needs to be more fully addressed in analysis of female careers in not only Asia, but also more widely.


This paper presents a new girder consisting of a trapezoidal pultruded glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) hat-shaped section commercially available as a sheet pile, but used in this study as a structural form for concrete. It can also offer continuity in the transverse direction through a pin-and-eye connection. Five 610 mm×325 mm and 3,300-mm-long girders were tested in flexure to examine different bond systems, voided and solid concrete cores, and the performance in positive and negative bending. Bond systems were wet adhesive bond to freshly cast concrete, adhesively bonded coarse aggregates, and mechanical shear studs. No slip was observed between concrete and the GFRP section until delamination failure occurred within a thin layer of cement mortar that remained attached to GFRP. The studs failed by pull out from the concrete flange. In general, 47–75% of the full strengths of concrete and GFRP were reached at ultimate bond failure. Wet adhesive bonding was the simplest and quickest to apply, while...


In this paper we test the joint implications for the intertemporal behavior of stock prices and dividends expressed in the Lintner dividend model and the present value model of stock prices. We use macro data corresponding to quarterly S&P 500 index prices and dividends for January 1930-December 1990. The methodology used is the error correction model (ECM), which allows testing for long-term and short-term relations between the two variables. Results from the ECM indicate that a long-term equilibrium relation exists between dividends and stock prices, and that an error-correction mechanism is at work when a disequilibrium exits between the two variables. Stock prices and dividends also influence each other in the short term. Finally, the results show that dividends and stock prices exhibit a contemporaneous causal relation.


Although odontoma is the most common odontogenic tumor, it seldom occurs in the maxillary sinus. We report a case of complex odontoma arising in the maxillary sinus. A 29-year-old man was referred to our department on September 20, 1994 for further evaluation of the right side of the maxilla. He had previously consulted a dental clinic for treatment in August 1994. Radiographic examination showed a radiopaque mass in the right side of the maxilla. There were no symptoms or abnormal clinical findings in either the oral cavity or the face. A computed tomographic scan displayed a high-density mass with an irregular outline in the right sinus. From these findings, the maxillary lesion was clinically diagnosed as a benign tumor (osteoma or odontoma). The lesion was enucleated under general anesthesia on February 14, 1995. The resected tumor was 40x 38x 30mm, grayish white, and bony hard. The histopathological diagnosis was a complex odontoma. He had no signs of recurrence sa of 2 years after surgery.


The Japanese practice an ancient art called Kintsugi. A craftsperson repairs broken pottery with gold or silver rendering it more beautiful than in its original state. Can clinicians engage in "Kintsugi Mind" and thereby emerge from this pandemic integrated and whole?
Yuan et al. (2021) conducted a meta-analysis including 88 studies of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following earlier pandemics and COVID-19. Health care professionals had the highest prevalence (26.9%) compared to infected cases and the public. Another type of trauma is called secondary or vicarious; it occurs when a person bears witness to suffering and death but remains powerless to change it; countless clinicians have experienced this over the past year. It manifests as emotional depletion, anxiety, insomnia, and impaired interpersonal relationships.
How can clinicians heal from their exposure to the pandemic? Post-traumatic growth (PTG) is defined as positive psychological changes following trauma. PTG manifests in five areas: appreciation of life, relating to others, personal strength, recognizing new possibilities, and spiritual change. A transformation in the person's world view and their place in it ensues. For health care professionals who are experiencing emotional distress, insomnia, or manifest PTSD symptoms they may heal by engaging in the six "Rs." These are: relating, resourcing, repatterning, reprocessing, reflecting, and rituals. Both PTG and these six practices may contribute to Kintsugi Mind. While this appears to place the onus on individuals, it is crucial that leaders in the health care system implement programs enabling HCPs to be restored, rather than broken by this crisis.


Deepwater drilling today - in the Gulf of Mexico and other basins worldwide - often involves drilling both salt and subsalt intervals. Over the past decade, the use of expandable concentric underreamers or "hole openers" in deepwater drilling has become widespread.


Interpreting the structure of noun phrases (NPs) is important for many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. This work extends the state-of-the-art in NP bracketing by: creating supervised models trained on a large annotated corpus; applying these to longer, more complex NPs; and using the resulting system to improve the output of the Bikel (2004) parser. Using a large corpus of manually annotated Penn Treebank NPs we have developed a supervised model that brackets simple NPs with 93.01% F-score. We extend the evaluation to include longer, more complex NPs that are rarely dealt with in the literature, attaining 91.44% F-score. Finally, we implement a post-processing module that brackets NPs identified by the Bikel (2004) parser, which outperforms the parser itself by 8.13% F-score.


Post‐translational attachment of fatty acids to proteins plays a fundamental role in signaling pathways in normal and cancer cells. Most fatty acylated proteins are localized within cells, but a subset are secreted, including Hedgehog and Wnt proteins. Hedgehog proteins, of which Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is the best studied, are modified by attachment of the 16‐carbon fatty acid palmitate during passage through the secretory pathway. Palmitoylation of Shh is mediated by Hedgehog Acyltransferase (Hhat) and is essential for short and long range Shh signaling in development and tumorigenesis. Hhat is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is a member of the membrane bound‐O‐acyltransferase (MBOAT) family of enzymes. The palmitoylation reaction occurs in the lumen of the ER, and thus palmitoyl‐CoA must be present in the ER lumen for Hhat to serve as a substrate. However, how palmitoyl‐CoA, which is not permeable across membranes, enters the ER lumen remains unknown. In mitochondria, a carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1/2) system shuttles palmitoyl‐CoA across both the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. We were interested in determining if a similar system exists in the ER or if the CPT1/2 system is shared at ER‐mitochondrial contact sites. Using cell‐based radiolabeling experiments, we showed that Etomoxir, a CPT1 inhibitor, strongly reduced palmitoylation of Shh but had no effect on palmitoylation of the Src family kinase Fyn, which is palmitoylated by cytoplasmic palmitoyl‐CoA. Etomoxir treatment had no effect on the ability of purified Hhat to palmitoylate Shh in vitro. We then developed in vitro assays to monitor palmitoyl‐CoA uptake into the lumen of microsomal membranes and to determine if Hhat plays a role in promoting this process. Using either fluorescent (NBD) or radiolabeled (125I) analogs of palmitoyl‐CoA, we observed a 3‐fold increase in uptake of palmitoyl‐CoA into the lumen of microsomal membranes prepared from cells overexpressing Hhat compared to membranes from cells transfected with empty vector. Increased palmitoyl‐CoA uptake was dependent on Hhat catalytic activity, as it was inhibited by a small molecule Hhat inhibitor and was not observed with H379A, an inactive Hhat mutant. Palmitoyl‐CoA uptake was also reduced after treatment of membranes with Etomoxir, and addition of the CPT1 substrate carnitine counteracted this inhibition. Microsomal membranes from Hhat −/− cells exhibited 2‐fold lower palmitoyl‐CoA uptake, compared to membranes from wild type cells, which supports the hypothesis that endogenous Hhat enhances uptake of this fatty acyl CoA. Taken together, this data suggests that a CPT1/2‐like system exists in the ER, or as part of an ER‐mitochondrial contact site. This system, along with Hhat, promotes uptake of palmitoyl CoA into the ER lumen to enable Hhat to catalyze fatty acylation of Shh. Understanding the mechanism by which fatty acids enter the ER lumen and are attached to proteins involved in cell signaling pathways can potentially reveal novel therapeutic targets in cancers characterized by aberrant signaling pathways.‐‐‐‐‐


Production of defect-free galvanized steel sheet is considered a major concern for automotive and other critical applications; nevertheless, the occurrence of some defects in the coated sheets is unavoidable. In order to alleviate the problem, we need to know the extent to which the properties of a galvanized sheet are influenced by the presence of a given defect. In this investigation, specimens including any of the two major defects of continuously galvanized steel sheets were selected from a large number of coated samples. The defects, including furnace roll pimples and bare spots, were microstructurally characterized and their influence on corrosion behaviour and mechanical properties of the steel sheet was evaluated. Corrosion resistance was examined via standard salt spray test and Tafel polarization. Tensile test was employed as a measure of mechanical properties of the defective galvanized sheets. The results indicated that the presence of defects had little influence on the tensile properties of the samples, but considerably reduced their corrosion resistance. Based on the results of salt spray tests, pimples reduced corrosion resistance of galvanized sheets 23 % (50 hours) on average and bare spot defects caused reduction in corrosion resistance up to 39%.


The concept of lattice complexes due to C. Hermann is applied to the sets of equivalent points in planar groups. Based on his nomenclature for invariant lattice complexes a symbolism is derived with the use of symbols for point complexes and their arrangement in addition. It is possible to construct each lattice complex from its symbol. The concept can be applied to space groups. All of these lattice complexes are tabulated together with their sets of equivalent points. Some applications are discussed. The efficiency of the conception is demonstrated by tables containing the relations between sets of equivalent points in different planar groups.


In this paper, we propose a finite representation of recur sively defined Petri nets in the framework of the Petri Box Calculus. This is achieved by using higher level nets to gether with an equivalence on markings in order to enter in or return from recursive calls.


In global market, every company needs to specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals that a company sets to achieve its overall mission and vision. In finance, the company might include its goals related to revenue growth, profitability, cash flow, or return on investment. Thus, the present study aims to analyse the financial distress of the PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia, Tbk using Springate approach. This study is designed using descriptive and comparative qualitative data analysis. The data retrieved from http//: www.idx.co.id. The result indicates that PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia, Tbk is in the healthy category, on the basis of data from 2016 to 2019. Also, the data in 2020 shows PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia, Tbk is in the category prone to bankruptcy. It indicates that S value obtained in 2016 was 1.6084, 2017 was 1.5698, 2018 was 1.3364 and 2019 was 1.1846, where all S is greater than 1.062. For 2020, S value is 1.0380 was obtained which was 0.862 < S < 1.062. Of these, several policies need to be taken to keep the company in good health, such as increase the profits, sales and reduce the amount of debt.


Using III-V dielectric metasurfaces, we experimentally demonstrate resonantly enhanced nonlinear optical processes up to fifth-order including sum-frequency generation, four-wave mixing, 2nd-, 3rd-, and 4th-harmonic generations, etc., with spectra spanning the UV to the near-IR.


"Science on the air" is an enjoyable and extremely well researched account of the origins of science programming in north American radio. From 1923 to the mid-50s, LaFollette takes us in a journey through the life and programs of many scientists, journalists and storytellers who chosed radio as a medium for science communication. A journey who allow the reader to visit many success, but also many incomprehension and missed opportunities, mainly by scientific institutions, who often failed to understand the potential of radio as a tool for science communication. It is a fully enjoyable journey, that leave the reader with an appetite to know how the US situation relates to other wonderful experiences around the world in the same years, and how those pioneer experiences influenced today's landscape. When browsing through the rich bibliography of Marcel LaFollette's book Science on the air, one immediately observe three main features. Only a handful of books or papers quoted are published after 2000; almost no reference point to science and technology studies or science communication studies; almost no reference concerns studies published outside the Anglo-Saxon world. These observations outline the three main drawbacks of the book. But it is worth coming back to them only after having reported about the pleasure of reading an informative, well documented, well written, intelligent account of a little known facet of science communication history. In another recent book about science in radio broadcasting (focused on Europe and on present time) we denounced the void that surrounds the analysis of the role of the radio in science communication, if compared with the analysis of other media such as television or science centres, quoting LaFollette's earlier works as a notable exception. This new book is therefore highly welcomed. The corpus of LaFollette research concentrates on the early history of science in radio broadcasting in the United States (with a chapter devoted to television: we will not discuss it here, as LaFollette is reportedly working on a full book about science and early television and we look forward to review it): the book "chronicles the efforts of [those] popularizers, from 1923 to the mid-1950s, as they negotiated for time on the air". By applying all the best practices of a radio report, LaFollette transform a meticulous work in the archives of the Science Service agency and other science popularisation experiences on air into a captivating account of the efforts, the achievements and the ideologies of a number of fascinating men (and too few women, as she does not fail to underline...). If their efforts and their achievements is what makes the reading of the book truly enjoyable, it is their ideology, or more simply their views about the role of the radio in science communication, that is probably of specific interest for the Jcom reader. Thanks to this account, we can appreciate how many different views of science communication can exists and have existed or cohexisted over the years. According to Austin Hobart Clark, for example, a curator of the Smithsonian Institution to whom we owe one of the first science chronicles in American radio, in 1923, science talks on the radio "must be wholly accurate, dignified, and without reference to controversial points", which would "discredit" science. A principle used to justify avoiding talking about evolution, for example. This view did not prevent Clark to establish a long lasting personal and professional friendship with Thornton Burgess, author of children books on nature, initiator of the Radio Nature League, who used the radio to mobilize young Americans in preservation efforts. Burgess (as


Planned, individualized vocabulary instruction is an essential ingredient of developmental reading classes. The importance of the knowledge acquired through such instruct i on is underscored by re-examining just what it means to know a word. Although it is still not clear "if Ludwig Wittgenstein and Bertrand Russell were left in a room for three hours, they could decide that they really knew the meaning of dog (Anderson and Freebody, 1981), it is certain that words symbolize concepts and that conceptual knowledge is a requisite for reading comprehension. As Roe, Stoodt and Burns (1983) explain, "Words are labels for thoughts, ideas, concepts, and for the relationships among them; thus, words permit the manipulation of ideas." INDIVIDUALIZED VOCABULARY INSTRUCTION IN DEVELOPMENTAL READING Loren C. Thompson Univ. of Houston Alan M. Frager Miami Univ.,Oxford, Ohio Planned, individualized vocabulary instruction is an essential ingredient of developmental reading classes. The importance of the knowledge acquired through such instruct i on is underscored by re-exami n i ng just what it means to know a word. Although it is still not clear "if Ludwig Wittgenstein and Bertrand Russell were left in a room for three hours, they could decide that they really knew the mean i ng of I dog I II (Anderson and Freebody, 1981), it is certain that words symbolize concepts and that conceptual knowledge is a requiSite for reading comprehension. As Roe, Stoodt and Burns (1983) explain, "Words are 1 abe 1 s for thoughts, ideas, concepts, and for the reI at i onsh i ps among them; thus, words permi t the man i pu 1 ation of ideas." Vocabulary instruction deserves special attention in developmental reading classes since expanding word knowledge is the one area related to reading comprehension in which dai ly or weekly increments of student progress can be direct ly observed and measured by the 1 earner. Un 1 ike assessing the development of skill in inferencing or critical reading, indicators of progress in vocabulary acquisition--such as the number of words learned per week --is easily monitored and graphically illustrated. Such immediate and concrete feedback about learning can make a cri t i ca 1 contri but i on toward i mprov i ng the atti tudes and performances of academically deficient students who may be experiencing considerable frustration and self-doubt. Methods for teaching vocabulary in developmental reading, or any classes, should be based on research findings and sound educational theory. Although there has not been an abundance of recent research on effecti ve methods of vocabulary instruction, key studies and the experiences of teachers strongly indicates two factors which appear to exert the most positive influence upon vocabulary acquisition. The first of these is the utilization of each student I s persona 1 ex per i ence and ex i st i ng know 1 edge base to aid with the integration of new, unfamiliar words into that individual I s vocabulary bank. In their review


We investigated the effect of OGD on mitochondrial (mito) fission and fusion processes in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons. Mito dynamics were characterized by analyzing levels of mito fission/fusion proteins, electron transport proteins and mito DNA as well as mito morphological. The effect of fission blocker 15d‐Prostaglandin J2 (15‐d‐PGJ2) was also investigated. 3h OGD followed by 24 hr recovery resulted in an increase in mito DNA and complex II, IV, and V proteins, and the mitochondria became enlarged. Fission protein dynamin related protein‐1 (Drp1) was significantly lower by the end of OGD, and was totally degraded by 6h of reoxygenation. The amount of fusion proteins mitofusin‐2 (Mfn‐2) and optic atrophy‐1 (OPA‐1) also decreased significantly after OGD. 15d‐PGJ2 pretreatment dose‐dependently decreased viability in control neurons, which was further decreased following OGD. Furthermore, 15‐PGJ2 treatment decreased Drp1 in controls, but increased it after OGD while changing the shape and the number of mitochondria in the neurons. We conclude that OGD increased respiratory complex proteins and mito DNA in neurons, while levels of fission protein Drp1, fusion protein Mfn2 and OPA1 decreased. Additionally, PGJ2 treatment may promote neuronal cell death by inhibiting Drp1 in untreated and OGD conditions. Supported by HL‐07731 and HL093554.


During three years a computer program for nitrogen fertilizer recommendations to cereals was tested at selected winter wheat fields of an agricultural farm in Mockem near Altenburg in eastern Thuringia. During elongation phase, the following parameters were measured: dry matter (DM), canopy structure (shoot height - SH; shoot number - SN max ), nitrogen concentration (N %) and nitrogen uptake (NU). The data were used to validate independent parameters of regression functions that calculate actual dry matter and nitrogen uptake as components of the tested computer program. Correlation analyses of data were followed by estimations of site specific parameters of corresponding models: DM = f (SH,SN); N % = f (DM) = a × (DM) -b ; NU = f (DM;N %) and NU = f (DM) = 0.1a × (DM) (1-b) . Site and year specific validations are presented. The validation of dry matter calculations was successful but strictly limited to the elongation phase (DC31-DC55), which coincides with model theory. Year specific variability occurred in nitrogen concentration with increasing dry matter accumulation. The range of measured nitrogen uptake (NU meas ) of 30 to 300 kg N × ha corresponded with the calculated one (NU calc ) between 30 and 250 kg N × ha -1 . Reliable results of NU calc validations were obtained from the beginning to the end of shoot elongation at a NU range of 30 to 180 kg N × ha -1 . The investigation showed the possibility to validate dry matter and nitrogen uptake estimations despite of differences in specific years. However, for further improving of model precision beside canopy structure climatic variables (radiation, temperature rsp. water balance) and soil nitrogen dynamics should be considered.


This paper is a research on the present application of the supporting vector machines in the text classification.At first my paper introduces the basic methods of supporting vector machines,and then gives a general description through the comparison of different meth-ods of classification algorithm on supporting vector machines.And it also presents a forecast on future's developments.


A novel approach for H∞ robust PID synthesis is developed for wastewater treatment system. In operational terms, the simplification model is obtained by simplifying the Activated Sludge Model No.1 (ASM1). The main objective of this paper is to synthesize a robust PID control structure, which keep the substrate concentration and dissolved oxygen concentration below standards by law with the various disturbances. Different from the traditional design method, the robust PID controller is designed based on the H∞ specifications in combination with a genetic algorithm (GA). The genetic algorithm is used to tune the optimized PID controller parameters constrained by H∞ specifications. The simulation results show that the closed-loop wastewater treatment control system satisfies given multiple H∞ specifications and has fast tracking ability and good ability to overcome the noise disturbance. The proposed idea also can be used to deal with many complex output feedback control problems.


Vapor pressure of chlorine trifluoride was measured by a static-type apparatus from 300 K to 317 K with corresponding pressures from 0.1848 MPa to 0.3349 MPa. The uncertainty of the measurement was less than ±0.03 K in temperature and ±0.3 kPa in pressure. The purity of the sample was more than 99.9999 mass %. The vapor pressure at 313.15 K was 0.2947 MPa. The experimental data were correlated by the Antoine and Frost−Kalkwarf equations. The correlated deviations of both equations were less than ±0.05%.


Researchers in Human Factors and psychology are frequently interested in measuring mental workload, the limitation and capacity of the human cognitive system. Empirical data show that workload measures, although generally correlated, demonstrate disagreement in some instances. In the current work, I present a systematic investigation of the determinants of association and dissociation between subjective and objective estimates of. Specifically, I focus on the distinction between task-driven (bottom-up) efforts and goal-driven (top-down) efforts, based on findings from the metacognition literature. In three experiments, an Oddball task was performed individually or concurrently with a tracking task while task-driven and goal-driven efforts were manipulated. Subjective workload (SWL) associated with performance when efforts were task-driven, but not when goal-driven. SWL and the P3 event-related potential dissociated when efforts were goal-driven, but showed an inconsistent pattern when efforts were task-driven. These results are discussed and explained within the theoretical framework of metacognition and dual-process theories.


Abstract: This study proposes a method for recognising motions through image processing. In this project, we create a sign detector that can be readily enhanced to recognise a wide range of various signs and hand gestures, such as the alphabets, and that can recognise numbers from 1 to 10.. We used the Python Keras and OpenCV libraries to create this project. Applications for this project are incredibly diverse. Machine learning is usedto build models, extract key features, and construct applications since it has access to enormous databases. Machine learning can be used in our daily lives to make living easier. Deep learningis used to detect signs in sign language, which is a complicated process.


However, instead of seeing this as a binary question "must be one or another", in my view a competent central banker should possess the qualities of both the fox and the hedgehog. Pursuing the price stability objective with consistency and resolve, while keeping sound focus on sustainable economic growth and job creation, requires traits of the hedgehog. At the same time, having a keen strategic understanding of the interplay between the economy and politics, the markets and the media – and knowing when to play offense, when to stick to defence, and when to combine the two! – are obvious attributes of the fox.


Mass angle of repose (that is, the angle at which a mass of sliding particles will come to rest) is a fundamental material property that is needed to design drainage channel linings composed of open-graded riprap stone, also called dumped rock riprap, which protect earthen slopes from erosion by flowing water. Multiple regression analysis of measurements at 74 stockpiles of dumped natural and crushed rock shows the angle to depend primarily on rock particle angularity and, to lesser extents, on the gradation and the median particle diameter of the stone mixture, the angle increasing with angularity, mixture nonuniformity, and particle size. Uncomplicated expressions are developed from the data to calculate the expected mass angle of repose of open-graded rock riprap along with prediction intervals.


This study aims to examine the effects of cross-age reading on elementary underachievers' English reading abilities and their attitudes towards...


The Kerr effect in unconventional superconductors such as Sr2RuO4 can be understood as a result of p-wave pairing in a coupled multi-band system. The combination of these lead to Berry curvatures in the quasiparticle eigenfunctions which can be linked to the relevant optical matrix elements describing the Kerr response. We further show that a bulk orbital magnetic moment also arises in this system, which can also be derived from Berry curvatures in the quasiparticle spectra. We discuss the possible application of these ideas in other recently discovered superconductors showing evidence for time reversal symmetry breaking below Tc. I.2 Effect of pressure on pseudogap and CDW, measured with electrical and thermoelectrical probes Seyed Amirreza Ataei (University of Sherbrooke), Nicolas Doiron-Leyraud, Adrien Gourgout, Sven Badoux, Louis Taillefer Abstract: We have measured thermoelectricity properties (Seebeck and Nernst effect) on NdLSCO superconductors in high magnetic fields and investigated the effect of pressure on pseudogap in high dopings and its effect on the onset of CDW in low dopings. We have measured thermoelectricity properties (Seebeck and Nernst effect) on NdLSCO superconductors in high magnetic fields and investigated the effect of pressure on pseudogap in high dopings and its effect on the onset of CDW in low dopings. I.3 Structure of the Charge-Density Wave in Cuprate Superconductors: Lessons from NMR William Atkinson (Trent University), Arno Kampf, Steven Ufkes Abstract: Using a mix of numerical and analytic methods, we show that recent NMR 17O measurements provide detailed information about the structure of the chargedensity wave (CDW) phase in underdoped YBa2Cu3O{6+x}. We perform Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) calculations of both the local density of states and the orbitally resolved charge density, which are closely related to the Knight shift and electric quadrupole contributions to the NMR spectrum, using a microscopic model that was shown previously to agree closely with x-ray experiments. The BdG results reproduce qualitative features of the experimental spectrum extremely well. These results are interpreted in terms of a generic "hotspot" model that allows us to trace the origins of the NMR lineshapes. We find that three quantities---the orbital character of the Fermi surface at the hotspots, the Fermi surface curvature at the hotspots, and the CDW correlation length---are key in determining the lineshapes. Using a mix of numerical and analytic methods, we show that recent NMR 17O measurements provide detailed information about the structure of the chargedensity wave (CDW) phase in underdoped YBa2Cu3O{6+x}. We perform Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) calculations of both the local density of states and the orbitally resolved charge density, which are closely related to the Knight shift and electric quadrupole contributions to the NMR spectrum, using a microscopic model that was shown previously to agree closely with x-ray experiments. The BdG results reproduce qualitative features of the experimental spectrum extremely well. These results are interpreted in terms of a generic "hotspot" model that allows us to trace the origins of the NMR lineshapes. We find that three quantities---the orbital character of the Fermi surface at the hotspots, the Fermi surface curvature at the hotspots, and the CDW correlation length---are key in determining the lineshapes. I.4 Advanced neutron scattering results in alpha-RuCl3 Christian Balz (Oak-Ridge National Lab), S.E. Nagler, A. Banerjee, P. Lampen-


The " safety-curtain " General de Gaulle has abruptly dropped between us Anglo-Saxons and the European scene has made the traditional Englishman more selfconscious than ever before of the differences that separate him from other Europeans. What a pity we abandoned the common learned language, Latin, that was the passport to the mediaeval western world ! There was no linguistic bar in the way of William Harvey's studying-post-mediaevally-in the University of Padua.


Objectives: Pain caused by temporomandibular disorders originates from either muscular or articular conditions, or both. Distinguishing the precise source of the pain is a significant diagnostic challenge to clinicians, and effective management hinges on establishing a correct diagnosis temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction is a common condition that is best evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The important step in MR imaging of the TMJ is to evaluate the articular disk, or meniscus, in terms of its morphologic features and its location relative to the condyle in both closedand open-mouth positions. Disc location is of prime importance because the presence of a displaced disk is a critical sign of TMJ dysfunction. However asymptomatic volunteers can have disc displacement. It is important for the maxillofacial radiologist to detect early MR imaging signs of dysfunction, thereby avoiding the evolution of this condition to its advanced and irreversible phase which is characterized by osteoarthritic changes such as condylar flattening or osteophytes. Henceforth, the aim of the study was to evaluate MRI Characteristics of Disc Displacement of temporomandibular disorders and its correlation with clinical findings in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects Materials and Methods: In this clinical study, 30 patients (60 TMJs) were examined clinically and divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 15 patients with clinical signs and symptoms of TMDs either unilaterally or bilaterally and considered as study group. Group 2 consisted of 15 patients with no signs and symptoms of TMDs and considered as control group. MRI was done for both the TMJs of each patient. Displacement of the posterior band of articular disc in relation to the condyle was quantified as anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDR), anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWR), posterior disc displacement (PDD). Results: Disk displacement was found in 13 (86.7%) patients of 15 symptomatic subjects in Group 1 on MRI and 2 (13.3%) were diagnosed normal with no disc displacement. In Group 2, 1(6.7%) of 15 asymptomatic patients were diagnosed with disc displacement while 14 (93.3%) were normal. Sensitivity and Specificity tests were applied in both the groups to correlate MRI characterstics of disc displacement and clinical finding of TMD and results showed Sensitivity of 92.9% and Specificity of 87.5%. Conclusion: Disk displacement on MRI correlated well with presence or absence of clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders with high Sensitivity and Specificity of 92.9% and 87.5%


The author puts forward some teaching methods in light of practical teachin g of C language programming, and analyses these methods with practical example.T h is paper should have some reference to the teaching of basic computer theory.


The development of communication knowledge and skills for managing verbal disagreements is an important educational task in our increasingly diverse culture. Working from a constructivist framework, this study adapted an existing hierarchy of person‐centered persuasion to analyze student performance in 42 dyadic verbal disagreements. After participating in an argumentative conversation, students were evaluated by their partners on measures of opinion change, perceived persuasiveness, and social attractiveness. As expected, students using person‐centered tactics were rated by their partners as more persuasive. The partners' level of construct differentiation appeared to mediate some of these effects. In contrast, social attractiveness judgments were unaffected by tactic person‐centeredness. Results are interpreted as evidence of the representative validity of the person‐centered hierarchy for student samples. The usefulness of peer perceptions and interactive tasks in teaching person‐centered argument is d...


'Tian Yangtao 3'is a bud mutation of carambola.The fruit is long elliptic in shape,Its av- erage mass is 183 g and the soluble solids content is 12.6% ,total sugar is 8.9%,total acid is 0.18%.The flesh is delicate and crisp,less fiber.The flavor is sweet sour and the eating quality is very good.


Substantial effort has been devoted to exploring the transfer of human resource management practices within multinational companies. Particular attention has been paid to countries with 'strong' HRM traditions, to transfers between economically developed countries and to firms in the manufacturing sector. This paper addresses the transfer of a British-owned retail firm's HRM practices from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China. From a variety of perspectives the expectation might be that the transfer of parent-country practices in this instance would be limited: HRM has not been considered a particular strength of UK firms; retail firms operate in a multi-domestic context directly serving local customers rather than as part of an integrated international production network; and there is a high cultural distance between the UK and China. When this multinational retailer entered the China market the express intention was to replicate as nearly as possible the management style of its UK stores. This paper examines the extent to which the firm's parent-country HRM practices, which the company increasingly considers as a key source of competitive advantage, have in fact been transferred to the Chinese stores. The paper seeks to provide fresh insights on the phenomenon of transfer by adopting a qualitative case study approach. This study also focuses on shopfloor employees' perspectives rather than purely the view of managerial staff, as has tended to be the case. Several aspects of HRM transfer are explored briefly: communication with the workforce, work pattern, age composition of the workforce, reward system, training, and employee representation. Attention then focuses on the transfer of the firm's relatively flat organizational structure to a country which is perceived to place a high value on hierarchy, and where hierarchies tend to be quite rigid and clearly demarcated. This provides useful insights into the nature of the transfer process. It is suggested that structural dimensions such as the country of origin, the degree of international production integration and the nature of product markets appear to have less utility in explaining the transfer of HRM practices than institutional and cultural features of the host-country environment and, above all, specific firm-level practices and the presence of expatriates in key management roles.


Today's production systems need to adapt rapidly to changing product requirements. Adaptation can be eased by formal models, representing product requirements and system capabilities, which convey the needed information for adaptation planning activities. This paper presents an adaptation approach, which is based on matching the product requirements to the resource capabilities, and applies it to a practical case study in TUT-microfactory environment.


The planet's temperature has been increasing since the beginning of the industrial revolution, as documented in the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This affects the different components of the climate system, which in turn influence the climate (feedback mechanism). Therefore, to understand the physical processes associated with climate change, it is necessary to have a basic knowledge of the climate system, which is the focus of this study. The necessary knowledge is presented here, in simple language, so that the understanding of climate change is acquired by all those with an interest.


The aim of this paper was to examine the application of the Automatic Exchange of Information (AEoI) agreement through the point of view of Economic Analysis of Law Theory. This study used a normative legal method with a statute approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach. The result of this study indicated that: first, AEoI has caused a relocation of deposits but has not led to significant repatriation of funds. The least compliant country of AEoI receives incentives in the form of transferring funds from countries that are aggressively implementing AEoI. Hence, in general, it does not change the amount of funds managed abroad. Second, by using game theory: prisoner's dilemma, it is known that the best decision for Indonesia to respond to the AEoI is to conduct a moratorium on the AEoI agreement.


The invention discloses an automatic power consumption parameter testing device applied to an avionics device. The automatic power consumption parameter testing device applied to the avionics device comprises a testing unit and a testing adapter, wherein the testing unit is composed of a program-controlled direct-current power supply, an PXI testing case, a voltage and current acquisition circuit, a testing interface array and an input and output device, a power supply output by the program-controlled direct-current power supply is connected to the testing interface array after passing through the voltage and current acquisition circuit, all resource modules of the testing unit are controlled by a PXI control computer through PXI buses, and a testing program of the testing unit is run through testing software. By the adoption of the automatic power consumption parameter testing device and method applied to the avionics device, the level and capacity of testing the power consumption parameter of modules of aviation electronic products can be improved, and the maintenance cost of the products in the whole service life is reduced.


This booklet, which is written for adult literacy practitioners in Australia, argues that adult literacy practitioners working as trainers and assessors must become familiar with the tasks and texts used by competent workers in particular occupations and industries, and must understand how those tasks and texts fit within the broader social environments of individual workplaces. The booklet begins with a discussion of the concept of integrated literacy and the importance of determining which communication skills are required in specific workplaces and how those skills can be demonstrated in the workplace. The next section of the booklet examines two activities that are regularly performed by trainee clerks in city council offices: (1) face-to-face receipting of rate payments and updating of council files; and (2) official recording of complaints. The literacy competencies required by trainees for both activities are identified, the transcript of the talk occurring while the activities are performed is presented, and the competencies displayed by trainees are analyzed and compared with the currently authorized competencies. The booklet ends by considering the implications of the analysis for literacy trainers and teachers. The booklet contains 15 references. Appended is an explanation of the transcription notations used in the document. (MN) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.


Jubede snacks is a traditional kind of jenang food made by processed food craftsmen and sold at the center of souvenirs, markets or sold by traders around the terminal in Madura. Jubede snacks include foods that do not have long shelf life. The nutrients contained in jubede making ingredients include carbohydrates, fats, and proteins that can be used by yeast to grow and breed. The process of selecting raw materials, equipment, packaging and storage of jubede is suspected to be a factor causing yeast contamination. The study aims to determine the Total Plate Figures (ALT) of yeast colonies in jubede snacks, analyze the feasibility of consuming jubede snacks according to food safety criteria based on BPOM RI Number 16 of 2016 and the yeast genus contained in jubede snacks sold in the Kapedi market in Bluto Sumenep. The results showed a jubede sample sold by trader A with an average contamination of 0 colonies so that they were classified as suitable food for consumption. B, C and D traders are classified as food that is not suitable for consumption. Sample trader B has yeast contamination with an average value of 211x103 cfu/g, trader C has contamination with an average value of 93x103 cfu/g and trader D has contamination with an average value of 73x 103 cfu/g. The criteria that determine whether or not a food is suitable for consumption is based on BPOM RI regulation No. 16 of 2016 concerning microbiological criteria in processed food. The threshold of yeast contamination on processed food types such as jubede is 2 x 103 cfu/g. While the identification of morphological observations used include: colony color, colony surface, colony edge, colony elevation, colony transparency, cell shape, cell arrangement, and colony size.


In recent years, there has been an increase in attention to simultaneous operations, but their frequency does not meet real needs. The aim of the study was to determine the dynamics of surgeons' awareness of simultaneous surgery in combined abdominal pathology. The results of the survey of surgeons of surgical inpatient departments of regional, district and city hospitals, as well as institutes and university clinics of Poltava, Sumy, Rivne, Kharkiv, Luhansk and Donetsk regions (except for territories not controlled by the Ukrainian authorities) were analyzed. The sample was random within a homogeneous general population of surgeons. The first survey, which included 724 doctors, was conducted in 2016. The re-survey, conducted in 2020, involved 153 doctors. The subject of the survey was the state of simultaneous surgical interventions in surgical departments departments and the personal attitude of specialists to this type of intervention. The comparison of the survey results in 2016 and in 2020 was carried out using the criterion χ2. In response to questions about the feasibility of simultaneous implementation, there is an increase in the proportion of doctors who consider these losses appropriate - from 86.3% to 96.7%. The following questions show that practicing surgeons are more likely to perform simultaneous interventions themselves - their share has increased from 66.3% to 86.3%. At the same time, the number of doctors with skills and knowledge of a related specialty increased by 20% (from 27% to 47.1%), however, it is still less than half of doctors. The share of physicians who consider it appropriate to master a related specialty to be able to perform a wider range of simultaneous interventions increased from 68.0% to 80.4%. The share of physicians with minimally invasive techniques to perform simultaneous operations increased from 26.0% to 55.6%. There is a positive trend in the attitude of practitioners to simultaneous operations. For the further development of simultaneous operations in combined pathology, it is necessary to train "endoscopic surgeons", who must have the skills of related specialties.


The objective of the investigation was to adapt, implement and measure the impact of a selfcare training program based on mindfulness, in wellbeing, life satisfaction, stress and burn-out levels of teachers and other educational professionals. The training was implemented in four schools, with 22 participants and 21 participants in the control group. Results show that those who received the intervention had a statistically significant increase on life satisfaction and a decrease on stress, compared to the control group. No signifi cant effects on well-being and burnout were observed.


ABSTRACT. The WTO Doha Round of negotiations is deadlocked and adrift amid increasing global protectionism. The profusion of bilateral and plurilateral free trade agreements is adding to the confusion. A global solution is necessary for global problems.Keywords: WTO, trade, mercantilism, free trade agreements, Doha Round, 1.Introduction Singaporerecently played host to the 16th round of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) membership talks. Soon after, Japan announced plans to join the TPP. The 17th round of talks in May was held in Peru and optimistic negotiators say that member countries are on track to reach an accord by the end of the year.The recent proliferation of regional free trade agreements (FTAs) spells good news for the parties involved. But it is important that they do not become substitutes for a global solution in world trade. There remains a need for global rules to provide stability in world trade, given that the World Trade Organization's (WTO) long-running Doha trade negotiations are deadlocked amid increasing global protectionism. A global problem needs a global solution, and the Doha Round needs to get back on track with ministerial conferences.2. The Roots of FailureSingapore is keen for a successful conclusion to plurilateral trading agreements such as the TPP because the island has lived by trade since its early history. Our global trade accounts for $1 trillion annually, or three times the gross domestic product. Singapore trades with developed countries such as the United States and Japan and advanced developing countries such as China, under international rules set by the WTO and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which ensure open markets and fair and equitable terms. In retrospect, the first WTO ministerial conference in Singapore in 1996 marked the high water mark for multilateral trade negotiations.The success of GATT was highlighted by the broad-ranging consensus, exclusion of opt-out clauses (known as the single undertaking) and effective dispute settlement mechanism in the 1994 Uruguay Round agreements. However, the breadth of coverage, the inclusion of contentious 'behind the border' issues in later negotiations, changes in the distribution of power among major trading states and the participation of many more states as the WTO sought universal membership ensured that future WTO negotiations would be more difficult to conclude successfully. The norm in WTO is for consensus decisions and trade negotiations live by the dictum that "nothing is agreed until everything is agreed." This meant that the negotiations were held to ransom by delegations which were unwilling to compromise and which had few stakes in the successful outcome of negotiations or which took a 'take it or leave it' approach. As each round took longer to negotiate, often a decade or more, policy makers were unable to see the conclusion of negotiations during their tenure in office. The political will to trade concessions declined and posturing by marginal players in global trade increased the difficulty of reaching accords on contentious issues.These problems were papered over by the launch of the Doha Development Round in December 2001 amidst international solidarity in the aftermath of the AI Qaeda attacks on the United States in September 2001. But the roots of failure were already present: as the Doha Round was designated a 'Development' round, developing countries felt that the objective was to level the playing field through unilateral concessions by the industrialized world and the newly industrializing states. They did not appreciate that in the WTO context, the trading of reciprocal concessions ensured that a fundamentally mercantilist approach was taken to trade negotiations by the negotiating parties. More importantly, the inability of the leading powers in the closed door negotiations - the United States, European Union, China, India and Brazil - to reach agreement doomed the Doha Round. …


A true neonatal tail, which is present in caudal region with no connection to spinal space containing only muscle, connective tissue and covered with skin, is very rare presentation. Till now less than 40 cases have been reported in literature worldwide. Limb deformity may be associated with neonatal tail. A male neonate born to primigravida mother with birth weight 2855 gm had a neonatal tail associated with varus deformity of right ankle and syndactyly of right 3 rd , 4 th , 5 th toes.

https://www.pediatriconcall.com/articlepdf/Article_A true neonatal tail with limb defect A rare case report.pdf


In order to obtain the influence of the friction between a tobacco shreds' sample and its container wall on the determination of filling capacity, we have constructed a novel device capable of measuring both the friction index (FI) and the filling capacity (FC) of tobacco shreds simultaneously. With the device, the relationship among the"FI"or the"FC"and the levels of four factors were studied experimentally. The factors chosen were the variety of tobacco (Flue-cured V1 and Domestic V2 as typical ones in Japan), the leaf position on a stalk (p), the length of shreds (S) and the moisture content of tobacco (w). The results obtained were as follows:


ABSTRACT Vocabulary is important to reading achievement and overall school success; however, in spite of the research in support of vocabulary instruction, robust vocabulary instruction is lacking in many schools. The purpose of this study was to provide a team of three grade five teachers and an instructional coach with professional development on strategies for vocabulary instruction that was responsive to their immediate instructional goals. Further, we investigated how teachers interacted during the professional development to co-construct their understanding of effective vocabulary instruction over time. Two of the teachers and the instructional coach each had more than 10 years of teaching experience, while the third teacher had fewer than three years of experience. Using discourse and qualitative analysis techniques to examine transcripts of the professional development sessions, we found the teachers primarily discussed instructional strategies and co-constructed their understanding by asking and answering questions, reporting, and interthinking. We closely examined one teacher's shift in thinking regarding dictionary use in vocabulary instruction.