To overcome the environmental impact of cement production in concrete, the construction industry is adopting eco-friendly approaches, such as incorporating alternative and recycled materials and minimizing carbon emissions in concrete production. One such material that has gained prominence is ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). This study focuses on investigating the compressive strength of concrete at 28 days of age by examining the influences of several factors, such as temperature, water-to-binder ratio (w/b), GGBFS-to-binder ratio (GGBFS/b), fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and superplasticizer. A statistical modeling approach was employed to comprehensively analyze these parameters and assess their impact on compressive strength. To accomplish this, the study collected and analyzed data from the literature, resulting in a dataset of 210 observations. The dataset was divided into training and testing groups, and statistical analyses were performed to assess the relationships between the input parameters and compressive strength. The correlation analysis revealed insignificant relationships between the input parameters and compressive strength, indicating that multiple factors affect strength. Different models were employed to predict compressive strength, such as linear regression, nonlinear regression, quadratic, full quadratic models, and artificial neural networks (ANN). The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the factors that influence the compressive strength of concrete containing GGBFS. The results underscore the importance of considering multiple parameters to predict strength accurately.


The main purpose of this study was to explore problems faced by primary school principals in implementing pupil management. The sample consisted of 60 primary school principals from regions developed by the Primary Education Quality Improvement Project (PEQIP) participating in a management training held in IKIP Malang, 1997. Data were gathered by questionnaire and then verified by a group of peer reviewers. The results showed that problems faced by primary school principals in pupil management were school census, pupil recruitment, pupil orientation, pupil placement, pupil grouping, pupil discipline, guidance and counseling services, pupil evaluation, pupil mutation and school-leaving, and extra-curricular activities


This is the first report on successful production of somatic hybrid between cross-incompatible cultivars of sweet potato, lpomoea batatas (L.) Lam. The protoplasts of sweet potato cultivars, Koganesengan and Bitambi, belonging to the same cross-incompatible B group and not crossing with each other, were fused with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) solution and then cultured in modified liquid MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) medium containing 0.05 mg/l 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and 0.5 mg/l kinetin. Forty-five plants were obtained from the calli on the hormone-free medium by using the callus proliferation medium either supplemented with 2, 4-D and kinetin or abscisic acid (ABA), or supplemented with naphthalene aceic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Two plants were considered to be the somatic hybrids by analyzing their morphology, chromosome numbers and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The hybrids showed intermediate characters in leaf shape and leaf color between the two parents and had chromosome numbers that correspond to the sum of their parents (2n= 12x (2n+2n)= 180). By RAPD assay, they expressed some of the bands from both parents. They grew slowly in the field. One of them had the pollen fertility of 12.2 % when grafted on the morning-glory for flower induction. No seed was obtained by crossing with pollen of Kyushu No. 30 (cross-incompatible C group cultivar).


This prospective casecontrol study was done to compare the reliability of vaginal fluid creatinine and quantitative human chorionic gonadotropin for diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes. Patients and Methods: The study included 150 pregnant women between 2534 weeks of gestation attending AlAzhar University Hospitals. They were divided into three groups: Group (I) consisted of 50 patients with positive history of vaginal leakage and positive fluid leakage observed using sterile Cusco speculum. Group (II) consisted of 50 patients with positive history of vaginal leakage and negative fluid leakage observed using sterile Cusco speculum. Group (III) consisted of 50 pregnant women without any complaint or complication. All patients underwent full history, general examination, abdominal examination and sterile Cusco speculum examination. The vagina was washed by injection with a syringe filled with 3ml of saline solution, and 3ml the washing fluid was collected from the posterior vaginal fornix. The collected fluid was sent immediately to the laboratory for measuring of vaginal fluid creatinine & quantitative HCG. Results: The study showed that there was no significant statistical difference between confirmed, suspected and control groups as regard maternal age, parity and gestational age. There was significant statistical difference between confirmed, suspected and control groups as regard amniotic fluid index. The number of patients with AFI≤ 9 cm was 32 patients in confirmed group, 17 patients in suspected group and 4 patients in the control group. On the other hand the patients with the AFI >9 cm was 18 patients in confirmed group, 33 patients in suspected group and 46 patients in the control group. Analysis of results using Receiveroperator characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the best cutoff point for vaginal fluid creatinine among the studied groups in our study was 0.7 mg/dL with sensitivity, specificity, +ve predictive value, ve predictive value and accuracy were all 100%. The number of patients who exceeded the cutoff point for vaginal fluid creatinine was 50 patients in confirmed group, 22 patients in suspected group and no patients in the control group. Analysis of results using ROC curve showed that the best cutoff point for vaginal fluid HCG among the studied groups in our study was 47.0 mIU/mL with sensitivity 94%, specificity 86%, +ve predictive value 93.1%, ve predictive value 87.8% and accuracy 91.3%. The number of patients who exceeded the cutoff point for vaginal fluid HCG was 50 patients in confirmed group, 27 patients in suspected group and 8 patients in the control group. From the results of our study we could show that both vaginal fluid creatinine and HCG concentrations are good predictors of PROM but measurement of vaginal fluid creatinine is more reliable and less expensive than measurement of vaginal fluid HCG in diagnosing PROM. [Reham S. Mohamed, Rashed M. Rashed, Rabee A. Hassanein, AbdelRaouf Oun, Sahar M. AbdelMaksoud. Vaginal Fluid Creatinine versus Human Chorionic Gonadotropin for Diagnosis of Premature Rupture of Membranes. J Am Sci 2018;14(9):6066]. ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 10. doi:10.7537/marsjas140918.10.


Just because you can, doesn't make it right those are real people out there speak responsibly look your best respect the privacy of others remain cool under fire we all begin as clueless newbies tread carefully play by the rules of the house don't make noise respect resource limits ensure the integrity of the system don't go where you don't belong don't pollute watch where you are looking when someone tells you to stop, stop if it is not true, don't say it don't take candy from strangers if it is too good to be true, it probably is credit the source don't take without permission speak up for your rights get a life masks are only for play expand your mind read with your eyes open share your expertise lend a helping hand feel the funk, but do it anyway we are one world.


This is a summary of the results of all the experiments with artificial' fertilizers which have been conducted at the Experiment Station and cooperative out-stations since this work was begun, up to the present day. It comprises some 72 separate experiments, and these have consisted of a number of crops varying from one to eight with an average of three per experiment, i.e., plant cane and two ratoons. This represents over two hundred sets of results which have been tabulated and analysed. These again have been divided up to give the separate effects of (1) Phosphate, (2) Nitrogen, (3) Potash, and (4) Combination of NPK. An attempt has been made to correlate the results of experiments with soil types. As there are so many types of soil in the sugar belt, only a very broad classification has been used so as to simplify the tables as far as possible. It is intended in this paper to give some idea of the conclusions which have been drawn from all these results and how they have guided the present fertilizer policy of the sugar industry. Also to describe how past results have led to a series of investigations embodied in the present programme of crop husbandry experiments. The following points affecting design of experiments and selection of sites is of utmost importance in the light of past experience. (1) Reasonable soil uniformity is essential on the site of an experiment. The presence of ant-heaps, which are numerous in the coastal area, may completely upset the results of a trial. (2) The design must allow for a large .number of replications of the fertilizer treatments within an experiment. (3) Repetition of experiments on different soil types is very desireable. (4) The highly complex factorial experiment designed to answer many questions has been used with some measure of success, but latterly the split plot design including trash management and NPK treatments with greater differences in weights of fertilizer per acre a~e proving more suited to this crop. It will be noted in Table I that there are 29 experiments giving a significant response or a strong indication of a response and 23 giving no response. The first impression gained here is that very little has been proved, but on closer examination of these results it will be found that much has been learned and valuable information gained. .


The invention relates to a clean energy system, a renewable energy system or a zero emission energy system (ZEES) to utilize CO2 waste. The energy system may include a fuel processor, an energy catalytic reactor, and a power generator. The fuel processor may catalytically convert the CH4 component in the natural gas, biogas or syngas into a reformate including H2, CO, CO2 and H2O species. The energy reactor may convert the reformate in gas form into a liquid fuel. The power generator may generate power using an output of the fuel processor and/or an output of the energy reactor.


A comparison of locating charts with passive adaptation and hard basing for robotic assembly of cylindrical parts of the
"shaft—bushing" type is presented. The results of a physical experiment and an analytical solution to the problem using
the original models of the robotic assembly in a quasistatic setting are compared. The reactions at the contact points that
occur during the coupling process are determined.


The concrete durability is closely related to the corrosive medium transfer in the concrete. Several representative mass transfer processes in concrete and their theories are introduced, and the main factors affecting the mass transfer include concrete microstructure characters, medium properties and external conditions.


Background:
 While nuclear factor of activated T cells-cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) is a transcription factor that canonically plays a role in the immune response, it is also widely expressed in non-immune cells. A recent trans-ethnic meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) found that the
 NFATC1
 gene in humans was associated with chronic kidney disease. Additionally, renal
 Nfact1
 mRNA expression was decreased during high-salt exposure in a salt-sensitive murine model, suggesting a link between NFATc1 and salt-sensitive hypertension.

 Methods:
 Here, young adult heterozygous
 Nfatc1
 knockout mice (Het) and wild-type (WT) male mice on a salt-sensitive 129S6 background were studied. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements were obtained by either tail cuff manometry with at least 2 weeks of training or implanted radiotelemetry with at least 2 weeks of recovery following surgery. SBP was recorded on standard chow (NSD), on a matched high-salt diet (HSD, 6% total NaCl), or on standard chow with 1000 ng/kg/min angiotensin II (AngII) delivered by osmotic minipump. Pressure natriuresis was examined by correlating 24 h SBP from telemetry with 24 h urine sodium collected in metabolic cages before and for 3 days after switching from NSD to HSD.

 Results:
 On NSD, there was no difference in SBP between WT and Het mice (127.8±9.9 vs 125.8±8.7 mmHg, n = 9/group). However, while WT mice displayed an expected elevation in SBP after 3 weeks on HSD, Het mice showed no change in SBP, resulting in a statistically significant difference between genotypes (143.4±8.9 vs 125.7±10.6 mmHg, p = 0.0024, n = 9/group). Pressure natriuresis curves were not significantly different between genotypes. SBP was not significantly different on AngII (167.6±22.2 vs 161.8±10.9 mmHg, n = 2/3).

 Conclusion:
 Our preliminary data shows that decreased
 Nfatc1
 expression protects against salt-sensitive hypertension. However, this effect is not mediated through a change in pressure natriuresis, suggesting possible involvement of a vascular mechanism. NFATc1 is a potential therapeutic target in salt-sensitive hypertension.


An acoustic method of buried landmine detection consisting of excitation of the ground using airborne sound or seismic waves in the frequency range from about 50 Hz to 1000 Hz, and obtaining a velocity image of the ground surface with a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) has been developed and successfully tested in the laboratory and field experiments. The presence of a buried landmine can be detected by an abnormality in the velocity image. Initially, the scanning single‐beam LDV created a velocity image of the ground through point‐by‐point measurements, which resulted in a long measurement time. To reduce this measurement time, a multiple beam LDV having 16 beams configured in a linear array was developed and successfully used in field experiments. To further reduce the time of measurement, a full‐field LDV capable of making 256 vibration measurements in parallel on the target, configured as 16x16 square array of points equally separated in x‐ and y‐directions has been recently developed. The system is capable of creating a two‐dimensional vibrational velocity image of the ground surface in the time defined by the required frequency resolution. The parallel measurement makes the system a unique tool to measure transient vibrations.


Introduction: Coronary heart Disease (CHD) though primarily considered to be man's disease, it is also a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in middle aged women throughout world. Coronary manifestations occurs approximately 20 years later in women as compared to men and may have atypical presentations. The poor prognosis in women due CHD has been attributed to advanced age , concomitant medical illnesses, late presentation because of atypical presentations, ignorance of seriousness of the disease and delayed treatment. Materials and Methods: 80 consecutive female patients admitted in the department of Medicine and cardiology of Indira Gandhi Medical college Shimla from 1 st June 2008 to 31 st May 2009 were included in the study informed consent , demographic profile and risk factors were recorded. After focused clinical examination biochemical investigations such as RBS, Hb A1C, Lipid profile, 12 lead electrocardiogram and echocardiography etc. was done. Results: total 80 patients included in the study had mean age of 62.7 ± 13.6 years. The majority of females between the of age 61-70 years constituted 50% 0f study population. Dyslipidemia was the commonest risk factor followed by obesity, smoking ,hypertension and diabetes. Chest pain was the common presenting feature with atypical pain chest in 25% of females. Conclusion: CHD is a under diagnosed undertreated and under researched disease in women for various reasons and it is more age dependent in women than in men. The primary care physicians, paramedics posted in peripheral institutes' should be appraised about the clinical profile ,risk factors of CHD in females so that effective therapy can be instituted in time to decrease subsequent morbidity and mortality.


Recent structural studies of organic minerals, coupled with the intense search for new carbon-containing mineral species, have revealed naturally occurring structures analogous to those of advanced materials, such as coordination polymers and even open metal–organic frameworks exhibiting nanometre-sized channels. While classifying such `non-conventional' minerals represents a challenge to usual mineral definitions, which focus largely on inorganic structures, this overview highlights the striking similarity of organic minerals to artificial organic and metal–organic materials, and shows how they can be classified using the principles of coordination chemistry and crystal engineering.


Silicon plays a key role in the ocean biogeochemical cycles by its direct link with the carbon
cycle through the chemical weathering of silicate minerals and transfer of carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere to the lithosphere and the massive transfer of carbon from the surface to
the deep seawater through sinking of marine siliceous phytoplankton such as diatoms.
Despite the great importance of silicon in biogeochemical cycles budgets of this element at
the scale of marginal seas, as Mediterranean sea, which are among the main contributors to
the global ocean, are scarce. On the other hand Mediterranean sea is well suited to monitor
elemental fluxes towards the open ocean because of the narrow connection with it. Recent
observations evidence that the silica cycle in the Mediterranean sea is characterized by a net
deficit of silicon. Observed fluxes are only partially able to compensate net losses, and
suggest a net accumulation in the western basin and a deficit in the eastern basin.
This research presents a review of the mass balance of the silicon through the exploration of
the potential role played by the atmospheric dust and particulate forms from river inputs,
taking into account also of the dynamic biogeochemical of the basin.
In addition, analysis of trace elements chemistry in seawater particulate, provides a good tool
to investigate on natural and anthropogenic sources influencing different area of the
Mediterranean basin.
The resulting contribution to dissolved Si contribution from atmospheric and river
particulates, shows a relatively low impact, in relation to the strongly variability of the
system, meant as a variation of atmospheric flows and river flows. There are considerable
difficulties associated with the assessment of the role of the particulate in the budget of the
silicon, therefore further investigations are needed to better constraint the silicon budget by
more specific data collection of particulate in seawater associated to estimates of
atmospheric deposition from satellite observations.
However the revisited budget based on an updated mass fluxes, specifically of deep waters, at
the Sicily strait , allows us to formulate a new hypothesis concerning biogeochemical
behavior of silicon in marine systems.


'Shared goals, from market-building to environmental protection and social inclusion, have enabled us to build unprecedented partnerships among business, Governments, civil society, labor and the United Nations, author are partners in the understanding that in our globalized world, many challenges are too interconnected and complex for any one sector to face alone'. This report tells the fascinating story of businesses rapidly growing engagement in tackling some of the world's most pressing challenges. It provides participants of the 12th International Business Forum (IBF) with an overview of the key facts, major trends and flash-point issues. Reflecting the focus of the IBF, the authors look at this through the lenses of anti-corruption and climate change.


The occurrence of the oppositely directed surface currents at the gas field Ivana (positioned in the northern Adriatic) during two consecutive bora episodes is explained by the detailed analyses of synoptic situations and several numerical experiments in which oceanographic model is forced with the wind stress and surface heat flux calculated from the fine resolution meteorological model outputs. Deep bora layer, associated with centre of cyclonic activity over the western Mediterranean and Genoa Bay, was accompanied by downwind surface currents at the gas field Ivana, whereas, on the other hand, cyclonic development characterised by inversion and southwesterly tropospheric wind above shallow bora layer induced upwind surface currents. The well expressed descent of isentropic surfaces in the bora layer observed in the latter situation is, according to Smith' s hydraulic theory, indicator of significant flow acceleration from the upstream to downstream bora region and consequently slower offshore bora decay. On the other hand, vertical atmospheric structure during the former episode gives no evidence of significant flow acceleration, which agrees with the supposed fast offshore velocity decay. Mesoscale meteorological model results provide insight into the offshore bora structure with northerly offshore wind followed by northeasterly flow occupying the whole northern Adriatic. Oceanographic model results showed that during the bora episode with lower speeds and fast offshore decay of the northeast wind component the surface currents along the transect Rovinj – Po River are dominantly in the downwind direction. During the bora episode characterised by strong intensity and slow offshore decay the cyclonic gyre is formed in the northernmost part of the Adriatic Sea due to the pronounced bora alongshore variability and the studied transect is influenced by the counter currents.


The environmental fate of neonicotinoids (NNs) is a key regulatory issue due to their widespread distribution, mobility, and role in honeybee colony collapse disorder. Here, we explore the potentia...


Allen (2001) proposed the " Getting Things Done " (GTD) method for personal productivity enhancement, and reduction of the stress caused by information overload. This paper argues that recent insights in psychology and cognitive science support and extend GTD's recommendations. We first summarize GTD with the help of a flowchart. We then review the theories of situated, embodied and distributed cognition that purport to explain how the brain processes information and plans actions in the real world. The conclusion is that the brain heavily relies on the environment, to function as an external memory, a trigger for actions, and a source of affordances, disturbances and feedback. We then show how these principles are practically implemented in GTD, with its focus on organizing tasks into " actionable " external memories, and on opportunistic, situation-dependent execution. Finally, we propose an extension of GTD to support collaborative work, inspired by the concept of stigmergy. Introduction Our present society is characterized by quickly growing complexity and change: opportunities, constraints, and objectives are in a constant flux. Managing the situation requires gathering and processing an incessant stream of potentially relevant information. As such, most of our day-today activities fall under the heading of knowledge work (Drucker, 1973). But how can we efficiently organize such heavily information-dependent work? While there is a large and established literature on how to organize traditional physical activities, such as industrial processes, the literature on knowledge management is as yet much less well developed, and mostly concerns the static storage and reuse of existing knowledge rather than the processing of incoming information. The extensive literature on information processing, on the other hand, mostly concerns computer systems rather than human information processing. Some aspects of human information processing, such as decision-making, project planning and problem solving, have been well investigated. However, the corresponding theories are not really helpful to cope with the information explosion, since they generally assume a given range of possibilities from which the best possible one is to be chosen. However, in a situation where new information may arrive by the minute, both the relevant options and the criteria for deciding between them are constantly changing. This makes formal optimization methods basically useless in day-today knowledge work. As Simon (1997) pointed out long ago, rationality is bounded: we never have the full information needed to make optimal choices. But Simon's alternative strategy of " satisficing " is flawed too: …


This special section in the Journal of Counseling & Development is presented primarily for counselors, counselor educators, and researchers who wish to publish in academic counseling journals, but the content is also relevant to readers who use counseling research findings in their work. Whereas some of the articles in this special section are directed toward aspects of the design, conduct, and publication of research, others are focused on preparing conceptual and practice-focused articles for publication, conducting ethical and responsible counseling research, and engaging in research with an international focus. We sought to cover counseling research broadly by including quantitative and qualitative approaches. We appreciate that we were selected as guest editors and are pleased the people who agreed to contribute to this special section are experienced, well-known, and frequently published authors in counselor education. Although each author was invited to submit a manuscript, each manuscript went through the same review process as other submissions to the journal. Trusty's article is about designing, conducting, and publishing quantitative research. He presents guidelines and processes for developing quantitative studies, including information on identifying research problems, defining the studies' parameters, designing studies, operationalizing variables, and selecting statistical analysis methods. He closes his article with guidelines for preparing quantitative articles for publication. In their article, Balkin and Sheperis examine statistical power, framing the discussion of power in a counseling context. They provide a solid rationale for the salience of power analysis, outline the principles of power analysis, and offer practical ways to calculate power. Particularly useful are their descriptions of how to effectively use the free computer software program G'Power. Whiston and Li's article on meta-analysis outlines the usefulness of meta-analyses for the knowledge base in counseling. They present the meta-analysis process in seven major steps, including rich information on coding and data analysis. Whiston and Li describe important decision points in conducting meta-analyses, and they offer numerous resources for researchers who are interested in performing meta-analyses. Guiffrida, Douthit, Lynch, and Mackie explore action research. They begin by emphasizing the relevance of action research for the field of counseling and then provide four major steps in the processes of planning, conducting, and presenting action research. Within their article, the important intersections of research and practice are illuminated, as are the intersections of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Hays and Wood's article provides a clear and concise overview of six qualitative research traditions used in counseling: grounded theory, phenomenology, consensual qualitative research, ethnography, narratology, and participatory action research. …


Google Maps is becoming popular in digital maps because of its user friendly human computerinteraction and easy to use Application Programming Interface (API) as a plugin to onlineapplications. Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is conceptualizing moving cars as nodes ina dynamic road network. VANETs help manage the traffic through communication messagesamong the vehicles. In huge traffic loads too many messages create network congestion andstarvation. The basic objective of this research is to augment conventional VANET by addingmessage prioritization methodology, i.e. messages for top priority vehicles will be transmittedprior to the ones with lower priority. To this end, an algorithm has been developed andimplemented in a web application that incorporates Google maps for getting and displayingvehicle information. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated using experiments forthroughput and congestion avoidance in the network.


Seven specimens were loaded with axial force and horizontal cycle force to analyze the hysteretic performance and the influencing factor as well.The influence of axial compression ratio and aspect ratio on the hysteretic performance was investigated,including the buckling behaviors and the energy dissipation.And the positive role of combined effects on the hysteretic performance of cold-formed specimens was studied emphatically.The experiment reveals that a large axial compression ratio incurs a serious decrease on hysteretic performance,while the combined effects give an increase on it.In addition,the numerical mode is set up.Considering double nonlinearity,the results of experiment and simulation match each other well.Based on the data,it is obtained that local buckling plays a great negative role during the loading course.At last,the characteristics of hysteretic performance of cold-formed steel specimens are concluded and some suggestions are given.


Congenital infections can cause newborn hearing loss. Although vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection is theoretically possible, this has not been proven yet. To our knowledge, there is no previous report on whether COVID‐19 infection during pregnancy can cause congenital hearing loss. This paper aimed to find an answer to this question.


Summary The level of plasma erythropoietin (ESF) from untreated baboon renal allotransplants, compatibly or incompatibly matched in terms of their major human ABO blood groups, was assayed in polycythemic mice. Postoperative rises in ESF occur within 7 days if graft thrombosis ensues. Other grafts exhibit progressive elevations in ESF activity, which correlate directly with the reduction in measured renal blood flow due to renal rejection. Azotemia does not evidently influence this response in this species. Compatibly matched animals demonstrate continued ESF responses despite restoration of peripheral hematocrit values to preoperative ranges.


Reading a book is also kind of better solution when you have no enough money or time to get your own adventure. This is one of the reasons we show the health information science first international conference his 2012 beijing china april 8 1


The fluid flow in a filter chamber, consisting of a rotating disk and a stationary plate, has been numerically investigated. A proposed model provided acceptable predictions for shear rate and frictional torque in laminar and turbulent flow regimes. Owing to the pronounced effect of the shear stress on the filtration rate, the data obtained were used in analysis of the influence of hydrodynamics on the shear stress field in the filter chamber.


The scalar and vector potentials of a magnetic multipole device are described in terms of magnetic field measurements gathered on either a cylindrical surface or a median plane. Fringe field effects and multipole contributions of arbitrary order, as well as the discrete nature of the field measurements, are taken into account. This description has been used to calculate the transfer function of the device, directly in terms of the field measurements. The method as described in this paper can be applied to single beam guiding elements as well as to clusters of elements, and can be extended to calculate the transfer function for a complete beam line setup or a storage ring. The accuracy of the results is only limited by the accuracy of the field measurements.


Recent experimental data suggest that spike-timing and membrane dynamics of biological neurons may encode information in a way not achievable using artificial neural networks (ANNs) or traditional machine learning algorithms. Practical applications of spike -coded neural networks include flexible and robust artificial intelligence that simultaneously utilize multiple sensory modalities (as do humans) in situation requiring pattern recognition, speech comprehension, and path planning. In particular, continuous speech recognition systems based on hidden Markov models or ANNs have not demonstrated human-like performance levels. To explore the computational capacity and scalability of multimodal neocortex, we have initiated a series of large-scale computer simulations of integrated auditory (spoken sentences) and visual (corresponding lip reading) perception and learning. We distributed more than 25,000 excitatory and inhibitory neurons in layered minicolumns, representing primary sensory and association cortex. Cell compartments included realistic mixtures of voltage-sensitive and calcium-dependent potassium channels. Three types of sentences (modified from the TIMIT corpus) were repetitively presented to the network, and layer-specific Hebbian learning was observed using partial depolarization to serve as a "reward" in association layers integrating auditory and visual spike -coded signals. Preliminary results suggest that computational models of this scope can produce realistic spike encoding o f human speech.


And as in the accidence the field which the historical grammarian surveys must be widened so as to include the cognate languages-for very often the simple and the original cannot be discovered by the study of one language alone, and recourse must be had to the comparative method--so, again, it is in syntactical investigations likewise, which the comparative method alone will render fruitful. Wright's Lectures and Zimmern's small, but valuable, treatise deal with the accidence solely. A comparative syntax of the Semitic languages does not exist. For Konig's book is, of course, a comparative syntax of the Hebrew language only. The difference is obvious and calls for no elucidation. But even here K6nig has few predecessors. The comparative element is a notable feature of the book. We must not expect everywhere an exhaustive discussion of the similar or the dissimilar. The mere juxtaposition of the usages in the various dialects is in itself helpful and stimulating. The crown of historico-comparative researches in the "Formenlehre" is the phonology; the laws of the change of sounds are mainly the laws of the development and derivation of forms. In the syntax, psychology is the ultimate court of appeal, and a psychological reduction of a complicated construction to its original meaning, or thought origin, is the goal and pride of historico-comparative investigations in syntax. Konig's Lehrgebaude has aimed at both; the principles which the young student laid down in his dissertation, Gedanke, Laut und Accent (1874), the mature scholar has conscientiously carried out in the work now auspiciously consummated. We congratulate Professor K6nig on the completion of his great work, which puts all students of Semitic philology, but particularly students of the Old Testament, under lasting obligations. MAx L. MARGOLIS. THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA.


The management and application of GIS in urban drainage system and operation business are presented. Its key elements of technique and management are analyzed, while some management systems built by GIS in Shanghai urban drainage are introduced in details.


This research aims to identify the determinants that promote the development of knowledge sharing culture in the construction industry. The construction industry is, unlike any other industries, which have hidden reservoirs of intelligence that remain largely untapped and unionized. Construction sector is fragmented and characterized by small and medium size organizations shall accommodate an interesting avenue for tapping into this hidden asset to capitalize on what collective organizations concern. Right organization characteristics along with right work practices are conducive to knowledge sharing which in turn influence the employees' behaviour. Consequently, there are four objectives of this study. First objective is to identify the practices for factors that promote the development of knowledge sharing culture. Second objective is to identify the preferred practices for each factor that promotes the development of knowledge sharing culture. Third objective is to investigate the relationship between the factors and the development of knowledge sharing culture. And finally, to investigate the relationship between the practices and the development of knowledge sharing culture. For the purpose of this study, six units of construction organizations in Sarawak are investigated through two major approaches which comprised of case study and questionnaire survey. Descriptive analysis, frequency analysis and one-sample t test analysis are applied to analyze the factors, practices and their significant relationship in promoting knowledge sharing culture. From the literature review, eight factors and 51 practices are identified as the determinants that promote the development of knowledge sharing culture. These factors and practices are verified through the case study interviews. Some 34 practices out of 51 practices being surveyed are identified as the preferred practices which act as promoters of knowledge sharing culture. The result of one-sample t test shows that the factor of strategy, structure, support mechanism, management development, communication, trust, motivation, learning and all the 51 identified practices are the contributing determinants that promote the development of knowledge sharing culture


Abstract To examine the effects of voice disorders after a laryngeal injuryon the changes in stress, this study examined the effects of the changes observed in laboratory animals and on stress reduction effects, by inducing a laryngeal injury in SD type rats after administering a kudzu leaf extract, which has a sedation effect. For testing, a total of 24 rats comprising the normal group, control group and experimental groups (1 and 2 6 rats in each group) were used, and antioxidant experiments and molecular and chemical tests were conducted by administering a specified amount of kudzu teaorally once a day at a set time, 6 times per week for 5 weeks. The control group appeared to be significantly higher than the normal group (p <0.05), whereas the experimental group showed significant decreases compared to the control group (p <0.05), showing a better result than the normal group. The test results showed that the kudzu leaf extract resulted in significant changes compared to the control group. Overall, the administration of kudzu leaf extract has stress reduction effects.


The functional limitations of modern corporate project and program management systems are presented. It is shown that the main limitation of such systems is connected with the weak implementation of organizational and methodological components, especially in the processes of project and program portfolio management. The structure of project and program portfolio management system, focused on the management of project portfolios in project-oriented companies, is proposed. The necessity of creating project and program portfolio management system in the companies involved in the implementation of a significant number of complex projects is justified. It was shown that since such systems combine organizational and methodological components, they are highly dependent on the construction of the project-oriented company itself. On its organizational structure, company management processes, peculiarities of the production process and its management. The consequence of this is the uniqueness of project and program portfolio management system. Description of organizational, methodological, and technological components of such system is given. The distinctive features of these components in different companies are described. It is shown that the organization of 3P-management is based on the creation of a service engaged in the implementation of project management in the company. The methodological component of project and program portfolio management system should be based on project management meta-methodology. And information technology should be based on a matrix model of interaction between company management tools and projects. The ways of integration of organizational, methodological and technological components of project and program portfolio management systems based on the implementation of a system-forming project of creating a project and program portfolio management system are presented.


Introduction: Farming could predispose an individual to developing musculoskeletal pain (MSP). This study investigated the pattern of MSP and associated factors among small scale rice farmers in Jigawa State. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, 552 peasant rice farmers were purposefully recruited from three Local Government Areas of Jigawa State, Nigeria. MSP was assessed with Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (Modified). The associations between MSP, work related factors and demographic characteristics of participants were analysed with Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests at significance level of 0.05 Result: Low back and knee joints pains were the most commonly reported MSP. Association exist between gender and each of hip joint pain (P<0.05) and elbow joint pain (P<0.05). There was association between neck pain and prolong daily hours of rice farming (P<0.05). Age and years of farming have no association with MSP (p>0.05). Conclusion: Low back pain is common among rice farmers in Jigawa State. Prolong daily hours of rice farming is associated with development of MSP.


In this paper we discuss the role and significance of European cultural identity in the formation of the urban environment in 19th-century and early-20th-century British Hong Kong. Our purpose is to offer an alternative reading of the social history of Hong Kong-the orthodox accounts of which remain largely predominant in the general historical understanding of that society-by examining the machinations that surrounded attempts by the European colonial elite to control the production of urban form and space in the capital city of Hong Kong, Victoria. Here the European Residential District ordinance of 1888 (along with other related ordinances) is considered in detail. An examination of European cultural self-perception and the construction of colonial identity is made by considering not only the actual ways in which urban form and space were manipulated through these ordinances but also the visual representation of the city in art. Here the intersection between ideas and images concerning civil society, cultural identity, architecture, and the official practices of colonial urban planning is demonstrated. It is argued that this coalescing of ideas, images, and practices in the colonial environment of British Hong Kong not only led to the racialisation of urban form and space there but also contributed to the apparent anxiety exhibited by the European population over the preservation of their own identity through the immediacy of the built environment.


Abstract : Small rotary-wing UAVs are susceptible to gusts and other environmental disturbances that a ect inow at their rotors. Inow variations cause unexpected aerodynamic forces through changes in thrust conditions and unmodeled blade apping dynamics. This pa- per introduces an onboard, pressure-based ow measurement system developed for a small quadrotor helicopter. The probe-based instrumentation package provides spatially dis- tributed airspeed measurements along each of the aircraft- xed axes. Lateral and vertical windspeed estimates enable the development of disturbance-tolerant ight control strate- gies. The focus of this paper is vertical ow disturbances such as those caused by the downwash of a second vehicle. Real-time velocity measurements are incorporated into a recursive Bayesian estimator to localize a nearby rotorcraft using its downwash. A path planner developed for proximity ight is demonstrated through indoor ight testing with multiple vehicles to safely guide an instrumented quadrotor around the downwash of nearby rotorcraft.


Review on TRB@ (T cell receptor beta), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated.


Automatic wood species identification systems have enabled fast and accurate identification of wood species outside of specialized laboratories with well-trained experts on wood species identification. Conventional automatic wood species identification systems consist of two major parts: a feature extractor and a classifier. Feature extractors require hand-engineering to obtain optimal features to quantify the content of an image. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which is one of the Deep Learning methods, trained for wood species can extract intrinsic feature representations and classify them correctly. It usually outperforms classifiers built on top of extracted features with a hand-tuning process. We developed an automatic wood species identification system utilizing CNN models such as LeNet, MiniVGGNet, and their variants. A smartphone camera was used for obtaining macroscopic images of rough sawn surfaces from cross sections of woods. Five Korean softwood species (cedar, cypress, Korean pine, Korean red pine, and larch) were under classification by the CNN models. The highest and most stable CNN model was LeNet3 that is two additional layers added to the original LeNet architecture. The accuracy of species identification by LeNet3 architecture for the five Korean softwood species was 99.3%. The result showed the automatic wood species identification system is sufficiently fast and accurate as well as small to be deployed to a mobile device such as a smartphone.


Maternal obesity during pregnancy is a public health burden that may be the underlying cause of the growing adult obesity rate worldwide. Understanding the relationship between maternal obesity and fetal obesity will provide useful information for the management and prevention of maternal and infant morbidity. Maternal obesity can adversely affect fetal development. Maternal obesity has become one of the most common risk factors in obstetric practice. Obesity in pregnancy is usually defined as a Body Mass Index [BMI] of 30 kg/m2 or more at the first antenatal consultation. In the management of obese women, pre-pregnancy weight loss through lifestyle improvements, particularly through individualized dietary therapy, appears to be important. Counseling to support improvements in diet and physical activity is considered a first-line intervention. This literature review discusses maternal obesity and its effects on mother and baby


Five rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties with different growth durations were grown in a flooded field with and without straw amendment in the dry and wet seasons of 1984. Plant growth components, plant-associated acetylene-reducing activity (ARA). bacterial enumeration, and soil ARA were measured throughout the rice growth cycle. Plant-associated ARA significantly differed among the varieties with and without straw incorporation in both the dry and wet seasons. Among the different growth stages, it was at the heading stage that i) differences in ARA among rice varieties were most evident, ii) coefficient of variation (CV) of rice plant-associated ARA among plots was lowest (13–17% in the dry season), and Hi) partial correlations between ARA and dry weight of root (shoot wt. constant) and shoot (root wt. constant) were significant. ARA of different varieties at heading was also positively correlated with total dry matter yield at maturity. Long-duration varieties had higher ARA per plant at heading than shor...


The three-dimensional (3D) chip stacking technology developed in ASET is a leading technology for realization of a high-density and high-performance system-in-package (SIP). As for the advanced interconnection technology, a 20-/spl mu/m-pitch low impedance vertical interconnection through Cu through via (TV) within thin chips plays the following roles: wide signal bus and very short electrical path for high-frequency signal transmission, strong power supplies and stable ground lines. The vertical interconnection was fabricated by inter chip connection (ICC) process, which includes Cu bump bonding (CBB) utilizing Cu-Sn diffusion for connecting Cu TVs without the formation of bumps on the chip back surface and encapsulation micro thin gap between chips. We elucidate the Cu-Sn diffusion phenomena and Cu oxide influence which were important CBB issues to realize the minute interconnection of Cu TVs. The temperature cycling test (TCT) was performed on chip on chip (COC) and 3D chip stacking structures fabricated by ICC process, and over 1,000 cycles reliability was confirmed. The consistent fabrication of vertical interconnection was realized. Then, we conducted the two important electrical evaluations. One is the DC resistance of the vertical interconnection, which measured only 15.4 m/spl Omega/ per layer. Another was the signal transmission delay, and only 0.9 ps was confirmed. Therefore, the vertical interconnection with Cu TV and ICC demonstrates the excellent capability of high performance interconnections on 3D chip stacking package. In addition, the micro scale strip line was evaluated to realize advanced SIP. The eye diagram on 3 Gbps indicated sufficient transmission. We will be able to realize high performance advanced SIP utilizing the vertical interconnection and high-speed horizontal line.


Abstract Fashion magazines have been shown to have a negative relationship with body dissatisfaction and psychological health, while the effects of health magazines on body dissatisfaction and psychological health have mainly been studied with men. However, because of gender differences, health magazine consumption effects on men cannot be applied equally to women. Therefore, the present study uses sociocultural theory to study health magazine and possible similarities to fashion magazine effects on women's body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. Sociocultural attitude toward appearance is then explored as a mediator and potential moderator in the established relationship between magazine consumption and psychological health, defined in this study as drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction. The sample of 230 college-age women completed a cross-sectional survey online. Results suggest differences between health and fashion magazines in their effects on body dissatisfaction. The results and their implications are discussed.


The topological complexity is a numerical invariant which measures the number of commands an autonomous robot needs in order to move in a space to perform a task. To explain these ideas, we will walk through the various algebraic definitions and provide physical examples along the way. We calculate the topological complexity for various scenarios, starting with a single robot moving on a simple space, we will add on to this scenario towards a final case including more robots and more complicated spaces where they move. Finally, we provide an example where two driverless vehicles move in a track joining seven colleges throughout Chicago. We determine the number of instructions as well as their content for this case study. (Ricky Salgado, Emiliano Velazquez) Wright College, 4300 N. Narragansett Avenue, Chicago, IL 60634 USA (Hellen Colman, Advisor) Department of Mathematics, Wright College, 4300 N. Narragansett Avenue, Chicago, IL 60634 USA E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com,


Mandarin is one of the major and highly commercialized fruit crops of Nepal. However, its productivity is widely varied throughout the country. The association of socio-economic characteristics of the farmers with the adoption of different orchard management practices and ultimately productivity is less known. Therefore, survey research was conducted in the Myagdi district to study the influence of socio-economic attributes on the adoption of different orchard management practices and their relation to the productivity of mandarin. A total sample size of 94 was selected by simple random sampling technique and interviewed with a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Data were entered and analyzed using MS Excel, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and STATA, and the inferences were retrieved using the binary logistic regression model and multiple linear regression model. The study showed that the education level of the farmers has a positive influence on the adoption of mulching (p = 0.04) and pruning (p = 0.07). The secondary income source of the household has a positive impact on the adoption of chemical fertilizers (p = 0.08) and pruning (p = 0.03). Commercial mandarin farming in larger area has a positive influence on the adoption of Bordeaux mixture (p = 0.03) and insect management (p = 0.01). Extension services has great influence on the adoption of chemical fertilizers (p = 0.02), mulching (p = 0.03), Bordeaux mixture (p = 0.00) and insect management (p = 0.1). However, education level (p = 0.05), area under mandarin farm (p = 0.09), and extension services (p = 0.00) discourage the adoption of intercropping in the mandarin orchard. The productivity of mandarin orchards was significantly enhanced by FYM application, chemical fertilizers, irrigation, weeding, and Bordeaux application. This study shows that the farmers with better socio-economic conditions are more likely to adopt improved management practices in mandarin orchard which in turn enhance their productivity.


A key issue in the desired operation and development of power networks is the knowledge of load growth and electricity demand in the coming years. Mid-term load forecasting (MTLF) has an important rule in planning and optimal use of power systems. However, MTLF is a complicated problem, and a lot of uncertain factors and variables disturb the load consumption pattern. This paper presents a practical approach for MTLF. A new deep learning restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is proposed for modelling and forecasting energy consumption. The contrastive divergence algorithm is presented for tuning the parameters. All parameters of RBMs, the number of input variables, the type of inputs, and also the layer and neuron numbers are optimized. A statistical approach is suggested to determine the effective input variables. In addition to the climate variables, such as temperature and humidity, the effects of other variables such as economic factors are also investigated. Finally, using simulated and real-world data examples, it is shown that for one year ahead, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the load peak is less than 5%. Moreover, for the 24-h pattern forecasting, the mean of MAPE for all days is less than 5%.


Geographic information systems GIS is one of the most effective tools in the management of information as they have managed to integrate geographic and alphanumeric portion in order to solve problems quickly and effectively. The purpose of this article is to develop a model to determine the optimal route for improving service dispatch goods "La Lecheria" in the municipality of Ubate, Cundinamarca.


Because mine coal with area is as so large as mining,so brings a lot of circumstances problems.How to deal with circumstances problems and sustain growth of production,needs reasonable ways.It is mine coal lasting exploit.Lasting exploit of coal mines will solve these problems,has great social efficient or economical results.


Objective To evaluate the quantitative value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in kidneys of healthy rabbits. To compare different quantitative results with different settings of region of interest(ROI) . Methods The contrast-enhanced ultrasound examinations were performed on both kidneys in 28 healthy rabbits. The slope rate of ascending curve(A) ,the slope rate of descending curve(α) ,areaunder curve(AUC) ,derived peak intensity(DPI) ,and time to peak(TTP) were measured in kidneys of rabbits using QLAB software package(Philips) and were statistically analyzed. Quantitative results of different ROIs were compared. Results The changes in A,α,AUC,DPI were not statistically significant between different shapes of ROI,respectively(P 0. 05) . The various changes of quantitative indexes were observed between ROIs in cortex and kidney medullar of rabbits. As to the different settings of ROIs in renal cortex,significant changes in DPI and TTP were found. Conclusion Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can provide accurate and convenient means of displaying the hemodynamic blood perfusion status of kidneys in rabbits. The shape,position and size of ROI would play an important role in the quantitative results.


The deployment of the Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) capability in the National Airspace System (NAS) has given relevance to the question of how to achieve registration between ADS-B position data and legacy radar positions for the same aircraft. Here we present a solution to the radar to ADS-B registration problem and provide detailed results of the robustness and accuracy performance of the algorithm. The Precision Radar Registration, or PR2, is an accurate and fast registration algorithm that uses ADS-B targets as a trusted source of geo-referenced positional information to compute biases in reported radar positions.


The invention discloses a lorentz-force axial magnetic bearing of an outer rotor. The lorentz-force axial magnetic bearing mainly comprises two parts, namely a stator system and a rotor system, wherein the stator system mainly comprises a skeleton, an upper winding, a lower winding, epoxy resin glue, magnetic-conductive seats and a stator locking nut; the rotor system mainly comprises upper magnetic steel, lower magnetic steel, a magnetic-isolated ring, a magnetic-conductive ring, a rotor locking nut and a sleeve. The lorentz-force axial magnetic bearing disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that the windings are directly provided with the magnetic-conductive seats with good heat-conductive performances, so that the copper loss and the rotary loss of the windings can be quickly conducted out by the magnetic-conductive seats; since a single-edge magnetic steel structure is adopted, the lorentz-force axial magnetic bearing has the advantages of simple structure, good linearity, high bandwidth, good heat conducting performance and the like, the structure reliability of the axial magnetic bearing is improved, and simultaneously the temperature rise of the magnetic bearing is reduced, so that the lorentz-force axial magnetic bearing can be used for non-contact suspension supporting such as a magnetic suspension momentum wheel and a magnetic-suspension gyroscope.


Background: Fever is a clinical manifestation that is often experienced by sick children. Fever can be dangerous if there is a high fever. Seizures can occur as a result of high fever which is not treated early, causing hypoxia of brain tissue and ultimately damage. According to WHO estimates that around 17 million cases of fever worldwide, there are 600,000 deaths each year.Purpose: This study aimed to find out effective interventions to reduce body temperature in children.Methods: This research used quantitative descriptive design with systematic review approach. The research instrument uses Duffy's Research Appraisal Checklist Approach.Results: After searching the article, there were 9 articles related to giving warm compresses, 6 articles with the location of administration in the axilla and tepid songe areas (wiping the whole body), 7 articles by giving compresses for 30 minutes and 10 articles with compressed water temperature 37oC.Conclusions: Of the 15 articles that have been traced successfully, the most interventions given were warm compresses in the axilla and tepid sponge areas by giving compresses for 30 minutes and compressed water temperature of 37oC


The aim of this study was to investigate changes in physiological stress markers as a consequence of workplace reorganization. Moreover, we aimed to investigate changes in the psychosocial work environment (job strain, effortreward imbalance (ERI), in psychological distress (stress symptoms, perceived stress) and the mediating effect of these factors on changes in physiological stress markers. We used data from a longitudinal study that studied the health consequences of a major reorganization of non-state public offices executed in Denmark on 1 January 2007. Collection of clinical and questionnaire data was in 2006 and 2008, and in this sub-study we included 359 participants. To reflect stress reactions of the autonomic nervous system, the endocrine system and the immune system, we included 13 physiological markers. We observed significant change in several physiological stress markers. Moreover stress symptoms and perceived stress increased significantly but did not explain the physiological changes. ERI and job strain did not change significantly and adjustment for these factors did not change the results. In this study, we found a significant association between workplace reorganization and changes in several physiological stress markers. However, these changes could not be explained by a significant change in psychological distress.


building blocks: A case study of core-shell polypyrrole-coated copper nanoneedles". Coatings , 2020, 10, 347. Core-shell polypyrrole coated copper nanoneedles can be synthesized by using copper chloride and pyrrole as the precursors. The reaction was conducted in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and initiated by the addition of hydrazine monohydrate, as the reducing agent. The whole synthesis process can be completed facilely in a one-pot manner within 1 hour. The as-obtained nanostructures showed a needle-like morphology. Their core-shell conformation was revealed by transmission electron microscopy, as a thin nanocoating of polypyrrole was formed on the surface of the copper nanoneedles. The as-obtained polypyrrole coated copper nanoneedles showed distinct catalytic and anti-corrosion properties. They can also be used as building blocks to construct superhydrophobic surface with tunable adhesion.


The further our schools advance along the road of implementing the School Law, the better we understand the Party policy of strengthening the ties between the school and life, between labor and communist construction. This policy requires an increase and broadening of the pupils' knowledge and an organic combination of education with productive labor, so that the younger generation may be better prepared for creative work and their abilities developed to the utmost. It also requires development of an interest and inclination in each young person toward some given type of socially useful work and scientific knowledge; continuous growth of their intellectual needs and communist consciousness; strengthening the new morality, and developing the habit of working to the very best of their abilities.


Objective: To test the applicability of the Health action process approach (HAPA) model in relation to saturated fat intake in a sample of obese adults and the additional effect of feelings of worry within the HAPA model. Method: Obese participants (n=581) with a mean age of 47 years (SD=8.3) and a mean Body Mass Index of 36 kg/m 2 (SD=5.7) self‐reported online measures of risk perceptions, action self‐efficacy, outcome expectancies, intentions, maintenance self‐ efficacy, action planning and saturated fat intake (2 measures). The data were analysed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: The overall HAPA model provided a good fit to the data. In the motivational phase, intention was predicted by action self‐efficacy (β=0.45), followed by two of the three outcome expectancies constructs (β physical = 0.24, β losses =‐0.12) and risk perceptions (β= 0.15). Worry was a mediator in the relationship between risk perceptions and intentions (β= 0.15) and adding worry improved the model's fit. In the volitional phase, self‐reported saturated fat intake was predicted by action planning (β fatintake1 = 0.43, β fatintake2 =‐0.28), which was predicted by intention (β= 0.38). Maintenance self‐efficacy had no direct effect on saturated fat intake, but an indirect effect via planning (β saturatedfat1 = 0.15; β saturatedfat2 = ‐0.09). Conclusions: The HAPA model appeared useful in predicting saturated fat intake among obese adults. Worry, currently outside the realm of most theoretical constructs, may be considered as an additional determinant of saturated fat intake.


Ya'an-Lugu Highway passes the Xigeda Strata at Lama Stream,Wenwu Slope,Hanyuan County,subject to adverse engineering geological properties.There are many gullies formed due to long-term water erosion on slope surface in this river basin.As a result of large vertical slope,loose sidewall,rich solid matters and serious erosion,debris flow is possible to arise when induced by rainstorm,affecting the highway construction and operation directly.Based on the surveys,the formation conditions of debris flow at Lama Stream were analyzed,the flow rate,impact force and total amount calculated,and the proneness of the debris flow evaluated.The results show that the debris flow at Lama Stream is stormy and watery so that under corresponding design probability,the outbreak scale is small with small flow rate and in the form of water and soil loss basically.Thus it is recommended to adopt some prevention and control measures.


In this paper we present six-month results of an ongoing structural monitoring of the Baptistery in the Episcopal Complex of the Euphrasian Basilica in the historic centre of Poreč, which is under UNESCO's protection as one of the best preserved complexes of early Christian architecture in the world. The complex is located by the sea and is partially still being used for its original function. Two wide and more than five meters long vertical cracks have been present for some time in the Baptistery, so the authorities decided to undertake a continuous crack width measurement. Automatic static monitoring system was installed with the aim to determine (i) if the cracks are active and (ii) if there is a correlation between the crack opening and the environmental parameters or the sea level oscillations. Such a continuous structural monitoring is a good way of getting necessary data in order to properly assess and extend the life time of heritage structures.


In 2 sisters, hyperthyroidism was associated with normal levels of serum protein-bound iodine (PBI). A decrease in thyroxine (T4) binding by serum alpha-globulin (TBG) and pre-albumin (TBPA) was demonstrated in both cases by paper electrophoresis in ammonium carbonate buffer. TBG capacities were 0.08 and 0.11 μg. of T4 per ml., and the serum PBI levels were 5.1 and 6.6 μg. per 100 ml., respectively. TBG capacity among normal subjects ranged from 0.13 to 0.25 μg. of T4 per ml. The reduction in the TBG level is offered as the most likely explanation for the normal concentration of serum PBI in these patients. In one of the cases, repeated studies following radioiodine therapy revealed an increase in TBG and TBPA levels to low-normal and a fall in PBI concentration to an average value of 4.0 μg. per 100 ml. Chromatographic anatysis of the serum I131 compounds showed a normal ratio of T4 to T3. An incidental finding in both patients was the presence in the serum of an iodinated protein comprising nearly one-s...


After analyzing the deficiency of traditional intrusion detection system, a new kind of intrusion detection method based on Minkowskey is put forward for reducing false positive rate. The essence of it is to set up a normal behavior fuzzy sub collection A on the basis of watching the normal system transfer of the privilege process, and set up a fuzzy sub collection B with real time transfer array, then detect with the principle of minimum distance in fuzzy discern method.


The paper presents a parallel FDTD simulator based on the Tianhe-1A supercomputer. The algorithm of parallel FDTD is a powerful tool for solving large electrical objects for its parallel nature. The Tianhe-1A supercompuer is the fastest one in the world at present, which can provide very high computational capability. An efficient FDTD simulator combined with the supercomputer is urgent for actual applications. We have developed a high performance parallel Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) algorithm based on the Tianhe-1A supercomputer. Our goal is to effectively solve the problems of complex structures and large electricly object. By using parallel computations, we are able to complete a calculation on 7200 processors in less than 48 hours, where a serial version would have taken over several decades. Accurateness, scalability and efficiency of the parallel simulator is examined also in this paper.


A reaction of gamma-silyl allylic alcohol and its ether with ozone provides synthetically versatile alpha-formyl silyl peroxide in good yield without normal fission of carbon-carbon double bond. Thus, the provided silyl peroxide serves as a good precursor for the stereochemically defined triol derivative via alkylation and reduction of peroxide moiety.


This article was reviewed several times, and, as in an increasing number of articles recently processed by JCMFTR, the reviewers were widely divided in their opinions, with some for, and some against, publication. Over the years of my practice, I have learned as much about better reductions frompostoperative CTscans as I have from examination of the patients. Indeed, in a teaching setting, the residents commonly benefit from these discussions of fracture management, as do the attendings. We have routine conferences where the residents, the attending staff, and the radiologists all benefit from reviewing together preoperative and postoperative radiographic information. Much debate has occurred, however, about the expense, value, and radiation exposure from these postoperative studies; certainly, they are indicated in the setting of postoperative problems for which the CT provides helpful information for clinical decision making. More information on this debate is provided by highvolume centers where at least four centers have provided the information that intraoperative revision rates approach 20% when intraoperative CT scans are available.1–8 What is not known is the clinical importance of these revisions to patient outcomes and to improvements in the functional and aesthetic consequences of these revisions. We must assume, however, from presentations and publications, that those employing intraoperative CT scans find them essential to quality control, especially in the challenging case (Grant M, personal communication). References1–9 contain multiple additional references which are positive. A recent publication summarizes what is known about these issues, and their significance1: "Six publications were found on the frequency of additional reduction after intraoperative imaging in ZMC fracture repair. Revision of the reduction of the zygoma was performed in 18% (95% CI 10.5% e29.0%), revision of the orbital floor was performed in 9% (95% CI 3.6%e17.2%). No publications were found on the effects of intraoperative imaging on facial symmetry or on the accuracy of fracture reduction. Conclusions: Information obtained from intraoperative imaging often has consequences on the surgical management of ZMC fractures. However, the effect on restoration of facial symmetry and fracture reduction is yet to be established."1 I think this publication is sayingwhat the authors and I are saying, but each in quite different ways: while it is clear that one can improve results by study of postoperative imaging, and with intraoperative imaging studies, and one can revise and improve 10 to 20% of fracture reductions of the orbit and zygomawith intraoperative confirmation of reduction accuracy, the effects on function and appearance have yet to be determined with statistical significance. Finally, errors in the reductions illustrated in this article (Figs. 1a–d) are seen in each of their figures of the patients "with and without complications," and it is not known what the issues in these patients were, or whether the reduction variation was significant, or related to a complication, since the outcomes of these patients were not specified or illustrated. The number of patients they studied is 13/year, or just over 1/month, and the large number of residents and attendings participating in the care of these patients over a 10-year period would argue for a wide variation in data collection and clinical practice. What is known from our experience at the University of Maryland Shock Trauma Unit, and the services of Plastic Surgery and the Wilmer Opthalmological Institute at Johns Hopkins, is that the study of intraoperative and postoperative CT's combined with patient examinations will make more critical observers of surgeons and residents, and will improve their reduction accuracy and technique. It is also clear that with experience, one could certainly judiciously limit the use of these radiologic techniques to those which are necessary, increasing their value (cost-benefit-radiation exposure) in experienced hands.


Sensor gloves are devices used to implement interfaces for human-machine interactions which are utilized in a wide range of applications such as control of embedded systems, translation of sign language, gestures recognition, medical rehabilitation etc. This paper presents a wireless sensor glove based on the use of RFID sensors. For this type of sensors, the energy supplied for measurement and for the communication of measured data back to the reader is provided exclusively by the reader via the electromagnetic field. Therefore, it was important for the device to be designed so that the power consumption be minimal. For this reason, our sensor glove is designed using devices capable of harvesting the electromagnetic energy from the reader, monitor this energy and consume it only when needed by using a microcontroller which features several very low power consumption modes.


This paper documents the political positioning of Europe in relation to anti‐doping initiatives generally and the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) specifically to better understand the status of anti‐doping in world sport and the possibility for managing the so‐called drug war in sport. The paper begins by detailing the historical context of WADA and its relationship to the EU. In so doing, it is revealed that the interest in contemporary anti‐doping discourse for harmonisation is made problematic by enduring differences between the two organisations. The EU has withdrawn its funding of WADA on the basis of unsatisfactory conditions relating to budget transparency and the political position of WADA One of the major points of contention is the question about WADA's independence from the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Despite having moved from Lausanne (Switzerland) to Montreal (Canada), WADA remains embroiled in IOC structures, continuing with 50% of its budget coming from the IOC. As well, WADA is chaired by controversial IOC figurehead Richard Pound, whose background is very much embroiled in Olympic politics. With some uncertainty about the depth of IOC reforms, coupled with Richard Pound not having attained the IOC Presidency, and Canada not receiving the 2008 Olympic Summer Games, the political context of WADA remains uncertain and to the dissatisfaction of the EU. This is fundamentally problematic from the perspective of harmonising anti‐doping policy and from the general efforts of anti‐doping policy makers. A further basis for arguing why these circumstances are unsatisfactory for the EU is recognised by considering emerging methods of doping, specifically genetic manipulation. It is argued that the EU and governmental organisations in general cannot hold fast to the approaches of anti‐doping agencies such as WADA This is because their approaches to solving the drug problem in sport are not premised upon the protection of individuals, which are guiding principles in the EU and other governmental organisations. WADA's commitment to prioritising the values of fair play and other sporting values does not fit with the way in which non‐sporting drug policies are formulated which, instead, focus upon the broader medical priorities implicated by drugs. As new kinds of doping emerge in genetics, the role of sports ethics is less of a priority and this must be built into the way in which anti‐doping is approached by WADA For this reason, it is concluded that the EU and other inter-governmental organisations, much more than WADA, are better placed to respond to the greater need for harmonising policies and for addressing emerging technologies. While it is appealing to have a world antl-doping organisation, Its success relies heavily upon the unity of nations, governmental management, broader biomedical ethical considerations, and the ability to remove sport from the equation. On this level, harmonisation responds to much more than to antl-doping policy. It involves a harmonisation of broader medical policies in relation to drugs, genetics, and the policing of them. However, there is a danger that ethical discussions will still be subservient to policy decisions, where the ethical conclusions have already been made.


Real-time systems need a time-predictable execution platform to be able to determine the worst-case execution time statically. In order to be time-predictable, several advanced processor features, such as out-of-order execution and other forms of speculation, have to be avoided. However, just using simple processors is not an option for embedded systems with high demands on computing power. In order to provide high performance and predictability we argue to use multiprocessor systems with a time-predictable memory interface. In this paper we present the scalability of a Java chip-multiprocessor system that is designed to be time-predictable. Adding time-predictable caches is mandatory to achieve scalability with a shared memory multi-processor system. As Java bytecode retains information about the nature of memory accesses, it is possible to implement a memory hierarchy that takes the characteristics of different types of accesses into account. For tasks with low communication the measured speedup of this time-predictable system is in the range of 6 to 7 for eight processor cores, compared to execution on a single-core processor.


A group of 3,324 Italian flight personnel were examined to test the usefulness of TSH assay as a screening test for subclinical hypothydroidism. Forty-two individuals with low serum T4 and high free T4 had further thyroid function tests. High TSH levels were found in 14 individuals, seven of whom were started on levothyroxine. Four individuals also had titers of antiperoxidase antibodies greater than 1:1,000 U/ml; three of these individuals were over age 65. TSH screening is deemed useful in the selection of flight personnel and determination of suitability to fly.


We have investigated thickness and composition variations in laser‐deposited superconducting thin films and their effects on the microstructure development after subsequent annealing to recover the superconducting properties. Superconducting thin films were deposited on magnesium oxide substrates using a pulsed excimer laser (λ=308 nm, τ=45×10−9 s). These films were annealed at about 900 °C in helium and oxygen atmospheres followed by slow cooling to room temperature. The forward directed nature of the laser‐induced deposition process in controlling the spatial variation in thickness of the film was examined using gas dynamics of the laser generated plasma. The compositional variation as a function of spatial distance was determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Correlation of the presence of different phases with the average composition in the film was done using transmission electron microscopy combined with x‐ray microanalysis techniques. The slight enrichment of yttrium in the film result...


PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk is a manufacturing company engaged in the production of cement, because cement is a product that is needed by the community in developing infrastructure that requires good quality cement. Many work accidents occur due to several factors and the impact on yourself, the company. This research was conducted to analyze the potential hazards (K3) carried out by workers during the production process and prove human error in a system. By using the THERP method is expected to reduce the occurrence of work accidents, make improvements, improve the onset of errors from humans on a performance. Human error or human error caused by several factors: there is no good application of discipline on the part of management, improper work system planning. HTA is broken down a number of steps: the initial preparation for the use of safety until the preparation of the solution exits the machine. The highest HEP value is 0.064221 on the Raw Mill machine. The highest human liberation value (HRA) is 0.988629 in the KILN zone burning process.


The research into the topic of intelligence failures and mass casualty terrorism began more than a year before September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks at the Twin Towers. It has taken four recent cases of mass casualty terrorism and applied a common set of questions to each case in a focused, comparative way. Answering the questions, and informing those answers with theoretical insights, has highlighted some of the most important failures. Problems with threat assessments, lack of warning information, and organizational obstacles have also been discussed at great length in public thanks to the investigations into 9/11. What is unique about this research effort is that it has also included an analysis of leadership failures, from the ways in which psychology and perception shape the threat environment, and how that in turn determines intelligence planning and collection, to failures of public policy leadership in the executive and legislative branches of government.Keywords: intelligence failures; leadership failures; mass casualty terrorism; The Twin Towers


The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of technology acceptance on post secondary African American students' achievement in Mathematics. The study was conducted in a historically Black four-year college in Daytona Beach, Florida on students using the computer to enhance their mathematics performance in an introductory algebra mathematics course. By using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) developed by F. Davis (1989), this study focused on variables such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, computer self-efficacy, subjective norms, attitude and actual use of the computer to account the effect towards the achievement in the final exam which is an outcome variable. The data were collected over four different time periods during the fall semester of 2004 to find how these results changed over time. The study was conducted by using six instruments to measure perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, computer self-efficacy, subjective norms, actual use of computer (frequency and duration), attitude and an additional demographic instrument. The data were analyzed by path analysis using multiple regressions (SPSS for windows) to find the contribution of each independent variable to the dependent variable that ultimately predicted the final outcome. Computer self-efficacy and subjective norms were determinants of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use which in turn determined the attitude of students using computer for enhancing their math score in the final. The findings of path analysis indicated that the research did not support TAM.


Infectious Disease
There are many benefits to a good roommate, but the wrong choice can be toxic. Cohen et al. found that alpha toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus worsened lung co-infection by Gram-negative bacteria. The alpha toxin prevented acidification of bacteria-containing phagosomes,


The network data model is an important database model in the management of information, but one that is often slighted in database design courses because the few network database management systems that are available are too expensive to purchase if their use is exclusively academic. This paper describes a project to design and implement a network database management system which is true to the CODASYL specification and which is to be used by students in a database design course.


Abstract This paper presents a new, short‐form scale that was designed to measure the extent to which a person adheres to a liberal or a conservative orientation toward human sexual expression. It has a score range from 0 to 100, a reliability α = .94, a standard error of measurement of 4.20, and good construct, factorial, and concurrent validity. The paper presents the major research findings that serve as a basis for the partial validation of the scale.


Abstract : We obtain, from the BBGKY hierarchy of equations, the kinetic equation for the single-particle electron distribution function for a plasma in a strong magnetic field. The derivation is carried out by means of the method of extension developed previously. It is applicable to magnetic flux densities of strength up to 0.003(the square root of (n/cc)) gauss (where n is the electron number density), a situation often occurring in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. The kinetic equation describes weakly inhomogeneous and nongyrotrophic plasmas in the Landau (small momentum transfer) approximation. (Author)


Abstract This article documents the Qingdao Long-term Care Medical Insurance (LTCMI) program and analyzes its recipient demographics, costs of program expansion and potential drivers of costs. About 10% of the program's clients received institutional care, while the rest received care at home or in other residential locations. More than 60% of recipients were aged 80 years and older. Analysis of exit (mostly due to mortality) patterns of clients from the Qingdao long-term care system suggests that exit rates were correlated with being older than 80 years at the time of joining, gender, types of long-term care being received (institutional or residential) and entry-level activities of daily living scores. The beneficiary recipient structure of the Qingdao LTC system suggests that under current per unit costs, expanding coverage to all would only cost about 0.1% of Gross Domestic Product in China. Such a system will not only provide frail elderly people with long-term medical care services, but also greatly relieve the pressure on hospitals caused by aging patients, and systematically distribute medical resources in the long run, thus contributing to its sustainability.


Substantial progress has been made in elucidating the biosynthesis of plant phenolics, one major class of which is the flavonoids. Flavonoids are involyed in many plant functions such as UV protection, defense against pathogen attack, legume nodulation, pigmentation and pollen viability (Firmin et al. 1986, Hahlbrock and Scheel 1989, Dixon and Harrison 1990). Due to such important functions, studies on the fiavonoids have been extensively carried out and the genes involved in this pathway such as chalcone synthase (CHS) and chalcone isomerase (CHI) have been isolated (e.g, Hahlbreck 1981, Hahbrock and Scheel 1989). Special attention is given to the regulation of


In Turkey, where important projects are materialized in transportation and logistics field, different alternatives are developed for transportation systems. Among these, high-speed train (HST) systems are the most popular transportation types. HST is preferred for many economic, technological, ecological, and social situations. In this chapter, it is made the evaluation of the Ankara-İzmir HST line. The fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP), which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques, is used in the evaluation. Fuzzy logic contributes to decision making using linguistic variables in uncertain environment. This chapter takes into consideration in the realization of the HST project some criteria such as the places in the railway line, the population structure of the cities, accessibility, and accession to significant logistical points. As a result, "population structure" criterion among the evaluation criteria was found to have more importance.


Summary The prognosis of CFS is better in adolescents than in adults. Activity level, exercise tolerance, and orthostatic testing could not distinguish patients with CFS from adolescents who have recovered from infectious mononucleosis (controls), while certain cytokine network analyses, life stress factors, and autonomic symptoms could.


The issues of industrial relation dispute has became an attention of many parties, one of them is about the issue of foreign professional football coach in Indonesia which is unpaid. This research aims to analyze the football player contract with Club in League 1 Indonesia (a review of the Club RBP coach's DJ case). This research used typology of analytical descriptive. The data for this research were collected from primary sources which is a direct interview with former of legal director of PSSI as well the secondary data such as text books, internet literature, journals, law and regulations and other literature sources. The result of this research is whenever there is emptiness of law, the that has to be used is the national law that relates to the dispute.


This study reports on exploratory research that investigated biology teachers' perceptions of their online information seeking practices and how these practices influenced their instructional planning activities. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the results of an online survey and ten in-depth interviews measuring use of specific online tools (i.e., search engines, specific Web sites, digital libraries, online periodical databases, and electronic discussion lists) were conducted. Key findings show that teachers are using a greater number and wider range of current and multimodal resources than pre-Internet and perceive this as an advantage in creating authentic, inquiry-based learning experiences. However, underuse of educational online resources specifically designed to support teaching and learning activities (e.g., digital libraries, online periodical databases, and electronic discussion lists) was evidenced. Four themes reflecting the consequences of teachers' information seeking practices emerged from the data analysis: Currency of Information; Sparking of Ideas and Gaining Personal Knowledge; Resource Management and the Role of Time; and Webs of Sharing. Each theme encompassed both the purposeful and the indirect actions by teachers to access knowledge and resources to refine and improve their instructional planning. Study findings have implications for informing the collaborative relationship between school library media specialists and teachers.


Water is the source of life on the surface of the earth. But often the water used for life contains many organic compounds that are harmful to life. This is due to contamination of water sources by compounds from many places, one of which is waste from the tapioca industry. One method that can be used to reduce water pollution is the coagulation process using certain coagulants. The ability of Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) and aluminum sulfate as coagulant is utilized in the processing of tapioca wastewater to reduce COD and TSS levels. This study aims to determine the effect of coagulant dose and flocculation time on decreasing COD and TSS levels in tapioca wastewater from Purbalingga Aci Factory. The method used is coagulation using PAC and aluminum sulfate as a coagulant with a variation of the coagulant dose of 2000; 4000; 6000; 8000 and 10,000 mg/L as well as variations in flocculation time 25; 30; 35; 40 and 45 minutes. The results showed that the coagulant dose and flocculation time had an effect on decreasing COD and TSS in tapioca wastewater. The best use of PAC coagulant at a dose of 6000 mg/L with a flocculation time of 45 minutes, namely the COD value of 375.2 mg/L and TSS 110 mg/L. While the best use of aluminum sulfate coagulant at a dose of 8000 mg/L with a flocculation time of 45 minutes, namely the COD value of 203.2 mg/L and TSS 590 mg/L


Mental health inequalities run along geographic and demographic lines. As the Philippines enters its second year of the coronavirus crisis, the country still struggles to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. The health and societal impacts of the pandemic has also increased mental health challenges among Filipinos, including depression and other affective disorders (Tee et al., 2020). While there is equivocal evidence demonstrating mental health disparities existing between urban and rural populations, most of the studies were conducted outside the Philippines (Solmi et al., 2017). There is reason to suspect that these mental health gaps could be accentuated by the pandemic and the differences between urban and rural areas in terms of access to basic needs, available health resources and COVID responses. Hence, I conducted this study to examine the association of urban/rural living and depression among Filipino emerging adults, whose psycho-emotional development has been interrupted by COVID-19 (Cleofas, 2021). This cross-sectional study draws from an online survey from a larger research project on social media health conducted during the third quarter of 2021, wherein 1087 Filipino emerging adults (18–29 years old) participated. The independent variable, area of residence, was measured by inquiring whether they lived in an urban (n1⁄4 506) or rural (n1⁄4 581) area. The dependent variable, depression, was determined using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) which is a 14-item, 5-point likert scale that can be used as a screening tool for depression (Bianco, 2012). Respondents were categorized as "with probable depression" (WEMWBS 1⁄4 14–44; n1⁄4 558) and "no depression" (WEMWBS 1⁄4 45–70; n1⁄4 529). Age (Mean 1⁄4 20.081 ± 1.728, Mode 1⁄4 21 years old) and (females 1⁄4 661, 60.810%) were also measured and included as covariates for the regression test. More than half (51.334%) of emerging adult respondents of the study reported scores within the range of probable depression. Logistic regression results suggest that when age and sex are kept constant, emerging adult respondents living in rural areas have 1.421 times greater odds for depression than those who live in urban areas (B1⁄4 0.352, p1⁄4 0.004, 95%CI 1⁄4 0.111–0.592). Consistent with previous research in the Philippines (Tee et al., 2020), the findings of the present study indicate high prevalence of depression among Filipino emerging adults. This high rate of depressive symptoms in this sub-population can be attributed to unmet developmental milestones of emerging adulthood such as finishing college, entering the workforce and self-exploration (Cleofas, 2021). Moreover, results indicate that rural dwellers have a higher risk of acquiring depression compared to urban counterparts. The lack of health care facilities and human resources in rural areas could have contributed to COVID-19-related depression. Likewise, mental health services are also highly concentrated in urban areas of the


To achieve the optimum design of an electromagnet, it is usually necessary to predict its static and dynamic characteristics. The finite element method (FEM) rather than lumped parameters is frequently adopted to calculate static characteristics. Generally, dynamic characteristics are calculated by iterations of many static characteristics derived from diverse excitation currents and strokes with the Runge-Kutta method, which costs much time. To use finite element analysis (FEA) codes to compute dynamic characteristics more efficiently, this paper proposes a collaborative FEA system (C-FEAS) for the optimal design of electromagnets based on multi-agent system technology. The C-FEAS can perform lots of static characteristics in several FEA hosts concurrently. A Contract Net protocol is used for multi-task allocation among multi-agents, each of which stands for one computational FEA host. A prototype is implemented using the Java Agent Development Framework (JADE) and ANSYS software.


This study investigates investors' behaviors on their portfolio adjustment after gain and loss. Using a unique data set of transaction data, the study supports the prospect theory that the investors will be more cautious after two consecutive gains. They reduce their portfolio's systematic risk by giving less weight on large capitalization stocks. Investors fix their gain or loss relative to the purchasing price of the stocks.


Nectoneanthes Imajima, 1972, which has been regarded as a synonym of Neanthes Kinberg, 1865 and later of Alitta Kinberg, 1865, is resurrected in the present study, with evidence showing that the type species of Nectoneanthes (N. oxypoda Marenzeller, 1879) is not a synonym of Neanthes succinea (Leuckart, 1847), but a valid species. Nectoneanthes oxypoda and Neanthes succinea are redescribed with newly found characteristics. The following seven species are judged as junior synonyms of Nectoneanthes oxypoda: Nectoneanthes latipoda Paik, 1973; Nectoneanthes multignatha Wu, Sun and Yang, 1981; Nectoneanthes donghaiensis He, 1987; Nereis ijimai Izuka, 1912; Nereis alatopalpis Wesenberg-Lund, 1949; Nereis singularis Wesenberg-Lund, 1949, and Nereis (Nereis) legeri Gravier and Dantan, 1934. Nectoneanthes is composed of two species: Nectoneanthes oxypoda and Nectoneanthes uchiwa sp. nov. which is described here. The combination Neanthes succinea is also resurrected, reversing the placement in Alitta. Neanthes succ...


An illumination system suitable for an excimer laser stepper has been investigated. Unnecessary interference pattern(speckel) is reduced effectively by scanning the laser beam. We report spatial coherence of the lasers with different spectral line width, illumination system of the stepper, appearance of the interference pattern,its spacing and contrust and their relation to the illumination system and to the coherence of the laser. Then we report reduction of this pattern together with a simple method to measure its contrast.