A new method, staged flotation for effectively increasing the recovery of ultra-fine copper oxide ore with a new type of collector (ZH-1, C3-5 carbon chain xanthate) is proposed for the first time. The flotation process and mechanism were examined by flotation tests, entrainment rate analysis, laser particle size experiments and microscopic imagery as well as economic feasibility analysis. It was demonstrated that the collector isoamyl sodium xanthate (ISX) shows a good collection ability (recovery exceeded 95%) for azurite, but the recovery was relatively much lower for malachite (only near 80%) due to the different particle size distribution. The new type of xanthate ZH-1 has shown a high-efficiency collection performance for fine-grained malachite. The recovery achieved for −10 μm malachite was more than 95% when the ZH-1 dosage was 150 mg/L, while the average particle size of −10 μm malachite sharply increased from 4.641 μm to 9.631 μm. The batch flotation results indicated that the copper oxide flotation recovery increased from 79.67% to 83.38%, and the grade also raised from 18.08% to 18.14% after using the staged flotation technology with ZH-1 as collector during the flotation of −25 μm ore. It was confirmed that this technology was quite effective for the recovery of copper oxide at the Dishui Copper Processing Plant, which successfully increased its gross profit by 1.6 million US$ per year.


The invention discloses an information processing method and device based on a social platform. The method includes the following steps: according to obtained identification information of users of the social platform, calculating characteristic data of corresponding users under a specific scene; and sending the characteristic data obtained through calculation to a client of a request-party user of the characteristic data or to a client of a specified user. Through adoption of the information processing method and device based on the social platform, the information interaction form of the social platform can be enriched and the flexibility of information interaction is improved.


Besides specification and price, smartphone reviews can affect on consumer interest buying. This study aims to use the value of smartphone review sentiment as one of the attributes/criterias in addition to specifications and prices on the calculation of Decision Support System using MOORA method to generate smartphone recommendations. Sentiment value is obtained from sentiment analysis using SentiWordNet. There are two approaches of MOORA method used in this research, Ratio System and Reference Point Approach. Testing has been done by comparing the results of smartphone recommendations between approaches on the MOORA method, with or without sentiment analysis, on smartphone rankings based on the number of smartphone fans on the GSM Arena site. The test results show that the method of MOORA with Ratio System approach without sentiment analysis has the best accuracy among other approaches.


Cloud Computing is nothing but a use of computing properties that is distributed as a service over a network. Distribution of the data in the cloud depends on the network structure of the data centers. Allocation of bandwidth shows a important role in sharing the resources on the way to the data centers. Performance of the server is the major issue in cloud computing. When lots of users send a request for the same server at a same time then the performance of the server is significantly decreased. So we are defining a new method of rearranging the bandwidth from inactive users to active users using bandwidth delay technique using delay allocation. Keywords—OpenStack,Devstack,Cloud Computing,Performance analysis,Bandwidth delay technique,IaaS,Delay Allocation.


This study aims to interpret and describe the meaning of art and culture in society Madura Bull Race that we often encounter in the agenda of the annual event in Madura. Bull Race is the original culture of the land Madura cow racing is a race in which a pair of cows that pulls the train of wood (a jockey up and control the cow pairs) to be driven in the race racing against other pairs of cows). As part of a community certainly has become an umbrella association for the community Bull Race requires knowledge and accounting statements for subsequent agendas. This research uses an ethnographic approach. Data obtained from informants who were the original inhabitants of the land of Madura, through in-depth interviews, documentation and direct observation.
Based on this research note that purport accounting practices obtained from informants indicate that the Madurese community, especially the members of the community Bull Race Bull Race follow the race as a form of love and preservation of cultural values, especially Madura. Economic compensation obtained merely as a means to preserve and ensure the survival of the community of Bull Race. Results reconstruction of accounting concepts Karapan cow Madurese community shows that Bull Race as a form of community responsibility to preserve the culture and form of pride for the community, especially Madura Bull Race.


Provided is a mononuclear iron complex that comprises an iron-silicon bond that is represented by formula (1) and that exhibits excellent catalyst activity in each of a hydrosilylation reaction, a hydrogenation reaction, and reduction of a carbonyl compound. In formula (1), R 1 -R 6 either independently represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group or the like that may be substituted with a hydrogen atom or X, or represent a crosslinking substituent in which at least one pair comprising one of R 1 -R 3 and one of R 4 -R 6 is combined. X represents a halogen atom, an organoxy group, or the like. L represents a two-electron ligand other than CO. When a plurality of L are present, the plurality of L may be the same as or different from each other. When two L are present, the two L may be bonded to each other. n and m independently represent an integer of 1 to 3 with the stipulation that n + m equals 3 or 4.


The Gobelsburg profile begins with a Holocene Chernozem followed by calcareous loess, representing the last glacial period, which itself is underlain by an interglacial redeposited paleosoil. Below, a further loess layer is developed. The sequence continues with two colluvial layers, where bones of Pleistocene vertebrates are situated at the base. Here the sedimentary sequence is changing from terrestrial partly aeolian influence to a sandier probably fluvial-lacustrine environment. The base of the profile is formed by a cemented carbonate horizon, which probably has been formed in a former floodplain.


A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the behavior of copper in gypsum soils of different organic sources through a number of experiences, and knowledge of copper adsorption and release conditions in it, and used three equations physicochemical Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin. It was adopted The coefficient of determination (R2 ) is a better choice equation to describe the adsorption of copper, the results showed that the Langmuir equation was enough for the description and evaluation of copper adsorption compared to the rest of the physicochemical equations used according to the highest coefficient of determination R2, and the efficiency of R2 was (92, 87, 65) % for each of the Langmuir and Freundlich equations and Temkin, respectively. The maximum adsorption values of the Langmuir equation were (61.728 - 25,906) mg.kg-1 and a bonding energy (0.731 - 0.128) L.mg-1, and Freundlech's equation showed the maximum adsorption values (1.346 - 0.855) L.mg-1 and a bonding energy (15.160 - 4.010) mg.kg-1, while the maximum adsorption values were to equation Temkin range between  (35 - 29) mg.kg-1 energy connectivity ranging what between (0.495-0.185) L.kg-1, and from equation Temkin can that define type adsorption physical or a chemist and on the most chemical calendar for height valuable heat interaction bT, which ranges from (84.86 - 70.34). As for the results of liberating copper adsorbed, the highest values of liberated copper were recorded at. Levels add high from copper (50,100,150) mgkg-1 and at levels low add from copper (2,5,10) mgkg-1 be valuable Liberation copper zero (nill).


In order to improve the speech enhancement ability of FullSubNet model, an improved method FullSubNet-pMix is proposed. Specifically, pMix module is added to the structure of full-band frequency domain information processing, which realizes the information interaction between amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum. At the same time, the hyperparameters used in training are optimized so that the full-band and sub-band structure of the system can play a better role. Experiments are carried out on selected test sets. The experimental results show that the proposed method can independently improve the speech enhancement effect of the model, and the effect on the four evaluation indicators of WB-PESQ, NB-PESQ, STOI, and SI-SDR is better than the original model. Therefore, the FullSubNet-pMix method proposed in this paper can effectively enhance the ability of the model to extract and use voice information. The impact of different loss functions on the training performance was also verified.


Wind-driven rain or driving rain is a rain which has given a horizontal velocity component by the wind. It can be the important moisture source for building façades and has been of the great concern in building science. In this article, the normative method described in STN EN ISO 15927-3:2009, was used for calculation of driving rain impact on vertical surfaces. This amount of rain was compared to the CFD simulation for selected location and to the experimental measurement carried out by wind-driven rain gauge.


One-neutron knockout reactions have been widely used to extract information about the single-particle structure of nuclei from the valley of stability to the driplines. The interpretation of knockout data relies on reaction models, where the uncertainties are typically not accounted for. In this work we quantify uncertainties of optical potentials used in these reaction models and propagate them, for the first time, to knockout observables using a Bayesian analysis. We study two reactions in the present paper, the first of which involves a loosely-bound halo projectile, $^{11}$Be, and the second a tightly-bound projectile, $^{12}$C. We first quantify the parametric uncertainties associated with phenomenological optical potentials. Complementing to this approach, we also quantify the model uncertainties associated with the chiral forces that can be used to construct microscopic optical potentials. For the phenomenological study, we investigate the impact of the imaginary terms of the optical potential on the breakup and stripping components of the knockout cross sections as well as the impact of the angular range. For the $^{11}$Be case, the theoretical uncertainty from the phenomenological method is on the order of the experiment uncertainty on the knockout observables; however, for the $^{12}$C case, the theoretical uncertainty is significantly larger. The widths of the confidence intervals for the knockout observables obtained for the microscopic study and the phenomenological approach are of similar order of magnitude. Based on this work we conclude that structure information inferred from the ratio of the knockout cross sections, will carry a theoretical uncertainty of at least $20\%$ for halo nuclei and at least $40\%$ for tightly-bound nuclei.


The present invention relates to handle effectively dependency dependency tree bush, which bush dependency tree using a plurality of dependency tree-based statistical machine translation. The method of the present invention is used to generate a translation dependent jungle dependency rules and language model, and the dependence of the application rules and translation language model generated when converting the source language text into a target language text, the ability to enhance translation.


We use a unique panel data set to analyse price setting in restaurants in Switzerland 1977-93, for items known to have sticky prices. The macroeconomic environment during this time period allows us to examine how firms adjust prices at low (0%) and fairly high (7%) inflation. Our results indicate that firms strongly react to inflation in the timing of their price adjustment: hazard of price changes is increasing with time and becomes steeper at higher inflation rates. However, we find little evidence that the amount by which they change the price responds to the inflation rate.


The microscopic observation showed that the carotid body was covered by thick layer of loose connective tissue.The parenchyma was composed with several lobules,Each lobules could be seen including 3-5 glomus maximally,The Type I cell located in the peripheral part of the glomus with typically round nucleus,abounding cytoplasmic and round shape,some of these cells with clear nucleus named light cells and some with obscure nucleus named dark cells.The type Ⅱcell spread around type I cells and the boundary of glomus,with flat,slim and long shape,and was short of cytoplasmic,Except type I and type II cell,there were also entrance blood vessels,interstitial cells and ganglion cell in the glomus.


In the 1990s,Saifu,Mailis became famous in the Chinese Film circle as representative′s Mongolian national minority director with their imposing manner great history theme series movie.Eentering the new century,more Mongolian national minority direct the lens alignment prairie nationality immediately survival condition and the realistic circumstances,namely the prairie nationality′s historical fable narrated that transfers to prairie national culture fable writing,but this kind of esthetic reforming mainly manifests by changes in historical event′s broad development,realistic the condition the profound description,praise immediately to the heroic ancestor′s eulogy changed to the ordinary herdsman life and the destiny concern as well as by the prairie national tradition art and the folk culture marvelous sight demonstrated by changed promulgates three aspects profoundly to the national disposition and the cultural connotation.


the text. It is noted that formally there is an avoidance of rigid symmetry. A valuable analytical plan (p. 75) shows that after the opening myth there are sections devoted to the ordering of heaven and of the underworld and one concerned mainly with power through magic; shorter portions deal with the production of the cow's image and with the theology of the ba. Disparate as the sections following the myth may seem, it is argued that they form a connected whole whose aim is to explain the present imperfect state of the world in which men and gods are separated, unlike the blissful unity which prevailed at first. In this latter connection a great deal is built, one feels, on one slender phrase, and the later sections tend still to bear out Roeder's designation of the work as a 'Zauberbuch'. As for the dating of the work an eminently judicious survey leads to the conclusion that it may derive from the time immediately after the death of Akhenaten (c.I336 Be) or from a slightly earlier date during the reign of his father Amenophis III. There are four admirable studies, in conclusion, of basic themes: the royal rule of the gods, the rebellion of mankind and their punishment, the theme of the Heavenly Cow, and time and eternity. The second discussion uses exactly the right word: 'Rebellion.' This idea is the essence of the 'Fall' according to Egyptian ideas. Compared with the Hebrew parallel, it is singularly bereft of any ethical colouring, with the notable exception of v, 137, where mention is made of the 'evil' (~ww) wrought by men in their pursuit of slaughter, in a clause that is perhaps optative, as Fecht, p. 125, suggests: may your evil come upon yourselves, you blood-letters. But the 'evil' is probably viewed as an act offensive to the gods because"they do not like to be disturbed, as in the story of Atrahasis. Much stress has often been laid on the old age and weakness of the sun-god as portrayed in the opening of the work. In the defined context it is part of the human predicament which characterizes the god's rule on earth; once he returns to heaven on the back of the celestial cow there is no suggestion of this condition. Rather does he there resume his eternal sovereignty. J. GWYN GRIFFITHS


First, this paper discusses two loop antennas; one is called the I-line loop antenna, made of a metamaterial I-line and the other is called the Γ-line loop antenna, made of a metamaterial Γ-line. The gain for a left-handed (LH) circularly polarized (CP) wave, G<inf>LHCP</inf>, and that for a right-handed (RH) CP wave, G<inf>RHCP</inf>, are revealed within a fast wave frequency region. Each loop antenna has a maximum value for G<inf>LHCP</inf> at a low frequency and a maximum value for G<inf>RHCP</inf> at a high frequency. The I-line loop antenna maximum G<inf>LHCP</inf> is smaller than the maximum G<inf>RHCP</inf>; conversely, the Γ-line loop antenna maximum G<inf>LHCP</inf> is larger than the maximum G<inf>RHCP</inf>. Second, a hybrid loop antenna made of the metamaterial I-line and Γ-line is analyzed. It is revealed that a maximum gain relationship of G<inf>LHCP</inf> = G<inf>RHCP</inf> can be obtained when the ratio of the lengths of the metamaterial I-line and Γ-line is appropriately chosen. The axial ratio and the VSWR are also discussed.


Abstract The response of a treatment (direct effect) applied on a given unit may be affected by the treatments applied to its neighboring units (neighbor effects). Neighbor designs are considered robust to neighbor effects. Minimal neighbor designs are economical, therefore, these are preferred by the experimenters. Method of cyclic shifts (Rule I) provides the minimal neighbor designs for odd v (number of treatments). Method of cyclic shifts (Rule II) provides the minimal circular Quasi Rees neighbor designs for v even which are considered to be the good alternate to the minimal neighbor designs. In this article, for every case of v even, minimal circular Quasi Rees neighbor designs are constructed in such a way that these designs can also be converted directly into minimal circular balanced and strongly balanced neighbor designs.


Hypertension is common in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and carries an additional risk for complications, most notably stroke and bleeding. We assessed the history of hypertension, level of blood pressure control, and an interaction with the choice of oral anticoagulants on clinical outcomes.

 To gain insights into the risks of hypertension in the setting of AF and explore possible interactions with the safety and efficacy of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) versus vitamin K antagonists (VKAs).

 We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that randomised patients to NOACs or VKAs and reported outcomes stratified by presence of hypertension. Collected outcomes included: ischaemic stroke or systemic embolism (SE), death from any cause, hemorrhagic stroke, major bleeding, and intracranial hemorrhage. Log adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding standard error were calculated, and HRs were compared using Mantel-Haenszel random effects. Quality of the evidence was assessed with Cochrane risk of bias tool.

 Five high-quality studies were eligible, including 71,602 participants who received NOACs (apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, rivaroxaban) or VKAs, with median follow-up of 1.8–2.8 years. 89.2% of participants had a history of hypertension. Compared with patients without hypertension, those with controlled and uncontrolled hypertension had higher risk for stroke/SE (HR: 1.21 [1.04–1.41] and HR: 1.50 [1.12–2.01], respectively) and haemorrhagic stroke (HR: 1.78 [1.06, 3.00] and HR: 1.66 [0.99–4.01], respectively). On a continuous scale, the risk of stroke increased 7% per 10mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure. As shown in the Table, no interactions were found between hypertension status and the efficacy or safety of NOACs versus VKAs.
 Table 1. Interaction of presence of hypertension on the comparative efficacy and safety of NOAC versus VKA Hypertension (n=63,869) No hypertension (n=7,733) P-value (int) Adjusted HR, 95% CI Adjusted HR, 95% CI Stroke or systemic embolism 080, 0.72–0.89 0.79, 0.53–1.19 0.98 Haemorrhagic stroke 0.55, 0.41–0.74 0.24, 0.04–1.37 0.36 Death from any cause 0.91, 0.84–0.98 0.89, 0.76–1.04 0.82 Major bleeding 0.90, 0.76–1.07 0.84, 0.69–1.01 0.57 Intracranial haemorrhage 0.41, 0.24-.068 0.48, 0.14–1.69 0.81 Major or clinically relevant non-major bleed 0.90, 0.68–1.18 0.91, 0.55–1.53 0.96

 Adequate blood pressure management is vital to optimally reduce the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. The benefits of NOACs over VKAs, also apply to patients with elevated blood pressure.


'Supervision' can be a sterile and unrewarding exercise, confusing different aims of support, consultation and quality control. The author suggests that different objectives require a variety of approaches which can be more stimulating and honest.


: In this paper we outline the inherent strengths of biometrics-based authentication system, to identify the weak links in systems employing biometrics-based authentication also automated biometrics can provide the security advantages of long passwords while retaining the speed and characteristic simplicity of short passwords. Although, for illustration purposes, fingerprint authentication is used throughout, our analysis extends to other biometrics-based methods.


Logit model and the signal approach are two analysis methods being commonly used to forecast and explain currency crises. Logit model is successful to determine explaining variables of crisis and to calculate the probability of crisis in particular during the period experienced with a crisis. On the other hand, the signal approach aims at determining any possible currency crisis in advance, following some variables showing unusual change over the periods of economic fluctuation and thus it presents a list of leading indicators for possible crises. The results of each method are consistent with economic facts of fluctuation, confusion period being examined. This study is an attempt to specify an ex-post and ex-ante forecast model for currency crisis, using common set of findings of logit model and the signal approach to explain Turkish experience of currency crisis during the period of 1990:01-2002:12. The leading indicators in the common set were used in the signal approach during the period of 2003:01-2005:12 in Turkish economy, but they did not signal. Moreover, it is highlighted that logit model cannot be used in the period during which any currency crisis is not experienced. As a result, both methods are useful to explain currency crises coming true. However, the leading indicators related to the findings of these two methods do not present general facts for each economy and each period.


Transperineal delivery is a traumatic childbirth whereby the baby is forcefully ejected out through a contraction and pushing-induced laceration of the perineum in the presence of intact vaginal and anal orifices. We presented a 23-year-old primipara who presented 3 days after delivery with infected perineal injury and pains following unsupervised childbirth. She delivered a fresh stillborn baby through the perineum (between the fourchette and the anal orifice). She was, however, continent of urine and feces. She was optimized and repair of the perineal injury was scheduled after puerperium. The postoperative condition was satisfactory. We therefore call and appeal on the relevant stakeholders, to provide more skilled birth attendants, especially at the densely populated areas and ensure their presence and willingness to participate in conducting all deliveries with good supervision in all health facilities, so as to prevent future occurrence of transperineal delivery.


A dipolar dipicolinate derivative, trans-dimethyl-4-[4′-(N,N-diphenylamino)-styry1]-pyridin-2,6-dicarboxylate (P-1), and a P-1based V-shaped compound, {4-[(E)-2-(2,6-dimethoxycarbonylpyridin-4-yl) vinyl]}-N-phenyl-N-{4-[(E)-2-(2,6-dimethoxycarbonylpyridin-4-yl)vinylphenyl]}aniline (P-2), with intense two-photon fluorescence emission properties were systematically investigated by using steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, open-aperture Z-scans, and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPF). The two-photon absorption cross-section of the V-shaped compound P-2 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was determined to be 208 GM, which represents a 6.5-fold enhancement compared with its dipolar counterpart P-1 (32 GM). Extension of the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in the V-shaped dipicolinate derivative has been suggested as the mechanism of enhancement. The excited state dynamics from transient absorption spectroscopy were analyzed and discussed. The formation and relaxation lifetimes of the ICT state ...


This study is done to observe the effect of substrate and its thickness on the performance of the metamaterial absorber. Metal-dielectric stack metamaterial structure is designed for alternating layers of silver and silicon dioxide. It is observed that gold provided better absorbance than silicon dioxide. And more the thickness of substrate more absorbance offers by the proposed metamaterial absorber.


divinisation and other subjects, which have already been touched on, in preparation for the grand finale. In reading the third part the reviewer was constantly reminded of the whimsical observation of a famous British scholar that St Paul wasn't evidence for anything. That Des P. has succeeded in showing that he was is at once a tribute to his faith and his learning. A vocabulary of religious terms is included in an appendix. This is a remarkable book, which perhaps only a Jesuit could have written. The more secular-minded will doubtless prefer to ignore the specious theological deductions, but most will find Des P. an accurate and useful compendium.


One of the main challenges of modern processor designs is the implementation of scalable and efficient mechanisms to detect memory access order violations as a result of out-of-order execution. Conventional structures performing this task are complex, inefficient and power-hungry. This fact has generated a large body of work on optimizing address-based memory disambiguation logic, namely the load-store queue. In this paper we review the most significant proposals in this research field, focusing on our own contributions.


The hypersonic flowfield around a blunted cone and cone-flare exhibits some of the major features of the flows around space vehicles, e.g. a detached bow shock in the stagnation region and the oblique shock wave/boundary layer interaction at the cone-flare junction. The shock wave/boundary layer interaction can produce a region of separated flow. This phenomenon may occur, for example, at the upstream-facing corner formed by a deflected control surface on a hypersonic entry vehicle, where the length of separation has implications for control effectiveness. Computational fluid-dynamics results are presented to show the flowfield around a blunted cone and cone-flare configurations in hypersonic flow with separation. This problem is of particular interest since it features most of the aspects of the hypersonic flow around planetary entry vehicles. The region between the cone and the flare is particularly critical with respect to the evaluation of the surface pressure and heat flux with aeroheating. Indeed, f...


Chapter 2 focuses on Switzerland, and specifically on the lessons that Europe can learn from the Swiss experience in maintaining cohesion while supporting diversity, and in reaching pragmatic compromises in the creation of common institutions and policies.


In this paper, ropes are modeled as an infinitely flexible, straight rope element, and then the whole longline is able to be regarded as an assembling of the rope elements connecting each other at their ends by a frictionless hinge. A group of nonlinear basic simultaneous equations describing the equilibrium state of longlines are deduced, based on a finite element formulation. Newton-Raphson method is employed to get the numerical solution due to the non-linearity. Further, the loading and shape iterative procedure are used to model the coupling relationship between the longline shape and hydrodynamic forces. The results suggested that this method has excellent global convergence and good accuracy for predicting the tension and shape of tuna longlines during fishing operation.


We estimated current annual growth (CAG) of woody material on stems of bog birch (Betula gladulosa) and willow (Salix spp.) growing on 4 sites in central British Columbia using 4 single-stem approaches. Three approaches used regression equations of CAG on stem dimensions; 2 of these involved single equations representing all sites, and the other applied separate equations to each site. The fourth approach employed a clip-and-weigh technique. Estimates of similar precision were obtained from the 3 regression approaches, although the single equation based on the common data set gave biased results. The clip-andweigh method provided the most accurate estimates for a given sample size, but may not be the most costefficient at achieving a specific precision level. A regression equation designed to encompass several sites can likely be developed from a smaller sample than several site-specific equations. It is important that sample data for such an equation be selected equitably across all the sites. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 54(1):180-186 Current annual growth of twigs and leaves of woody plants, commonly termed browse (Basile and Hutchings 1966), is an important forage source for cattle and wildlife in British Columbia (McLean 1979). Effective allocation of browse between domestic stock and wild ungulates requires reliable, quantitative inventories. Browse inventories pose complex problems because of highly variable plant physiognomy, life history, and spatial distribution among browse species. Available browse sampling methods range from simple observation of plant presence to accurate delineation of biomass (Telfer 1981), each with inherent strengths and weaknesses relative to specific objectives (Rutherford 1979, Habgood 1985:4-28, Pitt and Schwab 1988). We present single-stem regression equations relating CAG to measurements of stem and canopy dimensions and quality for bog birch and willow on 4 wetland sites. Bias and precision of estimates from equations derived to represent all the sites, using data collected in 2 different ways, are compared to estimates from site-specific equations. Predictions of CAG production (g/m2), derived by combining estimates of mean stem CAG based on the different regression equations with an estimate of stem density based on the corrected-point-distance (CPD) method (Batcheler 1973, 1975), are compared to estimates obtained using a clip-and-weigh approach. Financial support was provided by the British Columbia Ministry of Environment (Fish and Wildlife Branch). L. Larson, Oregon State University, initiated the project and was instrumental in arranging financing.


Machine perfusion (MP) with a cell‐free oxygen carrier solution (CFOCS) was compared to cold static preservation (CSP) in a porcine model. Methods: Two groups of 6 animals underwent liver transplantation after 9 hours of cold ischemia time. Clinical and laboratorial data was obtained in additional to serial histological and electron microscopy analysis. Affymetrix gene‐arrays were performed on liver tissues from both groups. A cytokine profile was obtained from liver tissues and perfusate with Luminex. Additional metabolomics analysis (Metabolon) was performed. Results: The MP group had 100% survival and the CSP group had 33% survival. A significant (p<0.004) benefit of MP was detected after 16 different variables were analyzed. Over‐expression of genes associated with general metabolic functions, anti‐inflammatory, regenerative and protective mechanisms against free radicals were observed in the MP group. Genes associated with hepatic system development and cellular proliferation were significantly up‐regulated in the MP group. Genes associated with critical metabolic networks were significantly down regulated in the CSP group compared to MP livers. The lipid metabolic pathway was up regulated in the CSP group. Signaling pathways that are critical for liver growth (NF‐kB, PI3K/AT, ErbB) were significantly up‐regulated in MP liver samples when compared to CSP group. INF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐1RA, IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐12p40, IL‐18 and TNF‐α showed significant differences between the groups in liver tissues analyzed during preservation. Ingenuity® pathway analysis of functional groups revealed that genes associated with liver damage were significantly down regulated in the MP group. The CSP group showed significant up‐regulation of genes associated with liver pathology when compared to the MP group. Conclusions: MP with a CFOCS up‐regulated a regenerative and prosurvival response when compared to CSP.


Abstract α-Fe2O3 nanocrystalline was encapsulated by block copolymer, hydroxylated poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (HO-SBS), and formed α-Fe2O3/HO-SBS heterostructure composite consisting of nanocrystalline core and copolymer shell. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used to investigate the structure of the composite. And the results show that α-Fe2O3 core is 45nm in diameter and copolymer shell is 10nm. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated copolymer shells can act as potential barriers, while electric field introduced surface photovoltage spectroscopy (EFISPS) testifies that charges can be introduced to penetrate through the shell under external electronic field.


This report discuses the probability of fracture (fracture fragility) versus a range of applied hoop stresses along the HFIR vessel which is obtained as an estimate of its fracture capacity. Both the crack size and the fracture toughness are assumed to be random variables that follow given distribution functions. Possible hoop stress is based on the numerical solution of the vessel response by applying a point pressure-pulse it the center of the fluid volume within the vessel. Both the fluid-structure interaction and radiation embrittlement are taken into consideration. Elastic fracture mechanics is used throughout the analysis. The probability of vessel fracture for a single crack caused by either a variable crack depth or a variable toughness is first derived. Then the probability of fracture with multiple number of cracks is obtained. The probability of fracture is further extended to include different levels of confidence and variability. It, therefore, enables one to estimate the high confidence and low probability capacity accident load.


Objectives: To analyse the levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH) Dand calcium concentrations in patients with pre-eclampsia, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan.
Methodology: Cross sectional study was conducted at the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, LUHS, Hyderabad during the period of January 2020 to June 2020. Total 150 pregnant women were selected according to predesign Proforma and divided into two groups. 50 females were normal normotensive pregnant women as a control group, 100 were pre-eclamptic patients as case group. Obstetric history, clinical data was gathered and then 5ml of blood sample was collected from each patient. The blood samples were taken for the analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 25(OH)D and calcium levels. 25(OH)D were performed on chemiluminescence, While calcium concentration of Microlab 300. Data was analysed by using SPSS version 23. Student t-test was used for analysed of continuous variables.
Results: The maternal serum vitamin D and calcium levels were significantly decreased as compared to patient with preeclampsia and normotensive healthy pregnant ladies. The blood pressure also declined in case group with P<0.001.Multinomial logistic regression showed significant odd ratio of Vitamin-D and Calcium deficiency in preeclampsia.
Conclusion: The present study reveals that 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and Calcium levels declined significantly in preeclamptic women, and mighty be biomarker of this life threating disease.


In order to provide high data reliability, distributed storage systems disperse data with redundancy to multiple storage nodes. Regenerating codes is a new class of erasure codes to introduce redundancy for the purpose of improving the data repair performance in distributed storage. Most of the studies on regenerating codes focus on the single-failure recovery, but it is not uncommon to see two or more node failures at the same time in large storage networks. To exploit the opportunity of repairing multiple failed nodes simultaneously, a cooperative repair mechanism, in the sense that the nodes to be repaired can exchange data among themselves, is investigated. A lower bound on the repair-bandwidth for cooperative repair is derived and a construction of a family of exact cooperative regenerating codes matching this lower bound is presented.


Background: This brief is derived from a study on "Reproductive Healthcare in the Time of COVID-19: Perspectives of Poor Women and Service Providers from Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab," conducted by the Population Council with the support of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). We conducted 20 in-depth interviews (IDIs); 3 focus group discussions (FGDs), with 18 respondents; and 164 structured interviews telephonically with beneficiaries of the Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) in Rahim Yar Khan district to understand how much they know about COVID-19, and the effects of the pandemic on their lives, mental health and wellbeing, and access to reproductive health (RH) and family planning (FP) services.


1. Introduction 2. The law and economics of IPRs 3. A general theory of damages rules 4. Departures from the general theory 5. Liability standards for IPRs 6. Who is an infringer? 7. Who should be entitled to sue for infringement? 8. Calculating monetary damages 9. Concluding remarks.


For most of the reading public, the award-winning writer, Maxine Hong Kingston, apparently sprang full-bloom from the empyrean, for most people would be hard put to name another Chinamerican woman writer.1 And yet women of Chinese ethnicity have been producing and publishing books in this country for nearly a century, beginning with Miss Nume of Japan: A Japanese-American Romance (Chicago and New York: Rand, McNally & Co., 1899) by Edith Eaton's younger sister, Winnifred. Though these sisters had the same Chinese mother, Winnifred gave herself a Japanese pen name, Onoto Watanna, and spun stories that enchanted the American public, which, at that time, detested the Chinese but exalted the Japanese. A born story-teller, Winnifred Eaton achieved popular and even some critical success. Her second novel, A Japanese Nightingale (New York: Harper & Bros., 1901) was called "a pretty novelette" and praised by no less a critic than William Dean Howells for its "quite indescribable freshness . .. which is like no other art except in the simplicity which is native to the best art everywhere."2 A Japanese Nightingale was performed on Broadway and translated into Swedish, Hungarian, and German. A dozen other "Japanese" novels followed in the career of this prolific writer, Chinamerican literature's first case of literary camouflage. A number of other Chinamerican women writers followed the Eaton sisters Helena Kuo, Jade Snow Wong, Mai Mai Sze, Lin Tai-yi, Diana Chang, Hazel Lin, Han Su-yin but the work most like a precursor to The Woman Warrior is the neglected but masterly Crossings by Chuang Hua. Published by Dial Press in 1968, ignored when it first appeared and now out-of-print and rare, Crossings, like The Woman Warrior, is a blend of autobiography, myth and stories, dreams and nightmares. It is experimental in structure and form, fragmented in narration, poetic yet remarkably spare, understated yet conveying deep emotion. Though relatively short, this book cannot be sped through; it must be savored, for quotation marks are omitted, some sentences are fragments, others run on, and apart from the family members, characters have no names


. In this paper, we study the boundedness of parametric Marcinkiewicz integral operator and its higher order commutator with rough kernels on generalized weighted Morrey spaces.


In this paper, we discuss about the complete linear Weingarten hypersurfaces in locally symmetric manifold and obtain a rigidity theorem. More precisely, under a suitable restriction on the square norm of the second fundamental form, we prove that such a hypersurface must be either totally umbilical or an isoparametric hypersurface with two distinct principal curvatures, one of which is simple.


This paper covers that part of the road design process relating to the selection of standards for cross sectional elements of the roadway. The relationship between capacity and level of service are discussed together with the factors which influence these properties. The considerations influencing the selection of other road cross section elements are noted and the appropriate standards suggested (a).


H. van Griensven, A. P Moore, and V. Hall, 'The long-term impact of Caesarean section scar problems on the individual and associated healthcare needs', Journal of Pelvic, Obstetric and Gynaecological Physiotherapy, Spring 2016, Vol. 118, pp. 14-30. © 2016 Pelvic, Obstetric and Gynaecological Physiotherapy.


The literature has suggested higher endurance levels in females compared to males, allowing them to withstand fatigue for a longer period. Though these gender disparities are well supported research is specific to muscle groups, and disparity in fatigue between sexes are less significant when load of resistance increases. PURPOSE: To determine force and fatigue differences in the lumbar extensors between males and females following heavy(HL) and light-load (LL) exercise conditions. METHODS: A sample of 17 recreationally active participants (9 males; 23.8 yrs, and 8 females; 21.3 yrs) were tested for maximal voluntary isometric torque (MViT) of the lumbar extensors before, and immediately following 3 conditions; dynamic lumbar extension exercise at 80% (HL) and 50% (LL) of MViT and a non-exercising control condition (CON). The three conditions were performed in a randomised order with no less than 72 hours between conditions. Fatigue comparisons between sex and condition were made using ANOVA with repeated measures. RESULTS: Analyses revealed a significant effect by condition for absolute change in strength (p<0.001), furthermore there was a significant interaction effect (p<0.016). Independent t-tests revealed differences in decrement in maximal force between males and females for heavy (p=0.04; males = -18.7%, females = -12.0%) and light-load (p=0.005; males = -29.3%, females = -25.9%).


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an external preparation for skin for reducing yellowing of skin already generated. The above-mentioned problems are solved by providing an external preparation for skin which contains hesperetin and / or glycosyl hesperetin as an active ingredient for reducing yellowing of the already produced skin. [Selection figure] None


The concept of transfer has been for a long time a primary concern of scholars in the area of second language learning, but due to the high demands of the job market nowadays, also the concern of the entire school system, educators and managers as well. It is frequently outlined, that schools are not providing sufficiently authentic situations and/or environments to the students for the transfer of concepts and procedures learned in school toward situations or types of problems to be solved in the "reality", or at the future place of employment. The student's failure to understand same concepts in different school subjects, and how these concepts could be transferred from one to another subject, is already a serious indicator that the transferability of concepts is not handled in a proper way. It seems that this problem is also apparent while transferring concepts acquired outside the school to the same or similar concepts to be found in the classroom. To address the student's inability of an effectively transfer of concepts, a wide approach should be employed taking in account several factors, e.g., the student's understanding of knowledge, how this knowledge is memorized, the motivation to learn concepts, how the concepts are presented by educators in different school subjects, the transfer conditions, metacognitions of the student etc. By understanding all the circumstances which are causing the failure of transferability of concepts from school knowledge toward future jobs, retraining of workers at great cost in organizations could be avoided, as the changing nature of jobs nowadays emphasizes the need for a radical shift: to employ workers capable of transferring their knowledge to same/similar situations in job, quickly and efficiently.


Taking" Guangdong Provincial Model High Occupation Colleges Construction Projects" as the background,improving internship management process quality as the goal,the authors employ means of information construction of practice management process quality monitoring platform,elaborate the framework design elements and features of the platform,and provide some summary and outlook in the application process.


This paper presents a simple-structure micromanipulator for grasping and orienting zebrafish (Danio rerio) larva. Compared with complicated handling systems that are based on microfluidic chip, the designed 4-DOF manipulator that has three translations and one rotation allows operators to manipulate larva automatically in a more controllable manner. One glass pipette is mounted at the end of manipulator to rotate larva (about the microscope optical axis) in two dimensions to appropriate gestures where larva's tail is parallel with pipette. Pipette tip is then driven to approach the tail, and the micro pump that is connected with the pipette runs to hold part of larva's tail. Precisely rotating manipulator arm effectively ensures flexible orientation of grasped larva in the third dimension. In order to suppress the rotation oscillation of pipette tip, we have developed an online calibration method to compensate rotation error. We have also provided a simple extremum searching algorithm to automatically rotate larva body to special gestures that are commonly used in experiments (such as dorsal or lateral gestures). Experimental results show the performance of designed manipulator and verify the validity of presented control methods.


This article introduces a 2-D modeling of the geological and geophysical subsurface behavior of the rocks in Cuba, using a program of the Northwest Geophysics Associates, Inc.. Magnetic and gravimetric data were used along a SW-NE section , N 520 E , cutting across the central part of the island. The adjustment of the gravimetric and magnetometric model enabled discrimination between oceanic (ophiolitic sequence-volcanic arc) and continental (Bahamas Platform) units.


Centre, Edgware, Middx., wascentrifuged at100,000g before storage at -40°C. Lipoprotein-freeplasma was prepared by density-gradient ultracen-trifugation (Barrowcliffe et al., 1984).Inall clottingtests, theactivity ofthearachidonatemetabolites was compared with that of a standardprocoagulant phospholipid preparation, NIBSC83/555, extracted frombovine brain (Barrowcliffe et al.,1982).


Recently the fundamental importance of the 1-ULC property of the complementary space in describing a given embedding in En has become clear. "Wild" embeddings in En are characterized by the absence of the 1-ULC property. In this paper "tame" and "wild" embeddings in En of arbitrary compacta in codimension at least 3 are defined. For this purpose the notion of the "dimension of embedding" of compacta in En is introduced. The main theorem asserts that an embedding of a compactum in En, n≥6, is "wild" if and only if the complementary space is not 1-ULC. Bibliography: 23 items.


All abstracts on sarcoidosis presented in the European Respiratory Congress 2014 at Munich have been reviewed in this article. Most abstracts dealt with mechanisms of inflammation and genetic susceptibility in sarcoidosis. Several abstracts focused on image diagnosis particularly on MRI in cardiac sarcoidosis. Abstracts on treatment of sarcoidosis discussed reduction in steroid exposure on the patients. Russian scientists presented publications from Moscow, St.Petersburg, and Novosibirsk.


ABSTRACT Visually directed movements of juveniles of the mangrove crabs Aratus pisonii and Chlorodiella longimana and postlarvae (megalopae) of A. pisonii to black horizontal rectangles subtending visual angles from 5-350° were measured in a circular arena. The study tested the hypothesis that early stage crabs use visual cues for attraction to potential refuge sites represented by silhouettes of mangrove roots and for avoidance of large dark areas that represent predators. The habitats of the 2 species differ in that A. pisonii lives in the supralittoral/littoral area among the roots and branches of mangrove forests, while C. longimana lives sublittorally in this area and is rarely exposed to air. Megalopae and juveniles of A. pisonii were significantly attracted by relatively narrow rectangles subtending angles up to 30°. In contrast, juvenile C. longimana exhibited attraction to all dark sectors, except a 5° dark rectangle. Orientation away from large dark rectangles subtending angles of 90-350° was exhibited only by A. pisonii. These different responses are interpreted to reflect the demands for shelter and predator avoidance in the habitat of each species. Chlorodiella longimana responded to all dark objects as if they were refuge sites, while A. pisonii differentiated between refuge and predators on the basis of horizontal extent.


On August 8, the New York Times published an article by Paul Krugman entitled "Time to Borrow." The yield on inflation-protected ten-year bonds was 0.09 percent. If you wanted to mull things over f...


Although most of the research have been realized in the northern Gulf of Mexico for western Atlantic bluefin tuna (BFT-W), newly the histological records of reproductive activity of this species in the southern Gulf of Mexico (Mexican waters) was presented for the first time. This work aimed to study for the first time the oocyte dynamics in Atlantic bluefin tuna caught in the southern Gulf of Mexico by carrying out an appraise and compare them with Mediterranean stock (BFT-E) through stereology using two different methods. Regardless of Atlantic bluefin tuna females turned up to their respective spawning grounds at different months in the southern Gulf of Mexico and the Mediterranean, both stocks arrived reproductively inactive and remained in these zones during periods of similar length; they started being reproductively active until March for the southern Gulf of Mexico and May for Mediterranean females. The comparison of the size structure between both stocks examined by Kernel Density Estimators (KDE) demonstrated a quite remarkable difference in mean fork lengths between stocks. The ovarian oocyte density, i.e., the number of oocytes per gram of ovary, for each one of the gonad stages predicted by the Weibel & Gomez (W&G) and Oocyte Packing Density (OPD) methods did not significantly differ between stocks, and exhibited that A-Vit oocytes from spawning capable females are an appropriate indicator to estimate potential fecundity, presenting values of ~1273 and ~ 1355 eggs · g-1 for southern Gulf of Mexico and Mediterranean females respectively. Females caught in Mexican waters (southern Gulf of Mexico) were larger than those caught in the Mediterranean; however, it was demonstrated that the length and weight of females did not affect ovarian oocyte density production. In addition, densities estimated for each gonad stage by W&G and OPD methods did not differ between stocks and presented equal patterns in their oocyte dynamics. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the reproductive biology of Atlantic bluefin tuna, especially in the southern Gulf of Mexico, due to the lack of information regarding this zone and may allow to support strategies for a proper assessment, management, and conservation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Menopause marks the permanent cessation of menstruation and the transition to the non-reproductive stage of a woman's life, after completion of 12 months of amenorrhoea or immediately after bilateral oophorectomy. The purpose of this chapter is to provide current knowledge regarding the different stages preceding and following the final menstrual period, the physiology of the endocrine changes occurring during the menopausal transition, the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and differential diagnoses, as well as the pros and cons of its medical management. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the treatment of choice for most. Additionally, it may be considered for osteoporosis treatment and fracture risk reduction, but only for women who present with VMS. In cases of hysterectomy, oestrogen-only formulations should be used, whereas for women with intact uterus progestogen needs to be added to counteract the harmful effects of oestrogen on the endometrium. Postmenopausal women should also be managed with lifestyle interventions, including diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and decrease in alcohol consumption, with a particular focus on bone and cardiovascular health. Alternatively, drug or non-pharmaceutical therapies may be considered for the alleviation of VMS in cases, when HRT is contraindicated. The ultimate goal of the healthcare providers should be an integrated plan for the postmenopausal women, bearing in mind that most of them will spend more than one-third of their lifespan in menopausal status.


This work aims to provide baseline data for assessing the vulnerability of tanks subjected to an external explosion. Experiments were conducted on a reduced scale satisfying mechanical and blast scaling laws. Tests on rigid tanks are used to characterize the loading from a detonation (overpressure and impulse spatio-temporal distribution). Mots clefs : onde de choc, cylindre, chargement.


The present invention aims to one time allocation of material to dispense material from the container filled. This container defines a filling cavity, preferably made from sheet material, comprising a deformable body that is pre-shaped, the body is planar circumferential rim integral surrounding the opening and said opening has, this opening is closed by a cover sheet which is sealed to the circumferential rim by circumferential sealing seam. Container containing the substance is opened by using the deformability of the cover sheet. Support surface supports the cover sheet except the position of the recess. The recess is positioned at least over a part of the circumferential sealing seam. And material during compression of the container body is pressurized to expand the cover sheet in the recess, as a result, expansion sealing seam is broken at a position formed, the container is opened as a result. .BACKGROUND 9


Previous work shows that the relative phasing of articulatory events varies little across two levels of speaking rate and stress. But, one may ask, varies little with respect to what? A methodology is required that differentiates articulatory patterns as they evolve in time. With this aim, subjects were instructed to say /ip/ or /pi/ repetitively, at increasing speaking rates, while monitoring their glottal and lip movements. For /pi/, the observed interarticulatory phase relationships did not depend on speaking rate. For /ip/, relative phasing often changed markedly, suggesting that loss of stability underlies articulatory change (a phase transition). In two follow‐up perceptual experiments, listeners appeared to judge the consonant's syllable affiliation on the basis of interarticulator relative phase, and did so in a "categorical" manner. These findings, interpreted in light of a theoretical model based on synergetics [Kelso et al., Physics Scripta 35, 79–87 (1987)], may help resolve controversies conc...


In this paper, we consider the Brinkman equations pipe flow, which includes the salinity and the temperature. Assuming that the fluid satisfies nonlinear boundary conditions at the finite end of the cylinder, using the symmetry of differential inequalities and the energy analysis methods, we establish the exponential decay estimates for homogeneous Brinkman equations. That is to prove that the solutions of the equation decay exponentially with the distance from the finite end of the cylinder. To make the estimate of decay explicit, the bound for the total energy is also derived.


ABSTRACT Detection of Cryptococcus antigen (CrAg) is invaluable for establishing cryptococcal disease. Multiple different methods for CrAg detection are available, including a lateral flow assay (LFA). Despite excellent performance of the CrAg LFA, we have observed multiple cases of low-titer (≤1:5) positive CrAg LFA results in patients for whom cryptococcosis was ultimately excluded. To investigate the accuracy of low-titer positive CrAg LFA results, we performed chart reviews for all patients with positive CrAg LFA results between June 2014 and December 2016. During this period, serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 3,969 patients were tested with the CrAg LFA, and 55 patients (1.5%) tested positive. Thirty-eight of those patients lacked a history of cryptococcal disease and were the focus of this study. Fungal culture or histopathology confirmed Cryptococcus infection for 20 patients (52.6%), and CrAg LFA titers in serum and CSF samples ranged from 1:5 to ≥1:2,560. For the 18 patients (47.4%) without culture or histopathological confirmation, the CrAg LFA results were considered true-positive results for 5 patients (titer range, 1:10 to ≥1:2,560), due to clinical improvement with targeted therapy and decreasing CrAg LFA titers. The remaining 13 patients had CrAg LFA titers of 1:2 (n = 11) or 1:5 (n = 2) and were ultimately diagnosed with an alternative condition (n = 11) or began therapy for possible cryptococcosis without improvement (n = 2), leading to an overall CrAg LFA false-positive rate of 34%. We recommend careful clinical correlation prior to establishing a diagnosis of cryptococcal infection for patients with first-time positive CrAg LFA titers of 1:2.


Abstract During the past decade, developments in genetic engineering technology have led to the production of transgenic fish. In this paper, the impact of this novel strategy for genetic improvement of fish is examined in the context of possible benefits, probable limitations, and actual results. The role of gene transfer in improving fish growth rates, combatting disease, and altering other specific aspects of fish production is reviewed. Practical considerations, particularly in relation to the selection of a gene construct and its subsequent transfer, are outlined. A detailed discussion of the fate of transferred genes and the efficiency of transgenic fish production is also included. Finally, we review some of the practical precautions which must be observed if this novel technology is to safely complement conventional fish production strategies.


There are some problems of implementing the legal system, of the assessing and rewarding systems, and of punishing the misconducts in the present scientific research system of our country.The effective approach to preventing the misconducts in sci-entific research is to perfect the systems of legal publicity, checking, appraising, assessing and punishing.


"The Year Book of Pathology and Clinical Pathology," edited by William B. Wartman, continues to be one of the outstanding books in this series because he manages to add so much personal and individual flavor to what might seem offhand a rather dry and dreary topic for an internist. This particular book is notable for his interesting description of a quinquennial brain-dusting tour of England and the Continent, his extracts from the Widdicombe file, which adorns the pages of The Lancet from time to time, a dash of Gilbert and Sullivan, and other items, which make the book a pleasure to read through. This, of course, is a bonus in addition to the wide variety of articles abstracted and the reproductions of many effective photographs and illustrations. Without such books as these, the busy physician, the busy internist, is likely to get lost hopelessly in the maze and mass of


During the Algerian war, 1954-1962, the French army turned massively to Algerian auxiliary soldiers. After Algerian independence, some of them settled in mainland France and took the generic name of "harkis." Since then they form a distinct community from the "pieds-noirs" and the French of immigrant origin. The history of the harkis during the war remains largely unknown and is a source of tensions. From 1954 to 1962, the reality of these soldiers came to light and called out for a more in-depth study, and then in the tragic summer of 1962, thousands of them were killed. A constant increase in the forces, of course, until 1960, but also one in employment: simple military auxiliaries yielded the place to the fleeting hope for a "Muslim" political front against the NLF. This paper examines these changes: the first, usually improvised engagements, up until the Evian agreements and Algerian independence.


Abstract Disclosure: N.A. Patel: None. R.S. Patel: None. A. Liu: None. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic and progressive metabolic disease with no cure. 37.3 million Americans have T2DM as of 2021 and 96 million (1 in 3) are prediabetic. Globally 462 million people are estimated to be living with T2DM. T2DM is a complex, polygenic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Adipocytes play a crucial role in glucose homeostasis. In response to insulin, translocation of major glucose transporter-4 (Glut4) from cytoplasm to the plasma membrane facilitates uptake of glucose into the adipocytes. Sortilin, an important constituent of Glut4 storage vesicles, binds to Glut4 with its luminal domain while its C-terminal tail guides intracellular trafficking. In insulin resistant adipocytes, glucose uptake is impaired. In this study, we used human adipose stem cells (hASC) from diabetic (DM) and nondiabetic (NDM) donors and differentiated them in vitro to mature adipocytes. We report that in addition to constitutively spliced full-length sortilin (Sort_FL), we identified an alternatively spliced sortilin variant in human adipocytes. Results show that alternative exon inclusion resulted in inclusion of STOP codon which produced a truncated C-terminal (Sort_T) protein whose expression was significantly increased in DM adipocytes. We elucidated the role and function of Sort_T and our results show that hyperglycemic conditions promoted an increase in Sort_T levels in NDM adipocytes. Overexpression of Sort_T in NDM adipocytes resulted in reduced insulin-stimulated Glut4 translocation and decreased glucose uptake. However, overexpression of Sort_FL does not rescue glucose uptake in DM adipocytes. Computational modeling and molecular dynamics results suggested that Glut4 bound tightly to both Sort_T and Sort_FL. This was validated using co-immunoprecipitation assays which demonstrated robust binding of Sort_T to Glut4. Immunocytochemistry was performed to determine localization of sortilin variants in DM and NDM adipocytes. Results demonstrated that Glut4 co-localized with both Sort_T and Sort_FL and Pearson's coefficient demonstrated increased Sort_T co-localization with Glut4 in DM adipocytes. Incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) and its analog liraglutide is used to manage T2DM. We evaluated the effect of GLP1 and liraglutide treatment in DM adipocytes on sortilin variant expression and our results demonstrate decreased Sort_T levels at physiological doses (8nM). Using a sortilin splicing minigene, our results demonstrate that GLP1 regulates splicing of Sort_T pre-mRNA and splice factor SRSF10 is involved in GLP1-mediated sortilin alternative splicing in adipocytes. Our study concludes that Sort_T expression in diabetic adipocytes hinders glucose metabolism and Sort_T is a target of GLP1 for maintaining glucose homeostasis. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023


Background CRP is an acute-phase protein produced primarily in response to interleukin IL-6 via transcriptional activation of the STAT3. Recent data have provided mechanistic insights into the immune suppressive role of elevated CRP by elucidating its influence on effector T-cell function and antigen presentation.1 Furthermore, melanoma patients in Checkmate-064 and 067 with high baseline and on-treatment CRP were seen to have a lower response rate and shorter survival to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).2 Given these observations, we sought to evaluate the role of CRP as a prognostic biomarker in advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs from a multi-center international cohort. Methods Between 2015–2019, 420 adult patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs alone or with concurrent chemotherapy (Chemo-ICI) were identified at four (1 US and 3 European) academic centers. CRP level in peripheral blood samples collected up to 2 weeks before starting ICI based treatments was considered as baseline. Based on previously validated data, a CRP cutoff of 10 mg/l was used to define CRP-normal (CRP-N) and CRP-high (CRP-H). Association of baseline CRP with median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate proportional hazards regression adjusted for multiple variables. Results Baseline CRP value was available in 75.5% of patients, with 66% having CRP-H. The median CRP was 21.0 mg/l. Single-agent nivolumab (44%) and Chemo-ICI (33.3%) were the two most common therapies. CRP-H showed a trend for stronger association with squamous histology (73.7% vs 63.3%; p= 0.063) and female sex (70.8 vs 60.0%; p=0.062) but did not show an association with PD-L1 status (0%, 1–49%, or ≥50%). Patients with CRP-H had a lower objective response rate compared with patients with CRP-N (26.9% vs. 47.6% PR; p=0.029). Compared to those with CRP-N (figure 1), patients with CRP-H had a significantly shorter median PFS [3.9 vs. 6.6 months, HR 1.41 95% CI: (1.07–1.86); p=0.0138] and OS (8.6 vs. 14.8 months, HR 1.55 95% CI [1.13- 2.14]; p=0.0060). In Cox regression analysis, CRP-H was again found to be independently associated with shorter median PFS and OS. Conclusions This is the largest international real-world dataset demonstrating significantly inferior outcomes associated with CRP > 10 mg/l in NSCLC patients treated with ICI based therapies. The potential influence of the immune suppressive effects of elevated CRP and IL-6 on the anti-tumor efficacy of ICIs needs prospective evaluation and could potentially be exploited as a therapeutic avenue in NSCLC. Acknowledgements Susan Eubanks and Sue-Ann Joyner at the ECU IRB for their help and support. Ethics Approval The primary IRB approval for this study was conducted under an ECU (P-MAIT- UMCIRB-15-001400). Individual approval was also obtained from the respective IRB of each participating institution. References Yoshida T, Ichikawa J, Giuroiu I, et al. C reactive protein impairs adaptive immunity in immune cells of patients with melanoma. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2020. Weber, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019) 100–100


The chief feature of characteristic column in social science journals of tertiary college is"particularity".In light of current matter,there are six main patterns of characteristic column in social science journals of tertiary college in China.They are as follows: to exhibit own college feature;to highlight local history and culture;to follow the latest advance of academic research;to resort to experts and academics;to rely on specialist association;to renovate feature of no features.


In recent times it has been proclaimed that endophytic fungi can produce phytohormones chiefly gibberellic acids (GAs) that enhance crop growth and mitigate the pernicious effect of abiotic stress (Khan et al., 2011). Gibberellins are tetracyclic diterpenoid acids that regulate various plant developmental and physiological processes including seed germination, seedling development stem and leaf growth, floral initiation and flower and fruit setting (Crozier, 2000; Davies, 2010). Gibberellins also enhance other physiological International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 11 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


at this moment, we believe there is no study has been done on recovering method from failure of monitoring mobile target. In this paper, we propose a simple recovery strategy to locate the lost target when tracking failure occurs.


Cystine stones were first reported in 1810 by Wollaston; some sixty years later there was a review of 53 cases varying from 2 to 50 years of age (Niemann 1876). Cystinuria was described by Garrod in 1908 as an inborn error of metabolism. The condition is hereditary and consistent with normal health, apart from such complications as may arise from the occasional tendency to form renal calculi (Dent & Rose 1951). Cystinuria is a mendelian recessive in which there is failure of tubular reabsorption of cystine. People affected are below normal height for their age and sex (Collins et al. 1963), possibly due to the nutritional disadvantage during childhood. Only a fifth of cystinurics suffer from the clinical manifestations of the disease before growth is complete (Renander 1941). Calculus formation may be regarded as inevitable and acceptable (Dent et al. 1965) or so serious as to warrant active or expensive therapy (MacDonald & Fellers 1966). The decision will depend on the presentation of each individual case.


Gamma knife radiation treatment is an alternative to treating brain tumors with surgery. Currently, treatment planning is a manual and time-consuming task that involves an iterative process of shot selection and placement. In this study Genetic Algorithm (GA) is introduced to automatically select shot location and shot size for radiosurgery treatment planning, which will make planning process simpler, less time-consuming and more effective. First, a distance transformation/coding method is used to generate the skeleton of the target. Then, along the skeleton, the GA-based shot placement algorithm is applied to find the best location to place a shot. By continuously iterating the algorithm, the number, size and the location of all the shots are generated. The proposed GA-based model has been tested using numerous simulated targets with different shapes and sizes. Results demonstrate that the GA-based shot location and size determination can speed up the process of shot placement.


Since writing the paper with the above title that appeared in the October-November, 1911, number of this journal Fersmann and Goldsmidt's monograph' on the crystalline form of the diamond has come to hand and its perusal has suggested some additional observations on the subject. From the genetic point of view the most important deduction drawn by the authors from their epoch-making studies is stated on p. vii of the Introduction in the following terms: All the diamond crystals known to us have been formed suspended in a molten motherliquid (magma). Since the present paper is of a speculative nature, I venture to restate, provisionally, this law as follows: Diamond crystals have been formed suspended in a medium sufficiently mobile, or susceptible to solution (replacement), to permit their free, all-round development. The most essential difference between the two forms of statement is the elimination in the latter of preconceived ideas regarding the physical condition of the enclosing rock at the moment of the crystallization of the mineral. Another important deduction from the studies of Fersmann and Goldsmidt is the extreme delicacy of the saturation point for carbon of the solution from which the material of the diamond crystals was derived, from which it resulted that growth (due to supersaturation) and reabsorbtion (due to incomplete saturation) alternated in the formation period of the great majority of the individuals in a way that thus far has not been recorded as so nearly universal for any other mineral species.2


Based on a SPOT-5 image, this study built knowledge pool of vegetation spectral information, adopted classification algorithm of decision tree, proposed a vegetation classification model based on their spectral information and classified the vegetation of Nanjing. The results showed that the overall accuracy was 86.95% and Kappa coefficient was 0.8287. Then the classification model was validated by using an IKONOS image of Yuhuatai region and was improved through combining the textural information. The classification overall accuracy was increased to 92.70% and Kappa coefficient was increased to 0.8648.


Summary
In this study, organogels of cod liver oil (CLO) with beeswax (BW) and carnauba wax (CW) were prepared, and compared with a commercial margarine (CM). Oil binding capacities (OBC) of BW organogels were over 99%, while CW had a maximum OBC value of 91.28%. Crystal formation time of BW was shorter. Although the highest solid fat content (SFC) was in the 10% CW containing sample (8.69%), it was 28.99% in the CM sample at 20 °C. The peak melting temperature of CM was 43.70 °C, and BW organogel at 3% addition had the closest values (45.42 °C). Firmness and stickiness values of the organogels were lower than that of CM sample. No significant change in the texture parameters during storage was detected, indicating good stability. There was no hurdle against oxidation by organogelation during storage. This study has shown that CLO organogels can be suitable spreadable products.


AIM(S)
To scope the evidence on interventions used to help mental health nurses cope with stressful working environments.

BACKGROUND
Nursing managers may implement interventions to support mental health nurses cope in their role. However, the evidence supporting these interventions has not been recently reviewed.

EVALUATION
A scoping review was conducted which entailed searching and selecting potential studies, undertaking data extraction and synthesis.

KEY ISSUES
Eighteen studies published since 2000 were identified. They employed different designs, ten used quasi-experimental methods. Interventions involving active learning appeared beneficial e.g. stress reduction courses and mindfulness. However, small sample sizes, short follow-up periods and variation in outcome measures makes it difficult to identify the optimum interventions. No studies have considered cost-effectiveness.

CONCLUSION(S)
There is some evidence that mental health nurses benefit from interventions to help them cope with stressful working environments. However, higher quality research is needed to establish the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different interventions.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
Managers should provide opportunities and encourage mental health nurses to engage in active learning interventions e.g. mindfulness to help them cope with stressful working environments. Nurses also want managers to address organisational issues, however no research on these types of interventions was identified.


Abstract Early in the nineteenth century, members in the UK Parliament (MPs) hardly ever debated education. When they did, it was nearly always in the context of aid for the religious instruction of the poor. Indeed, even by 1850, nearly two decades after the first Great Reform Act (1832), the Prime Minister Lord John Russell made the case that a system of compulsory state schooling would be immoral and un-British. Yet, by the '80s, MPs debating in Westminster routinely drew connections between schooling and the most critical social issues of the day: social-class mobility and equity, child welfare, national development, emigration, and the civil service, among others. What explains the expanding, and expansive, political uses that elite policymakers put to schooling? How did schooling and education take on such an aggrandized role in society for British statesmen? To address these questions, this paper combines natural language processing techniques, semantic network, discourse, and regression analyses to read and interpret the ∼1.1 million political speeches given in the UK Houses of Parliament during the long nineteenth century (1804–1913). In contrast to explanations emphasizing the direct role that economic, social, and political development as well as conflict played in the UK state's historic expansion, this piece demonstrates how social scientization, the sweeping international epistemic movement that institutionalized and diffused functionalist social theory, created the context that made it possible for political elites to see and promote schooling as an effective policy instrument of greater cultural rationalization supporting the development of capitalist industrial society.


Motivated by an attractive problem of elucidating the causes for the occurrence of complex oscillatory regimes in chemical reactions, we study the constructive role of noise in a three-dimensional enzymatic "substrate-two products" model. Stochastic effects are investigated in the parameter zone of birhythmicity where regular oscillatory attractors coexist with chaotic ones. Chaos–order transformations caused by stochastic transitions between these attractors are studied parametrically using the Lyapunov exponents. A special form of stochastic excitement of large-amplitude bursts consisting of the high-frequency spikes is revealed and investigated by statistical analysis.


The severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is one of severe and emergency disease in clinic. The mortality in operation performed in past time was still high. The conservative therapy after selected the relative indications should be taken under the basis of application of large amount enzyme-inhibitor recently. This paper had summarized the category of SAP, operative indications, operative methods, conservative indications and measurement.


The following research shows that in order to obtain glucose syrup thorough the starch of banana Musa cavendish, is necessary to use fruits at a stage 2 of ripening (more green than yellow) and 1.2 Brix. This research evaluated the acid hydrolysis process in terms of yield and clearness in the final product; therefore it was necessary to study the influence of temperature and time in the rate of hydrolysis. The sample experimental plan was 2x3 with three replications each. The highest yield obtained thorough the acid process was 53.14%, it was necessary to use a temperature of 120°C and 30min of hydrolysis, which is lower than the yield obtained in the enzyme process.


One of the main problems of the widely used Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing systems is the high peak-to-average power ratio of the transmitted signal. This paper presents a new hybrid peak-to-average power ratio reduction technique, which combines the clipping method with a new signal compression function. The paper highlights the performance and advantages of the proposed technique and compares it with other existing methods.


Thomson's theorem states that static charge distributions in conductors only exist at the conducting surfaces in an equipotential configuration, yielding a minimal electrostatic energy. In this work we present a proof for this theorem based on the variational principle. Furthermore, an analogue statement for magnetic systems is also introduced and proven: the stored magnetic field energy reaches the minimum value for superficial current distributions so that the magnetic vector potential points in the same direction as the surface current. This is the counterpart of Thomson's theorem for the magnetic field. The result agrees with the fact that currents in superconductors are confined near the surface and indicates that the distinction between superconductors and hypothetical perfect conductors is fictitious.


Objective: To investigate the TCM treatment principle of membranous nephropathy and its effect. Methods: A total of 56 patients were selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. They were then divided into the control group (western medicine standard therapy) and the study group (Qidi Gushen prescription), with 28 patients in each group. The treatment effect, treatment safety, and patients' satisfaction were observed and compared between the two groups. Results: The results showed that the treatment effect of the study group was 96.43%, which was significantly better compared with the control group (75.00%) (p < 0.05); in terms of safety, the probability of adverse events was 7.14% in the study group and 32.14% in the control group, in which the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05); in addition, the study group's satisfaction with the treatment measures was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In treating membranous nephropathy, traditional Chinese medicine can be tailored to its pathogenesis, which is not only beneficial to the treatment effect, but also has a high safety profile.


Background/Context: Trans studies provides onto-epistemological, theoretical, ethical, and political frameworks that have a particular application for studies in education, and specifically for educators in schools, that remains largely unexplored or unelaborated. Within a context of resurgent right-wing extremism that fuels anti-trans and white supremacist rhetoric, trans studies provides analytic tools for deepening an understanding of gender expansive education and addressing gender and racial justice in schools. Purpose/Focus of Study: The purpose of this article is to illuminate the utility of trans-informed frameworks and the hermeneutic resources they provide in their potential to enhance and deepen an understanding of the pedagogical interventions in the classroom that are needed to educate about trans marginalization and racial justice. The focus is on the application of these frameworks, both with respect to fostering professional learning for educators in schools, and for my own pedagogy and course development. Research Design: In adopting a critical incident/critical reflexive practitioner approach, the author provides a sustained reflection on his own pedagogical practices and approach to curriculum development within the context of teaching a graduate course on gender and sexual diversity in schools. While such critical reflections emerged in response to one core critical incident, they are extended through an application of a trans studies approach to thinking through the scaffolded learning process for educators in the application of trans studies, and what this means for the sort of teacher threshold knowledges that are needed in schools for addressing gender and racial justice. Findings: Trans studies provides hermeneutic resources and analytic concepts that serve as tools for supporting teachers in reflecting on cissexist assumptions and how these materialize through their practice in the classroom. A concretization of what it means for teachers to enact a trans-studies-informed pedagogy requires a scaffolded approach and one that entails a weaving through of a critical and integrated focus on race, settler colonialism, and cissexism. Conclusions: The article highlights that there are certain limits to conceiving of a pedagogical commitment to interrogating gender binaries as a basis for addressing gender-expansive education in schools. The author concludes that such frameworks, in an absence of embracing a trans-informed approach to thinking about gender diversity and racial justice, run the risk of relying on a bifurcating categorization of trans students' identities that ignore fundamental questions related to the impact of cissexism and its implication in colonial domination and racialization.


Non-fractional lasers used for hair removal penetrate deep into the tissue (~4 mm), and can be repurposed for enhanced thermal delivery using topically applied indocyanine green (ICG), a highly absorptive NIR dye. We demonstrate a new methodology for achieving fractional damage with an 808nm diode laser using a microneedle array injector and ICG impregnated PLGA nanoparticle formulation. A comparison of the effects of injection depth and irradiation dose between free ICG and PLGA@ICG revealed that the nanoparticle formulation effectively concentrates and confines the fluorophore locally at depths of ~3mm and thermal damage is achieved with irradiances as low as 10J/cm2. These improvements in the delivery of ICG subcutaneously in a fractional pattern allow for confined dermal tissue injury using low irradiances, minimizing discoloration of superficial layers of the skin, and significantly enhancing the depth of thermal injury achievable with a wide-area non-fractional laser diode.


Cloud computing was an attractive research area due to provided advanced functionalities over the traditional classic computer technologies. It allows for easily managing large applications without additional hassles, via the various containers and orchestration technologies. The development of containerization technology has made it possible for a single server to operate numerous services while making more efficient use of the resources available to it. However, containerized environments also bring forth additional issues, particularly in terms of providing comprehensive monitoring and safety measures. This brings an idea to create a new model for evaluating and identifying of unexpected anomalies in orchestration platforms in the early stage. In this research, we propose an eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) based model for anomaly detection on the Kubernetes orchestration platform. We compared performance of it with a Convolutional neural network (CNN), Linear Support Vector Machine (Linear SVM), Random Forest Classifier, Decision Tree Classifier and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). After multiple experiments, better results were observed by XGBoost among the others with an accuracy of up to 98.86%.


A (t,n) threshold authenticated encryption scheme allows more than t signers to generate an authenticated cipher-text for a message and only the designated verifier can verify the message. Recently, Chung et al. [1] proposed a (t, n) threshold authenticated encryption scheme by applying a division-of-labor signature technique. However, we showed that the scheme has a design flaw. Then, we proposed a new authenticated encryption scheme based on elliptic curve cryptosystem. The new authenticated encryption scheme is more efficient.


This study was conducted to secure basic information for corn processing by comparing the quality characteristics according to maize cultivars and kernel types (dent, intermediate, flint-like). As a result of analyzing 15 cultivars, a range of measurements were observed: 100-kernel weight, 22.89~35.63 g; moisture, 7.57~8.42%; crude protein, 8.46~11.45%; crude lipids, 3.26~4.83%; Hunter's L-value, 83.70~86.79; a-value, 2.61~5.49; b-value, 22.01~28.15; and total carotenoids, 6.74~17.07 μg/g. Significance among the cultivars was shown in all quality characteristics (p dent ≒ intermediate. It was confirmed that the decrease in the hardness of flint-like kernel of close to that of hard-type starch was slowed compare dent and intermediate kernels. So it is expected the some characteristic of kernel types will contribute to the appropriate customized use of the developed cultivars.


Objectives: Post-operative residual neuromuscular blockade may result in life-threatening conditions if not properly managed making it a common and significant concern among anaesthesiologists. Among adult elective surgeries requiring single intubating dose of intermediate-acting non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent, the study determined the incidence and risk factors associated with post-operative residual neuromuscular blockade during early post-operative period. Materials and Methods: A prospective, open-labelled, non-randomised observational study conducted in an operating room and post-anaesthesia care unit. A total of 175 ASA-PS Class I and II patients admitted in the surgical wards scheduled for elective surgical operation and were administered of a single intubating dose of intravenous intermediate-acting non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking drug. The train-of-four (TOF) method of peripheral nerve stimulation detects the presence of post-operative residual neuromuscular blockade. Results: A significant post-operative residual paralysis was identified in specific age groups (26–35, 46–55 and 56–65), in surgical procedures in the orthopaedic service, and among patients who were given a reversal agent. Residual neuromuscular blockade is still present even if the interval between the last dose of muscle relaxant and the measurement of TOF ratio at the post-anaesthesia care unit was long, however, less than that observed in short interval surgeries. Conclusion: Clinical importance of residual neuromuscular blockade is still evident up to the present time and the present study recommends routine monitoring of neuromuscular blockade and pharmacologic antagonism in the reversal of non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking drugs.


A shared controller reproduces numerous physiological and behavioral observations during head-free gaze movements. In particular, it demonstrates a functional vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) during head-perturbed gaze shifts and apparent VOR attenuation otherwise.


The present investigation, it is guided to the realization an Inventory of Slips in The road Namirez - San Carlos of the Minas, Canton Zamora, Provincia de Zamora Chinchipe, with this perspective you carries out a group of field works and office determining the possible conditioning factors and present desencadenantes quantitatively in the study area, which influence directly in the appearance of new geologic threats.
The topographical rising one carries out by means of the employment of the total station of where it was obtained topographical and geologic maps from the slips to scale 1:1000; the geologic of the study area obtained it to him by means of description of the blooming (with the employment of the "it registers of the Project Multinational Andean format 1.0"), likewise he/she was carried out the rising of vegetable covering by means of the ruteo based on the employment of the GPS obtaining air of division in polygons of the existent vegetable covering, to obtain maps and information of each one of the slips and of the area study inside an it bases digital and theoretical. Based on this information and with the carried out field tasks, it has been obtained thematic maps of: geology, slopes, current use of the floor, potential use of the floor, vegetable covering, precipitations, climate, geomorphology, among others.
Each variable that constitutes each one of these thematic maps has been valued based on the capacity that has each one of them to be prone to the mass movements. With the help of the Systems of Geographical Information, they were in digital form each one of the variables analyzed for the overlapping of the thematic maps and to obtain the final map where the inventory of slips is shown. This obtained information, as much in digital form as in similar form will serve as base and starting point for the administration of works ingenieriles to the pertinent authorities, facilitating this way so much the taking of decisions and the appropriate handling of the resources human, environmental and economic.


Theelectromagnetic noise ofamotorisoffensive to Forthisresearch, a2.2kWmotorstator coreandstator were theear.Mostelectromagnetic acoustic noises aregenerated when designed andconstructed. Thenatural frequencies ofthese models natural frequencies ofastator corecoincide withorclosely parallel weremeasured through vibration response andbyusing FEM(Finite frequencies ofthemagnetomotive forces. Therefore, tominimize such Elements Method) analysis. Comparing thecalculated values withthe noise, anaccurate estimate onnatural frequencies ofthestator is measured values, theeffect ofthestator coreshape andstiffness of necessary. windings intheslots arestudied.


When the expansion of the universe is dominated by a perfect fluid with equation of state parameter $w$ and a sound speed $c_s$ satisfying $w = c_s^2 \le 1$, the Hubble parameter $H$ and time $t$ satisfy the bound $Ht \ge 1/3$. There has been recent interest in"ultra-slow"expansion laws with $Ht<1/3$ (sometimes described as"fast expanding"models). We examine various models that can produce ultra-slow expansion: scalar fields with negative potentials, barotropic fluids, braneworld models, or a loitering phase in the early universe. Scalar field models and barotropic models for ultra-slow expansion are unstable to evolution toward $w = 1$ or $w \rightarrow \infty$ in the former case and $w \rightarrow \infty$ in the latter case. Braneworld models can yield ultra-slow expansion but require an expansion law beyond the standard Friedman equation. Loitering early universe models can produce a quasi-static expansion phase in the early universe but require an exotic negative-density component. These results suggest that appeals to an ultra-slow expansion phase in the early universe should be approached with some caution, although the loitering early universe may be worthy of further investigation. These results do not apply to ultra-slow contracting models.


Charles Freedman invites us in his paper to consider whether the maintenance of low rates of inflation requires a different monetary policy strategy from the one needed to combat high or rising rates of inflation. The topicality of this subject derives from the fact that, since the beginning of the 1990s, inflation has declined sharply all over the world. For example, the rate of inflation in the ten major industrial countries averaged 2.2 percent both in 1994 and in 1995. For 1996 and 1997, too, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) expects moderate, or further diminishing, growth rates of consumer prices in its member countries; the forecasts for the OECD countries, excluding Turkey and Mexico, predict less than 2 percent per year in each case (measured against the rate of change in the GDP deflator). 1 With the exception of 1986, when the sharp decline in oil prices had a restraining effect on the rise in consumer prices all over the world, the rates of inflation are thus at their lowest level for more than thirty years, and in some countries, they have reached a level which is generally equated with price stability.


1598 Background: Recent recommendations by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force were based on population-based studies and meta-analyses that did not specifically address minority women. A recognized disparity in health care delivery is the underutilization of screening services by minority patients. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinico-pathologic features multi-ethnic breast cancer patients at an urban tertiary hospital who would not be screened under these new guidelines.

METHODS
A retrospective chart review of breast cancer cases diagnosed between 2005-09 at Bellevue Hospital was performed. Data included age, stage, presentation (palpable vs non-palpable), ethnicity, and mammographic findings.

RESULTS
Of 520 cases, 110 (21%) were 40-49 yrs old; data were available for 93. The majority were Chinese (n==36), Hispanic (n==31), or African-American (n==21). Only 5 were Caucasian. Fifty-two (56%) presented with palpable masses vs 41 (44%) with non-palpable cancers. The majority had heterogeneously dense tissue on mammography. Patients with non-palpable lesions were more likely to have been detected by screening mammography, more likely to have had a mammogram the prior year (p == <0.001), and were more likely to have had early-stage disease (p == 0.004) than those with palpable masses.

CONCLUSIONS
Among minority women with breast cancer, we identified a significant percentage (21%) who would not have been screened under the new guidelines due to their age. Furthermore, most women presented with palpable masses and were not being screened regularly as recommended by current guidelines. Targeted interventions should continue to be directed at minority populations to increase participation in screening programs and narrow the disparities in mammography utilization and stage at presentation. [Table: see text].


Currently, there is considerable variation in the way spontaneous preterm labour is diagnosed and managed internationally. As a result, 12 international leading experts from 10 countries met to establish consensus on clinical recommendations and guidelines regarding the diagnosis, management and treatment of spontaneous preterm labour. The consensus was supported by evidence from quality literature published during the last 15 years and graded using the National Health Service Executive classification system (Grades A - C), endorsed by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. The Council found enough evidence of a lack of a consensus across nations to recommend guidelines. It is hoped that these international guidelines, while not meant to be prescriptive, will initiate discussion and correspondence for a basis for implementation on a national level and be adapted for local clinical practice, leading to further meetings around the world, to discuss other areas including infection, mode of delivery and in-utero transfer.


This study investigates the types and forms of politeness principle used by the teachers in English language teaching. Further, it also aims at finding the types and forms of politeness principles that are frequently used by the teachers. This study focuses on analyzing all utterances containing Leech's politeness principle used by the teachers. In collecting the data, this study uses the documentation technique. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive analysis method. The result of this research showed that there are nine types of Leech's politeness principles: tact maxim, generosity maxim, approbation maxim, agreement maxim, sympathy maxim, feeling reticence maxim, opinion reticence, obligation of S to O, and obligation of O to S. While the forms of Leech's politeness principle found in this study are declarative, interrogative and