Background : Liver cirrhosis is the final stage of chronic liver disease that causes fibrosis so that a decrease in function and changes in the shape and structure of the liver. Portal hypertension is an important pathophysiology of cirrhosis of the liver, which can cause an increased risk of death in patients resulting in very detrimental complications originating from portal blood flow obstruction such as cirrhosis or blockage of blood vessels. Non-selective groups of β-blockers such as propranolol can reduce portal pressure by reducing portal venous flow through two mechanisms namely decreased cardiac output and decreased splanchnic blood flow.
Objective : To determine the pattern of use of propranolol drugs in hepatic cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension in Sidoarjo Hospital.
Methods : Observational descriptively in patients with liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension from 01 January to 31 December 2018
Results & Conclusions : The pattern of using single therapy as many as 8 patients (21.6%), combination therapy of two drugs as many as 19 patients (51.4%), and combination therapy of three drugs as many as 10 patients (27%), namely: The most single use of therapy is propranolol ( 3 × 10 mg) PO in 3 patients (37.5%). The most use of combination drug therapy is Propranolol (1 × 10 mg) PO + Octreotid (3 × 100 mcg / 5 ml) IV in 2 patients (10.5%), Furosemide (1 × 20 mg) IV + Propranolol (1 × 10 mg) PO of 2 patients (10.5%), Furosemide (2 × 20 mg) IV + Propranolol (3 × 10 mg) PO of 2 patients (10.5%), Furosemide (3 × 20 mg) IV + Propranolol (2 × 10 mg) PO in 2 patients (10.5%), Furosemide (2 × 20 mg) IV + Propranolol (3 × 20 mg) PO in 2 patients (10.5%). The most use of triple drug combination therapy is Furosemide (1 × 20 mg) IV + Propranolol (2 × 10 mg) PO + Spironolactone (2 × 25 mg) PO in 2 patients (20%), Furosemide (2 × 20 mg) IV + Propranolol (2 × 20 mg) PO + Spironolactone (2 × 100 mg) PO in 2 patients (20%). The switching patterns of therapy (switching) there are 10 patterns.


Appeals from Cochrane Canada and its supporters to the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and the Federal Health Minister Jane Philpott to restore its direct funding have not been met. Yet, Cochrane executives — including new director Dr. Holger Schunemann — remain optimistic.

An


Outdated practice in wound care is largely due to practitioners' reluctance to make informed clinical judgements and use problem-solving skills


Abstract The thioester unit has been commonly used to enhance the mesophase thermal stability and phase range in numerous liquid crystal materials. In this paper we report the synthesis of a homologous series of thioesters with similar structures to AS620 {(S)-(+)-1-methylheptyl 4-[5-(4-dodecyloxyphenyl)thien-2-ylcarbonyloxy]benzoate. 10d in this paper}. A complex phase morphology is observed that indicates an anti-ferro-anti phase sequencing [for the octyloxy derivative (9a in this paper)] based on electrooptic evaluation and especially the observation of polarization threshold on either side of the ferroelectric phase.


Key Points Question Is transfer hospital in home (T-HIH) associated with increased days at home without being associated with increased costs? Findings In this quality improvement study, T-HIH was significantly associated with 18% more days at home and significantly less posthospital nursing home use but was not associated with increased Veterans Affairs or Medicare costs. Meaning These findings suggest that T-HIH provides benefits to patients, payers, and health care systems.


"This paper describes how governments and philanthropic donors could drive innovation through a new kind of technology contest. We begin by reviewing the history of technology prizes, which operate alongside private intellectual property rights and public R&D to accelerate and guide productivity growth towards otherwise-neglected social goals. Proportional "prize rewards" would modify the traditional winner-take-all approach, by dividing available funds among multiple winners in proportion to measured achievement. This approach would provide a royalty-like payment for incremental success. The paper provides concludes with a specific example for how such prizes could be implemented to reward and help scale up successful innovations in African agriculture, through payments to innovators in proportion to the value created by their technologies after adoption. " from authors' abstract


On the basis of summing up the evaluation and prediction methods of construction land scale, this paper explored a new method for forecasting construction land in small towns. Taking Fuping County as an example, correlation analysis was used to determine the driven factors of land expansion such as economy, population, construction investment and so on, and entropy method was used to determine the impacting weight of each driving factor. At last, this paper analyzed mechanism and characteristics of urban expansion, to forecast the scale of construction land using regression analysis, which will provide basis for urban construction and policy making.


This paper tries to provide information that helps to elaborate a diagnostic of poverty and vulnerability of the rural population in Indonesia, most particularly of children from Nusa Tenggara Barat. Insufficient state intervention means that both local and international NGOs are occupying the enormous empty space left by the State in meeting the needs of the population. The text reflects the work done by one of those international NGOs: NGOs Balanced World. This NGO cooperates with other local NGOs seeking community development, using prevention, empowerment and assistance in education, health, environmental and social areas. Through this paper an urgent appeal is made to the involvement of public and private institutions to achieve the Millennium Development Goals proposed by the UN United Nations, and protect children from every corner of the world, promoting and ensuring their development.


The main purpose of this article is to understand the spatial pattern for social space in post-disaster housing reconstruction in Yogyakarta as an actualization of their important socio-spatial space in Javanese dwellings through an in-depth examination and comparative analyses between two-real cases of post-disaster housing in Yogyakarta. The methodology of this research is based on several periods of on-field observation, which including physical data documentary, interview and literature reviews. Items related to development of space pattern and its relation to the activities and social interaction behaviors in the spaces were assessed. Based on the cases, a discussion on how residents adjusted their post-disaster housing were performed, and in conclusion, results suggest that modification were being made in their development of spatial pattern to accommodate their needs of social space in order to maintain users' personal and social lifestyles.


We have prepared three kinds of plasmids containing two lactose promoters in palindromic positions. In the first, structure I, the promoters are joined tail to tail and transcription proceeds from head to tail. In structure II they are joined head to head. In structure III a foreign DNA is located between the two lactose promoters. The plasmid of structure I can not multiply in wild-type Escherichia coli but can in E. coli recB recC sbcB recF. Since a plasmid with structure III can grow in the wild-type strain, a linear DNA fragment which is prepared from structure III by removing the foreign DNA can be used as a very efficient cloning vector. Plasmid DNA with structures I and II isolated from E. coli recB recC sbcB recF were shown to have a relaxed form by agarose gel electrophoresis. However, in contrast to the structure I plasmid, structure II plasmid can multiply in wild-type cells, though it is unstable and present in a low copy number. Excised head to head dimer, but not tail to tail dimer, moved at an unusual rate in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The difference between the physical structures of the two dimers of the lactose promoter may be reflected in the biological character of the plasmids.


Much work has been done to evaluate Large Language Models (LLMs) on common sense reasoning tasks, such as the Winograd Schema Challenge (Levesque et al., 2012). However, the underlying embeddings these models learn are static with respect to language, causing LLMs to perform poorly on benchmarks such as WinoDict that test lexical semantic word shifts (Eisenschlos et al., 2022b). These shifts occur when a word changes meaning over time or when a brand new word emerges. While retraining the entire model is a natural approach to solving this problem, carrying out this operation is expensive in terms of both computation and time (Patterson et al., 2021) and could potentially lead to model degradation. Hypernetworks (Ha et al., 2017), or neural networks that learn parameters for another model, have shown promise in editing language model behavior without the need for retraining (Cao et al., 2021; Kim and Jeong, 2021). Thus, we sought to train a separate LLM hypernetwork to learn and predict GPT-2 (Radford et al., 2019) token embeddings based on the token's definition. After achieving poor results on both WinoDict and our novel dataset CBTDict, we investigated the sensitivity of GPT-2's embedding layer further. Using several "forcing" experiments, we found that even slight perturbations to an embedding can lead to drastic differences in model performance on various downstream tasks. Overall, we argue that a path moving forward involves training transformer models to be more embedding agnostic or differentiating the two-pronged capabilities of language and embedding space understanding in a successful hypernetwork that targets new word embeddings. Our code for the project is open-source. 1 Key Information to include • Mentor: Steven Cao


Twelve isolates of the Streptomyces scabiei causing the common scab in potato were isolated from potato plants originated from different governorates in Egypt. In order to study genetic variation among, these isolates a total of 5 random ten-mer primers were used to perform the Random amplified Polymorphic DNA RAPD-PCR profiles for these 12 isolates. The results revealed that these primers were able to produce different bands. The number of amplified bands varied between 7 to 14, and the size ranged from 247 to 2226 bp. RAPD molecular technique showed that these isolates could be grouped in two clusters. First cluster included the highest value of similarity (81%) between strain no. 9 and strain no. 12; while in second cluster isolates no.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 were pertained to Aswan, Elminia and Assiut regions with similarity value of 40 %. The response of various potato cultivars to common scab infection was studied at greenhouse condition. Lady Rosetta cultivar exhibited the lowest susceptibility to disease by 62.67 followed by Cara cultivar with 58.33. While Diamont, Mondial and Spunta cultivar showed the least degree of scab symptoms. Total sugar was recorded the highest concentration by Cara cultivar. The highest concentration of pectin components was found in Lady Rosseta with 0.684. Diamont cultivar contained the highest concentration of calcium (0.105 mg/L), and Spunta contained the highest concentration of potassium (2.33 mg/L), while Mondial, contained the highest concentration of sodium (1.28 mg/L). These results showed that potato cultivars varied in their susceptibility to common scab disease and further studies are required to determine the factors responsible for resistance or susceptibility.


The higher polarizabilities ..gamma../sub z/zzz, B/sub z/z:zz, and C/sub z/z:zz have been calculated for H/sub 2/ using different-sized basis sets composed of James-Coolidge basis functions. The most-accurate wave functions led to the values 674, -89.8, and 5.97 a.u., respectively. It is emphasized that these properties are critically sensitive to wave-function quality.


Smart surfaces are becoming more and more popular in the field of intralogistics, as they combine great flexibility with easy reprogrammability. Pursuing this trend, the following article proposes a modular surface to perform handling tasks, such as sorting, stopping, or slowing down material flows. Differently from the current technology, the surface used is under-actuated, thus, it exploits the speed, already possessed by the object, or the gravity to perform, with a simplified hardware, for the aforementioned tasks. In practice, these handling actions are completed using an array of rotors, of which only the direction of the rotation axis is controlled. Moreover, the axis can only assume certain discrete orientations in the plane, further simplifying the design. Thus, what is created is a controllable and under-actuated friction field, which, in contrast with similar existing systems, does not require active driving forces to manipulate the material flow. In the article, the analytic model of the surface is described, and a software simulation environment is introduced to demonstrate its functioning. In addition, examples of sorting, slowing down, and stopping operations and a validation of the simulation itself are presented.


EARLIER studies in patients with muscular dystrophy have shown a diminution in total body potassium that appeared to be correlated with the severity of muscle involvement.1 , 2 More recent studies have shown a similar depression in body potassium in some normal relatives of these patients.3 In addition, the usual physiologically constant relation between total body water and potassium, which is markedly altered in dystrophic subjects, is also slightly altered in unaffected relatives with decreased body potassium levels.4 Methods Studies were performed on 47 patients with muscular dystrophy of the Duchenne or limb-girdle type, ranging in age from twelve to sixty-four years, . . .


Shengli oilfield is rich in oil reserves of low permeability reservoirs and developed mainly by horizontal drilling process at present with conventional drilling fluid.But the reservoir damages are often found by the drilling fluid for drawdown of production in the oil and gas wells.So it is necessary to optimize the drilling fluid system.In this paper,the degradable organic salt drilling fluid with strong inhibition and completion fluid is studied and applied to many blocks in Shengli oilfield,and good effects have been obtained.The case study indicates that such drilling and completion fluids are good at protection of the low permeability reservoir,obvious increase of oil and gas production and improvement of exploration and development benefits in this oilfield.


Multi-Source Synthesis: Towards the Light (G. Battle & C. McCarthy). Cyberspace and the Architecture of Power (J. Pickering). Academy Highlights. Books. The Carrier (N. Karam). Colour in the Looking Glass (T. Porter). Reading Form and Space (G. Minah). Colour in the City (C. Moughtin, et al.). Seeing Colour (M. Lancaster). Thomas Taveira. Legorreta Architects. Henri Ciriani. Voets Architects. Ortner and Ortner. Antoine Predock. John Outram Associates. Brian Clarke. CZWG Architects. Frank O Gehry. Madigan + Donald. Luis Barragan.


HIV infection had ravaged Amber's immune system, but not her spirit. Here, her story told by the physician who continues to walk with her.


ABSTRACT How much influence did foreign fighters exert over al-Shabaab's insurgency in Somalia? An emerging policy consensus is that foreign fighters exert decisive influence on insurgencies, even affecting conflict duration, intensity, and outcomes. Nevertheless this study argues that foreign combatants in Somalia have exerted a more limited influence than this consensus suggests, though this influence has varied over time. Foreign fighters were present within al-Shabaab from its inception, and remain a part of the group over ten years later. Over this period, non-Somali combatants enjoyed the most influence during the insurgency against Ethiopian forces between 2007 and 2008, when al-Shabaab was a young organization facing a superior enemy. Over time, foreign fighters' influence within the insurgency in Somalia diminished as al-Shabaab became "domesticated," i.e. gained controlled of territory and began to govern. This study examines four periods in recent Somali history: the Islamic Court Union's rise pre-2006, the Ethiopian invasion from 2007 to 2008, al-Shabaab's territorial conquests from 2009 to 2010, and the internal divisions and purge from 2011 to 2013. This article concludes with a word of caution on the growing perceptions that foreign fighters shape insurgencies and that their involvement significantly helps or hurts local opposition movements. In the case of al-Shabaab's insurgency in Somalia, transnational insurgents shaped external actors' calculus in ways that have affected the conflict's duration, intensity, and even outcomes, but they did not have a commensurate impact within the insurgency.


Impervious surfaces, such as large parts of the urban area, reduce infiltration and increase above ground runoff (Chen et al. 2009) with risk of flooding as a result. Urban flooding has the potential to affect a large amount of people, and can cause great harm to economic interests. Therefore it is important to locate potential areas prone to flooding, and have storm water regimes in mind when planning expansions of built up areas (Barbosa et al. 2012). The focus of this paper was to develop and adapt methods to locate potential flood areas in built up areas using remote sensing and GIS analysis.

The study area for this study was the city of Lund, located in southern Sweden. The methods included the use of high resolution (0.25 m) near-infrared ortho image and a high resolution (2 m) Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The ortho image was used in a land cover classification to locate and map impervious surfaces, while the DEM was used to map potential flow directions and catchment areas on the impervious surfaces. Precipitation data was used to simulate runoff volumes and was used together with the catchment areas to highlight those areas thought to be most prone to flooding.

The resulting catchment areas
Focus was initially put on the three catchment areas with the highest accumulated runoff volumes. These were areas with large homogenous surface cover (impervious surfaces) and continuous slope profile. In regard to accumulated runoff volume, these three areas were thought to be most prone to flooding. But in consideration to the method used to locate the areas, they could be said to simply represent the largest continuous surfaces and not necessarily the most flood prone areas. Therefore a runoff index (water level height) was introduced to filter out catchments based on runoff volume and catchment area. This procedure produced a different result with smaller catchments. The results based on the runoff index are thought to be a more accurate representation of the most flood prone areas, due the smaller size of the catchments that decrease the response time from precipitation to accumulation.

Limitations of the model
For the model to be more accurate, more information regarding drainage would be required as a parameter for infiltration. The land cover classification also introduced a certain amount of misclassification, e.g. in regards to bare soil and impervious surfaces (Lu and Weng 2004). To increase the accuracy, a more specific classification scheme could have been used for impervious surfaces (Han and Burian 2009). Another limiting factor is the flow direction algorithm; the use of a more advanced representation of flow direction could have produced a more realistic result (Zhou et al. 2011).


This paper deals with the efficient authentication model using multimodal face and fingerprint on space specified token. Since space specified token occupies only small amount of data this proposal has been given to minimize the data storage in the card. Here the face images are encrypted and encoded into fingerprint images . The verification accuracy is also high and provides a cheap solution from spoofing and many other attacks.


A total of 800 Baladi hatching eggs were obtained from the baladi population which has been randomly bred for several years in the Poultry and Livestock Experimental Station of the Animal Production Department, College of Food &Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University. Hatching eggs were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (200 eggs in each). Each experimental group was divided into three weight groups (<52, 52-56 and >56g) and were stored for 0, 5, 10 and15 days under 80% relative humidity and 15±1 oC. Fresh eggs were individually weighed before and after storage and incubated following usual hatchery practices. Fifty eggs of each experimental groups were broken out at the end of storage period to determine the effect of storage length and egg group weight on some external (specific gravity and air cell depth) and internal (Haugh units, albumen and yolk pH) egg quality traits. Storage period had a significant (p≤ 0.05) negative effect upon fertile and total egg hatchability, early and total embryonic mortality and all studied egg quality characteristics, whereas egg weight group and EWxST had no significant effect upon all studied traits. From the results of the study we conclude that prolonged storage period of hatching eggs for 10 days or more had a pronounced adverse effect on egg quality and hatchability parameters. whereas egg weight group had statistically no adverse effect upon all


As shown in FIG. 5, and a phase-locked loop and a variable frequency divider (560), device for oscillating a frequency is shown. Variable frequency divider (560) is a second signal frequency (Fout) generated by dividing by the division ratio in a signal of a first frequency, the frequency division, the phase / frequency detector to (510) is performed based on the comparison of the reference frequency clock input is input (Fref) and a signal input of the feedback frequency. A charge pump (520) and loop filter (530) is shown with dividers that allow the realization of dividing the correct feedback frequency second frequency signal (355) (550). A VCO (540) includes a resonant circuit comprising a capacitor that is selected, a control voltage for setting the operating frequency, the active circuitry for the appropriate gain and (320) is inherent.


The theory of feedback stability and instability in the Marcinkiewicz space M_2 is shown to be closely allied to the corresponding theory in L2. Specifically, it is shown how various standard results for L_2 carry over directly into M2.


Synapsins (Syns) are an evolutionarily conserved family of synaptic vesicle‐associated proteins related to fine tuning of synaptic transmission. Studies with mammals have partially clarified the different roles of Syns; however, the presence of different genes and isoforms and the development of compensatory mechanisms hinder accurate data interpretation. Here, we use a simple in vitro monosynaptic Helix neuron connection, reproducing an in vivo physiological connection as a reliable experimental model to investigate the effects of Syn knockdown. Cells overexpressing an antisense construct against Helix Syn showed a time‐dependent decrease of Syn immunostaining, confirming protein loss. At the morphological level, Syn‐silenced cells showed a reduction in neurite linear outgrowth and branching and in the size and number of synaptic varicosities. Functionally, Syn‐silenced cells presented a reduced ability to form synaptic connections; however, functional chemical synapses showed similar basal excitatory postsynaptic potentials and similar short‐term plasticity paradigms. In addition, Syn‐silenced cells presented faster neurotransmitter release and decreased postsynaptic response toward the end of long tetanic presynaptic stimulations, probably related to an impairment of the synaptic vesicle trafficking resulting from a different vesicle handling, with an increased readily releasable pool and a compromised reserve pool. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


zðTÞ 1⁄4 s0ðjh1jþ jh0jÞþ h 1h1þ h 0h0 ðB:1Þ The received points in the constellation are scaled by |h1| þ |h0| and distorted by h 1h1þ h 0h0.1 To show the basic concept of STC we now describe the simple two transmit and one received antenna block coding system known as the Alamouti coded STC system [Ala98]. Figure B.2 illustrates the operation of the two-transmit and one-receive antenna system. Alamouti showed a simple transmission and detection scheme that reproduces Eq. (B.1) with one-transmit and two-received antenna systems. Alamouti's transmitted block code operates on a sequence of two symbols {s0,s1}, as shown in Fig. B.2, this sequence being time coded into two sequences fs0; s 1g and fs1; s 0g to be then space coded by the first and second antennas respectively. Each of these two sequences has two symbols that are


While much has been written and said on this subject recently, I make no apology for bringing it before you, as there are many points still unsettled. This is especially true of the question of treatment. In addition to some of the results of my rather limited personal experience, I wish to present some tentative conclusions and opinions culled from papers and discussions which have fallen under my notice within the last few months. Dr. Nicholas Senn, in the Journal of the American Medical As sociation, March 24, 1894, says: "It appears to me that it would be more profitable in the future, for this department of abdominal surgery, to write less concerning individual experience, and elabo rate more thoroughly, upon a pathological basis, the conditions which demand operation, viz.: the reasons for the necessity of operative


The advent of increasingly sophisticated medical technology, surgical interventions, and supportive healthcare measures is raising survival probabilities for babies born premature and/or with life‐threatening health conditions. In the United States, this trend is associated with greater numbers of neonatal surgeries and higher admission rates into neonatal intensive care units (NICU) for newborns at all birth weights. Following surgery, current pain management in NICU relies primarily on narcotics (opioids) such as morphine and fentanyl (about 100 times more potent than morphine) that lead to a number of complications, including prolonged stays in NICU for opioid withdrawal. In this paper, we review current practices and challenges for pain assessment and treatment in NICU and outline ongoing efforts using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to support pain‐ and opioid‐sparing approaches for newborns in the future. A major focus for these next‐generation approaches to NICU‐based pain management is proactive pain mitigation (avoidance) aimed at preventing harm to neonates from both postsurgical pain and opioid withdrawal. AI‐based frameworks can use single or multiple combinations of continuous objective variables, that is, facial and body movements, crying frequencies, and physiological data (vital signs), to make high‐confidence predictions about time‐to‐pain onset following postsurgical sedation. Such predictions would create a therapeutic window prior to pain onset for mitigation with non‐narcotic pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical interventions. These emerging AI‐based strategies have the potential to minimize or avoid damage to the neonate's body and psyche from postsurgical pain and opioid withdrawal.


An account is given of laboratory measurements of absorption by the 9.6 μ band of ozone using dry air as the foreign gas. The experimental results for the band area, Ar, are tabulated for ozone amounts up to 1.5 cm STP and pressures from 10 to 760 mm Hg at a temperature of 20°C; the slit width is 6.5 cm−1. An empirical formula for Ar is given. The best fit is obtained with slightly modified values of the ultra-violet absorption coefficients determined by Vigroux (1953), when the standard error in band area is 2.4 per cent.


Patients with altered mental status may not be able to undergo preoxygenation, which is required for optimal rapid sequence intubation. In a


This paper proposes a new lossless bi-directional current sense circuit for low-voltage high-current bi-directional converters. Lossless current sensing is achieved by compensating the inductance of the inductor with a low pass filter. A new structure which adopts floating power rail, dc-biased current mirror and closed loop operation level-shifts and amplifies the output of the low pass filter. The difference between the output voltage and the reference voltage is proportional to the inductor current. The proposed circuit realizes high bandwidth bi-directional estimation of instantaneous inductor current without using costly high performance operational amplifiers. The elimination of the external current-sense resistor greatly improves the efficiency of the converter and the proposed circuit can be integrated into a variety of efficiency-critical high-current converters. The novel circuit is constructed and tested with a bi-directional converter. Experimental results demonstrate good agreement with theory and verify the excellent linearity and high bandwidth capacities of the circuit.


(2017). Venda Lashu: Tshivenda Songs, Musical Games and Song StoriesThe Flamboyant Rooster and Other Tshivenda Song StoriesThe Girls in the Baobab: Venda Stories from the Limpopo Valley. Journal of the Musical Arts in Africa: Vol. 14, No. 1-2, pp. 95-98.


Objective
Comparing the organ-system-based integrated curriculum model and tradi-tional teaching model in medical education to evaluate the effect of Integrated curriculum model.

Methods
The experiment group (Group A) included 45 students who had graduated in 2016 under integrated curricu-lum model, the control group (Group B) included 82 students who had graduated in the same year under traditional teaching model. Comparing the test score between two groups to see if a significant difference emerged, including general education courses, graduation examination, clinical intern examination, uninte-grated curriculum and National Medical Licensing Examination. Using SPSS 19.0 statistics, 2-Independent-sample T test.

Results
There were no significant difference in the scores of general education courses between the groups. The total score of graduation theory examination in group A was 54.71±8.58, which was significantly higher than group B (49.13±12.21) (P=0.008), especially in internal medicine, surgery, gyne-cology and obstetrics, the contrast of the two groups being P=0.015, P=0.022, P=0.002 respectively. The total score of OSCE in group A was 69.56±5.64, which was significantly higher than group B (65.74±5.37) (P=0.000), especially in diagnose, clinical thinking ability, interpersonal communication skills and total score, the contrast of the two groups being P=0.019, P=0.001, P=0.000 respectively. The scores of clinical Intern examination in group A were superior to group B, especially in internal medicine, surgery, gynecology and obstetrics, the contrast of the two group being P=0.029, P=0.015, P=0.003 respectively. The scores of 3 unintegrated curriculum in group A were the same with group B. The total score of National Medical Licens-ing Examination in group A was (429.690±31.197), which was significantly higher than group B (412.370±46.858) (P=0.048), especially in Clinical medicine, Preventive Medicine, the contrast of the two groups were P=0.011, P=0.022 respectively, in the level of knowledge, comprehension, application, the contrast of the two groups being P=0.022, P=0.041 respectively.

Conclusions
The integrated curriculum modal has more advantages in developing students' Comprehensive ability. There is no fixed pattern of integrated curriculum, and it needs continuous evaluation and improvement to ensure the effect.

Key words:
Medical education; Organ-system; Integrated curriculum; Evaluation


DESNATALIA MILALA: Analysis of Drip Irrigation using Infus Emitter at Cucumber Plants ( Cucumis Sativus L.), supervised by EDI SUSANTO and AINUN ROHANAH. The research was held to test the growing response and productivity of cucumber to the given treatments. Split Plot-plot Design with three factors was used with three replications. The first factor was height of water source (T) that is 1 meters and 2 meters. The second was the distance of the plants (D) that is 40 cm and 20 cm. The third was the length of infus hose that is 150 cm and 75 cm, therefore, there were 8 combinations. The parameters abserved were the diameter of trunk, height of plants, productivity and irrigation uniformity. The results of this experiment indicated that the interactions of the three treatments had significant effect on diameter of trunk, height of plants, and productivity of cucumber. Irrigation uniformity for the treatment of T1D1P1 was 95.7%, T1D1P2 was 95.11%, T1D2P1 was 93.16%, T1D2P2 was 93.69%, T2D1P1 was 92.74%, T2D1P2 was 98.12%, T2D2P1 was 96.28%, and T2D2P2 was 95.14%. Keyword : Drip Irrigation, Cucumber, Alternative Emitter. Universitas Sumatera Utara


Operating principle,Characteristics and some notes in application of online coal ash determinator are introduced in this paper,actual apply effect of the determinor in Coal Preparation Plant of No.2 Coalmine is discussed.


Generalized Lattice Boltzmann Equation (GLBE) was used for computation of turbulent channel flow for which Large Eddy Simulation (LES) was employed as a turbulence model. The subgrid-Scale turbulence effects were simulated through a Shear-Improved Smagorinsky Model (SISM) which is capable of predicting turbulent near wall region accurately without any wall function. Computations were done for a relatively coarse grid with shear Reynolds number of 180 in a parallelized code. Good numerical stability was observed for this computational framework. Results of mean velocity distribution across the channel showed good correspondence with Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) data. Negligible discrepancies were observed for computed turbulent statistics between present computations and those reported from DNS. Three-dimensional instantaneous vorticity contours showed complex vortical structures appeared in such flow geometries. It is concluded that such framework is capable of predicting accurate results for turbulent channel flow without adding significant complication and computational cost to the standard Smagorinsky model.© 2010 ASME


This article examines three contemporary Australian poems that concern themselves with matters of the sacred within the modern Australian city. Noting that Australian poetry and the sacred have often been studied in terms of the landscape, the article approaches these poems as part of an undercurrent of spiritual or sacred writing that takes up urban Australian spaces as important and resonant sites. Through readings of Kevin Hart's 'Night Music' (2008), Jill Jones's 'Where We Live' (2007) and Benjamin Frater's 'Ourizen' (2011), the article demonstrates the various ways that contemporary Australian spirituality is poetically expressed in cities such as Brisbane, Adelaide and Sydney.


The impact of significant family life events on child educational outcomes was examined for a sample of 204 families in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, whose children began kindergarten in 1992, 1993, or 1994. These children and families were part of the Head Start Transition Demonstration Project, a longitudinal study to assess benefits of services like those provided by Head Start to families and children during the first few years of public school. Families were interviewed, during which parent questionnaires--styled similarly to Sarason et al (1978) Life Event Scale--were completed. The most frequently occurring events were change in employment, death in the close family, gaining a new family member, and separation of the responding parent and her/his partner. Preliminary results included a significant negative relationship between the total number of life events a child experiences and his or her achievement scores. Children who experience more major life events achieve less in school. (Contains 10 references.) (BGC) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** The Impact of Significant Life Events on Children During Their First Three Years of School Karen Taylor and Steve Hege Frank Porter Graham Child Development Center University of North Carolina and Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Schools Introduction U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) NikThm document has been reproduced as ecemed from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or oporeorts stated .n this document do not necessarily represent official 0E1:11 position Or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Can children who experience the death of someone close to them, or the marriage of their parent, or a move to a new home be expected to succeed in school at the same rate as their peers who do not experience such events? How are the events that occur at home connected to what a child does in the classroom? Presented here is preliminary information on the connection between significant life events that children and families face and the impact of those events on children's educational outcomes. Data discussed in this paper are based on a sample of 204 families in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, whose children began kindergarten in 1992, 1993, or 1994. These children and families are participating in the Head Start Transition Demonstration Project. This project, currently operating in 31 sites nationwide, is a longitudinal study to assess the benefits of providing services like those provided in Head Start to families and children during the child's first few years of public school. In the North Carolina Transition Project children and families receive assistance from a Family Services Coordinator in the areas of social services, health, and parent involvement. An Educational Coordinator works with each BEST COPY AVAIIABLE, 2 child, family, and school, to provide educational support through individual instruction, group enrichment programs for children and families, and teacher training opportunities. Sample and Procedure A randomization procedure divided the six local schools into three that receive services and three that do not. Both treatment and control groups include families whose children attended Head Start, and those who would have been eligible but did not attend. Extensive data are being gathered about child academic achievement and social adjustment, and family background and functioning. As part of a lengthy family interview parents are asked 15 questions about events that have occurred in their lives in the past 12 months. The questionnaire is styled somewhat like the Sarason, et al. (1978) Life Event Scale, but it is not as comprehensive. Parents are asked the same questions annually for four years. The questions cover any changes in marital status, shifts in family membership, illness, death, relocation and employment changes. All events were considered to be events that would effect the child's life in some way. Some events were clearly negative (the death of someone important to the child); others were either positive or neutral (parent being married); and some were clearly not good, but may not have strongly affected the child (family member going to jail). An overall summary of the data collected to date is shown in Table 1. Literature Review Current literature indicates that there is a significant relationship between child outcomes (for example: scores on, achievement tests, school attendance, and social skills) and the number of significant life events that a family experiences. Some researchers


Abstract In this work, six Pt(II) complexes have been studied via density functional theory (DFT)/time-dependent DFT caculations to explore the influence of different ancillary ligand on electron structures, photophysical properties and radiative decay processes. Moreover, the self-consistent spin–orbit coupling TDDFT was used to calculate zero-field splitting, radiative rate and radiative lifetime to unveil the radiative deactivation processes for these complexes. The results indicated that [Pt(ppy)(ppz)] (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine and ppz = 5-(2-pyridyl)-pyrazole) has a higher radiative decay rate constant and a smaller nonradiative decayrate constant than that of [Pt(ppy)(acac)] (acac = acetylacetonate). Furthermore, complex 5, with dimesityboron added on the 3′-position of the pyrazole ring in [Pt(ppy)(ppz)], shows great potential to serve as an efficient blue-green light emitter in OLED. Graphical abstract Better phosphorescent properties can be obtained from proper alteration or modification of the ancillary ligand in cyclometalated platinum complexes.


There is abundant resource of winter fallow land in Guizhou.Planting forage grasses in the winter fallow land can reach the purpose of resource rational utilization and alleviate the land contradiction between forage grasses and grain.The paper introduces the current situation and main patterns of planting forage grasses in winter fallow land,analyzes its development prospect and proposes the practical countermeasures to develop planting forage grasses in the winter fallow land fast and better for promoting development of ecological animal husbandry in Guizhou.


Conceptual shielding design has been performed for the Demonstration Fast Breeder Reactor (DFBR) to achieve further optimization and reduction of the plant construction cost. The design took into account its implications in overall plant configuration such as reduction of shields in the core, adoption of fission gas plenum in the lower portion of fuel assemblies, and adoption of gas expansion modules. Shielding criteria applied for the design are to secure fast neutron fluence on in-vessel structures as well as responses of the nuclear instrumentation system and to restrict secondary sodium activation. The design utilized the cross sections and the one- and two-dimensional discrete ordinates transport codes, whose verification had been performed by the JASPER experiment analysis. Correction factors yielded by the JASPER analysis were applied to the design calculations to obtain design values with improved accuracy. Design margins, which are defined by the ratios of the design criteria to the design values, were more than two for all shielding issues of interest, showing the adequacy of the shielding design of the DFBR.


Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron spin resonance (ESR) studies were employed for the study of oxygen interaction with nonstoichiometric ceria CeO 2 →CeO 2-x . The crystal structure of CeO 2 is maintained during heat treatment in vacuo from 573 to 1073 K. Oxygen adsorption yields ESR signals for three species believed to all be due to O 2 - adsorbed at different surface sites


I am grateful for the Canadian Consensus Document on Fibromyalgia Syndrome (1). Therehasbeenagreatneedof suchadocument, and it is an important beginning and a good foundationfor theproposedClinicalCaseDefinition for Fibromyalgia (2). I believe that many patients with fibromyalgia syndrome [FMS] are not diagnosed because clinicians do not understand the concept of FMS. They are only focused on counting tender points [TePs]. Research indicates that even when patients who have pain in many regions of the body do not have11of18TePs required for the technicaldiagnosis of FMS, the nociceptive system is already dysfunctional. The dysfunction becomes more severe as the number of TePs increases, and becomes greatest in patients who have FMS (3). One implication is that patients who do not yet have 11 of 18 TePs may benefit from aggressive pain control to prevent further central sensitization. The concept of perpetuating factors is as valid for FMS as it is for the trigger points [TrPs]of themyofascialpainsyndrome[MPS]. The FMS is not progressive (4). If the FMS is getting progressively worse with time, it is because there is at least one perpetuating factor not being adequately controlled. Many of the factors that are believed to perpetuate TrPs in the MPS are also perpetuating factors, aggravating factors, or even initiating factors for the FMS. This has caused many clinicians to erroneously believe that FMS and MPS are the same. This confusion must be eliminated. Research indicates that insulin resistance may be a common perpetuating factor of FMS (5). Sleep dysfunction, prevalent in FMS, itself may adversely affect glucose tolerance (6), and may also unbalance the HPA-axis (7). Treating the insulin resistance through diet, especially if it is the main FMS perpetuating factor, may leave the patient feeling much better. In myofascial pain, active TrPs can become latent. There is a difference between eliminating TrPs and allowing them to become latent. Latent TrPs are like time bombs waiting to go off. They do not cause pain, but they restrict range of motion and cause muscle dysfunction. A fall, an auto accident, or an infection can result in the latent TrPs becoming activated. The patient, and the clinician, may conclude that this is due to an FMS flare unless the TrPs are


SUMMARY Improvement of power system stability is the most important issue of generator excitation control. The combination of thyristor excitation with AP-PSS is usually applied to recently installed very large turbogenerators. This power system generator (PSS) is not always effective for wide-range operation of generators or for various changes of power system line impedance. The application of the optimal control theory, especially the multifeedback signal resulting from the Riccati equation has been studied and reported in many papers. These papers, however, do not clearly describe how to set performance index values and the studies reported in them also use inadequate signals. lhis paper presents a method to set the performance index values to make adequate feedback signals for selecting actual control on the application of the Riccati equation. Further, the developed PSS using multifeedback signals is applied to actual very large turbogenerators after confirming the performance of effective damping for power oscillation.


This report summarizes experimental and analytical work conducted in the Laboratory during the first half of 1952. During this period the first task of the current change order, the preparation of a manual of harbor design, was also accomplished.

Sections II and III of this report describe work done in
connection with the second task assignment - the obtaining of further information concerning wave disturbances in harbors. The experimental part of this study was terminated for lack of time before positive results could be obtained. The study was nonetheless interesting and valuable since it pointed out the importance of further investigation of the stability of standing wave patterns in closed basins.

Sections IV and V describe initial phases of two-and three-dimensional studies of scour, a program undertaken in accordance with the general provisions of the third task assignment of the change order. These studies are to be continued until the termination of the current contract period, and have been proposed for further study in the pending contract extension proposal.


Some correction are made to previous calculations on spontaneous interfacial convection driven by differences in surfactant adsorption on liquid–liquid interfaces. When those corrections are applied in the computer calculations, the previously reported differences between the dispersion curves with the Sternling–Scriven model and that of the present authors at low surface tension disappear in the case of a linear concentration profile. With exponential profiles, simulating profiles of the erf-type, there is still found a destabilisation for low interfacial tensions which might be a mechanism active in spontaneous emulsification phenomena. The influence of decreasing the thickness of the concentration zone while keeping the interfacial transfer of substance constant is a stabilising one, for oscillatory as well as non-oscillatory instabilities due to the decreasing concentration difference between surfactant in the two liquid phases. The Sternling–Scriven formalism is modified to cover the case of exponential profiles. In cases with not too low surface tensions (above 1 dyne cm–1) this model gives the same results as the Lyngby approach, i.e., effects due to interfacial deformation, gravity and absolute value of the surface tension are often unimportant.


Chapter 7 synthesizes the major conclusions of the book. As an examination of the Egyptian themes at Hadrian's villa in Tivoli demonstrates, these conclusions are significant not only for Pompeii in 79 CE but also for Roman visual culture more broadly. Issues considered include the use of household material culture to literally "domesticate" ideologies of empire; the relationship between "Egyptianizing" and "Classicizing" forms of Roman art; a comparison of display strategies in "elite" and "non-elite" houses; the relationship between religious identity and material culture; conceptions of order versus chaos in Roman gardens; and the agency of domestic material culture in shaping everyday practices and experiences. The garden assemblages in this book present the Pompeian house not only as a microcosm of empire but also as a workshop where individuals could work out through practice what it actually meant to live in a changing, profoundly interconnected, and increasingly interdependent world.


Due to resource constraints in the Indian education sector, efficiency assessment of the higher education is more essential for the proper allocation and the effective utilization of financial and human resources. Moreover, much of the research in the higher education sector has mainly focused on the quality of education and ignored the role of efficiency. Therefore, the present study analyzes the technical efficiency of the higher education in the Indian states. Secondary data for the study were collected from reports of the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), UGC Reports, Economic Survey of India and Reports of the All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE). Data Envelopment Analysis was used to analyze the data. The efficiency results suggest that the states analyzed in this study are operating at a moderate level of efficiency relative to each other.


We investigated whether rCBF val- ues obtained with the SPECT technique are different in schizophrenics with predominant- ly positive or negative symptoms and assessed the biological underpinnings of psychotic phe- nomena, which has been done repeatedly in the past, with somewhat varied results. Twenty-nine schizophrenic patients were examined to investigate the relationship between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and psychopathology according to SANS, SAPS and BPRS scores. Using the Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT method at rest, rCBF was assessed in 15 patients with predominantly positive (group I) and 14 with predominantly negative (group II) symptoms. Ten age- matched normal healthy volunteers comprised the control group. We found that the rCBF of group II was prominently decreased in the temporal region compared to that of group I. Basal ganglia rCBF demonstrated a hyperperfusion pattern in medicated vs non-medicated patients (p<0.05). Negative symptom scores showed a positive correlation, particularly with left parietal blood flows, and a negative correlation with temporal region blood flows; positive symptom scores showed correlations positively with temporal region blood flow and negatively with left parieto-temporal blood flows. It is suggested that positive/negative symptoms might reflect a dysfunction of fronto-parieto-temporal heteromodal association cortices.


Due to various error sources, accurate integrated antenna measurements can be difficult to achieve. This study analyses the accuracy of a measurement set-up for radiation pattern (RP), directivity and gain measurements. The main sources of uncertainty are pointed out and the overall achievable accuracy is determined. The expanded uncertainty budgets for RP, directivity and gain measurements are 0.2, 0.2 and 1.7 dB, respectively. Furthermore, the phase centre of the antenna under test (AUT) is calculated for a more accurate and faster antenna alignment. The standard deviation of the calculated phase centre position is 50 μm on each axis.


Key Points Question How do previously developed breast cancer polygenic risk scores (PRSs) perform in a clinical setting for women of different ancestries? Findings In this multicenter cohort study linking electronic medical records to genotyping data that including 39 591 women, PRSs were significantly associated with breast cancer risk in women of all ancestries, although the effect sizes were smaller in women with African ancestry. Meaning Previously developed PRS models for breast cancer risk performed well for women with European and Latinx ancestries in different clinical settings; these results suggest that larger studies are needed to develop and validate PRSs for women with African ancestry.


A priori signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) contains critical information about the single-channel mixture of a speech and noise signal, and can be used by speech enhancement algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel a priori SNR estimator using the estimates obtained from discriminative non-negative matrix factorization (DNMF). The idea of our new approach is to utilize the DNMF to perform the preliminary speech components estimation, which can be either directly used to estimate the a priori SNR, or can be combined with the well-known decision-directed (DD) approach by Ephraim and Malah to perform the a priori SNR estimation. We present a speaker-independent but noise-dependent DNMF-based a priori SNR estimator. Speech enhancement simulation results in the presence of non-stationary noise validate our new approach combined with well-known spectral weighting rules, outperforming several NMF-based and non-NMF-based state-of-the-art methods, w.r.t. both SNR improvement and speech perceptual quality.


RESULTSdIn the final analysis comprising 101 patients, isomaltulose did not significantly affectHbA1c at 12weeks (sucrose: 7.3960.78%; isomaltulose: 7.246 0.76%; regression coefficient [b]: 0.02 [95%CI:20.21 to 0.25], P = 0.844). Triglycerides at 12 weeks were significantly lower in the isomaltulose versus the sucrose group (b: 34.01 [6.59–61.44], P = 0.016). Other secondary parameters did not significantly differ between groups.


There is a great environmental concern about the effect of pathogenic protozoans. In this way, an investigation was done for the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia sp. in biologically treated municipal effluents, prior to and after sodium hypoclorite disinfection. The experimental set was made up with four different effluents, three detention times and two hypoclorite dosages. The average Cryptosporidum density was 1042 oocysts/100 L, superior to Giardia counts of 431 cysts/100 L. The sample density variation was greater in the prior to than in the disinfected effluents. No significant Pearson's correlations (p<0,05) were found between the protozoans and turbidity, COD or total and fecal coliforms. The final levels of the pathogenic organisms, prior to and after disinfection, showed that natural treatment systems (e.g., lagoons systems) were not efficient to bring pathogens to safe environmental levels.


Like in Software Engineering the development of ontologies in a team requires efficient support for the management of ontology versions. In this paper we introduce an SVN-based approach for versioning of W3C OWL ontologies called SVoNt – a subversion system for ontologies. Our major goal was to enable views on the revision history of an ontology on the concept level in the same fashion as it is known from the classical SVN approach for the document level.


The re a r e v a r i o u s r e a s o n s v;hy p e o p l e r e f r a i n f r om making t h e i r o p i n i o n s h e a r d . To some, t h e i d e a would n o t o c c u r ; o t h e r s b e l i e v e i t t o be u s e l e s s . S t i l l o t h e r s a r e a f r a i d of b e i n g l i n k e d w i t h an u n p o p u l a r c a u s e . I t i s l i k e l y t h a t many L e s b i a n s have s h i e d away f rom t h e F reeman ca se s i m p l y b ec au se J e a n n a c e Freeman i s a L e s b i a n , T h i s c a se c e r t a i n l y does n o t h i n g t o advance t h e image of t h e homo s e x u a l i n t h e p u b l i c e y e . D o u b t l e s s some L e s b i a n s shy away f rom i d e n t i f y i n g w i t h Mis s F r eeman , i n s i s t i n g t h a t " I would n e v e r k i l l a n y o n e , " and " I ' m a r e s p e c t a b l e , u p p e r m i d d l e c l a s s p r o f e s s i o n a l woman, n o t a l o w e r c l a s s b u t c h , " They b e l i e v e t h a t t h e y have o n l y L e sb i a n i sm i n common w i t h Miss F reeman— and f o r g e t t h a t s h e , t o o , i s a n e e d f u l human b e i n g ! A cco rd ing t o newspape r r e p o r t s , J e a n n a c e Freeman ha s so u gh t r e l i g i o u s i n s t r u c t i o n and h a s a t l a s t been r e c e i v i n g p s y c h o l o g i c a l h e l p wh i l e i n p r i s o n — and ha s b e n e f i t t e d g r e a t l y from b o t h . I t w i l l be i r o n i c i f she i s e x e c u t e d ! (R e a d e r s may a d d r e s s l e t t e r s t o ; Governo r Mark 0 , H a t f i e l d , Oregon S t a t e C a p i t o l B u i l d i n g , Sa l em, Or eg on . ) A N OPEN LETTER TO HOMOSEXUALS Two y e a r s have gone by s i n c e the v i c t i m s of t h e P reemanJ a e k s o n murder were d i s c o v e r e d . S h o r t l y a f t e r Mi s s F r e e m a n ' s t r i a l and c o n v i c t i o n i n Madras , t h e r e a p p e a r e d i n t h e OREGONIAN a l e t t e r t o t h e e d i t o r , e n t i t l e d " G u i l t by C o n s e n s u s . " The w r i t e r s t a t e d t h a t "Miss F r e em an ' s de ed ha s c a u se d more t h a n the d e a t h of a human b e i n g ; i t h a s a l s o s e t back t h e c h an ce s t ovmrd t h e l e s s e n i n g of the s t i g m a a t t a c h e d t o h o m o s e x u a l i t y a bo u t 10 y e a r s i n O re g o n , " She g o e s on t o s a y , " I have no do u b t t h a t had Mis s P roemèn' s J u r o r s a l l b een homo se xua l s t h e m s e l v e s , t h e y would have shown no sympa thy , and would have come up w i t h t h e same v e r d i c t of g u i l t y . " C e r t a i n l y any r e s p o n s i b l e p e r s o n , homosexual o r h e t e r o  s e x u a l , would d e p l o r e t h i s t r a g i c c r ime f o r any number of r e a s o n s , and a g re e t o J u s t p u n i s h m e n t . However, i f Mi ss F r e e m a n ' s t r a g i c l i f e , and p e r h a p s e v e n t u a l d e a t h , i s t o a c c o m p l i s h no more t h a n t h i s l e t t e r w r i t e r f e l t was t o be a n t i c i p a t e d — t h e n t r u l y t h i s i s a most h e a r t b r e a k i n g s i t u a t i o n . The h o m os exu a l s a c r o s s t h e c o u n t r y a r e work ing t oward u n d e r s t a n d i n g and a c c e p t a n c e by t h e p u b l i c and t h e i r r i g h t s a s l a w a b i d i n g c i t i z e n s . How can any c i t i z e n , ho mosexua l o r h e t e r o s e x u a l , demand and e x p e c t h i s c o n s t i  t u t i o n a l r i g h t s , u n l e s s he i s p r e p a r e d t o a c c e p t a l s o the c o r r e s p o n d i n g r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s t h a t go a l o n g w i t h t h e s e " r i g h t s , " and a l s o t h e d e f i n i t e o b l i g a t i o n s ? Does n o t t h e b e t t e r a d j u s t e d homosexua l have even more o f an o b l i  g a t i o n t o w a r d t h i s s u b g ro u p w i t h i n h i s m i n o r i t y g ro u p , t h a n t h e g e n e r a l p u b l i c ? A f t e r a l l , he s h o u l d u n d e r s t a n d t h e p r e s s u r e s and p ro b l em s o f h i s own k i n d . Would n o t t h e g e n e r a l p u b l i c be f a r more l i k e l y t o p u t s i n c e r e e f f o r t and money i n t o t h e n e c e s s a r y r e s e a r c h t o h e l p t h i s s u b g r o u p , i f t h e y c o u l d see e v id e n c e t h a t t h e homos exu a l can be a p r o d u c t i v e and r e s p e c t a b l e p a r t o f a community? I t would be i n t e r e s t i n g t o know j u s t how much e f f o r t , money and words went i n t o t r y i n g , c o n v i c t i n g , and now p u n i s h i n g Mis s Freeman* I wonder wh a t a s m a l l f r a c t i o n of a l l t h i s T;o*uld have a c c o m p l i s h e d a f ew y e a r s ago? She might have s e r v e d a u s e f u l p l a c e i n s o c i e t y . As i t now s t a n d s , she i s one more w a s t e d l i f e . One more of how many b e f o r e h e r , o r how many t o f o l l o w ? C o u n t l e s s number s of L e s b i a n s have ended a s p r i s o n e r s , d r u n k s , or s u l o l d e s . How, t h e n , can t he t h i n k i n g homosexua l so l i g h t l y w r i t e o f f one of h i s own number , even t h o u g h she I s a p e r f e c t example o f t h i s su b g ro u p ? THE LADDER r e c e n t l y r e p o r t e d on a t a l k g i v e n by R eve ren d Robe r t '.i. Vfood, a u t h o r of " C h r i s t and t h e H o m ose xua l . " D i s c u s s i n g B i b l i c a l r e f e r e n c e s to f e m a l e h o m o s e x u a l i t y . Rev. Wood was a b l e t o g ive o n l y t h r e e , p o s s i b l y f o u r , and he n o t e d t h a t "women d i d n 't c o u n t f o r muoh i n t h o s e d a y s , " I wonder J u s t how much t h e L e s b i a n c o u n t s f o r i n I 963? I s she c o u r a g e o u s enough t o work f o r s o l u t i o n s t o p r o b  lems t h a t c r e a t e c i r c u m s t a n c e s t h a t a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h i s w as t ed l i f e o f Mi s s F r e e m a n ' s ? I t seems t h a t homo s e x u a l s m ig h t f i n d a c h a l l e n g e h e r e I f They w i l l r e a p p r a i s e Mi s s F r e e m a n ' s l i f e . There i s muoh t o be a c c o m p l i s h e d i n h e l p i n g t h e homosex u a l and who could be b e t t e r e q u i p p e d t h a n some o f your own g roup ? You might be amazed a t t h e number of p e o p l e who would g l a d l y r a l l y t o such e f f o r t on y o u r own b e h a l f , I c o p i e d t h e f o l l o w i n g f rom a P o r t l a n d p a p e r : "THE VISION TO SEE; THE CONSCIENCE TO REASON; THE COURAGE TO SPEAK." Vihat a v /onde r fu l m o t to t h i s c o u l d be f o r such a v ro r t hwhi le u n d e r t a k i n g , t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of working w i t h o n e ' s own k i n d ! Mrs , B . , P o r t l a n d , Oregon O


One of the renewable energy sources that is presently being developed in Indonesia is the technology that converts solar energy into electrical energy using solar cells or PV panels. The power output of a solar panel is influenced by several factors, including solar radiation intensity, panel surface temperature, shading, and the angle of solar incidence. One factor that can influence the efficiency of a solar panel is the temperature of the solar module. The efficiency of a solar panel decreases as its temperature increases. Installing a Peltier TEC1-12706 on a PV panel will have an impact on heat absorption on the surface of the PV panel, thereby optimizing the power output of the PV panel. This study utilizes three monocrystalline solar panels with a power rating of 50 Wp, which are installed under three conditions: the first solar panel without a Peltier device, the second solar panel with twenty Peltier devices connected in series beside the solar panel, and the third solar panel with twenty Peltier devices connected in series both beside and beneath the solar panel. The output of these solar panels is remotely monitored using IoT as a connection to facilitate the monitoring and control of measured variables, including ambient temperature, solar panel surface temperature, voltage, current, solar panel output power, and efficiency. The data is collected at a height of approximately 12 meters in an outdoor laboratory at the Telecommunications Department of the Electrical Engineering Polytechnic of Sriwijaya Palembang. The measurements are collected between approximately 07:00 to 17:00 local time. The research results reveal that the monocrystalline PV panel with Peltier devices connected in series beneath and beside the solar panel has a higher absorption temperature compared to the solar panel without a Peltier device. Irradiance and ambient temperature have an influence on the voltage and current of the PV panel. The measured irradiance is directly influenced by the ambient temperature. The PV panel, with the addition of Peltier devices beneath and beside it, has an output voltage of 0.3 volts, a higher current value of 0.37 amperes, an increase in output power of 8.9 watts, and an overall average efficiency enhancement of 32.6% compared to the PV panel without a Peltier device.


Weight optimization of metal structures is very time consuming process. Unfortunately in composite structures this process is much more longer. due to big amount of potential solutions generated by system layout-material. That's why all efforts to automation this process should be honored. Recently in the market has appeared new program of American firm Collier-Research. Name of this program is HyperSizer and is intended for structure sizing both metal and composite. What is very important HyperSizer is using formulas prepared in Langley Research Center during many years of testing. In this presentation will be shown verification of HyperSizer based on weight optimization of horizontal tail of PZL I-23 all-composite aircraft. PZL I-23 Manager is new product of Institute of Aviation in Warsaw.


Carbon nanofiber (CNF)-supported platinum catalysts have been prepared using Pt(NH3)4(NO3)2 as precursor by two different ion exchange techniques, one at a constant pH and one in which the pH is gradually and homogeneously increased from 3 to 6 by hydrolysis of urea. The latter method resembles the procedure of homogeneous deposition precipitation (HDP). Characterization of the CNF support was performed by acid-base titration, TGA-MS and XPS and for the various platinum catalysts TEM, H2-chemisorption and XRF/ICP-AES were utilized. With both synthesis techniques, from diluted precursor solutions, homogeneously distributed, highly dispersed and thermally stable metal particles were obtained with an average particle size of 1-2 nm. With the HDP method for the Pt/CNF catalysts a linear relationship between the number of acidic oxygen-containing groups on the surface of activated CNF and the metal loading has been found. For the highest loaded catalyst a platinum/adsorption site ratio of 0.5 was established, corresponding to about 0.7 Pt(NH3)4 2+ molecules/nm 2 . Furthermore it has been established that with this procedure higher platinum loadings (~4 wt%) can be achieved that with the ion exchange procedure (<2 wt%). The HDP method using RuNO(NO3)3(H2O)2 also turned out to be suitable for the preparation of small (1-2 nm) uniform ruthenium particles on CNF with a high thermostability.


In this essay, a framework for distributed invasion-testing system in network circumstance is achieved by the agents which are distributed in every CPU in network. This essay describes the method that devices profile report into groups and organize them to be the structure, which contains single word and text. Through classified accumulation to find feature words that are equal to profile ones, through classified calculation to realize network invasion -test organizes and distributes the whole invasion-testing task to calculating agent reasonably and coordinate every calculation task.


The human type I interferon (IFN) receptor was characterized by ligand blotting. In this method, plasmalemma proteins or detergent‐lysed whole‐cell extracts from human Burkitt lymphoma cell lines were separated on polyacrylamide gels and subsequently transferred onto nitrocellulose sheets. Probing the blots with 3 × 10−10 M 125I‐labeled recombinant IFN‐αA (125I‐rIFN‐αA) revealed an IFN‐α‐binding protein with an apparent molecular mass of 95 kDa (p95). Performing the electrophoretic run under reducing conditions completely abrogated the signal on the blot, indicating that the type I IFN receptor contains a'disulfide bond essential for IFN binding. Optimal binding of 125I‐rIFN‐αA occurred at pH 9. The specificity of the binding reaction was established by simultaneously adding an excess of unlabeled IFN during incubation of the blots with 125I‐rIFN‐αA. The addition of either unlabeled IFN‐α or IFN‐β, but not IFN‐γ, abolished the binding of 125I‐rIFN‐αA to p95. 125I‐rIFN‐γ at 1.25 × 10−11 M bound to two proteins distinct from p95 with apparent molecular mass of 92 and 87 kDa, respectively. Saturability of 125I‐rIFN‐αA binding was demonstrated by probing a constant amount of membrane proteins with increasing amounts of 125I‐rIFN‐αA. Scatchard analysis of the binding data yielded an apparent Kd of 5.4 × 10−10 M for the immobilized type I IFN receptor. The expression of p95 on IFN‐α‐resistant and ‐sensitive cells was indistinguishable. We conclude that p95 is the IFN‐α/β receptor and that two proteins (p92 and p87) can specifically bind IFN‐γ. These results indicate that ligand blotting is a versatile method for characterization of unmodified IFN receptors and IFN‐receptor interaction and could also provide a new investigational approach for other cytokine receptor systems.


This paper explores the idea of the car as a lethal weapon, and its use by certain groups as an apparent licence to kill. It aims to show that every driver may have some tendency in this direction, while certain groups of drivers can be identified who definitely have it. These individual attitudes and behaviours are present mainly among young drivers; they seem to result at least partly from the attitudes and behaviours of society as a whole to the car. Researchers have found that the following behavioural factors contribute to young drivers' accidents: (1) social influences and interactions; (2) deliberate unsafe behaviour; (3) the 'superman' complex and 'it won't happen to me' attitude; (4) driver aggression; and (5) lack of visual hazard perception. Reasons why young drivers think and behave in this way include society's failures to: (1) train them properly in more than basic skills and effectively address their attitudes and higher skills such as hazard perception; (2) emphasise legislation and enforcement issues sufficiently; (3) avoid sending them conflicting messages; (4) assign responsibility for these problems to everyone; and (5) avoid complacency and arrogance in general attitudes to driving and safety.


Face verification is an important security step on mobile devices and many other systems, thus it has to work with high accuracy. Besides the importance of the accuracy in the face verification model, its weight and computational complexity play crucial roles especially in mobile devices. In this study, we aimed to provide novel contribution as pre-processing step for MobileFaceNet without affecting its accuracy. With this contri-bution, overall pipeline has smaller weight and faster inference time by comparison to the available pre-processing models for MobileFaceNet such as multi task cascaded convolutional neural network (MTCNN) and RetinaFace. The face verification test results show the superiority of our proposed model compared to the state-of-the-art models in terms of weight and speed.


Developed countries implemented a loose economic policy after the global crisis, which encouraged huge capital inflows into the emerging markets. After the global crisis, the Turkish banking system took advantage of such foreign capital inflows and experienced significant credit growth. This paper focuses on non-core liabilities, which are the sources of the credit growth in the Turkish banking system. It seems that the Turkish banking system has depended more on non-core liabilities since the beginning of 2011. Most of the non-core liabilities of the Turkish banking system are largely foreign exchange denominated and the average term structure of foreign exchange liabilities is relatively medium-term. Foreign exchange non-core liabilities of the Turkish banking system have been more sensitive to international liquidity shocks. Non-core liability growth and its medium-term foreign exchange structure are a warning signal for the Turkish banking system.


Henrik Ibsen's drama A Doll's House portrays the late 19th century Norway where protagonist Nora and her eventual manifestation of Feminism are almost all the time at the centre of critical attention. But Mrs. Kristina Linde is also a character of magnanimous stature with her enthusiastic sense of belonging and heart-felt services to family and society. In this manner, the human-centric role provides Linde with satisfaction that amounts to happiness, taking her ways ahead of emancipation in a world where women's emancipation from sufferings is still an unresolved issue. Notably, Linde's human-centric role gains authenticity as a true means of women's emancipation by reflecting higher knowledge which is essential for any human affair to be true and real. Thus, this paper aims at exploring how Mrs. Kristina Linde in A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen, being in her family and society and playing vital roles accordingly, derives happiness proving the truth that all women can be human-centric in family and society, and can have happiness going far ahead of emancipation changing the global scenario of women's misery. The methodology of thematic analysis was followed in this research. The research may contribute in propounding human-centric family and social life as the proper means of women's emancipation.


This report presents an experimental and computational study of two reinforced concrete beamcolumn assemblies, each comprising three columns and two beams. The two beam-column assemblies represent portions of the structural framing system of two ten-story reinforced concrete frame buildings, which were designed as part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology research program aimed at mitigating disproportionate structural collapse. One building was designed for Seismic Design Category C (SDC C) and the other for Seismic Design Category D (SDC D). The beam-column assemblies were taken from the exterior momentresisting frames of these buildings. The assembly from the SDC C building was part of an intermediate moment frame (IMF) and the assembly from the SDC D building was part of a special moment frame (SMF). The full-scale test assemblies were subjected to monotonically increasing vertical displacement of the center column to simulate a column removal scenario. The test was terminated when a collapse mechanism of each assembly was developed and the vertical load carrying capacity of the assembly was depleted. The primary test specimen response characteristics were measured. These included vertical and horizontal displacements at specific locations, rotations at beam ends, and strains in reinforcing bars at various locations. In addition, concrete surface strains were recorded by measuring the change in length between prepositioned targets at pre-selected critical zones of the beams. The failure of both the IMF and SMF assemblies was characterized by (1) crushing of concrete at the top of the beam near the center column, (2) development of major flexural cracks (deepening and widening), and (3) fracture of the bottom longitudinal beam reinforcing bars at a major crack opening near the center column. Computational analyses of the beam-column assembly tests were carried out using two levels of modeling: (1) detailed models with a large number of elements: solid elements for concrete and beam elements for both longitudinal and transverse reinforcement, and (2) reduced models with a limited number of elements: beam elements for beams and columns and rigid links connected by nonlinear rotational springs for the beam-column joints. The analyses conducted using these models provided insight into the overall behavior and failure modes of the test assemblies. Good agreement was observed between the experimental and computational results. Both detailed and reduced models were capable of capturing the primary response characteristics. The reduced models developed in this study will be valuable in the analysis of complete structural systems for assessing the reserve capacity and robustness of building structures. The analyses confirm that the ultimate loads under the column removal scenario are primarily resisted through catenary action, wherein axial tension develops in the beams. The tensile force increase is limited by the fracture strength of the tensile reinforcement of the beams.


The 4onse project (Four times Open Non-conventional system for Sensing the Environment) was born by the collaboration between SUPSI and two universities in developing countries namely the University of Moratuwa in Sri Lanka and the Institue of Space Technologies in Pakistan. The activities led to the installation of more than 30 stations in the Deduru Oya basin in Sri Lanka, following the development and testing of a prototype. The rise of technologies for Smart City and the Internet of Things (IoT) makes this project of interest to both the scientific and the private world, also considering the growing concern for environmental and climate issues.

The environmental monitoring system has been designed and developed on the wave of openness, which increasingly pervades not only scientific activity, but also the commercial sectors at different levels. Based on this philosophy, the selected hardware and software technologies have been evaluated in terms of quality, durability and sustainability and are showing very promising results. Unlike conventional systems, where the adoption of closed solutions strongly limits interoperability and data sharing, the designed solution is characterized by a high reproducibility and interoperability, guaranteed by the adoption of open software and standards for the collection and distribution of data. Such a technology can be applied and further developed for monitoring natural and non-natural environments that require low-cost sensor components with a level of quality comparable to conventional systems commonly used. This cost-effective solution is a possible alternative for the implementation of sensor networks in particular in low-income or developing countries in order to manage natural risks or water resources.

The solution consists of three different layers: hardware, server and communication layer. The hardware layer consists of a weather station based on Arduino and sensors measuring environmental variables. This kind of prototype has been validated thanks to the comparison of the time series with the data of an official weather station of the hydro-meteorological network of the Canton Ticino. The second layer is characterized by the server infrastructure that stores the measured data using the istSOS database management system (DBMS), which makes them accessible thanks to the implementation of open standards such as the Sensor Observation Service (SOS) of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). Finally, the communication layer concerns the use of GPRS for the transmission of data from the node to the server that has been optimized in terms of energy and bandwidth consumption in order to guarantee stable and fast communication.

The research project has reached the end of the activities and during this presentation the main results and outputs will be presented.


The importance of global trade in farmed seafood has been vastly overstated. The vast majority of farmed fish is consumed in the same developing countries where it is produced and is widely accessible to poorer consumers in these markets. Most of it comes from a dynamic new class of small- and medium-scale commercial farms, the existence of which is rarely recognized.


The present invention is in order to when there is disaster, during simulation large-scale crowd evacuation, calculate the Evacuation Strategies of optimum, and during this basis is to whole evacuation occur crowding phenomenon, each evacuates the crowd density situation in path, critical path artificial abortion's situation is analyzed statistics, it is achieved the generation to the optimal strategy of crowd evacuation.The present invention provides a kind of optimization method based on game theoretic large-scale crowd evacuation path, according to disaster radiation areas scope, at a distance of Safe Escape Distance, the safety measure number that best-effort path includes, degree of crowding factor carries out quantitative risk analysis, and quantitative risk analysis uses Monte Carlo model, using the Risk Results of assessment as the input parameter of the revenue function of path game, determine to evacuate the choice in path by game theory, form optimum dispersal plan.


Procedural safeguards for young people 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is the result of collaborative research and discussion involving a number of colleagues and students. I wish to specifically acknowledge Tony Hicks, his doctoral work and continuing involvement in the project. and more recently, Madeleine Tempany have provided discussion, raised questions, and worked together in collecting, analysing and interpreting a large body of data. We are particularly indebted to the creative work of Hugh Campbell of Highbrow Interactive and Andrew Vincent. Their patient interpretation of ideas and methodologies has made this research effective. It is not appropriate to mention schools and colleges by name. We contracted to protect their privacy, but we are grateful for the support and genuine interest of teachers and students. A special thanks is due to Helen Sadler of the Melbourne Catholic Education Office. She has encouraged and facilitated this work. I gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Australian Criminology Research Council, and an initial seeding grant from the University of Melbourne Research Development Scheme. While a number of people and organizations have been involved in the individual projects, and have funded the research, the views expressed in this report are mine as the author and principal investigator. They in no way reflect on the Australian Criminology Research Council.


3 Acknowledgements 4 Introduction 9 Aims and Approach of the Thesis 10 Why Childhood? 12 The Primary Texts 14 Existing Scholarship and the Contribution Made by this Thesis 23 Chapter 1: Memory, Literature and Childhood: Theoretical Considerations 31 Theories of Collective and Cultural Memory 32 Literature and Memory 39 Childhood, Memory and Literature 46 Conclusion 56 Chapter 2: German and Russian Memory Cultures 59 Remembering the Socialist Past 60 Remembering the East German Past 71 Transitional Justice 74 State-sponsored Memory, History and Public Debate 78 Eastern German Identity after the Fall of the Wall 82 Ostalgie 89 The German Literary Context after the Fall of the Wall 95 Post-Unification Literary Representation of the GDR and East German Experience 99 Conclusion 109 Remembering the Soviet Past 110 Glasnost 111 Transitional Justice and the Political Use of Memory 114 Nostalgia and Selective Forgetting 120 The Post-Soviet Russian Literary Context 134 Representations of the Soviet Past in Post-Soviet Russian Literature 137 Memoirs and Fictional Narratives of Everyday Soviet Experience 141 Conclusion 149


within a transcendental system like Fichte's, but it is not at all clea r that this is an argument that Fichte himself would have accepted. In fact, the textual evidence which Renaut is able to marshall for the latter contention is rather meagre, and one finishes his book with a nagging question: I f the Grundlage des Naturrechts really does occupy the central place within the entire Wissenschaftslehre that Renaut claims, then why did Fichte himself (who, throughout his Jena period, tried over and over again to explain his system to the general public) fail to emphasize this point more clearly and unambiguously? Why has it taken almost ~oo years for us to discover what Fichte was trying to say? Finally, as should be apparent from the above, Renaut is no mere interpreter of Fichte's Rechtslehre; he is an unabashed exponent of the same. He intends his book to be something more than a contribution to "Fichte studies," and thus he often turns from commentary on Fichte's texts to contemporary debates over social theory and politics, in an attempt to show the relevance o f the former to the latter. Rather than detracting from its more purely academic merits, this gives Le syst#me de clroit an urgency which is quite extraordinary. Nor does Renaut overemphasize this portion of his thesis: He never pretends to have demonstrated the correctness of Fichte's approach to social, legal, and political philosophy nor to have refuted all the alternative approaches. Instead, he simply attempts to persuade the reader that Fichte's writings of the 179os do indeed offer a quite novel approach to certain questions which are still of great concern to us (for example: what are "human rights"?)--an approach which has been almost entirely neglected until now and which is, moreover, not entirely without promise for the future. DANIEL BREAZEALE University of Kentucky


It would be convenient to have a single axiomatic system within which all mathematical conjectures could be rigorously settled. Kurt Gbdel's remarkable Incompleteness Theorem seems to indicate, however, that such a system is impossible. Moreover, the effect of this limitation on Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (the nearest thing we have to a universal axiomatic system) is being felt increasingly by those who work, not just in the foundations, but in the mainstream of mathematics. A goal of this article is to provide a proof of Gbdel's Theorem which has sufficient depth to permit a healthy understanding and yet which has as few technicalities as possible. In studying Godel's Theorem, it is natural to search for a loophole in the hypothesis which would permit the quest for a universal axiomatic system to be revived; a second goal of this article is to present the hypothesis in such a general way that no loophole seems to exist. Let us begin with the following intuitive statement of the theorem.


Impaired functions of PFMs negatively impact quality of life. PFM injury during childbirth is a key risk factor for subsequent pelvic floor disorders that affect millions of women worldwide. It is well established that MuSC, FAPs, and immune cells are critical for a tightly orchestrated regeneration events, little research has focused on the PFM regeneration. In this study, Sesillo et al investigated the role of MuSC, FAPs, and immune cells in PFM regeneration after SBI injury. Please address the following comments.


The main motivation of the thesis is the so-called F-inverse cover
problem. It asks whether every finite inverse monoid is a homomorphic image of a finite F-inverse monoid. The problem was originally formulated by Henckell and Rhodes, and a positive answer would have solved an important conjecture connected to the complexity theory of finite semigroups. The latter conjecture has been since proven [2], but the F-inverse cover problem has remained open. Significant progress has been made by Auinger and Szendrei in, where they have shown the F-inverse cover problem to be equivalent to
a condition formulated by means of graphs and group varieties only. In the first part of the thesis, I investigate this condition, and establish that, if fixing the group variety, the graphs for which the condition is satisfied can be described using excluding minors. With this approach, as a main result, I give a full description of the graphs and group varieties satisfying it in the special case when the variety is Abelian.

As far as the originally proposed problem goes, these results of do not say much. However, they motivated the following problem: describe inverse monoids S which have an F-
inverse cover F such that F/\sigma is an extension of an Abelian group by S/\sigma - this we
refer to as F being an F-inverse cover via the variety of Abelian groups. The results in my thesis and those of Auinger and Szendrei combined characterize such inverse monoids which are also Margolis-Meakin expansions.

In Chapter 4 of the thesis, I generalize the framework introduced by Auinger and Szendrei so that it "works" for a much larger class of inverse monoids called finite-above E-unitary. In this framework, we obtain a
sufficient condition for an E-unitary finite-above inverse monoid not to have an F-inverse cover via the variety of Abelian groups, formulated by means of the natural partial order and the least group congruence.


This paper describes an automated wireless structural monitoring system installed at the New Carquinez Bridge (NCB). The designed system utilizes a dense network of wireless sensors installed in the bridge but remotely controlled by a hierarchically designed cyber‐environment. The early efforts have included performance verification of a dense network of wireless sensors installed on the bridge and the establishment of a cellular gateway to the system for remote access from the internet. Acceleration of the main bridge span was the primary focus of the initial field deployment of the wireless monitoring system. An additional focus of the study is on ensuring wireless sensors can survive for long periods without human intervention. Toward this end, the life‐expectancy of the wireless sensors has been enhanced by embedding efficient power management schemes in the sensors while integrating solar panels for power harvesting. The dynamic characteristics of the NCB under daily traffic and wind loads were extra...


The avian eye color, generally referred to the color of the bird's iris, results from both pigments and structural coloration. Avian iris colors exhibit striking interspecies variations that may reflect unique evolutionary history and ecological adaption in different taxa. With a wide range of intraspecific iris color polymorphism, the domestic pigeon (Columba livia) thus serves as an excellent model for elucidating the largely unknown genetic mechanism underlying the evolution of eye color in birds. Here we tackled the genetics of the pearl (white) iris color, a recessive trait characterized by an absence of yellow pigment (pteridine) in pigeons' eyes. Using a genome wide association study (GWAS) on 49 wild-type and 43 pearl-eyed pigeons, we identified a 9 kb genomic region associated with the pearl iris, within which only one gene SLC2A11B was located. A nonsense mutation W49X in SLC2A11B was further identified as the causal variant leading to the pearl iris color. SLC2A11B encodes a facilitative glucose transporter and is known to be involved in xanthophore and leucophore differentiation in fishes. Transcriptome analysis suggested that loss-of-function of SLC2A11B affected the differentiation of the xanthophore-like pigment cell in pigeon irises by downregulating CSF1R, and turned off the biosynthesis of pteridine by inhibiting GCH1. Coalescence and evolutionary analyses of SLC2A11B indicated the pearl iris mutation was originated about 5,400 years ago in congruence with the time of pigeon domestication, and signal of positive selection was detected likely associated with artificial selective breeding. A fixed frameshift mutation in SLC2A11B was also found in cormorant species corresponding to their signature blue eyes. This study provided new insight into the mechanism of avian iris color variations and shed light on the evolution of pigment cells in vertebrates.


Since the discovery of the anomalous component of cosmic rays (ACR), more detailed information on the composition and intensity variations over solar cycles have been accumulated and studied. As the two Voyagers approach the solar-wind termination shock, anticipation of a decisive test on the theory of transport and acceleration of ACR heightens. The fact that all existing ACR measurements have been in situ, i.e. by directly detecting the modulated particles along specific trajectories of ACR-measuring spacecraft; that ACR is an important link in our understanding of our plasma environment; and that the opportunity to explore the outer edges of the heliosphere will not be readily available; all suggest that the means to survey the global distribution of ACR should be examined and implemented. Since the use of detecting energetic neutral atoms (ENA) as a means to study ACR at and beyond the termination shock was first proposed, the idea has gained acceptance and the techniques for detecting ENA have mature...


Arguing from Foucault's theory of the "disappearing author, "Faye C. Fei claims that Chinese playwrights do not place individualistic signatures on their work, a phenomenon particularly noticeable in plays dealing with China's foreign relations of the 1949-1976 period. She investigates the anti-imperialist huaju drama of that era, during which the outside world was perceived according to Maoist doctrine as the enemy and foreigners were considered "devils. " Faye C. Fei holds her Ph.D. from the City University of New York and presently teaches at Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota. She and her husband, William H. Sun, are the coauthors of China Dream, discussed by Bettina Entell in "China Dream: A Chinese Spoken Drama" (ATJ 11/2). Dr. Fei has just completed a book, Chinese Theories of the Theatre and Performance.


An imidazopyridine-based compound is provided to show high electron transporting capability. An organic light emitting diode including an organic layer having the imidazopyridine-based compound is provided to show low driving voltages, high current densities, high luminance, high efficiencies and long life-times. An imidazopyridine-based compound is represented by a formula(1), wherein each R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11 and R12 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, substituted and unsubstituted C1-30 alkyl, substituted and unsubstituted C1-30 alkoxy, substituted and unsubstituted C1-30 acyl, substituted and unsubstituted C2-30 alkenyl, substituted and unsubstituted C2-30 alkynyl, substituted and unsubstituted C6-30 aryl, and substituted and unsubstituted C3-30 heteroaryl; at least two of R4, R5, R6 and R7 form a saturated or unsaturated ring; at least two of R9, R10, R11 and R12 form a saturated or unsaturated ring; each L1 and L2 is independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, substituted and unsubstituted C1-30 alkylene, substituted and unsubstituted C6-30 arylene, and substituted and unsubstituted C3-30 heteroarylene; each Ar1 and Ar2 is independently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted C6-30 aryl, and substituted and unsubstituted C3-30 heteroaryl; each p and q is independently an integer ranging from 1 to 5; and each m and n is independently an integer ranging from 0 to 4, wherein both m and n are not 0. An organic light emitting diode(OLED) comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer between the first and second electrodes, the organic layer comprising the compound of the formula(1). The organic light emitting diode further comprises a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emissive layer and an electron injection layer between the first and second electrodes.


Objective To investigate the distribution and in vitro susceptibility of intra-abdominal causing pathogens from 14 teaching hospitals of different regions between Oct.2006 and Oct.2007.Methods Isolates were collected from 14 hospitals and reidentificated in central labortory.MIC of 29 antimicrobial agents were determined by agar dilution method.Data were analyzed by WHONET5.4 software.Results Seven hundred and forty-two intra-abdominal infection cases were collected and 743 isolates were acquired.Among them, 76.7%(570/743) were gram-negative and 23.3%(73/743) were gram-positive.The top five species included Es-cherichia coli(38.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae(10.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(9.2%), Enterococcus faecium(8.2%) and Staphylococcus aureus(4.4%).Against Enterobacteriaceae, antimicrobial agents with more than 90% susceptibility included meropenem, imipenem, tigecycline, amikacin and piperacillin-tazobactam.Against ES-BLs-producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae isolates, antimicrobial agents with more than 90% susceptibility included meropenem(100%), imipenem(100%), tigecycline(100%) and piperacillin-tazobactam(91.5%-91.7%).The percentage of multidrug-resistant isolates in P.aeruginosa was 14.71%, while as this value was 61.29% in A.bau-mannii.The percentage ofMRSA in Staphylococcus aureus was 69.7% and all isolates were susceptible to tigecycline, vancomycin and teicoplanin.All E.faecalis and E.faecium isolates were susceptible to tigecycline.Antimic-tobial agents with high susceptibility included vancomycin(100%), teicoplanin(100%), ampicillin(81.5%) against E.faecalis and vancomycin, teicoplanin(96.7%) against E.faecium.Conclusions The main intra-abdominal causing pathogens are gram-negative bacilli, especially enterobacteriaceae.Tigecycline, carbapenem, piperacillin-tazobactam and amikacin remain relatively high activity against Enterobacteriaceae.The resistance situation ofnon-fermentingpathogens is a worryingproblem.Tigecycline, vancomycin and teicoplanin remain high activity against gram-positivecocci.


Several two phase annealing heat treatments have been performed on a Nb and Mo microalloyed low carbon steel. Continuous intercritical annealing followed by water quenching produces a coarse ferrite-martensite structure that has the highest tensile strength of all heat treatments utilized. The high strength arises from a combination of the dispersion hardening which occurs in ferrite and the presence of martensite. It is concluded that the ferrite forming elements Nb and Mo do not benefit hardenability in this steel for dual phase heat treatment, in thicknesses


This article mainly introduces the present status of pilot plants in Chinese large steel works.Moreover,it indicates that establishing pilot plant is an important means of sustainable development for the domestic steel works.