The essay investigates the role that 'good faith' plays in the Western and Arabo-Islamic legal traditions. Through examples taken from the law of obligations, contract law and property law, the paper analyzes theories and policies underlying Western and Arabo-Islamic rules. The comparative survey unveils interpretive contents and technical dimensions that inform the legal uses of the good faith, and thereby sheds light on what is common, and what is different, between the Western and Arabo-Islamic approaches to the issues debated under this heading.


Introduction. The issue of pregnant women's dental care is broadly discussed in literature. Research shows poor oral health among expectant mothers and a low level of their awareness in this regard. Low availability of preventive actions and insufficient information in this field from medical staff were both confirmed by the results of a questionnaire research amid these women. Aim of the study. To characterize the main dental issues and to evaluate knowledge concerning dental prophylaxis of pregnant women from the Małopolskie province. Materials and methods. A questionnaire study was conducted among 132 women from Cracow and its surroundings. Questions concerned oral hygiene habits, dental problems and possibilities of dental treatment during pregnancy, sources of information in this field. Results were statistically analysed with Statistica v.10.0, using the chi-squared test. The statistical point of significance was set at p<0.05. Results. Women who live in the city, as compared to those living in smaller locations, have a much easier access to campaigns informing about oral health during the pregnancy period. Internet websites were the main source of knowledge (66.7% of respondents), whereas childbirth classes took the last place (3.8% of surveyed women). A relationship between the education of the surveyed women and the level of their dental awareness was demonstrated. More than a half of the respondents (61.4%) claim there is no influence of parent's oral health on their progeny. Moreover, multiparous women exhibited a far better


One of the main factors in the formulation and control of water-in-oil emulsion is the development of desirable solid-to-liquid ratios, achieved by hydrogenation and blending. Formulation of water-in-oil emulsion with bioactive compound could provide additional value and stability to the emulsion for food application for example in margarine. The objectives of this study were to formulate water-in-oil emulsions i.e. margarine containing bioactive compound (anthocyanins) extracted from red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) and to study the storage and stability characteristics of the emulsions. The anthocyanins were extracted using hot water extraction method at 60°C with three replications, and encapsulation of anthocyanins was performed using microwave technique to study the dispersion and stability of anthocyanins in the emulsions. In this study, water-in-oil emulsions were formulated with three different oil-to-aqueous ratios (75:25, 80:20 and 85:15) at 60°C for 15 minutes during blending and at 0°C for 30 minutes during crystallization process. The stability of the formulated emulsion was determined by using Solid Fat Content analysis, thermal and phase stability analysis. Total concentration of anthocyanin extracted from red cabbage was 152.33±2.0 mg/L. After 14 days of storage, the emulsion stability was achieved at oil-to-aqueous ratio of 85:15 and with addition of encapsulated anthocyanins. This formulation produced stable emulsion with high melting completion temperature and low onset crystallization temperature.


The preparation in situ of a silver-silver chloride reference electrode includes anodic-cathodic pretreatment of a silver electrode in a phosphate buffer solution comprising 0.1 M sodium chloride. At pH 7.0 and 25°C and with optimally pretreated electrodes, the potential of the Ag/AgCl electrode was 45.0 mV (vs. SCE) with a reproducibility of 0.2%. In a period of 30 seconds following a delay of 2 to 10 seconds, the electrode shows a very stable potential that changes only 0.2 to 0.3%. The electrode potential changes 0.3 mV/°C. The electrode shows nernstian dependence of the potential to the sodium chloride concentration. At the physiological level, the only electrochemically active compound that significantly influences the potential of the electrode is reduced glutathione. Paracetamol (0.2 mM) and uric acid (0.27 mM) after slightly the electrode potential. The electrode parameters in plasma are close to those of phosphate buffer solution, whereas in artificial blood, the reproducibility and the stability of the potential decrease. The reproducibility and stability of the electrode potential in capillary blood was 1.4 and 3.7%, respectively.


A rare case of a penetrating injury extending from the hard palate to the pituitary gland is reported. A 9-month-old infant was referred to our hospital because of a chopstick stuck in his mouth. He had severe oral and nasal bleeding after we removed it and was given a blood transfusion. CT examination revealed circular low-density areas in the subarachnoid cistern.α-Streptococcus was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. Antibiotics were given, and he was discharged on the 18th day with no complications.


The purpose of this study was to examine the chemical properties, antioxidant activities, and sensory test of a two-stage fermented vinegar produced from three Sapindaceae families, namely Lychee (Litchi chinensis), which divided into four cultivars (Chakraphat, Hong-Huay, Thai-Cho, and Ohia). Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) and Longan (Dimocarpus longan). Alcoholic fermentation was produced using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and acetous fermentation was produced using Acetobacter pasteurianus. In the samples during the alcoholic fermentation, the glucose and fructose contents decreased continuously and the contents of alcohol increased at the end of the fermentation process. The result showed the lychee wine produced from Ohia cultivar exhibited the highest content of alcohol (12.34±0.09% (v/v)) and exhibited the highest content of acetic acid in the acetous fermentation (3.79±0.00% (v/v)), while Longan exhibited the highest content of the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (87.33±0.00mg/mL and 52.54±0.57mg/L). The 9-point hedonic scale showed that the drinking vinegar produced from Rambutan exhibited the highest overall acceptability (7.70±1.62), which indicated the very much pleasant level of the vinegar preference of the consumers.


The invention relates to the field of drilling fluids, and discloses a preparation method of a water-based tackifying and shear strength improving agent for drilling fluids. The method comprises the following steps: 1, dissolving an anionic monomer, a nonionic monomer and a cationic monomer in water under stirring, and mixing; 2, adjusting the pH value of a mixed solution obtained in step 1 to 5-10, and continuously stirring; and 3, adding an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent and an azo initiator into a mixture obtained in step 2, and reacting under stirring. The water-based tackifying and shear strength improving agent for drilling fluids has the advantages of excellent tackifying and shear strength improving performances, excellent temperature resistance and excellent system applicability, and the excellent tackifying and shear strength improving performances of the agent allow a drilling fluid system to have a high dynamic plastic ratio, the drilling fluid flow pattern to be well optimized, the dynamic shear force of the system to be improved and the cuttings carrying ability of the system to be enhanced.


The ATLAS detector at the LHC is a general purpose experiment for studying p + p collisions at TeV energies. This talk presents early ATLAS physics measurements, based on O(10 nb−1) of data from the first half year of LHC running. Topics include minimum bias and soft QCD physics, W and Z observation, and various measurements of detector performance.


IN HIS LEITER TO ROBERT BRIDGES, dated October 18, 1882, Gerard Manley Hopkins confesses that though "I cannot have read more than a half dozen pieces at most" of Whitman's poetry "I may as well say what I should not otherwise have said, that I always knew in my heart Walt Whitman's mind to be more like my own than any man's living. As he is a very great scoundrel this is not a pleasant confession. And this makes me the more desirous to read him and the more determined that I will not.,,1 This is an extraordinary admission and one fraught with anxiety. It is, first of all, a difficult and painful admission; "I should not otherwise' have said." It comes from Hopkins's depths and has been, hitherto, a secret; "I always knew in my heart." To admit this affinity is like revealing a sin to a confessor; "this is not a pleasant confession." This deep, hidden affinity is seductive and a source of pleasure; "this makes me the more desirous to read him." An earlier reference to Whitman (January 29, 1879) is less colored with the connotations of wrongdoing and confession. "All the world, so to speak, approves of charity and the corporal works of mercy, though all the world does not practise what it approves of. Even Walt Whitman nurses the sick.,,2 Here, however, the word even suggests it is surprising that a "scoundrel" like Whitman would perform "the corporal works of mercy." This reference demonstrates that Hopkins was familiar with Whitman's "Wound-Dresser" from Drum-Taps (1865) and the fourth edition of Leaves of Grass (1867). In this essay, I am not primarily arguing influence, though on the other hand I'm not denying the strong likelihood of Whitman's influence on Hopkins. What I shall be arguing is more interesting and more significant. I am arguing that Whitman and Hopkins are among the first English language poets to represent and dramatize a first person lyric voice or persona that is foregrounded in their poems as someone who is not primarily a poet but someone engaged in ordinary labor. In the poems I shall consider, the utterance is not constructed or presented as that of a poet, but instead as the utterance of a wound-dresser or nurse in Whitman or as the utterance of a working priest in Hopkins. What is unusual about these poems in which the poet is creating the illusion that he himself is speaking, poems in which the poet appears to be imitating himself, is that the poet-speaker is dramatized as performing a specific


The aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of the content of school textbooks Persian base with the content selection criteria, based on the primary school teachers' point of view is the city of Iranshahr. This study is among the important descriptive studies, and type survey. The study sample, all second grade primary school teachers were Iranshahr city, that number was 210. Based on the table, starting with random krejcie and Morgan are among the population, 136 individuals were selected as sample. Tools for data collection, the researcher made questionnaire (to measure the appropriateness of content) is. Its validity was confirmed by experts in curriculum and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach 87.0. Data spss software and statistical tests (t single group, t test) were analyzed. The findings showed that the content of the base of the second Persian school characteristics and needs of learners fit.


Imagine that a budding composer suffers from writer's block partway through devising a melody. A system called FreshJam is demonstrated, which offers a solution to this problem in the form of an interactive composition assistant; an algorithm that analyzes the notes composed so far, makes a comparison with an indexed corpus of existing music, and suggests a possible next note by choosing randomly among continuations of matched melody fragments. We provide a demonstration of FreshJam as an aid in stylistic composition, and of its potential to be more iterative than existing composition assistants such as PG Music's Band in a Box or Microsoft's Songsmith. There are many algorithms that, with one button click, generate entire melodies or passages of music in the style of another composer or period (Conklin and Witten 1995; Cope 2005; Pearce and Wiggins 2007). These one-click algorithms can be used to test theories of musical style, but are of little honest use to students of stylistic composition. This seems unfortunate, as some of the algorithms work by generating one note/chord at a time, and so are eminently suited to form the basis of a system for interactive music composition. Below we describe such a system, called FreshJam, in which users are able to request continuations to melodic fragments in a specific style. Compared with other models for compositional continuation (Cope 1997; Maxwell et al. 2012), the principles behind FreshJam are simple and few, and there is an argument for considering and evaluating simpler models before developing more complex alternatives. The term FreshJam refers to the piano-roll, web-based interface in which users compose a melody, and the term com


brooding adult, but the nest contents could not be seen. Black-crowned Night Herons Nycticorax nycticorax were also nesting all around. On 22 October 2005 (08h30– 11h00), c.50–60 Little Egrets were observed, of which 19 were sitting on nests and 5 were seen building nests. One Little Egret was observed adding materials to a nest that had only recently been vacated by Black-crowned Night Herons (fledgling night herons were observed in the same nest on the previous visit), and two pairs were observed mating on their nests. Three nests were examined, two of which contained two eggs each, and one contained three eggs. According to Hancock and Kushlan (1984), three eggs is typical in tropical areas (five is the usual number in temperate zones and sometimes as many as eight are found). No chicks were observed. All Little Egrets were in breeding plumage, having plumes on their heads, backs and neck and with the characteristic yellow feet of the subspecies E. g. garzetta. On 26 March 2006 c.40 Little Egrets were observed, including c.10 juveniles. Sixteen active nests at various stages were observed, some with eggs, some with juveniles. One adult was observed feeding three juveniles.


Obsessions are unwanted, intrusive, recurrent, and persistent ideas, thoughts, images, or impulses that cause intense anxiety and are recognized as self-generated. The word obsession derives from the Latin word obsidere, which means being occupied, preoccupied, or taken into possession. In his General psychopathology, Karl Jaspers identified essential characteristics of obsessional symptoms, including a nonsensical and absurd quality, compelling force of thoughts, the belief that thoughts can influence events, need for order, and unacceptable impulses. Later, ego-dystonia and insight were identified as core features of obsessions, crucial for differential diagnosis between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), obsessivecompulsive personality disorder (OCPD), and psychotic disorders. Ego-dystonia reflects the conflict (or disharmony) between an idea, a thought, an impulse, an image, or an act and the subject and/or the subject's self-image. Insight is the extent of knowledge that one has about one's own thoughts and acts. During 2014, we followed 76 patients with OCD, four of whom had a comorbid psychotic disorder, in our obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders clinic at Hospital de Braga (Braga, Portugal). We analyzed patient files, collected information on OCD severity, and categorized obsessions and compulsions by their ''plausibility'' or ''bizarreness.'' Apart any absurd quality, an obsession was considered plausible if there was a chance (even if remote) of it actually occurring; e.g., the obsession that someone will die if the patient does not say a specific word is absurd, but the feared consequence (the death of another) is possible, plausible, and understandable. An obsession was considered bizarre if it was implausible, not understandable, and not derived from ordinary life experiences; e.g., the obsession that one could be trapped inside a bottle if it were closed while one's eyes were open is a bizarre thought that cannot happen. Our analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences in age, gender, or OCD severity, as assessed by Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), between patients with OCD without and with comorbid psychosis (Table 1). Interestingly, we found that the only patients with implausible and/or bizarre obsessions were those with comorbid psychosis. This observation pointed out ''plausibility'' as a putative core feature of typical OCD obsessions. Despite anecdotal case reports of bizarre obsessions in the context of OCD, increasing evidence on the high prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and comorbid OCD in patients with schizophrenic disorders points to the possibility of an undiagnosed comorbid psychosis in those patients. More studies on this topic are needed, but taking this feature into account in the conceptualization of obsessions could help professionals in the differential diagnosis between OCD and psychosis, especially in the early stages of psychosis.


The triple helix collaboration among universities, industries and governments resulting in the efficient creation of innovation h as gained lofty scholarly attention in recent times. This institutional interdependence creates win-win outcomes leading to improved firms competitiveness, human capital de velopment and general economic development. The rapid implementation of knowle dge and outcomes of academic research emanating from universities and other public research organizations are crucial for firm's competitiveness so firms are increasingly getting closer to the sources of knowledge and innovation. We examine d the factors that influence firm's cooperation with universities and government research entities in the Czech Republic and Slovakia by using data from the 2010 – 2 12 Community Innovation Survey and the logistic regression models. The resu lts of our analysis have demonstrated that both Czech and Slovak firms perceive t heir cooperation with universities as essential and beneficial for their innovative pe rformance. Additionally, Slovak and Czech firms are self-sufficient and can provide basic input factors and capital goods necessary for their production hence they do not cooperate in this regard.


Apart from their applications to almost all sectors of the human activity, fuzzy mathematics is also importantly developed on a theoretical basis providing useful links even to classical branches of pure mathematics, like Algebra, Analysis, Geometry, Topology, etc. The present paper comes across the steps that enabled the extension of the concept of topological space, the most general category of mathematical spaces, to fuzzy structures. Fuzzy and soft topological spaces are introduced in particular, the fundamental concepts of limits, continuity, compactness and Hausdorff space are defined on them and examples are provided illustrating them.


Results are presented from 61 years of optical observations of the Seyfert galaxy 3C 120. A previously published model of the 3C 120 light curve, derived from power spectrum analysis, is found to be valid for historical as well as current data. It is concluded that the optical variations of 3C 120 can be separated into a linear component, a sinusoidal component, and rapid, high-amplitude flares. Possible sources of the regular variations observed in 3C 120 are also suggested in the context of accretion models and other theoretical models. 15 refs.


Here we present two different experimental techniques to generate atomic clouds in different density regimes that could be used as a tool to study Rydberg systems in different scenarios. As an example, we discuss an experiment in which the dynamics of Rydberg excitations were studied both in the few atom regime and in the high density regime.


Forest fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan resulted in degradation of peatlands significantly. The strong indicator of forest and land fires including in peatland can be identified using hotspots which occurred consecutively in 2 to 5 days. The previous studies have been conducted in mining sequence patterns on hotspot datasets in Sumatra and Kalimantan. However, those studies applied the sequential pattern algorithms on the datasets containing temporal and rough spatial features. This study aims to generate sequence pattern of hotspot datasets using the SPADE algorithm with the improvement of the spatial feature. The study results in 892 1-frequent sequences and 28 2-frequent sequence patterns at the minimum support of 0.02%. A total of 484 hotspots were found from the 28 2-frequents sequence patterns, most of which were occurred in September to November 2014 and 2015. Central Kalimantan, Riau, and South Sumatra are the area where hotspots mostly occurred in 2014 and 2015. The visualization module for hotspot sequences was successfully developed in two iterations using the JavaScript.


The mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum L.), long used in folk medicine, was studied to seek more information about its characteristics and potentialities. The plant and its distribution, site soils, and botany are described. Efforts to germinate seed were unsuccessful. Some notes on chemical properties and biological action.


Within the rate-independent crystal plasticity framework, a constitutive model was constructed to describe the uniaxial tension of polycrystalline titanium alloy at ambient temperature by considering crystallographic slip as the main deformation mechanism. The three-dimensional(3D) Voronoi tessellation(VT) geometric model was used to create the polycrystalline aggregates for initial microstructure. Based on the model, the effects of polycrystalline aggregate features on the macroscopic mechanical responses were discussed. Results show that the size differences of the three directions in polycrystalline aggregates will lead to the anisotropies of the stress-strain responses in the three directions, wherein the necking phenomenon appears in the long length direction. Besides, it is found that the grain morphology and orientation have significant influences on stress-strain responses as well. The proposed model for single phase titanium alloy provides important informations for the microstructure controlling and the optimization of process parameters.


Ferroelectric bismuth ferrite is an attractive candidate for switchable devices. The effect of dipole pinning due to the oxygen vacancy layer on the switching behavior of the BiFeO3 thin film fabricated by the chemical solution deposition method was studied after annealing under air, O2, and N2 environment. The air annealed film showed well defined and dense grains leading to a lower leakage current and superior electrical properties compared to the other two films. The photovoltage and transient photocurrent measured under positive and negative poling elucidated the switching nature of the films. Though the air and O2 annealed films showed a switchable photovoltaic response, the response was severely affected by oxygen vacancies in the N2 annealed film. In addition, the open circuit voltage was found to be mostly dependent on the polarization of BiFeO3 rather than the Schottky barriers at the interface. This work provides an important insight into the effect of dipole pinning caused by oxygen vacancies on the switchable photovoltaic effect of BiFeO3 thin films along with the importance of stoichiometric, defect free, and phase pure samples to facilitate meaningful practical applications.Ferroelectric bismuth ferrite is an attractive candidate for switchable devices. The effect of dipole pinning due to the oxygen vacancy layer on the switching behavior of the BiFeO3 thin film fabricated by the chemical solution deposition method was studied after annealing under air, O2, and N2 environment. The air annealed film showed well defined and dense grains leading to a lower leakage current and superior electrical properties compared to the other two films. The photovoltage and transient photocurrent measured under positive and negative poling elucidated the switching nature of the films. Though the air and O2 annealed films showed a switchable photovoltaic response, the response was severely affected by oxygen vacancies in the N2 annealed film. In addition, the open circuit voltage was found to be mostly dependent on the polarization of BiFeO3 rather than the Schottky barriers at the interface. This work provides an important insight into the effect of dipole pinning caused by oxygen vacancies o...


The transverse momentum distributions of W ± and Z 0 are predicted at RHIC and LHC. A resummation formalism with power corrections to the renormalization group equations is used. Shadowing effects are discussed and found to be unimportant at RHIC, but important for LHC. We study the enhancement of power corrections due to multiple scattering in nuclear collisions and numerically illustrate the weak effects of the dependence on the nuclear mass.


Abstract The present study investigates the interplay between proficiency and empathy in the development of second language (L2) prosody by analyzing the perception and processing of intonation in questions and statements in L2 Spanish. A total of 225 adult L2 Spanish learners (L1 English) from the Northeastern United States completed a two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) task in which they listened to four utterance types and categorized them as either questions or statements. We used Bayesian multilevel regression and drift diffusion modeling to analyze the 2AFC data as a function of proficiency level and empathy scores for each utterance type. We show that learner response accuracy and sensitivity to intonation are positively correlated with proficiency, and this association is affected by individual empathy levels in both response accuracy and sentence processing. Higher empathic individuals, in comparison with lower empathic individuals, appear to be more sensitive to intonation cues in the process of forming sound-meaning associations, though increased sensitivity does not necessarily imply increased processing speed. The results motivate the inclusion of measures of pragmatic skill, such as empathy, to better account for intonational meaning processing and sentence comprehension in second language acquisition.


With the increasingly development of the international communication,academic writing plays an important role in the international academic communication.At the same time,the English abstract get more and more attentions.With the related linguistic theory,this paper analyzes the content element and language characteristics of the 25 English abstracts.We hope that this study may give some practical help for abstract writing.


Modeling inhibition of lead on E.coli growth rate in soil and water environment in homogeneous unconfined aquifer has been developed. The models were derived through formulated governing equations, the expressions were derived in phases, and this is to monitor the system by considering all the parameters that influence the exponential phase of E.coli in soil and water environments. The formation under study is predominantly homogeneous deposition, the stratification in deltaic environment developed unconfined formation. This significant condition was considered in the system when the governing equation was formulated, the equation was derived and it developed model in accordance with behaviour of the microbes and other formation variables. Few model developed were integrated together, thus final expressed model was generated, the model expressed all the parameters based on the behaviour of the microbes at different formations. The expressed model will definitely monitor the migration of E.coli in unconfined aquifer, experts will find the model valuable because it shows that the concentration of microbial deposition in ground water aquifers are in exponential state, but can only experience degradation if there is no substrate deposition, thus, if there is high deposition of inhibitors in the study area. Copyright © IJESTR, all rights reserved.


The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) rose more than 100% in the last decade, making it the second fastest growing cancer rate in the country.' In an attempt to explain this, two epidemiologists, Drs. Frank and Cedric Garland, have made some controversial suggestions that sunscreens may be playing a role.^ Their hypothesis is that the correlation between the growth of CMM incidence and the introduction and increased use of sunscreens may indicate possible CMM induction by sunscreens. The Carlands' work on low serum vitamin D levels and increased cancer risk '̂'* led them to speculate that inhibition of vitamin D production, combined with intense exposure to ultraviolet A radiation (UVA), both of which are incident to sunscreen use,̂ '*" places persons at greater risk for CMM. Not surprisingly, the suggestion that sunscreens play a role in the induction of malignancy has come under harsh criticism from many dermatologists and photobiologists.^ Without arguing the validity of the Garlands' views or accepting the belief that sunscreens may play a role in inducing skin cancer, there are some interesting points to consider, in particular, the lack of complete protection from UVA offered by existing sunscreens and the phenomenon of UVA possibly photoaugmentation contributing to sun damage. An examination of the actual protection provided by "broad spectrum" sunscreen formulations on the market suggests that current labeling claims may be giving the consumer a false sense of security. of ultraviolet light. The first sunscreen agent employed in the United States, in the late 1930s, was homomenthyl salicylate, a UVB absorbing compound.' Most product development since has focused on protection against UVB.̂ Until recently, the basic goal of sunscreen formulation was to protect against damaging UVB rays, while transmitting the tanning UVA rays, however, substantial evidence has accumulated that UVA also has deleterious effects, indicating a need to screen against these rays as well.'' In the United States, many sunscreen formulations claim UVA protection, but in fact none of them block all UVA rays.''''^'^ Figure 1 shows the absorbance spectrum of a commercially available sunscreen preparation, containing 7% (0.25 M) octyl dimethyl-PABA, 5% (0.20 M) octyl salicylate, and 3% (0.13 M) oxybenzone, which would give an SPF of 15 or higher depending on the base used."' The curve depicts the percentage of radiation absorbed by a 0.02 mm thick layer of the product, a thickness recommended by the FDA to be applied to the skin for SPF testing and sunscreen use."* Absorption of incident UVA radiation declines to 50% at 360 nm, and falls to near 0% just beyond 370 nm so that nearly half of the UVA range is ineffectively screened. Oxybenzone is often touted to be a UVA blocking sunscreen, but analysis of oxybenzone's absorption spectrum (Fig. 2) indicates that it does not absorb above 360 nm. Thus many products employing oxybenzone as a UVA filter fail to protect against the longer wavelengths of the UVA range.


Graphene attracted to the researcher with huge attention due to their unique physicochemical properties including high specific surface area and high-speed electron mobility at room temperature. The graphene with several layers was synthesized through liquid phase exfoliation method using high shear force of the magnetic stirrer. This process was performed about 6 hour on the graphite powder and dimethyl-formamide solvent of 0.25 M, 0.5 M and 1 M concentration solution following the microwave treatment for 30 second and sonication for 2 hour at room temperature. The drop-casted exfoliated graphene into glass substrate had G peak and 2D peak. The graphene from 1M concentration had the better quality as compared to the graphene obtained from 0.25M and 0.5M concentration solution. The fabricated gas sensor device with two contact electrodes using exfoliated graphene as a channel material produced the different current (I)–voltage (V) characteristics. The current vs. voltage of bare graphene film without filling of waste harmful gases had the current shifted from 0 mA to 0.0652 mA when the maximum voltage was applied. The current increased nearly from 0.0652 mA to 0.2391 mA after harmful waste gases adjustment at maximum applied voltage. The current through few layers graphene channel after harmful gases filled was found 3.6 times higher than that of the current through the graphene channel without harmful waste gases. This result was due to the adsorption/absorption and interaction of more quantity of harmful waste gases by the exfoliated graphene. So, the device showing some current variation informed that the graphene gas sensor was sensitive to waste gases produced from home kitchen and its surrounding.


Trivers and Willard (1973) suggested that when the variance in reproductive success of one sex is greater than that of the other, females in good condition should produce more offspring of the sex that exhibits the higher variance. This assumes that the condition of the female is reflected in the condition of the offspring and that the survival and breeding success of an individual is at least partially dependent on the condition of the individual at the end of parental care. Although Trivers and Willard's model predicts different strategies for different females, it is clear that nestling quality within individual broods may vary greatly and that females may potentially influence this variability in an adaptive way. For example, sequence-related hatching trends found in Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens, Ankney 1982) and Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Bortolotti 1984) may function to provide a competitive advantage for the larger sex in both species. Mead et al. (1987) recently found that eggs from which male White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) hatched were larger than those from which females were hatched. Since the variance in reproductive success of males in this species is probably greater than that of females and since egg size has been shown in many studies to be correlated with nestling growth and survival, they interpreted these results as being an


The world market of lactic acid is growing every year, mainly as a solvent and precursor to poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The cost of renewable biomass-derived PLA will have to compete with other synthetic polymers, if it is to grab a significant and sustainable fraction of the market share. It is thus necessary to have efficient and cost-effective technology for the production of pure-grade lactic acid (LA). In this article, a novel cost-effective, eco-friendly continuous process for the production of high-quality lactic acid at pilot plant scale has been demonstrated. The novelty of this process is that, for the first time, we report and use the concept of inverse reactive distillation for the esterification of crude concentrated LA in a continuous countercurrent packed column mode. This allows us to operate the column at higher temperatures, improving the kinetic rate process and leading to shorter columns. This is followed by the hydrolysis of methyl lactate (MLA) in a series of three continuously stirred ...


Viscosity rising problem of acrylic acid(acrylate)byproduct during storage was studied.The main cause for the viscosity rising of acrylic acid byproduct was found through analyzing influence factors,and a suitable solvent was selected through tests.The viscosity during long-term storage is steady after the solvent is added to acrylic acid byproduct.As a result,the problem that production can not run stably because of viscosity rising of acrylic acid byproduct was solved.


The Birchlog Run and Tumbling Rock Run bridges were constructed in the summer of 1990 on the Monongahela National Forest in West Virginia. The bridges are simple span, single lane, stress laminated deck superstructures, and each bridge is approximately 30 ft (9 m) long and 13 ft (4 m) wide. The bridges are located approximately 1/2 mile (.8 km) apart and are nearly identical in design. The Birchlog Run bridge is constructed of Southern Pine (softwood) lumber and the Tumbling Rock Run bridge is constructed of Northern Red Oak (hardwood) lumber. The close proximity of the bridges provided an opportunity to compare the performance of stress laminated decks constructed of softwood and hardwood species under similar environmental conditions. Performance of the bridges was monitored for 3 years, beginning at the time of installation. This monitoring involved gathering and analyzing data relative to the wood moisture content, force level of stressing bars, vertical bridge creep, and behavior of the bridges under static load conditions. In addition, comprehensive visual inspections were conducted to assess the overall condition of the bridges. Based on 3 years of field monitoring, the bridges are performing well with no structural or serviceability deficiencies.


[Objective]To establish a new method for testing the antibacterial effect of antibacterial ceramics.[Methods]Dipping oscillatory method and film method were used respectively to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the antibacterial ceramics.[Results]The average 24-hour sterilizing rates with regard to the Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were all 99.99% when the dipping oscillatory method was used;The average 24-hour sterilizing rates with regard to the Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were 99.98%,99.97% and 99.98%,respectively when the film method was used.The test results between the two methods showed no significant difference(P0.05).[Conclusion]Dipping oscillatory method can serve as a new method to test the antibacterial effect of antibacterial ceramics.


Synchronization is crucial for the correct functionality of many natural and man-made complex systems. In this work we characterize the formation of synchronization patterns in networks of Kuramoto oscillators. Specifically, we reveal conditions on the network weights, structure and on the oscillators' natural frequencies that allow the phases of a group of oscillators to evolve cohesively, yet independently from the phases of oscillators in different clusters. Our conditions are applicable to general directed and weighted networks of heterogeneous oscillators. Surprisingly, although the oscillators exhibit nonlinear dynamics, our approach relies entirely on tools from linear algebra and graph theory. Further, we develop a control mechanism to determine the smallest (as measured by the Frobenius norm) network perturbation to ensure the formation of a desired synchronization pattern. Our procedure allows us to constrain the set of edges that can be modified, thus enforcing the sparsity structure of the network perturbation. The results are validated through a set of numerical examples.


A synthetic green fluorescent protein analogue showed Zn2+-induced fluorescence in organic solvents (Φ = 0.07 at r.t. and up to 0.3 at low temperature). The experimental observations and theoretical calculations suggest that Zn2+ binding inhibits the free rotation of an aryl–alkene bond, which allows excited molecules to relax through the emission pathway instead of the thermodynamic pathway. The solvent influenced the fluorescence intensities and wavelengths by direct or indirect interactions with the molecules.


The article considers some aspects of the use of social and political discourse in teaching English. In the article, social and political discourse means all the messages that are related to social and political issues. The new trends of modern media development are considered. Some aspects of use of mass media in education have been considered. In particular, special attention has been paid to the main peculiarities of mass media as a source of educational content. The didactic potential of newspapers, radio, television and the Internet have been shown. It has been demonstrated that the use of politically charged lexicon (not only politically correct words and expressions but also pejorative once) broadens students` outlook and trains them to work in different social and political conditions. For example, euphemisms should be used in the modern political communication in order to avoid conflicts. It has been proved that newspaper texts can help us study history of the countries of the languages being learnt. The difference between the quality press and tabloids has been explained. A table of headlines is given to illustrate historical events in the USA and the world. The activity of English mass media in facilitating English learning has been considered. It has been demonstrated that some materials issued by the BBC are aimed at familiarizing the audience with the English language. E.g., the English Express project contains video materials and some brief data about the English grammar as well as tests. The author has emphasized that media often contain wrong, biased or fake information. Fake news is considered as a threat to the stability of communication. It is shown that the students should try to verify all the messages they use in their activities. All types of communication on the Internet and wherever else should meet both legislation and ethical principles. Special attention is paid to blogs as alternative sources of information. The authors of blogs express different opinions and they do not have to follow any editorial lines. It has been shown that working with webpages increases the level of media literacy of the students. Special attention is paid to the sources created intentionally for language exchange, e.g. Interpals and Duolingo. It is underlined that the students should not only perceive but also create media content. The use of Facebook, Youtube, Wikipedia, Livejournal etc. can facilitate the publication of the students` achievements. The author has paid attention to activities that can be done using media materials, e.g. project work, simulations and others.


BACKGROUND
Cocaine is one of the most widely used illicit drug, and it is the most common cause of drug-related death. The association of cocaine use with acute heart failure is a rare occurrence.

CASE REPORT
We report the case of a 31 years-old woman who presented a Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with severe cardiogenic shock after cocaine abuse. That required the use of high doses of positive inotropic amines and mechanical ventilation. The evolution was quickly favorable after the cessation of cocaine Discussion:Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is often related to a stressful trigger, and several cases have been described with the use of several psychostimulants. As such, it is not surprising that cocaine use can be associated with the development of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy when it results in excess release of catecholamines and excitation of adrenergic receptors.

CONCLUSION
In critical care unit, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a rare complication of cocaine abuse.This etiological diagnosis can be difficult especially in the absence of concept of toxic intake as it was initially the case for our patient, but the treatment does not differ from other causes of cardiomyopathy and Cessation of cocaine use has been associated with improvement in cardiac function.


Specimens prepared by the cold-pressing and sintering technique were very porous, but specimens with only 3% porosity were produced by hot pressing. Time and temperature must be very carefully controlled during hot pressing to prevent undesirable grain growth. The degree to which the individual UC particles are surrounded by a film of uranium metal was not determined, but electron microscopic techniques will be used for this purpose in the future. X- ray-diffraction analyses of powder batches revealed that they had become contaminated with oxygen in the form of UO/sub 2/ during milling, and it was found that the UH/sub 3/ was oxidizing preferentially. Oxygen contamination was drastically reduced by milling the UC powder separately and then dry blending the milled carbide powder with the UH/sub 3/ in argon. Evaluation of sirtered and hot pressed specimens is complicated by oxide contamination. Since suitable standards are not available for quantitative x-raydiffraction analysis of the phases present in sintered specimens, metallographic point-counting will be used for this purpose and for porosity determination. (auth)


In this study, a fluorescence-based method was used to characterize the amino loading density on the flat surface of glass tubes functionalized by silylation with (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane and then fluorescence-labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The immobilized fluorescent molecules on the surface of the glass tubes were released by treatment with hydrofluoric acid. The fluorescence of the released solution was detected by a multifunction micro-plate reader, and the concentration of the fluorescent molecules was calculated from a calibration curve based on the reference compound 2a. A density calculation formula D = 27.95Y/S was developed, where Y represents the fluorescence intensity of the solutions and S represents the surface area of the glass tubes.


This work is a continuation and extension of a recent one by Tang and Chen [Global dynamics of a Lotka--Volterra competition-diffusion system in advective homogeneous environments, J. Differential ...


Compounds that inhibit PI3Kδ activity, including compounds that selectively inhibit PI3Kδ activity, are disclosed. Methods of inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta isoform (PI3Kδ) activity, and methods of treating diseases, such as disorders of immunity and inflammation in which PI3Kδ plays a role in leukocyte function, using the compounds also are disclosed.


Single-layer graphene films were grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on Cu foil. The CVD process was complemented by plasma enhancement to grow also vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes using Ni nanoparticles as catalyst. The obtained samples were characterized by Raman spectroscopy analysis. Nature of defects in the samples and optimal growth conditions leading to achieve high quality of graphene and carbon nanotubes are discussed.


The knowledge of the spatial variability of field capacity and permanent wilting point is important for decision making in the management of irrigation, in order to meet properly the crop water requirement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of field capacity and permanent wilting point in a Cohesive Yellow Argisol cultivated with Conilon coffee in Norte Capixaba. For reviews of field capacity (CC) and permanent wilting point (PMP), undisturbed soil samples were taken on the line and leading culture, with four points, equidistant in relation to the culture (0, 50, 100 and 150 cm) five depths 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and 80-100 cm, with four replications. All samples were tensions of 10 to 1500 kPa, a CC and PMP, respectively. The results were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis and spatial dependence was assessed by variograms settings. For all events, the mean and median value is presented, close to each other, showing symmetrical distribution, which can be confirmed by the skewness coefficient zero and near zero kurtosis. The spatial dependence index for CC and PMP was strong for all models, but the Gaussian was the best set. The spatial dependence was strong for CC and PMP, with a range of 240 cm (CC) and 250 cm (PMP). The field capacity and the permanent wilting point showed a moderate spatial variability can be interpolated through kriging methods with very small errors.


The analysis of FDI of Beijing shows that FDI stepped up the developmental pace of Beijing and speeded up the process of Beijing's economical integration into international economy.On one hand,FDI brought Beijing international enterprises and international talents.On the other hand,there are some problems of using FDI in Beijing,such as lower level of opening to the outside world than other international metropolitan areas,immoderate centralization of FDI resources,single form of FDI,and so on.For spreading the city's influence of Beijing,the following measures should be adopted,attracting transnational corporations in order to expand the scale of FDI,creating international environment,shifting government functions,constructing a base of international talents,strengthening publicity,and participating in international affairs.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between teacher efficacy levels and fifth grade Virginia SOL Mathematic achievement. This study sought to determine the extent to which personal efficacy, general efficacy, and total efficacy account for fifth grade Virginia Standards of Learning Mathematic achievement over and above that explained by teacher experience, teacher education, and class size. A critical review of the previous research methodologies and findings on teacher efficacy demonstrated the need for further research in this area. This study hoped to provide school officials in educational leadership with data necessary to plan professional development to improve classroom instruction, teacher efficacy, and student achievement. This study utilized a quantitative survey which measured personal, general, and total efficacy levels among fifth grade teachers in 11 elementary schools located in central Virginia. Twenty-one of the 27 (78%) 5 grade teachers that were surveyed, completed and returned the survey used in the study. Other data, such as teacher education, teacher experience, class size, and student achievement scores were collected from the division with the permission of the division's superintendent. Results of the data analysis indicated that there was no statistically significant relationship between teacher efficacies and 5 grade mathematics SOL achievement. The findings demonstrated that personal teaching efficacy, general teaching efficacy, and total teaching efficacy had no significant impact on 5 grade mathematics SOL achievement over and above the extent that teacher experience, teacher education, and class size impacted student achievement. It should be noted that the following limitations may have impacted the final results of the analysis. Class sizes were of mixed math ability, ranging from 11-23 students. Special education students tended to be in the smaller sized inclusion classes and gifted and talented students tended to be in the larger class sizes. Teacher efficacy levels were based on self-report. The sample size was small and limited generalizability of the results due to the focus


A b s t a r c t. Pre-pupation selectivity of inorganic substrate grain size for case building by trichopteran larvae, Hydropsyche pellucidula, was estimated on the basis of laboratory experiment and field data. Among four inorganic substrate fractions (fine and coarse sand, fine and coarse gravel) individuals of H. pellucidula that had inhabited in coarse sand and fine gravel were able to complete their life cycle. K e y w o r d s: Hydropsyche pellucidula, case building, mineral particles, life cycle


Book synopsis: This publication covers many aspects of London's history and culture from the twelfth to the early sixteenth centuries.

The selection of topics covers many aspects of London's history and culture from the twelfth to the early sixteenth centuries, beginning with a discussionof the representation of London in the famous description by William FitzStephen and including a comparative survey of the documentary sources available for the study of medieval London and Paris. The volume is of relevance to historians, literary scholars and all those with an interest in medieval urban culture.


A statistical model for field emission developed in 1993 has been applied to characterize the improvement in field emitter properties and field emitter occurrence due to improvements in treatment methods for 9-cell TESLAstyle cavities. The improved treatments are electropolishing, high pressure rinsing and baking (120C, 48 hours). We model the Q vs. Eacc data from 24 9-cell tests and 32 1-cell tests, all conducted at TTF by DESY. The statistical model is able to successfully simulate the observed yields by applying a factor of 3 decrease in emitter density over the emitter density prevailing for treatments in 1993, which did not include high pressure rinsing. Both simulation and data show that at Eacc = 70 MV/m the yield for field emission power less than 100 watts (Q > 8x10 9 ) is less than 20%. To raise this yield to 80% will require new treatments that will reduce the emitter density by another factor of 3 at least. Further comparisons of field emission behaviour will be made with data for alcohol rinsed cavities.


ABSTRACT One of the main challenges faced by climate policy makers today is to design and implement policies capable of transferring climate policy goals into sectoral actions towards transformational pathways. Hence, climate policies need to be of cross-cutting character, lead to coherence with sectoral goals and reconcile diverging sectoral interests. Against this background, Mexico has undertaken significant efforts to reform its energy sector, including goals for clean energy and energy efficiency, and the adoption of implementation mechanisms via the Law for Energy Transition of 2015. Furthermore, Mexico has introduced a complex climate governance system, including ambitious mitigation goals. In this paper, we applied concepts of climate policy integration to analyse whether integration between the policy subsystems of energy and climate change occurred in Mexico in terms of political discourse and negotiation, policy goals and instruments, and implementation; as well as the factors at work that lead to climate policy integration. We find that on the level of political discourse and negotiation, an integration process between the energy and climate subsystems occurred, influenced by the availability and market maturity of clean energy, mitigation scenarios and external events, such as the 2015 Paris Climate Change Conference. However, a combination of decisions on integrated climate-energy policy outputs, and preparing the public administration system for the implementation of integrated policies, is needed to enable appropriate institutional mandates, budgets and instruments and avoid institutional fragmentation. Omitting to take these decisions was identified as a major shortcoming in the political-administrative system, preventing higher levels of climate policy integration. Key policy insights The Mexican Energy Transition Law shows that policy windows can be used by policy makers to attain integrated energy-climate policy outputs and to advance national mitigation and energy sector goals. In order to make full use of integrated policy decisions, the administrative system has to follow suit by also introducing mandates, budgets and policy instruments of an integrative character. Climate policy integration in practice implies identifying and using the full potential of policy windows in order to ensure the raising of ambition under the Paris Agreement as well as achievement of sectoral policy objectives.


Researches in the investigation of the correlation of solar activity with radio reception have continued at the Perkins Observatory in the measurements of field-intensities of WBBM, Chicago, during the night hours from 9:00 p.m. to 2:00 a.m., Eastern Standard Time. Following the method of procedure outlined to the American Geophysical Union in 1932, the measurements have been corrected for the angle of depression of the Sun below the horizon after the correction-curve as was determined by Mr. Cobb.

Comparisons of radio intensities expressed logarithmically with the sunspot-numbers (see Fig.1) confined to the central zones show a somewhat closer correspondence than when compared with sunspot-numbers for the whole disc, adding further evidence for an apparent direct sunspot-effect on the altitude of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer. The fact that the curve of radio intensities compares more closely with the sunspot-curve than with the curve of ultra-violet light, as determined from Pettit's measures at Mount Wilson, suggests that the increased ionization of the upper layers is effected by other considerations than the integrated ultra-violet light of the whole solar disc.


We examined the relationship between winter habitat selection among lynx (Lynx canadensis) and coyotes (Canis latrans) and relative snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) abundance by tracking in snow during three winters. Hare numbers were higher in dense spruce (Picea glauca) than in other habitats in 1987–1988, and both predator species selected that habitat in that year. In 1988–1989, hare distribution was similar among habitats, and both predators used spruce habitats relative to their availability. In 1989–1990, hare numbers were also similar among habitats, and lynx used spruce habitats according to availability, whereas coyotes selected dense spruce. Hares were the main prey of both species, and the distribution of hares chased and killed by lynx was similar to that predicted by habitat use. Lynx hunting success was also similar among habitats. In comparison, coyotes chased and killed more hares than expected and had higher hunting success in dense spruce. Snow was shallower and harder in all spruce hab...


The gaining popularity of production rule systems had as a result the recent Rule Interchange Format (RIF) extensibility framework. This framework, developed by the W3C Consortium, is for modeling production rules in forward chaining rule engines. Our research, based on this RIF extensibility framework, sets the foundational work for a flexible new rule language to facilitate knowledge representation with syntax that incorporates features from both logic and functional programming. The benefits are grammatical freedom, absolute clarity and rigor. Formalizations of the new language and examples are provided. Keywords-computer languages; F-expressions; higher-order logic programming; production rule systems; rule dialects


Paulette Carrive : The quaker John Bellers, a great reformer. John Bellars (1654-1725), who inspired Robert Owen and whom Marx called «a phenomenon in political economy », is chiefly remembered for an educational scheme, embodied in what he called «a college of industry ». However, such a scheme presupposed a theoretical, moral and religious enquiry into the foundation of value, which is labour. It also implied a number of social and political reforms, among which the most important were a nation-wide organisation of health-care, the abolition of the death penalty and the edification of a European Community.


This chapter presents a critical review of solid state deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments performed on synthetic polymers. (Much parallel and pioneer work has been performed on biopolymers. The interested reader is referred to the reviews cited in References 1-4.) It emphasizes those experiments that provided new information on the local molecular dynamics of polymers. It is intended for the materials scientist rather than for the NMR spectroscopist, and as such concentrates on the results and conclusions from the NMR experiments, rather than on the details of the experiments themselves.


Motor and gear assembly, wherein two or more geared motors are attached to a central housing part, each gear motor has a gear which can be driven by a respective electric motor of each gear motor, wherein in each case one end connected to the output shaft of the respective transmission gear, ie in particular driven gear wheel, with a gear, in particular therefore summing gear is engaged, the rotation with a shaft is connected, which is mounted in the central housing part, in particular wherein the problems associated with the output shaft of the respective transmission gears, that power take-off gears, are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the shaft axis of the shaft, in particular regularly spaced.


The solution of linear problem is used as coordinate functions for nonlinear dynamics problem for free surfaced liquid. The investigation of such problem allows to established that linear problem has singular properties on the contour of three phase contact gas-liquid-tank wall and it doesn't account tank geometry over liquid free surface [1,2]. Such deficiencies restrict validity range of nonlinear model and doesn't allow to obtain high accuracy solution based on nonlinear model. The mechanical analysis of linearization allows to state that linear problem include some contradictions [1]. The liquid domain supposed to be fixed according to linear model, but from the other hand according to boundary condition particles on free surface order to have nonzero velocity normal components. This fact results in singularities appearance in corner neighborhood similar to liquid flow in angular domain [3]. Such mechanical type of singularity corresponds with mathematically determined one [2]. Therefore modified problem formulation for coordinate function free from based deficiencies of classical approach is suggested.


The main point of this paper is to address the rising statistics that represent the prevalence of mental disorders in our society. The focus is generally limited to the American public. It is stressed to seek healthy coping mechanisms to relieve mental discomfort or the side effects faced by serious mental illnesses such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, this is so that negative coping won't be used leading to healthy coping methods to combat mental pain. This is important in order to prevent a high risk for health and well-being if addiction recovery is reached. From the data given by the National Institute of Health; young adults have the highest cases or prevalence of developing mental health problems based on a self-assessment. However, this age group is also the least likely to seek professional help. Co-occurring disorders can be defined as; the mental state where a pre-existing mental health condition, usually one of a serious mental illness, is the leading factor for the contribution of another mental illness, usually one that is a comorbid substance use disorder. This means that there is a heavy correlation between the two conditions. Serious mental illnesses are where the cognition of the affected person has been impaired or interfered with because of how one feels. The focus of this paper surrounds opioid addiction or medically referred to as opioid use disorder. The reason for this focus is because of how highly addictive and strong the feeling of pain relief can be after using opioids continuously.


This essay is concerned with the idea of a expansion of the concept of performance in order to be more inclusive of non-human animals. Could it be that - as part of developing a more animal-oriented Performance Studies (or, research at the intersection of Animal and Performance Studies) - we need to rethink dominant concepts of performance along similar lines to the expansion of 'the notion of language to include embodied communication' (Puchner 2007: 28)? The first part of the chapter deals with this question with respect to performance scholarship; the second addresses it in relation to two specific examples of contemporary performance practice, both of which could be described as forms of collaborative and improvisational performance involving animals (one with wild animals, the other with domesticated ones). The first of these practices is the work of David Rothenberg - a professor of philosophy and music at the New Jersey Institute of Technology, but also a practicing jazz clarinetist with an interest in the production of 'interspecies music'. The second is that of Sami Salpakivi, who has been working with horses in Finland since 1999 and specifically on contact improvisation with horses since 2001-2002, as well as forming the first horse theatre in Finland.


We present a new technique to be used with ultra-low-level current-to-frequency converters (CFC) to enlarge their dynamic range of measurement (by a factor of ten). This technique also enables one to realize a more sensitive (by a factor of ten) CFC (l min = 10−15 A) than all previously relaized one (l min = 10−14 A). This technique is based on the carrier-heating phenomenon in short-channel MOSFETs. Our experimental work showed that this technique permits efficient compensation of CFC leakage current. Additional circuitry may be introduced to provide automatic leakage-current compensation.


Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate the transition to parenthood among mothers with depressive symptoms 2–3 months after birth. Background: Becoming a mother is a process including feelings of satisfaction and love, responsibility and changed relationships. About of 11–17% new mothers suffer from depressive symptoms. Transition theory describes the nature of the transition, the transition conditions and the patterns of response. Methods: Semi structured interviews with 22 mothers with depressive symptoms analyzed with template analysis style according to Meleis transition theory. Findings: The mothers went through several transitions and their life changed physically and mentally. The first meeting with the child was overwhelming. Mother's own beliefs, the child, partner, family and friends and the health care staff affected transition. Factors describing the process of being a mother were reflections about the situation and coping strategies. Conclusion: Becoming a mother takes time and effort. Suffering with depressive symptoms makes the situation more difficult. These mothers need social and professional support as follow up of the transition process. Transition theory can assist the nurse to understand mothers' readiness for parenthood and identify factors that influence the process.


. In this work, the concept of quasi-type Kernel polynomials with respect to a moment functional is introduced. Difference equation satisfied by these polynomials along with the criterion for orthogonality conditions are discussed. The process of recovering orthogonality for the linear combination of a quasi-type kernel polynomial with another orthogonal polynomial, which is identified by involving linear spectral transformation, is provided. This process involves an expression of ratio of iterated kernel polynomials. This lead to considering the limiting case of ratio of kernel polynomials involving continued fractions. Special cases of such ratios in terms of certain continued fractions are exhibited.


This paper is an exploratory of social analysis from the historical viewpoint. Spain's modernization, in the background of Carlos III's Enlightenment (1756-1788), begins with the Peninsular War and the Bourgeois Revolution (1808-1834/37). The two great institutions of the "Ancient Regime", the aristocracy's and the Church's late medieval systems of privileges, were wiped out.


Objectives: Genetic instability is one of the basic reasons for the survival. In this study, a very high genetic imbalance that is inconsistent with cough and life can not be explained with our current genetic information. Materials and methods: We performed cytogenetic analysis by G-banding in an adult girl, aged 23 years, with hundreds of chromosomal abnormalities (CAs). While she has been evaluating for diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), was considered to have a possible genetic disorder. Results: We observed that there was at least one or more structural and/or numerical CAs in a cell of a person. The numerical and structural aberrations were found in 94.3% of cells analyzed. These CAs were a very serious and very important genetic instability. However, these hundreds of CAs had reflected to clinic appearence with the symptom of dyspnea, cough for the last 5 months, atypical facial and growth retardation. Conclusion: There is a relationship between chromosome damage and symptoms of dyspnea, cough. We are in an inappropriate situation with normal mitosis. It needs to be investigated and explained. *Correspondence to: Osman Demirhan, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, 01330 Balcalı-Adana, Turkey, Tel: 903223387140, Fax: 90-322-3386572, E-mail: email@example.com


We discuss the recently introduced concept of non-deterministic noiseless linear amplification, demonstrating that such an operation can only be performed perfectly with vanishing probability of success. We show that a weak measurement, which imprints the weak value of an observable of a pre-selected and post-selected system onto a probe system, can be used to approximate probabilistic noiseless amplification. This result may be applied to various tasks in continuous variable quantum information, including entanglement concentration, probabilistic cloning, and in quantum repeaters. We discuss the application of our scheme to probabilistic cloning of weak coherent states.


Internal Hernia (IH) is a rare cause of Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO) associated with a high risk of strangulation and mortality if left untreated. Due to increasing complex abdominal surgeries, the incidence of acquired IH has also increased over the years as opposed to congenital IH that remain relatively unchanged. Regarding the several types of IH, congenital transmesocolic hernia of the transverse colon is a very rare type with only few cases previously reported in the literature. We here in report the case of a 77-year-old female patient who presented to our emergency department with an acute abdominal pain and vomiting. The plain abdominal radiograph demonstrated signs of SBO and the abdominal computed tomography revealed findings highly suggestive of an IH. A congenital transmesocolic hernia of the transverse colon was confirmed on laparotomy with reduction and closure of the defect leading to full recovery of the patient. In this case report, the clinical pictures and radiological features are highlighted together with a review of the literature. Although CT is currently the mainstay imaging in the workup of SBO, its accuracy to preoperatively diagnose and distinguish among several types of IH remain rather low. Thus, when an IH is suspected, prompt surgical management can avoid bowel ischemia and reduce complications. A high conversion rate to an open approach is often needed due to work space limitations.


On Wednesday 28 June 2006, the Academy proudly launched its flagship journal, 21st Century Society, at the Institute of Education in London. Sue Duncan, Chief Government Social Researcher, and herself an Academician, was the guest speaker and we reproduce her address below. The event was co-hosted by the Academy and Routledge, the journal's publishers, who provided a splendid champagne reception for the audience of over 80 academicians, representatives of learned societies, editorial board members and contributors to the inaugural issue. Sue Duncan addressed the question 'Social Science: does it matter?' by noting the rather pessimistic conclusions of the Academy's Commission on the Social Sciences, published in 2003, suggesting that in the UK policy-making process, the social sciences demonstrated an unfulfilled potential rather than a lack of utility. In contrast, she applauded the more positive and forward-looking vision outlined by Miriam David & Peter Glasner in the Editorial of the first issue, of a role to promote the social sciences and synthesise, reflect and advance global public debates. In her view there was an urgent need to provide a forum within which social science research can become more successfully involved in informed public debate, and the new journal will be a significant contribution to strengthening this provision. However, she warned, it would not be an easy task. Peter Glasner, on behalf of Miriam David and the editorial board, thanked Sue Duncan for her support in launching 21st Century Society. He agreed that the translation of their vision to provide a public voice that was interdisciplinary, inclusive and international into a world-class publication to contemplate, debate, reflect on, and redefine the social sciences for the 21st century, was indeed a major undertaking. However, he was sure that success was in their reach with the help of members of the Academy and its learned societies, as well as others around the world, contributing to the reflections, issues and debates that the journal intends to publish. The formal proceedings were rounded off by a vote of thanks from Sally Hardy, founder member of the original working party and on the editorial board, to all who had been involved over the elephantine gestation period prior to the launch. In particular she singled out Jo Campling, the Editorial Consultant, who was unable to attend through illness, for special praise in accelerating and facilitating the process. Finally, Rod Cookson from Routledge expressed the publisher's confidence in the assured success of the new publication with its strong and experienced editorial team, before Lord Bhikhu Parekh invited everyone present to toast the birth of 21st Century Society.


Natural language sentence can be represented by means of graphs, where words, groups of pixels or variants of decisions are used as vertices, and as edges is the relationship between words in a sentence, elements of images or decisions. In most sentences, the relations of subordination and linear order are related. The representation of the syntactic structure of the sentence in the form of a subordination tree is used in generative grammars of the language and in the algorithms of syntactic analysis. The tree is built, starting from the distribution of lexical units of the sentence by parts of speech, and then there is a transfer from the subordination tree to the tree of the components. A binary search tree is a kind of data structure that corresponds to the representation of the sentence in the form of a tree of components. When a tree graph is built it's possible to proceed to the analysis of a lexical expression by comparing the intersection of sets representing it with the dictionary expressions in order to reveal the maximum coincidence between them.


Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) is a multi-functional plasma globulin which binds to the vitamin D (VD) in the circulation system and transporting the latter to various effective organs to exert its biological functions. Studies have found that VD and its carrier VDBP are associated with the risk of various cancers such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer however, lacking sufficient epidemiological evidences so far. Furthermore, it is still controversial regarding how VD controls and affects cancer progression. In addition, studies have also demonstrated that VDBP derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF) is a potent lymphokine in cancer treatment. Nonetheless, the relationship between VDBP and cancer including the VDBP polymorphism, VDBP plasma concentration are still unclear; more studies are needed to further uncover its role in cancer development and progression, thus providing new evidences for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. (Chin J Lab Med,2014,37: 828-831)

Key words:
Vitamin D-binding protein; Vitamin D; Macrophage-activating factors; Neoplasms


This Paper investigates the economy-wide effects of increased foreign borrowing in the empirical context of the Philippines, using a multi-sectoral, general equilibrium model. The focus of the analysis is on the comparative static repercussions of the domestic spending of externally borrowed funds and on the resource allocation effects of the appreciation of the Philippine peso induced by the expanded supply of foreign exchange. The results of model simulation indicate, among other findings, a relatively small impact on national income, with rural income increasing by much less than urban income. [430]


When solving linear stochastic partial differential equations numerically, usually a high order spatial discretization is needed. Model order reduction (MOR) techniques are often used to reduce the...


The product which formaldehyde reacts with Ethyl acetoacetate and ammonia is 2,6-Ddimethyl-3,5-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine in acidic acetate buffer. The product of the reaction has maximum absorption at 375 nm and the molar absorptivity e_(375) is 5.533×10~3 mol/cm/L. A new method for the determination of formaldehyde has been developed with this reaction and the linear range is 0.08~4.0 mg/L.


Among the 13 chemical companies to make Thomson Reuters' recent Top 100 Global Innovators list was 3M. The St. Paul-based firm also ranked third, after electronics giant Apple and software designer Google, in Booz & Co.'s 2011 Global Innovation 1000 ranking of the most innovative companies as judged by senior R&D executives. Eighty-five of the companies surveyed by Booz spent more than the $1.4 billion 3M spent on R&D in 2010. They include chemical industry stalwarts DuPont and Dow Chemical, each of which spent about $1.7 billion. Yet 3M was judged to be among the most innovative. The outside recognition validates 3M's decades-long commitment to creating a climate for innovation, says Frederick J. Palensky, 3M's chief technology officer. And he credits 3M's own Tech Forum, a technology-oriented social-networking program that just celebrated its 60th anniversary, for many of the firm's new product development successes. Many companies puzzle over how to ...


With a novel Q-switching technique, 6-ns output pulses are produced from a single-mode Nd:YAG microchip laser pumped with 120 mW of cw optical power. Rate-equation analysis indicates that with a pump power of 500 mW, Q-switched Nd:YAG microchip lasers having subnanosecond pulses and peak powers of several kilowatts are feasible. Such miniature Q-switched lasers could find applications in range finding and nonlinear optics.


This paper presents a quantitative approach to evaluate the impact of wavelet basis on vibration analysis of rolling bearings based on cross-correlation measure. As a basic tool to investigate the relationship between two data sequences from the viewpoint of statistics, the cross-correlation analysis is able to characterize the performance difference among various wavelet bases when analyzing the vibration signals. Experimental study has verified that the cross-correlation measure provides quantitative guidance to selecting base wavelet for better defect diagnosis of rolling bearings.


We examine the exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) in the Korean ICT industry as new ICT price data are available. We also compare it with Non-ICT indus try. Our findings are, first, for both ICT and Non-ICT industries the degree of ERPT is getti ng smaller as the price index moves from import prices to producer prices and to consumer prices. This result is consistent with previous studies. Second, the ERPT to ICT consumer price index is not significantly different from zero. This implies that as ICT portion is growing in an economy, the impact of exchange rate variation on consumer price index will be smaller.


Abstract
1 The psychological effects of nicardipine and propranolol were assessed in a group of 30 hypertensive patients who were randomly allocated to treatment with one or other drug.

2 Baseline psychiatric and cognitive assessments were performed after a 4 week placebo washout phase and were repeated after 12 weeks of active drug treatment.

3 Impairments were found in both treatment groups on the Complex Figure Test, which assesses both constructional abilities and the ability to organise complex data. The propranolol group showed a significant increase in performance in the Digit Symbol Substitution Test; this was not seen in the nicardipine group. The nicardipine group reported a decreased sense of proficiency as assessed by a visual analogue scale.

4 In neither treatment group was there detectable impairment in psychiatric well-being or ability to fulfil normal social roles.

5 The interpretation and implications of the findings are discussed.


Several reports have dealt with salivary concentration of I131 (1, 2, 3). The degree of this concentration is similar to that reported for the thyroid gland (4, 5, 6). An additional point of similarity is that the mechanism is inhibited in both the salivary gland and in the thyroid (7) by certain anions. The nature of this mechanism and the question of whether organically bound plasma iodine contributes to salivary iodine are topics of current interest.


A subclonal cl.1–14 cell was established from a monocytic cell line U937 by a limiting dilution method. The anti‐HIV‐1 activity of some antiviral compounds was evaluated in HIV‐1‐infected cl.1–14 cells. The results demonstrated that although AZT was a potent inhibitor of HIV‐1 replication in cl.1–14 cells, its 50% effective concentration (EC50) values was 80 times higher than that in HIV‐1 infected MT‐4 cells; the EC50 of AZT was 0.16 μM and 0.002 μM in cl.1–14 and MT‐4 cells, respectively. In contrast, the anti‐HIV‐1 activity of ddA, ddI and ddC in cl.1–14 cells was comparable to that in MT‐4 cells. The antiviral activity of nevirapine, dextran sulfate, curdlan sulfate and T22 did not differ significantly between the cl. 1–14 and MT‐4 cells. The antiviral activity of several compounds in the HIV‐1‐infected cl.1–14 cells was similar to that in the HIV‐1jr‐fl‐infected human peripheral macrophages. Our results suggest that cl.1–14 cell cultures are very useful for estimating antiviral activity and more advantageous than the use of peripheral blood macrophages.


According to the protocol of Agrawal et al., we propose a cavity QED scheme for realization of teleportation and dense coding. Instead of using EPR states and GHZ states, our scheme is more insensitive to the loss of one particle by using a W-class state as a quantum channel. Besides, our scheme is immune to thermal field, and does not require the cavity to remain in the vacuum state throughout the procedure.


INTRODUCTION: The impairment of muscle strength and muscle power of the lower extremities, balance/postural control and walking ability have been recognized as important risk factors for falls. These parameters are known to become progressively more impaired with aging, increasing the risk of falls among the elderly.  A one-leg standing exercise, in terms of static body balance training, is useful for improving body balance. Chair-rising exercise may improve muscle power and also body balance. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of chair rising exercise and one-leg standing exercise in improving dynamic body balance in geriatric subjects. METHOD:  An experimental study was set as home based exercises. 30 subjects (10 males and 20 females) with mean age of 66.4 years were randomly divided into 2 groups: Chair-rising exercise (CR) group and One-leg standing (OLS) exercise group. All participants performed calisthenics of the major muscles, tandem gait exercise, and stepping exercise and as per the group, chair rising and one leg standing. Exercises were performed 3 times per week for 3 weeks. Chair rising time, one leg standing time, 3m tandem gait time, Timed up and go (3m), 5m walk time were evaluated at baseline and at the end of 3 weeks. RESULT: Chair rising time, one-leg standing time, timed up & go, tandem gait time and walking time improved significantly from the baseline value in the CR group (p=0.0003, p=0.0039, p<0.0001, p=0.0007, p <0.0001 respectively). One leg standing, tandem gait time and walking time improved significantly from the baseline value in the OLS group (p=0.0455, p=0.0159 and p=0.0025 respectively). The improvements in chair-rising time, walking time and 3m tandem gait time were significantly greater in the chair rising exercise group than in the one-leg standing exercise group (p=0.015, p=0.0269 p=0.0001 respectively). CONCLUSION: The chair-rising exercise is more effective than the one-leg standing exercise for improving dynamic body balance in geriatrics


A multiplicative Lie algebra is a group together with a "bracket function" that satisfies the basic properties of the commutator function. This paper investigates the construction of such functions.


ABSTRACT Within a sample of 109 developing countries for the period 1975–2014 and controlling for country and time-fixed effects, this article presents evidence that workers' remittances are more effective in promoting growth in developing countries with strong democratic institutions. The evidence is robust to alternative samples and different measures of democratic institutions.


A method of measuring the change in magnetic moment with pressure for spherical samples at a relatively low pressure level is described. Special attention is paid to the problem of avoiding the effects of sample motion with respect to the detector coil to insure the accuracy in such a highly sensitive measurement. The results of measurements on iron‐aluminum alloys up to 30 at.% Al are presented here. There is a sharp increase in the pressure dependence of the magnetic moment with the aluminum concentration. This is interpreted as favoring a competing antiferromagnetic interaction with increasing pressure.


According to modern garment pattern design principles and methods,all patterns are divided into basic patterns and style patterns.Based on the basic patterns,dart transfer,dart moving,splitting,relaxation and other basic design principles and methods are used to get the style patterns.Then a new kind of pattern automatic grading method was put forward on the basis of the point-grading method,by using basic pattern's grading rules,to realize style patterns' automatic grading.It could be well adapted to the changes of apparel styles and patterns zooming of different size system.


Humans are basically spiritual beings. Because, a person can mentally react to something. Humans have always tried to relate to the divine. So the relationship with the god is in the form of worship. The concept of worship in both the Old and New Testaments is the same concept. The Hebrew word for century and the Greek for the beginning of latreia denote the occupation of slaves. And to perform "worship". Before Allah, then His servants must bow down in fear of adoration full of awe, awe and respect. This is the concept behind one's operation in every sacrificial activity in every ministry. Likewise with the implementation of public worship believing in the Lord Jesus. Human sacrifices given as thanksgiving offerings to God are part of worship. No after service offers. This is because the offer is not simply a symbol of giving with what one has, whether in money, or in kind, or in some other way. But the best thing about an offer is that to whom the offer is made the Lord Jesus must be based on faith or the right foundation of a gift from someone else or for some other purpose. Almost all forms of worship are carried out by Sunday schools for children, youth, youth, mothers, fathers, parents, Sunday services and other services bringing offerings of thanks for being part of the service. But the gift must be well understood and taken seriously.


Personality and demographic attributes for a set of 1221 focal managers were examined as correlates of leadership effectiveness evaluations that were obtained via a 360° feedback program. Polynomial regression was used to study the congruence of self-ratings provided by focal managers relative to the different evaluative perspectives (i.e., immediate superior, peer, and subordinate). Analyses supported the prediction that focal manager's sex and age would be associated with the ratings provided by themselves and others. Plus, the tendency to overestimate one's own leader effectiveness relative to evaluations provided by others was found to be greater for males and older managers. Focal managers who expressed greater social sensitivity were evaluated more favorably by subordinates and peers, although not by superiors. Ratings of leader effectiveness from immediate superiors were, instead, more readily predicted by judgments of the performance of the focal manager's organizational unit relative to comparable units. Results of polynomial regression analysis, however, indicated that self - other agreement was related to the focal's sex, social sensitivity, and social dominance. Implications for understanding obstacles to openness to change are discussed.


Factors related to physical behaviour of children are important in understanding the characteristics of their physical activity. Apart from the factors of physical environment, social and demographical factors are also related to physical activity levels. Randomly selected 669 children (9.9±0.8 years; 48.8% boys) from randomly selected Slovenian elementary schools participated in this study. All data were obtained during a single measurement in May 2010. The standardized questionnaire The Quality of Life Survey was used to measure physical activity (PA) levels as well as social and demographic factors which could be associated with it. The results indicated higher PA levels in boys than in girls (704±286 min/week vs. 617±268 min/week; p<.001). The analysis of variance confirmed higher PA levels in girls with parents of a higher socioeconomic status (SES) (p=.0018); in boys, there were no differences in PA levels according SES (p=.580). In both the boys (p=.047) and girls (p=.021) PA levels were higher if their whole family were members of any sport club. However, family structure was not related to PA levels in either boys (p=.648) or girls (p=.132). In boys, the bi-variate regression analysis showed a positive correlation with mother's educational level (r=.090), with the number of children in the family (r=.150), with the child's attitude that active commute to school is attractive (r=.108) and that child's peers actively commute to school (r=.129), whereas a negative correlation was obtained with fear the child would become a victim of violence or harassment on the way to school (r=-.097). In girls, bi-variate regression analysis showed a positive correlation with mother's educational level (r=.094), with the child's attitude that active commute to school is attractive (r=.092) and that child's peers actively commute to school (r=.221), whereas a negative correlation was established with fear the child would become a victim of violence or harassment on the way to school (r=-.061) or at recreational and sporting facilities (r=-.046). According to low correlations in bi-variate analysis, we conclude that other factors, such as, for example, physical environment, might be strongly related to physical activity levels in children and need to be taken into account when preparing interventions for physical activity enhancement. Key words: children, adolescents, socioeconomic status, active commute


We have calculated the second moment of the pion light-cone distribution amplitude using two flavors of dynamical (clover) fermions on lattices of different volumes, lattice spacings between $0.06 \, \mathrm {fm}$ and $0.08 \, \mathrm {fm}$ and pion masses down to $m_\pi\sim 150 \, \mathrm {MeV}$. Our result for the second Gegenbauer coefficient is $a_2 = 0.1364(154)(145)$ and for the width parameter $\langle \xi^2 \rangle = 0.2361(41)(39)$. Both numbers refer to the scale $\mu=2 \, \mathrm {GeV}$in the $\overline{\text{MS}}$ scheme, the first error is statistical including the uncertainty of the chiral extrapolation, and the second error is the estimated uncertainty coming from the nonperturbatively determined renormalization factors.


Article is devoted to the problems of history of Kalmykia in a pre-revolutionary historiography. The modern particularities of the development social and political knowledge have defined the growing of the total amount of work, mass publication, devoted to the historical past of Kalmykia and inhabitants of Kalmykia.


This paper examines the impact of European integration on Belgian political parties. It aims to fill a gap in our knowledge as neither the literature on the Europeanization of Belgium nor the general literature on political parties has had extensive attention for Belgian political parties so far. Belgium is an interesting empirical case: political parties are key players in the political system of Belgium, which is sometimes called a partitocracy (De Winter and Dumont 2006; Deschouwer 2009), and, although parties are the only institutions that link the different Belgian government levels with each other, Belgian political parties operate in two separate party systems. Scholars of Europeanization have expressed the general expectation that political parties will become more Europeanized (in terms of attention, behaviour and organization) as European integration process proceeds. Contrary to the main findings of the Europeanization literature, we expect rather low adaptation in Belgium, given the rather strong permissive consensus on European Union (EU) matters and given the absence of Europe as an element of party competition. It is important to note that these expectations are valid for the period up to 2009. Our empirical data only covers this time-frame. The subsequent years 2010-2012 have been marked by the banking crisis and the sovereign debt crisis. These events have captured the attention for European issues of mass media and political parties in Belgium at last. In such a situation of growing EU salience we might expect cracks in the permissive consensus causing the EU to become the object of party attention and, eventually, an element of party competition.


The effects of different proportion of basal nitrogen and topdressing nitrogen on grain quality and yield of strong gluten wheat variety jinan 17 are studied in the article. The results show, properly augmenting the topdressing nitrogen proportion on jointing stage can remarkably increase the number of the spikes per 667m2?the number of the kernels per spike and the weight of thousand kernels to enhance the wheat yield and can improve the qualitative character, integrating the yield and the quality, we think it is proper to make 1/2 of the total nitrogen as basal fertilizer and 1/2 as topdressing fertilizer or 1/3 as basal fertilizer and 2/3 as topdressing fertilizer.


The tetraspanin CD151 forms a stable complex with integrin α3β1, a widely expressed laminin receptor, and is implicated in the regulation of integrin α3β1‐mediated cellular responses, including cell attachment, spreading and migration. However, the molecular mechanism by which CD151 regulates integrin α3β1 functions remains unclear. To address this issue, we knocked down CD151 expression in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells by RNA interference. When plated on laminin‐511 (laminin‐10), the CD151‐knocked‐down cells showed aberrant membrane protrusions and exhibited reductions in the tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, Src, p130Cas and paxillin. The formation of membrane protrusions was attenuated when the cells were either plated on surfaces coated with higher concentrations of laminin‐511 or treated with the integrin β1‐activating mAb TS2/16; however, neither treatment could rescue the reduced tyrosine phosphorylation. These results indicate that CD151 knockdown weakens the integrin α3β1‐mediated adhesion to laminin‐511 and thereby provokes an aberrant morphology, but this reduced adhesive activity is not involved in the decline of signaling events in CD151‐knocked‐down cells. Thus, our results suggest that CD151 regulates integrin α3β1 functions in two independent aspects: potentiation of integrin α3β1‐mediated cell adhesion and promotion of integrin α3β1‐stimulated signaling events involving tyrosine phosphorylation.


This article proposes a new social welfare measure based on Aristotle's theory of reciprocity. Unlike existing metrics of social welfare, the proposed Aristotelian social welfare function measures reciprocity in a society, that is, the degree to which members of a society cooperate to benefit each other. We provide numerical estimates of the welfare function using data from income distribution quintiles in the recent past for the U.S., Germany, Russia, Ukraine, and Iran. The numerical results show that, starting from different initial values, the U.S. and Germany have experienced declining social welfare, while Iran and Ukraine have experienced increasing social welfare. GDP per capita appears to be inversely correlated with social welfare in the U.S. and Germany. Europeans seem to enjoy higher social welfare than Americans. The article introduces its topic by advancing criticism that contemporary approaches to social welfare, such as the capabilities approaches, estimate a presumed welfare of individuals , rather than social welfare.


It was believed that the pH of concrete would affect
the workability. The effect of pH on the workability was
determined experimentally by adding chemical admixtures
to a cement mortar mix, measuring the pH and workability. pH was measured by a Beckman Glass Electrode pH
Meter equipped with a standard Calomel electrode and a
special type "42" glass electrode. The use of the type "42"
glass electrode made it possible to place the electrodes in
wet cement mortar without damage. The workability was determined by measuring the
penetration of a three inch diameter cylinder with a
hemispherical tip. This ball penetration measure of workability
has a linear relationship to that measured by the slump test. From these tests it was found that the pH has no effect
on the workability of cement mortar. The admixtures changed
both the pH and the workability, however, the variations in pH
and workability were independent of each other. It is believed
that the major factor which affects the workability of concrete
is the dispersing effect of the admixture on the cement.


In this paper, the author proved that the base change lifting associated to a totally ramified extension of a non-archimedean local field coincides with a map coming from the close fields theory of Kazhdan under some conditions. As a corollary, we can construct a base change lifting for an APF extension of a mixed characteristic local field.


The intrinsic emittance of electron beams generated from a multi-alkali photocathode operated in a high voltage DC gun is reported. The photocathode showed sensitivity extending to the infrared part of the spectrum up to 830 nm. The measured intrinsic emittances of electron beams generated with light having wavelength longer than 800 nm are approaching the limit imposed by the thermal energy of electrons at room temperature with quantum efficiencies comparable to metallic photocathodes used in operation of modern photoinjectors.