In the midst of an unrelenting AIDS epidemic attention is increasingly being paid to the prevention of HIV infection among the world's most vulnerable individuals: its newborns. In 2003 an alarming number of new HIV infections — about 700000 — occurred among children the vast majority of whom were infected by their mothers. Four main approaches to reducing such infections have been promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and its United Nations partners. To date funding for developing countries has primarily supported an approach of providing voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for HIV during pregnancy and then a short course of antiretroviral (ARV) drug therapy to HIV-infected pregnant women and their newborns. This is to prevent HIV transmission from mother to infant during delivery. Another approach is to provide care and support to women infants and families infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. But minimizing HIV-infected births will likely be best achieved through a combination of approaches that includes preventing unintended pregnancies among HIV-infected women and preventing HIV infection among reproductive- age women. (excerpt)


The syntheses of each of the four nearly optically pure stereoisomers of [[(5-heptadecyl-1,4-dioran-2-yl)-methyl]oxy]phosphocholine (2,3,2',3') were performed by two parallel divergent sequences. Phosphocholines 2 and 3 were prepared via the corresponding 5-heptadecyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-dioxanes 21 and 23, respectively, from the completely regiospecific mixed-hydride reductions of(1R,4S,5S)-4-heptadecyl-3,6,8-trioxabicyclo-[3.2.1]octane (19) and (1R,4R,5S)-4-heptadecyl-9,6,8-trioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (20), respectively. The two 4-heptadecyl-3,6,8-trioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes 19 and 20 were the two separable products from an intramolecular cyclization reaction. By a parallel divergent sequence from the enantiomeric starting material, 3-O-benzyl-sn-glycerol, the other two diastereomeric [[(5-heptadecyl-1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl]oxy]phosphocholine were prepared


U.S. corporate law is usually considered to be rooted in state common law, with securities regulation as its federal counterpart. The traditional law school curriculum mirrors this division. However, regulation and other responses to the new economic environment put pressure on these categories. This essay proposes one way to integrate responses to the financial crises into the way lawyers are trained: through a course in federal corporate law. The essay argues that federal corporate law is productively viewed more expansively, as not limited to securities regulation. Instead it encompasses a diverse and growing set of categories, including such hotly contested topics as federal regulation of executive compensation, federal criminal liability for corporations, and federal corporate charters. Moreover, a federal corporate law course makes a first cut at better aligning the traditional state common law focus of corporate law with the mix of corporate law sources encountered in practice.


Abstract "Take Back Your Time" (TBYT) is a movement founded by John De Graaf (2003) that exposes the issues of time poverty and overwork in the United States and Canada. This article features the process whereby undergraduate students study De Graaf's TBYT handbook, discuss its concepts, and organize a student-led TBYT "teach-in" for their college community. Primary learning objectives include (a) increasing students' awareness of the societal issues of time poverty and overwork, (b) increasing students' understanding of how overwork and time poverty can be addressed by recreation and leisure professionals, and (c) identifying ways to reverse the effects of time poverty and help people live healthier, more balanced lives. This learning activity would be suitable for courses in leisure education, program or event planning, current issues, or the foundations of the recreation and leisure profession.


The present research work carries out a study on the expenditure of the State in the so-called Spanish historical
constitutionalism. With an introductory character, it deals with the transcendence and historical significance of
Constitutionalism, as well as the main characteristics of the so-called Spanish historical Constitutionalism. For its
analysis, it starts with the Statute of Bayonne (Carta Otorgada) of 1808. Next, the State's expenses are studied in
the Spanish Charter of 1812, the Royal Statute of 1834, the Spanish Charter of 1837, the Spanish Charter of 1845,
the Draft Spanish Charter of 1856, the Spanish Charter of 1869, the Draft Federal Spanish Charter of 1873, the
Spanish Charter of 1876, the Draft Spanish Monarchy Charter of 1929 and, finally, the Spanish Charter of 1931.
With this scientific research we intend to address the transformations that the State's expenditures have undergone
in the so-called Spanish historical constitutionalism.


Everyone is a designer and has intrinsic knowledge and talent that can inform innovation. This is at the core of co-design practice and its unique ability to facilitate solutions. This presentation outlines 4 major projects built upon a foundation of co-design in which the researcher has collaborated with diverse teams working towards community-driven innovation and change. This includes the development of educational frameworks and systems, capacity building of community leaders, and transformative communication design. Distinct codesign models built upon both face-to-face workshops, long and short term collaborations, and the use of technology to facilitate codesign in new ways will be outlined to demonstrate the 'how' of co-designing. Projects discussed include co-designing with teachers in rural Queensland and across the state, an Australia-wide, institution-based collaboration focusing on Autism education, and two projects within India in isolated communities and with diverse stakeholders. Each project's unique and beneficial design outcomes will be outlined, along with the additional advantages that come in applying a co-design approach to address critical problems. Importantly, through an examination of these examples an understanding of the philosophy of co-design and its foundation of equity and belief in the power of creativity of the individual will also be highlighted and explored.


The reaction of Pd(OAc)(2) with the bis(phosphonium) salt [Ph(3)PCH(2)COCH(2)PPh(3)]Cl(2) (1:1 molar ratio) results in the formation of the cis-dichlorobis(ylide) derivative Cl(2)Pd{[C(H)PPh(3)](2)CO}, 1, in which the bis(ylide) ligand [C(H)PPh(3)](2)CO acts as a chelating group through the two ylide carbon atoms. Complex 1 reacts with TlClO(4) (1:1 molar ratio) to give [Pd(&mgr;-Cl){[C(H)PPh(3)](2)CO}](2)(ClO(4))(2), 2, which reacts with two further equivalents of TlClO(4) in NCMe to give [Pd{[C(H)PPh(3)](2)CO}(NCMe)(2)](ClO(4))(2) 3. The reactivity of 2 and 3 has been explored. Compound 2 reacts with pyridine, 3,5-lutidine, or Ph(3)P=C(H)CN (1:2 molar ratio), resulting in the rupture of the chlorine bridging system and formation of [PdCl{[C(H)PPh(3)](2)CO}(L)](ClO(4)) (L = py (4), 3,5-lu (5), NC-C(H)=PPh(3) (6)), and with Tlacac (1:2 molar ratio) with formation of the acetylacetonate [Pd(acac){[C(H)PPh(3)](2)CO}](ClO(4)), 7. On the other hand, complex 3 reacts with the ylide Ph(3)P=C(H)CN (1:2 molar ratio) giving [Pd{[C(H)PPh(3)](2)CO}[NC-C(H)=PPh(3)](2)](ClO(4))(2), 8, which contains two N-coordinated ylides, and with NBu(4)OH (1:1) to give [Pd(&mgr;-OH){[C(H)PPh(3)](2)CO}](2)(ClO(4))(2), 9. The reaction of Pd(OAc)(2) with the ylide phosphonium salt [Ph(3)P=C(H)COCH(2)PPh(3)](ClO(4)) (1:1) gives the acetate dimer [Pd(&mgr;-OOCCH(3)){[C(H)PPh(3)](2)CO}](2)(ClO(4))(2), 10. The structures of complexes 1-10 were deduced from their spectroscopic data and from the resolution of the molecular structure of complex 2.CH(2)Cl(2).


In this article Ishwar Dayal discusses the patterns of HRD management and identifies three different HRD approaches as practised in Indian organizations. These are: Man- Centered, Reciprocal, and Selective. Underlying each approach is a set of beliefs shared by top management. Policy formulation and HRD programmes in these organizations emanate from these philosophies. The author also analyses the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. According to Dayal, HRD is a shared belief by management in the development of individuals and involves a strategy of linking organization development with individual growth. The author also raises some relevant issues concerning the future of HRD in Indian organizations.


In recent years, of particular relevance in Pediatrics is the problem deficient States caused by a deficiency of essential trace elements (DOE) in the body of the child. At the same time the risk to health associated with an inadequate intake of MAE in pregnant women, it is real, seriously threatening the health of newborn infants and contributes to the violation of the processes of early neonatal adaptation. The infant adaptation to new conditions of existence is accompanied by voltage homeostasis, especially in the first hours and days of life. Metabolic changes are usually asymptomatic and only when certain conditions are compounded and affect a newborn's condition. Such conditions can be created by deficiency, excess, or imbalance in the body of the newborn. In addition, the content of essential DOE in the body of the newborn was largely a reflection of the metabolic processes of adaptation of children to extrauterine life. However, many mechanisms of this system and the implementation of adaptation processes in newborns up to the present time have not been studied.


The Scientific Outlook on Development points out the direction for the cadre work in the new century,and puts higher demand and newer tasks on the construction of cadre staff.In selecting proper personnel,the following standards should be taken into consideration:a strong urge for improvement politically,good morality,profound knowledge,excellent performance and mass support.Only in this way can we ensure the justice and proper use of cadres to back up socialist modernization.


A description of current theoretical work on the loose and perhaps ultimately mythical concept of the public interest, sug gesting the need for new logical models that can be matched to administrative and judicial behavior.


Injury requiring management of major haemorrhage in paediatric trauma (called 'code red' at our institution) can result in critically injured children with high injury severity scores (ISS) and mortality. The rise in penetrating trauma in younger adolescents has led to an increase in major haemorrhage activations in injured children at this trauma centre. Criteria used to define a paediatric code red, at our institution, is non-compressible haemorrhage, obvious signs of bleeding, clinical signs of shock and/or cardiac arrest at scene.


A 77-year-old farmer presented with a 3-month history of progressive dyspnea. His symptoms started with anorexia, malaise, fever, and dry cough. He was initially treated with azithromycin and a short course of oral corticosteroids for COPD exacerbation. Two days after finishing the treatment, his symptoms progressed, and he was admitted to a local hospital with respiratory distress, altered mental status, hypotension, and abnormal chest radiograph findings. Bronchoscopy showed normal airways, and the BAL fluid sample revealed lymphocytosis with negative culture results. The patient was treated with doxycycline, ceftriaxone, and corticosteroids for presumed hypersensitivity pneumonitis and showed some improvement. He was subsequently discharged from the hospital while receiving therapy with prednisone, 20 mg. Five days later, he was readmitted to the hospital with worsening malaise, fever, altered mental status, and severe respiratory distress that required mechanical ventilation. He was then transferred to our facility for further management. His medical history was significant for hypertension and diabetes. He was a lifelong nonsmoker and had worked his whole life as a farmer. He denied the use of alcohol or illegal drugs. The patient lived in Ohio, and no recent travels or contacts with sick persons were reported by the family. Physical Examination The patient arrived intubated and receiving mechanical ventilation. His temperature was 97.4°F, BP was 90/68 mm Hg, heart rate was 120 beats/min, respiratory rate was 22 breaths/min, and oxygen saturation was 98% with a fraction of inspired oxygen of 80%. The findings of examinations of the head, eyes, nose, and throat were unremarkable. His neck was supple with no lymphadenopathy. A chest examination revealed bilateral ronchi. The findings of a cardiovascular examination were significant only for tachycardia. His abdomen was soft, nontender, and there was no hepatosplenomegaly. There were no skin lesions or lower-extremity edema.


Reinventing Education is a module that ran for the first time at the University of Warwick in 2013/4. Offered through the university's Institute for Advanced Teaching and Learning (IATL), it provides students from any undergraduate degree with the opportunity to study in an innovative and interdisciplinary manner. In its first year, students from a wide range of subject areas—including Maths, Politics, Theatre Studies, Philosophy, English, Physics and Sociology—came together to explore questions about what education is and what it might be. The module began by introducing students to the ideas of children and young people... (Including work by students: Education for Sustainability by Charlotte Thomas and A Zombie Apocalypse by Alizee Moreau)


An expolysaccharide (EPS)-producing strain of the genus Acetobacter (named IFR 101) was isolated from a commercial vinegar acidifier. IFR 101 can be grown over the pH range 3.0-8.0 and the temperature range 12-35°C, and is ethanol-tolerant to 10% v/v. Neutral sugar analysis of the purified EPS indicates the presence of the sugars mannose, galactose and glucose. Methylation studies and NMR data suggest that the EPS may either be a complex branched polysaccharide or a mixture of simpler linear and branched structures. Aqueous preparations of IFR 101 exhibit reversible shear-thinning behaviour.


Objective To observe the protective effects of FDP on ischemia/ reperfusion(I/R) in rat brain. Methods Healthy 90 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups with 30 rats each: FDP(group F), I/R(group I) and sham (group C). Ischemia model in group I and F was established by closing two carotis for 5 min after two vertebralis were cut for 24 h. The rats' vertebralis weren't cat and carotis communis weren't closed, FDP 1.5 ml/kg was injected into ravenously when I/R began, sodium chloride 1.5ml-kg was injecteo into veins in group I and group C. The samples were taken at the points of 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after reperfusion and the expression of p38 and Ref-1 and numbers of apoptosis cells were measured with TUNEL.Results Apoptosis cells were less in group C than those in group I (P0.05), which were less in group F than those in group I (P0.05) Compared with group C, the expression of p38 and Ref-1 increased after reperfusion in group I(P0.05), which was less in group F than in guoup I (P0.05). Conclusion FDP has pretective effects on global I/R jnjury in rats. The mechanism might be related to a decrease in the expression of p38 and Ref-1 by participating in cell signal transduction.


The two most important areas for students in achieving the targeting goals in life are academic performance and emotion regulation. The important thing in the life of a student is to have strength and correct way to overcome the difficulties of the life with the current emotion regulation and correct attitude. Thus, the present study is to understand the correlation of academic performance and emotion regulation: A review of literature. Emotion regulation is all about how people modulate, organize and experience emotion, and how such management influence human behaviour.


THE subject that I have selected for discussion this evening is the problem of moral obligation, that is, in general terms, the question, Why are we bound to do what is right? as distinguished from the question, XWhat is the nature of right doing? Perhaps it may seem to some of you that such a question is somewhat too speculative, somewhat too remote from any practical bearing on the concrete problems of life, to be deserving of much consideration in such a society as yours. Indeed, even some speculative moralists have affected to treat the problem to which I refer with contempt. Referring to such questions as, Why should I do what is right? Why should I appreciate what is beautiful? Why should I want to know what is true? Mr. Bradley, who is certainly one of the subtlest of our philosophical thinkers, says that the only proper answer is, We do not know, and we do not care. I am doubtful, however, whether this can be quite the proper answer to any question about human aims and obligations. Still, I should like to try to disarm criticism at the outset by saying that it is not my object at present to discuss, in a purely speculative way, the correct answer to the question that I have suggested. I believe it would be more suitable for such a society as this, whose objects, as I understand them, are not purely theoretical, to consider the importance, from a practical point of view, of having some convictions with regard to the right way of answering this question. I intend, accordingly, to begin by indicating the way in which this question seems to arise in connection with some of the most urgent practical problems of our own time, then to proceed to refer to some of the answers that may be given to it and to explain, in a somewhat brief and summary fashion, the answer that seems to me the most correct one, and, finally, to point out the practical significance of the answer that is given. Recurring for a moment to the answer that is suggested by Mr. Bradley-we do not know, and we do not care-I should


Some commentators claim that white Americans put prejudice behind them when evaluating presidential candidates in 2008. Previous research on the question of white discrimination against black candidates has yielded mixed results, and suffers from such methodological limitations as hypothetical candidates, local samples of respondents, and racial attitude measures that fail to account for social desirability bias. Fortunately, the presidential candidacy of Barack Obama, combined with a methodological innovation in the measurement of racial stereotypes in the 2008 American National Election Studies, provides an unprecedented opportunity to examine more rigorously whether prejudice disadvantages black candidates. I find that negative stereotypes about blacks significantly eroded white support for Barack Obama; indeed, the effect of stereotypes may have been sufficient to cost Obama the popular vote among whites. Further, racial stereotypes do not predict support for previous presidential candidates or current prominent white Democrats, indicating that white voters punished Obama for his race rather than his party affiliation or policy platform. This finding indicates that white Americans have not put prejudice behind them after all.


Previous surveys have shown that most populations of Daphnia pulex in the Great Lakes watershed reproduce by obligate parthenogenesis. Cyclically parthenogenetic populations, in which there is sexual reproduction, are confined to only a few isolated areas. The present study assessed genetic variation within and among 11 cyclically parthenogenetic populations. The results for six polymorphic enzyme loci showed that variation within the populations conformed to that expected for populations with frequent sexual reproduction. Seven of the populations sampled in 1988 were previously sampled in either 1985 or 1986. Allele frequencies determined in 1988 were very similar for the same loci sampled in previous years, and there was no evidence for the invasion of these populations by obligate parthenogens during this period. There was no significant difference in the average heterozygosity among the 11 populations. Although significant heterogeneity in allele frequencies was detected among the 11 populations for a...


Introduction Undisplaced femoral neck fractures have been given little attention in the literature. By using data from the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register, this study investigates risk for reoperation and the clinical results, including pain, patient satisfaction, and quality of life, after undisplaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients. Material and Methods Data on 4,468 patients over 70 years of age with undisplaced femoral neck fractures operated with internal fixation (IF) were compared to 10,289 patients with displaced femoral neck fractures treated with IF (n = 3,389) or bipolar hemiarthroplasty (n = 6,900). The evaluation was based on number of reported reoperations and patients9 assessment (visual analogue scales concerning pain (0–100) and patient satisfaction (0–100), and quality of life (EQ-5D)) four and twelve months postoperatively. The patients were followed for 0–1 year. The Cox multiple regression model was used to construct adjusted survival curves. Subanalyses were performed on undisplaced femoral neck fractures to investigate different risk factors for reoperation. Results The survival rate of implants after one year was 89% after screw fixation for undisplaced fractures, 79% after screw fixation for displaced fractures, and 97% after hemiarthroplasty for displaced fractures (Kaplan Meier). Adjusted for age, sex, ASA-classification, and cognitive function the displaced fractures operated with internal fixation had higher risk of reoperation compared to the undisplaced fractures operated with internal fixation (RR 1.92, 95% CI: 1.69–2.17; p Discussion and Conclusion The clinical outcome after undisplaced femoral neck fractures treated with screw fixation was better than the results of screw fixation for displaced fractures, but poorer than the clinical results for patients with displaced femoral neck fractures operated with a bipolar hemiarthroplasty. However, the differences in clinical outcome were smaller than what is considered to be of clinical importance. One year postoperatively screw osteosynthesis of undisplaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients still seems to be a good alternative.


In the yearly report from the Swedish governmental agency The Ombudsman for Children, Bakom fasaden (2011), children and adolescents placed under government custody in so called HVB-homes (homes for treatment and living) gives voice to the fact that they are dissatisfied that opportunities to use the Internet are restricted. At the same time, Sweden is considered one of the countries in the world where Internet access in the general population is highest.

The aim of this study is to investigate the access to the Internet for these adolescents under governmental custody. My theoretical framework consists of the particular theory
of norms used within the discipline of the sociology of law, a theory that makes it possible to identify the professional norms that regulate Internet access in this particular context. In conclusion, I analyze these norms further within the framework of Michel Foucault's theory of power to answer the question pertaining to how these norms affect in relation to the adolescents' access to the Internet.

The study results show that the Internet accessibility of these adolescents are influenced by norms held by the staff, in particular norms that dictate that staff should limit the time spent online as well as controlling what they do when using the Internet. Inspired by Michel Foucault's theory of power, I focus on the contextual use of power taking place at these institutions, who's societal function is to offer treatment for children and
adolescents. The conclusion that I draw in this study is that the treatment of adolescents offered at the HVB-homes as of today are incompatible with free Internet access.


A HPLC method has been used for the determination of indome-thacin in plasma.After single dose of zinc-indomethacin capsules and suspen-sion in rabbits,plasma concentration-time curves corresponded to one compar-tment open model.The pharmacokinetic parameters of zinc-indomethacin capsulesand suspension were:C_(max)=2.1 and 2.4μg/ml;T_(max)=5.2 and 4.9h;k_a=0.29 and0.30h~(-1);k_e=0.12 and 0.13h~(-1);t(1/2a)=2.4 and 2.3h;t_(1/2)=5.6 and 5.5h;AUC=31.9and 36.1μg.h/ml,respectively.The bioavailability of the capsules relative tothe suspension was 88.9%.


An intermodulation RF-powered-tag uplink (UL) that exploits the rectifier third-order intermodulation (IM3) has been recently proposed. The key features for the IM3 ULs to outperform the conventional backscattering ULs are the frequency-division duplexing downlink/UL operation and the passive reuse. While the previously reported IM3 UL systems only transmit two-tone waveforms, this paper demonstrates that under a given transmitter (Tx) peak power and a given Tx average power, transmitting an optimized three-carrier Tx waveform can improve the IM3 UL power and the receiver signal-to-noise ratio without compromising the rectifier harvested dc power. The developed theory is based on power series analysis and is verified by nonlinear simulation and experimental results, which include two RF-powered reader-tag systems: The first one employs a custom designed ultra-high frequency (UHF) PCB rectenna and the second one uses a commercial Gen-2 UHF radio-frequency identification inlay.


The effect of electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance on the Jahn-Teller distortion of perovskaite type La1-xSrxMnO3 (LSMO) were examined. The samples were the polycrystalline specimens that are well grown the crystal in the axis, and prepared by the sintering process with the synthesis of powder oxides La2O3, SrCO3 and Mn2O3, respectively. It was proven by the measurement of XPS in respect of ge-orbit and t2g-orbit of the Mn3+ on the Jahn-Teller ion of LSMO crystal, and the difference of both energy levels had been 2 eV. The electrical resistivity of the samples becomes a minimum, when Sr composition ratio x are 0.2 and 0.5. This fact means that the hopping of the conduction electron becomes active due to relaxation of the Jahn-Teller distortion and transformation from the insulator phase to metallic phase on account of substituting the Sr ion for the part of the La ion in LaMnO3. It was proven to become a maximum by linking the magnetoresistance effect with the phenomenon, when electrical resistivity undergoes transition by the effect of Sr composition ratio.


This research is concerned with STEM activity making water purifier filter. The experiment class applies project-based learning, while the traditional class is taught using conventional teacher talk or explanation. This research used triangulation methods. The quantitative methods were applied to analyze student achievement tests according to creative thinking skills in making water filtration design. The qualitative method was applied using observation of student activity, presentations, and interviews for selected students. The student achievement test was analyzed and coupled with pretest and post-test quasi-experimental research. The collected data were analyzed using inferential statistics in the form of an independent sample t-test to express creative thinking skills. The result of the pre-test indicated the sig (2-tailed) of 0.965, with a significant value of 5% (p>0.05). This result indicated two classes were homogenous. The data analysis of the post-test indicated value of sig (2-tailed) 0.00 where p≤0.05, which implied the student achievement test on creative thinking skills criteria in the experimental class was better than that in the control class.


Abstract The aim of this article is to identify the factors affecting user perception of transfers in order to reduce the penalty associated with transfers. Policy makers can thus concentrate on the most relevant factors to achieve a more effective investment of public funds. We carried out an extensive review of the literature and identified a total of 45 factors. A qualitative study was then conducted in two Spanish cities, Vitoria and Madrid, consisting of various focus groups stratified by age. The results indicate that a combination of factors influence the perception of transfers. Time spent during transfers, both walking and waiting, is the main penalty associated with transfers. However, the provision of real-time passenger information helps reduce the perceived waiting time. Differences were found between cities and age groups. Two new factors were identified, mainly in Madrid: mental effort and activity disruption. We, therefore, advise policy makers to concentrate their efforts on providing real-time information to passengers, improving the frequency and reliability of services, and designing transfer areas to ensure continuity between transport modes and between information and communication systems.


: Taking the Carboniferous KT-I reservoirs in the NT Oilfield in the eastern margin of the Caspian Basin as a case, this paper studies the petrology and physical properties of carbonate reservoirs using core data. The carbonate reservoirs in the study area were deposited in the platform environment. The limestone deposited has experienced multiple stages of diagenetic alteration, among which the dolomitization played an important role in improving the reservoir quality. The dolomites in the study area are diverse in type and are characterized by the development of eight types of dolomites, including foraminifer dolomite, fuzulinid dolomite, bioclastic dolomite, micritic dolomite, micritic-powdery dolomite, powdery dolomite and lime dolomite, and karst breccia dolomite. Different types of dolomite have different characteristics observed on thin sections, and the physical properties vary too. Foraminifera, fuzulinid and bioclastic dolomites belong to grain dolomite with obvious biological characteristics, relatively high permeability and average permeability of more than 100mD. Micrite, micritic-powdery and powdery dolomites are crystalline dolomites which are composed of dolomite crystals arranged closely, and the average permeability is less than 35mD.


Classifying image regions into one of several pre-defined semantic categories is a typical image understanding problem. Different image regions and object types might have very similar color or texture characteristics making it difficult to categorize them. Without contextual information it is often impossible to find reasonable semantic labeling for outdoor images. In this paper, we combine an efficient SVM-based local classifier with the conditional random field framework to incorporate spatial contex information to the classification. The images are represented with powerful local texture features. Then a discriminative multiclass model for finding good labeling for the image is learned. The performance of the method was evaluated with two different datasets. The approach was also shown to be useful in more general image retrieval and annotation tasks based on classification.


The problem of random motion of 1D quantum reactive harmonic oscillator (QRHO) is formulated in terms of a wave functional regarded as a complex probability process in an extended space. In the complex stochastic differential equation (SDE) for this process the variables are separated with the help of the Langevin-type model SDE introduced in the functional space. The complete positive Fokker-Plank measure of the functional space is obtained. The average wave function of roaming QRHO is obtained by means of functional integration over the process with the complete Fokker-Plank measure in the functional space. The local and averaged transition matrices of roaming QRHO were constructed. The thermodynamics of nonrelativistic vacuum is investigated in detail and expressions for the internal energy, Helmholtzian energy and entropy are obtained. The oscillator's ground state energy, its shift and broadening are calculated.


Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) decreases the morbidity in psychiatric illnesses, reduces drug requirement during maintenance, which leads to improvement in quality of life (QOL) in a shorter duration of time. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of ECT and its impact on the QOL in patients suffering from affective disorders and schizophrenia treated with ECT and pharmacotherapy compared to patients treated with pharmacotherapy alone. Materials and Methods: Thirty consecutive patients diagnosed as per ICD 10 DCR criteria suffering from affective disorder or schizophrenia admitted to the psychiatric ward of a tertiary care hospital needing ECT were compared with equal number of age, sex, and diagnosis matched patients treated by medication alone. All patients gave informed consent. Pro forma containing demographic and clinical details was recorded. Positive and negative syndrome scale, Beck's Depression Inventory II, and short form-36 (SF-36) were applied to all the individuals at the time of admission, 3 months' and 6 months' post-ECT. Results: The ECT group showed a significant improvement in severity and QOL at 3 months' follow up (P < 0.0001), followed by a steady continuation in improvement at 6 months as compared to the non-ECT group, which showed very steady improvement throughout the 6 months (P < 0.0001). Henceforth, a rapid improvement in the severity was found to be associated with the ECT group. Both the domains of QOL, i.e., SF-36 physical component summary and mental component summary were dependent on the severity of illness. Improvement in the severity led to a betterment in the QOL scores in all the patients. Conclusion: ECT along with psychotropic medications gives better results in terms of reducing the severity of the disease. Along with reducing the severity, it also helps the patient to achieve a better QOL.


The low-level flow near steep coastal terrain is often complex and can be quite intense. This is particularly the case for the Gulf of Alaska, where frequent, landfalling storms, local terrain, and cold, Arctic air from interior Alaska interact to produce strong coastal winds to near hurricane force at times. Specific phenomena that produce these winds include gap flows, barrier jets, and the interaction between them. The resulting locally severe winds clearly pose a significant hazard to the marine and general aviation interests in coastal Alaska but unfortunately there are limited observations in the coastal zone to now-cast such winds.


The motion of the hovercraft platform in microfine layer of broken ice is considered. The solution of the plane problem on the interaction of a plane contour composed of the surface of the flexible protection with broken ice is given. The analytical data for the constituents of the medium resistance while the platform moving are obtained. The special experiments with a platform model in the pool covered with a layer of polyethylene granules, simulating finely broken ice, are described. The curves of resistance are shown. The model tests and the results of calculations showed satisfactory convergence of the results.


A low-cost on-paper sensor based on 5,10,15-tritolylcorrolatocobalt(III) triphenylphosphine, CoTTCorr(PPh3), was developed for cyanide detection in aqueous solutions. The sensor was coupled to a sm...


A resonance technique and a device for the detection of current- and magneto-conducting objects in dielectric, semiconductor and biological media are presented. The suggested technique may be used for medical applications to indicate foreign objects in human body.


Abstract The White-nosed coati or tejon, Nasua narica, is relatively common within terrestrial mammal communities though little information on its population ecology has been gathered in certain regions. This study evaluates the band size, activity pattern and occupancy of N. narica at Los Chimalapas, in the eastern region of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, a biodiverse region. It is expected that band size will be greater and activity time will differ from that of predators. Camera traps were used to record the species (2011–2013) in a rainforest at Southeastern Mexico. Band size and activity pattern were calculated based on photographic records. Activity pattern was compared between seasons and with that of predators. The spatial distribution of activity, as well as relationship to the proximity of water, populated areas, crops and the presence of predators, was evaluated with occupancy models. Average band size was 9.03±0.52 individuals. As expected, N. narica presented principally diurnal activity and its activity patterns did not differ seasonally, but differed significantly from those of its predators. The occupancy probability of N. narica was 0.66 and the detection probability was higher in proximity to the nearby village. The population of N. narica at Los Chimalapas may be considered similar to other regions, particularly the band size; predator activity patterns may be an important factor in the activity of N. narica, but not in its occupancy.


During the COVID-19, online teaching has been the main teaching manner nationwide and worldwide. The present study aims to analyze the influencing factor of online learning, which is to realize by referring to the author's own experience and the relevant literature. It has found that the teaching subject, teaching environment, teaching resources, and teaching activities are the influencing factors and the keys to designing the syllabus.


There are strong pressures to provide preventive care in the family physician's office, and the recent recommendation statement from the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care on screening for depression in primary care provides yet another set of recommendations to be added to the others.[1


This study aimed to evaluate the effect of uneventful phacoemulsification on central macular thickness (CMT) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of macula and its correlation with effective phacoemulsification time (EFT) in healthy eyes. A prospective interventional, non-comparative study of 30 eyes of 28 patients who underwent uneventful cataract extraction at Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza Egypt between April 2015 and April 2016. The main outcome measures were EFT, pre and 1 month post-operative CMT, Best-corrected visual acuity. Results revealed that thirty eyes of 28 patients (16 males and 12 females) were included in the study with mean age of 58.57 ± 5.13 years (range: 48 – 70 years). Central macular thickness (CMT) changed from 260.40 ± 19.09 μm preoperatively (Range = 214 – 310 μm) to 279.00 ± 59.80 μm postoperatively (Range = 214 – 572 μm) with a statistically significant CMT change (p = 0.043). Effective phacoemulsification time was 5.64 ± 1.24 sec (range = 3.8 – 8.7 sec) A positive correlation was inferred between CMT change and EPT (p = 0.009). In conclusion, the risk of increased macular thickness is correlated strongly with the effective phacoemulsification time to remove the cataractous lens in uncomplicated phacoemulsification of healthy eyes.


Nowadays with the rapid development of new technologies,digestive system endoscopy has been proven to be an effective device for treatment,rather than just a diagnostic tool.Such development plays a revolutionary role in diagnosis and treatment for digestive diseases.The invention of new endoscopic techniques,such as chromoendoscopy、magnifying endoscopy,fluorescence endoscopy,enables us to have further understanding of digestive diseases.The wide application of endoscopic interventions has provided safer,less invasive and cost-effective treatment.In this paper,we review the recent advances of endoscopic diagnosis and therapy for digestive diseases.


The eigenvalue equation intervenes in models of infectious disease propa- gation and could be used as an ally of vaccination campaigns in the actions carried out by health care organizations. The epidemiological modeling tech- niques can be considered by analogy, as computer viral propagation which depends only on the underlying graph status at a given time. We point out pagerank as method to study the epidemic spread and consider its calculation in the context of small-world phenomenon. Basing on Baraba si-Albert power law graphs, we adapt the model to make the matrix involved have a large and sparse structure, so that numerical methods based on matrix-vector prod- ucts could be employed. We propose to use the implicitly restarted Arnoldi method and introduce its adapted parallel algorithm for the case of very large social graphs.


In the current study, a new class of an infinite system of two distinct fractional orders with p-Laplacian operator is presented. Our mathematical model is introduced with the Caputo–Katugampola fractional derivative which is considered a generalization to the Caputo and Hadamard fractional derivatives. In a new sequence space associated with a tempered sequence and the sequence space c0 (the space of convergent sequences to zero), a suitable new Hausdorff measure of noncompactness form is provided. This formula is applied to discuss the existence of a solution to our infinite system through applying Darbo's theorem which extends both the classical Banach contraction principle and the Schauder fixed point theorem.


Variation of activated sludge was researched in the treatment process of aerobic microorganism in slaughter wastewater.During the operating and running treatment system of aerobic microorganism in slaughter wastewater,the characteristics of activated sludge,variation of microorganism and effectiveness of wastewater treatment had been explored in the two stages.In the early start stage of the reactor,the sludge was presenting in loose cotton wool;coccus became the main microorganism and wastewater treatment efficiency was below 40%.On the forth day,small particles of sludge became formation.On the 7th day,activated sludge had riped;the color was brown;the formation was spherical and in regular shape and in a diameter of about 1.1-2.4mm.Bacillus becomed the main microorganism and along with yeast and mould.At this time,wastewater treatment efficiency had showed removal rate of 75% of CODcr and in a stabilized status.When reaching the continuous water of the operation stage,granular sludge showed no changes in shape and size,and its surface showed slightly smooth,and the color became light yellow.Bacteria was still main microorganism and accounting for 90%,and yeast accounting for 7% and mould 2%,and the others were the filamentous microorganisms,and mostly bacteria was still G+ bacillus,and other protozoa,such as a small amount of ciliates appear in the late stage.The water quality indicators of treated wastewater were in stable quality,and the removal rates were CODcr≥90%,TP≥89% and TN≥60%.The bacteria is dominant microflora in the treatment system of slaughter wastewater,G+ bacillus account for a larger proportion,and a small amount of yeast and mould.


This study is aimed to know the model of GROW ME for developing the children friendly school.This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 3 Majalengka Majalengka Regency on February 2, 2018 until May 30, 2018. The research method used was  school action research consisting of two cycles and each cycle consisted of four activities, namely: planning, action, observation and reflection. Data was collected using a sheet of instrument monitoring the evaluation of child friendly school to obtain a picture of the achievement of the development of child friendly schools. Data analysis to obtain a picture of the achievement of the development of chil -friendly schools with a percentage value. Based on the results of quantitative analysis: First, the planning dimension obtained an average cycle of 80% (good category) and cycle 2 of 90% (very good category). Second, the action  dimension obtained an average of 1 cycle 80.82% (good category) and cycle 2 90% (very good category). This shows that there are significant differences in the increase of child-friendly school in both the planning and action dimensions in Cycle 1 and Cycle 2.


Apatite compounds has wide applications in the medical and non-medical field and are very stable compounds .Different compounds of apatite were prepared and identified such as a that of calcium hydroxyapatite, Strontium Fluorapatite compound and Strontium –Calcium hydroxyapatite compound . All these compounds were identified by Infrared spectroscopy and X-rays, which confirmed the presence of the prepared compounds. The release of a indomethacin drug in a laboratory in the prepared compounds were studied. Porosity tablets of the compounds were prepared using the material (Micro Crystalline Cellulose) as a porous. then removed the used cellulose material as a porous by heating in oven at 600 C° for two hours. These tablets was examined using scanning electronic microscope (SEM) which shows the presence of different porous sizes in the prepared tablets . keywords — Apatite ,drug delivery , hydroxyapatite , flourapatite , x-ray , micro crystalline cellulose , SEM, . ——————————  ——————————


In this paper, we show a free-standing highly ion-conducting ionic liquid (IL)-polymer electrolyte, Tetra-PEG ion gel, prepared by incorporating imidazolium-based ILs into very much lower concentration (3–6 wt%) of tetra-arm poly(ethylene glycol), Tetra-PEG. The ionic conductivities of the free-standing Tetra-PEG ion gels were nearly equal to those of pure ILs, indicating a realization of liquid-like conductivity in a solid-state material. The Tetra-PEG ion gels showed advanced mechanical properties demonstrated by the results of compression and stretching tests.


The tandemly linked plpK"'MTSl and pl!i"*/MTS2genes on chromosome 9, band p21 encode proteins that function as specific inhibitors of the cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. This locus undergoes frequent bi-allelic deletion in human cancer cell lines, suggesting that the encoded proteins may function as tumor suppressors. However, more recent analysis of primary tumor samples has shown a much lower frequency of abnormalities affecting this region, raising doubt over the importance of these proteins in human malignancies. Hemizygous deletions and rearrangements of chromosome 9, band p21, are among the most frequent cytogenetic abnormalities detected in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), occurring in approximately 10% of cases. To determine if the p l f l& /p le * locus might be the target of these chromosomal lesions, we analyzed both genes in primary clinical samples from 43 pediatric ALL patients using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization, Southern blot analysis, and the polymerase chain reaction. Deletions of plF&/plF* were identified in 18 of 20 cases


Objective Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is an emergency of cardio-vascular system.streptokinase(SK) and urokinase(UK) are widely used in the treatment for AMI.The aim of our research is to compare the effects of SK and UK on platelet and vascular function and plasma renin activity(PRA),angiotensin(Ang Ⅱ)in two groups.Methods 45 patients with AMI were enrolled in this study.14 patients received UK thrombolytic therapy,16 patients received SK.15 cases were treated with conservative therapy.Blood samples were collected from all patients at admission and 24 hours after the onset of symptoms and 7 days later.Thromboxe B 2(TXB 2),6-keto-prostaglandin F la (6-keto-PGF la ),PRA and Ang Ⅱ in the samples were measured by radio immunology assay(RIA).Results The levels of TXB 2 were increased after AMI,SK and UK induced a similar increase in platelet activity which was stronger after UK intravenous thrombolysis.There was no change in 6-keto-PGF la in three groups.The ratio of TXB 2/6-keto-PGF la was elevated.PRA and Ang Ⅱ had no significanty compared with control group.Conclusion Thrombolysis therapy can lead to platelet activation which,at least in part,can be contributed to thrombolytic therapy itself. UK induce a stronger increase than SK.Platelet activation may limit the therapeutic effect of introvenous thrombolysis in AMI.We should enhance antiplatelet therapy while using UK and SK for treatment of AMI. [


Objective To observe the influence of sodium ferulate(SF)on proliferation and apoptosis of human proximal tubular epithelial cells(HKCs)induced by high glucose.Methods The renal tubular epithelial cells in logarithmic growth phase were divided into control group,high glucose group and high glucose plus SF group.The cell proliferation ability was measured by MTT assay.The culture solution concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)were measured to evaluate cell injury.The culture solution of malondiadehycle(MDA)levels and superoxidedismutase(SOD) activities were measured to assess oxidative stress,and cell apoptosis were detected with Hoechst 33258.Results MTT absorbance(OD value)of high glucose group was decreased significantly along with the culture time compared with control group.The OD value of high glucose plus SF group was reduced significantly compared with high glucose group(P0.05).With the prolongation of culture time,the culture solution concentration of LDH was increased significantly and were(17.55± 2.45)and(28.72±3.11)U/L at 12 and 24 hours respectively.LDH levels were reduced to(11.84±2.18)and(19.98± 3.67)U/L at 12 and24 hours in high glucose plus SF group(P0.05).The culture solution of MDA levels were higher(P 0.01),the SOD activities were significantly reduced(P0.01)in high glucose group than that in control group.The MDA levels were significantly reduced(P0.01)and SOD activities were significantly increased(P0.05 or 0.01)in high glucose plus SF group.Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining revealed that the nucleus crimpled,crescent liked and chromatin condensed,even disintegrated.The apoptosis rate of high glucose group(34.17%) was higher than that in the control group(5.20%)and high glucose plus SF group(7.39%,P 0.01).Conclusion High glucose can induce HKC injury and apoptosis,and inhibit its proliferation.The protective of SF may be correlated with its effects to inhibit damage and apoptosis,and improve the proliferation ability of HKC.


In the context of discussion on Philosophy lessons in high school education, this research seeks to understand the relationship between the development of spontaneous and philosophical concepts in teaching activities. The study analyzes philosophy lessons with fourth year students of a course in Information


The comparative kinetic investigation of the hydrolysis of p nitrophenyl picolinate(PNPP)and p nitrophenyl acetate(PNPA)catalyzed by the tetracoordinate macrocyclic Schiff base complex of Co? (1) in Brij35 micellar system at 30℃ is reported. The results indicate that 1 catalyzed hydrolysis of PNPP and PNPA is acid base catalytic process and the active species is metal bound hydroxide ion, i.e.,CoL OH-. 1 promoted hydrolysis of PNPP proceeds much faster than that of PNPA. At pH 7.40, the apparent second order rate constants kc for hydrolysis of PNPP and PNPA are 0.997 mol-1·L·s-1 and 1.12×10-3mol-1·L·s-1, respectively. The difference of hydrolytic rate may be attributed to the difference of hydrolytic mechanisms by which the PNPP and PNPA operate. The results also reveal that the hydrolysis of PNPP and PNPA are inhibited by Brij35 micelle. The reasons are discussed in detail.


Clam(Paphia undulata) meat was enzymolyzed and the hydolysate obtained was separated into 3 fractions by Sephadex G-25 column chromatography.The principle of gel filtration chromatography demonstrated that the last fraction eluted from Sephadex G-25 had low molecular weight, which was estimated to be 753.58 D by Sephadex G-25 column chromatography and 679.4 D by RP-HPLC-MS.


This paper explains systematically the basic content and elements of "the all-dimensional integration educational pattern", summarizes the basis and operation of the institute-enterprise integration of advanced vocational institutes and expounds the development course, operation process and the final effect of this pattern practiced by Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology.


A numerical comparison is made between the Heelan approximation and an exact (full-field) solution for the radiation of seismic waves at a distance r , produced by a short cylindrical charge in a dry borehole of radius a . The explosive source model is based on direct pressure measurements within the blast hole, and its spectral output classified by a mean frequency ωA . To generalize comparisons, this source model is incorporated within a scale-independent treatment of the Heelan and full-field solutions. If α is the material P-wave velocity, then a mean dimensionless source frequency may be defined by ΩA =a ωA ∕α . For sufficiently large r∕a , the Heelan solution is a valid far-field approximation only, provided ΩA 5 (approximately), which implies that the Heelan solution is never valid if r∕a 0.1 , the Heelan solution significantly overestimates the true seismic motion, irrespect...


This paper provides a review of the literature that documents technology mentoring models used in higher education and K-12 schools. Various mentoring models from teacher education programs and K-12 schools are described. After summarizing the mentoring models, a description of commonalties found among these mentoring programs are shared. Despite the variety of technology mentoring models, effective programs include common elements. These elements include providing visions for technology use, individualizing technology support, breaking down hierarchical structure, establishing collaborative relationships, establishing learning communities, and providing mutual benefits for mentors and mentees. Introduction The effectiveness of technology in school settings relies on how successfully teachers integrate technology with their educational purposes and curricula (MacArthur & Malouf, 1991 ; Means & Olson, 1997). In the 21st century, emphasis on technology has increased and the demand for technologically literate teachers has been on the rise as well (Ely, Blair, Lichvar, Tyksinski, & Martinez, 1996). To adequately prepare teachers, teacher preparation institutions need to equip faculty so they can effectively model technology use and integration strategies in their courses (Munday, Windham, & Stamper, 1991; Zehr, 1997). 1 Reprinted with permission of Journal of Computing in Teacher Education, 2003, 19(4), 101-106. 2 Graduate student, primary researcher and author, Center for Technology in Learning and Teaching, Iowa State University. Director, Center for Technology in Learning and Teaching, Iowa State University. Associate Director, Center for Technology in Learning and Teaching, Iowa State University.


Ural Federal University identifies project teaching as one of its priority areas. Thus, interdisciplinary projects are of particular significance, as graduates of universities should be prepared for the implementation of various projects, including international ones, in different scientific fields in a team with specialists from subject areas. Therefore, there is a need to create a specialized textbook that meets objectives of teaching and requirements of the students, teachers of foreign languages, and the heads of Bachelor and Master curriculums. We carried out theoretical researches of the principles of creating modern textbooks for university students. These principles of forming competences, conscientiousness and activity are determined as the priority ones. The didactic requirements for a contemporary textbook which include adequate correspondence of pedagogical process to the demands of modern life, purposefulness of education, reliance on a student and motivation are proposed in the article. We consider the use of computer science studies, information and communication technologies in the educational process at higher educational establishments as one of the essential requirements. We describe in detail the textbook How to Master Scientific Skills in English elaborated for academic research work in foreign language teaching at universities. This textbook is aimed at the formation and development of all types of speech activities (reading, speaking, writing and listening) in a foreign language and the foreign language communicative research competence in the sphere of the future career through the implementation of a project work in various fields. The results of the research include the testing assessment of the textbook with the students of the Institute of Radio Electronics and Information Technologies, who basically study Computer Science, at Ural Federal University and surveys of the teachers and students.


Objective: In order to study the effects of modified Zuoguiyin(ZGY) on serum endothelin(ET),nitricoxide(NO) and erythrocyte deformability(ED) in coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods: The serum ET,NO concent and erythrocyte filtration(IF) were measured in the patients with CHD before and after treatment by using modified Zuoguiyin.Results: The serum NO concent in the patients with CHD was much lower than that of the control(P0.01),the serum ET concent and erythrocyte IF were much higher than those of control(P0.01).After treatment with ZGY the serum NO concent in the patients with CHD was significantly higher than that of the group before treatment(P0.01),the serum ET concent and erythrocyte IF were much lower,as compared with the group before treatment(P0.01).Conclusion: ZGY can protect the vascular endothel cells and enchance ED.


Abstract Proceeding from a distinction between ›poetry‹ and ›lyric‹, the present article outlines a prototype theory of the lyric as transhistorical mode. As such the lyric prototype cannot be defined by means of empirical tests, but is a theoretical construct that presupposes the knowledge of highly diverse discursive systems and traditions and the recourse to interpretative-hermeneutic methods for its validity. The model of the prototypical lyric the article proposes is based on four interdependent components: (1) a speech situation characterised by an I-here-now deixis; (2) a represented situation which comes into being in and through the simultaneous speech act based on an identical deixis; (3) a fiction of performativity whose performative character results from the simultaneity and coincidence of speech situation and represented situation, and whose fictionality is based on the fact that the relation of simultaneity is text-internal, thus ›staged‹, and does not conform to the communicative situation between producer and recipient; and finally (4) a lack of, or an asymmetry in, the relationship between speaker and addressee, in as far as the speaker has the ›licence‹ to either perform a locutionary act directly and without any explicit motivation or addressee, or to explicitly address recipients. Unlike in normal face-to-face communication, however, these recipients cannot turn into speakers themselves. At best, they can function as quoted speakers, who are introduced by the ›speaker proper‹, and whose utterances assume the form of mere reported speech.


In this communication we intend to present a digital resource the aim of which is to give aid to teachers to use research problems in their classes; in a first part we are going to present the theoretical framework which was used by the team in the conception of the resource and the consequences on its model; we will present the results of a study dealing with the role and the impact of the resource used by teachers preparing lessons.


The Regulation Fair Disclosure of 1999 (FD) intends to promote the full and fair disclosure of price information and further prevent insider trading. As a result, the public investors are expected to be empowered with more quality and relevant information. This study examines a behavioral shift in investor reaction to quarterly earnings announcements after the passage of the FD due to the expected improvement in information asymmetry. The empirical findings suggest that investors show a behavioral shift after the FD in response to biased earnings forecasts. Investors become more active in that they place a discount on optimistic earnings forecasts during the earnings announcement period. It is less obvious that they place a premium on pessimistic forecasts. Another coherent finding is that investors attempt to correct for the announcement-period mis-adjustments during the post-announcement period.


The relationship between mother perceived educational styles and high risk behaviors
in students of university of Tehran

H. Bahrami Ehsan, Ph.D. 
M.N. Miri, M.A.
K. Azizi

High Risk behaviors, is One of the most important challenges in health of a society. Family affects the characteristics of its members in different ways. Parental perceived educational styles as parent-children relational characteristics is one of factors that influencing children's characteristics. The aim of the present research was to consider the relationship between mother perceived educational styles and high risk behaviors. The research samples contain 182 students of Tehran University (93 male and 89 female) with average age of 21 in 2009-2010, and were students of

graduate and postgraduate courses whom were selected by culture multi-stage random sampling method. Risky behavior questionnaire (2007 version) perception of parental scale (POPS) scale was applied to collect required information. Step by step Regression analysis showed that the mother Protection variable is highly effective in prediction of behaviors such as: challenge (R2 = 0.033, p > 0.008), drug abuse (R2 = 0.037, p>0.009), and mother warmth variable is highly effective in prediction of suicide behavior (R2 = 0.083, p > 0.000). The findings of the research reveal that perceived educational styles as a effectiveness factor in high risk behaviors in student also family communications had important effect in risk taking behaviors.
Keywords: perceived educational styles, high risk behaviors, family communications.
Contact Information: email@example.com


Abstract This paper draws attention to a knowledge gap in leadership models regarding bullying, particularly cyberbullying, an emergent form of student harassment. Given that parents are suing schools for failing to protect victims of bullying, educators need guidance in addressing harassment and discriminatory discourse in popular youth culture. The focus is on three important considerations: (1) the need to avoid criminalizing children and adolescents; (2) the need to clarify educators' legal obligations to protect students from psychological harm; and (3) the need to delimit educators' legal obligations to sustain school environments that reduce bullying and create equal opportunities for learning. Improved law-related courses, grounded in compatible theories on leadership, social justice, and ethics of care, are recommended for education students. Educators who take courses in these disciplines show great promise in helping schools navigate the unprecedented dilemmas of technology and pluralism through ethical and legally defensible alternatives.


Introduction of Green Revolution in India since 1966–67, considerable changes have been taken place in growth pattern of oilseed and cash crops in the state of Uttar Pradesh. An attempt has been made to examine the relative changes in the levels of area, production and yield per hectare of the selected crops: such as oilseed crops (soyabean, groundnut, til and mustard) and cash crops (potatoes and sugercane) in each of the 70 districts. Least-square Growth Rate (Linear Regression) technique is a modified form of linear growth rate which applied in order to assess the increase or decrease or static position in area, production and yield of crops belonging to above categories of crops for each district of the state. The aim of the proposed work is to examine the growth pattern that has brought changes in the agriculture of the state of Uttar Pradesh.


Congenital dislocation of the knee is a very rarely encountered deformity, 5 cases treated in our clinic between 1965-1980 have been evaluated under the light of literature. It has been concluded that Ombredanne-Basert method in surgical treatment is preferable to the other procedures due to the fact that it is applicable.


The purpose of this study was to find out the fishing traditions carried out by women on Ndao Island, and to analyse the pedagogical-sociological values contained in these fishing traditions that need to be passed on to the next generation. The results obtained from this study are that there are a number of fishing traditions carried out by women on Ndao Island, namely Dja'i, Lege tatohi, Hèb'bi, Pasèra, and Bhabho. From this tradition there are a number of pedagogical and sociological values obtained and need to be passed on to future generations, namely: 1). Men learn to appreciate women's work, 2). The equipment used to catch fish are kalera and kanaca, and these two tools are used as a symbol of marriage. 3). People are taught to be patient and diligent in doing a job. 4). The community learns from the Ndao women to always work together in doing a job. 5). Learn to share results as a form of embodiment of love for others.


We worked toward development of a low bit-rate encoding algorithm and a low-complexity encoding algorithm for G.718/G.718-SWB, a new standard of International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T). Many key technologies including Band-Selective Shape-Gain Coding (BS-SGC) were developed for the standard. BS-SGC can encode the audio signal efficiently at a low bit-rate. Great improvement was confirmed by official subjective testing. Furthermore, our low-complexity technologies can reduce the computational complexity substantially with no quality degradation of the output signal. They were adopted as featured components of G.718/G.718-SWB, which were approved, respectively, in June 2008 (G.718) and in March 2010 (G.718-SWB).


Background and objectives: Shift work is used in the hospitals and residential treatment centres to provide patients with continuous health care. During their night shift, nurses are often faced with different health problems either due to the stressful work environment or because of the sophisticated instruments to be utilized in intensive care units. The present study was aimed at investigating the lived experience of nurses working on the night shifts at Rizgary Teaching Hospital located in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted to describe the lived experiences of nurses working on night shifts. In doing so and in order to collect the required data, open-ended semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out to explore thoughts, feelings, and lived experiences of 15 nurses who were working on the night shifts in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil. The collected data were then analyzed by Van Manen's (1990) method. Results: Study participants were between 26 and 38 years old. The majority were male (60%) and 40% were female. Regarding marital status, 10 participants were married and 5 were single. Most of the nurses had Bachelor degrees (86.6%). The respondents work experience was between 3 and 8 years. Almost all of the participating nurses had similar lived experiences during their night shifts. The nurses' lived experiences gave way to the emergence of four themes namely workload, psychosocial issues, sleep disturbance and physiological issues. Conclusion: The present study showed that nurses working on night shifts faced many problems and issues such as poor sleep quality sleep, working for a long time, fatigue and anxiety, back pain, mood disturbance and lack of concentration.


In Polnad are 35 product in the list 'Geographical indications and traditional specialities in the European Union'. One of them is Kołocz Śląski is a traditional, regional baking product derived from Silesia in Poland. It is a ritual product , which is present during all major. It comes in four flavors: with poppy-seed, cheese, apple sauce or without filling. It is baked with yeast dough then the filling is added (or not) and crumble. The study was conducted with a survey among all producers who are associated in the Consortium of Kołocz Śląski Producers. The association was founded in mid-2007 in order to obtain a certificate of Protected Geographical Indication in the European Union. The certificate ensures a legal form of protection so that no other producer from outside can sell the product under the name Kolocz Sląski. The official granting of the certificate took place in the year 2011. To this day Kołocz Śląski has been the only regional product in the EU from Opolskie region. Despite extensive advertising the majority of production is sold on the local market, which is deeply rooted in the tradition of eating Kołocz. The study analyzed the increase in production in year 2004-2013. The aim is to demonstrate the relevance of product certification.


Abstract Faced with the possible censoring of the film adaptation of ʿImarat Yaʿqubyan, the book's author, ʿAlaʾ al-Aswani, responded, "Why aren't Italy, France, or the United States defamed by movies dealing with homosexuality?" Implicit in his defensive question is a perceived distinction between First World gay rights and social conservatism in the Third World. My paper considers this conventional coupling of gay rights and civilizational discourse in the global reception of ʿImarat Yaʿqubyan. Against the author's remarks, I argue that the story is remarkable for staging an interplay between the putatively opposed characters of Hatim Rashid, an openly gay newspaper editor, and Taha al-Shazli, a young man lured into a terrorist group. By uniting these two characters along parallel tracks, ʿImarat Yaʿqubyan queerly couples the seemingly antagonistic forces endemic to the civilizational discourse of gay rights and offers us a means for imagining new constellations of queer politics.


[1] Subsurface pressure sensors were used to make measurements of surface waves during 18 deployments in southern Lake Michigan between 1998 and 2000. Most of the observations were made during the unstratified period (November–May) in water depths between 10 and 55 m. The observations (as well as those obtained from the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy 45007, which is located in the middle of the southern basin of the lake) were compared to the results obtained from the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL)-Donelan wave model implemented on a 2-km grid. The results show that the wave model does a good job of calculating the wave heights, but consistently underestimates the wave periods. In over 80% of the cases the bottom stresses calculated from both the observations and the wave model results agree as to whether or not resuspension occurs, but over 70% of this agreement is for cases when resuspension does not occur; both stresses predict resuspension about 6% of the time. Since the bottom stresses calculated from the model results are usually lower than those calculated from the observations, resuspension estimates based on the wave model parameters are also lower than those calculated from the observed waves.


Recent television receivers have improved very much in many points and have become able to produce fairly good pictures. However, the stability of tint and color saturation depending on transmission distortion are still a problem to be solved. In order to have improvement in this area, FCC has approved the broadcasting of Vertical Interval Reference (VIR) Signal in 1974.


The Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP) at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) stores solidified high-level waste and some spent reactor fuel in shallow underground containers. These materials generate heat, and their storage configuration must be sized to keep temperatures within allowable limits. Storage facility designs are based on computer-generated temperatures; however, actual measured temperatures taken later are much lower than these design values. Designs based on such overestimated values contribute to increased facility costs. In this paper, temperatures measured around a buried heat source are used to estimate accurate soil thermal properties that will improve the heat transfer model and improve future storage facility designs.


The web has made it easy to create multimedia content, which is then viewable by the general community at large. By extending multimedia to include the area of modeling, we make it possible to share and process model structures in the same way as the typical web page. For models of the geometric variety, the new X3D (eXtensible 3D) standard will allow sharing and presentation of 3D scene graphs within the web browser. We have created a dynamic model counterpart to X3D, which we call DXL (Dynamics eXchange Language). DXL is low-level XML-based language, comprising blocks, ports, and connectors. We will define how DXL is used for constructing individual level models, as well as multimodels over multiple abstraction layers.


Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with activity against ALK, ROS1, or TRKA-C have significantly improved clinical benefits in patients with diverse tumors harboring ALK, ROS1, or NTRKs rearrangements, drug resistance will be developed and subsequent therapy overcoming acquired resistance remains limited. The resistance is mainly caused by the adaptive mutations evolved in the structural region of ROS1/TRK/ALK kinases, especially solvent front substitutions such as ROS1 G2032R/TRKA G595R/ALK G1202R mutations. Next-generation TKIs targeting these mutations could potentially address this unmet medical need. Currently, several inhibitors, including TPX-0005, are under development in phase I/II clinical trials. Here, we report the finding of a novel small molecule, TY-2136b, which has been identified through a systemic approach against acquired ROS1/TRK/ALK mutations. Kinase assay results suggest that TY-2136b grants similar potency to TPX-0005 inhibiting ROS1 G2032R mutant activity (IC50 1.6 nM vs 2.4 nM ), confers significantly stronger potency than LOXO-101 inhibiting TRKA activity with G595R substitution (IC50 0.8 mM vs 460.1 nM ). The cell proliferation assay results with Ba/F3 cells suggest that TY-2136b is similar potent as TPX-0005 inhibiting cell proliferation of the Ba/F3 strain expressing mutant ROS1 bearing G2032R mutation, a major resistance mutation. TY-2136b also shows potent inhibition towards ROS1, ERK and AKT phosphorylation and downstream signaling in Ba/F3-CD74-ROS1-G2032R cells. Meanwhile, TY-2136b, TPX-0005, and TRK-selective second-generation LOXO-195 inhibitors had similar activity against TRKA G595R and TRKC G623R resistance mutations, but TY-2136b was better than TPX-0005 and LOXO-195 against TRKA G595R/F589L dual mutations in vitro. In vivo studies, TY-2136b showed dose-dependent anti-tumor effect at the dose of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, bid, in xenograft tumor models carrying ROS1 G2032R and TRKA G595R mutation, and was more effective than Crizotinib and LOXO-101 at testing dose, and showed better efficacy than TPX-0005 in higher dose. Next, in vivo activity of TY-2136b was examined with xenograft model of KM-12 expressing TPM3-NTRK1 fusion proteins. The results show that TY-2136b and TPX-0005 demonstrate more effectiveness than LOXO-195, and the animals tolerated TY-2136b better than TPX-0005. In the ALK-G1202R xenograft model, TY-2136b showed a significant anti-tumor effect in a certain dose-dependent manner. Taken together, our preclinical data demonstrate that TY-2136b can treat cancers caused by ROS1/TRK/ALK mutations and overcome drug resistance due to acquired solvent-front mutations. Currently, TY-2136b is under first-in-human clinical investigations in the US and China. * To Whom Correspondence should be addressed to: Jun Li, Chengshan Niu and Yusheng Wu
 Citation Format: Chengshan Niu, Apeng Liang, Yuge Dou, Kaige Ji, Meihua Li, Yanchao Zhao, Yan Zhang, Zhongwei Guo, Aishen Gong, Mingyu Jiang, Shaoqing Chen, Xiugui Chen, Jun Li, Yusheng Wu. TY-2136b, a next generation ROS1/TRK/ALK inhibitor, potently inhibits kinase and cell proliferation activities of tumor cells bearing drug-dependent acquired mutations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3400.


Moisture retention property of bread improved with the addition of 5% untreated blackgram flour (BGF) in wheat
flour. The loss in moisture in wheat flour bread, containing 5% untreated BGF (experimental bread) was 9.4%, as compared
to 15% in the bread from wheat flour (control) at the end of nine days of storage. The crumb firming rate of experimental
bread was lower than that of control bread. The crumb firmness value of control bread gradually increased by 270,
470 and 550 g force at the end of 3, 5 and 9 days of storage, respectively, whereas the same increased only by 266,
316 and 367 g force in case of experimental bread. The results of swelling power indicated slower retrogradation of
starch in case of experimental bread than in control bread. The organoleptic scores for experimental bread were found
to be always marginally higher than those of the control bread during storage.


Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most frequent inherited cardiac disease and its prognosis can be severely worsened by the presence of restrictive filling pattern and atrial fibrillation (AF). Here we report a novel, highly penetrant MYL2 variant in a multigenerational HCM family showing high incidence of restrictive filling pattern and AF.


Although they are sometimes confused, in theory government and political advertising are separate and quite distinct. By convention, government advertising — paid for directly by taxpayers — is to be used only for necessary government information campaigns which are neutral in nature and not liable to be perceived as creating a partisan benefit for the ruling party. By contrast, political advertising occurs predominantly during elections, is paid for by political parties or candidates, and is necessarily partisan, persuasive and usually highly emotive in nature. However, in the past two decades these distinctions have broken down. This paper explores the growing links between the two types of advertising at the federal level and concludes that there is a vast gap between the theory and reality of government advertising.


Objective: To use functional MRI (fMRI) to further define the occurrence of left-hemisphere, bilateral, and right-hemisphere language in a normal left-handed population. Methods: A total of 100 healthy volunteers, consisting of 50 left-handed subjects and a reference group of 50 right-handed subjects, were studied by fMRI of the frontal cortex during silent word generation. Results: Ninety-six percent of right-handed subjects showed fMRI changes lateralized to the left hemisphere, whereas 4% showed a bilateral activation pattern. In contrast, left-hemisphere lateralization occurred in 76% of left-handers, bilateral activation in 14%, and right-hemisphere lateralization in the remaining 10%. The predominance of right-hemisphere activation, however, was weak in these cases; only a single left-handed subject (2%) showed complete right-hemisphere lateralization. Conclusions: Silent word generation lateralizes to the left cerebral hemisphere in both handedness groups, but right-hemisphere participation is frequent in normal left-handed subjects. Exclusive right-hemisphere activation rarely occurred in the frontal lobe region studied.


For systems with a delay varying in an interval studied by Shao (New delay-dependent stability criteria for systems with interval delay. Automatica, 45 (2009) 744-749) a tight upper bound on its derivative of different Lyapunov functional has been suggested, but this method is not suited to systems with multiple varying delays. Before proving the main theorem, a more generalized convex combination inequality is proposed. A new stability criterion for systems with multiple time-varying delays is obtained in this paper by the general inequality technique. Two examples are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the presented results.


Purpose – The current qualitative study aims to investigate service users', support staff's and community team members' views of gender differences in cause and presentation of mental health problems, whether current services respond differently to men and women with mental health problems and areas in which services can become more gender sensitive. Design/methodology/approach – Two focus groups were conducted with service users with intellectual disabilities and mental health problems in addition to two focus groups with a variety of staff. Subsequently, individual interviews were conducted with both male and female staff members employed in residential and community intellectual disability services. The number of participants totalled 54 (16 service users and 38 staff). Thematic analysis was adopted in order to identify dominant themes in the discourse of these stakeholder groups. Findings – The analysis produced a number of themes which include: compliance versus challenge; vulnerability; expression of emotion; gender equality; same sex support; caring qualities; and boundaries. Originality/value – A number of suggestions for improving services are discussed in the context of the current findings.


One of evaluation model counseling programs is accountability bridge model. In this model, counseling evaluation cycle is devided into two cycles. The first cycle is counseling program evaluation and the second is counseling context evaluation cycle. Counseling program evaluation cycle focus on the result of counseling service, while counseling context evaluation cycle focus on the trial of counseling service impact by stake holder and uses its feedback, the result of need assessment for fostering and repairing the goal of counseling program. Both cycle are connected by accountability bridge, which the result of counseling practice is communicated to stakeholder in context of the bigger service system. Keywords: Accountability Bridge Model, Program Evaluation, Context Evaluation


We propose a content-based method for coding entertainment movie sequences using texture replacement at the encoder and texture synthesis and mapping at the decoder. Our method reduces the bit rate of the compressed movie sequences significantly and yields higher visual quality of the textured background regions in the decoded movie sequences with mapped texture than that of the regions in the sequences simply encoded and decoded. Moreover, our method is efficient in terms of speed and may be applied as an overlay onto any standards-compliant coding system.


Recent molecular biology has enabled remarkable progress in biological research. However, this biological achievement requires evaluation by different approaches, particularly in the understanding of complexity in dynamic organs. Such a situation exists exactly in the regulatory mechanisms of liver regeneration. Since cultured hepatocytes became available as a system for studying hepatocyte proliferation in vitro, a variety of growth factors for hepatocytes have been purified, and clarified with regard to their biological action in vitro. However, such action does not always reflect their significance in vivo, since cultured cells may differ in proliferation from quiescent cells in vivo as a result of cell isolation. Moreover, the liver is exposed to blood bearing a large number of factors and substances originating from other organs and cells. Only experiments conducted both in vitro and in vivo can solve this problem, thus prompting us to use seemingly 'old fashioned' approaches involving morphology, physiology, pathophysiology and biochemistry.


Scientific datasets often consist of complex data types such as images. Mining such data presents interesting issues related to semantics. In this paper, we explore the research issues in mining data from the field of nanotechnology. More specifically, we focus on a problem that relates to image comparison of material nanostructures. A significant challenge here relates to the notion of similarity between the images. Features such as size and height of nano-particles and inter-particle distance are important in image similarity as conveyed by domain experts. However, there are no precise notions of similarity defined apriori. Hence there is a need for learning similarity measures. In this paper, we describe our proposed approach to learn similarity measures for graphical data. We discuss this with reference to nanostructure images. Other challenges in image comparison are also outlined. The use of this research is discussed with respect to targeted applications.


Due the to climate change, increasing thermal loads and comfort cooling in buildings, the technology of thermal energy storage seems to be one of the optimum future solutions to provide better thermal comfort for occupants with an efficient energy use. The main interests of the work presented here was to prove the technology of thermal energy storage using phase change materials (PCM) in building envelops, achieving important energy savings in buildings. This thesis deals with two main aspects, phase change materials (PCM), and their application in buildings typologies. The application of PCM in two building typologies was tested in Lleida, which represents a typical continental climate in Spain, similar to the one in Madrid, with cold winters and hot and relatively dry summers, and with important daily temperature oscillation between day and night. The construction and experimental monitoring of two real concrete cubicles allowed showing the energy storage occurred in the walls by microencapsulated PCM with respect to the conventional concrete without PCM.


The weight enumerators of all nondegenerate irreducible cyclic binary (n, k) codes have been computed for which k>27 and N=(2/sup k-1/)/n >


Availability of broadband to rural and remote communities would enable agriculturists to use Landsat, Geo-positioning and Agronomy to better manage the environment. Landsat imaging has developed significantly since the first Landsat satellite launch in 1965. Data now available from these can provide beneficial applications including improved water management, crop assessment, land clearing, soil erosion, salt contamination and pollution. Access by farmers and graziers to information and analyses from commercial organisations via high speed broadband on land conditions and the effects of some agricultural practices provides an opportunity to prevent or minimise environmental damage and support effective use of water resources.


In this study, we aim to provide reliable methods for the initial value problem of the fractional modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equations. Fractional differential equations are essential for more precise simulation of numerous processes. The hybrid Yang transformation decomposition method (YTDM) and Yang homotopy perturbation method (YHPM) are employed in a very simple and straightforward manner to handle the current problems. The derivative of fractional order is displayed in a Caputo form operator. To illustrate the conclusion given from the findings, a few numerical cases are taken into account for their approximate analytical solutions. We looked at two cases and contrasted them with the actual result to validate the methodologies. These techniques create recurrence relations representing the proposed problem's solution. It is possible to find the series solutions to the given problems, and these solutions have components that converge to precise solutions more quickly. Tables and graphs are used to describe the new results, which demonstrate the present methods' adequate accuracy. The actual and estimated outcomes are demonstrated in graphs and tables to be quite similar, demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed approaches. The innovation of the current work resides in the application of effective methods that require less calculation and achieve a greater level of accuracy. Additionally, the suggested approaches can be applied in the future to resolve other nonlinear fractional problems, which will be a scientific contribution to the research community.


The surface of superconducting topological insulators (STIs) has been recognized as an effective superconductivity platform for realizing elusive Majorana fermions. Chiral Majorana modes (CMMs), which are different from Majorana bound states localized at point defects, possess many exotic properties. Here we predict that CMMs can be achieved in experiments by depositing a ferromagnetic insulator overlayer on top of the STI surface. We simulate this heterostructure by employing a realistic tight-binding model and show that the CMM appears on the edge of the ferromagnetic islands and can be directly probed by STM only after the superconducting gap is inverted by the exchange coupling between the ferromagnet and the STI. In addition, multiple CMMs can be generated by tuning the chemical potential of the topological insulator. These results can be applied to both proximity-effect–induced superconductivity in topological insulators and intrinsic STI compounds such as PbTaSe2, BiPd and their chemical analogues, providing a route to engineering CMMs in those materials.


Concerns have increasingly been raised over mankind's unabated exploitation, consumption and pollution of natural resources (Hall & Lew, 2009:42). While the growing disproportion between the rapid depletion of natural resources and the sustainability of these resources for future generations to meet their own needs has been the subject of debate for several decades, the World Commission for Environment and Development (WCED) and the subsequent publication of the Brundtland report Our Common Future (1987) provided the platform for increased global awareness and attention. This report concluded that development could only be described as sustainable if it catered for the livelihood of the present generation, without compromising the ability of future generations to provide for their own sustenance (Telfer & Sharpley, 2008:30; Holden, 2008:148; Coetzee & Saayman, 2009:131).


ZnS is well-known direct band gap II-VI semiconductor, and it attracts intense interest due to its excellent properties of luminescence which enable ZnS to have promising materials for optical, photonic and electronic devices. Especially, the emission wavelength of ZnS falls in the UV absorption band of most organic compoundsand biomolecules, thus it is envisaged that ZnS based devices may find applications in increasingly important fluorescence sensing. We have developed a facile and effective one-step process for the fabrication of single-crystalline and pure-wurtzite ZnS nanostructures possessing sharp band-edge emission at room-temperature having diverse length-to-width ratios. Each of nanostructures was composed of chemically pure, structurally uniform, single-crystalline, and defect-free ZnS. These features not only suppress trap or surface states emission centered at 420 nm, but also enhance UV band-edge emission centered at 327 nm, which give as-synthesized our ZnS nanostructures possible sharp UV emission at room temperature. The reaction medium consisting of mixed solvents such as hydrazine, ethylenediamine, and water as well as proper reaction time and temperature have played an important role in the crystallinity and optical properties of ZnS nanostructures. As-synthesized our ZnS nanostructures possessing sharp UV emission guarantee high potential for both fundamental research and technological applications.


Water treatment facilities, there is a high water purification system that can more effectively remove the solid contaminants and fine contaminants included in the water treatment is disclosed in the. The advanced water treatment system includes a raw water storage tank for storing raw water; Pump for transferring the raw water stored in the raw water storage tank; Automatic backwash-type filter apparatus for filtering solids from the raw water by said feed pump; Ultrafiltration device for filtering fine contaminants from the second car to be treated subjected to the automatic backwash-type filter apparatus; Process water tank for storing the filtered and purified treated water from the ultrafiltration membrane apparatus; Disinfectant tank to supply the disinfectant to be treated is conveyed from the treatment tank; A compressor for supplying the high pressure air to the ultrafiltration membrane apparatus in order to clean the ultrafiltration membrane device; It characterized in that it comprises a; and backwash pump disposed between the ultrafiltration device and the processing bath to remove contaminants adsorbed on the ultrafiltration membrane apparatus. Water treatment systems, the backwash pump, an ultrafiltration membrane, automatic backwash-type filter apparatus


This publication is based on two surveys of the same Anchorage, Alaska households taken in June and November 1987 to study the effects of a strong recession of the previous two years. Different kinds of households were queried about household incomes, housing status, members' occupations, moving plans, and expectations about the financial future. Results showed that close to 13% of the households Sad left Anchorage in the interim months. Those who left were more likely to be young renters, out of work, in the military or to have lived in Anchorage relatively few years. Nearly half of single-family homeowners had paid more than their homes were worth at the time of the survey and many condominium owners owed more than their properties were worth. Half the renters surveyed said they were considering buying homes in Anchorage. More than 65% of renters had moved into Anchorage within the previous 18 months. Only 7% of homeowners had plans to move within the city in the coming year. Longtime residents and people who came to Anchorage during the boom years of the early '80s were among those hardest hit by the recession. Many were affected by the real estate slide. New arrivals were the clear winners. Most came with jobs, housing was cheap, and they were optimistic about their financial futures. Anchorage residents generally became more optimistic about the economy between June and November. The document includes tables, charts, endnotes, and a list of other Institute of Social and Economic Research publications. (TES) 3000EXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX3000600000000000090(XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXWAXX X Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made X X from the original document. * xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx La University of Alaska Anchorage, Institute of Social and Economic Research May 1988, Vol. XXV, No. 2 The Effects of Alaska's Economic Recession on Anchorage Households Why Anchorage? Over the past two years a strong recession has choked the Alaska economy. All Alaska communities have been hurt by it. But Anchorage and other communities in southcentral Alaska have seen the sharpest economic decline and the biggest population drain. Those southcentral communities grew the fastest in the early 1980s, and they have come down the hardest. Anchorage is the state's major commercial center and is home to more than 40 percent of Alaskans. Anchorage's economic recovery will be an important measure of the state's overall recovery. Because the Anchorage economy is such a big part of the state economy and it has been hit so hard by the recession, this publication looks specifically at the effects of the recession on Anchorage. By looking only at Anchorage, we're not implying that the recession has left other communities untouched. This publication is based on two large telephone surveys of Anchorage households done in June and November 1987. Household surveys show us the human dimension of the recession: how different kinds of households have been affected by the recession, as described by the household residents themselves. We asked residents questions about their incomes, housing status, employment, occupa"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED SY L' N OA LEAIR tions, moving plans, and expectations about their own financial futures. The recession that started at the end of 1985 has been much harder on some Anchorage residents than on others. Some have lost--or are nea losing--homes, jobs, businesses. Some have watched the value of their properties shrink but have reasonably steady incomes that help them llold on, waiting for better times. Some who lived here two years ago have left, looking for brighter prospects. And some-particularly those who arrived after the recession started-are seeing the bright spot on the dark landscape: lower rents and bargain prices for houses, with plenty of choices--and, in general, higher paying jobs than in the lower 48. In this Review, we tell the story of a city in recession. Who has been most affected and who least? Who is leaving, and who is staying? Who has moved into Anchorage in the past couple of years? How much are people moving around within the city? How many households have been touched by unemployment? How much income have we lost? How many homeowners paid more than their properties will sell for today? Who feels most optimistic about the future and who least? On page 3 we highlight the survey findings that are discussed in detail in later pages. Office cf Educational Research and Improvement U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." 2 EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization Oroginating it C Minor changes have been made to improve reproductionQuality Potolvewor op mons stated n ths docu morn do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy Page 2 UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA ANCHORAGE, INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH a ALASKA REVIEW OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS VOL. XXV, No. 2, May 1988


Bcause of the educational object of accounting is not perfect,the educational idea is not mature and the theory is separated from practice.Above all of the reasons our nation accounting education level is lower than the international standard and the accountant's quality is lower so,it is difficult to cope with the challenge of WTO.only integrating the present accounting ducational sgstem,setting up new accounting educational object and theory,enhancing teacher's quality and improving teaching method.the difference between our nation's accounting educational level and international accounting educational level will be progressively shortened.the development of chinese accounting educational enterprise will be improved.