Professor Linder makes a distinction between three country categories-(1) advanced countries, (2) developing countries with a foreign exchange gap, and (3) backward countries--concentrating his analysis on the problems of the middle group. He puts forward a trade theory which be believes to be neither the traditional variety as updated by the Keynesians nor the more modern and unorthodox variety often espoused by economists from the underdeveloped nations. On balance he may be counted as of the latter school of thought, giving us a valuable synthesis of their views with advances of his own in the theoretical analysis.


In 2007, the US Environmental Protection Agency issued its "Framework for Metals Risk Assessment." The framework provides technical guidance to risk assessors and regulators when performing human health and environmental risk assessments of metals. This paper focuses on advances in the science including assessing bioavailability in aquatic ecosystems, short- and long-term fate of metals in aquatic ecosystems and advances in risk assessment of metals in sediments. Notable advances have occurred in the development of bioavailability models for assessing toxicity as a function of water chemistry in freshwater ecosystems. The Biotic Ligand Model (BLM), Multiple Linear Regression model (MLR) and Multi-Metal BLM (mBLM) now exist for most of the common mono- and di-valent metals. Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) for many metals exist making it possible for many jurisdictions to develop or update their water quality criteria or guidelines. The understanding of the fate of metals in the environment has undergone significant scrutiny over the past 20 years. Transport and toxicity models have evolved including the Unit World Model (UWM) allowing for estimation of concentrations of metals in various compartments as a function of loading and time. There has been significant focus on the transformation of metals in sediments to forms that are less bioavailable and on understanding conditions that result in re-solubilization or redistribution of metals in and from sediments. Methods for spiking sediments have advanced such that the resulting chemistry in the laboratory mimics that in natural systems. Sediment bioavailability models are emerging including models that allow for prediction of toxicity in sediments for copper and nickel. Biodynamic models have been developed for several organisms and many metals. The models allow for estimates of transport of metals from sediments to organisms via their diet as well as their water exposure. All these advances expand the tool set available to risk assessors.


Amblyopia is a problem faced in all age groups in our society. It leaves great effects on the social, economical, behavioral, educational, physical and psychological aspects of a community. In this study we have determined prevalence, gender distribution, laterality & proportion of amblyopia and its various types among government middle school children in city of Lahore. In this study 200 students, 100 male and 100 female of Class 6th, 7th & 8th from two Government Schools were analyzed. Visual Acuity of all the students was checked. Students with Organic blindness & Mental retardation were excluded. Objective & subjective refraction of all the students having visual acuity 6/12 or less was carried out. Diagnostic criteria for amblyopia were best-corrected visual acuity of 6/12 or less, in one or both eyes or bilateral difference of at least two best-corrected visual acuity lines. The results revealed that out of total 200 students 23(11.5%) had refractive errors and 6(3%) were amblyopic. Out of these 6(3%), 2(1%) were boys and 4(2%) were girls. 3(1.50%) students had unilateral and 3(1.50%) had bilateral Amblyopia. Meridional Amblyopia was found to be the most predominant type of Amblyopia being 3(1.5%) while Ametropic, Anisometropic and Strabismic type of Amblyopia were 1(0.5%) each. This data supports the assumption that vision screening of school students in our country can be useful in detecting correctable causes of decreased vision especially refractive errors which may otherwise lead to amblyopia causing long term visual disability.


Mendel's second law, the law of independent assortment, states that when a number of pairs of hereditary factors are present, the pairs assort independently of each other. At the microscopic cellular level, the chromosomes are the bearers of these factors. Since this is the case, it should be readily possible to demonstrate that if pairs of contrasting alleles assort independently of each other, likewise so should the paired chromosomes on which these alleles are located. Yet evidence in support of this law, through cytological studies of the behavior of the chromosomes from parents to offspring in paralleling Mendel's factors, is far from being either numerous or conclusive. Carothers (1913) described the relationship between the behavior of the X chromosome and that of the dyads of an unequal tetrad which occurred in the primary spermatocytes of the male orthopteran Brachystola magna. With the X chromosome of the male as a basis of comparison, she selected three hundred cells at random and found that the respective dyads assorted with the X chromosome in approximately a 1:1 ratio. In 1917, working with two genera of Acrididae (Orthoptera), Carothers described a number of instances in which the two homologous chromosomes differed morphologically from one another and as a pair were also distinguishable from the other chromosome pairs. The homologues of several pairs were traced through anaphase I and found to segregate at random in regard to both the X chromosome and each other, and presumably to the other eight pairs of chromosomes, thus demonstrating the Mendelian expectancy of random assortment. A few years later she made a number of matings whereby she could make a direct comparative analysis between the chromosomal constitution of the parents and that of the offspring, with respect to three heteromorphic pairs (Carothers, 1921). Due to the limited number of offspring obtained, however, no valid conclusions could be drawn on a statistical basis as to the manner in which the chromosome pairs were assorting. King (1923) described the behavior of six heteromorphic chromosome pairs through anaphase I in 224 primary spermatocyte cells of Pseudotrimerotropis thalassica. Tracing the assortment of the six pairs in relation to the X chromosome and to each other, King found that the dyads and the X chromosome were assorting completely at random. Thus, although the random assortment of homologous chromosomes has been well verified as to their segregation in both primary and secondary spermatocytes, documentation of the assortment of homologous chromosomes from parent to offspring has never been effected to the extent required for statistical analysis.


A digital control system of light source based on DSP2407A is introduced,the optical design and the hardware design scheme are described for the control system.The results of the experiment show that the system runs stably and has a good state.It has many advantages as fewer ICs,high control accuracy,stable performance,good real-time capability,etc.It provides a good optical design and hardware platform for the future applications of the domain that needs high precision of a light source,such as the experiment of space science.


The supply chain finance is the service innovation of the bank,based on the supply chain management.The bank-enterprise alliance supply chain is the structure innovation,which the bank is introduced to the supply chain.They have strengthen function in the relations bank and enterprise.Through comparison their characteristic,the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain not only is advantageous to the promotion bank and enterprise cooperation,the solution enterprise financing difficulty,but also it has superiority to enhance supply chain's stability and the core competitiveness.Therefore,the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain has value in the application and promotion.


A method has been developed for the direct determination of lithium in serum and whole blood by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry using tantalum carbide coated graphite tubes in combination with ammonium nitrate matrix modification. The maximum permissible charring temperature for lithium was raised from 1050 to 1500 °C and the lifetime of the tube was also prolonged for ca. 200 more firings using the tantalum carbide coated graphite tube compared with the conventional pyrolytic graphite coated graphite tube. Matrix interferences from chlorides present in human blood samples were eliminated using the proposed method, which has been used for the determination of lithium in serum and whole blood of normal healthy individuals.


1 Horizontal and vertical heterogeneity of resource availability, coupled with the specialized use of resources by tree species, results in complex patterns of tree species distributions in tropical rain forests. We studied the horizontal and vertical distributions of 4014 individuals in 11 species of early successional Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) in tropical rain forest in Sarawak, Malaysia.


Silver scurf is an economically important disease on potato tubers caused by Helminthosporium solani. Two studies were established near Mount Vernon, WA at Washington State University NWREC on 20 May 2011 and 21 May 2012 in Skagit silt loam soil.  Five treatments included: penthiopyrad applied at 45 days after planting (dap), penthiopyrad applied at 60 dap, azoxystrobin (Quadris; 9 oz/acre) applied at 45 dap, and azoxystrobin applied at 60 dap, and a non-treated non-irrigated control.  This study did not control for the effect of irrigation, as azoxystrobin- and penthiopyrad-treated plots were drip-irrigated while non-treated plots were not irrigated. The results of this study are therefore limited but do suggest a reduction in silver scurf incidence and severity with no significant impact on yield of potatoes when treated fungicide applied through drip irrigation systems.


This report of experience outlines reflections of a teacher of Sciences in the basic public education of the city of Londrina- PR, Brazil. The study was based on the historical-dialectical materialist perspective of humans, society, and knowledge, and has as its object the education of teachers, having as specific focus the possibilities of theoretical appropriations and changes in teaching practice through the participation of a teacher in a continuing education program, called the Education Observatory. The analyzes of the teacher's reports indicate the contribution of the program to the transformation of her thinking and acting.


The objective of this study was to produce regular and Graphene Oxide (GO) coated biochar adsorbents, using two types of biomass as feedstock, i.e. Rice Husks (RH) and Sewage Sludge (SS), in two pyrolytic temperatures (400°C and 600°C). The produced adsorbents were thoroughly characterized in terms of physicochemical properties, where biochars produced from RH at 600°C showed the most favourable results. Specifically, the S BET values of these samples were up to four times higher compared to biochars produced at 400°C and up to thirteen times higher, compared to the respective SS biochars. Moreover, the metal content of the samples was determined, in order to assess their safety, where all values were under the limits set by the European Union. Finally, biochars were tested as adsorbents for the removal of six organic micro-pollutants, i.e. 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4D), Bisphenol A (BPA), Androsterone (ADT), Norethindrone (NOR), Estrone (E1) and Ethinyl Estradiol (EE2), from table water and wastewater, in low (realistic) initial concentrations. The pollutants were successfully adsorbed by biochar, in rates of 40%-97.5% for the RH biochars and 10%-97.5% for the RH biochars, in 1h. GO-enriched RH biochars produced at 600°C were the most effective adsorbents, removing the pollutants in rates higher than 70%, in just 10min of adsorption time.


-A study has been made of the solution polymerisation of trioxane in 1,2-dichloroethane with boron trifluoride diethyl etherate as the initiator during the induction period. The experimental parameters varied were initiator concentration, initial trioxane concentration and temperature. The rates of trioxane consumption, tetroxane production and formaldehyde production and the rate of increase in the amount of soluble linear oligomers increased with increase in the initial concentrations of initiator and trioxane and with increase in temperature. The results also indicate an equilibrium between formaldehyde and cationic species. A kinetic model is proposed for polymerisation of trioxane during the induction period. The model proposes three parallel irreversible reactions between trioxane and cationic species and a reversible reaction between formaldehyde and cationic species. The scheme involves five rate constants which are determined from statistical fit of experimental data. The predictions of concentration-time profiles for various species are in excellent agreement with the experimental results.


In a constraint-driven layout synthesis environment, parasitic constraints are generated and implemented in each phase of the design process to meet a given set of performance specifications. The success of the synthesis phase depends in great part on the effectiveness and the generality of the constraint generation process. None of the existing approaches to the constraint generation problem however are suitable for a number of parasitic effects in active and passive devices due to non-deterministic process variations. To address this problem a novel methodology is proposed based on the separation of all variables associated with non-deterministic parasitics, thus allowing the translation of the problem into an equivalent one in which conventional constrained optimization techniques can be used. The requirements, of the method are a well-defined set of statistical properties for all parasitics and a reasonable degree of linearity of the performance measures relevant to design.


Based on the diffraction theory and Gaussian beam characteristics, an expression for beam magnification GAMMA of an afocal cylindrical lens is derived. This expression modifies and expands Koichi Maseqi's expression.


We have been developing an architecture for reasoning with multiple sensors distributed on a computer network, linking them with analysis modules and reasoning with the results to combine evidence of possible intrusion for display to the user. The architecture, called MAITA, consists of monitors distributed across machines and linked together under control of the user and supported by a monitor of monitors that manages the interaction among the monitors. This architecture enables the system to reason about evidence from multiple sensors. For example, a monitor can track FTP logs to detect password scans followed by successful uploads of data from foreign sites. At the same time it can monitor disk use and detect significant trends. Monitors can then combine the evidence in the sequence in which they occur and present evidence to the user that someone has successfully gained write access to the FTP site and is occupying significant disk space. This paper discusses the architecture enabling the creation, linking, and support of the monitors. The monitors may be running on the same or different machines and so appropriate communication links must be supported as well as regular status checks to ensure that monitors are still running. We will also discuss the construction of monitors for sensing the data, abstracting and characterizing data, synchronizing data from different sources, detecting patterns, and displaying the results.


This study was carried out to survey residual characteristics of pesticide in fresh ginsengs collected from 45 markets at 15 regions in Korea using multiresidue analysis with a GC-MS/MS and an LCMS/MS. After residue analysis was performed, the pesticides detected from ginsengs were quantitated using their analytical methods validated by recovery tests with a GC-ECD/NPD. As a results of analysis of pesticide residue, cypermethrin, fenitrothion, fludioxonil, thifluzamide, and tolclofos-methyl were detected from 16 samples among 45 samples in total, indicating detection rate was 35.6%. Tolclofos-methyl was found to be highest in detection frequency in ginseng. Fenitrothion that has not established maximum residue limit and pre-harvest interval for ginseng was detected. The amounts of all pesticides detected were less than their MRLs. Ratios of estimated daily intakes to acceptable daily intakes of the detected pesticides in ginseng were found to be from 0.03 to 16.67%.


This report discusses channel stabilization design by erosion protection measures considering risk analysis. Although many different erosion protection measures have been used, this report only considers rip-rap and wire enclosed rock (in mattresses) which are two of the most widely used methods of erosion protection. The purpose of erosion protection and channel stabilization is, of course, to maintain a channel and its banks and/or bed in a relatively fixed location to protect property, structures or other development from erosion related damage. Because rivers are quite dynamic and development continues along rivers and other types of channels, the need for erosion protection and bank stabilization will continue. Chapter II discusses briefly the dynamic nature of rivers and the need for erosion protection and channel stabilization. Various types of engineering analysis are required in developing an erosion protection design. These include hydrology, hydraulics, geomorphic, erosion and sediment transport. Where ship or barge traffic is of concern, ship-generated waves and other related impacts should also be accounted for. Chapter III discusses the data and analysis required for designing erosion protection and channel stabilization projects. This is by no means a comprehensive discussion of these topics but is meant to serve as an introduction and guide to the subject. The reader is encouraged to refer to the references given on these topics for further information. Chapter IV discusses common failure modes of erosion protection projects. There are a number of distinct and independent causes of failure. Each one alone can be sufficient to induce failure or they may, in some cases, act in concert to induce failure. A fairly comprehensive list of potential modes of failure is included ranging from the obvious to the more obscure and often overlooked. Flowing water causes forces or stresses to act on the bed and banks of a river. These are the forces that cause erosion and attempt to damage any erosion protection. They basically include shear, lift and drag forces acting on each individual particle on the bed and banks. The beginning portion of Chapter V analyzes the hydrodynamic forces due to flowing water acting on erosion protection works. Then based on the most important or frequent modes of failure and an evaluation of the forces acting on rip-rap or wire enclosed rock, methods to evaluate the probability of failure for each of the selected modes were developed. The remqinder of Chapter V covers this topic. The methods presented can be used either directly in a design application or as a tool in evaluating an existing design. Chapter VI outlines these methodologies in step by step format and then gives an example to follow for each procedure. Because the individual modes of failure can be treated independently, the total probability of failure is obtained by summing the individual probabilities. If the probability of failure thus obtained is too high for the given event, redesign is required. The next chapter (Chapter VII) is called "Risk Analysis." This type of an analysis actually is an economic optimization procedure but it has been previously called risk analysis in the literature. Risk analysis consists basically of designing a structure or whatever in order to minimize overall costs. These overall costs include both the initial construction costs as well as long term maintenance and repair costs. It is based on the logic that one may design something that can withstand the forces of a 1,000 year flood but the initial cost and therefore the total cost would be unreasonably high. One may also design a project to withstand the forces of a two year event which would have a very low initial cost but again the overall cost would be very high because of the frequency of maintenance and/or repair and replacement costs. The purpose of risk analysis is to find the minimum overall cost by varying the hydrologic return period of a project and associated designs and their costs in order to minimize the overall project cost. The design is selected that then gives this minimum cost or at least is in the range where costs are near the minimum. Chapter VIII contains the summary and conclusions. References and an appendix of terminology follows the final chapter.


The invention provides a charging docking device of an inspection robot. The charging docking device of the inspection robot comprises a charging stand and a charging head connected with the charging stand in a matched mode. The charging stand is installed on a suspension clamp on an overhead transmission line; the charging head is installed on a mechanical arm of the inspection robot. When the mechanical arm is moved along the transmission line to ensure that the charging head and the inspection robot are docked, because a socket body in the charging stand has four freedom degrees of rotation in the three-dimensional space and movement along the transmission line, the inspection robot can adapt to centering deviation caused by downward deformation of the transmission line borne the gravity of the robot because of installing errors in the docking process of the inspection robot and the charging head; meanwhile, because the charging head is designed to be a wedged body and the socket is provided with a V-shaped groove matched with the charging head, the defect that an inserting needle is aligned with an inserting hole difficultly is overcome, docking of the inspection robot and the charging head is facilitated, and the charging docking device of the inspection robot is simple in docking, efficient, safe, reliable and low in cost.


Cadmium oxide (CdO) thin films were fabricated by spray pyrolysis technique from aqueous solution of cadmium acetate (Cd(CH3COO)2⋅2H2O) with substrate temperature at 300°C. Here two different volume of solution were taken to fabricate the films. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study indicates the formation of polycrystalline (FCC crystal structure) CdO phase with preferential orientation along (111) plane. The film thickness, refractive index, absorption coefficient, roughness was measured by Ellipsometry spectroscopy. From these result thickness was increased with roughness by increasing volume of solution. The surface topography was determined by AFM which indicate that surface electron mobility is high. The direct band gap energy of the film was 2.39 eV.


Microbial flooding has been implemented more than 30 wells in Ansai oilfield since 2009,in order to find out the main factors of microbial damage to low permeability reservoir, using the dynamic damage meter of high temperature and high pressure to simulate damage experiment,analysising microscopic mechanism research on microbial damage to low permeability reservoir.The results showed that the main reservoir damage is retention damage.Products retention caused by microbes and their metabolic result in oil phase permeability decreasing about 35 %.But biological polymer itself has biodegradability,with the extension of time,core damage can be restored to more than 90 %.Surface active agent of microbial metabolites but can relieve water locking damage.To improve the oil phase permeability over 10 %.


Recently there has been developed a homogenization theory of photonic crystals, based on the averaging of the Maxwell Equations within the unitary cell. It leads to the bianisotropic response with the electric displacement D and the magnetic induction B vectors both depending linearly on the electric E and magnetic H fields. Despite the generality of this theory, the case of naturally magnetic ingredients has not been considered. For this reason, in this work we extend the aforementioned theory in this sense. In this way the ingredients of the unitary cell are characterized by a permeability, in addition to a generalized complex conductivity. These parameters are assumed to be given for every position in the unitary cell of the photonic crystal. We conclude that in the presence of naturally magnetic ingredients the medium response is still bianisotropic, but now the material dyadics depend on both the permeability and complex conductivity. Numerical results are given for the case of a one-dimensional photonic crystal with ferrite layers.


On the issue of unification vs. independence, the majority opinion in Taiwan is the maintenance of the status quo with divisions over the island's long-term relations with China. Unlike those who are determined to pursue immediate unification or immediate independence, those who prefer the maintenance of the status quo are potentially flexible in their future decisions. Employing recently collected survey data, this study finds that the policy preferences of the island's citizens are not just a function of primordial factors but are also conditional on their perceptions of threats, i.e., the likelihood of armed intervention by the United States on Taiwan's behalf in a cross-Strait military conflict and a generally unfriendly Being policy toward Taiwan. These findings have important policy implications to all parties involved in the cross-Strait dispute, as citizens' preferences concerning the island's future status may be manipulated through various policy initiatives.


Knowledge, attitudes, and risk perception in relation to second primary cancer (SPC) screening and their impact on screening practices in cancer survivors are largely unknown.


In August, Motorola and Arizona State University entered a partnering arrangement, new to both groups, in which Motorola placed a full time employee at ASU to co-direct a university research center, the Center for Solid State Electronics Research (CSSER). In this paper, the details of this two year 'experiment' between ASU and Motorola are presented. After giving a brief introduction, the Center for Solid State Electronics Research is described. Responsibilities for the industrial co-director and metrics for success, both from ASU's perspective and from Motorola's perspective are then given. Specific examples of improved linkages and accomplishments are illustrated. Finally, observations for the first nine months are presented and some future directions are outlined.


Highly n-type doped and several nanometres thick layers are necessary for various device structures, especially HEMTs. We studied delta doping In1-XGaXP ternary with tellurium, the layers were grown by MOVPE. A low growth temperature of 560 °C was used to restrict the influence of diffusion, and diethyltellurium was used as the precursor. A maximum Hall sheet concentration of 2.75×1013 cm-2 was achieved. Very thin HEMT structures with high conductivity and HEMTs were prepared using the In1-XGaXP barriers doped with tellurium.


At each review, the quantity ordered is a multiple of Q, nQ and the reorder level is R. The backorder cost CB(t) is taken as a question function of t, the length of time of the backorder. CB(t) is b1+b2+b3t 3 . The paper firstly gives the basic mathematics required for the analysis. The demand for, is assumed to follow a normal distribution. The expected backorder cost is derived. The inventory costs are derived superlatively for the factors b1, b2, and b3 of the quadratic costs. By setting the b1, b2 and b3 to zero we have the inventory cost that is not time dependent. Setting b3 alone to zero, we obtain the inventory costs when the backorder cost is a linear function of the time of backorder.


Chronic disorders of the liver may be associated with various skin symptoms, which usually do not correlate with the severity of the underlying hepatic disorder. Cutaneous symptoms of liver diseases include vascular changes, such as spider-nevi, teleangiectasias, and palmar erythema, which have been attributed to general circulatory alterations, perturbed neurovascular regulation, and hormonal changes. Nail changes, such as leuconychia and watch-glass deformities, appear to be induced by altered cutaneous blood flow at least in part. Hepatic pruritus is thought to be induced by bile acids, lipoids, and other unidentified substances. It is unclear whether malnutrition and vitamin deficiency also contribute to the hepatic pruritus. Chronic liver diseases may be associated with jaundice caused by dermal binding of excess bilirubin, and hyperpigmentation due to altered melanin deposition within dermis and epidermis. Finally, gynecomastia, striae distensae, and feminization of the male hair pattern are due to alterations of the estrogen/ androgen ratio. Overall, many aspects of the pathogenesis of cutaneous symptoms of chronic liver diseases still remain unknown. Here, we describe the major skin changes associated with chronic disorders of liver function and discuss their pathophysiology.


This paper presents performance results of the object-oriented real-time operating system Theta. There are two current versions of Theta which are written in the object-oriented languages, C++ and COB. In both languages, object-orientation is embedded into the C language. The overhead of the C++ and the COB versions are compared with that of C. Our experiments show that if the classes are carefilly chosen, there is no significant overhead for real-time applications.


Background— The number of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) recalls and advisories has increased over the past three decades, yet no consensus exists on how to best manage patients with these CIEDs partially because rates of complications from prophylactic replacement are unknown. Objective— To establish rates of complications when recalled CIED generators are replaced prophylactically Methods— We searched MEDLINE and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register for reports of prophylactic replacement of recalled CIED generators. Studies with < 20 subjects were excluded. We then conducted a meta-analysis of qualifying studies to determine the rates of mortality, reoperation, and combined major complications. Results— We identified 7 citations meeting our inclusion criteria and reporting ≥1 endpoint of interest. Four were single center; three were multicenter. Six studies collected data retrospectively (n=1213) and one prospectively (n=222). Using a random effects model to combine data from all included studies, the rate of major complications was 2.5% (95% CI 1.0–4.5%). Combining data from 6 studies reporting mortality and reoperation, the rates were 0.5% (95% CI 0.1–0.9%) and 2.5% (95% CI 0.8–4.5%), respectively. Conclusions— Prophylactic replacement of recalled CIED generators is associated with a low mortality rate but non-trivial rates of other major complications similar to those reported when CIED generators are replaced for other reasons. Thus, when considering replacing a recalled CIED generator, known risks of elective generator replacement likely apply and can be weighed against risks associated with device failure.


The evidence for structures of exchange in the Early Iron Age Mediterranean has been rationalised in many ways, variable in terms of both the evidence selected and the arguments applied. However, the most pervasive and tenacious explanation has been based upon a coreperiphery model, which approaches the expansion of Phoenician commerce in the Early Iron Age by conceptualising it as flowing from a largely eastern Mediterranean core to the western Mediterranean periphery. Thus the Early Iron Age expansion has been interpreted as a direct function of Neo-Assyrian imperialism (Frankenstein 1979), an idea that has circulated in the work of many scholars (Shaw 1989; Kuhrt 1995: 403'410; Coldstream 2003: 240'41, 359; Fantalkin 2006).


A composite material in the traditional sense is defined as a materials system composed of two or more physically distinct phases whose combination produces desirable overall properties that are different from those of its constituents. Present day researchers have pushed the envelope on this way of thinking beyond its traditional definition by creating tailor-made 'engineered composites' and 'smart materials'. The uses for such materials are continuously growing and soon they will play a major role in many arenas of our lives. For example, smart coatings, nano-particulate materials for tailored high-temperature applications, electronic-ceramic materials, piezo-ceramics in structures, fiber-optics smart materials etc., are the way of the future. A clear understanding of these engineered composites requires an interdisciplinary thought process grounded in a sound fundamental knowledge of traditional composite materials. This special issue on the " Interdisciplinary Approach to Smart Composite Structures and Materials " aims to identify


The electrochemical reduction of the Mn(bpy)(CO)3X CO2 reduction catalyst is thought to proceed by the initial reduction of MnI to Mn0. We have covalently attached a naphthalenediimide radical anion (NDI•–) chromophore to the 4-, 5-, or 6-position of the bpy via a phenyl bridge to produce Mn(NDI•–-bpy)(CO)3X, where X = Br, CH3CN, or DMF, and have used femtosecond and nanosecond transient IR spectroscopy to directly observe the intermediates produced by two electron-transfer reactions following selective photoexcitation of NDI•– to its lowest excited doublet state, 2*NDI•–. In complexes where NDI•– is attached at the 4- or 5-position of bipyridine, only the reaction Mn(2*NDI•–-bpy)(CO)3X → Mn(NDI-bpy•–)(CO)3X is observed, whereas in the complex where NDI•– is attached to the 6-position of bipyridine, the reaction sequence Mn(2*NDI•–-bpy)(CO)3X → Mn(NDI-bpy•–)(CO)3X → Mn0(NDI-bpy)(CO)3 is observed. Moreover, in the complexes with an NDI•– bound to the 6-position of bipyridine, Mn0(NDI-bpy)(CO)3 exhibits a l...


The pollution situation of the reservoir in Three Gorges Project is analyzed and the design philosophy,design hydrologic condition and the target of water quality protection for the calculation of water environmental capacity of the reservoir are proposed.The 1-D flow-water quality model,2-D depth-averaged k-e model and 3-D multi-layer turbulent model are applied to calculate the macro environmental capacity and bank′s environmental capacity of COD-(Mn) and NH-3-N as well as its assignments along the reservoir before and after the completion of the Project.On the basis of comparison among several design schemes for the bank′s environmental capacity,the acceptable criteria for the pollution mixing zone and the comprehensive scheme of water environmental capacity for the reservoir are recommended.


A report issued by the U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO) in 2003 identified industry specialization as a key driver of consolidation among audit firms and highlighted the extreme levels of auditor concentration in some industries. Like the GAO, we view auditor concentration as a measure of industry specialization, and we examine one feasible explanation for why auditor specialization differs across industries. We posit that the investment opportunity set (IOS) plays an important role in determining whether an industry is an attractive target for auditor specialization and in creating barriers to auditor entry. We argue that when industry-specific IOS is high, auditors will make costly industry-specific investments that allow them to offer a differentiated product and to create entry barriers for other audit firms. However, when a large component of IOS is specific to individual firms within an industry so that IOS is highly variable within the industry, the auditors' knowledge requirements are highly specific to those firms and it is more difficult to transfer knowledge and spread costs across clients in that industry. Using two different measures of IOS and three alternative industry classification schemes, we present evidence that auditor specialization is increasing in industry IOS levels and decreasing in within-industry IOS variability.


Improvements in technology and information systems as well as changes in climate and economies have resulted in an increasingly competitive environment for the agribusiness sector. A better understanding of firm level competitiveness of this sector hence provides the necessary framework for agribusiness firms to compete at domestic and global markets. Although prior studies have proposed many frameworks to illustrate competitive advantage at the firm level, their practicability remains a concern. This study provides a critical review of the available frameworks and constructs a new one for the agricultural sector. A research model along with its theoretical and managerial implications is presented. Besides proposing a methodology for future studies, this study also serves to guide practitioners to decide on the key factors to consider when assessing the competitive advantage of agribusiness firms.


At the highest operating energies of LEP, the beam occupies a large phase space volume (emittances) because of the strong synchrotron radiation effects. The stable phase space volume required is comparable to the dynamic aperture, itself in large part determined by radiative effects such as beta-synchrotron coupling. Tune-dependences on the three oscillation amplitudes are also important. We review the present understanding of the physics of the dynamic aperture, the computational techniques used to evaluate it and their relation to the most recent measurements. Improvements in dynamic aperture can be achieved by a variety of means including changes of optics, tunes, multipole correctors and the RF voltage distribution.


The work to design trading strategy in a continuous double auction market is more complex than that in one-side auction.This paper firstly tests the Markov character of the sequence of transaction price in the continuous double auction market with ZI-C(Zero-Intelligence with Constraint) traders.Then a new trading strategy based on the Markov chain is provided.Finally,the new trading strategy is proved to be superior to the ZI-C strategy by control experiments.


Submitted for the MAR09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Interest rate change and Omori dynamics in the Stock Market ALEXANDER PETERSEN, FENGZHONG WANG, Boston University, SHLOMO HAVLIN, Bar-Ilan University, H. EUGENE STANLEY, Boston University — I present the behavior of U.S. markets on the day of U.S. Federal Open Market Commission (FOMC) meetings from the perspective of Statistical Physics. The announcement of key U.S. Federal Reserve rate changes causes a small financial shock, where the dynamics before and after the announcement can be described by an Omori law. We find that markets respond sharply to the news in a complex way reminiscent of physical earthquakes described by the Omori law, which describes the power-law relaxation of aftershocks following a singular perturbation. We find Omori laws in both the volatility of the price (also known as the absolute returns) and the volume traded, using 1-minute resolution financial time series. These results suggest that the perturbative response of the stock market is the same for both financial news and financial crises. The intraday response can be measured by the Omori power-law exponent Ω, which has opposite sign before and after the announcement. We estimate the magnitude of news by relating Ω to the behavior of the U. S. Treasury Bill before and after FOMC announcements. Alexander Petersen Boston University Date submitted: 20 Nov 2008 Electronic form version 1.4


The decline of the independent retailer as a result of the growing strength of the multiples has been a persistent factor in British retailing for decades, and the effectiveness of the affiliated retailer in fighting back in the form of voluntary groups is equally well‐known. But why do so many independent retailers still prefer to operate outside the group structure? The authors carried out a study of 100 unaffiliated retailers in the north‐west of England; this article outlines their findings.


Deep smarts are not philosophical-they are not "wisdom" in that sense-but they are as close to wisdom as business gets. Throughout your organization, there are people with deep smarts. Their judgment and knowledge-both explicit and tacit-are stored in their heads and hands. Their knowledge is essential. The organization cannot progress without it. You will be a more effective manager if you understand what deep smarts are, how they are cultivated, and how they can be transferred from one person to another. Very few organizations manage this asset well, perhaps because it's difficult to pin down and measure. Such neglect is risky.


Multiphoton free-free transitions are detected in the scattering of electrons on argon atoms and on hydrogen molecules in the presence of an intense pulsed C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ laser field. The authors present measurements for several values of the incoming electron energy, the electron scattering angle, and the angle between the laser polarization vector and the electron momentum transfer. All observations are in qualitative agreement with a recent theoretical model based on a low-frequency approximation.


Heat processing of dehulled, defatted sunflower flour resulted in a reduction in phenolic constituents, the destruction of chlorogenic acid (CGA) being more than that of caffeic acid (CA) and quinic acid (QA). Considerable losses in the available lysine rather than total lysine content were observed when sunflower flour was autoclaved at 1 kg/cm 2 (120C) for periods varying from 5 to 60 rain. The N solubility of sunflower protein in 0.02N NaOH showed a progressive decrease as the duration of heat treatment increased. Moderate heat treatment (15 rain at 120 C) of the flour had no significant beneficial effect on in vitro digestibility. Any advantage in decreasing the levels of CGA, CA and QA contents by moderate heat treatment apparently was lost by the decrease in available lysine content, thus lowering the protein efficiency ratio (PER) from 1.97 to 1.71 and Net Protein Utilization (NPU) from 62.7 to 54. 8, respectively.


In the ontology-based approaches for automated information integration, the problem of aligning or merging different ontologies is well-known. Ontologies which are developed independently have semantic mismatches that hinder the ontology integration. In this paper, we propose a well-founded ontology modeling framework for components libraries based on Guarino's theory of upper ontology. Using the framework, ontology developers can model the knowledge of components libraries systematically and consistently, so that the mismatches are confined within a manageable form which a software program can solve automatically. We also discuss an experimental application of our proposal to a real case of mold and die components libraries.


In order to improve the precision and efficient of the heat error compensation for the numerical machine,the heat error compensation method of the numerical machine depending on the wavelet neutral network was studied in depth.Firstly,the mathematical model of the wavelet neutral network was put forward;and then the train method of the wavelet neutral network based on genetic algorithm was established;and finally using the numerical controlling milling machine as example,and the heat error compensation calculating was carried out,and the predicting precision of the heat error compensation of the numerical controlling machine was acquired by using wavelet neutral network.


The existing approaches to assessing the strategic potential of economic systems have been explored in the article. It has been established that one of the main problems in assessing the level of strategic potential is the determination of a list of indicators that will allow to comprehensively determine the capabilities of enterprises and take into account the peculiarities of its development. It is proposed that a comprehensive assessment of the level of strategic potential of healthcare institutions of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia" be carried out on the basis of a developed methodological approach based on the determination of integrated indicators of the main components of strategic potential (resource and adaptation potential) and their components (material, technical, financial, economic, labor, innovative, information potentials and reserves, the effectiveness of the management system, the marketing potential of the corporate cult cheers and organizations of interconnections and relationships with the external environment). The application of this approach allows assessing the components of the potential, taking into account the level of fitness of institutions for changing conditions, identifying weaknesses and developing an effective mechanism for activating the strategic potential of healthcare institutions of Ukrzaliznytsya JSC. The groups of indicator indicators and their content are determined. Such groups include indicators characterizing: the provision of institutions with material and technical resources and the effectiveness of their use; the effectiveness of financial support of the institution; efficient use of labor resources; provision of institutions with innovative technologies; information security institutions to save health; the presence of external and internal capabilities of the institution; level of organization of activity, management; the possibility of positioning the institution in the medical services market; level of organization of labor, labor relations, institution culture; supply chain efficiency. The assessment of the level of strategic potential of healthcare institutions of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsya". Assessment of the level of strategic potential of healthcare institutions of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsya" indicates the availability of opportunities to activate the strategic potential and its use in providing developed institutions


Despite their hypothesized potential to change lives and promote social policy goals, the track record of faith-based public policies is less than stellar. Using survey, administrative, and organizational case study data from a California faith-based initiative, we find that the commonly used implementation strategy—featuring a top-down, short-term approach that funds isolated local organizations—demonstrates little power to nurture enduring programs and partnerships at the community level. Our analysis of why this is so suggests the possible viability of an alternative implementation strategy that takes community social service networks as the unit of action and analysis. A next step for policy and research might be carefully monitored local demonstrations that foster government partnerships with a broad cross-section of community and faith-related organizations within a single locale, seeking to develop a coordinated continuum of community care by patiently building network capacity for the long haul.


Original Research Article Background: Immediately after tooth extraction, placing of dental implants has become an increasingly prevalent approach for bone preservation and treatment time reduction. This method not only reduces therapy time but also enhances esthetics by maintaining surrounding soft tissue. Objectives: Comparing and determining proof for the survival and achievement rates of implants in pristine and infected locations. Materials and Methods: An electronic search for papers released between April 2013 and December 2018 was performed on the PubMed website, Medline database. The titles and abstracts of these findings were read in order to recognize studies under inclusion and exclusion criteria. All review articles, case series and case reports have been excluded. In English only papers were made. Results: Originally 62 documents were made by the search strategy. The selection criteria included four trials. Manual search supplied additional records. Five studies have finally been included. Conclusion: This research suggested that after thorough debriding and use of the appropriate operating method, it could be feasible to place the implant immediately on infected sockets.


In this account, our recent results on the application of substituted 1-lithio-1,3-dienes as building blocks for the preparation of a wide variety of cyclic compounds and linear compounds are brief...


[16941-12-1] Cl6H14O6Pt (MW 517.92)

InChI = 1S/6ClH.6H2O.Pt/h6*1H;6*1H2;/q;;;;;;;;;;;;+4/p-4

InChIKey = PIJUVEPNGATXOD-UHFFFAOYSA-J

(catalyst for hydrosilylation, hydrogenation, carbonylation, coupling, and oxidation)

Alternate Names: CPA; chloroplatinic acid; hexachloroplatinic acid; Speier's catalyst.

Physical Data: mp 60 °C, d 2.431 g cm−3.

Solubility: sol water, alcohol, ether.

Form Supplied in: brownish-yellow crystalline mass; very deliquescent; widely available.

Drying: compound decomposes on heating.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: harmful if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin. The compound may be carcinogenic. Use in a fume hood.


Numerical analysis using the FLUENT is performed for the 138K LNG carrier of the MOERI. In this study, results according to the number and also the type of the grid, different turbulent models, variations of y+ are compared with experiments and computational results from the WAVIS. RSM model gives good result in comparison with other models, and the more the number of grid increase, the better the resistance converges to the constant value. Additionally, it is confirmed that the resistance and wake distributions vary with the change of y+, and O-O type grid yields better wake distributions than that of O-H type. Average velocity distributions and velocity profiles are mainly in accord with experiments and computational results of the WAVIS, however, present results in the region of transom and tip of leading edge of the rudder are poor for the lower velocity components comparing with that of the WAVIS.


The relevance and problem of formation of articulation skills in students of higher educational institutions is primarily due to the need for their application in subsequent professional activities. Now very often teachers of higher educational institutions face problems of pronunciation at students that, undoubtedly, leads to violation of assimilation of part of the information conveyed verbally. It is verbal information that is the main resource in educational institutions, respectively, diction and articulation attract special attention. The formation of elementary gestures of articulation is influenced by social, general life and musical sensory, kinetic experience, based on a wide range of sound-like representations and associations (experience of movements, feelings, experiences, emotions, etc.). The purpose of our study was to develop a program that promotes the development of articulation and improve diction, as well as to study its application to students. The study obtained that the most efficient type of breathing is the abdominal type, because with such a breath deeper than ventilated lungs, facilitates venous return from the abdomen to the heart, the respiratory cycle consumes the least effort from the point of view of energy consumption. Men are more easily and effectively trained in diaphragmatic breathing, according to the results of the study. A group of subjects with the help of BOS procedures learned to master the rhythm and depth of breathing, which especially affects the diction and articulation of human speech.


To transcribe Guqin Jianzi pu (reduced notation) is a highly-professional, time-consuming and laborious work. If to identify and transcribe characters in Jianzi pu can be pursued automatically by means of advanced artificial intelligence techniques, even if the work is subsidiary it will play an important role in the development of Guqin Jianzi pu transcription and contribute to protect and promote Guqin culture as well. This paper investigates the attributes of Guqin Jianzi pu and proposes an OCR method for segmentation and extraction notations from images of Jianzi pu, including algorithms and implementations of pretreatment of initial scanned images of Jianzi pu, segmentation and extraction of Jianzi pu from mixed notation of Jianzi pu and stuff notation and segmentation and extraction of characters from a single line Jianzi pu. This work orients to the particularities of Guqin Jianzi pu and performs universally, so to some extent it also enriches the research on Chinese character segmentation.


Image feature detection and matching are still important to many applications in computer vision. Light field imaging captures structured multi-view data, which provides a potential capability for solving the polysemy problem of feature matching. In this paper, we propose a light field multi-scale blocked LBP feature extraction and matching algorithm based on the light field spatial-angular domain. The proposed algorithm is on the basis of the classic local binary pattern feature, which can be enhanced by adding the description of the variations of different angular views. First, the Harris feature detection is employed to select feature candidates from the light field central sub-aperture images. Then, an orientation selection is introduced to calculate the most invariant angular neighbors. We suggest extracting the local binary pattern features of the selected angular views and stitching them together, to form a novel light field multi-scale blocked LBP feature. Finally, the distance between different features is measured using the vector cosine similarity. The proposed algorithm achieves an average matching precision of 93% in both virtual and real scenes on the paired light fields matching dataset. The proposed algorithm outperforms the classical SIFT feature and the state-of-the-art light field feature. The proposed local binary features are also significantly better than SIFT features and LiFF features in terms of descriptor length.


SUBTITLE: TO REDUCE NOISE AND VIBRATION FROM A CYLINDER-ON-DEMAND ENGINE IN THREE-CYLINDER MODE, ENGINEERS AT HONDA R&D HAVE DEVELOPED AN ACTIVE ENGINE MOUNT SYSTEM.


This paper – the first Sir Harold Bailey Memorial Lecture delivered on 16 December 1999, the hundredth anniversary of his birth – offers biographical details that were not included in Emmerick's biography of Bailey (see Abs. Ir. 22 (1999), c.r. n° 31) and outlines his attitude towards philological research. Emmerick also reinterprets a Khotanese passage in the lyrical verses of the Stael-Holstein roll that was translated by Bailey as early as 1930 and again in 1951 (StH 73 : khvā na vijsye va...


We documented that stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in rats subjected to the high fructose (80%) diet for one month counteracts hypertension and compromised optic disc head circulation and following atrophy. BPC 157 (LD1 not achieved) was implemented as an anti‐ulcer peptide in IBD trials and now in a multiple sclerosis trial (Curr Pharm Des 2018;24(18):1990–2001). BPC 157 may regulate blood pressure, providing that it largely interacts with NO‐system, and it counteracts L‐NAME‐hypertension as well as L‐arginine‐hypertension. Also, BPC 157 counteracts adverse effect of the insulin‐over‐dose, which may be important providing insulin‐over release causing hypertension in rats on high fructose (80%) diet (J Physiol Pharmacol 2009;60 Suppl 7:107–14). To date, BPC 157 maintained corneal transparency, total debridement of corneal epithelium cured with no corneal neovascularization, perforating corneal incisions in rats successfully closed and no new vessels, providing a particular healing and vascular effect (Eur J Pharmacol 2016;771:211–9; Exp Eye Res 2015;136:9–15). Likewise, in glaucoma model (rats with episcleral veins cauterization), BPC 157 counteracts increased intraocular pressure (IOP), preserves retinal and optic nerve integrity (FASEB J 2016;30 (Suppl 1), 1201.4.; 2017;31 (Suppl 1), 666.2). In the present study, at the end of the 1 month period of the high fructose (80%) diet, in control rats (with main blood pressure ranging 130–155 mmHg), we documented very pale optic disc head with well‐defined outer borders. In addition, excavation noticed suggests compromised optic disc head circulation and following atrophy. Very thin arteries and very thick and full of blood veins appear, resulting in arterial/vein diameter ratio about 1/4. Reduced background red reflex and brightness from choroid appears evidencing decreased blood flow and decreased choroidal blood filling. Contrarily, in rats that in addition to high fructose (80%) diet, received BPC 157 in drinking water (10 ng/kg/rat/day) and presented with mean blood pressure ranging 113–125 mmHg for one month, all of this changes are markedly attenuated. Optic disc head appears more vivid and healthy without no so much compromised circulation, arterial/vein diameter ratio is about 3/4 which looks more normal and physiological (Figure 1, control (right); BPC 157 (left)). Choroid in rats drinking BPC 157 is much brighter with the most intense red color and reflex. Note, in rats with high (80%) fructose diet, in the more prolonged period, BPC 157 also counteracts Langerhans islands hyperplasia. In conclusion, BPC 157 therapy may be further hypertension therapy. This may be particularly the case in the condition of the vascular obstruction providing its particular effect on endothelium integrity and reestablishing blood flow continuity (Vascul Pharmacol 2018;106:54–66; WJG 2017;23(48):8465–88).


Based on a review of research papers on carbon nanotubes since 1991,we may classify organic chemical functionalizations of the carbon nanotubes into twelve categories,that is,addition reaction,fluorination and defluorination,reaction with amines,free-radical reaction,hydroboration,epoxidation,sulfonation,thiolation,reaction with diazo,reaction with organosilane,reaction with organometal,and ring closure reaction.These reactions were discussed in this paper with 41 references.


In this paper, a new method of determining boiler soot-blowing steam flow rate was proposed. By this method, three tests of unaccounted-for leakage rate of the unit thermal system should be conducted without soot blowing, and the unaccounted-for leakage ratio difference between arbitrary two tests should be within 0.10%. The average value of three unaccounted-for leakage flow rate test results was used as the final result of unit unaccounted-for leakage flow to determine the flow rate of soot-blowing steam. During the test period of power output and heat rate, the calculation of soot blowing steam flow rate took account of the result of unaccounted-for leakage tests and the water level change of condenser hot well, deaerator and boiler drum.


Purpose – The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how funding support for intergenerational initiatives can have a positive impact on individuals and communities. The author aims to argue that there are strong motivations for organisations and associations supported by local and national government to adopt intergenerational approaches to their work and to outline areas where need for future work remains.Design/methodology/approach – The paper describes learning gained from initiatives supported through a four‐year funding programme by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. Highlighting research by a range of parties on the need for and value of intergenerational work, the article moves on to describing key success factors identified through its own programme of work in creating high impact intergenerational work.Findings – Drawing on experience gained from the support of some 50 projects under the Foundation's programme, a number of key elements are identified in the paper as particularly effective in...


A CA-UCON (Context-Aware Usage CONtrol) model is an extension of the traditional UCON (Usage CONtrol) model which enables adaptation to environmental changes in the aim of preserving continuity of access. When the authorisations and obligations requirements are met by the subject and the object, and the conditions requirements fail due to changes in the environment or the system context, CA-UCON model triggers specific actions to adapt to the new situation. Besides the data protection, CA-UCON model also enhances the quality of services, striving to keep explicit interactions with the user at a minimum. In this paper, we propose an architecture of the reference monitor for the CA-UCON model and investigate a variety of enforcement approaches in ubiquitous computing systems; whether centralised, distributed or hybrid; depending on applications.


Abstract We present models of the three-dimensional (3D) seismic attenuation structure, both Q p and Q s , for a 16 km 2 area centered on the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD). The P - and S -wave t * -values used in the inversion were determined from local earthquake data recorded by seismic network and portable array stations within the Parkfield region by inverting arrival spectra for source parameters, t * , and site response. Two techniques for determining the site response, the joint and alternating methods, were compared and it was found that the alternating method significantly underestimated site response variations. The t * -values were inverted to obtain 3D frequency-independent Q p and Q s models using 3D V p and V s models and associated event locations. A shallow low- Q area ( Q p and Q s about 50–75) on the southwest edge of both models is attributed to the low-velocity Cenozoic sedimentary rocks that overlie the Salinian basement rock. A high- Q feature ( Q p and Q s about 250 to 300) abuts this area and is interpreted as the Salinian basement. Adjacent to the San Andreas fault (SAF) trace, on its southwest side, there is a low- Q feature ( Q p and Q s about 50–80) attributed to a wedge of sedimentary rocks; uniformly low Q p - and Q s -values suggest that the wedge is fluid rich. A low- Q basin feature ( Q p and Q s about 50–75) on the northeast side of the SAF is interpreted as a fluid rich zone. Beneath this area there is a high- Q feature ( Q p and Q s about 220–300), which may be caused by crack closure due to increased pressure with depth in the rocks of the Franciscan formation. Given these high Q -values, it seems unlikely that this area acts as a fluid pathway for fluids entering the fault zone from the east into the seismogenic zone of the SAF.


Every phenomenon that could be considered a single element of a certain multiplicity, we call an element; the collection of all phenomena constituting the material of activity we call practical reality. We include here thus all phenomena that are usually defined as motives, aims, means, and the results of acting, regardless of whether they relate solely to the individual or whether they have a social nature. Thus both sensory phenomena and cultural phenomena, that is, those which appear in sensory form yet have significance that is not exhausted by their sensory content, are included here. For the time being, though, we understand activity solely as a process of conscious transformation: the changing of phenomena, in either their sensory form or their cultural significance. Therefore, it is obvious that our entire experience, without exception, can be viewed as practical reality, because there are no phenomena that cannot be changed and that have not been changed by humans in conscious life. Even phenomena that are apparently in their nature entirely independent of our activity (for instance, astronomical phenomena) change their significance in accord with the development of thought about them, or, in other words, they are not only natural phenomena, they are also cultural phenomena. The designation of practical reality and its elements cannot thus be accomplished with the help of a simple indication and the separation of a certain group of phenomena from other groups, but only by discovering those general characteristics


The planning method of jumping for a 4-wheeled robot with a flexible tail is proposed in this paper. The robot can reach an aerial target position and attitude by using an input which this method plans. Generally, a 4-wheeled robot cannot move in a rough terrain due to the pit. To overcome that problem, we propose a method of jumping for a 4-wheeled robot by using its tail, which is inspired by the concept of tails in animals. In addition, the proposed method widens the area where the robot can work. The proposed planning method is confirmed by simulations and shown that the robot reaches to the target position and attitude.


The 3D Panel Method can obtain the 3D potential flow field just by the surface mesh attached to the wind turbine blade and give accurate pressure coefficient distribution et.3D flow information without consuming too much computational time.So the 3D Panel Method provides an efficient access to the analysis of 3D flow field of HAWT.The boundary layer model is an efficient method for analyzing the viscous flow near the blade,which provides suitable complimentary for the Panel Method.Based on the 3D Panel Method and the 2D boundary layer model,a viscous and inviscid interaction model is created in this paper.After validating the accuracy of 3D Panel Method by the case of the potential flow field around the Joukowsky airfoil,a detailed analysis of the 3D flow field of NREL Phase VI wind turbine blade is carried out.The results show that the interaction model is efficient and accurate,so that it is suitable for the study of aeroelastic problem of HAWT.


Since May 1972, the St. Croix Artificial Upwelling Project has utilized a constant flow of nutrient-rich water, pumped from 870 m depth in the sea into ponds (100 m2, one m deep) on the north shore of St. Crolx, to produce phytoplankton. This phytoplankton suspension was pumped continuously to filter-feeding shellfish.

Initial technical feasibility experiments have demonstrated that Mercenaria campechiensis, a hybrid of M. mercenaria x M. campechiensis, Tapes japonica, Ostrea edulis, Crassostrea gigas, C. gigas Kumamoto variety, Argopecten irradians and Pinctada martensii grew rapidly in this system. Crassostrea virginica and M. mercenaria did not grow well.

From October 1976 until October 1978, the St. Croix Artificial Upwelling Mariculture system was operated in pilot-plant fashion to determine yields and provide a basis for cost estimates of the system. Tapes japonica used in the pilot plant were produced in the hatchery of the Artificial Upwelling system in St. Croix. The phytoplankton protein production achieved in the pilot plant, including the down-time of the nutrient-limited pools for cleaning and reinoculation, was equivalent to 8.1 tons/ha/year from July 1977 until July 1978. During a 12-month period of pilot plant operation (October 1977-October 1978), 423 kg of Tapes japonica were produced, corresponding to 22% conversion efficiency of phytoplankton protein to shellfish meat protein and 42.3 tons of shellfish produced/year/ha of phytoplankton pond. An economic evaluation of the pilot plant results is underway.


Taking the agricultural technical advance and development conditions of 11 city-regions in Jiangxi Province into consideration,the evaluation index system for agricultural technical advance level was established.The cross-sectional data of agricultural technical advance and development levels of various city-regions of Jiangxi Province in 2008 was selected and the regional agricultural technical advance level of Jiangxi Province was evaluated comprehensively by using mutation evaluation.The results showed that the agricultural technical advance level of middle and northern plain in Jiangxi Province was far higher than that of southern hills and mountains.


Health monitoring is an essential task for lithium battery systems. Recently, with the development of data-driven methods, deep learning has been successfully deployed for state-of-health (SOH) estimation. However, existing models trained using raw samples directly usually contain noise due to sensor errors. To enhance the performance of SOH prediction, short-term segments are extracted for SOH estimation based on reasonable SOC ranges. To address the measuring error that exists in the voltage and temperature samples, the reconstructed feature series (RFSs) is designed to restrain the signals' noise. Then, a CNN-GRU network with attention mechanism is proposed to achieve SOH estimation based on short-term RFSs' samples. To further enhance accuracy, a parallel structure is designed to fuse the feature information from both streams, raw samples, and RFSs in a reasonable manner. The performance of our proposed method is validated over a wide range of experiments on the Oxford battery degradation dataset, where the RMSE and MAE averaged 0.582% and 0.524%, respectively, demonstrating its forward estimation performance.


This paper analyzes on the characteristics and present situation of university librarians, discusses on the importance of librarians' continuous edu cation, and points out that the continuous education of keeping learning uninter ruptedly, expanding the new knowledge and mastering the new techniques is the be st way for the librarians to improve the comprehensive quality, increase the wor king ability, optimize the knowledge structure and keep pace with the developmen t of the times.


We clarify how the requirement of conservative extension features in the thinking of various deationists, and how this relates to another litmus claim, that the truth-predicate stands for a real, substantial property. We discuss how the deationist can accommodate the result, to which Cieslinski draws attention, that non-conservativeness attends even the generalization that all logical theorems in the language of arithmetic are true. Finally we provide a four-fold categorization of various forms of deationism, by reference to the two claims of conservativeness and substantiality. This helps to clarify the various possible positions in the deationism debate.


The factors involved in the evaluation of unconstrained air transportation systems were carefully analyzed. By definition an unconstrained system is taken to be one in which the design can employ innovative and advanced concepts no longer limited by present environmental, social, political or regulatory settings. Four principal evaluation criteria are involved: (1) service utilization, based on the operating performance characteristics as viewed by potential patrons; (2) community impacts, reflecting decisions based on the perceived impacts of the system; (3) technological feasibility, estimating what is required to reduce the system to practice; and (4) financial feasibility, predicting the ability of the concepts to attract financial support. For each of these criteria, a set of terms or descriptors was identified, which should be used in the evaluation to render it complete. It is also demonstrated that these descriptors have the following properties: (a) their interpretation may be made by different groups of evaluators; (b) their interpretations and the way they are used may depend on the stage of development of the system in which they are used; (c) in formulating the problem, all descriptors should be addressed independent of the evaluation technique selected.


The surge in international investment activities has led to a corresponding increase in international investment disputes, presenting significant challenges for states. State immunity serves as a fundamental concept designed to shield sovereign states from being subjected to lawsuits or foreign court jurisdiction. By affording this protection, state immunity permits states and their representatives to carry out crucial public functions without undue interference. Against this backdrop, this review article undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the role of state immunity in resolving international investment disputes and explores its implications for adjudication processes. The study critically examines the intricate interplay between state immunity and international investment disputes, elucidating how this legal principle influences the resolution of such conflicts. It explores the mechanisms through which state immunity operates, highlighting its impact on the ability of investors to pursue legal actions against states in international tribunals or national courts. By delving into relevant case law, international treaties, and legal principles, this review article evaluates the extent to which state immunity can limit or undermine the rights of foreign investors and the implications this has for the effectiveness and fairness of adjudication in investment disputes. Furthermore, the study assesses the evolving international legal framework surrounding state immunity and its implications for the resolution of investment disputes. It analyzes recent developments, including shifts in state practices, treaty provisions, and judicial decisions, to shed light on emerging trends and challenges in this area. By providing a comprehensive examination of state immunity in the context of international investment disputes, this review article contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics between states and foreign investors and offers insights into the evolving landscape of investment arbitration.


Cleome rutidosperma, Linn [Family-Cleomaceae] is claimed to relieve earache, pain. However thorough literature survey indicated that different plants of the same genus available in tropical parts of India have various reported biological activities like antifungal activity, antibacterial activity. So it is reasonable to expect that this plant might have similar kind of biological activity. The present study was undertaken to explore the antifungal potential of different solvent extracts of aerial parts against selected fungal species.


Contents ?1. Introduction: history of the problem, the one-dimensional Schr?dinger operator ?2. The non-stationary one-dimensional Schr?dinger equation ?3. One-dimensional difference operators ?4. The Laplace transformation and the two-dimensional Schr?dinger operator in a magnetic field ?5. Difference equations and Laplace transformations. The hyperbolic case ?6. The Laplace transformation for elliptic two-dimensional difference operators on a regular lattice. Equations of a triangle, curvature ?7. Factorizations and Laplace transformations on many-dimensional lattices of regular tetahedra in ?8. Factorizations of operators and Laplace transformations on two-dimensional surfaces ?9. Simplicial connections. Generalizations Bibliography


A primary goal of self-driving car manufacturers is to create an autonomous car system that is clearly and demonstrably safer than an average human-controlled car. The real-world tests are expensive, time-consuming and potentially dangerous. The virtual simulation is therefore required. The autonomous driving valet parking is expected to be the first commercially available automated driving function without a human driver at the wheel (SAE Level 4). Although many simulation solutions for the automotive market already exist, none of them features the parking environments. In this paper, we propose a new software virtual scenario generator for the parking sites. The tool populates the synthetics parking maps with objects and actions related to these environments: the cars driving from the drop-off point towards the vacant slots and the randomly placed parked cars, each with a given probability of exiting its slot. The generated scenarios are in the OpenSCENARIO format and are fully simulated in the Virtual Test Drive simulator.


ABSTRACT Diameter distribution modeling is an essential tool for obtaining reliable information on the structure, growth, and yield of forests. However, this tool has not been duly utilized in many forest plantations, especially in Nigeria. Thus, this article presents the effectiveness of using the Johnson SB function for modeling diameter distributions of a Gmelina arborea plantation in Omo Forest Reserve, Nigeria. Fifty plots of 0.04 ha were randomly selected across three age series. All trees with DBH ≥ 5.0 cm in the selected plots were measured. Three fitting methods for the SB distribution were compared: conditional maximum likelihood (CML), moments (MOM), and Knoebel and Burkhart (KB) methods. The parameter recovery model (PRM) was used to recover the parameters of the distribution. The assessment was based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S), mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and bias. The results showed that the underlying diameter distribution of the Gmelina arborea followed the Johnson's SB distribution fitted with MOM. The number of rejections by the K-S test was zero for MOM and CML. The mean K-S value for MOM was statistically different from CML and KB methods. The results obtained after recovering the parameters of the SB distribution were comparable with the real distributions of the Gmelina arborea stand.


Objective:To investigate the changes of T lymphocytes sub-types in recurrent spontaneous abortion women before and after lymphocytes initiative immunotherapy.Methods:T lymphocytes sub-types in peripheral blood were detected by f1ow Cytometry and compared in 60 cases of RSA and 30 cases of normal fertilized women as well as 30 cases of RSA after lymphocytes initiative immunotherapy.Results:(1)Compared with control group,CD4+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio increased significantly in RSA women,there were no significant changes in CD3+ cells and CD8+ cells.(2)CD4+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio decreased significantly after lymphocytes initiative immunotherapy,there were still no significant changes in CD3+ cells and CD8+ cells.Conclusions:Cellular immune function of T lymphocytes has been disorder in recurrent spontaneous abortion women.Changes of T lymphocytes sub-types would happened after lymphocytes initiative immunotherapy,which will be in favor of next conception.


In recent years, with the rapid development of China's capital market, strong shareholders' stock pledge activity has occurred frequently and has received increasing attention. The disclosure of company's information is the main way for investors to know about the enterprise. The company's information transparency will also affect the enterprise construction project cost. Based on this, the paper selects all a-share construction enterprises from 2006 to 2016 as samples to study the impact of stock pledge of ultimate owner and information transparency on construction project costs. First of all, the article examines the impact of the stock pledge on project cost. Then, referring to Bhattacharya's research, this paper used earnings aggressiveness and earnings smoothing as the measurement of transparency. The relationship between the transparency and the construction project cost discussed when the transparency is taken as the moderator variable. The research found that the stock pledge of ultimate owner will constrain construction project expenditure and that transparency is positively correlated with construction project cost. The research also found improving firm's transparency can alleviate the cost constraints which was caused by pledge.


For better industrial production of continuous gel formation technology for FCC catalyst, the research on the microstructure of pseudoboehmite and its gel-dissolving performance has been made and the conditions for pseudoboehmite slurry storage have been explored. The experiments, such as storage after slurrying, storage after acidifying and storage after milling, have been done respectively. All these above effectively ensure the realization of continuous gel formation technology for FCC catalyst.


Purpose: The aim of this article was to compare longitudinal changes in hip morphology in cerebral palsy (hypertonic) and spinal muscular atrophy (hypotonic) to examine the influence of muscle tone on development of hip displacement. Methods: Children with spinal muscular atrophy (Types I and II) and cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification System IV and V) with hip displacement (migration percentage >30%) were included. Head shaft angle, migration percentage, and acetabular index were measured at T1 (1–2.5 years), T2 (3–5 years), and T3 (6–8 years). Analysis of variance testing and linear regression were utilized. Results: Sixty patients (cerebral palsy, N = 41; spinal muscular atrophy, N = 19) were included. Hip displacement occurred earlier in spinal muscular atrophy (34 months) than cerebral palsy (49 months) (p = 0.003). Head shaft angle was high and did not change between T1, T2, and T3, but significant changes in migration percentage were found (cerebral palsy: 23%, 36%, 45% (p < 0.01) and spinal muscular atrophy: 37%, 57%, 61% (p = 0.02)). Migration percentage increased by age in cerebral palsy (r = 0.41, p < 0.001), but not in spinal muscular atrophy (r = 0.18, p = 0.09). Acetabular index increased with migration percentage (cerebral palsy: r = 0.41, p < 0.001; spinal muscular atrophy: r = 0.48, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Persistent lateral physeal tilt by head shaft angle was found for both spinal muscular atrophy and cerebral palsy. Abnormal physeal alignment may be causally related to weakness of the hip abductor muscles rather than spasticity or muscle imbalance, resulting in coxa valga and secondary acetabular dysplasia. Level of evidence: III (case–control study).


Heat is defined as the heat energy possessed by a substance. In general, to detect the presence of heat possessed by an object that is by measuring the temperature of the object. The size of the required heat of an object (substance) depends on three factors: the mass of a substance, the type of substance (specific heat), and temperature changes. Measurement of the amount of the heat of reaction is absorbed or released in a chemical reaction with an experiment called calorimetry. While the tool used to measure the amount of heat (calorific value) exemptions for the calorimeter. Calorimeter is divided into two types, namely the bomb calorimeter and calorimeter solution. Kerosine (petroleum) is apetroleum fraction having a boiling area around 174-275oC. Kerosene (kerosene) is a mixture of alkanes with chain C12H26-C15H32. In this research study on the effect of stirring on the performance in the bomb calorimeter measurement of calorific value of petroleum. Power calorimeter is turned on, then fill with kerosene bomb tube of 500 ml, and as much as 5 liters of water tube and then insert the variable T1 (the sample temperature is 55° C, the water temperature of 33oC), variable stirrer (10 rpm, 20 rpm and 30 rpm) , Subsequently turn the heater so that the sample can reach T1, when the sample temperature and the water temperature has reached T1, turn off the heater and press lighters, observe the changes to the last two constant variables to record three times (this temperature as T2). The calorific value obtained reaction among others 15.270,96 kcal/kg, 10.115,07 kcal/kg, and 5.967,17 kcal/kg.. Best is the second experiment to produce a reaction calorific value 10.115,07 kcal/kg..
Keywords: bomb calorimeter, kerosene, heating value


This is a look at the emotional and sexual lives of Russian lesbians and gays. It examines the pervasive influence of the state on gay life. Part travelogue, part social history and part journalistic enquiry, the book sets out to challenge assumptions about what it means to be gay. The book also explores key issues in Russian and Soviet life, including concepts of friendship, community, gender, love, fate, and the relationship between the public and private spheres.


At the beginning of his narrative, Glassheim writes about the functioning of a noble value system and the maintenance of social barriers; having arrived in the 1930s, however, he narrates parallel stories of a "Czech" and a "German" nobility as if they were separate groups interconnected only by seemingly superficial social activities (like balls or hunting parties). But even in the 1940s, there are examples of nobles who had national sympathies for one side or the other, but for whom an overall aristocratic identity still prevailed. Glassheim's study thus shows that separate noble discourses were deeply rooted in the noble economy as well as in the Lebenswelt of the Bohemian nobility—discourses in which individual nobles participated even if they saw themselves as radical activists for the respective nation. Finally, Glassheim clearly shows that it was the perceptions and political strategies of non-nobles that most influenced the "successful" nationalization of the Bohemian nobility.


The main technological points are introduced and discussed for concrete batching plant design from structural style, aggregate technology and requirements, mix proportion and other aspects. Author points out that this technological design is worthy of being used for references by designers engaged in relevant area.


THERE: ARE NO previous reports of sclerodermatous changes involving the carotid artery and few detailed descriptions of affected cerebral arteries. Cerebrovascular lesions are conimon in periarteritis and lupus erytheinatosus which involve vessels of similar size.'-:{ In scleroderma-or progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) -however, damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is rarely reported and then usually in association with renal failure and hypertension. This report presents the case of a woman with a ten-year progression of typical systemic sclerosis whose final hospitalization was precipitated by hemiplegia and aphasia. The eliiiicul diagnosis of cerebral infarction was supported by arteriography. The angiographic appearance of a narrowed left internal carotid artery and proximal occlusion of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries was confirmed at autopsy.


This paper presents an improved analysis of magnetic force compensation in a bearingless induction motor with a squirrel cage rotor. The expressions for rotor flux linkage are derived. Simulation blocks of suspension force are constructed. A novel control system, which compensates the delay and direction error in suspension force generation for a squirrel cage rotor is proposed. The efficacy of the proposed control system is established by both simulation and experiment.


When you've done your best to teach a mother good nutrition and nothing happens, it sometimes helps to find out who gives the orders in the family.


General Electric's Automatic Meter Reading and Control (AMRAC) system will help utilities manage loads in an effort to conserve energy and keep down the need for electric-generating capacity. By influencing users to reduce their daily peak loads, AMRAC will help utilities increase load factor in order to increase utilization of existing generating units. AMRAC Phase 1 was installed on line for Philadelphia Electric in late 1974 and 1975 to test the encoder and communication. By the end of 1976 the next generation of AMRAC equipment was installed on six utility systems. Phase II was to test distribution line communication in conjunction with a fully-functional load management system. Results of these trials are summarized. GE is in the process of implementing Phase III. The system design is discussed. (MCW)


INTRODUCTION
The main purpose of this contribution is to set today's situation of technology assessment and point to some organizing and integrative ways with the evolution concern ASL (Local Health Firm).

PATIENTS AND METHODS
We outline main critical processes that fix correct management of technological resource thought data available in national and international literature. We single out more common methods to quantify, evaluate, control and manage biomedical technologies.

RESULTS
We expound decisional process that lead Viterbo ASL (Local Health Firm) to a progressive controll of tecnological resource and its management after aggregation of the five USL (Local Health Units) that constituted Viterbo ASL and describe procedures assumed.

CONCLUSIONS
We underline the importance of full and complete information in business and decisional process. Inside the complexity of italian view, we outline an organizative solution with a low economic impact and with a high technical content.


It is well established that magnetic fields exist in astronomical objects of all scales, in planets, stars,galaxies and clusters of galaxies. Magnetic fields play a crucial role in star formation, solar and stel-lar activity, pulsars, magnetars, accretion disks, formation and stability jets, origin of cosmic rays,and stability of galactic disks. It is generally accepted that cosmic magnetic fields are producedby dynamo processes operating on various scales. In these processes the magnetic field is main-tained against Ohmic dissipation by turbulent motions, and despite the turbulent nature it showsremarkable self-organization properties, forming sunspots and starspots, magnetic loop structures,magnetic spiral arms etc. These phenomena show striking similarity suggesting that the basic phys-ical mechanisms are essentially the same.The Sun is our Rosetta stone when it comes to magnetic-field studies in the entire Universe. Thesolar magnetism is studied in great details, from global fields of the interior by helioseismology,to the smallest resolved and even unresolved scales by new large ground-based telescopes (SST,GREGOR, BBSO NST) and from space (SOHO, RHESSI, STEREO, Hinode, and SDO (scheduledfor launch in 2009). In addition, significant progress has been made in realistic numerical MHDsimulations. This progress in observations and modeling provides a good basis for solving theproblem of the solar dynamo and formation of self-organized magnetic structures during the nextdecade. This will have tremendous impact in many fields of astrophysics.However, this new science opportunity requires focused coordinated efforts in observations,modeling and theory. This opportunity can be realized with relatively modest investments, mostly,for supporting the projects that already exist or are under development. The Sun is the only objectthat can be observed to the level of details sufficient for investigation of the basic physical processesin a magnetized astrophysical plasma. These processes are a cornerstone of modern astrophysics.A key element of this opportunity is the understanding of interlinks between small-scale turbu-lent properties of magnetized plasma and large-scale dynamo processes. It has been long assumedthat the turbulent properties, such as turbulent diffusivity and helicity, define the large-scale behaviorof the magnetized plasma with some simple back-reaction, but recent plasma experiments and theo-retical studies showed that the large-scale flows and structures may significantly alter the turbulence,and that this may cause large-scale organization in plasma


Stereo matching is the core algorithm of stereo vision technology,with computationally intensive,poor real-time.Existing FPGA-based real-time implementations use expensive chip.This paper presents a hardware architecture of Census stereo matching algorithm,which implemented with Altera FPGA chip Cyclone Ⅱ.It can realize 640480 images' real-time matching.Compared with existing FPGA-based methods,it has low resource consumption,while matching with high speed.It is suitable for low-cost applications system.


Modern Chinese Mandarin has gone through near a hundred years, it is very important to store its representative sample in digital form permanently. In this paper, we propose a Chinese Mandarin Digital Multi-modal Corpus (CMDMC), which is a digital speech museum with diachronic, opened, crossmedia and sharable features. It has over 3460 hours video and audio files with metadata tagging. The materials, which were generated by the authoritative speakers (e.g. announcers at TV or radio station) with normality, are required samples if we can get them. Based on this resource, we also intend to analyze the syntactic correlations of prosodic phrase in broadcasting news speech, and compare the phonetic and prosodic features in movie dialogues among several same-name movies in different historical eras.


The results of three-year studies on Collembola communities in pine forests along the gradient of pollution with emission from Syktyvkar Timber Industry Complex are presented. It is shown, that specific diversity and number of springtails is decreased near enterprise; spectrum of vital forms and biothopical groups is not changed significantly. Collembola communities of grass pine forest situated in 1.3 km from enterprise are less stable.


We propose a photonic analog-to-digital conversion scheme based on wavelength sampling and wavelength quantizing. The wavelength sampling is realized by using a high-speed electro-optical tunable filter that is controlled by analog electronic signal. The output wavelength of the optical filter is determined by the amplitude of the analog electronic signal. Different amplitude leads to the optical filter outputting different wavelength. The optical filter is based on long-period waveguide grating structure. An arrayed waveguide grating separates the different wavelength into different spatial channel to complete wavelength quantizing function. At the output of the spatial channels, a detector array is used to realize the coding function. The utilization of wavelength sampling and quantizing allows the ADC to achieve high resolution because the sampling and quantizing are carried out in the wavelength domain, which is immune to the intensity noise and jitter. Our ADC scheme is promising to achieve high-resolution and high-speed operation, and allows photonic integration.


Although blocking the binding of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to neuropilin-2 (NRP2) on tumor cells is a potential strategy to treat aggressive carcinomas, a lack of effective reagents that can be used clinically has hampered this potential therapy. Here, we describe the generation of a fully humanized, high-affinity monoclonal antibody (aNRP2-10) that specifically inhibits the binding of VEGF to NRP2, conferring antitumor activity without causing toxicity. Using triple-negative breast cancer as a model, we demonstrated that aNRP2-10 could be used to isolate cancer stem cells (CSCs) from heterogeneous tumor populations and inhibit CSC function and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. aNRP2-10 sensitized cell lines, organoids, and xenografts to chemotherapy and inhibited metastasis by promoting the differentiation of CSCs to a state that is more responsive to chemotherapy and less prone to metastasis. These data provide justification for the initiation of clinical trials designed to improve the response of patients with aggressive tumors to chemotherapy using this monoclonal antibody. Description Inhibiting the binding of VEGF to NRP2 on tumor cells using clinical-grade antibodies sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer to chemotherapy. Creating cancer chemosensitivity Therapies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been developed for multiple types of tumors with varying degrees of success. This incomplete success may partially be due to the number of receptors that bind VEGF. Here, Xu et al. developed and characterized a monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between VEGF and neuropilin-2 (NRP2). This antibody, aNRP2-10, inhibited breast cancer stem cell function and sensitized breast cancer cell lines and organoids to chemotherapy. In vivo, aNRP2-10 inhibited metastasis and augmented the efficacy of chemotherapy. These results support further development of aNRP2-10 and similar antibodies. —CM


Based on the conception of relative-degree of differential geometry theory on nonlinear system, nonlinear disturbance decoupling control on travelling crane electro-hydraulic servo system with dual cylinder was studied. Through define relative-degree of disturbance vectors on the nonlinear system, the sufficient condition of system disturbance decoupling was provided. Then a differential geometry decoupling control approach was presented. The actual application results show that the proposed controller has better tracking and synchronization performance than conventional PID controller


Translated works have always carried on the mission of reading fluency which is firstly considered the quality of translated works. Taking the Spanish novel "The Disorder of Your Name" ("El desorden de tu nombre") as an example, the translator of this novel does not comply with such standard of its fluency. 'Truthful words are not beautiful, beautiful words are not truthful' ("belles infidels"). Such a saying has become the contradiction in the history of translation. This paper focuses on the concept of "pure language" and its related viewpoints, such as "translatability" and "gaze" in Benjamin's "The Task of the Translator" to explain the relation between literary works and translated ones; by taking the Chinese translated version of "El desorden de tu nombre" (《在妳的名字裡失序》) with the purpose of a better inspection. The process of translation is taken as a "gaze" upon the original works; the eyes of such an act which demonstrate its "translatability". The essence of "translatability" illustrates the communion with "pure language". Therefore, translatability and non-translatability they both do not only be viewed from language such a point of view, or rather, from "pure language" instead. In addition, the text in the original work is in the status of "disorder"; that is, disassembling and assembling the words. The words which are assembled anew share a few in common. Hence, the translation of this Spanish novel follows the same disassembling and assembling scheme. This paper applies the idea of the broken bottles of "The Task of The Translator", demonstrating that translation is a dedication of assembling the pieces of broken bottles (isolated words). The emphasis is, the significance of Benjamin's idea of broken bottles is actually giving the translated works another meaning; that is, 'truthful words are not necessarily less beautiful'.


In this paper the linear vibrational model has been used for simulation of impact of two bodies under the given conditions. Equations of motion have been derived in non-dimensional form and numerically integrated for some special cases. The time of duration of impact, impact forces and displacement of bodies during the impact have been obtained. Also the relationship between damping factor and coefficient of restitution for this linear model has been shown.