- A systematic treatment of late Quaternary vertebrate remains from two archaeological cave sites in the Ayamaru Lakes region, central Bird's Head Peninsula, Irian Jaya, documents the occurrence of 41 mammal species, three bird species and an as-yet-undetermined variety of lizards, snakes and frogs. At least nine mammal species are recorded from the Bird's Head for the first time; two of these are described as new and three others are almost certainly extinct on the Bird's Head. The new species are a diminutive striped possum, genus Dacty/opsi/a, and an unusual ringtail possum with no close relatives among extant New Guinean pseudocheirids; the latter species is allocated with considerable reservation to the genus Petallroides, which otherwise includes only the Australian Greater Glider, P. vo/ans. An apparently new species of Pogonomelomys is left unnamed pending wider revision of this group.


Although mammals maintain homeostasis in response to various intake levels of nutrients by controlling their metabolic activities, their excessive intakes cause adverse effects. Since intake levels within homeostatic range are considered to be safe, determination of metabolic upper limit for each nutrient could provide information for their safe intake levels. In this study we tried to identify the rate‐limiting step for methionine (Met) in its excess and to find biomarkers for Met excess determination.


A a discipline that is part math, part science, and part engineering, figuring out where to best house computer science departments is not easy. It is, though, a question that many colleges and universities are facing. This paper provides some of the answers to this question by analyzing correlations between the housing of PhD-granting Computer Science departments in the United States and their performance relative to several key metrics including U.S. News and World Report scores and National Research Council research, department, and student scores. While there is not a one-size-fits-all answer to the question of where to best house CS departments, conclusions are drawn from the analysis of the correlation data.


Needle‐related procedures can be painful for children, and distraction provides ideal pain relief in blood‐drawing centres. This study assessed the effectiveness of playing a computer game during venipuncture, compared with low‐tech distraction by a nurse.


Cross section and time series data show that nations substitute income taxes for tariffs as they develop. This paper confronts this observation within the context of a two-country open-economy endogenous growth model in which public expenditure is financed by an optimal tariff and income tax the second of which is subject to an administrative cost. Assuming, as Slemrod and Yitzhaki (1996) suggest, that the administrative cost per good collected is declining with the tax rate, the model predicts that an open economy will optimally substitute the income tax for the tariff as its level of output rises along the transition. In the steady state, the optimal tariff equals zero and the tax rate equals the government's share of output. The model is calibrated and its transition is shown to yield time paths for the shares of total government revenue derived from the tariff and the income tax that are consistent with the data.


Purpose – This paper aims to question the dominance of citation metrics in the evaluation of the impact of research and prompt debate on how to evaluate impact in different contexts.Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of a viewpoint and review of how metrics are used currently and presents recommendations for change.Findings – Whilst recognising the continued relevance and importance of citation as a measure of impact, the paper highlights how this measure overshadows all other types of impact (on practice, teaching, public policy, society) and, in turn, has the potential to distort academic research practice.Research limitations/implications – Additional research should follow to identify other methods of evaluating research impact with a specific emphasis on the development of usage metrics.Practical implications – The paper calls on all parties within the research dissemination process (academics, publishers, funding bodies) to formulate new ways of evaluating research.Originality/va...


The volatility of green energy power generation and the randomness of electric vehicle's charging will affect the safe operation of the grid seriously. Therefore, the joint scheduling of green energy and electric vehicles is of great significance, however, the existing charging scheduling algorithms have problems such as the single optimization objective and the complex calculation. Applying the Internet of Things technology to the traditional power industry can improve the management level of the grid effectively. Based on the prediction of green energy power, this paper established the multi-objective optimization model for the joint scheduling of green energy and electric vehicles and designed an online charging scheduling algorithm. Then the charging behavior of electric vehicles in urban scenarios is analyzed, user's charging behavior simulation method based on Monte Carlo is designed, the effectiveness of the scheduling algorithm is verified by processing the simulation data.


Interfaces greatly influence the magnetic properties of multilayer nanostructures. In the present work, the x-ray standing wave (XSW) technique along with conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy have been used to study the evolution of interfaces in Fe/Ag system as a function of thermal annealing. The XSW technique has sufficient depth resolution so as to determine the concentration profiles of Fe across the two interfaces, namely Fe-on-Ag and Ag-on-Fe independently. In as-deposited Ag/Fe/Ag trilayer, Fe-on-Ag interface has a substantially higher roughness of 1.3 nm as compared to 0.9 nm of Ag-on-Fe interface. It is shown that the observed difference in the roughness of the two interfaces is due to a substantial intermixing between Fe and Ag occurring preferentially at Fe-on-Ag interface. With thermal annealing, the two interfaces exhibit opposite behaviour; while Fe-on-Ag interface exhibits an initial sharpening, Ag-on-Fe interface exhibits a monotonous broadening. Two competing processes occur at the interfaces, (i) interface sharpening as a result of de-mixing, driven by a large positive heat of mixing between Fe and Ag and (ii) increase in topological roughness due to increased thermal agitation. This results in a non-monotonous variation in the roughness of Fe-on-Ag interface. At sufficiently high temperature the layered structure is completely destroyed, leading to formation of Fe and Ag nanoparticles.


. In this paper, we first describe the main features of a new version of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics global atmospheric model (SPEEDY) with improved simulation of surface fluxes, and the formulation of a 3-layer thermodynamic ocean model (TOM3) suitable to explore the coupled extratropical response to tropical ocean variability. Then, we present results on the atmospheric model climatology, highlighting the impact of the modifications introduced in 10 the model code, and show how important features of interdecadal and interannual variability are simulated in a "pacemaker" coupled ensemble of 70-year runs, where portions of the tropical Indo-Pacific are constrained to follow the observed variability. Despite the very basic representation of variations in greenhouse forcing and heat transport to the deep ocean (below the 300m domain of the TOM3 model), the coupled ensemble reproduces the variations in surface temperature over land and sea 15 with very good accuracy, confirming the role of the Indo-Pacific as a "pacemaker" for the natural fluctuations of global-mean surface temperatures found in earlier studies. Atmospheric zonal-mean temperature trends over 50 years are also realistically simulated in the extratropical lower troposphere and up to 100 hPa in the tropics. On the interannual scale, SST variability in sub-tropical and tropical regions not affected by SST relaxation is underestimated (mostly because of the absence of dynamically induced variability), while extratropical SST variability 20 during the cold seasons is comparable to observed statistics. Atmospheric teleconnections patterns and their connections with SST are reproduced with high fidelity, although with local differences in the amplitude of regional features (such as a larger-than-observed response of extratropical SST to North Atlantic Oscillation variability). The SPEEDY-TOM3 model also reproduces the observed connection between averages of surface heat fluxes over the oceans and land surface air temperature in the wintertime northern extratropics


The thermochromic effect of wool dyed with 6-bromoindigo was found to depend on both heat and a solvent. The dyed fabric must be immersed in a solvent while heating for a color change from purple to blue to occur. Ethanol was the most effective solvent in causing the color change. Water was effective as well. 1-Butanol caused a slight color change, while toluene was completely ineffective. These results are interpreted as interaction of the solvent with both the wool surface and adsorbed dye molecular aggregates, causing changes in the size of large red aggregates to smaller blue ones. The mildest conditions for the color change, immersion in water at 60 °C, are so easily obtained that it is possible that ancient dyers knew of this as a finishing process for their dyeing, or knew to avoid post-dyeing heat treatment.


Dehydropolymerization of p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols with manganese(III) acetate in either aqueous acetic acid or pyridine resulted in dehydropolymers (DHPs) that more closely approximate the structure of natural lignins than do DHPs produced by enzymic techniques. The 13C NMR spectrum of a "biomimetic" guaiacyl-DHP (G-DHP) from coniferyl alcohol was very similar to that of a lignin isolated from spruce wood, unlike a corresponding spectrum of a G-DHP prepared by a conventional enzymic technique. A similar comparison between a biomimetic guaiacyl/syringyl DHP (GS-DHP), a conventional GS-DHP, and a natural lignin from elm wood also confirmed a closer resemblance between the biomimetic DHP and the natural lignin. Likewise, a biomimetic S-DHP prepared from sinapyl alcohol was remarkably similar to a high syringyl fraction of lignin isolated from birch wood. The flexibility of the biomimetic approach is The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution,or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes.


A wideband operation of magneto-optical isolator was proposed and demonstrated. The operation is realized by adjusting the reciprocal phase difference to compensate for the wavelength dependence of the nonreciprocal phase difference in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer


This social engagement is done in order to give information to the students of Taman Rama Jimbaran Junior High School (TRJ-JHS) about how to prevent bullying action. This socialization is important to be implemeted considering that in this school in this school there are variety of students' backgrounds like nations, ethnics, cultures, religions and others. The solution to solve this fact is by giving the students information about kinds and impacts of bullying for the victims and perpetractors. This is important because sometimes students considering that their actions are just something ordinary for example Iike a joke among them but to some extend it can be forms of bullying that can give negative impact to other students or person. Method in this social engagement is used was online conference through Zoom. Main findings of this social engagement are: the eagerness of the students to know the information about bullying and the enthusiasm of Principle and teachers as a form of their attention for bullying and how to prevent it. The students were able to grasp the information by asking questions needed. There were 52 participants in this activity, those were Principle, teachers and students. Finally, the information about bullying prevention is expected to be applied properly and appropriately by students and all parties involved in it.


This paper analyzes the fire danger of coking works according to its process and offers some basic fire design strategies so as to facilitate the fire design,building,fire check of coking projects.


Railway accident analysis results show that accidents cased by human factors are not decreasing, whereas H/W related accidents are steadily decreasing. For the efficient management of human factors, many expertise on design, conditions, safety culture and staffing are required. But current safety management activities on safety critical works are focused on training, due to the limited resource and information. In order to establish railway human factors management requirements, human factors management status on all train operating companies are analysed in this study.


In this paper we propose the MicroHash index, which is an efficient external memory structure for Wireless Sensor Devices (WSDs). The most prevalent storage medium for WSDs is flash memory. Our index structure exploits the asymmetric read/write and wear characteristics of flash memory in order to offer high performance indexing and searching capabilities in the presence of a low energy budget which is typical for the devices under discussion. A key idea behind MicroHash is to eliminate expensive random access deletions. We have implemented MicroHash in nesC, the programming language of the TinyOS [7] operating system. Our trace-driven experimentation with several real datasets reveals that our index structure offers excellent search performance at a small cost of constructing and maintaining the index.


The Medical Journal of Australia ISSN: 0025-729X 3 April 2006 184 7 361-362©The Medical Journal of Australia 2006www.mja.com.auCommentaryor fertility specialists, there is no more difficult and depress-ing news to break to a woman seeking a baby than "Sadly, it'stoo late. You're menopausal." In our experience, this situationis encountered with ever-increasing frequency as the age of firstattempting to conceive increases. With 1% of the female populationmenopausal by 40 years and 5% by 43 years,


Askance is that people look sideling.The ancient Chinese expressed askance with about ten words and four modes.The askance synonymic collection presented subrogation of inside elements through historical evolution of ancient times,mediaeval times and modern times.Compared with modern Chinese,the askance synonymic collection carries its own characteristics.


The scattering property of 2-dimensional conducting objects coated with negative index of refraction materials (NIRM) is studied in this paper, using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. From negative index of refraction materials' (NIRM) constitutive relation, the differential equations that describe the character of electromagnetic (EM) wave in NIRM are obtained. NIRM's Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) formulations are obtained by dispersing those differential equations. By simulating the interaction of electromagnetic wave with NIRM, some numerical results are obtained, which indicate that NIRM cloaking can greatly reduce the back wave energy of radar targets by appropriately selecting parameters of media. Because of NIRM media's impedance matched to the free space, its absorbing electromagnetic wave character is better than that of plasma.


Objective: To observe the effect of RDO on immune function in mice. Methods: The mice were continuously given RDO for 10 days,and then detecting intraserous hemolysin level by whole blood colorimetric method.The mice were continuously given RDO for 10 days,using DNCB for sensitization and attack respectively and evans blue solution intravenous injection,after that,delayed reaction type of hypersensitivity(DTH) on Skin-blued was measured.The mice were continuously given RDO for 10 days,after intravenous injecting black ink,OD value was read at once. Results: High dosage group of RDO could improve the formation of serum hemolysin of mice,middle and high dosage group of RDO could enforce remarkable DTH reaction of mice induced by DNCB,and macrophage phagocytic index and phgocytic quotient didn't increased in low dosage group of RDO. Conclusion: RDO can enhance function of humoral immunity and cellular immunity of mice.but there is no effect on nonspecific immunity function.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study a method to optimize the arrangement of the devices on a smart assembly workbench, which help to reduce fatigue and improve efficiency for the worker.

Design/methodology/approach
The optimization priority is studied based on the users' decisions, a mathematical model of the layout optimization is established from ergonomic perspective and an improved algorithm is adopted to solve the built the mathematical model.

Findings
Ergonomic software Jack is chosen to simulate the four layout schemes obtained. Through comparative analysis of the simulation results, it is proven that the optimal solution can be obtained using the improved algorithm.

Originality/value
The mathematical model built on observation comfort, operation comfort and device accessibility, as well as the improved algorithm in this paper, has some reference values for the layout design of smart assembly workbench.


The performance evaluation of the human resources is throughout the human resources management.The purpose of the performance evaluation is to provide gist for the development of the organizations and individuals.The method of ANP is adopted to appraise the human resource from the aspects of mentality,competence and knowledge.The results of the appraisal will provide a justice to the development of the organizations and the individuals.


Recent GCSE and IGCSE specifications include reference to both permanent and induced magnetism, giving the opportunity for novel classroom demonstrations based on ferromagnetism and paramagnetism, and the transition between these phases. Ferromagnetic materials lose their magnetism if raised above their Curie Temperature, a specific temperature unique to each substance. The methods presented below describe demonstrations of this phase transition. The research was conducted in part by Year 11 students.


In sensor-based navigation, a mobile robot arrives at its goal if, and only if, it never joins any deadlock, i.e., any periodic cycle, otherwise, the robot recognizes no deadlock-free path in an uncertain world. The authors call a set of alternative terminations the deadlock-free characteristic. In general, every previous sensor-based navigation algorithm keep the deadlock-free characteristic under the following assumptions: (1) a mobile robot traces an uncertain obstacle faithfully; and (2) a mobile robot identifies its position and orientation exactly. However, a mobile robot unfortunately cannot maintain these assumptions because of three kinds of error, i.e., self-positioning, sensing, and control errors. Therefore in this article, after eliminating these two assumptions, the authors design a new sensor-based navigation algorithm NC-Robust* in order for a mobile robot with these errors not to join any dead-lock in an uncertain world. Then they give a proof of the deadlock-free characteristic and ascertain the feasibility of the algorithm NC-Robust* by using a real mobile robot (Nomad) running in a practical world environment.


Abstract The g-C3N4/ZnO composites with various weight percent of g-C3N4 have been successfully synthesised in the presence of metal ion-containing ionic liquid bis(1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium) tetrachlorozincate ([Omim]2ZnCl4) by a ecofriendly solvothermal method. The results of the XRD, EDS and FT-IR analyses have indicated that the as-prepared composites consist of g-C3N4 and ZnO. The results of photoelectrochemical analysis show that the interaction between the g-C3N4 and ZnO can facilitate the separation of electron-hole pairs and enhance the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4/ZnO composites. The photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4/ZnO composites has been demonstrated by photodegradation experiments of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. The g-C3N4/ZnO composites exhibit higher photocatalytic performance than that of the pure ZnO. The optimal content of g-C3N4 in the composites is 10 wt-%. A possible mechanism of g-C3N4/ZnO composites for the photocatalytic performance has been proposed.


Objective:To observe the type of TCM syndrome differentiation of chronic hepatitis B virus carriers with different age. Methods:Select five hundreds chronic hepatitis B carriers and divide them into five groups according to the age,they are seven to fourteen years old,fifteen to twenty years old,twenty-one to thirty years old,thirty -one to forty years old and forty-one to sixty-five years old. Full in the investigation table about the TCM syndrome differentiation respectively. Results:68 percent of the patients with age from 7 to 13 are HbeAg positive,while 83. 4 percent with age from 31 to 65 are HbeAg negative. For the age from seven to four-teen,the atypical type is more common than the other type,and the type of spleen deficiency takes the second place; For the age from fifteen to twenty,the common type of syndrome is the spleen deficiency,and the type of dampheat obstructing the middle-energize takes the second place; for the age from twenty-one to thirty,the common type of syndrome is the spleen deficiency type,and the type of liver depression and liver-cholecyst damp -heat are taken second place; for the age from thirty-one to forty and forty-one to sixty-five,the common type of syndrome is kidney-yin deficiency,and the tpye of stagnant -blood obstructing collaterals taks second place. For the group of HbeAg positive,the common type of syndrome is the spleen deficiency,the type of liver -cholecyst damp -heat and damp-heat obstructing the middle-energize are taken second place; For the group of HbeAg negative,the common type of syndrome is stagnant -blood obstructing collaterals,the type of kidney-yin deficiency takes the second place. Conclusion:Fibrosis may exist in chronic hepatitis B virus carriers with age over thirty in some degree even though they are HbeAg Negative,so pisitive intervention should be given to them.


We hereby demonstrate a highly controllable, green, and rapid synthesis strategy for the production of binary metal sulfides on carbon nano-horns (CNHs) for the fabrication of non-enzymatic glucose sensor using commercial graphite screen-printed electrodes (GSPEs). CNHs were synthesized using the submerged arc discharge method as described elsewhere. In the next step, one droplet (50 µL) of the well-dispersed CNHs was carefully cast on the surface of the GCE (and GSPE). In the final step of preparing the modified electrodes, CNH/GCEs were covered by a thin layer of nickel cobalt sulfide by a simple electrochemical deposition procedure.
 Following the structural examination of the prepared electrocatalyst were examined. In this regard, several microscopic methods like FE-SEM or TEM were used to know more regard the morphology of the material. The FE-SEM images confirmed the successful formation of sponge like nanosheets of NiCo-S on carbonaceous material. Since CNHs are prepared from graphene sheets with open ends in horn-like shapes, they can be considered as being formed from the origami-like or crushing contortion of a single graphene sheet. According to the FE-SEM images, the agglomeration of CNHs establishes discrete nano-sphere structures with diameters in the range of 50 to 150 nm. The TEM images also confirm this nano-sphere strictures.
 Following detailed structural characterization, the electrocatalytic activity of the fabricated NiCo-S/CNH electrodes toward electro-oxidation of glucose is examined in detail. The cyclic voltammetry was also used for glucose electro-oxidation mechanism investigation. In addition, parameter optimization was also done by utilizing cyclic voltammetry technique. These include medium pH, deposition cycles, and metals mole ration. Moreover, the effect of the presence and absence of CNH on the electrochemical performance of glucose oxidation were also examined. It shows that in the presence of CNH the peak current density for glucose oxidation is higher that is perfect for analytical purposes and increase the analytical sensitivity. The structural properties and electrochemical response of the fabricated electrodes were also compared to their corresponding mono-metallic counterparts.
 The amperometric method was utilized as one of the most prevalent and momentous techniques for the quantitative determination of glucose. The applied potential in amperometric tests was optimized to be +0.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The proposed electrodes were operated within two distinct linear dynamic ranges of 0.001- 0.330 mM and 0.330 - 4.53 mM of standard glucose with sensitivities of 1842 µA.mM-1.cm-2, and 854 µA.mM-1.cm-2, respectively. On the other hand, an analytical sensitivity of 467 µA.mM-1.cm-2, within the linear dynamic range of 0.5 - 6 mM was obtained for the static chronoamperometric measurements for modified commercial screen-printed electrode (GSPE). The proposed sensor showed outstanding selectivity against iso-structures and co-existing interferences, long-term durability, rapid response (1.7 s), excellent poisoning resistance against chloride ions, good repeatability, and reproducibility. The tested interferences were 0.1 mM solutions of fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, ascorbic acid, uric acid, dopamine hydrochloride, and NaCl. In order to demonstrate the capability of the fabricated electrodes and to evaluate their potential for glucose measurements in real physiological specimens, the glucose level was successfully measured in human blood serum, urine, and saliva samples, without any sample pre-treatment. All in all, the encouraging results make NiCo-S/CNH electrodes immensely promising for clinical and physiological glucose-level measurements.
 Figure 1. (a) FE-SEM image of CNH. (b) FE-SEM image of NiCo-S/CNH. (c) TEM image of CNHs. (d) Cyclic voltammogarm of NiCo-S/CNH in the absence and presence of various concentration of glucose. (e) The amperometric responses of the NiCo-S/CNH/GCEs after addition of 1 mM glucose followed by successive injection of 0.1 mM fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, AA, UA, DA, and NaCl. (f) Chrono amperograms of the NiCo-S/CNH/GSPEs in the presence of the different glucose concentration ranging from 0.5 ~ 10.0 mM under applying +0.5 V. Amperogram of the NiCo-S/GCEs current response obtained from the addition of (g) 50 µL human blood serum, (h) 200 µL urine, and (i) 100 µL saliva followed by injection of 400 µM standard glucose solutions under the optimum potential of +0.5 V, the amperograms of five successive glucose addition.

 Figure 1


We consider the problem of predicting the probability of a click for an advertisement when the outcome of a click or no-click is expressed by means of a set of a large number of variables. Many, if not most, of these variables are very weakly related to the clicking of the ad. Thus, a traditional approach to address this problem that treats each variable on an equal and blind footing takes away the interpretability in explaining the underlying process of the outcome. Such an approach would be computationally expensive and, further, may suffer from poor generalization.
 We investigate the forward selection method for variable subset selection in the domain of advertisement click-through-rate prediction. The forward selection method proceeds sequentially in a way that rewards a set of variables by how much information it provides regarding the outcome, but penalizes the set based on the number of variables in it. Concretely, we propose a logistic regression model for estimating the conditional expectation between the outcome and the ensemble of variables.
 The model obtained compares favorably with that obtained via an exhaustive search through the model space. We also observe that the set of variables selected by the forward selection procedure has better predictive power than that selected by considering their individual statistical significance. Thus we show that the forward-selection method for subset selection serves to produce a good model for predicting ad click-through-rates.


Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are multipotent adult stem cells that have been identified as important contributors to tissue repair and regeneration. In addition, they are both non-immunogenic and immunosuppressive making them potential candidates for systemic immunosuppression. Although traditionally isolated from bone marrow, this is invasive and therefore limits the supply of MSC. We investigated the isolation of MSC from novel sources (bone and placenta) and particularly focused on placenta as a potential source of non-invasive and more readily obtained MSC. We were able to show that MSC can be isolated from placental tissue (pMSC) and share common phenotypic characteristics with bone marrow-derived MSC (bMSC). We demonstrated that pMSC have an equivalent immunosuppressive capacity to bMSC and this was reversed through addition of the IDO specific blocker 1-MT. Thus we were able to show that suppression of allogeneic T-cell proliferation by placental MSC is IDO
 dependent. Furthermore, IDO activity could be induced by IFN- treatment leading to enhanced immunosuppression by MSC. While many published papers have demonstrated the immunosuppressive capacity of MSC in culture, few studies have looked at their ability to suppress systemic immune responses in vivo, and there is no literature on MSC in renal transplantation. In order to test the effectiveness of MSC in a solid organ transplant model, we undertook further experiments in a rodent model of transplantation. We first examined the ability of MSC to migrate to the transplanted kidney and were able to show that MSC migrate to the transplanted kidney. Additionally, there was no difference in MSC migration between allogeneic and syngeneic transplants suggesting that ischaemic injury rather than alloimmune stimuli are predominantly responsible for MSC migration to the kidney. While we were able to demonstrate MSC migration to the transplanted kidney, this was not associated with systemic
 immune changes or prolongation of transplant survival. While there are several potential reasons why MSC did not alter the outcome in this animal model of solid organ transplantation, we believe that the severity of donor-recipient allogeneic mismatch overwhelmed any potential benefits induced by MSC. In order to compare and contrast the results obtained for MSC, we then studied another cellular therapy, donor specific transfusion (DST) of dendritic cells (DC). In contrast to previous studies, DST of DC was ineffective in this model and supports the contention that this model is too severe to see subtle changes that may result from cellular treatments, such as MSC. While there was no impact on clinical rejection, changes in the dendritic cell populations were observed suggesting that DST may be modulating the immune system. Our characterization of DC populations in the rat transplant model will provide focus for further studies, with limited literature regarding dendritic cell
 populations/function in rat models of renal transplantation. We were able to not only define distinct sub-populations of OX62+ DC but showed DST of DC resulted in a significant drop in CD4- DC and increase in CD4+ DC, possibly indicating a shift to a TH2 immune phenotype.


Some previous researches suggested a transit trip destination inference method by constructing trip chains with incomplete(missing destination) smart card dataset obtained on the entry fare control systems. To explore the feasibility of the transit trip destination inference method, the transit trip chains are constructed from the pre-paid smart card tagging data collected in Busan on October 2014 weekdays by tracing the card IDs, tagging times(boarding, alighting, transfer), and the trip linking distances between two consecutive transit trips in a daily sequences. Assuming that most trips in the transit trip chains are linked successively, the individual transit trip destination zones are inferred as the consecutive linking trip's origin zones. Applying the model to the complete trips with observed OD reveals that about 82% of the inferred trip destinations are the same as those of the observed trip destinations and the inference error defined as the difference in distance between the inferred and observed alighting stops is minimized when the trip linking distance is less than or equal to 0.5km. When applying the model to the incomplete trips with missing destinations, the overall destination missing rate decreases from 71.40% to 21.74% and approximately 77% of the destination missing trips are the single transit trips for which the destinations can not be inferable. In addition, the model remarkably reduces the destination missing rate of the multiple incomplete transit trips from 69.56% to 6.27%. Spearman's rank correlation and Chi-squared goodness-of-fit tests showed that the ranks for transit trips of each zone are not significantly affected by the inferred trips, but the transit trip distributions only using small complete trips are significantly different from those using complete and inferred trips. Therefore, it is concluded that the model should be applicable to derive a realistic transit trip patterns in cities with the incomplete smart card data.


Structural optimization efforts for blast mitigation seek to counteract the damaging effects of an impulsive threat on critical components of vehicles and to protect the lives of the crew and occupants. The objective of this investigation is to develop a novel optimization tool that simultaneously accounts for both energy dissipating properties of a shaped hull and the assembly constraints of such a component to the vehicle system. The resulting hull design is shown to reduce the blast loading imparted on the vehicle structure. Component attachment locations are shown to influence the major deformation modes of the target and the final hull design. INTRODUCTION Gross vehicle acceleration, often measured in peak and sustained g's, is of interest in the vehicle level blast mitigation problem. Unlike frontal crash events, the acceleration of the vehicle achieved during a blast event translates to vertical loads exerted on the pelvis and compression of the spinal cord, resulting in injuries and fatalities in the field [1]. The key to mitigating such loading events is the reduction of the fluid structure coupling between the blast and the vehicle, and the mechanical isolation of the occupant from the vehicle [2, 3]. When armor systems are mounted to existing vehicle platforms to mitigate penetration or blast induced occupant injuries, the dynamics of the vehicle itself may be altered by the added weight and the positioning of such components. Vehicle level design requirements drive both the design of the armor component and the structure to which the armor attaches. The Hybrid Cellular Automata (HCA) based design algorithm developed in this work seeks to solve both these problems simultaneously. The need to solve both of these problems in parallel is shown to be driven by the nature of the blast mitigation problem and the dynamic response of the vehicle system. The effectiveness of armor systems in both blast and penetration events is highly dependent upon the structure to which the armor system is mounted [4, 5]. Considerable stresses are transferred between the armor system and the vehicle during a blast event. Such stresses are a significant factor in the dynamic response of the target structure as well as the failure mode of the armor component. As is shown in this effort, the considerations of both the armor and mating structures deal with the same coupled design problem. In the following investigation, the topology optimization approach proposed by Buhl [6] is used to develop concept designs of both the hull and mounting systems. Blast mitigation efforts have historically taken two directions. Methods of energy absorption, as presented in [7-9] focus on the armor component and Proceedings of the 2009 Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS) Simultaneous Topography Optimization of a Vehicle Hull and Topology Optimization of the Assembly Interface For Blast Mitigation, Tan, et al. UNCLASSIFIED: Dist A. Approved for public release Page 2 of 13 seek to transform the blast energy imparted on a target in the form of plastic strain energy. Methods of energy dissipation, as presented in [3, 10-12] evaluate the effects of deflecting the blast energy imparted on a target by channeling high pressure blast products away from the target structure. While both methods are actively being pursued in research, the energy deflection method has subsequently been proven in industry applications. We seek to evaluate the fluid structure problem while implementing geometric constraints for the design of mounting such components to the vehicle system. Fluid structure interaction mitigation design methods have previously been implemented to simulate the blast event and to minimize the corresponding load on the target structure. Nodal update algorithms consistent with the blast HCA methodology described in [3] have been shown to develop novel shapes that yield significant impulse and peak pressure reductions over standard target geometries. Such mitigation behaviors have been shown to reduce the blast loading generated from both surface and shallow buried detonation events. Due to the discrete nature of the topology design method derived by Buhl et al. [6], a similarly discrete method such as blast HCA is appropriate for handling the algorithmic coupling of these structural interaction problems. A formulation is derived, taking from Buhl's method, to obtain the ideal shape and mounting locations of a thin wall target plate mounted over a vehicle substructure. As described in [6], the structural topology design problem is highly dependent upon the boundary conditions of the finite element model. It is expected that the same effects will be exhibited in the application to the blast mitigation problem. For the purpose of minimizing fluid structure interaction between the blast wave and target structure, the deformation of the target structure is minimized. Hanssen and Pytleski et al. [2, 11] highlight the effect of dishing in magnifying the blast energy transferred to a target structure. In order to minimize this energy transfer mechanism, we seek to minimize the structural deformation of the structure during the blast event. NUMERICAL FORMULATION A reduced vehicle model is developed for the simulation of a surface and shallow buried blast event using the baseline geometry of the Defense Research and Development Canada (DRDC) plate described by Williams et al. [13]. The reference DRDC plate geometry is scaled down and imbedded in a Multi Material Arbitrary Lagrange Eulerian (MMALE) model where the detonation event takes place. The response of this reduced vehicle model to the MMALE blast load is taken to be the objective measurement for blast mitigation in the design objective formulation. The MMALE fluid structure interaction finite element formulation developed by Souli et al. [14] is a numerical method designed for solving large deformation problems that occur at a very fine timescale. The finite element mesh is allowed to move independently from the flow of the material. Each element may contain a mixture of materials. The ALE domain is a global reference frame on top of the spatial and material domains, which correspond to the Eulerian and Lagrangian domains respectively. As the Lagrange domain moves in time, the state variables are mapped back to the Eulerian mesh locations during an advection step. Either the Young or the volume of fluid (VOF) method is used to track an interface in elements containing more than one material. The key interest of the MMALE finite element method is its ability to maintain quality mesh geometry independent of material geometry. The formulation of a free field detonation of high explosive in ALE was described by Souli et al. [14]. The MMALE formulation is well suited for the simulation of such events because of its convenient method of treating moving boundaries, free surfaces, and material interfaces. Air is modeled with an ALE mesh using a hydrodynamic material model. ALE requires the definition of an equation of state (EOS), density, pressure cut-off, and viscosity coefficient of all fluid materials. For air, the viscosity and pressure cutoff are zero since pressure cannot be negative and viscosity can be considered negligible within the time scale of the problem. The ideal gas law is used as the equation of state for air, in which the pressure is defined as


Human phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) mediates the transfer of lipids among atheroprotective high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and atherogenic low-density lipoproteins (LDL) by an unknown mechanism. Delineating this mechanism would be an important step toward the understanding and regulation of PLTP for treating cardiovascular diseases, hypoalphalipoproteinemia and hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Using electron microscopy, negative-staining, and single-particle image processing, we discovered that PLTP penetrates each class of HDL, LDL and liposome independently, and also bridges a ternary complex with one of its distal end-domains penetrating into HDL and another distal domain interacting with LDL. These new insights into PLTP interaction with lipoproteins and liposomes provide a molecular basis for analyzing PLTP-dependent lipid transfer between lipoprotein particles.


The Hinfin dynamic output feedback controller design of linear neutral delay systems is studied using Lyapunov-Krasovskii stability theory and linear matrix inequality approach. Based on feasibility positive definite solution to the linear matrix inequalities, we first develop a delay-independent stability criterion and a sufficient condition which makes the system asymptotically stable and guarantees the given Hinfin-bound constraint on the disturbance attenuation; Then, we present a scheme of designing a dynamic output feedback Hinfin controller via linear matrix-inequality; Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach.


This article presents a case study of Wisdom Microfinance Institution (WISDOM) and examines how community workers were used to mitigate the exclusion of groups vulnerable to marginalization. By taking advantage of its relationship with World Vision Ethiopia (WVE) and collaborating in its lending processes, WISDOM was able to make itself more accessible to orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) caregivers in two major ways. First, the involvement of WVE community workers in forming community banks for WISDOM served to include more OVC caregivers than anyone had realized at the time. Second, collaborating with WVE community workers in monitoring clients helped WISDOM to gain vital information that led to more effective monitoring. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


3 Abstract: Flower buds and flowers of Ujfehertoi furtos sour cherry trees were hand thinned. The yield efficiency per unit of trunk cross- sectional area (TCSA), of 20% bud and 20% blossom thinned trees significantly increased compare with untreated control. The yield decreased with increasing the severity of thinning. Significant decreases were found between the yield efficiency per unit of TCSA, tree volume and surface area for the hand thinned treatment by 50% and 80% of buds and flowers in compare with untreated control treatment. Fruit weight and diameter increase linearly with increasing the severity of thinning. Fruits from trees thinned at 80% bud had significantly higher soluble solids compare with those thinned at 20% and 50% of buds and flowers and in compare with unthinned control trees. However, fruits from 80% bud thinned trees had significantly higher soluble solids than control and 50% bud and flower thinning.


We introduce a time semi-discretization of a damped wave equation by a SAV scheme with second order accuracy. The energy dissipation law is shown to hold without any restriction on the time step. We prove that any sequence generated by the scheme converges to a steady state (up to a subsequence). We notice that the steady state equation associated to the SAV scheme is a modified version of the steady state equation associated to the damped wave equation. We show that a similar result holds for a SAV fully discrete version of the Cahn-Hilliard equation and we compare numerically the two steady state equations.


Poster presentation for the 2009 University Scholars Day at the University of North Texas discussing research on problem-solving abilities and feelings of control.


This research was conducted to analyzed student's misconceptions on Buffer solutions. Buffer Solution Misconception Test (BSMT) was developed to investigate the students' misconception on buffer solution which is in the form of two tier diagnostic test with 20 items. First tier of each item consist of a content question of two to three choices; the second part of each item contain a set of four justifications for the answers to the first part. Include in these justifications are the correct answer and three distracters. Students' misconceptions which is identified are students' misconception about how buffer solutions work upon the addition of slightly acid or base and dilution (26.31%), students' misconceptions about equilibrium system of buffers upon the addition of slightly acid or base and dilution (31.93%), students' misconceptions about the change of pH upon the addition of slightly acid or base and dilution (24.58%), students' misconceptions about relation between pH and pKa (13.32%), students' misconceptions about how to prepare buffer solution (16.76%), and students' misconceptions about the function of buffer solution in daily life(19.55%). Type of misconceptions which is identified are preconceived notions and conceptual understanding.


In 1827 Lady Morgan (formerly Sydney Owenson) published her novel The O'Briens and the O'Flahertys: A National Tale. The work focuses on Ireland in the 1790s but includes some details of incidents from an earlier decade centering on nonimportation and tarring and feathering. When one of the novel's protagonists, Lord Charles Fitzpatrick, makes his first appearance at a Volunteer review, he is splattered with dust and mud and told, "you look as if you fell into the hands of the nonimportation confederates and were tarred and feathered after their most approved fashion." Lord Charles is on his way with college friends to The Strugglers, a public house in Winetavern Street (near Christ Church Cathedral), where the owner is a "publicspirited tapster, a captain of Volunteers, a legislator, with a musket on his shoulder and a sword by his side; a papist; a defender of the faith, and a leader of the tarring-and-feathering bands." He is accused of having tarred and feathered an English-made carriage, breaking windows of a shop in Dawson Street, and carrying off silk pieces because "it was not Irish poplin." In chapter 5, "The Row," Lady Morgan describes the scene at The Strugglers where "non-importation men" who were "returning from a tar-and-feathering adventure," the military, Lord Charles, and the main protagonist Murrough O'Brien all cross paths in a riot. The author, in a line that could have come from Adam Smith, refers to the protectionist impulse as "the voluntary or


The Support Centers for Family Health (NASF) act in conjunction with the Primary Care Teams (EqAB), and it is important to understand the work process between these teams and the planning of the joint actions. Objective: To analyze, in Paraiba, the organization of the work process between the NASF and EqAB as their access to NASF teams and the planning of joint actions. Methods: A descriptive study of cross-sectional, with a quantitative approach. The data was obtained from the 2nd External Evaluation Cycle PMAQ-AB held in Paraiba and was analyzed descriptively by IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 Software. Results: 75.9% of EqAB articulated joint actions with NASF at the beginning of support activities, among these 85.0% NASF know the schedule of activities. As for access, the time for compliance with the EqAB support request is evaluated positively by 81.1% of respondents and case sharing occurs in writing (70.6%), by direct appointment scheduling for the professional NASF (54.9%) and in discussion of cases (54.3%). Conclusion: There is, between EqAB and NASF staff, an initial planning of joint actions, defining responsibilities and flow/routing criteria, but the dynamic planning tends to be less frequent. Regarding access, there is a satisfaction of EqAB with the support they receive from NASF but what predominates is the referral in writing and direct scheduling as a way of sharing cases between the teams; satisfaction may be associated with division of the AB demands.


Micro small and medium enterprise (SME) is a business type with a small to medium amount of capital and fast cash turnover because most of the businesses are generally retailing. As a retail, the selling price and quality of their products are competing with each other. Therefore, a proper strategy is needed in order to leverage their profits. One of the strategies is through optimizing the production process. This case study was conducted in a garment industry in Indonesia producing a variety of clothes. Through a linear programming and sensitivity analysis, the most optimum process was found. By applying the suggested process, the company is projected to be able to increase its profits from 24% to 33%. This study significantly contributes to the micro SMEs, especially the garment industry in planning proper strategies in order to increase its profits.


In The Good Earth,Pearl S.Buck shows much concern for the marriage of Chinese women by describing the various women′s marriage patterns in different periods,including traditional pattern in the late feudal society,co-existence of traditional and modern pattern during the period of tangled warfare stirred up by warlords and modern independent pattern at the beginning of modern China and reveals Chinese women′s social status and fates in the course of history.


The concept of empathy is strongly at play across the field of education. In analyzing literature from which this concept both emerges and presently appears, this review elaborates on what empathy affords the educational enterprise. Drawing from theorists from diverse fields of inquiry, among them education research, phenomenology, and psychoanalysis, we focus on the limits of empathy while questioning what lies beyond. We find that deployments of empathy might actually create more distance between self and other rather than bring about more understanding across difference. Further, in looking at the literature on empathy there is an insufficient attention to broader social considerations that impact understandings of the other. In light of what we find to be problematic about the idea and uses of empathy in education, the paper concludes with speculations about how practicing educators might adequately address the inherent problems within learning across difference.


After initial remarks on the relations between literature, language, and communication, the Introduction outlines the main assumptions of relevance theory, explaining the distinctions between coded and 'ostensive' communication, between 'meaning' and 'import', and between 'showing' and 'telling'. It considers the role of relevance and inference in comprehension; discusses how implicatures are derived in context and why words are not always used to convey their literal meanings; reflects on the nature of metaphor and irony, and examines the relation between processing effort, rhetoric, and style. It then turns to ways in which a relevance theory approach might question the tenets of modern literary theory (the 'death of the author', scepticism about intentions), to issues of historical and contextual interpretation, and to the notion of 'intertextuality'. Finally, it reviews a range of evidence widely taken to support an 'embodied' conception of cognition, language, and communication which seems particularly well-adapted to literary studies.


This paper extends the subjective logic and develops a new trust and reputation evaluation model in P2P network.Considering to the history effect,it defines the mapping relationship and function between the evidence space and the opinion space again and a definition of risk is presented.Experimental results show that the trust relationships between peers can be evaluated more precisely,and security problems exist in P2P network also can be resolved more effectively.


Since December 2019, the kingdom of world trade law has fallen into an interregnum. The king that used to be the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization, was dethroned at the hands of the then incumbent US government, which refused to duly appoint new members to fill its vacancies. Staunch royalists have since been looking for ways to salvage the dispute settlement mechanism, once revered as the 'crown jewels', as well as for a deserving heir apparent. While there seems no path to structural reform of the Appellate Body, a wide range of alternatives presents itself to WTO members. This article provides a systematic overview of such alternatives both within and outside the WTO regime, sampling some that are already available and others currently subject to lively debate. The alternatives on sample are (cross)evaluated against a benchmark that sources the key characteristics of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. On that basis, the article finds the most promising alternatives in the concert of panels of Preferential Trade Agreements and the most recent Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement.


Let $K$ be a local field of residue characteristic $p$. Let $C$ be a curve over $K$ whose minimal proper regular model has totally degenerate semi-stable reduction. Under certain hypotheses, we compute the prime-to-$p$ rational torsion subgroup on the Jacobian of $C$. We also determine divisibility of line bundles on $C$, including rationality of theta characteristics and higher spin structures. These computations utilize arithmetic on the special fiber of $C$.


Objective:To determine the cyclamic sodium in foods in a rapid and accurate way.Methods:Use TR-1 capillary column gas chromatography to determine the cyclamic sodium in pickled vegetables.Results: In the best chromatographic conditions,the result shows in the range of 1 μg~5 μg as a good linear relationship(r=0.9998),and the detection limit was 4 ng.Under repeatability conditions,the absolute difference of two independent measurements was no more than 10% of the arithmetic mean.The actual measurement result was between 3.0% and 6.7%,and the recovery rate with added specimen was between 95.4% and 100.6%.Conclusion: This method is simple,fast,accurate and easy to operate to determine cyclamic sodium in vegetables and other foods.


A conjecture of Woods from 1972 is disproved: for d≥30, there are well-rounded unimodular lattices in Rd with covering radius greater than that of Zd.


There are many potential field inversion algorithms available, and all are sufficiently capable of generating a model that explains supplied geophysical observations. The challenge is extracting a model that provides real geological insight. Here we present applications of two different styles of advanced inversions to a deep exploration program at the Platreef PGE-Ni-Cu deposit in the Bushveld Igneous Complex of South Africa. The initial approach was to apply generalised focussing constraints to a 3D magnetic vector inversion, an approach chosen to manage the effect of expected strong remanent magnetisation. This resulted in successful prediction and drill definition of inferred resources within a deep, west-dipping extension to the shallow-dipping "Flatreef" deposit. Later, a detailed 3D model of geological constraints based on drilling and mapping was constructed and used to tightly constrain inversions of gravity data derived from a FALCON airborne gravity gradiometer survey. The resulting 3D density model accurately predicted a continuation of the Flatreef host rocks to shallower levels than previously anticipated. This facilitated further drilldefinition of additional inferred resources within a southern extension of the Flatreef deposit. Key to the success of the inversions at accurately targeting mineralisation at depths of 700-1300 m depth, was the inclusion and integration of all available information to ensure that predictions were consistent with prior observations.


Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α can stimulate an acute-phase response leading to the synthesis of acute-phase proteins such as C-reactive protein (CRP). High levels of CRP are often associated with ...


Introduction and Background: Unani medicine is a "holistic medicine" which means "as a whole thing rather than a collection of parts" or treating the whole person rather than just the symptoms of disease." Holistic concept of health implies a sound mind, in a sound body, in a sound family, in a sound environment [1] . The modern medicine views the body as a collection of parts rather than a whole working unit. The modern medical profession views the human body as a machine, disease as a consequence of the breakdown of the machine and one of the doctor's tasks as repair of the machine. Thus health, in this narrow view, became the ultimate goal of medicine [1] . According to Unani Medicine Tabi'at is the supreme power of body, which is solely responsible for the performance of all physiological functions and nutritional requirement of the body. When the body is exposed to causation of disease, Tabi'at takes on the causation of disease until it overcomes the disease or becomes perplexed itself. The concept of Tabi'at is wider and comprehensive according which a doctor does not cure the disease but he only helps the Tabi'at, as Hippocrates says, "The physician treats but the Tabi'at heals."


To elucidate the possibility of quantitatively analyzing sp2-hybridized carbon (sp2-C) and sp3-C in carbon materials using total-electron-yield (TEY) X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) in the C K region, we measured the TEY-XAS of mixtures of multi-walled carbon nanotubes or carbon black as sp2-C sources and diamond as an sp3-C source. The measured relationship between the π*/σ* peak intensity ratio in the C K TEY-XAS and the weight (atomic)% of sp2-C can be successfully explained by the summed TEY of the sp2-C and sp3-C components and considering the TEY efficiency of sp3-C relative to sp2-C, k. However, the experimentally determined k values show that TEY of the sp3-C is much smaller than that of sp2-C by about one order of magnitude, even depending on the chemical form and/or electronic properties of individual carbon components. This suggests that further evaluation of the TEY efficiency is necessary prior to the quantitative sp2/sp3 analysis of carbon materials using the TEY-XAS.


Entering the new century,computers play a more and more positive role in people's work, study and dialy life. It has been widely used in every field.Lots of systems for common use and special use have been exploited, by using computer system and Database Management System (DBMS) related to it. But the system aiming at our students, presenting the characteristics of the students' management in the practical use is waiting to be developed. Using the powerful functions of the computer, it brings great convenience to the management. According to our experience for many years in the student management,we used the computer to develop a model of Students Management System(SMS).Once the model formed, it will greatly improve the work efficiency and it will make further development in the scientfic and standard management of the students.


Educator displays extensive knowledge of the important concepts in the discipline and how these relate both to one another and to other disciplines. Educator's plans and practice reflect understanding of prerequisite relationships among topics and concepts and a link to necessary cognitive structures by students to ensure understanding. Educator's plans and practice reflect familiarity with a wide range of effective therapeutic approaches in the discipline. Educator actively seeks out new knowledge, incorporates new interventions into their practice and shares this knowledge collaboratively with team members. Educator's plans and practice reflect solid knowledge of the important concepts in the discipline and how these relate to one another. Educator's plans and practice reflect accurate understanding of prerequisite relationships among topics and concepts. Educator's plans and practice reflect familiarity with a wide range of effective therapeutic approaches and SpeechLanguage interventions. Educator demonstrates a fluent understanding of the Scope of Practice as outlined by ASHA. Educator is familiar with the important concepts in the discipline but displays lack of awareness of how these concepts relate to one another. Educator's plans and practice reflect a limited range of therapeutic approaches and SpeechLanguage interventions which would address social, communication, academic and/or behavioral student goals. Educator demonstrates familiarity with the Scope of Practice as outlined by ASHA. In planning and practice, educator makes content errors or does not correct errors made by students. Educator's plans and practice display little understanding of prerequisite relationships important to student learning of the content. Educator's plans and practice display little knowledge of the instructional practices specific to SpeechLanguage interventions which would address social, communication, academic and/or behavioral student goals.


Abstract An Artificial Neural Network model of a UASB Reactor has been developed. The reactor treats bagasse wash water (containing organics), generated after washing of stored bagasse prior to its use in paper manufacture. In the process, biogas, a renewable source of energy is produced. As the UASB reactors (2×5,000 m3 volume) operate mostly with feed having varying characteristics, therefore a special type of dynamic networks, called NARX networks have been used to model it for predicting biogas production rate. The input to the model is influent flow rate, inlet and outlet COD. Model is based upon 576 days plant data. NARX model architecture consists of input, output, and 2 hidden layers each having 10 neurons and utilizes 4 days delay. The developed ANN model represents the dynamic behavior of UASB reactor and recursively predicts and forecasts the biogas production rate with acceptable deviation with respect to actual production rate.


The utility model relates to a connection fixing support. The connection fixing support comprises a first supporting base and a second supporting base, the first supporting base and the second supporting base are oppositely arranged, the first supporting base comprises a vertically-arranged first supporting plate and a second supporting plate transversely arranged at the top end of the first supporting plate, the second supporting base comprises a vertically-arranged third supporting plate and a fourth supporting plate transversely arranged at the top end of the third supporting plate, a clamped connection pipe is fixed at the top end of the fourth supporting plate, the cross section of the clamped connection pipe is arc, the clamped connection pipe, the fourth supporting plate and the third supporting plate are of an integral structure, the outer side of the first supporting plate and the outer side of the third supporting plate are respectively provided with a clamped connection plate, the first supporting base and the second supporting plate are fixed together through two connecting rods, the connecting rods are fixed at the top ends of the second supporting plate and the fourth supporting plate through bolts, the pipe can be conveniently, rapidly and conveniently arranged on corresponding bridge racks, manpower and material resources are saved, and flexibility is good.


We study representations of Boolean functions by formulas and describe in terms of remainder functions the classes of repetition-free Boolean functions in the pre-elementary bases


Many industrial applications require careful regular or periodic cleaning of inner regions of metallic elements such as citerns, tanks or tubes [1] . Techniques like sandblasting or chemical cleaning are often unsuitable as they cannot allow proper control of the progress of the cleaning process and because they cannot apply for hardly accessible regions. For addressing both issues, we report in this communication an endoscopic cleaning system based on the use of short energetic light pulses directed towards the area to be scoured by means of an endoscopic optical fiber, and completed by a remote real time Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis system.


A NUMBER OF INQUIRIES into Political Symbology have emphasized that political regimes frequently manipulate symbols to control the masses.1 In the Symbolic Uses of Politics, Murray Edelman demonstrates persuasively how regimes may utilize symbols to maintain mass quiescence. Regimes are conceived as rational political entrepreneurs who attempt to obtain, augment, and skillfully manage their resources to reduce the costs and increase the benefits resulting from the political game. Among the resources utilized by regimes to prevent the mobilization of challenges to their authority are political symbols ("symbolic reassurances").2 Less often treated, however, is the notion that the masses may often manipulate symbols to control regimes.3 Recent research into


This short piece will discuss the features of Mentimeter, a mobile device-based student response system, demonstrating it's features and the benfits to practitioners considering it's use.


Burn injuries are caused by the harmful impact of hot materials (in either liquid or solid form), radiation exposure, radioactivity, electric shock, friction, or chemical contact on the skin or under-lying tissues [1-3].


The invention discloses a long-distance home gateway controller, a home gateway, a terminal and a terminal control method. The long-distance home gateway controller generates terminal control data for controlling the terminal, the terminal control data are sent to the home gateway, and the home gateway controls the terminal according to the terminal control data. Logic operation and other processing are executed by the long-distance home gateway controller instead of the home gateway, and therefore when upgrading is needed for considering a plurality of terminals or adapting to different application scenes, and it is only required to upgrade the long-distance home gateway controller once. In addition, due to the fact that the long-distance home gateway controller has hardware performance higher than that of an existing home gateway and has the infinition-tending expanding capability, more complex service logic processing can be finished better, and the requirements for function extension and the like can be met better; the home gateway is suitable for different types of terminals better than the existing home gateway and adapts to the different application scenes.


The mechanism of camptothecin (CPT) and its analogues as topoisomerase I inhibitors has been well elucidated. As with most chemotherapeutic agents, once their mechanism of action is defined, it becomes common practice to combine them with a second treatment modality. The goal of combined modalities that act through different cellular pathways is to obtain either an additive or a synergistic effect, ultimately achieving improved tumor toxicity. In no area is this philosophy better illustrated then in the approach to locally advanced pancreatic cancer. There are two primary reasons that we continue to pursue new treatments for this disease. First, clinical studies have shown that the current standardized chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer, Gemcitabine, has only a 23.8% clinical response rate.1 Secondly, in 1998 the incidence of pancreatic cancer equalled the number of deaths, thus emphasizing our current inadequacies of treatment.2 Radiation is a logical modality to combine with chemotherapy because of its DNA injury through ionization. In the last few years, multiple studies have been published on the antitumor effect of CPT in addition to radiation. For example, 9-nitrocamptothecin has enhanced radiation lethality.3 However, we do not know how to optimally dose the radiation with CPT and its analogues. This study was designed to address this question.


In synthetic aperture radar (SAR) polarimetry, it is generally assumed that the sensor has a fixed orientation with respect to objects and illuminates a scene with monochromatic radiations. Modern high-resolution SAR sensors have a wide azimuth beam width, however, and a large bandwidth in range. During SAR image formation, multiple squint angles and radar wavelengths are integrated to synthesize the full-resolution SAR image, and variations in the polarimetric signatures due to changes in the azimuthal look angle and in the wavelength commonly remain unconsidered. In this paper, a fully polarimetric two-dimensional (2D) time–frequency analysis method is introduced to decompose processed polarimetric SAR images into range–frequency and azimuth–frequency domains. This 2D representation permits characterization of the frequency response of the scene reflectivity, observed under different azimuth look angles and wavelengths. For the case of Bragg resonance in agricultural areas, the influence of anisotropic scattering and frequency selectivity on the polarimetric descriptors is pointed out in detail and compared with theoretical predictions from a quasi-periodic surface model. Lastly, a statistical analysis of polarimetric parameters is presented, which permits clear discrimination of media showing nonstationary behavior during the SAR integration.


Especially noteworthy is the occurrence of certain indole derivatives in many of the basidiomycetes to which psychotomimetic properties have been ascribed. Several species of Panaeolus contain serotonin (5hydroxytryptamine), first demonstrated in a fungus, Panaeolus campanulatus (Fr.) Quel., by Tyler. Bufotenine (5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) was shown to exist in Amanita citrina (Shaeff.) S. F. Gray [Amanita mappa (Lasch) Quel.] by Wieland and Motzel. Psilocybin (4-phosphoryl-N,N-dimethyltryptamine), was first found in Psilocybe species by Hofmann, et al. The latter two principles are the most recently discovered hallucinogens in basidiomycetes and are of particular interest since they are the only principles isolated from mushrooms which are capable of inducing psychotomimetic effects in human beings following oral ingestion.


Design theory and algebraic coding theory have their origins in disparate fields of study: the statistical theory of the design of experiments and the theory of information transmission in electrical engineering. Yet each has enriched the other by providing tools capable of answering interesting and fundamental questions. A primary topic of this exposition will be the study of biplanes and projective planes, focusing on certain interesting relationships between these two types of combinatorial designs, relationships which are uncovered by exploiting the techniques of coding theory. We shall set the stage in Section 1 by presenting a fairly complete introduction to the theory of designs, thereby putting both planes and biplanes in proper perspective. Section 2 presents the terminology of coding theory and a few of its tools. Then we examine both biplanes and planes from the viewpoint of coding theory. Additional design-theoretic tools are developed in Section 3, and in Section 4 much of the preceding is brought to bear in elucidating an elegant coding-theoretic link between planes and biplanes.


Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay following burn injury. Thirty patients [total body surface area (TBSA) of burn 15–98%] were included in this study and each had four to six blood samples collected at 2-day intervals between the 5th and 14th days post-burn. All patients were found to have increased cTnI on two or more occasions. The mean cTnI concentration was significantly higher in patients with TBSA of burn > 30% (0·34 μg/L compared with 0·09 μg/L, P < 0·001) and in those with obvious burn wound exudation (0·32 μg/L compared with 0·12 μg/L, P < 0·01). cTnI concentrations peaked at the time when there was obvious burn wound exudation or spontaneous separation of eschar, then decreased after surgical excision. Two patients with persistently high cTnI concentrations developed tachycardia. We conclude that burned patients have varying degrees of non-ischaemic cardiac injury, manifesting as leakage of cTnI from myocytes into the circulation.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrochemical element being excellent in safety when temperature of a battery is abnormally increased by a short circuit and excessive charge. SOLUTION: A separator for an electrochemical element has heat-resistant temperature of 150 °C or more, and the separator is provided with a porous base body for a separator wherein a part of the separator has heat resistance and electric insulation and is also constituted by electrochemically-stable plate-shaped particles and an average particle diameter of the plate-shaped particles is 0.1-15 μm and the plate-shaped particles are integrally formed by a binder resin, and a porous film including a resin in 2which its melting point is a range of 80-130 °C. The electrochemical element includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a nonaqueous electrolyte, and the separator for an electrochemical element. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT


Acoustic feedback arises from the leakage of sound from the loudspeaker back to the microphone and is a common problem in hearing aids and public address systems. One popular solution to this problem is adaptive feedback cancellation (AFC) which utilizes an adaptive filter (AF) to estimate and subsequently subtract the feedback component from the microphone. Due to the closed-loop system the loudspeaker signal and the incoming signal exhibit a high correlation. However, model-based and more recently learning-based AF methods typically neglect this correlation in their derivation, leading to sub-optimal performance in closed-loop scenarios. In this paper, we propose Neural-AFC, a recurrent neural network (RNN) designed for AFC step-size control optimization, that addresses this problem by including not only the adaptive filter but also the acoustic feedback path and the system gain in the recurrence model. Our experiment results show that when trained within this closed-loop model, Neural-AFC improves the steady-state performance and (re)convergence rate compared to conventional and open-loop RNN-based AF in both hearing aid and public address system applications.


Several galactic x-ray sources, not associated with supernova remnants, have been identified with close binary systems,' and the data are not in conflict with the view that all remaining sources, a t present still unidentified, will turn out to also be associated with binar ie~.~' Much of the modeling for these systems has been based on the view that the basic energy source for the x-ray emission is due to accretion of matter from a "normal" star to a compact companion, either a neutron star or a black hole. The observational evidence that supports this view is furnished by the rapidity of the fluctuations in many of these systems that compels us to impose strict upper limits on the physical dimensions of the emitting regions and the speeding up, on the average, of the rotational period of the regularly pulsating binaries, Her X-1 and Cen X-3, which is exactly the opposite effect from that expected in a pulsar-like emission process, where the energy emitted in radiation is provided by the loss of rotational energy. As has been pointed out by some authors, the observational constraints might not yet completely rule out the possibility that the objects in the Her X-l and Cen X-3 systems may be either white dwarfs in which the pulsations may be dbe to nuclear shell burning4 or degenerate differentially rotating white dwarfs emitting pulsed radiation by pulsar-like mechanism^.^ Significant objections have been raised to these models based on the difficulty of obtaining the large observed fluxes6 o r on their apparent inability to account in a natural way for the detailed behavior of the observed emission. Following the view of several authors,'-"* we have adopted, a t least as a working hypothesis, the view that Cen X-3 and Her X-l are magnetized neutron stars that accrete matter from a "normal" companion. massive companions would transfer matter through radiation-driven stellar winds, whereas low-mass stars would transfer mass through Roche lobe overflow. Cen X-3 can be considered an example of the first case, whereas Her X-1 can be considered an example of the second case. X-ray observations of these two systems, which have been analyzed in the last few months, provide a substantial opportunity to test the assumed models. We can distinguish, in the description of these systems, the following different physical regions (FIGURE I ) :


ABSTRACT Biomass is a nonorganic fuel that has a high potential for transforming into favorable chemicals in pyrolysis and syngas reaction in gasification reaction. However, economic problems in design and operation of gasification systems are the most important problems in this field. The present research aims to review current conditions and economic characteristics of this process. This research also studied economic characteristics of different produced chemicals such as hydrogen, methanol, and ethanol. Based on the literature data, it was found that the use of a 2000 dry-ton/day plant is more economical than that of 1000 dry-ton/day plant for ethanol production.


In this paper we establish 14 calculation models of reinforced concrete masonry wall using the separate models of finite element analysis software ANSYS. We analyse the behavior of the walls under the lateral eccentric axial load and the impact of the depth-thickness rate and eccentricity to the behavior of the reinforced concrete masonry walls under the lateral eccentric axial load of wall under a wide range of conditions,compare the load-displacement curve of different depth-thickness rate walls and analyse the result.


We present results obtained from a numerical simulation of a colliding-pulse mode-locked dye laser and study the influence of group-velocity dispersion on the pulse characteristics. It is found that positive third-order dispersion can help to shorten the pulse duration and to reduce the dependence of energy and pulse duration on pump power.


This paper measures variation in the economic performance of firms using the entropy weight method and cluster analysis. Regional differences and changes in the trend of listed companies' management performance are analyzed in China's four economic regions and 31 provinces from 2006 to 2010, the Eleventh Five Year period. We show that the listed companies' management performance in four economic regions presents a ladder type distribution with large swings and different trends over time. Moreover, there is a large difference in listed companies' management performance across provinces and some provinces have abnormal fluctuations. It is indicated that differences in industrial structures across regions are the main factor determining regional differences in economic development and the variability of enterprise management performance. So from the perspective of policy and institution, some suggestions are advanced to promote integrated development of all regions. In addition, the research results can provide governments at all levels with systematic reference information to formulate a coordinated, sustainable development policy for different regional economies.


Background No consensus exists on the efficacy of home-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in patients who have undergone transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Additionally, there are no reports on home-based cardiac telemonitoring rehabilitation (HBTR) in patients after TAVI. Objective We aimed to investigate the efficacy of HBTR in patients who have undergone TAVI. Methods This single-center preliminary study introduced HBTR to patients after TAVI, and the efficacy outcomes of the rehabilitation method were compared to that of a historical control cohort. The historical control cohort (control group) consisted of 6 consecutive patients who underwent ordinary outpatient CR after TAVI from February 2016 to March 2020. Patients who participated in the HBTR program were only recruited after the TAVI procedure and before discharge between April 2021 and May 2022. In the first 2 weeks after TAVI, patients underwent outpatient CR and were trained using telemonitoring rehabilitation systems. Thereafter, patients underwent HBTR twice a week for 12 weeks. The control group performed standard outpatient CR at least once a week for 12 to 16 weeks. Efficacy was assessed using peak oxygen uptake (VO2) prior to and after CR. Results Eleven patients were included in the HBTR group. All patients underwent 24 HBTR sessions during the 12-week training period, and no adverse events were observed. The control group participants performed 19 (SD 7) sessions during the training period, and no adverse events were observed. Participants in the HBTR and control groups had a mean age of 80.4 (SD 6.0) years and 79.0 (SD 3.9) years, respectively. In the HBTR group, preintervention and postintervention peak VO2 values were 12.0 (SD 1.7) mL/min/kg and 14.3 (SD 2.7) mL/min/kg (P=.03), respectively. The peak VO2 changes in the HBTR and control groups were 2.4 (SD 1.4) mL/min/kg and 1.3 (SD 5.0) mL/min/kg (P=.64), respectively. Conclusions Home-based CR using a telemonitoring system is a safe outpatient rehabilitation method. Its efficacy is not inferior to that of standard CR in patients who have undergone TAVI. Trial Registration Japan Registry of Clinical Trials jRCTs032200122; https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCTs032200122


Objective To explore the effect of the early recuperative therapy of hemiplegia in the acute cerebral apoplexy case on the rehabilitation degree of the disordered limb and the activity function in daily life.Methods Eighty-eight hemiplegia cases after the cerebral apoplexy were divided into recuperative therapy group(RG) and control group(CG) randomly.RG was treated with normalized recuperative therapy as well as medication.CG was treated with medication and uninstructed self-exercise.Result The FMA value and the Barthel index of the RG increased significantly compared with the control group(P0.01).Conclusion The recuperative therapy can improve the motor function of the disordered limb and the activity function in daily life.


This paper presents an approach for reduced order flutter modeling based on the Hammerstein model and system identification. The Hammerstein model considered is prescribed a μ-Markov structure in the linear block, and its identification employs a correlation-based method for separable input processes. This combination of model and identification method has been shown in a previous work to accurately identify the linear block, which is vital to bifurcation analysis. Using computational fluid dynamics data and an experimental benchmark, it is shown that the proposed approach yields better accuracy relative to the benchmark as well as by model validation.


In this study, we presented a four-level cross-domain strategy for fake news detection on pre-trained models. Cross-domain text classification is a task of a model adopting a target domain by using the knowledge of the source domain. Explainability is crucial in understanding the behaviour of these complex models. A fine-tune BERT model is used to. perform cross-domain classification with several experiments using datasets from different domains. Explanatory models like Anchor, ELI5, LIME and SHAP are used to design a novel explainable approach to cross-domain levels. The experimental analysis has given an ideal pair of XAI models on different levels of cross-domain.


AbstrcatThis study conduct a statistic analysis on Yao Ming's attack situation in the 7 basketball matches between China and the other countries in man basketball matches of the 28th Olympic Games. The results can be concluded as follows: 1) in fixed positions of individual attacking is mainly individual attacking, which draw on the hitting of the near-shooting, and the rate of hitting and fouls is relatively high; 2) in the individual attacking with attack and defense, Yao Ming's attacking is concentrated on the breaking-attack with a higher hitting rate; 3) in fixed positions of foundational cooperation, the main approaches are throwing and support by coordinated action, with a higher hitting rate; 4) Yao Ming's success rate of the free throw is relatively high. Based on the above analysis, several suggestions were proposed in this research.


Significance Ocean emissions of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) are a major precursor for the production and growth of aerosol particles, which can act as seeds for the formation of cloud droplets in the marine atmosphere with the subsequent impacts on Earth's climate. Global aircraft observations indicate that DMS is efficiently oxidized to hydroperoxymethyl thioformate (HPMTF), a previously unrecognized molecule, which necessitates revisiting DMS oxidation chemistry in the marine atmosphere. We show through ambient observations and global modeling that a dominant loss pathway for HPMTF is uptake into cloud droplets. This loss process short circuits gas-phase oxidation and significantly alters the dynamics of aerosol production and growth in the marine atmosphere. Oceans emit large quantities of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) to the marine atmosphere. The oxidation of DMS leads to the formation and growth of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) with consequent effects on Earth's radiation balance and climate. The quantitative assessment of the impact of DMS emissions on CCN concentrations necessitates a detailed description of the oxidation of DMS in the presence of existing aerosol particles and clouds. In the unpolluted marine atmosphere, DMS is efficiently oxidized to hydroperoxymethyl thioformate (HPMTF), a stable intermediate in the chemical trajectory toward sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ultimately sulfate aerosol. Using direct airborne flux measurements, we demonstrate that the irreversible loss of HPMTF to clouds in the marine boundary layer determines the HPMTF lifetime (τHPMTF < 2 h) and terminates DMS oxidation to SO2. When accounting for HPMTF cloud loss in a global chemical transport model, we show that SO2 production from DMS is reduced by 35% globally and near-surface (0 to 3 km) SO2 concentrations over the ocean are lowered by 24%. This large, previously unconsidered loss process for volatile sulfur accelerates the timescale for the conversion of DMS to sulfate while limiting new particle formation in the marine atmosphere and changing the dynamics of aerosol growth. This loss process potentially reduces the spatial scale over which DMS emissions contribute to aerosol production and growth and weakens the link between DMS emission and marine CCN production with subsequent implications for cloud formation, radiative forcing, and climate.


In order to solve the problem of non-performing loans, China's banking industry should correctly prepare for the loss of loans. In this paper, the factors affecting the loan loss are the main factors in the development of China's banking sector. Analyzed. In this paper, the panel data of 15 banks in 2011-2016 were analyzed, and the GMM regression analysis was carried out, and the cost was obtained. The efficiency factor was obtained by SFA function analysis. Through the generalized two-step GMM analysis, The variables that affect the loan loss preparation, and the extent of the impact, and makes recommendations for the conclusions drawn.


This article reviews some recent developments in the area of photocatalysis. These include the development of methods for preparing nanocrystalline (Q-sized) TiO2, the doping and promotion of titania to improve its photoreactivity, recent studies of reaction mechanisms, the introduction of other oxide photocatalysts, and recent advances in the design of reactors for photocatalysis. It is concluded that practical implementation of photocatalysis, particularly in environmental applications, is now close to reality.


Based on the theory of system theory,this paper uses the system dynamics methods and Vensim software to set up the dynamic model of pressure index of regional cultivated land system.It puts up computer simulation technology to forecast the dynamic changes of cultivated area,grain output,farmland gap,pressure index of cultivated land and so on from 2000 to 2020 in Hubei.Then four different scenarios are set to simulate the dynamic changes of pressure index of cultivated land in Hubei Province.Forecast results show that:1) Due to the limited grain yield and the technology level,the rising of the population and the per capita share of grain consumption,the farmland gap will constantly increase in the future and the pressure index of cultivated land will constantly rise,and the security of cultivated land will suffer serious threats.2) It has a positive meaning for the security of cultivated land to actively adjust policy of the cultivated land protection.Then the cultivated land will keep in safe condition over the next 20 years if making sure that the new farmland will keep rising by a rate of over 10% and the reduction of farmland will drop at a rate of 10%.


ABSTRACT Host range of larvae of Hymenomima nr. memor (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) was examined in quarantine to evaluate its suitability as a biological control of Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia. Brazilian peppertree, S. terebinthifolia is an environmental and agricultural weed from South America that had invaded many subtropical and tropical areas of the world including Florida and Hawaii, USA. Laboratory life history and quarantine host range studies of H. memor were conducted with no-choice feeding tests. These tests included eight species of the Anacardiaceae and one species of Sapindaceae. Larvae of H. memor had five to six instars with each head capsule width increasing by 1.68-X. Development time from neonate to adult was 46.7 ± 2.2 days. In host range tests, neonates completed development to the adult stage on all non-target species, except Toxicodendron radicans. Moreover, developmental times were delayed and pupal weights were reduced for larvae fed Spondias purpurea leaves. Due to the broad host range exhibited by H. memor larvae, this species will not be considered as a biological control agent of S. terebinthifolia in the continental U.S.A.


This rollicking adventure novel brings back Twain's best-loved characters - Tom Sawyer, Huck Finn, and the freed slave Jim - for a balloon trip around the world. Escaping civilization and Aunt Polly once again, this exhilarating tale of far-off exploits is, as Twain wrote, "a story that will not only interest boys but any man who has ever been a boy, which immensely enlarges the audience". Ranging from comic tall tales and bold escapades, as when Tom rescues a child from brigands, to a series of lively conversations among the three friends on topics from the Crusades and the limitations of maps, to religious toleration and racial discrimination, to the fine art of cursing, Tom Sawyer Abroad is a truly delightful book. At the same time, it is an often moving and serious story, as when the trio finds a caravan of corpses, victims of a sandstorm, or observes a bloody battle from the air. "There's a good deal more to Mark Twain than laughs," as Nat Hentoff observes in his thoughtful introduction. Tom Sawyer Abroad is sure to provide plenty of laughs, and a good deal more as well.


Pedons with a placic or ortstein horizon are commonly occurred in the subalpine and alpine forests in Taiwan. We selected a representative pedon with well-developed placic horizon in subalpine forests in northeastern Taiwan and another with a well-developed ortstein horizon in subalpine forests in central Taiwan to compare the differences between these two horizons. Micromorphological observations indicated that the placic horizon was characterized by vughy microstructure and was composed of iron oxides, whereas ortstein horizon was characterized by granular and bridge microstructures between quartz grains. Analytical results of cementing materials between skeleton grains in these two horizons by using energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) further indicated that Fe, O and C were predominant elements in the placic horizon, whereas Al, Si and C were major elements of the cementing materials in the ortstein horizon. The elemental mapping determining by electron probe micro-analyses (EPMA) also indicated that organically complexedAl was the dominant material, which was present between soil aggregates and coated on quartz grains in the ortstein horizon as compared with those of the placic horizon. Chemical analytical results showed that pedogenic Fe (Fed) was the dominant Fe fraction in both placic and ortstein horizons; however, the Fed contents were much higher in the placic horizon than in the ortstein horizon. Dominant Al fractions were different between the two horizons, organically complexed-Al (Alp) was predominant in the ortstein horizon, and pedogenic Al (Ald) was dominant in the placic horizon. We concluded that different formation mechanisms occurred between these two horizons; the placic horizon was related to redox processes, and the ortstein horizons related to podzolization.


IN DYBVIG [1], I showed that the mean-variance frontier can have a kink but only if the included securities all have the same expected return. In fact, these results were obtained 25 years previously in the classical work of Markowitz [2]. His proof used the derived properties of the critical lines algorithm for computing the frontier.' While my simple numerical example is more direct and will be easier to follow for most readers, this does not excuse my failure to reference Markowitz' seminal piece.


Pollen, macrofossils and charcoal from two small hollows (<0.05 ha) were analyzed to reconstruct the vegetational history of an outwash plain in the central Adirondack upland of New York. The basins are located 700 meters apart in contrasting modern vegetation at 461 in elevation. Dave`s Lost Hollow (DLH) is in a hemlock-dominated old-growth forest with yellow birch, red spruce and red maple, and Valhalla Hollow (VH) is surrounded by second-growth forest of white pine, balsam fir, paper birch and red maple. The record from DLH spans the entire Holocene, while VH provides data for the late Holocene. Modem pollen-vegetation data from 26 closed-canopy sites in the area provide evidence for the fine-scale sensing properties of closed- canopy pollen assemblages. We found abundant jack pine needles during the early Holocene at DLH. In contrast, data from the High Peaks, 30 km to the east, show white pine as the dominant pine species during that time period. DLH provides an early Holocene record for yellow birch in the region, whereas yellow birch was not present in the High Peaks until 6,000 yrs. B.P.


Dear Editor, Cutaneous Microvascular occlusion syndrome (MVOS) is a clinically significant skin lesion that manifests as retiform purpura and noninflammatory bland necrosis. On the one hand, it can serve as a marker for identifying associated critical systemic conditions; on the other hand, it can help prevent potentially life‐threatening and organ‐threatening complications through timely diagnosis and management.[1]


This paper extends the Dornbusch model of overshooting exchange rates to discuss both exchange rate and output effects of capital controls that involve additional costs for International asset transactions.We show that, on the one hand, such capital controls have the merit of reducing the volatility of exchange rate volatility in the sort run and induces costs for the real sector in the form of lower equilibrium output levels. [F32, F41]


The application of CAE in mold flow of IC packaging has been developed for years. However, to predict EMC flow behavior accurately in IC packages during transfer molding is still a huge challenge due to its intrinsic limitations. In this paper, modeling technologies to analyze mold flow during semiconductor encapsulation have been developed. The leadframe separates the whole molding cavity into top and bottom cavities. Cavity thickness is the most important factor to the mold flow behavior. Unbalanced flow, due to large thickness difference between top and bottom cavities, causes air trapping and die pad tilt. Some packages which have larger thickness difference, such as 1 to 3 thickness-ratio TSOP, LOC-TSOP, DHS, EDHS and DPH Q-series packages, have a seriously unbalanced melt-front during molding. By observing the flow phenomenon from short-shot samples, it is found that the cavity thickness, bonding wire density, the size of leadframe openings, and surface roughness all affect EMC flow behavior. By considering these factors into the construction of a simulation model, numerical results show excellent agreement with actual experimental results for a DPH-LQFP package. The melt-fronts of numerical and experimental results are compared and shown. Further investigation to improve the package moldability was also studied. By using CAE software, molding defects can be easily detected and moldability problems can be improved efficiently to reduce manufacturing cost and design cycle time.