Abstract In this paper, pool boiling heat transfer data from experiments are presented to investigate bubble formation patterns and film growth on a large sized cylinder dipped in a pool. A wide range of heat flux has been applied over the cylinder to observe different regimes in boiling heat transfer. Nucleation, bubble merging during the transition, and sliding are captured through careful experimental efforts. Bubble sliding on the cylinder after inclining it with respect to horizontal has also been captured during the experiment which prompts the formation of large-sized bubbles on the surface. It has been established that the heat transfer coefficient varies nearly 2 times based on the azimuthal location of a large cylinder, bottom location of the cylinder showing the highest. Studies from inclined cylinder showed azimuthally bottom-most point of higher end has faster bubble release and highest heat transfer coefficient (∼2 times higher than top-most point of lower end). Spiral-like bubble motion has been noticed after detachment from nucleation sites over the inclined surface. Effect of cylinder surface inclination on boiling pattern has been also presented along with observations of bubble formation.


Materials exhibiting higher mobilities than conventional organic semiconducting materials such as fullerenes and fused thiophenes are in high demand for applications in printed electronics. In order to discover new molecules in the heteroacene family that might show improved charge mobility, a massive theoretical screen of hole conducting properties of molecules was performed by using cloud computing environment. Over 7,000,000 structures of fused furans, thiophenes and selenophenes were generated and 250,000 structures were randomly selected to perform DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations of hole reorganization energies. The lowest hole reorganization energy calculated was 0.0548 eV for a fused thioacene having 8 aromatics rings. Hole mobilities of compounds with the lowest 130 reorganization energy were further processed by applying combined DFT and MD (Molecular Dynamics) methods. The highest mobility calculated was 1.02 cm2/Vs and 9.65 cm2/Vs based on percolation and disorder theory, respectively for compounds containing selenium atoms with 8 aromatic rings. These values are about 20 times higher than that for DNTT (dinaphthothienothiophene).


This study is to examine about determining the factors to engage in batik business among entrepreneurs in East Cost Malaysia. The purpose is to define the factors that influence the batik entrepreneurs conducting their business. This study was involved 160 entrepreneurs from 3 east cost state in Malaysia which is Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang who run the batik business. Simple Random Sampling has applied in this study to the specific target population. This paper also discusses the findings of the study and to examine whether the objectives of this study can be achieve. The study comes out with findings and analysis of data from the conducted study. By according to the study, the dimension factors that been tested in this study was location, demand, resources and culture. From the findings, it can be concluding that the culture determines the entrepreneurs to engage in batik business. It also concludes that the resources give an impact to entrepreneur to engage in batik business although it influenced to a certain percentage. The study further concludes that the demand determines the engagement of entrepreneur in batik business. Finally, the study concludes that the location influence entrepreneur to engage in batik business through the strategic location where most of their business is located at the main city of state.


Teaching reform of combination of teaching and scienctific research in Morden Surface Technology is discussed.Students can grasp developing tendency of the kownledge in a rapid way and their learning initiatives are stimulated through the introduction of speciality frontier in classoom teaching,professional lectures and information retrieval.Students take part in the extracurricular science and technology activities,enhancing their ability to analyze and solve problems and cultivating their innovation and practice ability.


16. Rubin, A.J. & Kovac, T.W. Effect of Aluminum(III) Hydrolysis on Alum Coagulation, Chemistry of Water Supply, Treatment and Distribution (A.J. Rubin, editor). Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Mich. (1974). 17. Cohen, J.M. Improved Jar Test Procedure. Jour. AWWA, 49:1425 (1957). 18. Rubin, A.J. Aggregation and Restabilization of Clays with Aluminum Hydroxide. Proc. 49th National Colloid Symposium, Clarkson College, Potsdam, N.Y., (June 1975). 19. Swartzen-Allen, S.L. & MatijeviC, E. Colloid Surface Properties of Clay Suspensions. II. Electrophoresis and Cation Adsorption of Montmorillonite. Jour. Colloid Interface Sci., 50:143 (1975). 20. Singh, S.S. & Brydon, J.E. Solubility of Basic Aluminum Sulfates at Equilibrium in Solution and in the Presence of Montmorillonite. Soil Sci., 107:12 (1969). 21. Black, A.P. & Hannah, S.A. Electrophoretic Studies of Turbidity Removal by Coagulation with Aluminum Sulfate. Jour. AWWA, 53:438 (1961). 22. Hall, E.S. Electrokinetic Study of Dispersions of Clay in Hydrolyzed Aluminum Solutions. Discussions Faraday Soc., 42:197 (1966). 23. Kruyt, H.R. Colloid Science, Vol. 1. Elsevier, New York (1952). 24. Tezak, B.; Matijevi6, E.; & Schultz, K.F. Coagulation of Hydrophobic Sols in Statu Nascendi. III. The Influence of the Ionic Size and Valency of the Counterion. Jour. Phys. Che m., 59:769 (1955). 25. Matijevi^, E. Colloid Stability and Complex Chemistry. Jour. Colloid Interface Sci., 43:217 (1973). 26. MatijeviC, E.; Janauer, G.E.; & Kerker, M. Reversal of Charge of Lyophobic Colloids by Hydrolyzed Metal Ions. I. Aluminum Nitrate. Jour. Colloid Interface Sci. 19:333 (1964). 27. MatijeviC, E. & Stryker, L. J. Coagulation and Reversal of Charge of Lyophobic Colloids by Hydrolyzed Metal Ions. III. Aluminum Sulfate. Jour. Colloid Interface Sci. 22:68 (1966).


The research results on the influence of the crushed grapevine embedding into the inter-row soil, which in three years since the beginning of the experiment have shown the improvement of the soil agrophysical and agrochemical properties, reduction of its weed plant infestation are given in the article.


Chlorination of [70]fullerene with SbCl(5), VCl(4) or PCl(5) yielded C(70)Cl(28) comprising three isomers, all containing four isolated benzenoid rings in the fullerene cage. This demonstrates, for the first time for C(70) derivatives, a stabilization effect due to planar aromaticity.


Despite the gloom surrounding the present economic crisis, studies have shown that a positive workplace spirit is crucial to employees' participation and quality output. Over the years, businesses have endeavored to provide employees with a sense of emp..


This aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of citric acid/metallic cation ratio of 3:1, 4:1 and 5:1 used in the TiO2 synthesis by Pechini method in the structure, morphology and photocatalytic activity of methyl red dye. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) using Rietveld refinement method, textural analyses, and photocatalytic activity. The results obtained by XRD technique confirm the efficiency of the Pechini method in the preparation of TiO2 samples with nanosize particle. All samples present anatase phase and presence of rutile as secondary phase with content of 15.6, 10.5 and 18.3%. The isothermal adsorption showed that samples have mesopores characteristics and morphology with irregular shape agglomerates. The sample 4:1 presented better photocatalytic performance discoloring 70% of dye in 24h, indicating that the presence of 10.5% of rutile phase jointly with anatase phase improve the photocatalytic activity.


The prognosis of bacterial (purulent) meningitis depends on early diagnosis and prompt initiation of antibiotic therapy. However, despite the improvement of antimicrobial therapy during the last decades, mortality rate and sequelae due to bacterial meningitis remain unacceptably high. For example, the mortality rate of meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, the organism most often responsible for bacterial meningitis in adults, has remained relatively unchanged during the last decades and is still as high as 20-30%. The unfavourable courses of bacterial meningitis are often due to intracranial complications including brain oedema, cerebrovascular arterial or venous involvement, and hydrocephalus. These complications usually lead to an increased intracranial pressure. Patients with bacterial meningitis may require adjunctive therapy including administration of hyperosmolar agents, hyperventilation or ventricular drainage. Anticoagulation with dose-adjusted intravenous heparin should be considered in patients with meningitis-associated septic venous sinus thrombosis proven by MRI, MR angiography or cerebral angiography. Recently, a prospective, randomised, multicentre, double-blind trial (performed by de Gans and van de Beek) in adults with acute bacterial meningitis showed a beneficial effect of dexamethasone (10 mg was administered 15 to 20 minutes before or with the first dose of antibiotic and was given every 6 hours for 4 days) compared with placebo. Treatment with dexamethasone was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of an unfavourable outcome, and a significant reduction in mortality. Among the patients with pneumococcal meningitis, 14% of the dexamethasone group died, as compared with 34% of the placebo group. Gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 2 patients of the dexamethasone group and in 5 patients of the placebo group. Based on these data the use of dexamethasone is recommended in adult patients with suspected bacterial meningitis, i.e. in patients with clinical suspicion plus cloudy cerebrospinal fluid, detection of bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by microscopy of a Gram's stained smear or a CSF cell count of more than 1000 cells/μl.


In recent works, charge transfer complexes (CTCs) have proved to be useful photoinitiating agents to trigger free radical polymerization. However, because of their low molecular weights, migration issues remain very important. In line with pressing migration concerns around photoinitiating systems (e.g., in 3D polymer networks), we report here the use of the first polymeric CTC based on iodinated polystyrene/amine interactions. This study shows the formation of the CTC between the polystyrene derivative (electron acceptor EA) and a tertiary alkylamine (electron donor ED); the ability of this EA/ED couple in a CTC to act as a photoinitiator for the polymerization of multifunctional acrylates upon LED@405 nm irradiation is investigated. Examples of applications to 3D-resolved laser write of thick controlled samples (1 mm) are provided.


An era of generous support for biomedical research in the United States is ending. A concerned citizenry focusing on domestic problems is more interested in the equitable utilization of available b...


Imagine an ecosystem in which the major organisms are faculty, students, textbook publishers, and bookstores. As producers, consumers, and decomposers, they circulate the nutrients of higher education up and down the food chain. The system has sustained a long-term equilibrium, with change coming in gradual, evolutionary form. But in recent years, some of the system's core conditions have changed, disturbing that equilibrium. Some observers see a crisis at hand, a version of global warming in which textbook prices are rising to dangerous levels. As a longtime inhabitant, I can confirm that the system is troubled. To judge from the current controversy, though, one problem is a lack of understanding of a producer organism in the system-the publisher. To restore the system's integrity, a measure of mutual understanding is necessary. Toward that end I would like to explore the physiology of that ungainly organism, the textbook publisher. I must admit that my own perspective may not be representative. The organization that has been my publishing home for more than twenty-five years is an exceedingly odd, even unique, creature. In a publishing landscape dominated by corporate conglomerates, W. W. Norton and Company is one of the few independent publishers left, and the only one that is both independent and employee owned. What difference does that make? It means we enjoy an unusual stability, with continuity in decision making that aligns the books we publish into a profile of the house. It also means we subsist only on the money generated by the books we publish and distribute. The decision making at Norton is primarily editorial, but in order to survive and grow we must pay close attention to the ledger of costs and revenues. Norton is a two-armed creature that relies on flexibility, quickness, and experience to compete with the megacorporations of publishing. Trade and college are our two main divisions, and there are strong connections between them. Authors often migrate within the firm, first publishing a trade book and then a textbook, or the other way around. Often a single title can succeed in both markets, such as Jared M.


In this paper, we introduce an order relation on uniform spaces and utilize this relation to prove some fixed point theorems for single and multi valued mappings in ordered uniform spaces.


Most textbooks and courses explain basic object oriented (OO) constructs in a very similar way. Extensive experience with teaching different kinds of courses at various levels, from primary and secondary school through to university and requalification courses for professional programmers shows that many students have a difficulty with this traditional approach. In this paper we show that a modified approach according to Architecture First methodology leads to a better understanding of the basic OO constructs.


A new method for the design of extruded optical elements with two refractive surfaces is presented. The method is based on the developed  fast ray-tracing procedure, in which optical surfaces are approximated  by a set of planes. High efficiency of the proposed method is illustrated  by the examples of designed extruded optical elements for generating  uniform intensity and illuminance distributions. The luminous efficacy of  the optical element is shown to be over 89 %, whereas the relative root-mean-square error of the generated irradiance distribution is under 2 %.


This paper deals with,from the point of view of thermodynamics,the possibility of NaCl addition to chloridizing Volatilization of Ga during Sodiumination roasting of V-slag,in a temperature range 600~1200K. Conclusions are drawn that the magnitude of Cl2-O2 ratio is considerably related to the formation of aqueous sodium vana-date and reaches its maximum value, when NaCl and Na2O ?V2O5 are at equilibrium state; and GaCl3 comes from Ga by chloridization and then volatilizes. Also.the thermo-dynamic calculation shows that the formation pressure of GaCl3 is quite high, therefore the attempt is worthy to be made.


Abstract : The ionization frequency in air as a function of E/P and the electron temperature are presented over a wide range of E/P (50-1000). From these a correspondence relation between T sub e and E/P is derived. A simple chemistry model is given for the description of the avalanche ionization for an electric discharge ionization in air.


This paper presents an analytical theory for a vortex flow through a Laval nozzle. It will demonstrate that when a vortex is present the total velocity reaches sonic conditions upstream of the nozzle throat, that the axial velocity in the nozzle throat is equal to the local speed of sound and that the mass flow through the Laval nozzle depends on the vortex strength in such a way that the mass flow decreases with increasing vortex strength. The predictions of the analytical theory have been compared to the results of experiments and a numerical simulation, and it can be concluded that the analytical theory describes the characteristics of the flow very well. Nomenclature a = speed of sound A = area of annulus at = total speed of sound I = angular momentum m& = mass flow M =


ATM networks are designed for the transmission of a wide variety of applications, each having different traffic characteristics. A cellular automaton (CA) can effectively generate random patterns which have good randomness characteristics. This paper makes the first step to use 1-D LHCA (one-dimensional linear hybrid CA) to generate random traffic distributions for ATM networks.


This paper takes the neglected sociological matter of sleep and applies the insights contained therein to issues and debates within the sociology of consumption. Sleep, it is argued, is pursued if not consumed in a variety of ways in consumer culture, including its (lifestyle) associations with health and beauty, leisure and pleasure. It is also increasingly recognised if not contracted for in the workplace, construed as the 'ultimate performance enhancer' and the 'cheapest form of stress relief'. These and other insights are located in the context of a burgeoning 'sleep industry' and the consumer identities it spawns: one which is busy capitalising on this dormant third part of our lives through a range of products, from beds to bedding, night-wear to night-cream, pills to pillows. Sleep, it is concluded, is a crucial element of consumption, augmenting existing theoretical and empirical agendas in significant new ways. The broader sociological implications of sleep are also touched upon and addressed, as a stimulus to further research, discussion and debate.


A method of testing for inward leakage into essentially non-ventilated spaces in personal protective equipment involves subjecting the equipment worn by a subject to an environment in which the test concentration of the test agent is arranged to be approximately the same as that expected to be measured in a non-ventilated space, and withdrawing a sample from the space for analysis.


Parental involvement in their handicapped child's education is generally promoted by the field and protected by legal mandates. To determine the nature and extent of parent-teacher interactions, a questionnaire was sent to 1,418 special education teachers across the country. A total of 904 (64%) teachers responded. Overall frequency of contacts and time spent were calculated, as well as the type of IEPrelated roles teachers assume. Other types of interactions such as written, telephone, conferences, parent groups, and cooperative agreements also were sampled. Results indicate teachers assume a number of responsibilities when interacting with parents and use a variety of methods for doing so. Implications for teacher training are discussed.


With the research method of investigation,the paper proposes to establish the achievement assessment index weight of the teaching affairs management in P.E.institutes on the basis of the balanced scoring board and Delphi.It also proposes to adopt the AHP stratification analysis to confirm the weight.


The article highlights the issues of determining the stability of the cutting process by a multipoint cutting tool equipped with cutting ceramics. There were some recommendations offered on the choice of parameters of replaceable cutting ceramic plates for milling based of the conducted researches. Ceramic plates for milling are proposed to be selected on the basis of value of their electrical volume resistivity.


Abstract This work presents the first electrochemical preparation of alkyl arylsulfonates by direct anodic oxidation of electron‐rich arenes. The reaction mechanism features a multi‐component reaction consisting of electron‐rich arenes, an alcohol of choice and excess SO2 in an acetonitrile‐HFIP reaction mixture. In‐situ formed monoalkyl sulfites are considered as key intermediates with bifunctional purpose. Firstly, this species functions as nucleophile and secondly, excellent conductivity is provided. Several primary and secondary alcohols and electron‐rich arenes are implemented in this reaction to form the alkyl arylsulfonates in yields up to 73 % with exquisite selectivity. Boron‐doped diamond electrodes (BDD) are employed in divided cells, separated by a simple commercially available glass frit.


In the last few years, fiber tracking tools have become popular in clinical contexts, e.g., for pre- and intraoperative neurosurgical planning. The efficient, intuitive, and reproducible selection of fiber bundles still constitutes one of the main issues. In this paper, we present a framework for a real-time selection of axonal fiber bundles using a Wii remote control, a wireless controller for Nintendo's gaming console. It enables the user to select fiber bundles without any other input devices. To achieve a smooth interaction, we propose a novel spacepartitioning data structure for efficient 3D range queries in a data set consisting of precomputed fibers. The data structure which is adapted to the special geometry of fiber tracts allows for queries that are many times faster compared with previous state-of-the-art approaches. In order to extract reliably fibers for further processing, e.g., for quantification purposes or comparisons with preoperatively tracked fibers, we developed an expectationmaximization clustering algorithm that can refine the range queries. Our initial experiments have shown that white matter fiber bundles can be reliably selected within a few seconds by the Wii, which has been placed in a sterile plastic bag to simulate usage under surgical conditions.


Almost half of the oceanic water columns exhibit double-diffusion. The importance of double-diffusion in global oceans' salt and heat fluxes, water-mass formation and mixing, and circulation is increasingly recognized. However, such an important physical process in the ocean has not been well studied. One of the reasons is the difficulty of parameterizing and quantifying the processes. The paper presented here attempts to quantify the double-diffusive fluxes of salt and heat in the ocean. Previous qualitative analysis by applying the water-mass Turner angle, mTu, to the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) layer showed a favorable condition for salt-fingering in the upper NPIW due to the overlying warm/salty water above the cold/fresh NPIW core, and a doubly-stable condition in the lower NPIW where potential temperature decreases with depth while salinity increases, inducing double stratification with respect to both potential temperature and salinity.The present study gives a quantitative estimate of double-diffusive fluxes of salt and heat contributed by salt-fingering in the upper NPIW layer.


A b s t r a c t. An apparatus developed for measurement of dynamic friction coefficient is presented. The dynamic friction coefficient of paddy grains was determined and studied in three varieties (Alikazemy, Hashemi and Khazar), at two levels of moisture content (12 and 23% w.b.), three levels of peripheral speed (0.5, 3.5 and 6.5 cm s -1 ) and on three contact surfaces (black, mild and galvanized sheets). The experiments were arranged as a split-split plot fitted into randomized complete block. The results of variance analysis revealed that the effects of grain moisture content, variety, contact surface, peripheral speed and their interactions were significant (p<0.01) on dynamic friction coefficient. With increase in the moisture content of grain and peripheral speed of disc, dynamic friction coefficient increased. Among the contact surfaces, the highest and lowest values of dynamic friction coefficient were 0.567 and 0.314 and belonged to the black and galvanized sheets, respectively. Also, among the varieties, Alikazemi and Khazar varieties had the maximum and minimum mean values, respectively.


Cholinesterases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of esters of choline. Traditionally, two main types have been described in animal tissues: "true" or "specific" acetylcholinesterase (EC 184.108.40.206) and "pseudo" or "nonspecific" butyrylcholinesterase (EC 188.8.131.52). This distinction has been made on the basis of different but overlapping substrate specificities. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is involved primarily in cholinergic synaptic transmission in the nervous system, but is also found in hemopoietic cells-red blood cells [l], platelets [2], lymphocytes [3], and possibly granulocytes [2]. Since 1928, the enzyme has been known to exist in the human erythrocyte in large amounts [ 11. Its function in red cells is far from clear, but its presence has stimulated much research that has contributed to our knowledge about its site in the erythrocyte membrane, its molecular structure, its relationship to cell maturation, and its varying activity in certain diseases. The last major published discussion of human erythrocyte AChE was by Herz and Kaplan in 1973 [4], although the biochemistry of membrane acetylcholinesterases was reviewed comprehensively by Ott in 1985 [5]. In view of the continuing hematological enigma posed by this enzyme, we believe that an update may be useful. The biochemistry, structure, and localization of the enzyme in the red cell membrane will be covered briefly; more attention will be devoted to aspects of cell biology and teleology as these relate to AChE, including summaries of the several pathological conditions in which variations in the enzyme are found, and speculation on a role for AChE in the regulation of hemopoiesis.


The reburn process has a number of attractive features making it a technology worthy of consideration for the reduction of NOx emissions from pulverized coal plant. The process was taken from the conceptual stage to plant demonstration, supported by the European Commission (ECSC, JOULE, and THERMIE). Pilot scale testing and CFD analysis were central to establishing the optimal process conditions for reburning and ensuring good mixing of the reburn fuel and overfire air. Gas reburn was successfully demonstrated at the 600 MWe Longannet Power Station, and the demonstration of coal reburn is imminent at the 320 MWe Vado Ligure Power Station.


ABSTRACT:This article describes the place of the basic/applied science distinction in negotiations over the limits of secrecy between the U.S. "scientific" community and the American government. It combines an analysis of Vannevar Bush's key report to the President in 1945 with Congressional hearings in the late 1950s that were concerned about the increasingly vast scope of government controls over the circulation of knowledge. The concept of "basic research" was used as a political weapon to push back against the extended, uncoordinated, and frustrating constraints on the circulation of new research findings by the expanding apparatus of the National Security State. Mapping basic vs. applied research onto open vs. regulated and classified knowledge served as key to a workable political compromise between the scientific and national security communities.


Auralization of urban soundscapes has proven useful to provide perceptual evaluations along with quantitative predictions. Recent progress make it possible to auralize road traffic noise as well as other sources commonly found in cities with a high degree of fidelity and realism. Future urban projects with no on-site recordings available may be presented and evaluated perceptually through listening. This paper presents recent developments to extend the use of an existing auralization software tool for the characterization of noise exposure along pedestrian and bike paths. Rather than considering the noise environment at fixed receiver points, the evaluation through listening and the analysis of dynamic noise indicators is provided for a receiver moving along a predefined trajectory. The aim is the comparison of different paths and the promotion of "quiet paths", a concept similar to the "quiet zones" introduced in the European Directive 2002/49/EC. The proposed approach is first presented followed by results from listening tests for several pedestrian paths of an urban area with road traffic. Results show good correlation between the perceived annoyance and associated calculated noise indicators. Results from a listening test judging the realism of the auralized sound samples


The article is devoted to the study of the level of dental knowledge and hygiene skills in adolescents studying at the school №176 in Nizhny Novgorod with use of individually designed questionnaire. The questionnaire included twenty-one questions: about individual hygiene of oral cavity, the choice of subjects and means of hygiene of oral cavity, the frequency of hygienic care for oral cavity at home, the presence of inflammatory diseases of oral cavity and dentition anomalies at the time of the survey, sources of hygiene knowledge and skills of students about psycho-emotional relation of children to the procedures for the hygienic care of oral hygiene and periodic visits to the dentist. Based on the survey of 14 year's adolescents, it can be concluded that the level of knowledge of children's choice of subjects and means for oral hygiene and the need for regular dental education for the prevention and early detection of risk factors for the development of periodontal diseases in schoolchildren.


A cemented carbide end mill was coated with AlCrTiSiN film by cathodic arc physical vapor deposition methods (CAPVD). A performance of AlCrTiSiN film for increasing tool life was evaluated by scratch test, cutting test and oxidation test in comparison with uncoated end mill. From the scratch test, the AlCrTiSiN film was helpful to resist crack and delamination of coating. From the cutting test, the maximum flank wear of AlCrTiSiN film was about two times higher than that of the uncoated end mill resulting in tool life extension. From the oxidation test, the first oxide of AlCrTiSiN film generated after service life was a titanium dioxide (TiO2) at a temperature of 900oC. From all of results, it revealed that the AlCrTiSiN film significantly enhanced the tool life of the cemented carbide end mill.


Electricity, carbon dioxide, and economy have formed electricity-carbon-economic nexus due to production and consumption activity in the socio-economic system. This study used the ecological network analysis method to analyze the consumption-side electricity-related embodied carbon emission system (CERS), and conducted the network utility analysis, network control analysis, and robustness analysis from a system perspective. The results show that the competition relation among nodes occupies a dominant position in CERS. Inner Mongolia makes the greatest contribution to the amount of carbon flux in CERS. The robustness of CERS is 0.34, which has some redundancy. This study aims to reveal the internal structure of the CERS, the interaction among nodes, and the impact of nodes on the system from a system perspective, and to provide scientific basis and theoretical guidance for the carbon emission reduction in the socio-economic system.


..............................................................................................................................7 Executive Summary ...........................................................................................................9 Introduction and Background ........................................................................................12 Problem Statement...........................................................................................................13 Evidence-Based Initiative ................................................................................................15 Conceptual Models...........................................................................................................23 Implementation Model ....................................................................................................27 Need and Feasibility Assessment of Organization ........................................................31 Payment Models ...............................................................................................................33 Project Plan ......................................................................................................................41 a. Purpose of Project ..................................................................................................41 b. Type of Project .......................................................................................................42 c. Setting and Resources ............................................................................................42 d. Design for the Evidence-based Initiative ...............................................................42 e. Measurement: Sources of Data ..............................................................................44 f. Steps for Implementation of Project ......................................................................45 g. Project Evaluation ..................................................................................................46 h. Budget ....................................................................................................................46 i. Ethics and Human Subjects Protection ..................................................................47


Tungsten heavy alloys used as kinetic energy penetrator for high strain rate applications in stead of uranium alloy has a wide prospect and has been broadly investigated.In this paper,the relationships of the microstructure and mechanical properties including penetration performance were reviewed.The factors to effect on the microstructure and some methods improving mechanical properties of tungsten heavy alloys were discussed.


This paper carries out studies on various specific applications of the monitoring measurement technology in urban light rail transit tunnel construction and introduces the theory and method thereof by expounding with examples,highlighting the method of geological prediction in advance in urban light rail tunnel construction,to improve applications of the monitoring measurement technology therein.


Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) analysis is effectively applied to investigate the transmission of the transverse electric polarized pulses in a 90deg bend photonic crystal waveguide. A comparison with a Time Domain Beam Propagation Method (BPM) based on finite clement scheme is made and excellent agreement is achieved. Moreover, a detailed study of photonic crystal couplers has been carried out. A series of simulations are performed to determine by how much the radius of holes would have to be tuned to result in realizing the functions of the truth tables of the proposed optical directional couplers.


In this paper we present an optical method to control the geometry of buried layers in optoelectronic heterostructures. The technique uses an optical microscope equipped for infrared applications and relies on the fact that the different layers of the multilayer structure have different band gaps. Accordingly transmission/absorption, reflectance, and photoluminescence of the inidividual layers exhibit their characteristic near‐band‐gap spectral variations at different wavelengths. By appropriate selection of the wavelength range used for image formation, any layer of interest can be made visible. As an example we investigated a mushroom‐type InGaAsP/InP 1500‐nm laser structure with subsequent mass transport. Both technological steps, the formation of the mushroom by underetching, and the regrowth by mass transport represent critical processes in the fabrication of these index‐guided lasers. Our results show clearly that the successful accomplishment of the process can be controlled by images of the select...


Mechanical behaviour of the waste body controls many aspects of landfill lining system design and performance, including stability issues and integrity of the geosynthetic and mineral lining components. The constituents of MSW deposits vary between countries and regions and are constantly altering as a result of changes in life style and legislation. This paper describes an investigation using a family of synthetic wastes to assess the relationship between classification and mechanical behaviour of the waste body via a programme of one dimensional compression and direct shear tests. Measured mechanical behaviour is compared with results for real wastes to assess the validity of using synthetic samples. Compression and shear behaviour of the synthetic wastes was found to be within the range of published values for real waste. Both stiffness and shear strength values for a synthetic "real" waste were found to be at the lower bound of published values. Lower unit weights and dry conditions for the synthetic wastes are considered to be responsible for the observed differences with real waste behaviour. It is concluded that synthetic wastes can be used to assess the relationship between classification and mechanical behaviour and that compression and shear behaviour can be related to waste classification.


Swine (Sus domesticus) manure was comprehensively characterized with respect to Cu, Mn, and Zn in feed additives. This research was conducted to study the leachability and identify factors influencing the leachability of these elements from separated swine manure (SSM) composts to assess its environmental hazard. Several chemical properties were determined to assess the degree of maturity of eight SSM composts. A series of extraction schemes were used to determine base-extractable metals and their distribution on humic substance fractions (humic acid, HA; fulvic acid, FA; and nonhumic fraction, NHF), chemical fractionation, synthetic acid rainwater (SAR) solubility, and extractability at various pH levels of metals in composts. We evaluated the influence of dissolved organic carbon from compost on the extractability of these metals. The SSM composts were enriched with Cu (154-1380 mg kg -1 ), Mn (239-976 mg kg -1 ), and Zn (372-2840 mg kg -1 ). The SAR and neutral-pH extractable fractions of Cu, Mn, Zn, and organic C were generally low ( 8) resulted from dissolution of organic matter. Conversely, the extractability of Mn and Zn at alkaline pH levels was low. The major portions of Cu, Mn, and Zn were found in the organic, oxide, and carbonate fractions, respectively, regardless of their content in these composts. The results of this study show that Cu in SSM compost is primarily bound to organics.


The tilt test showed severe orthostatic cerebral hypoperfusion syndrome (OCHOS) with reduced cerebral blood flow velocity. OCHOS is associated with reduced orthostatic cerebral blood flow velocity without orthostatic hypotension or arrhythmia.


Objective: identifying the association between knowledge about antiretroviral therapy and the level of compliance to adults' treatment in outpatient clinics. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out in the Countryside of Pernambuco in 2013. Study participants were 256 adults under antiretroviral therapy. There were used three data collection instruments. For comparison analysis of qualitative variables the Pearson's chi-squared test was used. It was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital under number 205.799. Results: 70,3% of people with regular and low level of compliance to the antiretroviral were detected and 84,8% with a regular level of knowledge. A significant association between the level of knowledge and the level of compliance with the treatment was identified (p<0,001). Conclusion: the knowledge level about antiretroviral therapy seems to influence the compliance with treatment, suggesting that the health professionals intensify their educational actions in health by involving the theme. It is recommended further studies in this field of research. Descriptors: Medication compliance, Knowledge, Highly active antiretroviral therapy, Anti-retroviral agents.


A statistical–dynamical downscaling (SDD) approach for the regionalization of wind energy output (Eout) over Europe with special focus on Germany is proposed. SDD uses an extended circulation weather type (CWT) analysis on global daily mean sea level pressure fields with the central point being located over Germany. Seventy‐seven weather classes based on the associated CWT and the intensity of the geostrophic flow are identified. Representatives of these classes are dynamically downscaled with the regional climate model COSMO‐CLM. By using weather class frequencies of different data sets, the simulated representatives are recombined to probability density functions (PDFs) of near‐surface wind speed and finally to Eout of a sample wind turbine for present and future climate. This is performed for reanalysis, decadal hindcasts and long‐term future projections. For evaluation purposes, results of SDD are compared to wind observations and to simulated Eout of purely dynamical downscaling (DD) methods.


Introduction: The pelvic anatomy  is an ideal part of using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as it is particularly suitable for detecting abnormalities in soft tissues. Endometriosis is a disease that is 10% suffered by women in the premenopausal or reproductive period, in which a tissue that resembles endometrium outside the uterus is purely a chronic inflammatory action.
Materials and Methods: This research is descriptive qualitative with case study approach. MRI Pelvic Women Examination with clinical Endometriosis using protocol sequences: T2 TSE and T1 SPAIR sagittal planes; T2 TSE long axis (LAX) and short axis (SAX); T1 TSE; T1 FLAIR, T1 TSE FS, EP2D Diffusion axial planes; as well as the T2 Haste FS of coronal planes thick slice and T2 Spc3D sequences.
Results and Discussion: In the outcome of the images seen cyst endometriosis in the right-left ovarium, hypointense on T2 and hyperintense on T1 and T1 FS. Enlarged uterine size. Seen multiple cysts of hypointense posterior uterine lesions in sequence T2 and hyperintens in sequence T1 SPAIR.Conclusions: MRI Pelvic Women Examination have a good role to diagnose the pathologies of female genetic organs and the anatomy between organs can be clearly distinguished by the giving of vaginal and rectum ultrasound jelly, and full bladder.


The focus of this comparative analysis is the identity formation of characters in Virginia Woolf 's Mrs. Dalloway and Michael Cunningham's The Hours , as influenced by the difference they perceive both within themselves, and in relation to others. The theoretical ground used in this essay is mostly borrowed from gender theory, feminist literary criticism and psychoanalysis, while the aim was to explore the impact of the process of differentiation on the personalities, the emotions and the lifestyles of the characters, particularly within the boundaries imposed by gender differences.


The volt-ampere curve of silicon differential photodiodes were measured. It was found that the current-voltage curve of the photodiodes of the main and additional channels had a similar shape, without revealing a significant dependence on the implantation dose of the additional channel. The main parameters of the equivalent circuits of photodiodes are determined. In the reverse branch, the dominant impact was exerted by the surface leakage conductivity with a differential resistance of about 10 GΩ. Measurements from minus 60 °C to 60 °C showed that when using amplifiers with an input impedance of about 103 Ω, differential photoreceivers can be successfully used as selective short-wavelength and two-color ones.


Background: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting 6%-10% of women of reproductive age and is defined by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus (lesions), commonly affecting the pelvis and ovaries. It is associated with debilitating pelvic pain, infertility, and fatigue and often has devastating effects on the quality of life (QoL). Although it is as common as back pain, it is poorly understood, and treatment and diagnosis are often delayed, leading to unnecessary suffering. Endometriosis has no cure. Surgery is one of several management options. Quantifying the probability of successful surgery is important for guiding clinical decisions and treatment strategies. Factors predicting success through pain reduction after endometriosis surgery have not yet been adequately identified. Objective: This study aims to determine which women with confirmed endometriosis benefit from surgical improvement in pain and QoL and whether these women could be identified from clinical symptoms measured before laparoscopy. Methods: First, we will carry out a systematic search and review and, if appropriate, meta-analysis of observational cohort and case-control studies reporting one or more risk factors for endometriosis


A plasma current of 1o - 3 kA is generated and maintained for I second by injecting a 2.45 GHz microwave power of 5 kW without Ohmic heating power. Magnetic measurements suggest that closed flux surfaces are formed. The electron density inferred from an interferometer is more than 1.0 x 10rr cm-3 which is beyond the plasma cut off density, suggesting that electron cyclotron heating by modeconverted electron Bemstein waves may be responsible for plasma heating and current drive. The plasma currents are observed to increase with the increase of RF power and equilibrium vertical field, and 1o = 5 kA have been obtained by 2 GHz klystron power of 53 kW.


invalid, he not only spotted them as such but, as Prior once remarked, he "trounced" them. In a short review, it is impossible even to mention interesting points from each of the papers in this collection. Let me conclude by saying simply that I found all the papers interesting (even those farthest away from my position on various historical and philosophical spectra), that the volume's editor has done a fine job (misprints are minor—Ree for Ree, for example—but a subject index would have been helpful), and that the bibliography (supplied by Yvon Lafrance) is an absolute goldmine of further reading. Besides the comments by Grice noted above, I would suggest only two additions to Lafrance's selection: R. M. Hare's "A Question About Plato's Theory of Ideas" and Robert Sleigh's Leibniz & Arnauld, both of which raise important methodological issues in the history of philosophy, while at the same time providing fine specimens of actual activity in that discipline.


Wales. Meanwhile, missionaries were also being sent from Ireland to the "barbarians" of Western Europe. Rome was not happy with the Celtic way. At the Synod of Whitby in 664, the two sides clashed ostensibly over the dating of Easter and the hairstyle of priests and monks. But the real issues were conservatism versus change, being indigenous versus cultural uniformity, and Rome's control of the church. Hunter sees these same issues in the mainline churches today. "In most American denominations, including mine," he writes, "the people who control the denomination ... are the same people who are less apostolic in their emphasis; who assume that they know best; who ... are certain that a European way of doing church is best for all churches" (44). In fleshing out the reasons for Celtic Christian expansion, the author identifies five themes to describe Celtic missionary ecclesiology: Celtic Christians (a) evangelized as a team; (b) prepared people to live with depth, compassion, and missionary power; (c) engaged people's imaginations through a life of imaginative prayer; (d) practiced a ministry of hospitality with seekers, visitors, and refugees; and (e) helped people come to Christ by first establishing a relationship with them through fellowship, ministry, and conversation (in contrast to the Roman model of presentation, followed by decision, then fellowship). Drawing upon Aristotle's rhetorical theory, Hunter suggests that much of Celtic power was attributable to the ethos of the communicators and their communities, their intelligence, character, and goodwill. They had the dynamism and credibility that secular people today expect of those who are seeking to reach them. They identified with their hearers, appealing to their imagination and passion. They earned the right to be heard. The doctrine of the Trinity was the foundational paradigm for contextualization. In contrast to Roman Christianity, Celtic Christians emphasized the persons rather than the unity of the Trinity, and the immanence rather than the transcendence of the triune God. They interpreted the death of Christ to a people Book Reviews 105


Al2O3 and TiO2 deposited by atomic layer deposition are evaluated as etch masks for dry etch processes in an inductively coupled plasma reactor using the Bosch process. In the inductively coupled plasma chamber during deep silicon etching, because of the chemical nature of the etch process and the inert nature of Al2O3, the result is exceptional selectivity for silicon over as-deposited Al2O3, particularly at relatively low bias and high pressures used for through-wafer etching. TiO2 is less resistant and appears to suffer more from chemical attack. In both cases, etch rate increases slowly with increasing rf bias. However, there is a sharp discontinuity in the etch rate of Al2O3 when the bias power is operated in a pulsed low-frequency mode. This is thought to be due to increased sputtering from heavier ions. Preliminary studies indicate the etching conditions for Al2O3 may be extended into a dielectric etch regime requiring more study.


Approximately 94.6% of the land area in the United States is termed rural or open space. Although the geographic size of this area is enormous, rural counties, towns, and villages are less likely than other locations to have sophisticated resources dedicated to road maintenance and safety. Through geographic information system (GIS) techniques and increased data availability, a data-driven approach to screening rural roadways has become an effective way to prioritize the use of limited highway safety funds for potential improvements. A GIS-based screening tool was developed with cutting-edge techniques, which included sliding window analysis and empirical Bayesian statistics. The screening tool implements these analytical methods, while taking advantage of GIS spatial computing techniques. A simple user interface aids in processing. Intended to simplify implementation by practicing professionals, the tool is designed to make use of existing geometric and law enforcement crash response data reporting, which is normally available to roadway authorities. The developed tool offers an efficient solution to several rural safety prioritization challenges by providing an effective way to screen the use of existing data. This tool implements screening methods on the basis of both modeling and crash counts, and offers flexible and accurate prioritization options for safety engineers.


The distillate from the deodorization of palm oil (DDPO) is an agro-industrial residue, approximately 84% of which consists of free fatty acids (FFAs), which can be used for the production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE). A catalyst (10HPMo/AlSiM) obtained from a waste material, Amazon flint kaolin, was applied in the esterification of the DDPO, reaching a conversion index of 94%, capable of maintaining satisfactory activity (>75%) after four consecutive cycles. Flint kaolin is therefore proven to be an efficient option in the search for new heterogeneous low-cost catalysts obtained from industrial by-products, contributing to the reduction of environmental impact and adding value to widely available wastes that would otherwise be discarded directly into the environment. Based on the catalytic results, esterification of DDPO using 10HPMo/AlSiM can be a cheaper alternative for the production of sustainable fuels.


A wearable device for capacitive coupled communications is described. The wearable device includes capacitive sensor transceiver circuitry configured to receive a capacitive coupled signal from a host device. The capacitive coupled signal is received through a body of a user of the wearable device and is modulated to include a request for authentication data to authenticate the wearable device with the host device. The wearable device includes processing circuitry in communication with the capacitive sensor transceiver circuitry to process the received capacitive coupled signal and transmit authentication data modulated on a capacitive coupled reply signal to the host device. The capacitive coupled reply signal modulated with the authentication data is transmitted through the body of the user of the wearable device. The capacitive sensor transceiver circuitry receives another capacitive coupled signal from the host device modulated with information indicating a successful authentication of the wearable device with the host device.


METHODS: 40 undergraduate Kinesiology students (mean±SD, age = 22± 3, junior =45%, senior = 55%) were randomly assigned to either experimental group 1 or group 2. Group 1 completed traditional laboratory activities, whereas group 2 completed the VLEP. Both groups then completed the same assessment to evaluate their understanding of aerobic (VO2max) and anaerobic (Wingate) power laboratory concepts. A one-way ANOVA was performed to determine if there were any significant differences between the two groups (α = .05). The students were also asked to rate their experiences using a qualitative questionnaire. One of the relevant components of that questionnaire asked students to indicate which laboratory type they preferred. A second relevant component asked students to indicate how educational they thought the VLEP program was. RESULTS: Mean aerobic power lab activity assessment scores (%) were 81.5 ± 5.4 and 81.6 ± 6.6 and mean anaerobic power lab assessment scores were 82.5 ± 8.1 and 83.0 ± 6.5 for groups 1 and 2, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups in either aerobic power lab assessment scores or aerobic power lab assessment scores. In this investigation, 47.5% of the students indicated a preference for the traditional laboratory activity, and the other 52.51% of the class either preferred the VLEP (27.5%) or did not prefer one laboratory type over another (25.0%). Students agreed that the VLEP was at least moderately educational (25.0%), and most students thought that the VLEP was very educational (75.0%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings support that VLEP instructs students as effectively as a traditional laboratory. We hope VLEP could remove enrollment bottleneck challenges and provide a lower cost, experiential, accessible alternative for Kinesiology major students in CSU.


In the past decade there has been a rapid diversification of services provided for patients with chronic psychiatric illnesses. Although these services are thought to be beneficial for those who use them, there has been little in the way of objective evaluation. As new services begin to compete for the limited resources available, it has been recommended that they should demonstrate their effectiveness. This paper reports a small pilot study on the value of an arts based service known as START (Bridges & Brown, 1989) which won a BBC 'It's My City' competition in 1989. It has been a popular component of the rehabilitation services of the Department of Psychiatry, Manchester Royal Infirmary since its inception in 1986.


Holistic approaches to energy access have the potential to break the current status-quo. They can accelerate energy access efforts, and make universal energy access possible through tight coordination among the national grid, mini-grids, and standalone solar systems, and with optimal allocation of technical, human, and financial resources among all three electrification modes. Realizing these benefits requires careful identification of the key bottlenecks in energy access and the design of adequate frameworks based on an integrated approach that includes institutional, regulatory, economic, financial, technical, and operational analysis of the distribution sector. This dissertation demonstrates how integrated approaches can be applied in practice to advance the universal energy access agenda, through a detailed analysis of the Integrated Distribution Framework (IDF) and possible regulatory vehicles allowing for its implementation. From a study of past and ongoing African experiences in energy access, it shows that the IDF is a prime avenue to address key bottlenecks in distribution sector reforms for universal energy access. To explore the practical feasibility of integrated approaches, this thesis examines the role of concessions as a possible regulatory vehicle for the implementation of IDF. It examines the potential of utility concessions, briefly mentions the role of mini-grid concessions, and concludes with a much more thorough analysis of solar concessions as a promising mechanism to integrate off-grid solar into regulated approaches to energy access such as IDF. The primary contributions from this work include establishing the strong connection between the concept of integrated approaches to energy access and past and ongoing experiences in SubSaharan Africa; the identification of the key high-level institutional, regulatory, economic, and financial challenges facing the implementation of the Integrated Distribution Framework; a review of the potential of territorial utility concessions for the implementation of IDF and outlining possible guidelines to design IDF-like utility concessions for universal energy access; a brief analysis of the limitations of current mini-grid concessions in energy access and the need for further reforms to bring mini-grid concessions into the realm of IDF; an assessment of the role of solar concessions in harnessing the full potential of solar in universal energy access, and the challenges facing planners in the integration of off-grid solar into IDF; finally, a framework for the design and implementation of solar concessions. This thesis is grounded in a detailed study of past and ongoing African experiences and, to a lesser extent, Latin American and Asian experiences in energy access to inform distribution sector reforms in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the insights and recommendations can be generalized and applied to similar contexts.


We have examined the nature of V-defects and inclusions embedded within these defects by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/cathodoluminescence (CL) in InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs). To date, indium distribution nonuniformity in the well or GaN barrier growth temperature have been identified as the main factors responsible for the V-defect occurrence and propagation. Further complicating the matter, inclusions embedded within V-defects originating at the first InGaN-to-GaN interface have been observed under certain growth conditions. Our AFM and high-resolution SEM/CL findings provide evidence that some V-defects occur merely as direct results of barrier temperature growth, and that there are additional V-defects associated with In-rich regions, which act as sinks for further indium segregation during the MQW growth. Both types of V-defects have a tendency of promoting inclusions at low-temperature (800 °C) GaN barrier growth in an H2-free enviro...


Abstract In this paper, we give an axiomatization of the ordinal number system, in the style of Dedekind's axiomatization of the natural number system. The latter is based on a structure
$(N,0,s)$
 consisting of a set N, a distinguished element
$0\in N$
 and a function
$s\colon N\to N$
 . The structure in our axiomatization is a triple
$(O,L,s)$
 , where O is a class, L is a class function defined on all s-closed 'subsets' of O, and s is a class function
$s\colon O\to O$
 . In fact, we develop the theory relative to a Grothendieck-style universe (minus the power set axiom), as a way of bringing the natural and the ordinal cases under one framework. We also establish a universal property for the ordinal number system, analogous to the well-known universal property for the natural number system.


This paper focuses on uncertain pendulum-like systems subjected to norm-bounded parameter uncertainty in the forward path and a vector-valued periodic nonlinearity in the feedback path, and addresses the robust gradient-like behavior analysis and synthesis problems for such systems. Sufficient conditions for robust gradient-like behavior are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and a technique for the estimation of the uncertainty bound is proposed by solving a generalized eigenvalue minimization problem. The problem of robust controller synthesis is concerned with designing a feedback controller such that the resulting closed-loop system is gradient-like for all admissible uncertainties. It is shown that a solution to the gradient-like control problem for the uncertain pendulum-like system can be obtained by solving a gradient-like control problem for an uncertainty free system. An example is presented to demonstrate the applicability and validity of the proposed approach.


In the calculation of the potential, we took into account the induction component of the field. The points were preassigned with a rectangular lattice 30 x 30 • 30 and 20 x 20 • 20 onto one ~ void. From each point, the species could be displaced into six neighboring ones parallel to the coordinate axes. The initial probabilities of finding the species in the points corresponded to a Boltzmann distribution. We carried out 600 steps according to the above-described procedure, after which we determined the limiting flow according to (5), the average time of escape from the void according to (6), and D according to (7). The temperature of the system was preassigned as 300 K. The following results were obtained (the calculation error was ~20%):


The utility model relates to the wood processing technical field, composed of a decorative layer, a sandwich layer, and a base layer gluing together. The utility model has the main characteristics that an upper middle layer is additionally arranged between the decorative layer and the sandwich layer, a lower middle layer is additionally arranged between the sandwich layer and the base layer, and the wood fibers of each layer are vertical to each other. The utility model has stable end panel dimension, can efficiently overcome camber and fissures and can save valuable wood in large amount with high utilization rate of wood.


Establish the evaluation and calculation model of post-earthquake reconstruction community landscape facility based on weighted TOPSIS method. Determine each weight of evaluation factor with analytic hierarchy process method. Applying the model on post-earthquake reconstructed Yijie district in Dujiangyan and analyzing the result to verify the model's maneuverability, and provide guiding thought for reconstruction community landscape facilities.


Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a noninvasive technique that uses a measure of blood oxygenation to study the anatomical correlates of


PROOF 302 is an ongoing randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, adjuvant phase III trial (NCT04197986) in approximately 218 patients from 120 centers worldwide. Eligibility criteria include post-surgical high-risk muscle-invasive upper tract urothelial cancer (85% of patients) or urothelial bladder cancer (15%), susceptible FGFR3 alterations (activating mutations, gene fusions or rearrangements), ≤120 days following radical surgery and ineligible for/or refusing cisplatin-based (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients receive either oral infigratinib 125 mg or placebo daily on days 1-21 of a 28-day cycle for up to 52 weeks or until recurrence, unacceptable toxicity or death. Primary end point: centrally determined disease-free survival (DFS); secondary end points: investigator-assessed DFS, metastasis-free survival, overall survival and safety/tolerability; exploratory end points: correlative biomarker analysis, quality-of-life and infigratinib pharmacokinetics.


The development of new high-yielding modern tourism products in the tourism industry such as special events and business, urban tourism, restaurant, cultural, educational, sports and health tourism, contribute to the attractiveness and increase the flow of tourists into the country. Astana "EXPO-2017" as a global event, is the powerful engine for development of the tourism industry in general, and event tourism in particular, not only in the Republic of Kazakhstan, but also far beyond its borders. Conducting in Kazakhstan of such major events as the EXPO-2017, the Winter World University Games in 2017, the international business-forums will help improve the national spirit, the pride and the country's global image as a tourist destination, and also bring many benefits, including - urban regeneration, creating new jobs, increasing the flow of tourists and foreign investment.


The three-phase two-level pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converter operates in rectification state or active inverter state according to the corresponding experimental requirements of Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. However, the current fault diagnosis methods proposed for PWM converters usually deal with only the rectification state or inverter state. To solve this problem, this article proposes a diagnosis method to detect single and double open-circuit faults under both the rectification state and active inverter state. First, an inception-based neural network diagnosis model is proposed, in which 1 × 1, 3 × 3, 5 × 5, and 7 × 7 convolution and 3 × 3 max-pooling processes are conducted in parallel at the input and the output and stacked together to generate the final output. Second, the model is trained using three-phase alternating current current signals to determine the location of open-switch faults with a large number of simulation data samples and fewer experimental data samples. Finally, the experimental result shows that the proposed model can accurately detect approximately 99.14% of the open-switch faults within 12.83 ms (<3/4 cycle) without an additional sensor. Furthermore, the result shows that the proposed model is robust to load voltage transient conditions and nonunity power factor conditions.


With the end of the Cold War, the emphasis on monitoring nuclear weapons tests has shifted from the 1976 Threshold Test Ban Treaty (TTBT), which confined the US and USSR to a limit of 150 kilotons (kt), to the Comprehensive Test Ban (CTB) Treaty, which would ban all nuclear tests by the signatories. 1995 will be a watershed year to control the proliferation of nuclear weapons, as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) must be considered for renewal. The fate of the NPT is dependent on a successful CTB negotiation, because the two treaties are politically linked. This paper will cover one aspect of these broader issues by discussing the monitoring of the TTBT and CTB. It is important to study the past (TTBT) in order to learn for the future (CTB).


Provided is a driving circuit, comprising a switching transistor with a maximum design voltage V2 and a cascode transistor with a maximum design voltage V1, wherein the cascode transistor and the switching transistor are connected in series in a source-drain coupled manner. The circuit further comprises a current source coupled between an intermediate voltage node and a grid of the cascode transistor. If the driving circuit is a low-side driver, the intermediate voltage node receives a voltage Vmed, which is set to be lower than a high supply voltage Vhigh and satisfies the conditions of a) Vmed<=V2 and b) Vhigh-Vmed<=V1. If the driving circuit is a high-side driver, the intermediate voltage node receives a voltage Vmed, which is set to be lower than the high supply voltage and satisfies the conditions of a) Vmed<=V1 and b) Vhigh-Vmed<=V2. The circuit can be configured to be a push-pull driver by coupling of the high-side driver and the low-side driver in series.


Based on measurements of mid-girths of billets and bole height, volume tables for Eucalyptus grandis in Grassland afforestation areas and for Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus tereticornis in Industrial Plantation Circle in Kerala are presented Studies on the bark of Eucalyptus trees in these areas revealed that (1) in I. P. C. E. tereticornis has a thicker bark and a higher percentage bark volume than E. grandis and (2) E. grandis has a thicker bark and a higher percentage bark volume in I. P. C. than in grass lands .


Sticking to the political soul and spiritual pursuit of communists is the requirement for the whole communist party members,which is raised at the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.It is also an important prerequisite and fundamental guarantee for promoting the scientific level of the construction of the party comprehensively and maintaining the advanced nature and purity of the party in the new era.The prime condition of sticking to the political soul and spiritual pursuit of communists is to grasp the Marxist faith,the scientific connotation and spiritual essence of the socialism and communistic belief at the level of theories,and to clearly realize the new situation for the communist political soul and spiritual pursuit brought by the new development of this period.And contemporaneously,the political soul and spiritual pursuit need to be embodied in the value system of the communist ideal faith,and reflected in the party construction and the great practice of socialist construction with Chinese characteristics.The integral layout and institutions for strengthening the ideological theory construction should be drawn up from a strategic altitude of building a long-term mechanism.


Two novel 3d−5d Cu(II)−W(V) cyano-bridged compounds, [Cu(tn)]3[W(CN)8]2·3H2O (1) and [Cu(pn)]3[W(CN)8]2·3H2O (2), where tn is 1,3-diaminopropane and pn is 1,2-diaminopropane, have been synthesized and characterized structurally and magnetically. The X-ray analyses of the two complexes reveal that they exhibit two-dimensional layer structures with the following crystal data:  space group P21/c, a = 24.459(5) A, b = 9.6426(19) A, c = 18.037(4) A, β = 90.45(3)°, V = 4253.9(15) A3, Z = 4 for 1; and space group P21/c, a = 24.126(5) A, b = 9.8889(19) A, c = 18.077(3) A, β = 90.204(4)°, V = 4312.9(14) A3, and Z = 4 for 2. Magnetic properties of the two compounds have also been investigated. Both show typical metamagnetic behavior. The critical field at which the interlayer antiferromagnetic ground-state switches to a ferromagnetic state is ∼1.25 T for 1 and 0.35 T for 2 at 1.8 K.


With far more men than women, China's sex imbalance has already reached epic proportions. But a new study published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) suggests that the problem is only going to get worse.


The TMS370 family of microcomputers was designed with a requirement for >99% stuck fault coverage. A design for testability (DFT) methodology called parallel/serial scan design was used which partitioned the design into independently testable modules along functional divisions. The automatically generated tests are then reuseable when the same functional module is included in a different configuration of microcomputer by simply concatenating the module tests. Thus, test preparation is only needed once per module. The DFT methodology is presented along with the application results.<<ETX>>


.......................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ ix List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1 – Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2 – A Review of the Literature on Hazard Communication and a History of Chemical Regulatory Activity in the United States ..................................................................... 8 Chapter 3 – Transitioning from MSDS to SDS: Effects of Signal Words and Hazard & Precautionary Pictograms .......................................................................................... 22 Chapter 4 – Evaluating the Impact of Hazard and Precautionary Pictograms on Chemical Product Labels ........................................................................................................... 40 Chapter 5 – The Role of Performance Based Qualifiers in the Interpretation of GHS Hazard and Precautionary Statements ................................................................................... 62 Chapter 6 – Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 100 References .................................................................................................................................. 102 Appendix 1 – OSHA Form 174 .................................................................................................. 108 Appendix 2 – IRB approval forms .............................................................................................. 110 Appendix 3 – Survey for SDS study ............................................................................................114 Appendix 4 – Example SDS for SDS study................................................................................ 136 Appendix 5 – Data for SDS study............................................................................................... 163 Appendix 6 – Coded data for SDS study .................................................................................... 257


The quality of drinking water that is essential for life is a powerful environmental determinant of health. Engineering works in all fields have been constructed to distribute water from places of abundance to places in need. All water sources contain suspended and particulate inorganic/organic substances that must be dispelled during water treatment process to yield pure water that is fit for drinking and any other usage. Treatment procedures should be chosen in order to improve water stability. Many treatment processes (sometimes called unit processes and unit operations) are linked together to form a treatment plant in order to produce water of the desired quality. Unit operations, which are physical and chemical (aeration, adsorption, membrane processes, ion exchange, coagulation and flocculation, chemical oxidation and water softening) and mechanical (sedimentation and filtration) should be taken into consideration for producing clean drinking water. Choosing the suitable treatment process is a critical step in the procurement of safe, reliable, high quality drinking water at a cost-effective price for green/sustainable engineering. As a main part of the EU Project titled as "Implementation of ECVET for Qualification Design in Drinking Water Treatment Plants and Sanitation for Pure Drinkable Water-PUREH2O" that includes environmental planning, training in the field of drinking water, sustainable development, sound practices not only in the field of drinking water but also affiliated treatment facilities, this study focuses on selection of the water source, unit operations for drinking water and choosing water treatment processes.


Abstract Food fermentations in West Africa are still conducted spontaneously because of the lack of knowledge, unavailability of adequate technologies and the lack of production facilities. This study aimed at using maize flour as carrier material to develop a multifunctional freeze-dried starter culture with a mixture of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast strains. The maize flour carrier was tested for microorganisms' freeze-drying, water activity (aw) as well as microbial viability. Two commercial carrier materials, i.e. soluble starch and skimmed milk, were used for comparison. After microbial freeze-drying, similar aw values (aw = 0.05–0.06) were obtained with the maize flour and the commercial carriers, i.e. skimmed milk and soluble starch. A slight increase of aw (0.07–0.08) was observed with the maize flour after 15 and 45 days storage at 4°C. For the three carrier materials, similar microbial log reduction (1.78–1.35 units with Lactobacillus fermentum Lf and 0.73–0.67 units with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sc) was recorded just after freeze-drying and remained constant after 15 and 45 days storage at 4°C. Further, a defined freeze-dried starter culture was developed using the maize flour carrier as for a mixed culture of LAB and yeast strains. The defined freeze-dried culture showed stable fermentation activity during storage. The results indicated that the maize flour-based carrier could be suitable for microbial freeze-drying. Therefore, installing starter culture production facilities in West Africa to control cereal fermentation is possible. It will contribute to upgrading the sector of cereal food in this part of the world.


We have established that relatively simple calculations of the Coulomb interaction in the lattice of doped lithium niobate (LN, LiNbO3) can confirm the physical properties of real crystals. We have developed a method for the double adjustment of real XRD data for calculations of Coulomb interaction in a LN cluster. The study considers two crystals doped with boron (LN:B); LN:B(1) has been grown from a charge with 0.02 mol% B2O3, boron has been introduced by homogeneous doping, LN:B(2) has been grown from a charge with 0.547 mol% B2O3, and boron has been introduced by direct solid-state doping. XRD and Rietveld method data have been obtained for these crystals. The obtained data have been used to build a model of the LN cluster; the cluster in the calculations consists of six oxygen octahedra of the LN structure. The cluster configuration has been chosen in such a way that the structure contains two tetrahedral voids. We have studied 10 variants of filling a cluster with intrinsic cations (Li, Nb), defects, and vacancies. There are 10 of them because, in addition to the basic cations in their positions, defects are present in the structure. In terms of the defects used (NbLi, NbV), we have used only those that Rietveld found for these exact LN:B crystals, and the vacancy in the niobium octahedron (VNb) compensates for these defects, according to the models known for LN. The energy of the Coulomb interaction between the cluster structure of a real crystal and the boron cation localized in it in different positions has been calculated for each of the configurations. Calculations have demonstrated that B is more likely to be embedded near a defect than in a regular structure. This means that boron positively influences the local substructure of doped LN crystals, not only structures the melt during crystal growth. Calculations have shown that the type and location of structural defects affect the position of boron in the structure of a LN crystal. Calculations have also shown that LN:B(1) has a more stable structure, including optical damage resistance. The photoinduced light scattering (PILS) patterns and conoscopic patterns confirm this conclusion for the studied LN:B crystals. The information obtained in this study may be useful for interpreting the defective structure of LN crystals co-doped with boron and metals (Mg, Zn, etc.). This will supplement the knowledge available in the literature regarding models that describe the structure of complexly doped LN crystals.


The 4F consortium has obtained new results on microstructured optical fibers for the development of Ytterbium active fibers with a large core but also of hollow fibers for the transport of the laser beam. The active fiber core composition aims to ensure good performance in aging and photodarkening. The fiber specifications are a Mode Field Diameter greater than 30 μm, a Polarization Extinction Ratio more than 15 dB, a cladding absorption at 976 nm more than 10 dB/m, bending over a relatively small diameter (about 20cm). The fiber will allow a laser operation exceeding 150 W.


This paper improves the 2D mesh topology structure. DMesh which connects the diagonal of the 2D mesh and DTorus which connects the diagonal and subtense of 2D mesh are presented. Corresponding routing algorithms named DXY and TDXY are proposed. Experiments are obtained by simulating the routing process and the results demonstrate that DMesh and DTorus topology economizes the amount of routing path, decreases average communication delay, increases throughput and enriches the routing paths.


Introduction  A major aspect of the normal ageing process is the loss of suppleness of tissues; skin becomes wrinkled and there is a decline in joint flexibility. These gradual changes predominantly result due to long-term alterations in the extracellular matrices (ECMs) of structures including skin, tendons/ligaments, bones, cartilage and blood vessels. ECMs are generally remodelled during an individual's life, but for tendons/ligaments this occurs at a slow rate. Parameters such as slow turnover, long-term post-translational modifications and extensive cell–matrix interactions are three aspects of ECM biology, which influence the mechanisms of ageing. Ageing of tendon/ligament is a major problem affecting the mobility of an increasingly ageing population, and age-related changes lead to numerous musculoskeletal pathologies in old age. Therefore, the initial objective of these studies was to compare the biochemical composition of young vs. old tendon, with an aim of elucidating the mechanisms controlling the ageing process in tendon ECM.

Materials and methods  Tail tendons were dissected from 2-, 9-, 12- or 22-month-old C57/Blacks, and both protein and RNA were analysed for differences in ECM tendon composition with age (n = 4). Proteoglycans were extracted in 4 m guanidine hydrochloride and sulphated glycosaminoglycans measured using the DMMB assay. Collagens were extracted by acid hydrolysis and total collagen measured using the hydroxyproline assay; additionally, the ratio of collagen types in the ageing tail tendons was analysed by Western blotting with antibodies raised against collagen types I, III and V. The degree of tissue hydration was determined by measuring the water content of the tendons. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 expression and activation were detected by gelatin substrate zymography, and the presence of their inhibitors was assessed by reverse zymography. To assess age changes at the transcriptional level, RNA was extracted from tendons, labelled with biotin and cDNA arrays (Affymetrix) performed.

Results  The results indicate that there is a change in tendon matrix composition with increasing age (Table 1). There is a significant loss in tissue hydration and a reduction in the amount of sulphated GAGs present in the 22-month tendons compared with young tissue, whilst the amount of collagen present does not significantly alter.

Table 1.    2 months 9 months 12 months 22 months

*
µg/mg wet weight tissue.

†
µg/mg dry weight tissue.

sGAG (µg/mg)* 49.6 ± 8.7 — 40.1 ± 4.6 28.9 ± 0.9
Collagen (µg/mg)† 48.4 ± 5.3 39.9 ± 3.4 40.2 ± 4.7 47.2 ± 4.3
Water content (%) 80.4 ± 3.9 74.6 ± 2.4 74.5 ± 3.8 69.3 ± 2.8

Analysis of MMP expression by gelatin zymography demonstrated that there was a significant loss of MMP-9 expression in the tendons of 9- and 12-month-old animals. MMP-9 was only evident in the 2- and 22-month-old tendons indicative of developmental turnover and a remodelling response, respectively. MMP-2 expression and activation was evident in all tendon ages analysed, as were the MMP inhibitors – TIMP-1 and TIMP-2.

Discussion  The data demonstrate that during the ageing process, the composition of tendon ECM is modified. This may compromise the response of the tissue to application of mechanical loads hence the increased incidences of musculoskeletal injuries, e.g. tendon/ligament sprains in elderly people. The reduction in both water and sGAGs, and the increased expression of MMP-9 may be responsible for changes observed in biomechanical properties where the tendons become more brittle and less able to withstand load. Understanding changes in the biochemical composition may allow us to manipulate cell activity and ultimately ECM structure and function to combat these age-related effects and the musculoskeletal pathologies incurred.


Ten years ago plans were made to reduce the phosphorus load from sewage‐treatment works' effluents into the River Thames. This was driven by the EC Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive in relation to sensitive areas (eutrophic). Modelling work identified the most significant loads to tackle first. Phosphorus removal had been commissioned at 36 works by 2003. The orthophosphate load to the River Thames from these works has reduced from 5755 to 688 kg P/day. The impact of the improvement programme on the quality of the river was assessed by comparing pre‐ and post‐investment data. Orthophosphate concentrations in the river have reduced from between about 0.5 and 2 mg P/L to 0.2 and 0.4 mg P/L. These observations match the model predictions. Chlorophyll a concentrations in the river have also reduced. This was unexpected given that the orthophosphate concentrations still exceed the values thought to be limiting for algal growth.


The effect of harvest time and fruit growth on hesperidin content was studied on four Citrus species. The highest hesperidin content in different tested Citrus species was obtained 50 to 60 days after full bloom. Hesperidin content also varied in different species and its level was much higher in local orange, navel orange and clementine.


Let M be a holonomic module over the Weyl algebra K[t] , K a field of characteristic zero. We prove a stationary phase formula which expresses the formalization of the germ at infinity of the Fourier transform of M in terms of a sum of local contributions depending on the germs defined by M at its singular points and at infinity. For this purpose, we consider formal analogues of the local Fourier transforms defined by G. Laumon in the l-adic setting (for instance, the transformation labelled (0,\infty) by Laumon corresponds in our context to formal microlocalization). When K is the field of complex numbers we can describe in a similar way the 1-Gevrey germ at infinity defined by M. When K is a p-adic field, we make a modest attempt to reproduce a small part of these constructions in the p-adic setting. We define a ring of p-adic microdifferential operators (of finite order) and we prove a p-adic stationary phase formula in some special cases.


A forward swept rotor was produced on the basis of transonic compressor NASA rotor 11 original geometry.The steady flow fields of this forward swept rotor and rotor 11 have been numerically simulated under design rotation speed,which shows that the performance of forward swept rotor especially the stall margin has been improved.The unsteady simulation of the flow fields of forward swept rotor and rotor 11 indicates that the inlet circumferential total pressure distortion has caused the deterioration of performance.However the forward swept rotor has lower mass flow near stall point compared with the original rotor 11 under the inlet circumferential pressure distortion,because the flow field near the blade tip region benefits from the forward swept rotor.


Dietary fat intake is potentially associated with the onset of esophageal carcinoma (EC), but evidence from observational studies has remained unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the role of fat intake in the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science to identify all relevant studies. Study-specific relative risks (RR) for the highest versus the lowest intake categories and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using a random-effects model. Seventeen case-control studies (2058 EAC cases, 1581 ESCC cases and 11696 controls) and two prospective cohort studies (494, 978 participants and 630 EAC cases and 215 ESCC cases) were identified. In EAC, the RRs (95% CI) were 1.69 (1.14–2.50) for total fat intake, 1.88 (1.28–2.77) for saturated fat (SFA) intake, 1.04 (0.86–1.27) for polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) intake and 1.70 (1.01–2.84) for monounsaturated fat (MUFA) intake. In ESCC, the RRs (95% CI) were 1.12 (0.84–1.51) for total fat, 1.38 (0.91–2.08) for SFA, 0.95 (0.55–1.62) for PUFA and 1.04 (0.65–1.66) for MUFA. In conclusion, total fat, SFA and MUFA intake were associated with EAC risk, but fat intake showed no significant association with ESCC risk. Large-scale prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm our findings.


This thesis focuses on the management of foreign exchange risk. It has two main parts, theoretical and practical. The first section provides theoretical knowledge, which is the basis for the practical part. The theoretical part focuses on the exchange rate, exchange rate risks and the possibility of exchange rate hedging. The practical part includes an analysis of the foreign currency position of Pipelife Czech Company, an analysis of banking products for foreign exchange risk hedging and macroeconomic analysis. The last part contains the actual project management of foreign exchange risk in the Pipelife Czech Company.


The discovery in 1990 that porous silicon demonstrates efficient photoluminescence in the visible spectrum caused great excitement, largely because it suggested that silicon light emitting devices (LEDs) might be possible. We present a comparison of several different designs of porous silicon microcavity including a single high porosity layer and various multi-layer stack designs chosen to exhibit strong photonic band-gap effects.


Participatory development is the idea of the World Bank to link democracy with good the governance, an idea is a form of change in the development paradigm of developing countries from a modernization approach to an ecological approach. Local values as elements that are not related to modernization are ignored in the development process. This article explains about participatory development methods through a political culture approach. So that development participation involves the values of the local identity. Based on the use of the Adult Learning Circle or Learning Circle Based on Experience method that is applied to the implementation of community service in the LambuangBukik village, Padang City, it was found that the use of local community identity in the implementation of participatory development is more likely to form a broad community participation in development planning


Three dimensional visualization and the 3D model of the deposit is one of the key technologies for the construction oi the digital mine.Hased on an integrated study on the data consisting of the drill holes,cross sections and topography in the superlarge sized Sunduozhuang molybdenum-tungsten deposit in Luanchuan,llenan Province,the geological database of the Sundaozhuang deposit was established.The geological drillhole logging information includes faults,stratum and ore bodies characteristics.Then geological interpretation was conducted visually,and finally 3D models of topography,stratum and W-Mo ore bodies were established by using 3D Surpac mine software.Thus the topography,distribution characteristic's of the strata and ore bodies in the deposit area can be visually displayed,which provides a scientific basis for mineral exploration at depth and exploration design.On the basis of the block model of the deposit grade,the Distance Certain Power Inverse Method was used to estimate the grade of useful elements within the ore bodies;the average grade of useful elements and geological reserves were computed statistically.The estimation result is much accurate which provides the scientific base for reasonably mining development.


PURPOSE: A fast-curing cement concrete composition is provided to enhance workability of concrete and improve strength and durability using polymer emulsion. CONSTITUTION: A fast-curing cement concrete composition contains: 7-23 weight% of fast-curing cement binding material, 38-60 weight% of fine aggregate, 20-45 weight% of coarse aggregate, 0.5-6 weight% of water, and 0.5-13 weight% of polymer emulsion. The polymer emulsion contains 65-95 weight% of SB emulsion, 4-30 weight% of methylmethacrylate, 0.05-5 weight% of emulsifier, and 0.05-4 weight% of silane emulsion. The fast-curing cement binding material contains: 3-35 weight% of Portland cement, 3-28 weight% of fast-curing cement, 2-20 weight% of gypsum, 2-20 weight% of metakaolin, 5-40 weight% of silica powder, and 0.05-6 weight% of lithium carbonate.


It is shown that if mental influence can change a position or momentum coordinate within the limits of the uncertainty principle, such change, when magnified by a single interaction, is sufficient to order the direction of traveling molecules. Mental influence could initiate an action potential in the brain through this process by using the impact of ordered molecules to open the gates of sodium channels in neuronal membranes. It is shown that about 80 ordered molecules, traveling at thermal velocity in the intercellular medium in the brain, can break an ionic or covalent bond, and that the number needed to initiate an action potential is relatively small. If mental influence can act within the brain, it is reasonable to suppose it can act to some extent outside of it. If mental influence could not only order the direction of individual molecules, but coordinate this effect to produce a longitudinal pressure wave which is reasonably coherent across a macroscopic surface, only 10 4 molecules need be simultaneously affected to produce a detectible sound wave. Such an effect is not ordinarily observed, which suggests that if mental influence acts by ordering the direction of molecules, it acts at the level of individual molecules, but does not coordinate their motion.


This study focuses on the question: is it necessary for female musicians to be highly sexualized? One hundred and ninety two undergraduates from the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse listened to a sound clip while viewing a picture in which a model's gender (male vs. female) and appearance (sexy vs. neutral) was manipulated. They rated the musician on their musical competence and future potential. I hypothesized that 1) sexily clad female musicians would receive higher competence and potential ratings than neutrally clad female musician and 2) male respondents would give higher competence ratings to the sexily clad female compared to the sexily clad male and vice versa for female respondents. Results indicated that the sexily clad musician was perceived the as significantly more competent than the neutrally clad musicians. Also, an interaction was found in attractiveness ratings between participant's and model's sex. Differences in competence, success and musical ability ratings warrant additional research as well as differences in gender trends.


The IT industry is developing rapidly, and its share in the Russian economy is constantly growing. At the same time, the economic aspects of the activities of companies in this sector are still poor-ly studied. The purpose of this study is to develop approaches to the formation of the main directions of economic analysis of the activities of IT companies. The article analyzes the existing approaches to the subject of research – the concept of "digital assets" as the main product of IT activities, and proposes ad-justments in order to converge with the general concept of assets used in business to generate income. The authors also present an analysis of the object of study – the boundaries of the IT industry to avoid different understandings of concepts such as IT sector, IT industry, and IT sphere. It is shown that not all companies in the IT industry create digital assets, and it is proposed to give accent to this segment in order to form economic guidelines for investors planning investments in this direction. Indicators of return on capital for IT companies of different sizes are calculated. A high level of this indicator means that it takes into ac-count the premium for creating high value for customers. The author's approach to the study of the effec-tiveness of IT companies is also that the features of their business model are taken into account, namely the intellectual nature of activities related to the high-tech sector of the economy. A key resource in this indus-try is highly skilled labor. It is also taken into account that at present there is a problem of providing IT companies with the necessary specialists. Therefore, unlike traditional performance assessment systems used in other sectors of the economy, the system of performance indicators of IT companies is based on labor performance indicators. Calculations revealed a higher level of efficiency in large IT companies due to a higher capital-labor ratio. The results can be used by investors to plan investments in the industry, as well as by researchers for the development of a new direction in the sectoral economy.


Optimal design of an automotive catalytic converter for minimization of cold-start emissions is numerically performed using a micro genetic algorithm for two optimization problems: optimal geometry design of the monolith for various operating conditions and optimal axial catalyst distribution. The optimal design process considered in this study consists of three modules: analysis, optimization, and control. The analysis module is used to evaluate the objective functions with a one-dimensional single channel model and the Romberg integration method. It obtains new design variables from the control module, produces the CO cumulative emissions and the integral value of a catalyst distribution function over the monolith volume, and provides objective function values to the control module. The optimal design variables for minimizing the objective functions are determined by the optimization module using a micro genetic algorithm. The control module manages the optimal design process that mainly takes place in both the analysis and optimization modules.


The apparatus described can accurately position and manipulate a specimen for low energy electron diffraction experiments. A particular feature is that tilting movements of the specimen are not accompanied by translation.