This paper presents a novel coordinating algorithm for dispatching regulation services between slow and fast power regulating resources using a conventional power generator and a flywheel energy storage system as an example. The goal is to let the flywheel storage device follow the fast changes in the regulation signal and let the conventional generator compensate for the energy imbalance when the flywheel storage is nearly fully charged or discharged. A state-of-charge (SOC) band control algorithm is developed to maintain the storage device SOC within a desired range. Real system regulation signals were used to test the performance of the coordinating algorithm. The simulation results show that: 1) the HRR achieves the same fast response rate as that of the storage device, 2) the up and down movements of the generator are minimized, and 3) the SOC of the storage device is maintained within the desired range most of the time. Therefore, the proposed coordinating algorithm can provide the high quality regulation service while reducing maintenance-inducing strain on conventional generators.


Hans Falk (Falk et al., 1956; 1960) published the first papers demonstrating that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons underwent a transformation when exposed to ultraviolet light and oxidants. His experiments, in which concentrated spots of individual PAH were irradiated under UV light and exposed to ozone, suggested that PAH were oxidized to unknown products at a very slow rate of about 1 to 5% per hour. However, in 1977, it was shown (Lane & Katz, 1977) that PAH were, indeed, very sensitive to ozone by exposing monolayer distributions of PAH adsorbed on glass plates to ozone and irradiation which closely matched solar irradiation in the 2500A to 5000A region of the spectrum from a quartz lamp. Under lamp irradiation and 0.19 ppm O3, the half lives of Benzo[a]pyrene, Benzo[k]fluoranthene and Benzo[b]fluoranthene were 0.58 h, 3.9 h, and 4.2 h respectively (Lane, 1975). They also were the first to describe how multi-layering of PAH on particles could influence the apparent reaction rate of the PAH in Falk's experiment, and demonstrated that a rapid surface oxidation reaction formed a "crust" of oxidized products and was then followed by a slower penetration reaction involving the ozone accessing the subsurface material by penetrating the surface oxidized material – much like passing through a crust of bread. In the 1980s the group at the University of California, lead by Roger Atkinson began smog chamber studies to determine the rate of decomposition of a wide variety of PAH and PAH-related compounds when exposed to various oxidants. Their work clearly indicated that the OH radical was the dominant oxidant in the atmosphere (Atkinson et al., 1984; Atkinson, 1988). Most subsequent smog chamber studies to investigate the decomposition of PAH have utilized the OH radical as the oxidant of choice. The first report of a variety of oxidized products of the reaction of Naphthalene with the OH radical in a smog chamber was published in 1994 (Lane & Tang, 1994). Numerous publications have followed, describing the products of the OH radical reactions with naphthalene (Atkinson & Arey, 1994; Bunce et al., 1997; Sasaki et al., 1997; Mihele et al., 2002; Wang et al., 2007; Lee & Lane, 2009; Nishino & Arey, 2009); with acenaphene (SauretSzczepanski & Lane, 2004); with Alkylated naphthalenes (Banceu et al., 2001; Wang et al., 2007) and with phenanthrene (Helmig & Harger, 1994; Esteve et al., 2003; Lee & Lane, 2010).


Free-carrier generation and recombination dynamics are studied in InP photonic crystals using an ultrafast time-resolved reflectivity setup. It is found that the free-carrier lifetime depends strongly on the overall structure of the photonic crystal lattice


The purpose of the article is to estimate the life cycle on the example of NPP with the K-1000-60/1500 turbine and with the VVER-1000 reactor under cyclic load changes using the primary frequency control. The criterion for estimating the life cycle is the rate of the fatigue crack growth of the most loaded rotor element. The main requirements for the NPP power units under conditions of involvement in the primary frequency control are provided. The cyclic loading of the NPP turbine unit blades under conditions of maintaining the power reserve due to a reduction in the load by 2% by throttling the steam, and in line with the requirements for participation in the primary frequency control by 8% of the nominal capacity is substantiated. At the same time, the cyclic mechanical and thermal stresses are determined for the HPC and the LPC rotor blades. In this regard, it is shown that the first stage blades of the HPC rotor during unloading by 8% of the nominal capacity of the most cyclically loaded. The loading intensity and the rate of the fatigue crack growth of the first-stage blades of the HPC rotor are determined on the basis of the cyclic crack-resistance methodology and the Paris equation. It is shown that the rate of the fatigue cracks growth is negligible which determines their longterm life cycle.


In this work, we scrutinise theoretically how the gap of C and BN armchair nanoribbons changes upon variations of the bond length between edge atoms and their distance from passivating species. Our DFT calculations indicate that the gap of C-based nanoribbons is more sensitive to the relaxation of the bonding length between edge atoms (morphology) whereas in BN-nanorribons it is more sensitive to the distance between edge atoms and passivating hydrogens (chemical environment). To understand the origin of these two different behaviours, we solved a tight-binding ladder model numerically and at the first-order perturbation theory, demonstrating that the different dependence is due to the interference of the wavefunctions of the top valence and the bottom conduction states.


Studies have been made on Tm, Er, and Ho rare earth orthoferrites in their spin‐reorientation temperature ranges in an attempt to observe magnetic resonance. Magnetic loss peaks sharp with dc field H and temperature T (at constant H) have been observed. They form two well‐defined linear branches when H at a loss peak is plotted vs T. One branch has H ∥ a and hrf ∥ c, and the other has H ∥ c and hrf ∥ a. In TmFeO3 the former branch extends from 82°K where H=0, to 86°K where H=7000 Oe (the maximum field available). The latter branch extends from 93°K where H=0 to 82.5°K where H=7000 Oe. The two branches thus cross each other. A remarkable feature is the almost complete lack of frequency dependence of the two branches from 5 to 54 000 MHz. Torque and magnetization measurements have shown that the two temperatures of the peaks for H=0 are essentially the same as the end temperatures of the spin reorientation range. It is proposed, preliminarily, that the loss peaks are associated with a maximum in the suscept...


A real-time ultrasound scanner was used for pregnancy diagnosis in guinea pigs. The images of fluid-filled round uteri were recognized first on the echograph after day 16 of gestation. Accuracy of the diagnosis approached 100% on day 19 of gestation and the high accuracy was maintained throughout pregnancy period. After day 34 the fetal spine and the beating heart could be observed, and the death of fetuses was able to diagnose. Gestational age could be estimated by measuring the uterine diameter. Litter size also could be estimated with the accuracy of 81%. A real-time ultrasound might be used for the diagnosis of guinea pig pregnancy as an accurate, rapid and easy method.


-Guentheria formosa Lallemand is transferred from the Phenacinae of the Fulgo ridae to the Eurybrachidae. Hellerides Lallemand of the Limoisini of the Aphaeninae of the Fulgoridae is synonymised with Zophiuma Fennah of the Lophopidae. Two new specific com binations Z. guineae (Lallemand) and Z butawengi (Heller) are established. Examination of several fulgoroid genera revealed that Guentheria Lallemand, previously described in the Phenacinae of the Fulgoridae, is a member of the Eurybrachidae and Hellerides Lallemand, previously described in the Limoisini of the Aphaeninae of the Fulgoridae, is a new synonymy of Zophiuma Fennah of the Lophopidae. The purpose of the present paper is to report these taxonomic changes.


The rapid diffusion of information centers (ICS) since the mid1970s is a striking example of innovation by Information Systems (IS) departments responding as professional organizational subunits to substantial environmental change. This study identifies those characteristics of IS departments that correlate with the establishment of lCS. The IS department has typically provided the services now being provided by the lC and has also typically been the innovating unit associated with the IC adoption dceision. The focus here on the IS department as a professional subunit adds a new dimension to the study of organizational innovation diffusion which has generally focused on the individual or the organization. Using data from 62 firms, we found that what distinguishes adopters from nonadopters apparently and surprisingly differs from what distinguishes early from late adopters. The IS department's likelihood of IC adoption increases as its staff size and educational background increase, and as the overall size of the host organization increases. Among adopters, the likelihood of early adoption increases with the size of the host organization atthe locations served, and with location in an information intensive industry. We speculate that the adopt/nonadopt decision may be supply driven while the timing decision may be demand driven. Future innovation research should seek to understand innovation hold-outs and how they may differ from the late majority and mere laggards among adopters.


Given the recent, evidence for probabilistic mechanisms in models of human ambiguity resolution, this paper investigates the plausibility of exploiting current wide-coverage, probabilistic parsing techniques to model human linguistic performance. In particular, we investigate the performance of standard stochastic parsers when they are revised to operate incrementally, and with reduced memory resources. We present techniques for ranking and filtering analyses, together with experimental results. Our results confirm that stochastic parsers which adhere to these psychologically motivated constraints achieve good performance. Memory can be reduced down to 1% (compared to exhausitve search) without reducing recall and precision. Additionally, these models exhibit substantially faster performance. Finally, we argue that this general result is likely to hold for more sophisticated, and psycholinguistically plausible, probabilistic parsing models.


Measurements of the vertical distribution of ozone and air temperature were made with ECC ozonesondes January 16-April 19, 1989, at Point Barrow, Alaska, in an attempt to detect whether the stratospheric ozone depletion that occurs during the austral winter and spring in Antarctica also occurs during the winter and spring in the Arctic. Of 33 soundings made, 17 measured total ozone amounts of 400-531 Dobson units (DU), 13 measured 350-399 DU total ozone, and 1 measured 304 DU total ozone. (Two soundings did not attain high enough altitudes for estimates of total ozone to be made.) In contrast, total ozone amounts in winter and spring in Antarctica in recent years have ranged from about 125 to 275 DU. Stratospheric air temperatures over Point Barrow were never colder than -70 C and were often as warm as -50 C. No unequivocal evidence of photochemical ozone destruction such as that which occurs in Antarctica in the presence of polar stratospheric clouds appears on the ozone profiles presented here. Neither is there any evidence in the profiles of stratospheric transport to Point Barrow of partially depleted ozone from the eastern Arctic.


9 Waste leakage has become a major global concern due to the negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems 10 and human health. By contrasting baseline with mitigation scenarios, our study combines spatial analysis 11 with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways storylines to develop plausible future waste leakage mitigation 12 strategies up to 2040. Our study indicates that the leakage of MSW into aquatic environments is highly 13 dependent on population size, populated area (urban – rural), physical environment presence, length and 14 area of aquatic systems, waste generation and composition, and level of waste management systems. The 15 results show that the adoption of circular waste management systems would be an active mitigation 16 strategy that could stop waste from entering the aquatic ecosystems in the first place. However, even in 17 a scenario representing a sustainable world in which technical, social, and financial barriers are overcome 18 and public awareness and participation to reduce, reuse and recycling waste exists, it would be 19 impossible to mitigate and eliminate waste leakage before 2030. This translates into a failure to meet the 20 waste-related Sustainable Development Goals.


Tailored excitation (TEx) based on interspersing multiple radio frequency pulses with linear gradient and higher‐order shim pulses can be used to obtain uniform flip angle in the presence of large radio frequency transmission (B 1+ ) inhomogeneity. Here, an implementation of dynamic, multislice tailored excitation using the recently developed multi‐coil nonlinear shim hardware (MC‐DTEx) is reported.


Anhydrous microemulsion have attracted a great deal of attention not only because of their importance in industrial application but also their intrinsic interest. They optimize the performance of a wide spectrum of products and processes. Anhydrous microemulsions are suitable for poorly aqueous soluble drugs and thermodynamically stable multicomponent fluids composed of polar solvent, oil and mixture of a. Liquid administration of drugs is one of the convient and often-advantageous delivery, especially when dealing with children or the elderly for whom pill swallowing can be difficult or even hazardous. Unfortunately many drugs are not soluble in water, while water solution of it may have an unpleasant taste. Some drugs are either unstable in the presence of water or are insoluble in water and therefore cannot be incorporated into aqueous formulations. To overcome these various problems a water free liquid preparation of a number of drugs would be desirable. Two basics strategies could be considered when searching for stable non-aqueous emulsions. One is to design surfactants having two incompatible blocks, each of which is selectively soluble in either of the immiscible liquids. The other approach is to search for a suitable oil immiscible polar liquid that can substantially replace water using emulsifiers. Characterization of non aqueous or anhydrous or oil-in-oil microemulsions shows uniform size distribution of vesicles with micron range. Release profile shows sustained action for extend period of time.


Benedict Anderson calls the concept of a communal space in which ideologies are supported and social norms are defined "imagined communities," that is, virtual communal spaces in which individuals can meet others and which exceed the limitations of existing village communities; Anderson explains that cultural imaginations create such communal space. Grand narratives such as ideologies and cultural/political movements have been shared by various types of imagined communities.[1] Until the 1980s, people communicated in a modern communal space supported by modern ideologies that forced each member to share the reality created by grand narratives or worldviews. However, once the premise of grand narratives was no longer trusted since the 1980s due to the end of the Cold War and postmodernization, it became increasingly difficult to communicate by relying on consensus in these imagined communities. In the case of contemporary Japan, the two apocalyptic incidents of 1995, the Kobe Earthquake[2] and the Subway Sarin Incident[3], decisively made Japanese society as an imagined community insecure and unreliable.


Few studies have systematically evaluated outcomes of services for youth with sexually problematic behaviors. Evaluations are particularly sparse for youth receiving family-oriented treatment despite an increased emphasis on family in healing and rehabilitation contexts. There are common approaches to family inclusion that have been argued by field professionals as "best practice," and this study quantitatively investigates the usefulness of such approaches. With support from the state Sex Offender Management Board, data were collected from probation files of male youth adjudicated of a sexual crime (N = 81). Logistical regression models revealed that youth with greater family service involvement were almost three times more likely to successfully complete treatment and youth living in an in-home placement were 73% less likely to reactivate. Inherent implications suggest that family is a protective factor and community-based, family-oriented services ought to occur uniformly. Policy implications and suggestions for future research are provided.


Magnetic susceptibility measurements of 3-4 ML Fe/W(001) ferromagnetic films demonstrate that this is a 2DXY system in which a finite-size Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition occurs. The films are grown in ultrahigh vacuum and their magnetic response is measured using the magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE). The analysis of many independently grown films shows that the paramagnetic tail of the susceptibility is described by $\chi(T) \sim \exp \bigr{(}B/(T/T_{KT}-1)^a\bigl{)}$, where $a=0.50\pm0.03$ and $B=3.48\pm0.16$, in quantitative agreement with KT theory. Below the finite-size transition temperature $T_C(L)$, the behavior is complicated by dissipation (likely related to the re-emergence of fourfold anisotropy and magnetic domains). A subset of measurements with very small dissipation most closely represents the idealized system treated by theory. In these, the temperature interval between the fitted Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature and the finite-size transition temperature is $T_C(L)/T_{KT} -1=0.065\pm0.016$. This yeids an estimate of the finite size $L$ affecting the film of order micrometers. This gives experimental support to the idea that even a mesoscopic limitation of the vortex-antivortex gas results in a substantial finite-size effect at the KT transition. In contrast, fitting the paramagnetic tail to a power law, appropriate to a second order critical transition, does not give reasonable results. The effective critical exponent $\gamma_{eff} \approx 3.7 \pm 0.7$ does not correspond to a known universality class, and the fitted transition temperature is much further below the peak in the susceptibility than is reasonable.


A 22-year-old patient, who had been bedridden since childhood following mitochondrial encephalopathy was hospitalized for a pulmonary infection. Following the discovery of a voluminous painless tumefaction of the left thigh, lower extremity Doppler examination and X-rays showed a well-defined soft-tissue mass surrounding the femur, with no signs of hypervascularization on the Doppler sonography.


Scalable video coding is a technique which allows a compressed video stream to be decoded in several different ways. This ability allows a user to adaptively recover a specific version of a video depending on its own requirements. Video sequences have temporal, spatial and quality scalabilities. In this work we introduce a novel fully scalable video codec. It is based on a motion-compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) of the video sequences and it uses some of the basic elements of JPEG 2000. This paper describes several specific proposals for video on demand and video-conferencing applications over non-reliable packet-switching data networks.


We show that, under conditions about the microcharacteristic variety of a coherent D-module, the Cauchy problem is well-posed in the spaces of formal power series with Gevrey growth.We deduce that the ¢ltration of the Irregularity Sheaf of a holonomic D-module, which we de¢ned in a previous work, is preserved under inverse image if some rather general geometric conditions are full¢lled. Mathematics Subject Classi¢cation (2000). 35A27.


With the pervasive use of mobile devices and the need for ubiquitous computing, the issue of "context" now becomes a hot topic in human computer interaction research and development. Further, the interface of the interaction beyond the desktop is moving from humans vs. computers to humans vs. context-aware environments. This leads the context to constitute an underlying part of service behavior, especially when interaction with end-users is involved, and consequently this demands the context-aware computing systems to be designed to automatically adapt its behavior to changing environment. Thus, pervasive computing applications need to be more autonomous and sensitive to context. However, in real-life systems context information is naturally dynamic, vague and complex, which lead to an inexact match between provided and required service capabilities. In this vision, we propose in this paper a three-phases adaptation approach: firstly we select the suitable services to the current context and we recommend them to the adaptation process, in the service adaptation phase we perform adaptation by using fuzzy sets represented with linguistic variables and membership degrees to define the user's context and the rules for adopting the policies of implementing a service. Finally we deal with the complex requirements of the user by the composition of the obtained adaptable atomics services.


The effect on photoelectric conversion efficiency of an a-Si-based solar cell by applying a solar spectral downshifter of rare earth ion Ce3+ single-doped complexes including yttrium aluminum garnet Y3Al5O12 single crystals, nanostructured ceramics, microstructured ceramics and B2O3–SiO2–Gd2O3–BaO glass is studied. The photoluminescence excitation spectra in the region 360–460 nm convert effectively into photoluminescence emission spectra in the region 450–550 nm where a-Si-based solar cells exhibit a higher spectral response. When these Ce3+ single-doped complexes are placed on the top of an a-Si-based solar cell as precursors for solar spectral downshifting, theoretical relative photoelectric conversion efficiencies of nc-Si:H and a-Si:H solar cells approach 1.09–1.13 and 1.04–1.07, respectively, by means of AMPS-1D numerical modeling, potentially benefiting an a-Si-based solar cell with a photoelectric efficiency improvement.


With the introduction of novel standardized web technologies such as WebGL, 3D virtual environments (VEs) are making their way into the web. Concurrently, resource rich mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, have become the primary access medium for the web. This paper introduces a method called RADE that enables resource-aware P2P-assisted 3D asset delivery in a web browser using WebRTC. Use of P2P technology in 3D asset delivery can (1) decrease the load on 3D asset servers; (2) decrease the application response times; and (3) reduce the operational costs of VE service providers. The performance and resource fairness of RADE was evaluated in real-life wireless networks using a prototype implementation. Based on the results, RADE can significantly reduce the server load and the 3D asset delivery times especially when 3D asset servers are under heavy load. For instance, with a scarce server bandwidth of 2Mbps, use of RADE resulted in 55% shorter 3D asset delivery times on average. Although RADE has been developed for 3D asset delivery, it is applicable for many types of web applications, including video delivery.


This article presents an approach to resolving religious and sexuality based schism amongst UK social work students. It explores how this classroom schism mirrored current religion and sexuality based tensions in wider society including social work education and social work services. It also identifies the challenges involved in attempting to resolve such a schism. A teaching model is proposed that examines the limits of any claims to anti-discriminatory practice; that clarifies what is and what is not a social work task in relation to religious texts; and the risks involved for each side of the schism.


Nature of Conflict among the ASAL Communities in Kenya Conflict for resources has characterized human life styl throughout history. In Kenya, sociopolitical and economic rights bequeathed and protec ted by the constitution have not been fully actualized and the public still face significant ch allenges in regard to their security and livelihoods. These challenges are often felt most s everely in situations of instability, conflict and fragility. One of the most important aspects of conflicts and need for peace building in the ASALs is to understand the complexities and the fac t that the conflicts cannot be solved overnight. The situation is aggravated by the rapid shifts towards conventional laws and resolution mechanisms that do not largely give due recognition to local mechanisms. Traditional institutions have been influenced by th e national governance and legal systems which are highly monetarised, as opposed to the ind ige ous ones that dwell on goodwill and knowledge and wants of the local people. An end res ult i confusion on which path to follow to handle conflicts and even manage community sourc es. This paper briefs shares on the happenings in the ASALs, with specific reference to Kitui and Tana River Counties. The two have repeated problems related to natural resources and, solutions are seen have premise in application of local institutional arrangements. Th e government system has been more prone to peace keeping through use of the gun while the l ocal situations call for dialogue.


In 1939, Wiberg described the development of osteoarthritic changes of the hip joint in young adults who had a dysplastic hip with <20° of the center-edge (CE) angle on antero-posterior radiographs [1]. Murphy et al. [2] reported that no patient in whom the hip functioned well until the age of 65 years had had <16° of the CE angle. The function of the hip in patients with developmental dysplasia has been reported to be well for many years; however, it tended to deteriorate after those periods of time [3]. Increased joint contact pressures which were estimated from radiographs at the time of maturity of patients with developmental dysplasia have been reported to correlate with unsatisfactory clinical and radiographic outcome [4,5].


music analysis, information retrieval, multimedia indexing We motivate the problem of music recommendation based solely on acoustics from groups of related songs or 'song sets'. We propose four solutions which can be used with any acoustic-based similarity measure. The first builds a model for each song set and recommends new songs according to their distance from this model. The next three approaches recommend songs according to the average, median and minimum distance to songs in the song set. For a similarity measure based on K means models of MFCC features, experiments on a database of 18647 songs indicated that the minimum distance technique is the most effective, returning a valid recommendation as one of the top 5 32.5% of the time. The approach based on the median distance was the next best, returning a valid recommendation as one of the top 5 29.5% of the time.


This guide provides access to resources relevant for research related to Africa. This page provides key resources pertinent to conducting research on Africa.


Taking the cold chain logistics of agricultural products in Hefei as the research point, the distribution path of Zhougudui cold chain market is optimized. Based on the modeling analysis under the three elements of fuel consumption, stability and cost, the improved nearest insertion method is used for solution. Compared with the solution results of the original distribution path and mileage saving method, it is found that the improved insertion method is more suitable for the optimization of cold chain logistics distribution path in Hefei, which can effectively reduce the distribution logistics cost and improve the efficiency of cold chain logistics distribution.


In his Encyclopaedia Hegel makes clear that philosophy is the most adequate form of Absolute spirit, in which the concept relates to itself and hence spirit understands itself in its own form and element without exterior leftovers and limitations. In fact, both art and (much less) revealed religion maintain a structural, unavoidable relation to externality and to non-conceptual contingency. From the political point of view, only philosophy is at last fully charged with the task of providing a rational, shared basis of right, or to be more exact, a reconstruction of the rationality (or, possibly, irrationality) of its actuality; this is, incidentally, the main task of the Outlines of the Philosophy of Right. On the other hand, philosophy seems to need an ›integration‹ concerning its Bildung-function within every given political situation that is historically present from time to time and at least in part contingently determined. In what follows I shall first develop this point, and then investigate the possibility of integrating the political task of philosophy by addressing the two past forms of absolute spirit. Finally, I will sketch an answer's attempt to the question of which of these two forms, art or religion can play this integration role more effectively in the modern world.


Infrared spectra are reported for hydrates of zinc nitrate, of potassium thiocyanate, and of mixtures of potassium thiocyanate with thiocyanates of mercury and zinc. These systems were studied over the range of temperatures 90° to −163°C, and with variable water content. Most of these systems were liquid above room temperature, but were studied as solids below room temperature. The broad water absorption bands were seen to split into a number of distinct components on cooling, these components sharpening, changing in frequencies and in intensities as temperature was decreased. The ice structure, shown by systems of high water content, was not present in the low‐temperature spectra of systems of low water content containing divalent metal ions. Instead, peaks characteristic of coordinated and variously hydrogen‐bonded water molecules were distinguishable. Assignment of these peaks and their temperature dependence is discussed.


The enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) literature produced in the past several months was dominated by reservoir modeling and characterization; flood enhancements; machine learning; and, more notably, relative permeability estimation. This last one needs to be under-stood further.
 Relative permeability characterizes flow in porous media, the understanding and manipulating of which is key to the success of EOR. Our fascination with the topic during the last 75 years, therefore, is understandable. Starting with a seminal paper from W.R. Purcell in 1949, we have more than 12,000 articles in the SPE collection alone on relative permeability estimation, of which more than 400 were published in the last year.
 Mechanics of motion is also important to mankind, but we do not have literature piling up on Newton's laws of motion. Is it that we haven't understood flow in porous media yet, or is it because the subject matter is so complex? The truth, perhaps, lies somewhere in between.
 Flow in pores that are randomly sized, randomly connected, and have variable chemical makeup is, by nature, complex and mathematically unmanageable. Relative permeability has been our attempt to lend its aggregate behavior some sense of manageability. This has always been done in a fit-for-purpose manner. What is fit for one context, however, may not be so for the others, and this uncertainty continues to churn out theses, antitheses, and syntheses. Expectedly, even more such activity arises with every improvement in computing capabilities, as is once again evident with advances in machine learning—new tools to handle old problems. That is where my first pick is for you, with some additional suggested readings in references that follow.
 Data analytics does much more than estimate relative permeability, and the second paper abridged here uses it to predict a flood performance.
 To allow a break from data science, the third paper chosen deals with the important topic of electromagnetics as applied to reservoir characterization and heating.
 I hope you find these to be useful and interesting reads.


We compared the cardiac output measured by the transpulmonary aortic single indicator thermodilution method with that by the pulmonary artery catheterization in a patient with ventricular septal rupture after acute myocardial infarction. Though the former cardiac output was lower than the latter, in the presence of the ventricular septal rupture, the cardiac outputs were equal after the rupture was closed. This indicates that, while the cardiac output measured by the pulmonary artery catheter is influenced by the ventricular left-to-right shunt, transpulmonary aortic thermodilution method measures the true cardiac output of the left heart, which is responsible for organ perfusion.


This paper describes the construction and performance of an LED numeric display designed specifically for aircraft cockpit applications. The display, using yellow or green LED chips, is a 4-character 7-bar numeric with 4-mm character height mounted in a hermetically sealed package to meet full military device specifications. Legibility studies are reported for this display in ambient illuminations up to 100 000 lux, using different, commercially available contrast-enhancement filters. The results show that the display is completely legible in the highest illumination for a relatively modest power consumption.


Fretting fatigue experiments were conducted to determine the fatigue limit stress at 107 cycles for Ti-6Al4V. A step-loading procedure was used to determine the fatigue limit stress that, in turn, was applied to the test geometry in numerical simulations using finite elements. Several fretting pad geometries and specimen thicknesses were used to obtain a range of normal and shear forces that produced the stress and displacement fields in the specimen. An evaluation was made of the conditions near the edge of contact where peak stresses occur to deduce parameters which lead to fretting fatigue failures at 107 cycles. However, no simple combination of stresses and slip displacements could be used to correlate all of the experimental data. A fracture mechanics methodology was also employed in order to determine the conditions for propagation or non-propagation of cracks that initiate in the edge of contact region. While no parameters were found which could uniquely predict the fretting fatigue failure, adjustment of the coefficient of friction based on computed slip displacements was shown to have a substantial effect on the stress and stress intensity factors. A correlation of friction coefficient with slip displacement is proposed as a possible method for consolidating data from fretting fatigue experiments conducted under different conditions.


Purpose- This study focused on establishing the influence of participation in public debates on responsive governance in Kenya. Its main objective was to establish the influence of participation in public debates on responsive governance in Kenya.
Methodology- Descriptive research design and positivism research philosophy were adopted. The study focused on a target population of 680 respondents from Eighty-five wards within Nairobi County, and data was collected from the following groups of respondents; Civil society representative, religious representative, ward administration representative, youth representative, women representative, the special interest group representative, a representative of the citizens' anticipating county services and a representative of the old aged residents were targeted. A sample size of 139 respondents was determined though purposive sampling technique. Primary data was collected through questionnaires and secondary data through published materials. Data was analysed through SPSS and presented in tables. Hypothesis testing was done through the use of t-test. F test (ANOVA) was also conducted to ascertain the difference between groups on study variable.
Findings- The study found that participation in public debates had a positive and significant relationship with responsive governance. The study concluded that through participation in public debates citizens are able to support the incumbent leader to facilitate achievement of county goals.  The results from participation in public debates indicated that an increased Participation in Public Debates resulted to responsive governance. Correlation results revealed that Participation in Public Debates and responsive governance were positively and significantly related. Regression further showed that participation in public debates have a positive and significant relationship with responsive governance in Nairobi city county government in Kenya.
Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice - The study recommended that there is need to establish forums to in order to enable citizens to engage directly in planning, policy making and monitoring service delivery.  Based on the study findings, the study recommends that there is need to establish, County, Sub-County and Ward Citizens Forums to enhance participation of residents in local governance. Originality/value – This paper fulfils an identified need understand how Participation in Public Debates can influence responsive governance.


Despite the continuous increase of archaeological data coming from the Polish Western Carpathians, the colonisation process of the Beskidy Mountains in prehistory is still relatively poorly recognized. The subject of discussion is, in particular, the impact of environmental and cultural factors on the formation of settlement networks in individual periods. This paper considers these questions on the example of a part of the middle Dunajec River basin in the chronological framework from the Neolithic to the La Tène period. Based on the archaeological and paleoenvironmental record, an analysis of settlement dynamics in terms of preferences and economy in the subsequent periods was carried out. The observations made were then interpreted in the context of cultural phenomena. A comparison of the results with the situation observed in other Central European mountain ranges made it possible to formulate some universal tendencies in the settlement development in these zones. In particular, the impact of climate and environmental conditions on the economy was considered, as well as the role of natural resources and communication routes. It has been demonstrated that three main stages can be distinguished in the process of prehistoric mountain colonisation. This mechanism was correlated with the gradual adaptation of the economy and the "familiarising" of the mountain landscape, which offered both some limitations and strategic values determining the specific cultural function of these areas.


Lightweight metal matrix nano-composites (MMNCs) (metal matrix with nano-sized ceramic particles) can be of significance for automobile, aerospace and numerous other applications. It would be advantageous to produce low-cost as-cast bulk lightweight components of aluminum based MMNCs. However, it is extremely difficult to disperse nano-sized ceramic particles uniformly in molten aluminum. In this paper, a high power ultrasonic probe is used to disperse nano-size SiC particles in aluminum alloy A356. Experiment results show that the ultrasonic cavitation based dispersion of naoparticles in molten aluminum alloy is effective. The uniform nano particle dispersion resulted in significantly improved mechanical properties. Various nanopartilce feeding techniques were investigated and experimental results are presented.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


This article introduces the concrete realization process of along goaf measurement control technology which make the coal paste filling engineering advantage maximized and.And it expounds the safety and economic value of along goaf measurement control technology that has immeasurable prospects.


Approaching politics through literary analysis, Julius Caesar and the Art of Rhetoric aims to answer the question, "what makes a successful politician?" Through a systematic line-by-line scru-tiny of Shakespeare's quintessential political play, Julius Caesar, Rivkin isolates "the art of rheto-ric" as the single historic constant indispensible in the ever-changing equation of political success. Beyond the play, Julius Caesar, Rivkin explores rhetoricians and political philosophers like Ar-istotle, Quintilian, and Ramus who may have contributed to Shakespeare's Early Modern world-view. But Shakespeare seems to transcend his influences, and demonstrates his near prescience in a political story that is as historical as it is ahead of its time. Shakespeare touches on the timeless essence of politics, which, if understood, could inform successful political leaders and systems of tomorrow.


It has often been suggested that one of the key tests of civilized society lies in the processes and mechanisms that exist for the resolution of disputes between citizens. Scotland has long adopted an adversarial court-based system of civil justice. Criticism of this system and its procedures has led to a search for new and better ways of resolving disputes. As a consequence there has been a growth in interest in 'Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)'. One expression of this new interest has been the recent introduction of mediation programmes to tackle community and neighbourhood disputes. This article charts the inception of these initiatives and discusses the experiences of those active within the community mediation field in Scotland. Aspects of this article are drawn from Scottish Office research conducted by the authors, referred to in the text as 'the study'.


(Un)wanted Heritage? Wrocław as a Palimpsest
The process of so called "degermanization" of Wrocław involved, among other things, removing traces of German history from the urban space by displacement of former residents, changing street names, introducing new symbols and erasing German-language signboards. Despite the communist historical policy in Wrocław, many examples of post-German traces in the urban space have survived. The article describes Wrocław as a palimpsest, a city of intertwined German and Polish records, where old layers are not removed, but only given new meanings. It refers to the project "Spod tynku patrzy Breslau" (From under the plaster Breslau gazes), which aims to conduct a social register of Germanlanguage epigrams in the urban space. It describes the changes in attitudes towards post-German heritage over time, especially after 1989.


Modern science was born in the West with but instrumental rationalist significance.After being introduced to China,however,it was made to be mingled up with beliefs by the intellectuals.By the time the May 4 th movement started the features of science as a form of knowledge had become obscure,and science,in turn,took up an ideological role of restructure the society.This misinterpretation of science inevitably led to a overflow of the thought of scientism.Consequently,instead of enlihtening people's mind,the "theory of universal scientific method"came to restrict the mind.


The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) is generally divided into the fraction of radiation absorbed by the photosynthetic components (FAPARgreen) and the fraction of radiation absorbed by the non-photosynthetic components (FAPARwoody) of the vegetation. However, most global FAPAR datasets do not take account of the woody components when considering the canopy radiation transfer. The objective of this study was to develop a generic algorithm for partitioning FAPARcanopy into FAPARgreen and FAPARwoody based on a triple-source leaf-wood-soil layer (TriLay) approach. The LargE-Scale remote sensing data and image simulation framework (LESS) model was used to validate the TriLay approach. The results showed that the TriLay FAPARgreen had higher retrieval accuracy, as well as a significantly lower bias (R2 = 0.937, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 0.064, and bias = −6.02% for black-sky conditions; R2 = 0.997, RMSE = 0.025 and bias = −4.04% for white-sky conditions) compared to the traditional linear method (R2 = 0.979, RMSE = 0.114, and bias = −18.04% for black-sky conditions; R2 = 0.996, RMSE = 0.106 and bias = −16.93% for white-sky conditions). For FAPAR that did not take account of woody components (FAPARnoWAI), the corresponding results were R2 = 0.920, RMSE = 0.071, and bias = −7.14% for black-sky conditions, and R2 = 0.999, RMSE = 0.043, and bias = −6.41% for white-sky conditions. Finally, the dynamic FAPARgreen, FAPARwoody, FAPARcanopy and FAPARnoWAI products for a North America region were generated at a resolution of 500 m for every eight days in 2017. A comparison of the results for FAPARgreen against those for FAPARnoWAI and FAPARcanopy showed that the discrepancy between FAPARgreen and other FAPAR products for forest vegetation types could not be ignored. For deciduous needleleaf forest, in particular, the black-sky FAPARgreen was found to contribute only about 23.86% and 35.75% of FAPARcanopy at the beginning and end of the year (from January to March and October to December, JFM and OND), and 75.02% at the peak growth stage (from July to September, JAS); the black-sky FAPARnoWAI was found to be overestimated by 38.30% and 28.46% during the early (JFM) and late (OND) part of the year, respectively. Therefore, the TriLay approach performed well in separating FAPARgreen from FAPARcanopy, which is of great importance for a better understanding of the energy exchange within the canopy.


Abstract : This document provides a national historic context for the U.S. Army's military industrial involvement in the Cold War (1946-1989). The goal of the project was two-fold: (1) to develop a thematic study on historic properties associated specifically with the military-industrial theme of the Cold War, and (2) to provide guidelines for the identification and evaluation of Cold War ERA military industrial historic properties in the Army. The document emphasizes the specific relevance of the Cold War to the Army's military industrial history, rather than the general context of the Army during the Cold War period. In other words, although there is some discussion of the Army's traditional mission, the focus of this historic context is on what the Army did in direct response to the Cold War. For the purposes of this study, the Cold War is defined primarily as the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union and is only secondarily defined as the general threat of communist aggression from other sources, such as China. This document was designed to be used by cultural resources professionals at installations or on contract to the Army. It provides the general overview needed to begin to identify, evaluate, and eventually manage the Army's Cold War inventory. It is a starting block only. The document is designed such that individual chapters can be used alone or as part of the larger document. The narrative history is a stand-alone piece and is supplemented by the timeline provided in the appendices. These can be used to better understand the history of a particular installation within the larger context of global history and the Army during the Cold War period.


This paper present a statistical indoor path loss model derived from 1.8 GHz experimental data collected in laboratory building. There are two models which are considered: (1) a distance-dependent path loss model and (2) a floor attenuation-factor (FAF) path loss model. These models have been developed based on the number of floors, concrete and mirror walls between the transmitter and the receiver, and provide simple prediction rules which relate signal strength to the log of distance. The standard deviation between measured and predicted path loss is 8.7 dB for the entire data set. Average floor attenuation factors (FAF), which describe the second path loss (in decibels) caused by the floors between transmitter and receiver are found for as many as three floors in a typical building.


Limited-access programs, also called restricted-access programs, place limitations on who may prescribe, dispense, or take certain medications. These limitations are based on safety data gathered by the drug manufacturer and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The first restricted-access program


I. The supply of protein, carbon hydrate, fat in the material of food were plentiful for surplus
the 2 -3.9 times on the level of food stuff, but...


Recent years have witnessed increasing interest in few-shot knowledge graph completion (FKGC), which aims to infer unseen query triples for a few-shot relation using a few reference triples about the relation. The primary focus of existing FKGC methods lies in learning relation representations that can reflect the common information shared by the query and reference triples. To this end, these methods learn entity-pair representations from the direct neighbors of head and tail entities, and then aggregate the representations of reference entity pairs. However, the entity-pair representations learned only from direct neighbors may have low expressiveness when the involved entities have sparse direct neighbors or share a common local neighborhood with other entities. Moreover, merely modeling the semantic information of head and tail entities is insufficient to accurately infer their relational information especially when they have multiple relations. To address these issues, we propose a Relation-Specific Context Learning (RSCL) framework, which exploits graph contexts of triples to learn global and local relation-specific representations for few-shot relations. Specifically, we first extract graph contexts for each triple, which can provide long-term entity-relation dependencies. To encode the extracted graph contexts, we then present a hierarchical attention network to capture contextualized information of triples and highlight valuable local neighborhood information of entities. Finally, we design a hybrid attention aggregator to evaluate the likelihood of the query triples at the global and local levels. Experimental results on two public datasets demonstrate that RSCL outperforms state-of-the-art FKGC methods.


The invention discloses a novel distance-based algorithm for solving a representative node set in a two-dimensional space. The novel distance-based algorithm comprises the steps of inputting a data set; calculating the Skyline point set Q in the data set through the BNL algorithm; sequencing the point set Q; solving the manhattan distance value from the initial point to any other Skyline point and storing; solving k representative Skyline points in the Skyline point set; returning the k representative Skyline points. According to the algorithm, the time complexity is shown as O (K2LOG3m) which is far less than that of the DRS algorithm in the prior art.


A three dimensional computation fluid dynamics (CFD) code, GASFLOW, is applied to analyze the hydrogen risk for Qinshan-II nuclear power plant (NPP). In this paper, the effect of spray modes on hydrogen risk in the containment during a large break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) is analyzed by selecting three different spray strategies, that is, without spray, with direct spray and with both direct and recirculation spray. A strong effect of spray modes on hydrogen distribution is observed. However, the efficiency of the passive auto-catalytic recombiners (PAR) is not substantially affected by spray modes. The hydrogen risk is significantly increased by the direct spray, while the recirculation spray has minor effect on it. In order to simulate more precisely the processes involved in the PAR operation, a new PAR model is developed using CFD approach. The validation shows that the results obtained by the model agree well with the experimental results.


【Objective】 To investigate the role of CD4+ T cells and IL-6 in the prostate tissue of rat model for chronic abacterial prostatitis (CAP) and to elucidate the immune mechanism of CAP. 【Methods】24 Aged Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups:the normal control group (12 rats), the rat model for CAP group (12 rats). The changes in histopathology of prostatic gland were investigated by HE stain.The expression of CD4+ T cells and IL-6 were detected by immunohistochemistry (sp). 【Results】 The changes in histopathology in the rat model for CAP were similar to those in clinical CAP. The expression of CD4 and IL-6 in the rat model for CAP group were higher than those in the normal control group (P 0.01). 【Conclusion】Autoimmune response mediated by the CD4+ T cells may be the pathogenesy to some patients with CAP.


Abstract The Pareto intensity of the second kind is often used in survival analysis of technical products and in the modeling of extreme events. This intensity is especially useful as a failure model analyzing the reliability of different types of systems. Unlike exponentially decreasing functions, the Pareto intensity is a slowly decreasing function. In this paper we develop statistical methods for an alternating repair model using the Pareto intensity of the second kind. The maximum likelihood estimator is considered for determining the estimations of the model parameters. The distribution of the life times after perfect repairs and imperfect repairs are obtained. The estimation of the Fisher information matrix is given. Simultaneous confidence regions based on the likelihood ratio statistics are developed for the estimators of the parameters. Finally simulation study will be given.


The past decade has seen a growing interest in underwater acoustic positioning networks (UAPNs) because of their wide applications in marine research, ocean monitoring, offshore exploration, and defense or homeland security. Efficient communication among all sensors and receivers is crucial so as to make positioning service available. Traditional UAPNs could locate only one target, that are growing obsolete due to increasing demands for multiple users working at the same time. Due to the demands for multiple users working simultaneously and narrow acoustic bandwidth, new efficient and reliable communication and networking protocols are required in design for UAPNs. In this paper, we aim to provide the procedure of communication design for UAPNs based on sonar equation and spread spectrum communication. What's more, signal design and performance analysis are supplied. The results show that the signal we designed have ideal correlation performance and high processing gain. The signal is suitable for multiple users UAPNs and thus show favorable potential in ocean engineering applications.


A higher degree of spatial egg aggregation is often observed in environments where resource patches are more sparsely distributed. This suggests a higher probability of species coexistence when resource distribution is sparse. However, it is still unclear how the degree of spatial egg aggregation increases. I propose a model to explain this phenomenon, which assumes that (i) egg load (the number of mature eggs in ovaries) increases in the travel period between resource patches and (ii) the retention of eggs in the ovaries is harmful (egg load pressure). With these assumptions, a female would lay accumulated eggs on arrival at a new resource patch, resulting in a higher degree of spatial egg aggregation. Laboratory experiments with three drosophilid species, Drosophila simulans Surtevant, Drosophila auraria Peng, and Drosophila immigrans Sturtevant, support the model. This study provides evidence that host availability affects the spatial egg aggregation via egg load.


: This article describes the specific features of the process of sensory education of children of preschool age. It is stated that games play an important role in development of this process.


Abstract In this paper, the synthesis of the carbon skeleton of cotylenin A aglycone is described. The key reactions, including an intramolecular aldol reaction, an aldol coupling reaction, and a ring-closing metathesis, allow for the effective and stereoselective access to the carbon skeleton of cotylenin A aglycone. The stereochemistry was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analyses of related compounds.


For the TCA turbocharger series a new emergency and post-lubrication system has been developed. This new system is supposed to maintain more than 10 seconds full load operation after an oil pump blackout. Moreover, the system has to efficiently supply oil for the run-out period and for cooling the bearings. In order to check this development target turbocharger TCA 77 was subjected to some tests. The tests were carried out under extreme conditions, i.e. maximum oil inlet temperature and minimum oil pressure. At maximum speed = 14900 rpm, toil = 60°C and poil = 1.3 bar the turbocharger continued its operation after stop of the oil pump without temperature increase in the bearings for 14 seconds before the pressure control device interrupted the fuel supply at 0.6 bar oil pressure. The pressurized part of the tank was sufficient for another 35 seconds during which the turbocharger speed dropped from 14900 rpm to a speed of about 7000 rpm. Both journal bearings and the axial bearings received oil for 2.5 minutes after pump stop. At this point the turbocharger still had a speed of 1500 rpm. After that the turbine bearing was cooled over a period of 1-1/2 hours by a geodetic driven oil flow. The maximum temperature at the turbine bearing of 180 °C (admissible approx. 220 °C) was achieved after 2 hours.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


The dynamic model of dual-motor drive servo system was built,the nonlinear system of gear backlash was transformed to no backlash linear system.Dynamic model of dual-motor synchronous linkage servo system was established,through MATLAB simulation and analysis,got rotation curve and torque curve of gear output under the condition with backlash,verified the superiority of dual-motor drive servo system.


A new W-beam guardrail system for use on low-fill culverts was developed and evaluated. The system was adapted from the Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) bridge railing for attachment to the outside face of culvert headwalls. Four attachment concepts were developed and evaluated through dynamic component testing. Both lateral and longitudinal impacts were conducted on the design concepts while mounted to a simulated concrete culvert headwall. The resulting damage from each test was confined to post bending only. Although all four designs prevented damage to the socket assembly and culvert headwall, the top-mounted, single-anchor design and the side-mounted design were recommended for use based on ease of fabrication and installation. The new weak-post, W-beam guardrail system for attachment to low-fill culverts was designed with multiple advantages over current culvert treatments. The guardrail system is mounted to the outside face of the headwall, thereby minimizing intrusion over the culvert and maximizing the traversable roadway width. The barrier has an unrestricted system length and does not require a transition when attached to standard MGS. Additionally, the attachment configurations were designed utilizing epoxy anchors, enabling the system to be installed on new or existing culverts. Finally, implementation guidance was provided for new system installations.


New tetraphydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone, tentatively named AH16 was isolated from agalwood, "Jinko", and the structure was characterized as (5R__-, 6R__-, 7S__-, 8R__-)-2-(2-phenylethyl)-5e', 6a, 7e, 8e'-tetraphydroxy-5, 6, 7, 8-tetraphydrochromone, assuming the cyclohexenyl ring to have a boat conformation.


Abstract In this paper we find invariants for some difference equations and for some systems of difference equations and then we utilize them to see whether all solutions of the equations are bounded and persist.


narrative of the merger of the French settlements, which implied that they were always a 'natural' part of the IndianUnion. It argues, on the contrary, that a full merger was only one of several possibilities for the various actors involved in the negotiations that took place between the independence of India inand the French withdrawal in . Even those who supported a merger did so for different reasons, while a significant proportion opposed the merger on economic, social, and historical grounds. By examining more closely the opposing positions in the merger debate, we can locate them within the larger tensions of early post-colonial India – a new state that was struggling to define its geographical and ideological boundaries. This suggests that the decolonization of French India was not simply another chapter in French imperial decline; it was also an important example of Indian nation-building. It is well known that the French lost India to the British in the eighteenth century. It is rather less well known that the French continued to rule over five small settlements (comptoirs) in India until . Pondicherry, Chandernagore, Karikal, Mahé, and Yanam covered scarcely  square miles of territory and were scattered along the Indian coastline (see Figure ). The geographical marginality of these settlements and their small size has rendered them invisible in Indian historiography. While there has been renewed interest in the decolonization of British India, the Partition of India, and the first decades of the post-colonial republic, very little attention has been paid to the end of the French empire in India. Academic textbooks have largely * My biggest debt is to Chris Bayly who was a most generous and encouraging supervisor. I would like to thank the organizers and participants of the Seventh International Seminar on Decolonization () at the National History Centre, Washington DC, where the first draft of this article was discussed. I am grateful to Anish Vanaik and the two peer reviewers for their comments which have vastly improved the final version. I especially want to thank Emile Chabal for being a big source of support and inspiration.  Themost detailed work in English is Ajit Neogy, Decolonization of French India: liberation movement and Indo-French relations, – (Pondicherry, ). Kate Marsh, Fictions of : School of History, University of St Andrews, St Katharine's Lodge, The Scores, St Andrews, Fife, KY BA ay@st-andrews.ac.uk The Historical Journal, ,  (), pp. – © Cambridge University Press  doi:./SX


The main problem of the tunnel crossing is that the constructing tunnel affects the constructed tunnel.In view of the complexity of the tunnel crossing of Daping and Gaojiulu tunnels,the total constructing progress of the tunnel crossing is analyzed with ANSYS 3-D FEM and the change law of the distortion,stress,plastic zone and the inner force of anchor are got.The conclusions provide important parameters for the tunnel crossing construction.


The objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate nanosuspensions of rosuvastatin, a poorly soluble drug in order to enhance its solubility and dissolution chatacteristics. Rosuvastatin is a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II drug having very low solubility therefore low oral bioavailability. In this study rosuvastatin nanosuspensions were prepared by precipitation technique followed by high frequency sonication by using a combination of stabilizers like PVP K90 and LUTROL F127 in different ratios. The formulated nanosuspensions were characterised by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and FTIR. The formulations were evaluated for drug content, entrapment efficacy, Zetapotential and In-Vitro dissolution. SEM results showed the particle size of the formulated nanosuspensions in nanosize. FTIR spectrum revealed that there are no interactions between drug and carriers. The effect of particle size was found to be significant on the saturation solubility of the drug and in-vitro drug release studies showed significant increase in the dissolution rate of nanosuspensions as compared with pure drug.


This paper introduces a technical scheme of auxiliary power supply system of passenger train based on photovoltaic and energy storage, renewable energy will be injected into the power supply system of train by this system. This paper introduces the technical characteristics, energy consumption level and application situation of Chinese passenger trains, then design a new type auxiliary power supply system of train. It's include details about the structure of auxiliary power supply system, installation methods of photovoltaic panels, MPPT algorithm, the stability control strategy of system, energy management strategy of system. Finally it gives estimation value of the power generation capacity of year, and analyzes the system efficiency, the effect of energy conservation and emissions reduction. This system can be used in any passenger trains, which operating in electrified railway as well as general railway. A new method of power supply system of passenger train and a new application area of photovoltaic technology are designed in the paper.


Chaotic sequence is used for triangle wave spectrum chaotic spreading. Chaos triangle wave can be used for pulse width modulation(PWM) modulation, and then the reduction of harmonic content peak in sinusoidal pulse width modulation(SPWM) wave and the mechanical resonance, etc. can be realized. Due to periodic question and large computational complexity question of the traditional chaotic sequence mapping, this paper proposed a new double-chaotic sequence with mutual changing parameters mapping, and the corresponding method to generate SPWM wave was presented. This method was improved from traditional chaotic mapping equation Logistic chaotic mapping and combining Tent chaotic mapping. Compared with the traditional method for generating chaotic sequence, this method has a faster speed, better chaotic characteristics, costs fewer sources and can prolong the period efficiently. The chaotic mapping and SPWM modulation method based on field-programmable gate array(FPGA) is given and compared with other modulation method. The results show that the modulation method proposed in this paper can be finished easily and can reduce the harmonics peak effectively.


ABSTRACT For centuries, the maritime industry has been a recognised place in society dominated solely by men, and even though there were women involved, they were mostly on the periphery. This research aims to fill the gap of women's career development in this field, by investigating the relationships among the degree of organisational socialisation, women's workplace culture, and the career development of women in the maritime workplace. The analyses are conducted with the structural equation model with 202 valid questionnaires. The results indicated that women's workplace culture has a significantly negative relationship with the degree of organisational socialisation, and then in turn, it has a significantly positive relationship with women's career development in the maritime industry. Finally, the results also indicate that the mediating effect of organisational socialisation existed between women's workplace culture and women's career development. According to the empirical analysis, this study makes conclusions as well as suggestions for the maritime enterprises as the reference for human resource management.


We introduce the SiNER: a named entity recognition (NER) dataset for low-resourced Sindhi language with quality baselines. It contains 1,338 news articles and more than 1.35 million tokens collected from Kawish and Awami Awaz Sindhi newspapers using the begin-inside-outside (BIO) tagging scheme. The proposed dataset is likely to be a significant resource for statistical Sindhi language processing. The ultimate goal of developing SiNER is to present a gold-standard dataset for Sindhi NER along with quality baselines. We implement several baseline approaches of conditional random field (CRF) and recent popular state-of-the-art bi-directional long-short term memory (Bi-LSTM) models. The promising F1-score of 89.16 outputted by the Bi-LSTM-CRF model with character-level representations demonstrates the quality of our proposed SiNER dataset.


We participate in the Austrian Grid Phase 2 within the frame of the activity "Grid Research". We deal with development of a distributed programming tool for grid computing which shall empower applications to perform scheduling decisions on their own, utilizing the information about the grid environment in order to adapt the algorithmic structure to the particular situation. Our goal is to design and implement a software framework and an API that can be used for developing grid-distributed parallel programs without leaving the level of the language in which the core application is written. The planned solution will be able to eliminate some algorithmic challenges of nowadays grid programming. In this paper, we report on the second prototype of our topology-aware software system extended with the description of our newly developed scheduling algorithm.


The synthesis and spectroscopic properties of the (5′ 5″)-ester of adenosine 5′-diphosphate with ribofuranose cyclic 1″, 2″-phosphate 3, a recently discovered metabolite produced during tRNA splicing, are reported.


The general situation of capillary radiation air-conditioning system is introduced.Taking a residential building in Tianjin region as research object,the economic efficiencies of ground-source heat pump plus fan-coil,ground-source heat pump plus capillary radiation air-conditioning system,and domestic air conditioner plus centralized heat-supply are compared by BIN meteorological parameters and coefficients of performance of cold and heat source units at partial load rates.The economic efficiency of ground-source heat pump plus capillary radiation air-conditioning system is optimal.


Historical context. Scope of application of cross border merger. A comparison of class rights with minority protection in cross border merger. The transposition of the cross border merger in the German law for an implementation.


In this study, a material extrusion (MEX) nozzle for fabricating bond magnets was designed to form a unidirectional magnetic field with a solenoid. The hard magnetic properties of the bonded magnets were enhanced by induced magnetic anisotropy. The magnetic field strength for magnetic alignment was controlled by the current applied to the solenoid, and the magnetic field strength formed at the bottom of the solenoid was approximately 10 mT. When a magnetic field was applied to the magnetic particles in filaments, magnetic spins and domains that existed in spherical magnetic particles were magnetically rotated and preferentially aligned with the induced magnetic field. Subsequently, as the polymer matrix was softened by the heat generated by the current induced in the solenoid, bonded magnets were additively manufactured using MEX with in situ magnetic field, and hard magnetic properties such as coercivity, remanence, and maximum energy product of the manufactured magnets were confirmed to be enhanced. The improvement in hard magnetic properties was attributed to the increased magnetic anisotropy caused by magnetic alignment. Based on the results of this study, we expect MEX with a magnetic field application system to be used in the future for manufacturing complex-shaped bonded magnets with improved magnetic properties.


The COVID-19 pandemic that broke out in 2019 has affected the whole world, and in late 2021 the number of cases is still increasing rapidly. In addition, due to this pandemic, all people must follow the mask and cleaning rules. Herein, it is now mandatory to wear a mask in places where millions of people working in many workplaces work. For this reason, artificial intelligence-based systems that can detect face masks are becoming very popular today. In this study, a system that can automatically detect whether people are masked or not is proposed. In the dataset used in the study, there are a total of 440 images, 220 with masks and 220 without masks. Here, we extract image features from each image using the GoogLeNet deep learning architecture. Using the loss3-classifier layer of the GoogLeNet deep learning architecture, we obtain 1000 deep image features for each image. With the help of these image features, we train GoogLeNet based Linear Support Vector Machine (SVM), Quadratic SVM, and Coarse Gaussian SVM classifiers. Afterward, we develop a Graphical User Interface (GUI) application of the proposed system and a system that can detect masks from snapshots by saving the trained models. Thus, an application that is based on artificial intelligence and can automatically detect the mask has been developed. From the results, it appears that the accuracy (%), sensitivity (%), specificity (%) precision (%), F1 score (%), and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) values of GoogLeNet based Linear SVM, Quadratic SVM, and Coarse Gaussian SVM classifiers are equal to 99.55-99.55-99.55-99.55-99.55-0.9909, 99.55-99.55-99.55-99.55-99.55-0.9909, and 99.55-99.09-100-100-99.54-0.9910, respectively. When the results are examined, it is seen that not all classifiers are superior to each other in terms of accuracy. However, while Linear SVM and Quadratic SVM classifiers are more successful in terms of sensitivity and F1 score, it is seen that the Coarse Gaussian SVM classifier is better in terms of specificity, precision, and MCC.


Adverse health effects of human exposure to particulate matter (PM) in indoor environments and the associated costs have been of interest in recent studies conducted outside Canada. It was, therefore, necessary to investigate these effects in a Canadian environment. This study investigated the effects of building construction and Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems on the indoor concentration of airborne PM of outdoor origin and the related health impacts and cost savings in Ontario. Due to the complexity of the
investigation, the study has been limited to the metropolitan areas of Toronto and Hamilton which represent much of the population of Ontario and a significant portion of all Canada. The main objective of the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) was to analyze and evaluate the effects of pollution in monetary equivalents. The modeling integrated the various models using the Impact Pathway Approach. The approach consisted of four steps: First, identify the sources and emissions of PM. Although the study focused on indoor environments, outdoor sources such as incomplete combustion from rush hour traffic were identified for the geographical
areas of the study. Secondly, evaluate the dispersion or the concentration of PM on the site of interest. In order to achieve this goal, building modeling was first established that was applicable to Ontario. There were three homes and two commercial building scenarios: Existing homes (resExist), new homes constructed under minimum building code requirements (resBC), and under R2000 standard (resR2000); commercial buildings with 40% (school40) and 85% (school85) ASHRAE air filters. Air flow rates were calculated from building and HVAC sizing calculations. These flow rates were used to calculate input parameters for well-established mass balanced indoor PM concentration models. In addition,
indoor exposure needed to account for time activity in each micro-environment in Ontario. This was accomplished by using time-weighted exposure modeling. Thirdly and lastly in the Impact Pathway Approach, evaluate the health impact and its monetary equivalent, respectively. In order to evaluate the health effects and monetary equivalents, the study considered fourteen retrofit cases which consisted of improving factors such as building construction, distribution system, and air filtration efficiency. Because input parameters
were selected from data applicable to Ontario, the study provided a model setup that could be applied to future work in Canada.

The study demonstrated that Canadian building construction provided significant protection from time-weighted PM exposure (Toronto, ambient vs. resExist/school40win, PM2.5 10.00 vs. 4.20 μg/m3). For this scenario, the prevented attributable number of cases (ANCs) was 721 for Toronto related to equivalent PM10. Cost savings due to building envelope protection of mortality alone much outweighed costs in investment scenario for new home construction
(Toronto, $1,671 million vs. $21.6 million). Therefore, recommendations were…


ABSTRACT Problem loans often occur in credit agreements. In micro credit channeling by PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Samarinda Branch, not always the credit provided by Bank Mandiri to the debtor will run smoothly as expected in the credit agreement. Environmental conditions, moral factors and weaknesses that can affect the smooth debtor's obligations with Bank Mandiri so that loans channeled to debtors have the potential to cause failure or problems. For that effort made by Bank Mandiri in the settlement of problematic microcredit through the settlement of billing, Restructuring, Settlement, Collateral Liquidation, Settlement via third party, NPL (Non Performing Loan) Disposal, Delete Book and Clear Billing. The purpose of the research is to understand and know the factors that cause the problem of microcredit problems and efforts to solve them. The method used in this paper is an empirical juridical method that focuses on field research, which examines the applicable legal provisions as well as actual or actual circumstances. Keywords : Credit Micro, The Credit Agreement, Bad Debts and completion.


On the base of ascertaining the composition rage of glassceramic with good abrasion resistance, effect of heating conditions on crystallization and properties of glassceramic were discussed with the aid of DTA, XRD and SEM. Crystal size of the materials is less than 50 nm at the optimal technology parameters, the main crystalline are diopside; the glassceramic show a bending strength of 282 MPa, Viker harder of 1289 GPa and a abrasion resistance of 155 times as 95 Al2O3 chinaware.


The purpose of this study is to explore influences business strategy and
market competition towards earning management. The population of this study is
all manufacturing industries are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011-
2014.
Sample of this study selected by used purposive sampling method. There
are 44 companies each year which fulfill criterion as the research sample. The
data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with cost leadership strategy
and differentiation strategy as independent variable, as well as the market
competition as a moderating variable in relation to those strategy and earning
management.
The results of this study are consistent with the existing literature, the cost
leadership strategy have a positively effect to the earning management, as well as
market competition can moderate the relationship between cost leadership
strategy and earning management. While differentiation strategy have a
negatively effect to the earning management, as well as market competition can
not moderate the relationship between differentiation strategy and earning
management.


Background: Right colon and left colon cancers have different genetic and clinical characteristics. It is thought that right colon cancers have more aggressive course. Aim: We planned to compare differences between right and left colon cancers, oncological results, survival rate after curative resection. Material and methods: The patients who had been operated between January 2015 and December 2019 were included in the study, and they were separated into two groups as right colon and left colon cancers. The files of the patients were scanned, and in addition to the demographic data, the tumor stages according to the tumor, nodus, metastasis staging, the number of lymph nodes removed, the type of the operation (laparoscopic/open), average follow-up time, metastasis, recurrence and death/survival were recorded and compared. Results: A total of 76 patients were included, and 38 (50%) were diagnosed with right colon cancer whereas 38 (50%) had left colon cancer. The average follow-up time was found as 17.14 months (1 - 60 months). While no difference was detected between the two groups in neurovascular invasion, the mean number of lymphovascular invasion positivity was found as 18.34±4.16 and 13.34±5.45 in two groups, respectively (p<0.05). All the recurrences (5) were found in right colon tumors, no recurrence was observed in left colon tumors (p=0.021). When the metastasis and death rates were examined, no statistically significant difference was seen between the two groups. Conclusion: We observe that lymphovascular invasion and recurrence rates are higher in right colon cancers compared to left colon cancers.


An auditory system plays an important role for the perception system of cognitive robots. This thesis investigates auditory system modules for the localization, tracking, and separation of sound sources. The presented localization module operates in the time-frequency domain and exploits signal sparseness to estimate the positions of multiple sources. The tracking module uses particle filters with bimodal observation probability densities to post-process the localization results. The separation module is based on binary masking and shares its computations with the localization module to keep its complexity low. Real-world experiments reveal that the presented algorithms perform better than state-of-the-art techniques, while simultaneously operating inside the requirements and constraints of robotic systems.


The demand for high-quality video games is ever increasing and the ambition to tell truly interactive and dynamic stories is a significant factor contributing to this trend. This paper examines how generated narrative text is perceived by players in terms of meaningfulness, immersion, and flow and furthermore that the presented novel approach can be a valid method to implement computer-generated dialogues. For this approach, generative grammars are used to create written dialogue within a conversation for a learning application. With the support of sentiment analysis, the generated text is analysed with a focus on its semantics. Suitable text lines based on the current game state are provided by a dialogue system. Principles of gamification are used to create a learning application that renders such a generated dialogue scenario playable. To test this hypothesis, a user study examines the capabilities of the process by having players assess factors, which are imperative for a narrative game. The learning application shows strong potential in terms of text variation and dialogue that is easy to follow.


Abstract The United Nations Convention on Animal Health and Protection (UNCAHP) is a proposed convention that aims to provide a global protection to all animals worldwide. This initiative is proposed by the Global Animal Law (GAL) organisation, resulting from the expertise of prominent international animal lawyers. While the United Nations (UN) covers human rights (e.g., the Universal Declaration of Human Rights [UDHR]) and environmental protection (e.g., the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [UNFCCC]), animal welfare is still absent in the UN agenda. To address this lacuna and to fill the gap for global animal protection covering all categories of animals (companion, farm, lab, sport, and wild) and all aspects of animal protection (wildlife preservation, the welfare of animals, and their fundamental interests), UNCAHP should find its way to the UN. This research article analyses One Health and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as possible avenues for UNCAHP to enter the UN's door and identifies which one(s) can be the best. In a first step, UNCAHP is analysed and evaluated. In a second step, the pathways of One Health and the SDGs are elaborated. Finally, we provide an overall conclusion dedicated to the main advantages of UNCAHP being adopted by the UN and its implications for global animal welfare worldwide.


Inactivation of leptospires in pools of semen from three Holstein Friesian bulls, collected in an artificial vagina, was investigated. Spermatic concentration was adjusted in egg yolk citrate extender, submitted to the following treatments: A (control; without antibiotics); B (penicillin, 1,000 UI/mL - streptomycin, 1,000 µg/mL); C (amoxicillin, 1,000 µg/mL); D (ceptiofur sodium, 1,000 µg/mL); E (amoxicillin 1,000 µg/mL - ceptiofur sodium 1,000 µg/mL). Leptospires (2.0 x 106 leptospires/mL) were added into the diluted semen. Recovery of leptospires was obtained in modified EMJH semi-solid medium with and without antibiotics. The antibiotics in the concentrations used did not affect means of percentage of progressive motility and individual progressive motility of spermatozoids. Penicillin-streptomycin presented the best results in leptospire inactivation (97.1%). Amoxicillin, ceptiofur sodium and their combination at the concentrations studied presented poor results: 59.29%; 32.5% and 60.36% of inactivation, being less effective in leptospire inactivation than penicillin-streptomycin.


The application of approximate rules, whereby apparent resistivity space sections for two dimensional structures can be composited from spaces derived for elementary features is extended to a complex example drawn from a field survey over a fluorite mineral vein.

A quantitative solution for the observed resistivity space is presented and the computational sequence involved in matching the observed space is given in detail.

The interpreted results are examined in relation to the known geology, supplemented by the results of excavation, and to model tests conducted using a tank analogue.

The example also illustrates how successive compositions can be employed in estimating the form of resistivity space in a relatively complex situation.


A DEFECT in the transamination of glyoxalate has been suggested as the metabolic abnormality responsible for the increased rate of oxalate synthesis in patients with primary hyperoxaluria (Fig. 1)....


Objective To study a new treatment to repair perforation of nasal septum with medical collagen membrane and local padicled mucoperiosteum flap.Methods The bottom mucoperiosteum of nasal cavity around the perforation of nasal septum were separated from the bone surface except with the margin part of perforation.Then the distal part of mucoperiosteum flap was incised and turn over to cover the perforation,free edge of the flap was sutured to secure immobilization.Finally the collagen membrane was cut to the right size to implant in to subperiosteal pocket around the perforation,and was sutured to the mucoperiosteal for added immobilization.Results The perforation of nasal septum in 16 cases were closed satisfactorily.Perforation of nasal septum did not recur.Nasal septum presented flat,ventilation of nasal cavity was better and the follow up time ranged from half a year to 1 year.Conclusion Collagen membrane is easy application,and has good tissue tolerance.In our study,it is a good material to repair perforation of nasal septum.


This study examines how gender is portrayed in the hagiographic tradition surrounding St. Brigit of Kildare. In particular, it provides an in-depth look at how Brigit, as presented in her hagiographies, constantly undergoes gender transformations. These gender transformations are analyzed using material gained from a study of the way women were viewed in the early Medieval period, with an emphasis placed on how they were viewed in Ireland during the same period. A focus on the theology about women of the time, Irish spirituality and the theology behind it, as well as the conventions of hagiography and in particular the special characteristics of Irish hagiography are also offered.


As the increasing degree of penetration of new energy in the power system, the traditional methods of scheduling and planning are challenged as the wind and solar generations will be the majority power supply in the future China. And the DC transmission has gradually become the major inter-provincial power transmission, providing the suitable way of consuming clean power through out multiple regions. Thus, a comprehensive model that could take demand side, supply side, and the DC transmission into consideration, and advice configuration or planning is proposed in this paper. The supply side resources, like different types of thermal power plants and new energy plants has been studied and modeled in aggregated way. Followed by the modeling of aggregated power grid, demand side, and battery storage, major aspects of power system are presented in mathematical expressions. Object of the model is to maximize the output of wind and solar power output, while satisfying the system constrains. In case study, different configurations consisting wind, solar, thermal, and storage units are studied in order to support the DC near-field power balance and to reduce dependence to the main grid. The results show that, the proposed time series simulation model could simulate realistic situations considering the characteristics of new energy and grid operation, and advice future grid planning by giving plausible configuration schemes with desired constrains.


Nowadays, natural cosmetics have become more popular and acceptable to consumers than the chemically synthesized ones. In this study, we have developed a new formulation for gel-based lipstick by using the mixture of Longan honey and natural color extracts from Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) and Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). The final products were analyzed for their physical and antioxidant properties. The new formulated lipstick showed good antioxidantproperties ranging from IC50 0.25±0.12 to 5.12±0.24 mg/ml when tested by using DPPH radical scavenging method. Stability test was also conducted by several heating and cooling cycles. The physical characters (i.e. viscosity and pH) were also examined and recorded.


Microwave loss in superconducting TiN films is attributed to two-level systems in various interfaces arising in part from oxidation and microfabrication-induced damage. Atomic layer etching (ALE) is an emerging subtractive fabrication method which is capable of etching with angstrom-scale etch depth control and potentially less damage. However, while ALE processes for TiN have been reported, they either employ HF vapor, incurring practical complications, or the etch rate lacks the desired control. Furthermore, the superconducting characteristics of the etched films have not been characterized. Here, we report an isotropic plasma-thermal TiN ALE process consisting of sequential exposures to molecular oxygen and an SF6/H2 plasma. For certain ratios of SF6:H2 flow rates, we observe selective etching of TiO2 over TiN, enabling self-limiting etching within a cycle. Etch rates were measured to vary from 1.1 Å/cycle at 150°C to 3.2 Å/cycle at 350°C using ex situ ellipsometry. We demonstrate that the superconducting critical temperature of the etched film does not decrease beyond that expected from the decrease in film thickness, highlighting the low-damage nature of the process. These findings have relevance for applications of TiN in microwave kinetic inductance detectors and superconducting qubits.


This paper studies the optimal fuzzy guidance law for intercepting arbitrarily maneuvering evader with the terminal constraints. The interception nonlinear model is approximated by the fuzzy T\|S linear model. A new fuzzy and robust guidance law is obtained by using the receding horizon control strategy and adjoint technique. That the evader maneuvers in small scope can be tackled with the corresponding fuzzy linear model. And that the evader maneuvers in large scope can be treated with the model\|switching among a series of linear model. This guidance law is easy to be implemented. The simulated result connotes that the guidance law can intercept arbitrarily maneuvering evader precisely.


Abstract In-land geoid models rely on several measuring techniques. The quality of those models is directly related to the spatial resolution of the measurement data. Occasionally, a local geoid model does not cover the coastal area at all and a local marine geoid simply does not exist. ShipborneGNSS measurementsmay provide away of overcoming this problem in coastal areas. However, several corrections to the raw measurements must be applied in order to account for systematic effects induced by ship dynamics and other static and dynamic impacts from tides, atmospheric pressure or wind stress. This paper presents the theoretical background for the method and the results of a case study in the estuary of the Weser River in Germany. A series of GNSS measurements were carried out aboard a ship and the approximate geoid height along the river was derived. For accuracy assessments of this method, the resultswere compared to the German Combined QuasiGeoid 2011 (GCG2011). The results are very promising and indicate the ability to extract geoid heights from shipborne GNSS measurements.


In this paper Fuzzy Model Reference Learning Controller (FMRLC) is designed for a pitch controller of an aircraft to obtain the desired pitch angel as required by the pilot. This controller utilizes a learning mechanism, which observes the plant outputs and adjusts the rules in a direct fuzzy controller, so that the overall system behaves like a "reference model" which characterizes the desired behavior. The performance of the FMRLC is demonstrated by simulation for various conditions with change in the aircraft dynamics caused due to change in speed of the aircraft and sensor noise.


Background/Aims: Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. However, its therapeutic strategy has not been established. Recently, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, telmisartan (Tel), has received a great deal of attention as a therapeutic tool for metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of Tel on a murine NASH model.


An 18-month-old female spayed domestic short-haired cat, weighing 4.1 kg, was presented as an emergency case after it suffered a gunshot injury. Physical examination of the cat revealed paraplegia, with loss of deep nociception. A bullet (diameter, 3 mm) lodged in the left epaxial muscle at the level of the first lumbar (L1) was observed on radiographic examination, and a hyperattenuating spot in the spinal canal was confirmed using computed tomography. Exploratory laminectomy was performed, and an incomplete fracture of the right caudal articular process of L1 and a necrotizing spinal cord lesion were found. The animal was euthanized and necropsy was performed, which revealed a crack on the left pedicle of L1. This case report presents the first detailed clinical description of a gunshot injury to the spinal cord in a cat.


The embodiment of the invention relates to a method and equipment for maintaining a software system. According to the method, each client equipped with a software system instance is allowed to submit, for example, an image of a problem of a log file to a server when the software system has a problem. The server can determine and return a plurality of possible potential sources according to an extracted known problem mode about the software system. A user of the client can judge whether the returned potential sources include an actual source of the target problem, and takes corresponding subsequent actions. Feedback from the client can be supplied to the server, and used for updating the problem mode stored in the server. The intelligence and accuracy of the subsequent maintenance can be improved continuously with the adoption of the manner.


a decision which exemplifies what we are pleased call Irish irrationality, for the connection does not seem at first sight a very obvious one. We shall all have, however, enough institutional ?solidarity to hope that Mr. P. Murphy will be proved rjght in his assertion that " perhaps Lord Iveagh Was only waiting to be approached," and that the North Infirmary may gain sufficient funds to secure the children's ward that Mr. A. M. Cole, J.P., at a special meeting of the board of management, declared to be so sadly needed at present.


Supersonic boundary-layer transitions triggered by a diamond-shaped roughness element were investigated by direct numerical simulation based on a finite volume formulation with a high-order minimum...


The Hahn and Meixner polynomials belonging to the classical orthogonal polynomials of a discrete variable are analytically continued in the complex plane both in variable and parameter. This leads to the origination of two systems of real polynomials orthogonal with respect to a continuous measure. The Meixner polynomials of an imaginary argument obtained in this manner turned out to be known in the literature as the Pollaczek polynomials. The orthogonality relation for the Hahn polynomials with respect to a continuous measure is apparently new. A close connection between the Hahn polynomials of an imaginary argument and representations of the Lorentz group SO(3,1) is considered.


The February 2014 eruption of Kelud volcano (Indonesia) destroyed most of the instruments near it. We use remote seismic and infrasound sensors to reconstruct the eruptive sequence. The first explosions were relatively weak seismic and infrasound events. A major stratospheric ash injection occurred a few minutes later and produced long‐lasting atmospheric and ground‐coupled acoustic waves that were detected as far as 11,000 km by infrasound sensors and up to 2300 km away on seismometers. A seismic event followed ∼12 minutes later and was recorded 7000 km away by seismometers. We estimate a volcanic intensity around 10.9, placing the 2014 Kelud eruption between the 1980 Mount St. Helens and 1991 Pinatubo eruptions intensities. We demonstrate how remote infrasound and seismic sensors are critical for the early detection of volcanic explosions, and how they can help to constrain and understand eruptive sequences.