The geoelectrical tomography survey was carried out to explore and characterize a (Zn-Pb-Ag) sulphide deposit in Nash Creek (NC), New Brunswick province, Canada. The exploration strategy has been conducted by the 2-D survey for a well-cut grid consisting of twelve surface lines (profiles) each around 2 km long, and 300 m apart, for the total area around 9.5 km2. The datasets (resistivity and induced polarization) were acquired using the Iris El-Rec Pro system with pole-dipole electrodes array spaced 50 m apart, and ten levels of data datum. The results of the 2-D inversion revealed that the underground resistivity and chargeability values in the exploration area have a range of (5 to 1300 Ωm) and (0-9.5 mV/V), respectively. The sulphide mineralization zones in the exploration area are characterized by moderate resistivity values (150-300 Ωm) and moderate to low chargeability values (>5.5 mV/V), with a depth of around (90140 m) from the surface. The 3-D visualization model clearly reveals that three main zones of sulphide mineralization are present in the exploration area. The predicted geological reserve of the sulphide ore in the exploration area was calculated. The inverted models revealed a good agreement with the existing geological features in the exploration area.


Assessment of financial performance for companies is important because it is used to see the company's performance in the future by knowing the overall picture of the financial position. The purpose of this study is to examine the company's financial performance using the profitability ratios calculated using the Gross Profit Margin, Net Profit Margin, Return On Assets, Return On Equity and the solvency ratio calculated using the Debt to asset ratio and the Debt to equity ratio. The method used in this research is descriptive study with the main object of this research is PT Astra International Tbk. The type of data used is secondary data, secondary data obtained from company financial statements that have been audited for the 2017-2020 period. The method of analysis in this study is horizontal analysis by comparing financial statements with different periods. The results in the study using the profitability ratios from the 2017-2020 period on Gross Profit Margin and Net Profit Margin fluctuated which indicated that the company's operational performance was not good, Return On Equity had decreased and Return On Assets was in a fluctuating condition. For calculations using the solvency ratio has decreased, which means the company's financial performance is getting better and more effective.


Introduction: Global and Regional Dynamics in Knowledge Flows and Innovation Networks Chris van Egeraat and Dieter F. Kogler 1. Qualitative Analysis and Comparison of Firm and System Incumbents in the New ICT Global Innovation Network Philip Cooke 2. The Evolution of the Wind Industry and the Rise of Chinese Firms: From Industrial Policies to Global Innovation Networks Pedro Campos Silva and Britta Klagge 3. Foreign and Indigenous Innovation in China: Some Evidence from Shanghai Seamus Grimes and Debin Du 4. Mapping Knowledge Space and Technological Relatedness in US Cities Dieter F. Kogler, David L. Rigby and Isaac Tucker 5. Firm Building and Entrepreneurship in Second-Tier High-Tech Regions Heike Mayer 6. Differentiated Knowledge Bases and the Nature of Innovation Networks Roman Martin 7. Social and Spatial Structures of Innovation in the Irish Animation Industry Chris van Egeraat, Sean O'Riain and Aphra Kerr 8. The Geography and Structure of Global Innovation Networks: A Knowledge Base Perspective Ju Liu, Cristina Chaminade and Bjorn Asheim


This book describes and evaluates the current methods of measuring sexual interest in sex offenders namely penile plethysmography, the Abel Assessment for Sexual Interest, Affinity 2.1, the Implicit Association Test, the Stroop test and the polygraph. The book also discusses how established cognitive assessment methods such as the attentional blink and the startle probe reflex can be adapted for use with sex offenders.


The typification of Viola pinnata (Violaceae) is discussed. The designation of the nomenclatural type is based on the literature cited in the protologue and the consultation of Linnaeus's original material. The previously selected lectotype of V. pinnata is updated, and the specimen LINN 1052.3 is designated as the lectotype.


The hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid oxidative system was used to degrade chitosan.Influences of the acetic acid dosage,reaction temperature,hydrogen peroxide dosage and reaction time to the molecular weight of degraded chitosan were discussed.


Introduction: Epacadostat, a potent and highly selective oral inhibitor of the indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme, plus durvalumab, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, is being studied in patients with advanced solid tumors (NCT02318277). Phase 1 preliminary safety data for the overall population and efficacy data for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (PC) are reported as of 29 Oct 2017 data cutoff.Methods: Adult patients with PC, melanoma, NSCLC, or SCCHN were enrolled in the 3+3 dose-escalation phase 1. Prior treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (in unapproved indications) or IDO inhibitors was not allowed. Patients received epacadostat (25, 50, 75, 100, or 300 mg twice daily [BID]) plus durvalumab (3 or 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks [Q2W]). Safety was assessed in patients receiving ≥1 treatment dose. Response was measured in evaluable patients (≥1 postbaseline scan or discontinued/died before the first scan) per modified RECIST v1.1.Results: Thirty-four patients were enrolled in phase 1. Median age (range) was 68 (46-84) years; most patients were male (62%) and had an ECOG PS of 1 (82%). There was 1 dose-limiting toxicity (grade 3 rash requiring systemic steroids; epacadostat 300 mg BID plus durvalumab 10 mg/kg Q2W) during the 42-day observation period. The most common (≥10%) treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were fatigue (32%), pruritus (15%), diarrhea, nausea, and rash (12% each). Grade ≥3 TRAEs occurring in >1 patient included fatigue and rash (n=3 [9%] each). Five patients (15%) discontinued because of TRAEs (grade 1 pneumonitis, grade 2 diarrhea, grade 2 subarachnoid hemorrhage, grade 2 peripheral edema, and grade 3 dyspnea). There were no TRAEs leading to death.Fifteen patients with PC were enrolled across multiple dose levels. Median age (range) was 66 (46-72) years, 67% had liver metastases, and 87% had an ECOG PS of 1. Fourteen patients had received ≥1 prior therapy. PD-L1 expression test results were available in 7/15 patients: 2 had detectable (≥1%) staining of tumor cells; 5 did not. No responses were observed among patients with PC; the disease control rate was 27% (4 SD) per RECIST v1.1 (1 of 4 patients with SD discontinued treatment because of clinical progression). The median duration of disease control was 156 days (95% CI, 91-219).Epacadostat exposure was consistent with previous reports, except in patients with PC where somewhat lower peak exposures (Cmax) were observed.Conclusions: Epacadostat plus durvalumab was generally well tolerated in patients with advanced cancers; the safety profile was consistent with previous reports of durvalumab and epacadostat as monotherapies. In unselected patients with PC, no objective responses were observed; a phase 2 expansion for PC was not conducted. Epacadostat 100 and 300 mg BID are being evaluated in the ongoing phase 2 expansions, including patients with NSCLC, SCCHN, and urothelial carcinoma. Citation Format: Aung Naing, John D. Powderly, Gerald Falchook, Benjamin Creelan, John Nemunaitis, Jose Lutzky, Adi Diab, Judy S. Wang, Naomi Laing, Michelle Niewood, Xiaohua Gong, Gongfu Zhou, Manish Patel. Epacadostat plus durvalumab in patients with advanced solid tumors: preliminary results of the ongoing, open-label, phase I/II ECHO-203 study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT177.


. Then, we conducted a question-naire survey on 1,249 physical education university students regarding the use of supplements and their awareness on doping. We also examined the steps that need to be taken by pharmacists to facilitate AD. We found that 60 % of the respondents had taken supplements, 50 % of whom (i.e


The validity of the stereotype by which physically attractive persons are attributed greater internal control and greater success orientation than unattractive persons was studied among college students. For 32 male and 32 female college undergraduates, while attractiveness was unrelated to achievement orientation, attractive individuals were in fact more internal in their locus of control.


Shellac is a natural product which has been presumed as a fragile polymer due to itschemical properties. The objective of this study was to improve chemical properties of shellac by themodification with different concentration of glycerol and acrylic acid. Shellac was reacted withglycerol at various temperature and amounts of glycerol. The intermediate product was reacted withacrylic acid at different concentration. Acid value, hydroxyl groups, and free glycerol concentrationof modified shellac was determined. The result showed that acid value gradually decrease alongincreasing temperature for each ratio of glycerol and acrylic acid to shellac. The concentration ofhydroxyl groups rise as temperature and ratio increases. Furthermore, free glycerol concentration felldown along with the rise temperature. Modification chemical properties of shellac with glycerol andacrylic acid can be applied for the further study to enhance shellac properties.


The achievements of Jules Dupuit (1804–1866), French engineer and economist, policymaker and molder of the canon of neoclassical microeconomic theory, are displayed in their entirety through Yves Breton and Gerard Klotz's compilation of his collected works, Oeuvres economiques completes (Editions Economica, 2009). This magisterial two-volume set makes available for the first time in a convenient format all of Dupuit's major and subsidiary writings, as well as archival material found only in Paris. It is destined to become the locus classicus of Dupuit's thought for present and future generations of historians of economic thought.


Objective To survey the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in gynecologic clinic women and to determine the antifungal susceptibility of Candidas to amphotericin B, itroconazole, ketoconazole, flucytosine, and fluconazole. Methods Vaginal swabs were collected from unselected gynecologic clinic women. The antifungal susceptibility of 123 strains of Candidas to amphotericin B, itroconazole, ketoconazole, flucytosine, and fluconazole were detected respectively by E test. Results One thousand women were recruited, of whom 123 were diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis. The prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among gynecologic clinic women was 12 3% 22 3%(223/1 000) of the women had history of VVC and 1 3%(13/1 000) was recurrent VVC, which was 8 9%(11/123)of VVC. C. albicans was detected most frequently (91 3%),followed by C. glabrata (7 1%), C. tropicalis(1 6%) and C. krsei (0 8%).The MIC90 of amphotericin B, itroconazole, ketoconazole, flucytosine, and fluconazole to C.albicans was 0 38 μg/ml, 2 0 μg/ml, 0 25 μg/ml, 1 0 μg/ml and 16 μg/ml, respectively. By following the criteria of the interpretive breakpoints for antifungal susceptibility testing for the antifungal agents against Candidas, the resistant rates of C. albicans against amphotericin B, itroconazole, ketoconazole, flucytosine and fluconazole was 0 9%, 6 9%, 2 6%, 1 7%, and 2 6%. All eight strains of C. glabrata was susceptible or susceptible-dependent-upon-dose (SDD) to amphotericin B, ketoconazole,and flucytosine and was resistance to itroconazole. Two C. glabrata strains were resistant to fluconazole. Both of the C. tropicalis strains were susceptible or SDD to amphotericin B, ketoconazole, flucytosine, and fluconazole. One C. tropicalis strain was resistant to itroconazole. One C. krsei strains was susceptible or SDD to amphotericin B, ketoconazole, flucytosine, itroconazole, and fluconazole. Conclusions Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a common disease of gynecologic clinic women. C. albicans is the predominant Candida species in vulvovaginal candidiasis and shows some resistance to amphotericin B, itroconazole, ketoconazole, flucytosine and fluconazole. C. glabrata is susceptible or SDD to amphotericin B, ketoconazole and flucytosine, yet partially resistant to fluconazol, and is resistance to itroconazole.


1 The role of nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis in the regulation of blood flow through arteriovenous anastomoses was evaluated in the carotid circulation of the anaesthetized pig. For this purpose, the effect of intracarotid (i.c.) administration of the NO synthase inhibitor, NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME; 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 mg kg−1; n = 6) or saline (n = 6) was studied on the distribution of common carotid blood flow, using the radioactive microsphere method. 2 Apart from the highest dose, l‐NAME caused no major changes in the systemic haemodynamic variables. Both cardiac output and systemic vascular conductance were reduced by l‐NAME (1 mg kg−1), being reversed partly by l‐arginine (100 mg kg−1, i.c.). In both groups, l‐arginine slightly reduced mean arterial blood pressure. 3 Total common carotid artery blood flow as well as its distribution over the capillary and arteriovenous anastomotic fraction remained stable after saline injection. In contrast, l‐NAME caused a dose‐dependent decline in common carotid artery blood flow and conductance and this decline was confined entirely to its arteriovenous anastomotic part. 4 Subsequent intracarotid injection of l‐arginine (100 mg kg−1) reversed the reduction in total carotid conductance almost completely and that in the arteriovenous anastomotic region partially. Additionally, l‐arginine increased capillary conductance significantly in the l‐NAME – as well as the saline‐treated animals. 5 These results indicate that the l‐arginine‐NO pathway contributes little to the regulation of tissue perfusion in the porcine carotid circulation. In contrast, NO seems to play an important role in shunting arterial blood through arteriovenous anastomoses in the anaesthetized pig.


If the Third Republic enjoyed a longer life than any other regime since the French Revolution, it is perhaps thanks to its Constitution's brevity which made possible a flexible interpretation. The Constitution of 1875, the fruit of the National Assembly's long labours, was indeed very short and vague. It had to undergo a series of revisions and revisionist crises. This article examines the development of the presidency during the provisional period of the Republic. It then focuses on the coup of 16 May and on the revision of 1884. The first brought with it the most radical 'revision', the virtual function of the presidency being completely changed. But in 1884, the revision was mainly symbolic. In addition to studying the meaning of these revisions, this article seeks to analyse the causes and consequences of the Boulanger Affair, following which the revision issue was abandoned by Republicans : the Republic became synonymous with parliamentarism.


Alite one kind of calcium aluminate cement composition and manufacturing process; the cement clinker composition (by weight) as follows: C3S30 ~ 50%, C2S30 ~ 40%, C4A3S10 ~ 20%, C4AF3 ~ 10%, and a small amount of uncombined CaSO4. Ingredients K value of the control cement 0.8 to 1.10, fired at 1200 ℃ ~ 1300 ℃. The cement's simple manufacturing process, when used, may be adding a large amount of mixed materials is condensed short, modest reduction in strength, and low cost.


The invention describes an electro-catalytic membrane reactor device, which is characterized in that the device can couple the membrane separation technology and electro-catalysis technology for wastewater treatment, thereby solving the problem of membrane pollution and realizing self-cleaning function of the membrane. The reactor device comprises a feed liquid tank, an electro-catalytic composite membrane, an auxiliary electrode, a regulated power supply, a vacuum gauge, a peristaltic pump and the like; wherein, the electro-catalytic composite membrane is a novel membrane material prepared by taking a microporous carbon membrane as a matrix and a metal or metallic oxide as a catalytic coating layer; one end of the electro-catalytic membrane is closed and the other end thereof is connected with the peristaltic pump through a pipeline; the pump continuously supplies negative pressure so that the feed liquid permeates a separation membrane and seeps from outside to inside along the pipeline; meanwhile, the electro-catalytic composite membrane is taken as the anode and the auxiliary electrode is taken as the cathode; the electro-catalytic composite membrane and the auxiliary electrode are respectively connected with the regulated power supply by leads to form an electrolysis device. By applying voltage to the composite membrane in the process of membrane separation, the organic pollutants deposited on and adhered to the surface and holes of the membrane are electrolytically oxidized to realize antipollution of the membrane. The reactor device has the advantages of simple device, convenient operation, high efficiency, small energy consumption and the like, and can be widely used for treatment and reuse of such industrial wastewater as oily wastewater, dye wastewater, papermaking wastewater and the like.


Terms are necessary element of future doctor's professional speech. Foreign medical students begin to learn scientific style of speech and medical terminology in the first year in medical Academy. The highest form of language skills is the ability to conduct a free conversation on professional theme.


The effective excitation cross sections of fifty-two spectral lines of the Sm atom, located in the 3700--6000-A region, have been determined. The excitation functions of the spectral lines, independently of the type of transitions in the energy range from the excitation thresholds to 300 eV, are similar in appearance. The values of the cross sections at the excitation maximum at 11--20 eV are in the 10/sup -17/--10/sup -19/-cm/sup 2/ range.


The interaction of high-frequency and low-frequency electromagnetic waves in an active medium with a quadratic nonlinearity is studied theoretically and experimentally. The explosive interaction in such a medium can result in stationary coupled waves. The form of the waves is studied as a function of the dispersion properties and nonlinear characteristics of the medium. The envelope of the high-frequency waves can take the form of a periodic pulse train. The present experiments have been carried out with high-frequency waves and low-frequency waves, both in the rf range.


A strongly focused Nd:YAG laser beam has been used experimentally to achieve optical trapping and simultaneous rotation of a micro-object about an axis perpendicular to the trapping laser beam axis. The micro-object (12 μm in diameter), which has shape anisotropy in its interior, can be produced by oxygen reactive ion etching of a fluorinated polyimide film (refractive index n=1.53). This optically induced rotation of the micro-object in ethanol (n=1.36) is accomplished by utilizing the net radiation pressure force arising from the momentum change of light scattered at the micro-object's inner walls.


The rather young theological discipline of missiology is in a process of transition. Against the backdrop of a shift in gravity of the global church's geographical centre, and considering the rising number of contextual theologies and Christianities, as well as a continuously bad reputation of mission in the Western world, the discourse has shifted and is focusing on the term "intercultural theology." Will "intercultural theology" replace "missiology," and how important is the issue of mission in this debate?


AIM: To investigate the influence of aspirin on rats with pressure overloaded hypertrophic myocardium and change of inflammation marker. METHODS: 17 male SD rats were randomly assigned to sham operated group (S, n=5), operated group (O, n=7), operated + aspirin group (O-A, n=5). Hypertrophic myocardium was induced by gradually constricting the abdominal aorta in rats. After 16 weeks, O-A group was treated with aspirin(100 (mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)))in drinking water for 4 weeks. All rats were determined the left ventricular (LV) structures and functions by echocardiography at 20 weeks after operation, respectively. Hearts were analyzed for determination the organ weight. Myocardial collagen was stained with Masson and CVF-T and CVF-NV were analyzed using a computer assisted procedure. Then, serum levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10,TGF-β,CRP were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Operated rats increased LV wall thickness,LV internal diameter,LV mass and had decreased FS%. In comparison to S group, TNF-α in O group increased at 20 weeks after operation,but that decreased in O-A group. Levels of IL-10 in O group were increased at 20 weeks. IL-10 in O-A group reduced compared with S group. CVF-T and CVF-NV was the greatest in O group and there was difference between O-A group and S group. CONCLUSION: Inflammation is involved in the development of myocardial hypertrophy. Aspirin has an influence on inflammation marker and may contribute to myocardial collagen remodeling in pressure overload model.


In this interpretive analysis elucidating fundam ental tensions o f the im plem entation o f the 2001 No C hild L eft B ehind (N C L B ) A ct w ithin N ative-serving schools, w e point to w ays in w hich N CLB further lim its the already contested sovereignty tribes exercise over how, and in what language their children are instructed. W e discuss issues related to the self-determination exercised by schools, som e problem atic cultural assum ptions inherent in the N CLB law, and the legal tension betw een N CLB and the 1990/1992 Native A m erican L anguages Act. Finally, we exam ine the detrim ental effects that NCLB accountability m easures could have on Navajo communities, and look at how the N avajo N ation has addressed sovereignty over tribal education in recent years vis-a-vis N CLB.


The exponen tia l g row th a n d explosion o f In form ation on the In ternet has g iven rise to severa l questions o f socio -econom ic, p o litica l a n d leg a l nature, especia lly as reg ard to the issue o f fr e e access to in form ation an d poss ib le lim ita tions to th is fr e e use. S ince the In ternet is a g lo b a l operating netw ork exceeding therefo r e na tiona l territories, the prob lem o f un iversa l ju r isd ic tio n rises. The in troduction o f fi lte r in g techniques has been in troduced to d ea l w ith th is p rob lem . H ow ever the use o f filte r in g techn iques p o ses severa l p ro b lem s a s w ell a n d can clearly have a ch illing effec t on fr e e speech as well.


I have performed scaling tests using quenched spectroscopy of a family of fermion actions which have a hypercubic kinetic term, gauge connections built of smeared links, and an anomalous magnetic moment term. These actions show improved rotational invariance compared to the standard Wilson action and to the tadpole-improved clover action. Hyperfine splittings are improved compared to the standard Wilson action (at the level of a factor of three in the lattice spacing), and are about the same as for the tadpole-improved clover action.


Based on the brief review of generation process of the two core-system hypothesis, the essay mainly analyses the core point, working mechanism and experimental basis of the two core-system hypothesis, including the experimental basis on the small precise representative system and large approximate representative system。 Finally, the problem and dispute of behavior and brain physiological mechanism are discussed, as well as the contradiction result and method limitation, and seven urgent problems are explored such as the baby's number cognition depends on independent system or multiple systems and so on.


The behavior of planar triodes with close grid-to-cathode spacings is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Special attention is paid to island formation dimensional variation initial electron velocity and cathode coating resistance. A formula is derived for the optimum grid-to-cathode spacing which yields maximum transconductance, maximum power gain-band product and minimum noise figure.


Do special education methods work? Is special education cost-effective? Kavale and Forness provide a complete and accurate evaluation of what works and what doesn't in special education in this monograph.


Because the feeding of brown sugar or chromium(III) to rats had been found to produce lowered serum cholesterol levels for 11 months, studies were continued to 23 months of age to ascertain long-term effects. In addition an attempt was made to discover other trace factors influencing choles terol and glucose metabolism. Groups of rats were fed a torula yeast, sucrose and lard diet, with refined white sugar, dark brown sugar or raw sugar. The diet con tained 0.08, 0.16 and 0.14 Mg/g chromium, respectively, dry weight. One group fed white sugar was given 5 ppm chromium in drinking water, and all were given the other essential trace metals. A standard diet of rye, milk and corn oil was fed to other groups of rats, with or without chromium in water, and with cadmium, nickel and molybdenum. The feeding of white sugar plus chromium, brown sugar or raw sugar retarded the rise of serum cholesterol with age characteristic of chromium deficiency. The feeding of brown sugar lowered fasting serum glucose levels up to 11 months of age but not thereafter in females; in males the level rose after 11 months but did not rise to the levels of the white sugar group. Chro mium was hyperglycA©mie with age, whereas the feeding of brown sugar to male rats was accompanied by lesser elevations at older ages, and raw sugar had mini mal effects in both sexes. In rats fed the starch diet, the addition of 5 ppm chro mium usually resulted in depression of serum cholesterol and glucose levels, the addition of 50 ppm cadmium had no consistent effects, and the feeding of 50 ppm molybdenum alone without other trace elements resulted in effects on cholesterol similar to those of chromium. The torula yeast diet contained little vitamin E, and neurological symptoms of vitamin E deficiency occurred in all animals fed this diet for 18 to 24 months. J. Nutr. 101: 247-258, 1971.


We study the resummation of large logarithmic perturbative corrections to the partonic cross sections relevant for the process pp{yields}{gamma}X at high transverse momentum of the photon. These corrections arise near the threshold for the partonic reaction and are associated with soft-gluon emission. We especially focus on the resummation effects for the contribution to the cross section where the photon is produced in jet fragmentation. Previous calculations in perturbation theory at fixed order have established that this contribution is a subdominant part of the cross section. We find, however, that it is subject to much larger resummation effects than the direct (nonfragmentation) piece and therefore appears to be a significant contribution in the fixed-target regime, not much suppressed with respect to the direct part. Inclusion of threshold resummation for the fragmentation piece leads to some improvement in comparisons between theoretical calculations and experimental data.


This contribution deals with the evaluation of blasted surfaces used for forming adhesively-bonded joints. It was observed that surface quality evaluation by R a arithmetic mean average roughness-parameter, only was insufficient. Experimental results show there is no direct correlation between surface roughness and bonded joint strength, because surface roughness and surface irregularity are not identical terms. Fractal analysis is presented as a suitable tool for surface irregularity evaluation. Fractal dimension is shown as an additional parameter for bonded joint strength prediction.


Significance In obligate bacterial predators such as Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus the cell-replication cycle is tightly coupled to the predatory act. Using a novel growth system, in which the content of emptied prey cells is manipulated, we show that B. bacteriovorus uses two spatially and temporally separated prey-derived cues to regulate the steps from prey recognition to predatory cell growth through differential gene expression. A previously unidentified cell-cycle checkpoint is uncovered, during which prey quality, as defined by nutrient availability, may be assessed. Predators feed on prey to acquire the nutrients necessary to sustain their survival, growth, and replication. In Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, an obligate predator of Gram-negative bacteria, cell growth and replication are tied to a shift from a motile, free-living phase of search and attack to a sessile, intracellular phase of growth and replication during which a single prey cell is consumed. Engagement and sustenance of growth are achieved through the sensing of two unidentified prey-derived cues. We developed a novel ex vivo cultivation system for B. bacteriovorus composed of prey ghost cells that are recognized and invaded by the predator. By manipulating their content, we demonstrated that an early cue is located in the prey envelope and a late cue is found within the prey soluble fraction. These spatially and temporally separated cues elicit discrete and combinatory regulatory effects on gene transcription. Together, they delimit a poorly characterized transitory phase between the attack phase and the growth phase, during which the bdelloplast (the invaded prey cell) is constructed. This transitory phase constitutes a checkpoint in which the late cue presumably acts as a determinant of the prey's nutritional value before the predator commits. These regulatory adaptations to a unique bacterial lifestyle have not been reported previously.


In this paper, we describe the method of finite state machine (FSM) induction using genetic algorithm with fitness function, cross-over and mutation based on testing and model checking. Input data for the genetic algorithm is a set of tests and a set of properties described using linear time logic. Each test consists of an input sequence of events and the corresponding output action sequence. In previous works testing and model checking were used separately in genetic algorithms. Usage of such an approach is limited because the behavior of system usually cannot be described by tests only. So, additional validation or verification is needed. Calculation of fitness function based only on verification do not perform well because there are very few possible values of fitness function (verification gives only "yes" or "no" answer). The approach described is tested on the problem of finite state machine induction for elevator doors controlling. Using tests only the genetic algorithm constructs the finite machine working improperly in some cases. Usage of verification allows to induct the correct finite state machine.


The extent of sphincter division by the subcutaneous or the open technique is examined by comparing the change in anal canal pressure after either method of sphincterotomy in twenty‐eight patients with chronic anal fissure randomly allocated. In all patients the fissures healed at one month with significant reduction (P < 0.01) of anal canal pressures to 52 (17–75) cmH2O after subcutaneous and 47.5 (35–100) cmH2O after open sphincterotomy, a 51 (22–77) and 50 (11–68) per cent reduction of their respective pre‐operative measurements. Adequate sphincterotomy can be achieved by both techniques.


The Lower Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs may be divided into four types such as ancient karst reservoir,recrystallization-related dolomite reservoir,tectonism-related crack reservoir and calcirudite reservoir.The ancient karst reservoir is the most favorable one,followed by dolomite reservoir and crack reservoir as well as calcirudite reservoir.The ancient karst reservoir occurs in the Ordovician and Upper Cambrian dolomitite.The favorable reservoirs are distributed over Taican 3 well and to the west,Longxian and Liquan on the southwestern margin of Ordos.


The adhesion of cells to neighboring cells is essential for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Cells bind to one another via surface adhesion receptors, known as cadherins. In epithelia, the primary cadherin adhesion receptor, E-cadherin, binds to E-cadherin on adjacent cells to establish and maintain cell-cell adhesion. In addition, E-cadherin senses external forces induced by fluid flow, stretching, and compaction. To resist the force, E-cadherin stimulates cell stiffening via RhoA-dependent activation of non-muscle myosin II, increased actin polymerization, and growth of the adhesion complex. The increased actin polymerization and growth of the adhesion complex are energetically costly. Yet, how cells derive the energy needed to support remodeling was previously unknown. Our recent findings reveal how E-cadherin stimulates energy production to support the changes that allow the cell to resist force. Specifically, application of shear stress or tensile force to E-cadherin on 2 different epithelial cell lines triggers activation of AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK, Fig. 1). AMPK is a serine/ threonine kinase that phosphorylates substrates to shutdown energy-consuming biosynthetic pathways (such as fatty acid synthesis, protein translation, cholesterol synthesis) and to promote ATP-producing catabolic pathways (such as glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation). We examined how AMPK is recruited to the cell-cell junctions in response to force. Liver kinase B1, an AMPK activator, localizes to cadherin contacts in mature junctions. Application of force increases co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation of LKB1 with E-cadherin. When LKB1 is inhibited, forceinduced AMPK activation and recruitment to the cadherins is blocked. Hence, LKB1 mediates AMPK recruitment and activation at cell-cell contacts. LKB1 localization to E-cadherin is dependent on a C-terminal CAAX motif. Prenylation at similar sites in other proteins promotes their localization to membranes. These observations raise the possibility LKB1 is prenylated in response to force on E-cadherin which triggers LKB1 insertion into the membrane in close proximity to E-cadherin. Alternatively, LKB1 may directly bind to E-cadherin or one of its associated proteins. The force-induced activation of AMPK raised the possibility that AMPK lies upstream of cellular contractility. E-cadherin triggers increases contractility via a signal transduction cascade whereby Abl kinase phosphorylates Y822 vinculin, thereby stimulating RhoA-dependent myosin II activation. Inhibition of LKB1 or AMPK prevents force-induced Abl activation, vinculin phosphorylation, GTP-loading of RhoA, and myosin II phosphorylation (Fig. 1). Hence, AMPK is a component of a known signal transduction cascade from E-cadherin to cell stiffening. In many cells, AMPK signals for increased glucose uptake. In response to force on E-cadherin, we observe increased glucose uptake in 2 cell lines in response to multiple forces. The glucose uptake requires increased contractility and E-cadherin expression. Also of note, the glucose taken up into the cell was converted to ATP. Hence, force-induced AMPK activation signals for increased energy within the cell. Interestingly, cells signal for increased energy using the same pathway whereby they stimulate the physical changes necessary to resist the force. The critical question remains, "Does this increased energy support the physical changes necessary to resist the force?" In response to force, E-cadherin triggers increases in enzymatic activity, actin polymerization, and actomyosin contractility to support cell stiffening. The amount of energy required for these processes can be quite high. Estimates suggest that as much as 50% of the total ATP consumed in a resting platelet or neuron is used to support the actin cytoskeleton. Our studies reveal a 2.0-fold increase in E-cadherin deposition in cell-cell junctions and a 3.8-fold increase in junctional actin. Cells require both AMPK and increased ATP production to support the cytoskeletal changes necessary for cell stiffening. Hence, not only does forceinduced AMPK stimulate glucose uptake and increased contractility, but also the energy is used to support elevated tension. Overall, these studies reveal a complex network of interactions linking E-cadherin mechanotransduction and cell metabolism (Fig. 1). Intriguingly, the newly identified signal transduction cascade provides insight into a poorly understood aspect of cell biology and opens the door to many exciting questions linking cellular mechanics to metabolism. Key among these is how widespread is this phenomenon. AMPK regulates mitochondria trafficking to the leading edge during cell migration and matrix invasion, suggesting that the integrins, like cadherins, may be coupled to metabolic events. Another intriguing question arising from this work is whether other metabolic intermediates are linked to cell adhesion. Interestingly, an RNAi screen uncovered 52 metabolic proteins that regulate cell-cell adhesion. Hence, it is unlikely AMPK is only


In the last years the integration of operation calls in the context of dynamic, personalized interfaces has become a 'must' for Web Applications. However, existing conceptual modeling proposals have just tangentially tackled the conceptual definition of its corresponding operation interfaces, which many times involve concepts far more complex than those related to text field input. This paper presents the OO-H modeling proposal for the seamless integration of both single and multi-step operation interfaces in the context of its interface navigational model. The notation and semantics provided by OO-H allow the reuse of context information and/or navigation paths for the assignment of values to operation parameters and the visualization of operation results.


The article examines the poetics of the title of John Banville's novella "The NewtonLetter" (1982). There is a fundamental difference between this text and other novels included in the "scientific trilogy" of the writer, dedicated to the great geniuses of science: elements of a selfreflexive narrative, an introduction of an unreliable narrator-biographer, a departure from the main plot of the biography of the scientist). "The Newton Letter" appears as a postmodernist embodiment of epistemological and ontological doubt, a detailed self-reflection about the crisis of narration and nomination. The very act of writing a letter in its personal dimension emphasizes Banville's recognition of the incomprehensible complexity of the orders of the universe, the chaotic mundane experience, the strangeness of human relations, and the impenetrability of the consciousness of the Other, as opposed to well-reasoned scientific report. The figures associated with the plot of the creative crisis are the narratorBanville; the narrator-Newton; Newton-Chandos; at different textual levels they all are expressing a deep language skepticism in the form of a letter.


Impacts between urban and agricultural land cover on storm flow water quality are poorly understood for the Eastern Corn Belt Ecoregion in SW Ohio. Storm flow water samples were collected from May 2017 to October 2017 across seven SW Ohio watersheds which ranged in urban land cover from 6% to 92% and in agricultural land cover from 4% to 70%. Two watersheds contained water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). Percent agricultural land cover in a watershed and storm magnitude were primary explanatory variables for total suspended solid and total phosphorus concentrations. Total nitrogen, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations were primarily explained by the presence of WRRFs and percent agricultural land cover. Increased dissolved nutrient concentrations in watersheds with WRRFs indicate that WRRFs in the study area are ineffectively removing nitrate and phosphate from effluent. Results suggest that to improve water quality during storm flows, additional management efforts need to be focused on agricultural watersheds and WRRFs.


when the country is in danger, the President can lead the state based on discretionary powers with consideration of immediate danger, the need for actions that make sense, and a limited time. Nevertheless, the President broad authority to save the country will be related to the issue of accountability forms and organizing power of the President as a manifestation of the state of law adopted by Indonesia. So, looking at issues form the President's power and accountability of the president's powers in times of national danger becomes urgent to be appointed in this thesis, which is also the goal of this research. With the regulatory approach, the comparative approach, as well as the conceptual approach, this study analyzes primary and secondary legal materials. All legal materials collected by literature study. The results showed that the use of discretionary powers of President can be held accountable if the act relating to abuse of power and arbitrary actions. the power of the president in the context of the implementation of a state of danger does not diminish the obligations of responsibility.
Key words:


Michel de Certeau's theory of aestheticization of everyday life has three dimensions: strategy and tactics of "resistance" in the practice of everyday life,"consumption – another production",and the aesthetic experience of "walking in the city".His theory of aestheticization of everyday life has great theoretical value and realistic significance for guiding human beings out of realistic living dilemma and creating human "poetic habitation".


Several 9th- , 10th- , and 11th-century manuscripts with the same text, i.e., the De laudibus sanctae Crucis by Raban Maur, were submitted to colorimetric measurements. The results provided a better knowledge of the palette of colors characteristic of each copy and permitted identification of most of the pigments used. Comparing the data obtained to observations by historians, researchers can clearly trace the evolution of the techniques used by illuminators from the 9th to the middle of the 11th century to obtain similar effects by different means.


Reliable automatic semantic annotation systems do not exist for many languages. Their creation depends in many respects on construction of gold standard corpora. In this paper we present a system for supporting the semi-automatic construction of such corpora. The general annotation architecture comprises two steps: chunk annotation identification of the text segment which represents a given concept or a relation in the text; concept selection a chunk might represent more than one concept depending on the context. Implementation of the annotation architecture requires as a prerequisite the following resources ontology as a source of concepts and relations for the annotation, terminological lexicons, regular grammars linked to the ontology in such a way that each rule incorporates the potential concepts or relations it could recognize in the text. In most cases the creation of a gold standard corpus annotated with semantic information will require the ontology, the lexicons and the regular grammars to be continually extended on the basis of the actual annotation in the text. The system is implemented as an extension of CLaRK system which already supports similar functionalities on the basis of regular grammar engine and the constraint engine. In the new implementation these two engines are integrated with each other. The new extension is the access to the ontology engine and the possibilities for writing of new grammar rules and/or context rules (implemented as constraints) in the process of annotation.


Byzantine Generals algorithms enable processes to reliably broadcast messages in a system of $n$ processes where up to $t$ of the processes may be faulty. The algorithms are conducted in synchronous rounds of message exchange. For a system where $n = (3 + \delta)t$ we prove the existence of a randomized algorithm whose expected number of rounds is $O(lg n)$. This is an improvement on the lower bound of $t + 1$ rounds required for deterministic algorithms and on the previous result of $t/lg n$ expected number of rounds for randomized algorithms.


Abstract : A series of tests was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF), potassium bicarbonate powder (PKP) and Halon 1211, alone and in various combinations, in extinguishing spray fires. The sprays were generated by JP-5 jet fuel issuing from an open sounding tube, and open petcock, a leaking flange or a slit pipe and contacting an ignition source. The results indicate that typical fuel spray fires, such as those simulated in this series, are very severe. Flame heights ranged from 6.1 m (20 ft) for the split pipe to 15.2 m (50 ft) for the sounding tube scenario. These large flame geometries were accompanied by heat release rates of 6 MW to greater than 50 MW, and hazardous thermal radiation levels in the near field environment, up to 9.1 m (30 ft) away. Successful suppression of these fires requires both a significant reduction in flame radiation and delivery of a suppression agent to shielded areas. Of the nine suppression methods tested, the 95 gpm AFFF hand line and the hand line in conjunction with PKP were particularly effective in reducing the radiant flux. (edc)


Introduction: Health care incidents represent a serious public health problem since they are associated with increased mortality, length of hospitalization and treatment costs. In this context, the continuous monitoring and surveillance of incident occurrence by the health services are important prevention tools. Objective: To describe and evaluate the quality of the incident notification related to healthcare occurred in the city of Porto Alegre, RS, between 2016 and 2017. Method: A descriptive study that proposes to calculate the prevalence of notified incidents and to analyze their variables from secondary data. Results: A total of 1,059 events occurred among the studied years, most of them in hospitals, with mild damage and during healthcare. The most affected age group was the elderly and the most frequent incidents were produced by falls. The most frequent never event were pressure ulcers and the quality of the notification was generally low. Conclusions: It is important risk monitoring and incident notification to be permanent practices in health services and the notified data to be used as a tool for constant improvement of healthcare processes.


Vortex shedding from a microsphere oscillating in superfluid 4 He at mK temperatures is compared with that from a laser beam moving in a Bose–Einstein condensate as observed by other authors. In particular, in either case a linear dependence of the shedding frequency f v on Δv = v − v c is observed, where v is the velocity amplitude of the sphere or the constant velocity of the laser beam above a critical velocity v c for the onset of turbulent flow: f v = a Δv , where the coefficient a is proportional to the oscillation frequency ω above some characteristic frequency ω k and assumes a finite value for steady motion ω → 0.


Aiming at the characteristics of the brass alloy,such as large deformation resistance,great fluctuationforming load features,the forming of H62 brass was tested and analyzed for continuous extrusion.The test results show that comparing with T2 copper,the load of block is significantly increased as the load of extrusionwheel is increased,and the load of cavity is reduced for H62 brass.Also the H62 brass has large deformationresistance at low temperature,and a decreased deformation resistance and significant flow performance at hightemperature.The research results lay a solid theoretical basis for exploring the complex alloy during continuousextrusion.


Loss of barrier function in kidney epithelial cells due to alterations in the tight junction (TJ) may be a contributory mechanism of ischemia‐reperfusion injury. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the changes in TJ function and protein composition during recovery after exposure to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress was induced in MDCK Type II cells by exposure to H2O2, and cells were subsequently recovered for 24 hours. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and solute flux were used as measures of barrier function. Protein expression and localization was determined for TJ proteins during the recovery period. Moderate doses of H2O2 perturbed TJ function without exhibiting a significant cytotoxic effect. ERK‐1/2, an enzyme of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, was activated within minutes of exposure to H2O2. Exposure to H2O2 with subsequent recovery resulted in initially decreased TER followed by recovery of function and was accompanied by changes in expression and localization of the TJ proteins occludin and claudin‐1. Inhibition of ERK activation significantly attenuated recovery changes in TER and TJ protein composition induced by H2O2. Our findings suggest that the TJ in kidney epithelial cells is altered by H2O2 exposure and recovery. These changes appear to be mediated by activation of the MAPK pathway. This work was supported by NIH Grant DK065652 and the HHMI Foundation.


INTRODUCTION Aggression may be conceptualized as a complex pattern of behaviour in an individual, either alone or as part of a group activity, which arises out of a stimulated genetic Grurtdloge and is influenced by past personal and social experiences, a current object stimulus, and the cultural norms of the society in which the individual i s operating. Such narrow definitions as the observation of overt attacking behaviour physical attack, threatening gestures, verbal aggression, intellectual criticism or competitive striving-do not take into account the prolific fantasies existing subjectively in either, or both, of the attacker or the attacked, and take no account of such concepts as drive, motivation, intention, scapegoating, internalized aggression and even subintentioned trauma.


Objectives: Viral vector uptake into the pancreas is rare. The few viral vectors reported to transduce in vivo pancreatic islets after systemic injection required additional physical measures, such as direct pancreatic injection or hepatic vessel clamping. Because pancreatic islet uptake of the human polyomavirus family member BK virus was previously reported in hamsters after systemic administration, we hypothesized that SV40, a polyomavirus member remarkably similar to BK virus, may also infect the pancreas. Methods: We injected intravenously a low dose of SV40, unaided by any other physical or chemical means, and evaluated viral uptake by pancreatic islets and pancreatic exocrine tissue via polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, electron microscopy, immunofluorescent microscopy, and protein A-gold immunocytochemistry. Results: Pancreatic uptake of SV40 was comparable to other major organs (ie, liver and spleen). SV40 viral particles were detected in both pancreatic islets and acini. In pancreatic islets, all islet cell types were infected by SV40, albeit the infection rate of glucagon-producing &agr; cells surpassed &bgr;- and &dgr;-islet cells. Low-dose SV40 administration was not sufficient to induce heterologous gene expression in the pancreas. Conclusions: Our study shows that pancreatic islet and acinar cell uptake of SV40 is feasible with a single, low-dose intravenous injection. However, this dose did not result in gene delivery into the murine pancreas.Abbreviations: PyV - polyomavirus, BKV - BK virus, JCV - JC virus, PML - progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, HPRT - hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, NOD - nonobese diabetic mice, DM - diabetes mellitus, IU - infectious units


We consider the influence of the inclusion of interatomic interactions on the $\ensuremath{\delta}$-kicked accelerator model. Our analysis concerns in particular quantum accelerator modes, namely quantum ballistic transport near quantal resonances. The atomic interaction is modeled by a Gross-Pitaevskii cubic nonlinearity, and we address both attractive (focusing) and repulsive (defocusing) cases. The most remarkable effect is enhancement or damping of the accelerator modes, depending on the sign of the nonlinear parameter. We provide arguments showing that the effect persists beyond mean-field description, and lies within the experimentally accessible parameter range.


The purpose of this work is to perform an infographic degree through methodological approach and contextualization to serve as teaching material, which would be used in the development of training that the Capital District governmental agencies must implement to teach and instruct on archival tools, which are applied in the work of documentary organization in public entities, in compliance with the guidelines and parameters set by the governing bodies of the documentary department of the National Archives and the local Archives of the city of Bogota


Abstract Temperature-programmed reaction and desorption (TPR, TPD) were used to study the formation and hydrogenation of CH3O on a 7.7% Pt/Al2O3 catalyst. Methoxy forms in an activated spillover process following CO and H2 adsorption on Pt, and adsorbed CH3O has the same desorption and reaction properties as adsorbed CH3OH. The CH3O species hydrogenates faster to CH4 than does CO adsorbed on Pt. Spillover is faster than hydrogenation at low temperatures, but the activation energy for spillover is smaller. Water significantly inhibits spillover by poisoning the adsorption sites on Al2O3. A physical mixture of Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3 was used to show that CH3O was adsorbed on Al2O3. At elevated temperature and in the absence of gas-phase H2, CH3O decomposition limits the formation of gas-phase CO and H2. The processes of spillover and hydrogenation to CH4 were studied by TPR in combination with isotope labeling, interrupted reaction, and H2O preadsorption. The surface coverage, healing rate, and H2 pressure during TPR were also varied.


Bifurcation aneurysms with wide neck present a challenge to the traditional endovascular procedures even nowadays. (1)Various modified endovascular approaches are being used to maintain the patency of vital artery vessels and to stabilize the web of coils, placed into the aneurysm. The most commonly used methods in treating this type of aneurysm are stent-assisted coiling, balloon-assisted coiling, use of two stents in Y configuration, 'double micro-catheter technique', etc.(2-5)


BACKGROUND The complex anatomy of root canal makes it very difficult to clean and shape to eliminate the bacteria in the canal. Multiple root canal medicaments and irrigants are used to eliminate the canal microbials. Many of the pathogens have undergone resistance to the medicaments and the irrigants used. Thus, antibacterial nanoparticles have been introduced to overcome this problem. Nano dentistry mainly infers the use of nanomaterials and dental nanorobots in the field of diagnosis and treatment, aiming improvement in complete oral health. The use of nanoparticles is extending in many oral health–related issues such as management of dentin hypersensitivity, elimination of bacterial biofilm, diagnosing as well as treating oral cancers, bone replacement and so on. It possesses a unique physical and chemical property. The usage of nanoparticles in different forms like solutions for irrigation, as intracanal medication, in conjunction with sealers or restorative materials aimed at evaluating and mainly improving the antimicrobial efficacy in endodontic and conservative treatments. These nanoparticles act on the bacteria through various mechanisms. The bactericidal effect of the nanoparticles has been investigated in many in vitro studies. In the field of endodontics, nanomaterials are inculcated mainly focusing on strategies improving antimicrobial efficacy, mechanical integrity of already diseased dentinal matrix, regeneration of the tissues and many more. Recently, many more new technologies are in process to be tested in the field, keeping an eye on overcoming the microbial challenge. This review intended to give a look on the literature available, uses, applications and advantages of the nanoparticles in endodontics. KEY WORDS Nanotechnology, Nanoparticles, Antibacterial Efficacy, Endodontics


Model Predictive Control (MPC) is widely used in the process industries. A successful implementation of MPC involves the setting of a considerable number of parameters which must be appropriately tuned. Despite a number of publications on MPC tuning, there is a lack of a systematic approach that relates MPC tuning to linear control theory. In this paper, a systematic tuning of the prediction horizon, the control horizon and the penalty weights is discussed such that desired closed-loop pole and zero locations result as long as the constraints are not active. We verify our approach on two challenging examples.


The patient was a 27-year-old man who was affected by jaundice in mid April 1981 with cenestpathy. The results of the examination revealed positivity of HBs-Ag and e-Ag and higher hemogram values of GOT 1170U, GPT of 1700U, and T-Bil. of 7.1mg/dl (D-Bil. of 4.5mg/dl). The biopsy of liver demonstrated the image of acute hepatitis. As the level of HBc-Ab was high since the bignning, acute onset of HBV-carrier was suspected. However, both the TTT and IgM levels were high and the IgM-Ab of HA-Ab was positive, this case was identified as hepatitis of Type A overlappingly affecting the HBV-carrier. His clinical course was very smooth, and the histological findings of liver were almost normal on the biopsy conducted on the 18th week. In this case, HBs-Ag in the hepatic tissue were distributed in cells isolated according to the first hepatic biopsy. On the second biopsy in the convalescent stage, positive cells were not perceived. But, HBs-Ag positive hepatic cells were observed on the biopsy conducted on the 18th week: these cells existed dispersedly and were stained intensively.


It is challenging to detect foreground objects when background includes an illumination variation, shadow or structural variation due to their motion. Basically pixel-based background models suffer from statistical randomness of each pixel. This paper proposes an algorithm that incorporates Markov random field(MRF) model into pixel-based background modelling to achieve more accurate foreground detection. Under the assumptions the distance between the pixel on the input image and the corresponding background model and the difference between the scene estimates of the spatio-temporally neighboring pixels are exponentially distributed, a recursive approach for estimating the MRF regularizing parameters is proposed. The proposed method alternates between estimating the parameters with the intermediate foreground detection results and detecting the foreground with the estimated parameters, after computing them with the detection results of the pixel-based background subtraction. Extensive experiment is conducted with several videos recorded both indoors and outdoors to compare the proposed method with the codebook-based algorithm.


In the aftermath of the Cold War, the security literature has increasingly become focused on problems within states. This has led a number of scholars to apply ideas traditionally associated with international security to internal security issues. One such case concerns the application of the security dilemma to ethnic tensions. This article considers this appli cation with reference to Malaysia and argues that not only can the security dilemma be applied, but that the coalition regime and the notion of Bangsa Malaysia represent the types of power-sharing and ethnic reconstruction which can mitigate and ultimately escape the security dilemma. In the post-Cold War era, a burgeoning literature has arisen on ethnic conflict as communities within the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, Soma lia and elsewhere have resorted to violence against one another. This literature has encompassed a wide variety of approaches, with authors applying such concepts as the insecurity dilemma,1 democratization2 and identity,3 among others, to help provide an insight into the dynam ics at work. This article will develop further the use of the security dilemma, originally applied to ethnic conflict by Barry Posen, in help ing to reveal these dynamics.4 The goal is to clarify the applicability of the security dilemma, to apply it to Malaysia, and to determine why Malaysia has been able to mitigate the dilemma's worst effects and whether it is actually moving away from the security dilemma.


Multilocus recombination structure is introduced using recombination and linkage values. The notion of chiasma interference is discussed and the coincidence measure of interference is defined. The global nature of positive, negative or non-interference is characterized using linkage values. In the case of the renewal chiasma formation process with interdistance distribution F it is shown that the nature of interference depends on the 'ageing' properties of F such as IFR, NBU, NBUE and DMRL.


Determining the optimum location to monitoring the radio frequency spectrum requires a complex consideration. Several considerations including topography, accessibility, population density, residential areas, distribution of radiofrequency spectrum users, high voltage power lines, and Transmitter power level. This study evaluates all consideration parameters using a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (F-AHP). The optimum locations which were founded based on the F_AHP analytical are shown on the map using the Web Geographic Information System (WebGIS). The research was conducted in the Bali Province area. The display via WebGIS indicates three categories of suitability, namely: "high", "medium", and "low". Meanwhile, based on the analysis of the effect of consideration for determining the location, it was found that the distribution of radiofrequency spectrum users had the highest weight of 49.1%, then followed by the accessibility of 30.1%, residential area of 9.7%, the topography of 6.5%, and the population 4.6%.


A diazo coupled spectrophotometry for the determination of nitrite was reported in this work.Some experimental conditions were studied.The maximum wavelength of this system was 452nm and the colormetric time was between 1min and 24h on accuracy and precision of the present method had been observed.The 0.1% of copper(II)ions,0.01% of iron(III)ions,0.2% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(DBS)or 2% of polyethylene glycol(PEG)400 show no obvious influence on the measurements.Comparing with the national standard method(GB/T 5750.5-2006),HPLC method,the method is fast,accurate,easy to be operated,good reproducibility and suitable for the routine inspection of real field-producing process.The method was applied for the determination of the contents of nitrite in 4 real samples of water-based cutting fluids and waste water of machining.The samples contain nitrite in the range of 1.50—1.62×104mg/L.


Abstract By adopting a multidimensional approach to environmental attitudes (apathy, anthropocentrism, connectedness and emotional affinity with nature), this study explores the relationships between these dimensions, social dominance orientation (SDO) and political orientation. Two hundred and sixty-two Chilean university students filled out an ad hoc online questionnaire. Two confirmatory factorial analyses showed the four typologies of environmental attitudes and the two factors for SDO, which are labelled group dominance and opposition to equality. Through hierarchical regressions, group dominance showed higher explanatory power of environmental attitudes than political orientation. Furthermore, using the bootstrap procedure we showed that group dominance mediated between political orientation and attitudes of apathy, anthropocentrism and connectedness, while opposition to equality mediated between apathy and emotional affinity. We conclude that SDO is an important variable for measuring political ideology while also providing new nuances when analysing the relationships with environmental attitudes.


I have already shown that red tides having the index PON can be expressed by five predictor variables (WT, SAL, TDP, DIN, DON) based on multiple linear regression (MRA) model in the northern part of Hiroshima Bay. If future values of five predictor variables at each station can be estimated in some way, it becomes quite possible that red tide with the PON index simulation can be done. Thus, the red tide (PON) simulation in August, 1979 and 1983 were performed using MRA model and Fourier analysis (FFT). The results obtained are as follows. 1) The FFT was used to calculate the future values of five predictor variables at six stations and then correlation coefficients between actual variables and estimated ones were determined to be 0.54 for DON and 0.69-0.93 for four predictor variables. 2) By the simulation I ascertained the possibility of red tide in August, 1979 in which Gymno-dinium nagasakiense actually occurred. The correlation coefficients between actual PON and simulated PON were 0.91 on August 7, 0.86 on August 20 and 0.20 on August 30, respectively. The differences between actual PON and simulated PON ranged from 16 to 230μg/l, and became greater when the red tide occurred. 3) In the case of August, 1983, differences between actual PON and simulated PON ranged from -19 to 13μg/l, indicating that these two PON have the same values. Therefore, this method seems to be very useful for predicting the red tide occurrence in August.


This paper describes Haskelite , a step-by-step interpreter for a small subset of Haskell. Haskelite is designed to help teach fundamental concepts of functional programming, namely: evaluation by rewriting; definition of functions using pattern-matching; recursion; higher-order functions; and on-demand evaluation. The interpreter is implemented in Elm and compiled to JavaScript, so it runs on the browser and requires no installation. This is on-going work and has yet to be fully evaluated; we present some initial experience in the classroom and highlight some points for improvement.


West Bengal has much suitable habitat for heterocystous Cyanoprokaryota but the work done in this state is insufficient. Therefore, area wise and group wise floristic work has been un-dertaken. In this communication three genera namely Calothrix, Gloeotrichia and Rivularia from Hooghly district have been presented. Calothrix is represented by 6 species, Gloeotrichia by 4 species and Rivularia by one species. Of these five species of Calothrix and one species of Gloe-otrichia are new records for algal flora of West Bengal.


Icepak is respectively used to carry on the numerical simulation to the radiator with heat pipe and without heat pipe,and process and result of numerical simulation are compared and analyzed.The result shows that the radiator with heat pipe has more radiating effect,and Icepak soft is most important to research on the radiating of the electron devices.


and four the two groups that were assessed, both significantly from the first to fourth month. the group of breastfed babies the formula fed babies in visual acuity scoring. These results parallel to findings of decrease in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of red blood cells in formula fed infants" DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid found in breast milk. DHA seems to play a role in cognitive development. This is evidenced by the combination of results of the former study and a random-ized intervention study that supplemented infant formula with DHA and tested the visual acuity of these infants. When infants took formula supplemented with DHA, their scores on the visual acuity test were better than infants who were drinking non-supplemented formula, but not as well as infants who were breastfeeding 2003). Yet, DHA cannot be the only ingredient in breast milk influenc-ing cognitive development. If it were, the supplement of DHA in infant-formula would be enough to produce the same visual acuity results as breastfed infants. However, DHA along with other nutrients can be responsible for the cognitive benefits of breast milk over formula. These nutrients, which are not found in cow milk or formula, have positive effects on cognitive development, and cannot be duplicated because they are not all known elements. "Nobody has been able to reproduce human breast milk because there are lots of elements in it that we probably don't even know about" (Lisser, 2002). At least until we figure out how to duplicate all the nutrients found in breast milk, breastfeeding will remain the single, most-effective way to ensure the highest level of cognitive development in infants. Abstract This paper explores the cognitive effects of breastfeeding through Intelligence Testing and Imaging Testing that compares IQ, success, and brain structure of individuals that were breastfed, formula fed, and both breastfed and formula fed. Intelligence studies available are widespread for all age groups and signify a causal relationship between breastfeeding and intelligence. However, imaging testing is not as extensive, but shows a strong correlation between cognitive development and breastfeeding. The mechanism of breast milk's impact on cognitive development is at an exploratory phase, with a possibility that docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids, along with other nutrients found in breast milk, contribute to preferential neural development. Altogether, the biological principle that structure equals function, is supported by evi-dence from Intelligence and Imaging tests that structural differences in the brains of those who were breastfed, caused by the components of breast milk, results in superior intelligence (than non-breastfed individuals) throughout life.


Crop yields, farm income risk and returns, and soil losses were simulated from 1974 to 1984 for southeastern Washington Palouse-region farms in three climatic subregions under alternative conservation and commodity policy scenarios. Historical commodity programs reinforced preexisting disincentives to retire highly erodible land to perennial grasses, but cropland base protection (CBP) legislation would eliminate such disincentives and increase profitability and decrease risk of land retirement. Nevertheless, additional incentives would be needed. Government rental payments can provide necessary incentives, but they are more costly without CBP. CBP was not included in the 1985 farm bill.


Lithium sulfur batteries have a theoretical specific energy 5 times greater than current lithium ion battery standards, but suffer from the issue of lithium polysulfide dissolution. The reaction mechanisms that underlie the formation of lithium polysulfide reaction intermediates have been studied for over four decades, yet still elude researchers. Polysulfide radical anions formed during the redox processes have become a focal point of fundamental Li−S battery research. The formation of radical species has even been shown to be advantageous to the electrochemical pathways. However, whether polysulfide radical anions can form and be stabilized in common Li−S battery electrolytes that are ether-based is a point of contention in Li−S battery research. The goal of this work was to examine the presence of radical polysulfide species in ether-based solvents. Lithium polysulfide solutions in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether and poly(ethylene oxide) are probed using a combination of ultraviolet−visible (UV−vis) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. EPR results confirm the presence of radical species in ether-based electrolytes. Comparison of the UV−vis spectra to EPR spectra establishes that the UV−vis absorbance signature for radical species in ether-based solvents occurs at a wavelength of 617 nm, which is consistent with what is observed for high electron pair donor solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide. ■ INTRODUCTION Lithium sulfur (Li−S) batteries are attractive for energy storage applications because they have a theoretical specific energy of 2600 (W h)/kg, and because sulfur is affordable and naturally abundant. Unfortunately, Li−S cells are plagued by issues related to the dissolution of reaction intermediates, collectively called lithium polysulfides, that are formed during charge and discharge. As the redox reactions proceed, these polysulfides dissolve in the electrolyte and diffuse out of the cathode, causing the battery capacity to fade. Additionally, if diffusion to the cell anode occurs, polysulfides may react with lithium, forming insulative layers of Li2S and Li2S2, and leading to parasitic shuttles if soluble species are formed. While lithium polysulfide molecules are most commonly thought to be dianion species (Li2Sx, 2 ≤ x ≤ 8), evidence of polysulfide radical anions (LiSx, 3 ≤ x ≤ 5) in Li−S batteries has also been obtained. Recent studies have even suggested that radical anions may be of benefit to Li−S reaction pathways. It has been argued that the presence of radical species (here we refer to polysulfide radical anions as radicals or radical species for simplicity) in a particular lithium sulfur cell depends primarily on the electron pair donor (EPD) number of the electrolyte. Solvents with high EPD numbers may stabilize radical polysulfides, while solvents with low EPD


Abstract This study was carried out from 2003 to 2007 to understand the hydrogeochemical processes and the solute sources of the meltwaters of the Chhota Shigri Glacier, Himalaya. The meltwater is almost neutral to slightly alkaline in nature: bicarbonate and sulphate are the dominant anions, while calcium and magnesium are the dominant cations. Bicarbonate is found to be derived from carbonate weathering and partly from silicate weathering. Rock weathering followed by precipitation are the main controlling factors that influence the meltwater chemistry of this region. The relatively high values of pCO2 reflect a higher rate of solubility in comparison to release of excess CO2 gas to the atmosphere. The presence of active hydrogeochemical processes and sediment–water interaction results in excess solute transport through the meltwater to the Chandra River that feeds the Chenab, one of the great Himalayan river systems, and ultimately flows into the ocean. This study is the first of its kind to understand in detail the hydrogeochemical process and resultant solute load transport in this Himalayan glacier. Citation Sharma, P., Ramanathan, A.L., and Pottakkal, J., 2013. Study of solute sources and evolution of hydrogeochemical processes of the Chhota Shigri Glacier meltwaters, Himachal Himalaya, India. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (5), 1128–1143. Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz


The invention discloses a binder used between urethane foam and glass fiber reinforced plastic of LNG ships, which comprises the following compositions by mass percentage: 30 to 50 percent of organosilicone polyurethane modified prepolymer, 5 to 15 percent of epoxide resin, 10 to 20 percent of solvent, 1 to 15 percent of chain extender, 1 to 10 percent of vermiculite, 10 to 18 percent of SiO2, 10to 20 percent of CaCO3 and 2 to 10 percent of CaCl2. The liquid compositions are uniformly mixed firstly, and then added with the solid compositions for uniform stirring, and the mixture is ground ona grinding machine and then packaged. The binder used between the urethane foam and the glass fiber reinforced plastic of the LNG ships has large binding power between the urethane foam and the glassfiber reinforced plastic, and properties of ultralow temperature resistance and water resistance, and can be used at 200 DEG C below zero for a long time and keep the mechanical property to achieve the aim of fully protecting heat insulating materials.


Studies on the factors affecting public risk perception of high-speed railway projects in Thailand are very limited. The aim of this study was to assess the influencing factors of public railway project risk perception, which described the public trust degrees of government, enterprise, media and experts with a combination of variables. Therefore, the study used the widely accepted influential factors and proposed a comprehensive framework to clarify the mechanism among various factors in the public risk perception. Dataset of 675 samples was collected from Don Muang area Bangkok, Pak Thong Chai, Pak Chong, Kaengkhoi area, and Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand through questionnaire. Rationality of the questionnaire was ensured through its high reliability and efficiency. The dimension hypothesis of the second-order factor was validated by confirmatory factor analysis, and the relationship among information acquisition, trust, emotion and risk perception was analyzed through the structural equation model. The results show that, within the factors that affect risk perception, the public has a more direct effect on the factors of social emotion of railway projects compared with information acquirement and the factors of trust level of each subject. This study exerts practical implications to reduce public risk perception of railway projects and promote the development of railway in Thailand.


SiGe p-channel heteroepitaxial MOS transistor test structures, fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy, have been investigated using high resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss imaging. Using these techniques, we have been able, for the first time, to quantitatively determine the nanoscale Ge distribution across a typical SiGe alloy channel. The Ge profile across the alloy channel was found to be asymmetrical due to the occurrence of segregation, with an exponential-like distribution directed towards the surface. The results match closely with the Ge profile predicted by segregation theory.


This paper describes a political violence during the 1997 general election campaignin Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It focuses on the main social factorsthat motivated the riot on May 23, 1997. This case needs to be revisited andreinterpreted in order to be a lesson for Banjarmasin people to avoid the sametragedy in the coming future election. This paper finds that political pressure andunfairness, racial issues, and economical barriers constituted the most importantfactors that led to the 1997 riot in Banjarmasin.


Abstract This paper provides a New Zealand and Australian replication and extension of Birley et al. (1999) and Birley (2001) which examined the nature and concerns offamily businesses. The initial studies found three clusters of attitudes to family businesses, namely Family Out, Family In, and Family-Business Jugglers. The consistency of cluster analysis in the Birley studies was absent in the New Zealand and Australian results. However, many concerns identified in the Birley studies are also found in New Zealand and Australia. Additionally, this study identifies concerns of family businesses not previously reported by Birley. The major issues relate to succession, both entry and retirement, and how family members are treated, in terms of share ownership and differential pay. Frequently respondents identified the need for independent business advice, indicating opportunities for business advisors to develop and provide more services tofamily businesses.


The problem in this research is still a lack of service perceived by the patient as the length of time to wait for the desired patients physician, the incompatibility of room facilities with costs to be incurred by the patient and a decrease in the number of inpatients and the value of existing BOR performing hospitals still not ideal. The purpose of the study is to determine and analyze the quality of health services at the Mother And Child Hospital Eria Bunda Pekanbaru, and to know the inhibiting factors in the quality of health services at the Mother And Child Hospital Eria Bunda Pekanbaru. The study concluded that health services in the Mother And Child Hospital Eria Bunda Pekanbaru which includes an tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy, where health services the Mother and Child Hospital Eria Bunda Pekanbaru overall good. Nevertheless there are still shortcomings perceived by consumers. While the inhibiting factors of health services at the Mother and Child Hospital Eria Bunda Pekanbaru is still a lack of qualified doctors remain, particularly obstetricians in Mother and Child Hospital Eria Bunda Pekanbaru, physical facilities in the rooms of hospitalization, especially for room in class I, II and III, are still using the old stuff and the absence of facilities like television, room for classes II and III were deemed sufficiently narrow with 2 to 3 beds and air-conditioning that is only one piece, thus making the room feel heat, the difference in care for patients with President Suite and VIP rooms with patients in class I, II and III.
Keywords: services, health services, rsia eria bunda
Keywords: services, health services, rsia eria bunda


For citation: Getmanenko Ya.A., Trusova A.V., Dobrovol'skaya A.E., Sofronov A.G. (2019). The influence of family system and individual psychological characteristics of the caregiver on the effectiveness of socio-psychological adaptation in patients with schizophrenia. National Psychological Journal, [Natsional'nyy psikhologicheskiy zhurnal], (12)3, 101–112. doi: 10.11621/npj.2019.0311 [ Медицинская психология ]


Three representations" thought, rich in content, is a new theoretical outline by the third party leadergroup after great efforts --aiming at the overall situation, summarizing the history, basing on the reality and lookinginto the fulure. It is also a complete scientific system of party construction theory. It is successor and development of Marx's party Constrution Theory and also great guiding principle for the construction of the party and for the socialist course with the Chinese eharacteristie.


The solubility of the total reduced sulfurs, which include hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (methanethiol, CH3SH), dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3), and dimethyl disulfide (CH3S2CH3), is of great interest in various applications in the chemical, oil, and gas industries and in environmental protection as well. They can occur naturally in the environment and can also be present in numerous industrial gaseous streams (petroleum, natural gas, some chemical industries like the pulp and paper industry). The aim of this review is to update different aspects concerning the solubility data of these compounds in various liquids, which are essential for the design and operation of absorption scrubbing equipment and/or of interest in many technical areas (e.g., the petroleum and natural gas industry). The review deals with the compound's characterization in direct connection with their source and a survey of relevant existing experimental data including (i) all data concerning the solubility of methyl mercaptan, di...


Preferential patterns of settlement of marine invertebrate larvae may significantly affect the expansion of introduced populations when coupled with anthropogenic changes to available substrates in marine environments. In the near-shore marine environments of the southeastern USA the addition of hard substrates into primarily salt marsh habitats may provide necessary settlement sites for recently introduced marine invertebrates such as the Asian green mussel, Perna viridis, and the South American charru mussel, Mytella charruana. Preliminary studies in Florida suggest that M. charruana adults are predominantly found on man-made substrates, especially docks. The present study investigated whether P. viridis and M. charruana preferentially settle on substrates commonly used in manmade structures such as plexiglass, wood and rock, or on natural substrates like the shells of oyster (Crassostrea virginica), green mussels or charru mussels. Frames containing a mixture of these six substrates were deployed at two locations in Florida and retrieved after 1, 2 and 3 months. Over 1-month deployments, both species preferentially recruited to natural substrates. While this pattern was repeated on substrates in the field for 2 months in M. charruana, there were no differences in P. viridis spat density among any of the substrates in the field for 2 or 3 months. These results suggest that man-made hard substrates will likely not affect expansion of these two species by providing preferred settlement sites. Man-made substrates may still, however, provide better locations for survival.


The tertiary sector activities have gone through important development in rural areas and are most often the main source of job creation. Generally speaking, this growth is the result of a locally induced endogenous process. In other words, these activities are created by the residential and tourist population dynamics, itself the result of a substantial population growth in rural communities. However, some of these activities also produce services instead satisfying the needs of non-regional markets. The phenomenon of induction, long advocated by traditional economic theories, is no longer pertinent to characterize these services, whose active roles in territorial development are today recognized by many authors. Indeed, the constant development of the tertiary sector in rural areas plays a key role in rural demographic and socio-economic dynamics. The goal of this paper is to relate this inversion of rural trajectories to the dynamics of the tertiary sector, and to examine the new relationship between these activities and rural development. In fact, services contribute to a sort of enrichment of rural areas and are at the origin of local development processes.


Learning to learn has been under the research and policy spotlight in the new millennium; it has taken centre stage in Europe, before and after the 2006 Recommendation on Key Competences. However, learning to learn is labelled by some as a non-scientific concept, wanting an agreed definition (Coffield, 2002). What seems to lack is an understanding of how it operates and can be recognised in individuals; in fact, most research mentioning this topic actually tackles other related concepts. A relevant policy initiative followed the 2018 review of Key Competences: the development of a European reference framework for the Personal, Social and Learning to Learn Competence. What is its rationale, and where does it stand against theory? How can learners and practitioners benefit from it? This article aims to offer theory and policy insights, working towards a mature definition of learning to learn embracing personal and social aspects. With a key pedagogical focus for deploying this competence in practice, it proposes an informed, actionable developmental model of how this complex set of knowledge, skills and attitudes can operate along key life stages. After all, there's nothing so practical as a good theory (Lewin, 1951).Key words: Learning to Learn; personal development; socio-emotional competences; European Key Competences; pedagogical approach; developmental model.


This study explored the case of elementary school A, which actually operates e-portfolio evaluation, in order to explore the evaluative meaning of classes using e-portfolio in elementary school. Specifically, the following research results were obtained by analyzing qualitative data by applying participatory observation, in-depth interview, and document analysis methods from March 2019 to April 2021. First, the e-portfolio had the meaning of evaluation that could confirm the learning process as a whole. It was confirmed that it comprehensively records how the project begins and ends. Second, the e-portfolio was an evaluation technique that revealed students' unique individuality and values. The content and format of the students' class results were uniquely changed for each individual. Third, the e-portfolio was functioning as an evaluation criterion that showed whether the class was faithful. Based on the successful evaluation case of elementary school A, research cases at various levels are discovered, and follow-up studies are also needed to examine the influence of e-portfolio classes in particular. It is expected that theoretical and practical follow-up studies using the basic implications of this study will proceed.


ABSTRACT The labeling of erythrocytes in plasma during incubation with I131-tagged l-triiodothyronine (T3) was studied in blood samples prepared with a widely varying hematocrit. The percentage red-cell uptake corrected to a hematocrit of 100, as employed by other investigators for an index of thyroid function, was shown to vary considerably with changes in the hematocrit. This variation is sufficient to explain the difference reported by others in the average values for euthyroid males and females. Cell labeling was shown to obey a simple equation derived from the law of mass action. The labeled T3 taken up by the red cells was proportional to the product of the red-cell mass and the concentration of labeled T3 remaining in the plasma after incubation. The constant of proportionality, or binding coefficient, was characteristic of a given plasma sample and was essentially independent of the hematocrit over a wide range. Therefore it should be a more reliable index of thyroid function than the percentage r...


Objective To observe the temporal and spatial changes of neuronal apoptosis and expression of caspase-3 after human brain contusion at earlier stage. Methods The slides of the contusive tissue of human brain were stained by TUNEL,Caspase-3 immunohistochemistry methods.Image analysis technique was employed. Results ①The positive cells of TUNEL and Caspase-3 immunohistochemistry were distributed in the contusive area and the penumbra area of contusion.The positive staining was striking contrast with distal area or control groups,P0.05.②The rate of positive cells and the IOD of TUNEL increased linearly in penumbra area of contusion in 48 hours after brain injury.There were significances different between groups,P0.05.Furthermore,There were linear relationship between two parameters and the timing of injury.R was 0.89 and 0.93.③The changes of expression of Caspase-3 were parallel to the change of neuronal apoptosis.There was linear relationship too between two parameters and the timing of injury.R was 0.92 and 0.90. Conclusion ①The linearly increase of neuronal apoptosis and expression of Caspase-3 are useful in timing of brain contusion.②The distribution of positive cells of TUNEL and Caspase-3 immunohistochemistry staining hint to locating the contusion in brain,especially it is not discovered by gross examination and H.E staining in the mild brain injury.


, they are proposed to contribute to the permanence of senescent arrest by stably silencing proliferative genes and preventing cell cycle entry. 14 There is some in vivo evidence supporting this, as mice lacking the enzymes responsible for these repressive histone modifications show defective chromatin assembly and increased susceptibility to cancer, suggesting that chromatin changes contribute to the tumor-suppressive role of senescence. 7 The pRB–E2F pathway is a key tumor suppressor pathway that regulates the expression of a number of genes involved in DNA synthesis and cell cycle advancement in response to growth factor stimuli. 15 Many of these proliferative genes are direct targets of E2F transcription factors, which, in turn, are negatively regulated by pRB family proteins. This places the pRB–E2F pathway at the core of the cellular senescence response. Genetic


It is generally taken for granted that our Universe is free of antimatter objects and domains. This certitude has recently been challenged by the possible detection of anti-helium nuclei by AMS-02. Should the observation be confirmed, the existence of nearby antistars would make a plausible hypothesis to explain the origin of the antinuclei. In this paper we use the 10-years Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) gamma-ray source catalog to set constraints on the abundance of antistars around the Sun. We identify in the catalog 14 antistar candidates not associated with any objects belonging to established gamma-ray source classes and with a spectrum compatible with baryon-antibaryon annihilation. We use them along with an estimate of the LAT sensitivity to antistars to set upper limits on the local antistar fraction 5∗̄ with respect to normal stars. We provide parametric limits as a function of the closest antistar mass, velocity, and surrounding matter density. We also employ a novel Monte Carlo method to set limits for a few hypotheses about the antistar population. For a population with properties equivalent to those of regular stars concentrated in the Galactic disk we obtain 5∗̄ < 2.5 × 10−6 at 95% confidence level, which is 20 times more constraining than limits previously available. For a primordial population of antistars distributed in the Galactic halo we obtain new local upper limits which decrease as a function of antistar mass " from 5∗̄ < 0.2 at 95% confidence level for " = 1 " to 5∗̄ < 1.6 × 10−4 at 95% confidence level for " = 10 " . By combining these limits with existing microlensing constraints for lighter objects in the Magellanic clouds, we infer that a primordial population of halo antistars must have a density lower than O(10−5 pc−3) to O(10−2 pc−3) depending on their masses. Our limits can constrain models for the origin and propagation of antinuclei in cosmic rays.


viii CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION I Dissertation organization 2 References 3 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 4 Part I. Primary prevention of atherosclerosis in young adults using dietary interventions 4 Prevalence of atherosclerosis and associated diseases in the United States 4 Importance of early prevention of atherosclerosis 4 Onset of atherosclerosis in adolescence 5 Atherosclerosis is difficult to reverse 6 Hypercholesterolemia a major risk factor of atherosclerosis 7 Role of hypercholesterolemia in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis 8 Dietary approaches to lower cholesterol in the general population 11 Phytosterols effective cholesterol-lowering agents 12 Evidence of phytosterol effectiveness in lowering serum cholesterol 12 Plant sterols and stanols: structure, dietary intakes, and absorption 13 Hypocholesterolemic mechanism of phytosterols 16 Potential adverse effects of phytosterol consumption 18 Research directions 19 References 19 Part n. Primary prevention of obesity in young adults using educational interventions 26 Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States 26 Weight change patterns in adulthood 28 Health and economic consequences of obesity 30 Obesity treatment: success and limitations 33 Dietary interventions 34 Pharmacotherapy 35 Obesity prevention: success and limitations 37 Evidence of the nutrition knowledge-behavior association 39 Nutrition education is a cornerstone of prevention interventions 40 Nutrition education: definition, goals, and research directions 41 Fundamentals of nutrition education 41 Determinants of the information quality 42 Selecting a target audience for primary prevention of obesity 43 Receiver input 43


In view of problems of low efficiency,serious wasting cost and poor safety of existing steel rope damage detection methods which using artificial method to inspect and regularly replacing steel rope,a detection system of solenoid magnetic induction for broken steel wire rope was designed.The detection theory of the system is:when broken wire occurs,the permeability will be reduced accordingly,reluctance increases,and the inductance decreases,and then induced electromotive force will be generated because of the imbalance magnetic field of coil.According to the induced electromotive force,the situation of broken wires can be determined.The experiment results show that the system overcomes defects that traditional electromagnetic detection technology cannot accurately detect internal broken wire rope,and accuracy can reach above 95%.


The experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 during the period from December 2018 to March, 2019 to find out the effect of bio-fertilizer on growth and productivity of soybean varieties. Two factors were used in the experiment, viz . Factor A: varieties 4 (V 1 = Shohag (PB-1), V 2 = BARI Soybean-6, V 3 = Binasoybean-1, V 4 = Binasoybean-5) and Factor B: Biofertilizer level 3 (F 0 = No biofertilizer (control), F 1 = Rizobium (Soybean Ishwardi) and F 2 = Rizobium (Soybean Laxmipur)). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications. Variety, biofertilizers and their interaction had significant effect on plant height, number of branch, number of leaf at different DAS, pods plant -1 , pod length, seeds pod -1 , 100 seeds weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index (%).The highest plant height (18.19, 27.20, 44.45, 54.96 and 57.42 cm, respectively), number of branch plant -1 (2.29, 3.08, 3.58, highest stover yield (16.98), stover yield (4.55 t ha -1 ), biological yield (6.55 t ha -1 ) and harvest index (30.49 %) was observed in variety Binasoybean-5 with the application of Soybean Laxmipur (V 4 × F 2 ) and the lowest stover yield (16.00), stover yield (3.96 t ha -1 ), biological yield (5.53 t ha -1 ) and harvest index (25.34 %) was observed in control with the variety Shohag (PB-1) (V 1 × F 0 ). It has been appeared that Binasoybean-5 with the application of Soybean Laxmipur (V 4 × F 2 ) produces greater yield over treatments still requires further verification under different soybean.


A study is made of an excess electron placed in a perfect Ne crystal subjected to hydrostatic compression. The conduction bands (excess electron energy spectrum) are calculated from first principles using the OPW method. The Phillips-Kleinman potential is constructed using atom-like Wannier functions. At normal pressure the band structure is very similar to that calculated by other methods which involve the expansion of the basis in plane waves and agrees well with available experimental data. As the crystal is compressed the conduction bands are deformed, they become broader in energy, the actual minimum remains in the centre of the Brillouin zone, and the effective mass at this point decreases.

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