In order to accurately evaluate the impact of the IMU structure, the double-degree-of-freedom vibration model of the inertial device is established and deduced. The response displacement and acceleration of inertial devices are maximum when the vibration frequency is close to the natural frequencies of IMU structure and inertial devices. The simulation analysis verifies the consistency of the theoretical derivation. Then the beam-reinforcement theory, the fixed-span-reduction and the support-section-augmentation method are proposed to guide the structural optimization design. The vibration experimental results illustrate that Optimized IMU vibration performance improved by more than twice, compared with the original design.


Dynamics of entanglement transfer from two-mode squeezed field and initially entangled atomic qubit pair to atomic qubits located in remote cavities is examined. Remote qubits become entangled through interaction with two mode squeezed light.


Microteaching has gained a substantial ground for skill development of teacher trainees in developed systems.This exploratory study set out examining the perceptions of prospective teachers about microteaching at graduate level. The intent was to find out their perceptions about the effectiveness and feasibility of microteaching in normal classroom teaching. A semi-standardized instrument measuring the responses of students on five point Likert scale, originally designed by Higher Education Commission, was adopted. The data was collected from the two groups of B.Ed students (Experimental & Control). Comparative analysis of the data in percentages and graphic charts was made. Analysis of the data yielded that both groups were favorable to the effectiveness of the technique in normal classroom conditions. This was regarded an essential tool in the growing technology. Indepth studies in using this technique in training institutions, availability of technological labs, and participatory role of expert group emerged as areas for further research.


Up to now strategies and approaches of solving environmental problems facing the aim of sustainability have been primarily focussed on improving the ecological qualitiy of products, processes and technologies and on the discussion of structural changes in ecologically relevant sectors such as energy use, industry, tourism and traffic policy. Only few emphasis has been placed on the fact that the extent of environmental demands and ecological stresses is not only a consequence of certain factual or structural conditions but it is also essentially determined by varying human behavior patterns. Technologies and structures are not ecologically effective by themselves; their environmental relevance strongly depends on the persons way of acting within the prevailing systems. Accordingly it should become more evident in the political discussion and even in environmental research activities, that apart from technical and structural changes also changes of personal behavior patterns play an important role on the way to sustainability. Recognizing the importance of that perspective psychological and social theories about the generation of personal behavior als well as theoretical models of learning can offer useful indications concerning the intrapersonal and extrapersonal preconditions of environmentally orientated sustainable acting. With reference to the decision-making process of selecting a certain transportation mean the influences of rational and emotional factors and obstacles to ecologically sustainable personal acting should be examplary demonstrated. At the same time very effective points of departure for behavior changing can be identifed.


Preface. The Educated Man. Part 1 Introduction. The Curriculum. Organization and Classification. Aesthetic Education: I Art. II Literature. The Humanities. Part 2 Introduction. Class Teaching. Form of Lesson. Illustrations. Questioning. Time Tables. Examinations. The Special Services. Discipline. Part 3 Introduction. How the Machine Works. Appendix. Examination Questions. Bibliography. Index.


A family of related compounds of general formula (PPh4)2Mn2[Cu(L)]3·nH2O have been synthesized, where PPh4+ is the tetraphenylphosphonium cation and L stands for o-phenylenebis(N'-benzyloxamidate) (PhMe2opbox) (1), o-phenylenebis[N'-(3-phenylpropyl)oxamidate] (PhPr2opbox) (2), and o-phenylenebis[N'-(4-phenylbutyl)oxamidate] (PhBu2opbox) (3). The analysis of the XANES and EXAFS spectra of 3 at both Mn and Cu K-edges reveals the occurrence of an oxamidato-bridged MnIICuII two- or three-dimensional structure with Mn···Cu separation of 5.4 A. Each manganese atom is surrounded by three Cu(L) bisbidentate entities which define an octahedral MnO6 environment, while each copper atom is in an essentially square-planar CuN4 surrounding. The magnetic properties of the three compounds have been investigated in the 1.8−300 K temperature range. Compounds 1−3 show characteristic ferrimagnetic behavior with a minimum in the χT versus T plot, and abrupt ferromagnetic phase transition below a critical temperature Tc equal ...


The most fatal and frequent cancer amongst women is breast cancer. Mammography provides timely detection of lumps and masses in breast tissue, but effective diagnosis requires accurately identifying malignant tumor boundaries, which remains challenging, particularly for images with inhomogeneous regions. Therefore, we propose an active contour method based on a reformed combined local and global fitted function to address breast tumor segmentation. This combined function is strengthened by a proposed average energy driving function to capture obscure boundaries for regions of interest more precisely from inhomogeneous images. Including a p-Laplace term eliminates reinitialization requirements and suppresses false contours in the segmentation. Bias field signal, which causes image homogeneity corruption, is estimated by bias field initialization to ensure independence from the initial contour position. Local and global fitted models are incorporated by introducing bias fields within them. The proposed method was tested on the MIAS MiniMammographic Database, with quantitative analysis to calculate its accuracy, effectiveness, and efficiency. Experimentation confirmed the proposed method provided superior results compared with previous state-of-the-art methods.


Does quantum physics apply on all scales? I describe recent theoretical and experimental work on the creation and detection of micro-macro entanglement involving single photons and intense light beams.


A theoretical analysis is made of the nonlinearities of the intensity modulation response of the optical directional coupler, as a function of bias point for the case of phase-mismatch modulation, and the results are compared with those of interferometric modulators. The interferometric, standard 2*2 directional coupler and the 1*2 y-fed directional coupler modulators are shown to exhibit very similar intermodulation distortion effects. At 4% optical modulation depth, the third-order intermodulation products are -74 dB, -72 dB, and -73.6 dB respectively, below the carrier level. >


The impact of climate change is a global event. Its significant role in the climate system altered meteorological parameters over geographical locations. MISR satellite data have shown that climatic variability has impact on rainfall and surface vegetation; and increased aerosol loading and solar radiation. This research comparatively compared the meteorological parameters as well as its potentially accruable energy. The dataset was obtained from the automatic weather station (AWS). The location of research is Ota, southwest region of Nigeria. The research recommends that a more sophisticated technology may be required to boost wind and solar energy generation in the area.


Polymer semiconductors with mobilities exceeding 10 cm2 V−1 s−1, especially ambipolar and n‐type polymer semiconductors, are still rare, although they are of great importance for fabricating polymer field‐effect transistors (PFETs) toward commercial high‐grade electronics. Herein, two novel donor−acceptor copolymers, PNFFN‐DTE and PNFFN‐FDTE, are designed and synthesized based on the electron‐deficient bisisoindigo (NFFN) and electron‐rich dithienylethylenes (DTE or FDTE). The copolymer PNFFN‐DTE, containing NFFN and DTE, possesses a partially locked polymeric conjugated backbone, whereas PNFFN‐FDTE, containing NFFN and FDTE, has a fully locked one. Fluorine atoms in FDTE not only induce the formation of additional CH∙∙∙F hydrogen bonds, but also lower frontier molecular orbitals for PNFFN‐FDTE. Both PNFFN‐DTE and PNFFN‐FDTE form more ordered molecular packing in thin films prepared from a polymer solution in bicomponent solvent containing 1,2‐dichlorobenzene (DCB) and 1‐chloronaphthalene (with volume ratio of 99.2/0.8) than pure DCB. The two copolymers‐based flexible PFETs exhibit ambipolar charge‐transport properties. Notably, the bicomponent solvent‐processed PNFFN‐FDTE‐based PFETs afford a high electron mobility of 16.67 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is the highest electron‐transport mobility for PFETs reported so far. The high electron mobility of PNFFN‐FDTE is attributed to its fully locked conjugated backbone, dense molecular packing, and much matched LUMO energy level.


The Zimm‐Bragg theory is extended to treat the melting of the triple helix poly (A + 2U) for a solution with a 1 : 2 mole ratio of poly A to poly U. Only the case for long chains is considered. For a given set of parameters the theory predicts the fraction of segments in the triple helix, double helix, and random coil states as a function of temperature.


This study is among the first research that develops an instrument to measure Internet Banking Service (IBS) quality in Malaysian context based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and nine service quality dimensions. The objective of this research is to highlight the weaknesses and strengths of IBS quality dimensions from Malaysian users' perspectives in order to increase the adoption of IBS. Five hundred and forty seven questionnaires were distributed and collected from the Klang Valley area in Selangor state. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study results show that Malaysian Internet Banking users' have attitudes and intentions of using IBS (mean rating more than 3.00). Furthermore, Malaysians users realize the advantages of using IBS by giving high mean ratings for service quality dimensions to ease of use, competence, product/service portfolio, reliability, security/privacy, and relative advantage. However, other dimensions such as response and contact, efficiency, and enjoyment obtained relatively low mean ratings as indictor of users' behavioral intentions towards IBS. Implications and suggestions for future research were given.


Where did the notion of proportions in architecture go? The article discusses the concept of proportional systems and questions their relevance in today's architecture. "Proportion" is traced back in time through the history of mathematics, starting with the fulfilment of practical needs in planning and design. The idealization of numbers and ratios, as "perfect" numbers and ratios, were done by the theorists. This axiomatic theoretical mathematics was often intermixed with speculative, cosmological variants, belonging to a tradition calling itself universal, abstract and general. Craftsmen, on the other hand, seldom wrote down their constructive mathematics which was based on their experiences. The paper concludes that systems of proportions may be used, with or without adhering to a neoplatonic view of the world.


We report a woman in whom a slow‐growing scotochromogenic strain of Mycobacterium was cultured from skin lesions. According to its phenotypic and biochemical characteristics we could predict only that it might be M. szulgai, M. scrofulaceum or M. gordonae. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of the hsp65 gene and subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis on the isolated strain showed that its restriction pattern differed from both M. scrofulaceum and other scotochromogenic species. Ninety‐nine per cent similarity was detected between the isolated strain and M. gordonae by sequencing of the hsp65 gene. This result suggests that the isolated strain may be either a slow‐growing scotochromogenic Mycobacterium most resembling M. gordonae or a novel mycobacterial species.


ABSTRACT This empirical study tests the relations between employee turnover and the organizational dimensions of service climate, comparing nationals and foreign nationals in the international brand Russian hotel industry. This study extends the geographic scope of employee turnover to the undertested Russian context. Responses were analyzed using a partial least squares model. Results show that nationals' and foreign nationals' responses to model variables diverge. Job insecurity directly affects the turnover intentions of Russian nationals, while its effect for foreign nationals was indirect through organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Compounded indirect effects of turnover antecedents and service climate dimensions are also examined and discussed.


The paper has identified the essence of the stress testing of the insurance company according to results of the morphological analysis. There was developed the classification of methods of stress testing for insurers used in national and international practice. Main risks of insurance companies' activities were analyzed. The authors identified, that the main risks of insurance companies are insurance, market, credit and operational. Examples of stress scenarios for the main types of risks of insurance companies were presented. The authors identified the main requirements of the Directive of EU Solvency II, the Standards and Principles of the International Association of Insurance Supervisors in stress testing of insurers. There were developed recommendations to the adaptation of European requirements in stress testing of insurance companies on the insurance market of Ukraine. The economic–mathematical model of stress testing of the insurance risk impact on the activities of the insurance company was developed.


The design of control system with PLC as core for cigarette confection is introduced.The elements of confection control and the realizations of main function of the system are analyzed.The application of PLC in the system and the design method of its software and hardware are discussed.The results of application show that the system functions,control performance and precision are close to the advanced level of the same kind of products of the company abroad.It gains a good economic profit after operation.


The quantification of inspection randomization models within the context of international safeguards is extended to include the possibility of false alarms associated with measurement errors. Results are used to refine a fuel cycle approach based on randomization of verification across nuclear facilities (the reduced frequency unannounced verification model). Earlier conclusions regarding the usefulness of the model as a means to conserve inspection resources and to reduce safeguards intrusiveness are confirmed.


The human heart is a cardiac muscular organ which pumps blood through blood vessels to various tissues and organs for their function and also carries oxygen and other nutrients to tissues. The heart geometry is very complex and function of heart also plays major role in all kinds of animals for survival and carryout all kinds of functions. Investigating the biomechanical behaviour of a soft artificial heart model is a hard task as such things are very complicated in terms of both material properties and geometry. This work is focused on modelling of soft material heart model and study of static and Dynamic behaviour with easily operable, full-size. Theatrical heart model was designed using Creo Parametric 5.0 software. The developed model was further analyzed by the boundary condition such as Total Deformation, Principal stress, Maximum principle stresses and Elastic strain for five different case studies for various pressures at ventricle chamber and Expansion Chamber. The developed model can be used for further Numerical simulation and investigation of the artificial heart were implemented using Creo Parametric 5.0 and ANSYS, with different Bio-Compatible materials such as Silicon Elastomers, Teflon (PTFE), Polyethylene, Graphene, Carbon fiber. The biomechanical modelling and analysis of the soft artificial heart were implemented using the finite element modelling in ANSYS.


We present square systolic arrays for per- forming a class of matrix permutations. This class can be described by the composition of two basic operations, namely (clockwise) rotation by 90°, and horizontal reflec- tion about the middle column. Four different arrays are presented: in-place reflection, in-place rotation, and on-the- fly versions of these that permute the matrix as it is being loaded into the array. These operations can be implemented very efficiently with local only control. The time bounds for each of the operations is optimal. We anticipate thzt such transformations will have practical applications in fast ma- nipulation of frame buffers and in image processing, as well as in interfacing diferent systolic arrays.


I yield to no one in my admiration for and appreciation of what the scientists have accomplished in the last few centuries as well as back in the days of the Greeks. Nonetheless there are certain questions that perennially recur. One might readily say that scientists have not yet reached the proper answers, but judging from what they have already accomplished satisfactory answers will be forthcoming in the revolving years. That is too facile a reply. On some things we want real answers now. To put off fairly adequate explanations until some future limbo is wholly unsatisfactory. At the outset we need to make earnest with the term "science." We are bombarded with the cry "Science", "Science", but what is it? A number of years ago I began a new course on "The Principles of Science." It seemed wise to find out the meaning of the term. I asked the fifteen or twenty bright students in the class to look up "science" in dictionaries, encyclopedias, and current textbooks. They were to do the work wholly independently of one another. The result was amazing. Fully eighty per cent of the definitions were individually different. I tried the same experiment several successive years with the same result. In another institution to which I removed the results were the same. The reason for this diversity was that only a few of the definitions were constructed logically. Most of them were descriptions. A logical definition gives the proximate genus and difference. "A square is a rectangle with equal sides" is strictly logical. Choosing knowledge as the proximate genus, we may say that scientific knowledge is any body of knowledge fairly well organized that results from using a special method in any field of phenomena fairly homogeneous. The method we usually speak of as the "complete scientific method." One result of such a definition is that science in its first stages is subjective, which seems absurd. Hardly any term in scientific circles occurs more frequently than "objective." This seems to point to something outside one's self. Strictly every science is a complex of judgments expressed in propositional forms, and judgments, when first formulated, are in the mind. "Objective" means "without prejudice" which has always been and still is characteristic of every genuine scientist. It is true that what the scientist deals with is generally outside himself, although it might be an object within his own mind, but the judgment he expresses is generated within his mind. I need to deal next with epistemology, or theory of knowledge. There are many such theories, but unless the reader knows the writer's point of view, what he reads is enveloped in a murky cloud of uncertainty. In general the theory I have used for many years is known as critical realism. As one writer has put it "the upshot of centuries of discussion has resulted in the recognition of two factors in knowledge-the knowing mind and the thing known." As I have treated the matter elsewhere, I cannot organize my total mental content except upon the assumption that there is a real distinction among


In the practical operation of the Beijing metro systems, cyclic timetables are used, where the dwell times for all train services are the same for a station during the whole day. Since the passenger demand in peak hours is much higher than that of the off-peak hours, the scheduled dwell times for train services in the off-peak hours are in general a few seconds or even more than 10 seconds longer than the required (or valid) dwell times. The difference between the scheduled dwell time and the valid dwell time is called the dwell time supplement. A train regulation approach is proposed to use the dwell time supplements sufficiently, where the dwell times for train services in the off-peak hours are shortened due to the small number of boarding and alighting passengers. The dwell time supplements are then added to the running times of the next interval (i.e., the section between two consecutive stations). The resulting longer running times can reduce the energy consumption of the metro line. Based on the distribution of the dwell time supplements, the running times corresponding to different running grades in Automatic Train Supervision (ATS) systems are determined for different intervals to minimize the total energy consumption during a day. Based on the operational data, a case study for the Beijing Yizhuang line is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


To develop a more robust understanding of K-12 educators' perceptions of the positive and negative attributes of coaches, this study uses a grounded theory approach to analyze survey data completed by 163 K-12 Mathematics and English Language Arts educators after participating in an intensive 3-month professional learning community (PLC) project organized by Learnzillion, Inc. PLCs of 3-10 teachers and one coach spent 3-months researching the Common Core State Standards and creating instructional and assessment resources aligned with the CCSS. Results suggest that teachers appreciate coaches that set high expectations for their work and help them meet these high expectations by providing them with clear and consistent feedback that includes constructive criticism. Additionally, teachers value coaches with expertise who are personable and see their role as thought-partners aimed at guiding them without robbing them of their creativity or autonomy. Alternatively, teachers do not appreciate coaches who fail to provide


n the preproteomic age, one of the best was tentative and that I approaches for deciphering the physiopossible (2). Despite th logical role of an unknown gene product database entries for th( was to examine the phenotype of mutant from E. coli and for the ] strains and take educated guesses for its tein in related organism function that would guide biochemical exparently upgraded "in sil perimentation. Such a process could take designated as protopor months to years to accomplish. In the dase (see below). At the proteomic age, the best initial approach is analysis, no clear hom to use a computer to compare the deduced were found in the databa amino acid sequence of the gene product correct sequence was kn with those of proteins of known function, N-terminal 203 residues and with luck, one might get to the same residues (2). place in seconds to minutes! But what By 1999, biochemical happens when the results of these two ies revealed that the he approaches don't appear to make any peared to have no pro sense with each other? activity at all (4). So wh This issue of PNAS presents an article doing? With the correct i by Nakahigashi et al. (1) that shows how a acid sequence of Hem] gene product originally identified by its tremendous growth of [ mutant phenotype as an enzyme of heme databases, two things w biosynthesis and then by sequence simiFirst, HemK homologs larity as a possible DNA adenine-N-6wide variety of specie methyltransferase actually functions as a negative and Gram-posit protein glutamine methyltransferase modmice and humans. ulating the termination activity of release Second, the HemK factors (RFs) in ribosomal protein synthesequence is in fact resis! It provides a nice case study for lated to a large family why one can't rest until the biochemistry of S-adenosylmethiis done. onine-dependent The hemK gene of Escherichia coli origmethyltransferases inally was described in 1995 from a genetic (4). Particularly inscreen designed to reveal new types of triguing was the presheme synthesis mutants (2). Here, one ence in HemK of an mutation in a light-resistant revertant of a NPPY sequence, up to light-sensitive hemHporphyrin-deficient stricted to members of strain was mapped to a locus in an operon DNA methyltransferases consisting of the hemA gene encoding 6-amino group of adenin, glutamyl-tRNA reductase, catalyzing the in bacterial modificati first committed step of the heme synthesis ferases (5). This result pathway, and the apparently unrelated HemK may be a nove prfA gene encoding peptidyl RF1, with a adenine methyltransfera transcriptional order of hemA-prfA-hemK considerable similarity (2 (2,3). HemKmutant cells were found to be 204 residues, including t unable to make heme from 5-aminolevualso was noted with an ur linate (2). The presence of 5-aminolevuphenylalanine methyltra linate dehydratase and porphobilinogen Streptomyces species invw deaminase activities in the mutant, as well synthesis of the antibio as the accumulation of porphyrin inter(6). At this point, it s mediates in the mutants, led to the sugneeded to go back to sc gestion that the hemK product might be a exactly what function Hel subunit of protoporphyrinogen oxidase, in cell physiology. The si the enzyme catalyzing the final formation in the field at this point i: of protoporphyrin IX in the heme biosynin the variety of desigr thetic pathway (2). The authors made it homologs that come up i clear, however, that such an assignment of the E. coli gene proc


Based on the principle of amplitude method and phase method,the laser is used to irradiate the mixture of soil and sand and record the temperature of different layers of the mixture,and draw the graph.The conclusion is that in dry conditions,according to the depth first-order temperature wave theory,when the material has a bigger thermal diffusivity,the wave energy can transmit to the deep layers of the material.On the contrary,the temperature wave does not spread to the deeper layers,so that the material surface temperature vary greatly,heating up and cooling the material quickly.


Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing in Global Virtual Teams: A Case Study of Statoil's Heavy Oil Water Management Team in Norway and Canada


The construction of knowledge model is a key technology of knowledge management. The ontology has been widely applied in some areas,such as intelligent search,so the ERP sand table simulation knowledge model based on ontology can effectively improve the effectiveness of knowledge retrieval,knowledge sharing and utilization,which will improve teaching effect further. On the basis of analysis of ERP sand table simulation relevant knowledge,referencing to seven-step method of ontology building,firstly capture the concepts and relationships between concepts in the simulation process,then build the ontology model and the individuals,at last check the consistency of the model and test the model reasoning.


An exposition on a new regulatory theory; Common law courts as regulators – the judiciary as a regulatory mechanism. In this paper the author ascribes to the judiciary/courts specific regulatory powers with regards to fundamental rights, the Bill of Rights and upholding and adjudicating constitutional norms. Via judicial regulation, courts can exercise power outside of the lis in disputes of distinction.


Two new marine pyrazine derivatives, clavulazols A (4) and B (5), were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of the soft coral Clavularia viridis collected in Taiwan. The structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis, especially 2D NMR as well as chemical conversion.


This writing is a survey on Shin Seog-jeong's rhetoric strategies presented in his before liberation poetic works. In his early poems, he stuck to the honorific formation appropriate for praising Western pastures. Grounded on the past regressive view of time, he tried to think the conditions of reality into conceptual factors. However, the ever-worsening conditions of his times extended the distance him and his ideal world Hence, he abolished the honorific and epistle writing styles and chose one proper to describing the objective conditions. Following, he realized the truth that nature of colony was warped by foreign forceful occupation and returned to a specific reality after leaving 'the distant land'. On its shadow, the map discovered while he appreciated an oriental drawing called 'SanSooDo(『山水圖』)' was seated. After discovering the map, he was able to confirm the invasive desires of the imperialists when the experience of reading during the age of literary youth drew to feature a poetic figure who will destroy the colonial reality. In the background of his excluding the abstractive factors while holding onto the dream toward a 'distant land', various rhetoric strategies are being worked upon. Therefore, for Shin Suk-Jung's poems, it is important to complexly inspect the rhetoric devises set between the lines of the work while shunning monolinear research.


Reading a paragraph requires mentally phrasing the individual words, putting them into meaningful linguistic units. In speech, phrasing is provided by the speaker through intonation, pitch and juncture (Fries, 1963; Kleiman and Schallert, 1978; Lefevre, 1964). However, the reading task requires the reader to "chunk" disparate word units into phrases that have meaning, for words have meaning only in phrases. Punctuation is but a poor substitute for the phrasing required in reading. Consider this sentence: "The twelve mountain climbers were five hundred feet from the summit of snow-covered Mt. Adams


Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of hospitalization. There are few tools to accurately identify patients at high risk for unplanned admission in the outpatient setting. We used m...


Objective To study the prevalence of an outbreak caused by S. paratyphi A, and analyze the epidemiological feature and potential risk factors. Methods Epidemiological survey and sample collection were performed by epidemiologist among febrile patients. Environmental investigation was conducted at the site of outbreak. Data collected from the filed site and laboratory has been analyzed using methods of descriptive epidemiology and hygienic statistics. Results A total of 322 cases of paratyphoid fever A have been found in this outbreak, with an attack rate of 9.21%. 321 were student cases, and 1 was food handler. The attack rate was significantly higher in boarders( 14.38%), compared to day students( 0.29%)(P0.01). A higher attack rate has been also found in male (12.45%), compared to female(6.02%)(P 0.01). The outbreak with two peaks has lasted 36 days' duration. Among 41 S. paratyphi. A isolated in this outbdreak, 20 were from blood and 2 from stool samples of febrile patients, and 19 from rectal swabs of the students without signs and symptoms of paratyphoid fever. 23 out of 41 isolates were sensitive to 18 classes of common antimicrobial agents. The occurrence of the epidemic was due to lacking safe water supply, poor sanitation at school refectory and poor personal hygiene, such as unboiled-water drinking. The transmission was likely to occur via contaminated water at early outbreak, whereas to occur at late outbreak by contacting patients or carriers. Conclusion The most important interventions to prevent outbreak of paratyphoid include strengthening management of both sources of water supply and hygiene systems at refectory, monitoring and improving personal hygiene of students. Strict and effective measures taking place at early epidemic and funds investment are considered as the assurance of prompt outbreak control.


A novel multifunctional superabsorbent composite from acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), sodium humate (SH) and organo-attapulgite (organo-APT), PAA-AM/SH/organo-APT, was synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization, using N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. The organification of APT with hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMABr) was proved by FT-IR. The effects of organo-APT (HDTMA-APT) content in the superabsorbent composite and organification degree of it on water absorbency of the superabsorbent composite were studied. The effects of incorporated HDTMA-APT on swelling rate, water absorbency in various saline solutions and reswelling capability of the superabsorbent composite were also investigated. The results indicate that organification of APT had a remarkable influence on swelling behaviors of the superabsorbent composites. Comparing with the composite doped with APT, water absorbency for the composite incorporated with 10 wt% HDTMA-APT was enhanced from 996 to 1282 g g−1 in distilled water and from 63 to 68 g g−1 in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution, respectively. The superabsorbent composite acquired its highest water absorbency when the organification degree of APT was 8.02 wt%. Water absorbency of the composites in various saline solutions decreased with the increasing concentration, especially for the multivalent cations. In addition, swelling rate and reswelling capability of the superabsorbent composite were also improved by introducing HDTMA-APT into the composite compared with that of incorporating APT. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this paper, we discuss local averages of the energy density for the non-minimally coupled scalar quantum field, extending a previous investigation of the classical field. By an explicit example, we show that such averages are unbounded from below on the class of Hadamard states. This contrasts with the minimally coupled field, which obeys a state-independent lower bound known as a quantum energy inequality (QEI). Nonetheless, we derive a generalized QEI for the non-minimally coupled scalar field, in which the lower bound is permitted to be state-dependent. This result applies to general globally hyperbolic curved spacetimes for coupling constants in the range 0 < ξ ⩽ 1/4. We analyse the state dependence of our QEI in four-dimensional Minkowski space and show that it is a non-trivial restriction on the averaged energy density in the sense that the lower bound is of lower order, in energetic terms, than the averaged energy density itself.


Part I. § 1. An observant traveller on the Edinburgh and Glasgow line, when passing the picturesque and historical old town of Linlithgow, may have noticed, standing out in bold relief against the northern sky, a swelling hill, covered with patches of plantation, and surmounted by a sharp-pointed and conspicuous monument, which forms a marked feature in the surrounding landscape. Behind this hill, which is variously designated Irongath, Glowrowrem, or Bonnytoun Hill, lies the ancient seaport town of Borrowstounness, while all around are to be seen dark refuse-heaps, pithead frames, and smoking chimneys, clearly betokening the Carboniferous nature of the district. Here and there a dark brown escarpment may be seen peeping from under the soil, or forming the step-like terraces from which the old term ‶trap″ is derived. It is to these escarpments and the rocks to which they owe their origin, that I now propose drawing attention. § 2. The only good books giving a detailed account of the geology of this district are the ‶Memoirs″ accompanying sheets 31 and 32 of the Geological Survey Maps, which embrace the small coalfield of Borrowstounness. It is, of course, far from my intention to interfere in any way with the information contained in these valuable pamphlets; the following remarks, which are chiefly founded on personal observation, are intended to record some facts hitherto unpublished, together with a few legitimate deductions from these facts regarding the Borrowstounness Volcanic Rocks. § 3. The strata containing the coal seams worked in the neighbourhood


The CRREL Multi-Increment Sampling Tool (CMIST) was developed to facilitate collecting multi-increment soil samples. The design is simple yet flexible, enabling the investigator to configure the tool to meet the collection needs of the sampling plan. This manual describes the tool, how to use the tool, and how to maintain the tool in the field. ERDC/CRREL TN-09-2ERDC/CRREL SR-09-1 ii


The active layer morphology with domain size of 10-20 nm and large interfacial area plays a significant role in governing the device power conversion efficiency (PCE) of semitransparent polymer solar cells (ST-PSCs). However, the unbalanced aggregation rate of polymer donor and near infrared non-fullerene acceptor led to a large phase separation domain. In order to inhibit the intense aggregation of non-fullerene acceptor, a third component which increases the nucleation and growth barrier of non-fullerene acceptor can be added to balance aggregation and leading to a suitable domain size of donor and acceptors. In order to verify our idea, PTB7-Th and non-fullerene acceptor IEICO-4F was selected as a model system. IEICO-4F tends to form strong aggregation due to its planar conformation. In order to suppress the its intense aggregation, an amorphous molecule NCBDT-4Cl which has good miscibility with IEICO-4F is added to increase the nucleation barrier of IEICO-4F because NCBDT-4Cl can be dispersed evenly in IEICO-4F phase. In situ UV-vis absorption spectra were employ to monitor the nucleation and growth process of IEICO-4F during the drying process. The results show that the growth time of IEICO-4F is reduced to 45 s from 122 s by incorporating 20 wt% NCBDT-4Cl, resulting in reduced aggregation of IEICO-4F. The small IEICO-4F aggregates disperse in PTB7-Th matrix and form refined bicontinuous pathways. The optimized ternary ST-PSCs achieve a PCE of 10.31% with the average visible transmittance (AVT) of 20.6%.


Human instinct in general is for the safety of life activity. Men are species-being. The living nature of species has showed a complete, all-round and realistic view on human nature. The animal is the one with its natural activity. When the animal is put aside, men are species-being. When life actualises species, humans have social instincts. When society is materialized, humans have labor instincts. When we scientify labor, humans have the instincts of a God. To actualize God is the purpose, the object of science. The science about humans is true science. Will is meaningless. Article visualizations:


There is described history and elements of low-cost air transport in beginning of this bachelor thesis. Core of the thesis is analysis of current status using comparison of European low-cost carriers. Finally there are analysed next scenarios which could come true in next evolution of this branch.


RESULTS: The case mix was representative of all head and neck tumor sites and stages. Suspicion of recurrence was noted in 10% (n96/951) of patients seen routinely. This rose to 68% (n60/88) for the subset of patients who had requested an appointment. Most recurrences were found within the first follow-up year. Only 0.3% (n3/1039) of asymptomatic patients attending routine appointments were suspected of having a recurrence, of whom 2 (0.2%) were found to have an actual recurrence following investigation. Of the total number of patients reporting a new symptom, recurrence was suspected in 56% (n152/270). Patients thus had 98.1% sensitivity to raising suspicion for a recurrence based on the reporting of new symptoms with a 99.6% negative predictive value. CONCLUSION: Our data shows that the efficiency of the current system of routine follow-ups at detecting suspected recurrence of head and neck cancer is 10%, suggesting the need for a customized, more focused follow-up regime, tailored to individual cases. Patient education and close relationships with clinicians and allied health-care professionals are essential for early diagnosis and management of cancer recurrence. Follow-up within the first year should be most intensive as recurrence is most likely within this time, and it serves to alleviate patient anxiety in the early post-treatment period.


This article analyzes the development of the suburban model in the Sunbelt cities in the decades after the 1973 oil crisis, especially in the 1980s and 1990s. Paradoxically, in a moment when the economic crisis and the publication of the Meadows Report were expanding the ecologist sensibility all over the world, the Sunbelt continued supporting the suburban model, already discredited as unsustainable. The article studies the reasons of this success, mainly the insertion of office uses in the new suburbs, as well as the resulting environmental crisis at the end of the 1990s. It also analyzes the proposals of the "smart growth" movement in order to correct the most unsustainable aspects of the suburban model, and the counter-arguments of its defenders. Finally, the article considers that the wide social consensus that this model has in the Sunbelt has an ideological and economic basis.


In the structured peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, distributed lookup protocol Chord can effectively solve the problem of resource location. However, because the routing table in Chord suffers serious information redundancy and the lookup direction of Chord is only clockwise, it is not very efficient. Therefore, a routing algorithm BNN-Chord (Bidirectional Neighbor's Neighbor Chord) based on NN-Chord (Neighbor's Neighbor Chord) is proposed in this paper. In order to improve lookup efficiency, BNN-Chord adds the coverage and finger density of routing table and repetitious entries are deleted, meanwhile, it introduces bidirectional routing mechanism. Simulation experiments show that our algorithm can remarkably reduce the average lookup path length compared with Chord and can improve system performance.


Eight cation radical salts based on halogenated tetraselenafulvalene (TSeF) derivatives, dibromo(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene (DBrETSe) and diiodo(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene (DIETSe), were prepared using magnetic and non-magnetic MX4 counter anions (M = Fe, Ga; X = Cl, Br). Crystal structures of the DBrETSe salts depend on the halogen species on the MX4 counter anion. The MCl4 salts of DBrETSe are isostructural and crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Ibam and those of the MBr4 salts crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/c. On the other hand, all four MX4 salts of DIETSe are isostructural and crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Ibam. In all eight crystals, donor molecules form a so-called β-type molecular arrangement and characteristic halogen bonds between the halogen atoms on the edge of the donor molecules and those of the counter anions are observed. (DBrETSe)2MX4 (M = Fe, Ga; X = Cl, Br) show stable metallic behaviour down to 4.2 K. This is in contrast to their iodinated analogues (DIETSe)2MCl4 (M = Fe, Ga), which show a metal–semiconductor transition at 11 K for the FeCl4 salt and at 12 K for the GaCl4 salt. No metal–semiconductor transition is observed for (DIETSe)2GaBr4, which contains the non-magnetic anion, but the transition is observed at 7.2 K for the corresponding FeBr4 salt, which contains a magnetic anion, indicating that the metal–semiconductor transition of (DIETSe)2FeBr4 correlates to the π–d electronic interaction through the I⋯Br halogen bonds. Antiferromagnetic orderings of d spins of the FeX4 anions are observed in (DBrETSe)2FeX4 and (DIETSe)2FeX4 (X = Cl, Br). In contrast to the low Neel temperature (TN
 ≈ 2.5 K) of the FeCl4 salts, the antiferromagnetic orderings occur at relatively high temperatures, i.e.TN = 7.5 K for (DBrETSe)2FeBr4 and TN = 7.0 K for (DIETSe)2FeBr4. Since the metallic state of (DBrETSe)2FeBr4 remains below TN, this salt is classified as a novel antiferromagnetic organic metal. On the other hand, the antiferromagnetic ordering of the d spins in (DIETSe)2FeBr4 takes place cooperatively with the metal–semiconductor transition around 7 K. These antiferromagnetic orderings of the d spins between the FeX4 anions cannot be explained by direct anion–anion interactions because of their long halogen⋯halogen distances between the FeX4 anions, and the importance of the π–d interaction between the donors and the counter anions through the halogen bonds is strongly suggested.


Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) play an important role in inflammation, immune responses, and tissue repair by secreting interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). We investigated the regulation of IL‐1β gene expression in human PMN treated with granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). GM‐CSF induced IL‐1β mRNA accumulation at 0.1 ng/ml and maximal induction was observed at 1 ng/ml. IL‐1β mRNA levels reached a maximum within 1–2 h after stimulation with GM‐CSF and returned to baseline levels by 4–6 h. The time course of IL‐1β mRNA induction by GM‐CSF was more protracted than previously reported for PMN stimulated with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α, 10 ng/ml). Nuclear run‐on analysis indicated that GM‐CSF, like TNF, increases IL‐1β transcription. Kinetic studies with the RNA synthesis inhibitor, actinomycin D, showed that GM‐CSF induces stable IL‐1β mRNA. Cycloheximide enhanced the IL‐1β mRNA accumulation by GM‐CSF at the level of mRNA stabilization, but blocked IL‐1β mRNA expression by TNF. Thus, GM‐CSF increases IL‐1β message accumulation in PMN at both the transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels by mechanisms that are different from TNF induction of IL‐1β gene expression.


In book 1 of the Treatise,1 Hume directs his attention to two sets of concepts; one of these sets is what I think of as the "basic epistemological set" and the other as the "basic metaphysical or ontological set." Except for the idea of personal identity, the First Inquiry2 addresses the same arrays of concerns. Within the "epistemological set" we find discussions ofknowledge, belief, origin of ideas, etc.; within the "metaphysical set" are seen space, time, identity, cause and effect, uniformity of nature, external objects and so on.3 For the first (epistemological) set, Hume constructs a mode of analysis which depends crucially on the provenance of an idea or concept. That is, as it does for art historians today, authenticity or truth depends on how the thing in question came into your possession. Hume announces not only that every simple idea depends on and comes from its simple impression, but that the full understandingofa complex idea requires first factoring it into its simple components and then tracing them back to their impressions. Understanding is, so to speak, like displaying the family tree. It turns out that all of the members of the "metaphysical" set have dubious parentage. Even if one grants the accuracy and adequacy of Hume's factoring, we are left facing his demonstrations that for each metaphysical concept there are at least some elements with no clear ancestry from single impressions. In this wayHume directs our attention tohis quest for how such ideas (or such elements within ideas) are ever come by. Why do we attribute identity? How canwe assume there isa necessary connection and apower?What can possibly bring us to imagine, even, that anything can be independent of our perceptions? And so on. All of this is not only at the heart ofthe Humean enterprise in book 1 ofthe Treatise ami the First Inquiry but is well-known to anyone even modestly familiar with Hume's writings. The result of his powerful analyses is that these mysterious, illegitimate elements in the metaphysical concepts are generated within subjects exposed to repeated instances of, for example, pairings in time or place, similar sightings after temporal lapses and so on. The processes by which we


Interreligious dialogue possesses external and internal critical functions.Such dialog promotes a new resolution for sustainable community as stable and dynamic interreligious understanding and its application are gained among the plural society. The objective of the study is to reveal whether the interreligious dialogue is potential in managing conflict prevention. The research uses multi case single-site exsploratory case study. Primary data was collected through observation as well as snowballing technique indepth interview conducted to village leaders and religious leader in PunduhPidada, District of Pesawaran in which the community is religiously diversed. They come from various religions; Islam, Christian and Catholic.While secondary data is obtained through document analysis of various religious books, holy books and any documents related to the study. Data was qualitatively analyzed by the helping of NVIVO 10 software.Of the analysis, it is revealed that (i) the interreligious dialogue occurs through social activities, (ii) community habits and awareness in doing teamwork, (iii) support of both village leaders and religious leaders. The findings of the study is correlated with theories and previous research findings that the interreligious dialogue can be a reference in creating peace, harmony, tranquility and respect among the diversed community.


A description is presented of the results of an analysis of the presently available data on the variation of the ozone absorption cross section and the O(1D) yield with temperature. The data used in the analysis of the total ozone cross section were obtained by Inn and Tanaka (1953), Vigroux (1953), and Simons et al. (1973). The O(1D) yield data examined include those of Moortgat et al. (1977), Arnold et al. (1977), and Brock and Watson (1980). For the purposes of the analysis the yield measurements were converted to partial cross sections by multiplying the published yield by the published total cross section.


Based on the small signal model of full-bridge phase-shifted DC/DC converter,the double closed-loop control system of stabilized current switching power supply is developed to derive its structure and mathematic model.The control system is revised by Matlab software.According to the double closed-loop control system,controlled circuit is designed based on UC3875.Final simulation and experimental results show that the double closed-loop control system is steady and quite practicable.


A micro-hollow cathode discharge was used to generate radiation on the chlorine atom resonance lines. Such radiation could be used to measure, by resonance absorption spectroscopy, the density of chlorine atoms in either ground state (3p5 2P3/2) or in the fine structure metastable state (3p5 2P1/2), which is located at 882.35 cm−1. Among the nine analysed lines in the 132–142 nm spectral region, only those at 137.953 and 139.653 nm, which are strong enough and are not affected by the self-absorption, can be used for the resonance absorption diagnostic of the ground state and the metastable state, respectively. The best operating conditions of the lamp source are 0.5% of Cl2 in argon at 150 mbar and 4 mA discharge current. The measured 800 ± 30 K gas temperature of the microplasma, indicates that under these specific conditions, these two lines are dominantly Doppler broadened. So their profile is Gaussian shaped with full widths at half maximum of (4.7 ± 0.1) × 10−4 nm.


The experiment was carried out on fine uniform sand and fine uniform humus sand. Soil samples were collected from the surface of forest dirt roads located in the Note ć Primeval Forest. Portland cement and multi-component Portland cement were used for stabilization. Cement-soil mixtures were prepared with four doses (3, 6, 9, 12%) of both cements. Samples for strength tests were stored under conditions of optimum humidity, water saturation, freezing and thawing. Testing results were compared to strength criteria for road surfaces according to Polish Standard PN-S-96012, 1997. Generally it was found that both soils, especially humus sand, are dif-ficult to stabilize with cements. Portland cement exhibited 2-times better stabilization effects in comparison to multi-component cement. Mixes showed high water resistance and low freeze resistance. For the lower layer of reinforced subgrade compression strength criteria were met by fine humus sand with a 9% addition of Portland cement and fine sand with a 9% addition of multicomponent cement. For the upper layer of reinforced subgrade strength criteria were met only by the mixture of fine sand with a 12% addition of Portland cement. Further tests are required using larger doses of Portland cement and after testing of grain size upgrading of native soil prior to its stabilization with cement.


The separation of eight common corticosteroids is optimized by solvent modulation and by conventional premixed solvents. The separation is achieved on an octadecylsilica column using aqueous acetonitrile and methanol mobile phases. The optimized separations are compared with respect to accuracy, total analysis time, critical resolution, and overall quality of the separation. The solvent modulation approach compares favorably to premixed solvents in all of these respects and, hence, is demonstrated to be a very promising optimization strategy.


With the rise of the digital camera, people nowadays typically take several near-identical photos of the same scene to maximize the chances of a good shot. This paper proposes a user-friendly tool for exploring a personal photo gallery for selecting or even creating the best shot of a scene between its multiple alternatives. This functionality is realized through a graphical user interface where the best viewpoint can be selected from a generated panorama of the scene. Once the viewpoint is selected, the user is able to go explore possible alternatives coming from the other images. Using this tool, one can explore a photo gallery efficiently. Moreover, additional compositions from other images are also possible. With such additional compositions, one can go from a burst of photographs to the single best one. Even funny compositions of images, where you can duplicate a person in the same image, are possible with our proposed tool.


As the cement slurry hydration speed is slow and curing time is relatively longer under the condition of low-temperature,it is easy to result in oil,gas and water invasion which leads to poor well cementation quality,and the early strength agent without chloride is lack in cementing of low temperature shallow formation.In order to cope with these situations,based on the principles of hydration and low temperature high early strength of cement slurry,the water-soluble chlorine-free chemical raw material,which has the function of low temperature high early strength on cement,is adopted in this research.According to experiment,two kinds of inorganics materials A and B,an organic salt C and an organic acid are selected out and ZC-2S which is a new kind of low temperature early strength accelerator without chloride is developed.ZC-2S can prominently accelerate early strength of general density/low density cement slurry and is of good compatibility with other cement additives.ZC-2S is good early strength accelerator used in low temperature shallow formation and can cement in absence of dry-mixing equipment.


Voters' preferences for political parties and their choices can be modeled as a set of equations with three endogenous variables: (1) the perceived distance between the voter's ideological position and that of a party; (2) the utility that the voter assigns to a party; and (3) behavior—whether or not a voter votes for a given party. Spatial models of party competition imply that (1) the perceived ideological distance between a voter and a party is a function of the perceived spatial distances between the voter's most preferred point on each electorally relevant issue and the party's position—the greater these distances, the greater the perceived ideological distance; (2) the utility assigned to each party is a function of this ideological distance, as well as the issue distances; and (3) the higher the assigned utility, the higher the probability that a voter votes for a given party, but the greater the ideological and issue distances, the lower this probability. These hypotheses are operationalized and tested with individual-level data from the 1970-1973 Dutch Election Study.


The general method and CDEGS compute the impulse characteristics of grounding system without considering nonlinear influence of soil ionization.The combination of CDEGS with programming is proposed to compute the impulse characteristics of grounding grid by considering soil ionization factor.Taking different structure of grounding grid for an example,the proposed method is compared with other methods in frequency domain which consider the factor of soil ionization.The results show that the proposed method is reasonable,effective,simple and quick.


This paper presents an economical solution to provide service coverage of digital terrestrial television broadcasting in the area of the Northern Cone of Lima, using repeaters called Gap-Fillers.The networks which operate single frequency distribution.


A compact filter with a T-shaped resonator and short-circuited coupled lines between two ports is presented. The frequency response of filter has four extra controllable transmission zeros in the stopband because of the multiple signal transmission paths and controllable source-load coupling strength. The positions of the transmission zeros in the stopband are controllable by adjusting the length of coupled lines. At the same time, the center frequency and bandwidth are both not changed. The bandwidth of filter can be adjusted by the different lengths of short-circuited stub of T-shaped resonator. In addition, the second harmonic is suppressed. Good skirt selectivity and controllable stopband characteristics can be achieved simultaneously.


Similarities and differences in the use of delimiting temporal conjunctions in the modern Slavic languages. Virtually all Slavic languages have "delimiting" temporal conjunctions which display an interesting kind of polysemy. They express temporal relations that in non-Slavic languages usually must be translated by various conjunctions. E.g. Russian poka (ne) regularly corresponds to English while, as long as, till/until and before. In this paper the use of these conjunctions in all 13 modern Slavic literary languages is compared. The analysis is based on material from the author's parallel corpus. It appears that along with certain types of use which are common for practically all these languages there are also several uses that occur only in limited parts of them. With various types of use the delimiting con-junction of a certain language (or group of languages) competes with one or more other conjunctions, sometimes with very subtle distinctions. In a number of cases the situation is as yet insufficiently clear and asks for further investigations.


Twelfth rib syndrome (TRS) is a rare condition that causes severe pain in the loin. It is often misdiagnosed, leading to unnecessary investigations and treatments. Intercostal blocks in the 11th and 12th rib often resolve the pain for these patients. In this research paper, we aim to explore the role of intercostal block in the management of TRS based on our experience with 10 patients. Data of patients who were diagnosed with TRS were studied retrospectively from our hospital records who have been given intercostal block injection from the period of Jan 2022 to August 2023 as an audit.  Four patients underwent intercostal blocks. VAS scores were measured in follow-up for 1 and 3 months. 4 patients were lost to follow up and hence not considered in this study. The male to female ratio was 7:3. There was a statistically significant reduction in VAS score at 1 month and 3 months compared to pre-injection times. Patients who have failed conservative management for TRS can be effectively managed with intercostal block injections.


Contouring the intensity data for the largest earthquakes recorded in Southern Italy yields areas delineated by the M.C.S. X, IX, VIII isoseisms that are markedly elongated along the axial direction of the Apennine Chain.
To evaluate the attenuation of intensity with distance, four regression curves have been calculated using empirical relations of the form:
I (R) -Io = a + bR + clogR
in accordance with Chandra's procedure [9]. The results are compared with the attenuation relation used for the « shake ability » map of Italy. New mag¬nitudes for historical earthquakes have been calculated and an earthquake fault map is proposed. In addition, a comparison has been made between recent and historical earthquakes in some areas, including those of different magnitude, in an attempt to quantify the energies associated with the histo¬rical events.


This article explores the means and methods by which nurses can become actively involved in the search for answers through the research process. It presents one unique example that illustrates research involvement for nurses and other healthcare providers at all levels of practice with a focus on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). The establishment of the Yoga and More (CAM) Research Interest Group (RIG) at a research-intensive college of nursing, and the members' involvement in a funded pilot study on yoga for lung cancer survivors is presented. The starting point included establishing the research questions and potential solutions, and reinforces the belief that research promotes improved care, better patient outcomes, enhanced quality of life, and increased satisfaction among care providers. In addition, we provide an example of how active involvement in the research process with supportive mentorship promotes "learning-in-action" and stimulates continued interest and growth in the research process. The development and evolution of this innovative research initiative is discussed from a theoretical, methodological and personal perspective with implications for nurses seeking to become involved in the research process.


In this  article, based on the definition of key factors and its components, developed an algorithm consistent, logically connected stages of the transition from the traditional enterprise to enterprise innovation typebased becoming intrapreneurship. Аnalysis of economic efficiency of innovative business idea is: based on the determination of experts the importance of the model parameters ensure the effectiveness of intrapreneurship by using methods of kvalimetricheskogo modeling expert estimates score calculated "efficiency intrapreneurship". On the author's projected optimum level indicator should exceed 0.5, but it should be noted that the achievement of this level is possible with the 2 - 3rd year of existence intraprenerskoy structure. The proposed method was tested in practice and can be used for the formation of intrapreneurship in large and medium-sized enterprises as one of the methods of implementation of the innovation activities of small businesses. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2013-10-50


Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples are generally used for histology‐study, however, they also possess important molecular diagnostics information. While it has been reported that the N‐glycan moieties of glycoproteins is not affected by the FFPE process, no information is available about the effect of the elapsed time between sampling and fixation on the resulting N‐glycosylation profile. In this study, lung, brain, heart, spleen, liver, kidney, and intestine mouse tissue specimens were used for N‐glycan profiling analysis and the elapsed sampling time effect was investigated with the lung tissue. N‐glycan extraction from the tissue samples was performed by glycoprotein retrieval from the FFPE specimens using radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer followed PNGase F digestion. The released oligosaccharides were fluorophore labeled and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis‐laser induced fluorescent detection (CE‐LIF). N‐glycosylation profiles of freshly collected lung‐tissue samples (zero time point), as well as 1 and 2 h after sampling were compared by carbohydrate profiling and exoglycosidase treatment based deep glycomic analysis. It was found that up to two hours of room temperature storage of tissue specimens apparently did not cause changes in the N‐glycosylation profiles of complex carbohydrates, but resulted in considerable decrease in the amount of linear glucose oligomers and high mannose type glycans present in the samples.


This booklet, which is actually a special one-time-only edition of PAWS NEWS, is labelled on its front cover as 'Everything you should know to make the world a better place for dogs and cats'. It is designed to be customized, ie have individual organizations place their name and address etc on it, for distribution by other shelters and animal groups in the United States.


The antibacterial and the antitubercular properties of sesamin have been studied. While sesamin has little antibacterial properties against the common pathogenic gram positive and gram negative bacteria, it has exhibited a very high antitubercular activity. The stability of sesamin at various temperatures and hydrogen-iion concentrations has been studied. The antitubercular activity of sesamin has been studied, in presence of serum, cysteine and nucleic acid.


All too often in the work of the educational psychologist an important dimension is neglected or overlooked. In making our observations, administering our assessment techniques, interviewing teachers and undertaking intervention strategies we can fall easily into the trap of neglecting the views and perceptions of our primary clients children. And yet, as our first contribution to this edition of School Psychology International so elegantly displays, there is now considerable research evidence to. show that the learner's view of himself, the requirements of the tasks with which he is presented and the context in which he is required to learn play at least as important a part in successful learning as more traditionally examined variables as gender, class and IQ. Where Barry Fraser differs from other recent theorists in emphasizing the cognitive processes of the learner is in his examination of students' perceptions of the classroom contexts in which they are expected to learn. This is an area to which lip-service is often paid by reference to such variables as 'school ethos' but which has hitherto received far too little attention from applied psychologists and educators. In his state-of-the-art paper Fraser offers a practical means by which students' views on the degree of personalization, independence, participation and other such factors that occur in their classrooms can be assessed. It is clear that the scales here described provide the educational psychologist with a valuable new tool for gaining important information about what goes on in schools and what teachers and pupils think should go on. Interested readers are also referred to Fraser's recent book Classroom Environment, reviewed in this edition of SPI, which summarizes In great detail all published previous work In this area. The importance of the learner's view of himself within the learning context has been emphasized by writers of a number of different persuasions and has led to several fascinating and potentially helpful theoretical perspectives. In recent editions of SPI Gurney has reviewed ways in which the self-concept has been considered by psychologists and educators. The paper by Buck et al. in this edition takes this notion further by reviewing its extension into attribution theory and adding to the research literature their study of how students viewed as displaying behaviour problems view the reasons for success ~nd failure at school. The papers by Lawson and Rice and Dudink et al. take us into a different branch of theory related to the same theme that of metacognition. This is an area about which much has been written in recent years but from which still too little has filtered into the practice of the school psychologist. Each of the contributors to this edition offers ways in which this could be rectified by their eminently practical descriptions of the process of their studies. It is exactly this kind of marriage between psychological theory and educational practice that we are seeking to foster through our journal. The papers by Itskowitz et al. and Foster and Nelson which complete this thematic section on student perceptions, take somewhat different perspectives. The Israeli paper concentrates on the world of the younger child and emphasizes the importance of the way in which children are first introduced into school; the Canadian paper introduces the realm of study skills and reflects some aspects of recent worldwide research in this area. This is a theme to which we hope to return in a future edition of SPI. Two papers concerned with children with special educational needs complete this edition. Hutchens and Hynd provide a helpful overview of current knowledge about the neurological basis of learning disabilities, an area that has aroused a great deal of controversy over the years. Doubtless, such con-


Objective Ovariectomized rat models were applied to study effects of soyisoflavones in serum estrogen,bone calcium content,and bone strength,to estimate the relationship between dosages and effects.Methods According to the quantities of soyisoflavone given in the groups,the ovariectomized rats were divided into three groups L-SI:(OVX+soy isoflavones 12.65mg/kgbw),M-SI(OVX+soy isoflavones 25.30mg/kgbw),H-SI(OVX+soy isoflavones 37.95mgbw),The group of control (Ovx) and sham surgery (Sham) were established and the vehicle were given.The drugs were all oral administered using a stomach tube.After 12 weeks,all rats were killed,their serum were separated,at the same time,their right thighbone and right tibia were peeld off for measuring relative indexes. Results Bone formation index serum alkakine phosphatis (AKP) activities were higher in Ovx group than those in Sham and H-SI groups (P0.05),and hone absorptionindex tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (StrACP) activities were significant lower in Sham,M-SI and H-SI groups (P0.05).There was a tendency of serum estradio levels to be higher in the Sham group and all rats receiving soy isoflavones than that in Ovx group,serum estradio was significantly higher in M-SI group (P0.01).In Sham,L-SI,M-SI groups,the femoral calcium content were significant higher than that in Ovx group,in addition,the indexes of bone strength,including max-load,eladtic,energy,were significant higher than that in Ovx group.Conclusion Soy isoflavones might exert estrogen-like effect in ovaricetomized rats.In parallel with bone parameters,the effects of soy islflavones were increased in dose-dependent manner between L-SI and H-SI groups,25.30mg/(kg·bw)soy isoflavones was effective in preventing osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy.But many indexes indicated that isflavone did not reverse established osteoporosis in adult ovariectomized rats.


Sufficient conditions for commutativity of rings are proved. They generalize or are related to certain old results due to I. N. Herstein and others, see [1] and [5].


Overview A new approach is presented for solving integral equations. It is a fundamental computational and theoretical advance that provides a unified, fully localized, and computationally efficient solution in closed-form that is useful in both symbolic and numeric computations. The approach is naturally suited for fine-grain parallel implementation. In practical problems such as shift-variant image deblurring, the new approach offers significant computational speed-up in comparison with standard current techniques. Since Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) and Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) can be reformulated as integral equations by taking boundary conditions into account, the new approach is also relevant to solving ODEs and PDEs. It is also useful in image/signal filtering, and the analysis and modeling of linear and non-linear systems and processes, in engineering and applied sciences.


This paper compares the performance of chip seals constructed with polymer-modified emulsion (PME; CRS-2L) versus those constructed with unmodified emulsion (CRS-2). The overall performance evaluation is based on aggregate retention performance. The adhesion of the emulsions is examined using the Vialit test with various curing times and temperature conditions. To evaluate the aggregate retention performance of the chip seals, we used the Vialit test, the flip-over test and the third-scale Model Mobile Loading Simulator (MMLS3). The results from these tests indicate that the PME (CRS-2L) enhances aggregate retention performance, and does so more significantly in the early stages and at low temperatures.


The CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) experiment searches for axions from the Sun converted into few keV photons via the inverse Primakoff effect in the high magnetic field of a superconducting Large Hadron Collider (LHC) decommissioned test magnet. After results obtained with vacuum in the magnet pipes (phase I of the experiment) as well as with 4He the collaboration is now immersed in the data taking with 3He. The status of the experiment will be presented, including a preliminary indication of the axion parameter space explored up to now. CAST is currently sensitive to realistic QCD axion models at the sub-eV scale, and with axion-photon couplings in the range down to the ~ 2 × 10−10 GeV−1, compatible with solar life limits.


Various real systems are being replicated in cyberspace to solve complex and difficult problems, as exemplified by the digital twin. Once such a software system is implemented, an effective computational method should be applied to the system so that the corresponding real system, connected by networks or sensors, can be indirectly controlled. Considering that all behaviors in real systems occur in space−time, the behavior-related computation in the corresponding software system should adopt both time and space as essential elements to ensure a valid representation of the real system and to effectively perform subsequent computations. Therefore, applying a spatiotemporal computation consisting of time-dependent variables and temporal statements that use such variables is a natural approach to solving problems encountered in the target real system. In this study, the ST-DEVS (spatiotemporal computation DEVS) formalism is proposed to define time-dependent variables and an execution algorithm on temporal logic statements whose arguments are the time-dependent variables; the ST-DEVS is an extension of the discrete event system specification (DEVS). To control real systems with a certain level of autonomy, at least two basic capabilities must be ensured: monitoring and action execution. In this study, action-type temporal logic with time-dependent variables and an action execution algorithm are proposed to illustrate the effectiveness of the spatiotemporal computation process. The previously defined monitoring capability is integrated into ST-DEVS so that monitoring and action execution can be processed uniformly. The proposed approach is designed considering the symmetry between the real world and the cyber world, in that both worlds are influenced by time and space.


The path loss model for indoor emergency stairs has yet to get enough attention in the literature. Large-scale (LS) path loss models for a stairwell in a 10-stair academic building are the focus of this investigation. We measured the received power with three different links with sophisticated devices and preprocessed it to find the path loss. LS empirical models can be used to determine the path loss in closed environments as the LS models yield the path loss without considering the details of the environmental configurations. Therefore, this study finds LS models—close-in (CI), alpha-beta (AB), and close-in with a frequency-weighted path loss exponent (CIF), alpha-beta-gamma (ABG), when identifying the best LS models from the measured dataset. The parameters of LS models were justified by validating with the previously reported parameters. The path loss exponents extracted from the measured dataset were slightly lower than those reported in the previous investigations. The AB model showed the minimum standard deviations for the three measurement scenarios of the four LS models studied.


In the anastomotic coupling device literature, no comparative study has reported operative times, included consecutive patients, or used a matched comparison group. Our objective was to analyze patency and operative time in free flaps with venous anastomoses performed with ACD versus hand‐sewn. Methods: For consecutive free flaps, re‐explorations and complications were reviewed in duplicate. Operative times for ACD versus hand‐sewn were compared for: (1) matched unilateral DIEPs, and (2) re‐explorations. Results: Overall, 147 ACD and 144 hand‐sewn flaps were included. Venous thrombosis was significantly lower with ACD (1/147[1%] vs.9/144[6%], P < 0.01). There was no difference in re‐exploration for venous insufficiency, or overall re‐exploration. Re‐exploration time was significantly shorter with ACD (69mins vs.205mins, P = 0.009). Conclusions: ACD significantly decreases venous thrombosis compared to hand‐sewn veins, and significantly shortens re‐exploration time. Outcomes allow an estimate of cost utility for the ACD in decreasing venous thromboses and shortening re‐exploration time. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:372–377, 2016.


Purpose:To assess the feasibility and results of retroperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty in the treatment of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction.Methods:Twenty two cases with UPJ obstruction underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty.Results:All the operations have been success. The mean operating time was 108 minutes (range from 70 to 180), the mean blood loss was 16 ml (range from 5 to 50) and the mean postoperative hospitalization days was 7.2 days (range from 6 to 8 ). No open conversions were required and no perioperative complication occurred. Radiographic assessment by intravenous urography 3 months after the procedure showed good results.Conclusions:Retroperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty is a safe and effective way to treat the UPJ obstruction while providing a minimally invasive procedure resulting in less morbidity, improved cosmesis and shorter convalescence. It is worth further clinical application.


Rhythmic movements of a five-link sagittal biped with muscle-like actuators are considered. In walking contact is periodically made with the environment as the support phases change. The inputs to every actuator are modeled after the inputs to muscles in mammals. The system possesses intrinsic position and velocity feedback due to the actuator dynamics. A control strategy is articulated that is novel in that (a) it is physiologically viable, (b) it simplifies the dynamics, and (c) it adapts to speed of walking, going up and down stairs, going up or dozen inclines, maneuvering above obstacles or holes, and the tempo and stride length of walking. Simulations of the walk of a five-link sagittal biped are presented.


The warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) is a grazer and hindgut fermenter with an apparent unique population of protozoa; however, only a limited number of specimens have been studied to date. In addition to having a very low number of protozoal species, little is known about temporal (seasonal) variation and geographic variation in protozoan diversity. Forty-one warthogs were harvested over a two-year period (2003–2005) from a wildlife area owned by the South African Air force (Ditholo). Additional samples were obtained from three animals at a farm near Northam (2004), plus three animals from a game ranch (Knapdaar) near Ellisras (2010). Several physical parameters of the digestive tract were measured, i.e. pH, temperature, organ length, weight of organ contents, dry matter, density and digesta in vitro gas production. Samples were collected from the caecum and colon for protozoal counts. In the animals from Ditholo and Northam, Telamodinium onyx was present in 42 of the 44 animals and was the predominant species. Megadinium aethiopicum was observed in 33 animals and Teratodinium sphaeredon was present in 10 of the warthogs. Blepharoconus krugerensis was present in four animals. A single species of both Cyclopostidae and Isotricha were present in two separate animals. In the warthogs harvested at Knapdaar, T. onyx, M. aethiopicum and B. krugerensis were present in all three animals, while M. sphaeredon was present in only two. Unexpectedly, the species Blepharosphaera intestinalis and Charonina equi were found in all three animals. Concentration of protozoans in caecum/colon fluid averaged about 25 × 103 per ml. In conclusion, the larger number of animals studied established that there can be considerable protozoan diversity among animals and that both seasonal and geographic variation occur.


Delgado (Richard) & Stefanic (Jean) Why do we ask the same questions? The triple helix dilemma revisited. Law Library Journal. Vol. 99, no. 2, 2007. pp. 307–328. (Computer assisted legal research) Mowbary (Andrew) et al. Improving stability and performance of an international network of free access legal information systems. Journal of Information Law and Technology (JILT) 2007, no. 2 http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/ fac/soc/law/elj/jilt/2007_2/mowbary_etal


A study to investigate various health hazards due to cell phone radiations was conducted from October, 2007 to February, 2008 among cell phone users residing in Peshawar district. A total of 370 subjects (271 female and 89 male) having age ranging from 16 to 60 years were subjected to in person interviews, and blood samples were taken from 100 most extensive users to examine any deviant effect of radiations on blood cell morphology. Among 370 subjects interviewed, the most commonly occurring symptom was warming of ears (57.03%). The prevalence of headache (29.41%) was highest among females, who kept their cell phones under pillow. Among male subjects, palpitation (53.33%) was reported to be the highest symptom due to keeping their cell phones in front pocket. The symptom felt in frequent episodes among the inspected subjects was palpitation (44.95%) and the symptom felt in infrequent episodes was migraine (72.72%). Change in behavior or irritation during receiving the call was documented in 38.92% of the people interviewed. Elevated level of anger was noticed in 29.46% of the subjects after their exposure to cell phone radiations. Stress/depression (40.45%) due to unknown reasons was found to occur more frequently among male subjects. On the basis of occupation, the businessmen were extensive users having most of the symptoms associated with electromagnetic radiation of cell phone. The data was also analyzed using Chi-square test, where occurrences of the symptoms were dependent on call duration. No relationship between abnormal blood cells morphology and radiations was observed. In addition to above symptoms, high and low blood pressure, loss in hearing capacity, nausea, heavy feelings in head and ear, laziness, & loss of appetite in mild degrees were also reported. This study suggested that extensive use of cell phone may be associated with chronic diseases or disorders.


Background The Competition Appeal Tribunal ("the Tribunal" or "the CAT") set aside the Office of Fair Trading ("the OFT") decision of 6 September 2005 ("the Decision"), which had alleged that…


The main objective of this study is to develop a theoretical tool to analyze humorelements in Japanese comic (manga). The authors narrow the definition of "tool" as atheoretical framework that can be used in an inductive research. Developing this tool isof importance since evaluating the quality of humor in comic is difficult and subjective,due to the inclusion of humor as a cognitive and cultural product (Hurley et al, 2011).The authors strongly emphasize that this study was a theoretical review one. Weaimed to develop a theoretical foundation pertaining to semiotic analysis in humorousmanga products. To achieve the aim, we applied qualitative content analysis to buildthe foundation inductively. The authors identify that in order to analyze humor inmanga, Berger's theory of humor techniques (1976, 1993) can be utilized to explorecomical effect in manga. Furthermore, Wilson and Sperber's framework (2004) canalso be used to evaluate the context of situation pictured in manga. The former theoryis imperative since it highlights the function of drawing representation to buildhumorous atmosphere, while the latter functions to decode the meaning and purposeof humor created by manga creators. To conclude, a theoretical contribution can bewithdrawn from the discussion in this study. However, to really measure Japanese'scognitive and cultural values of humor expression, further application of this analysistool needs to be established in a wider and more comprehensive set of data.


People are the users and evaluators of the spaces,only the using situations of the spaces are understood from the view of human behavior,can the designers realize the significance of space design,and to created satisfactory spatial environment.First,this article summarized small garden and its space elements,then,combined the relevant behavior knowledge as a pointcut,analyzed the relationship of people,behavior and environment,to find out the inspiration that designers obtained from people's behavior.Finally,this article discussed the method of humanized space designing from spatial location,partition,surround close,sequence,administrative levels and scale.


Objective Study the joint curative effect of prostaglandin E_1 and DEXTRAN 40 on hard hepatocirrhosis ascites.Methods Divided 64 patients with hard hepatocirrhosis ascites into two groups randomly.The control group:received regular live protection,diuresis,and supplementation of albumin and plasma.Study group:used prostaglandin E_1 and DEXTRAN 40 apart from albumin.Result The ascites subsided significantly,the difference between the study group and control group is quite obvious(P0.05).Conclusion Prostaglandin E_1 and DEXTRAN 40 can increase the amount of blood in the blood vessel,increase the infiltrating pressure of the plasma colloid,ameliorate the micro circulation,increase the blood flow in the kidney,and improve diuresis,so as to reduce the ascites.


This paper investigates the preliminary stability of pillar linking adjacent caverns under the effect of water level differences. By choosing homologous rocks, permeability tests and Brazilian tests in the laboratory are conducted. Then theoretical model and solutions are made. The results show that the rock permeability is extremely low. The tensile strength of the tuff in the laboratory tests is not very high, and its strength will dramatically reduce due to long-term water erosion. Under the comprehensive effect of joint and fissure, the pillar is prone to slab due to the typical lamellar structure. Especially, when the span of the pillar is narrower or the water level difference is more obvious, the pillar will become more instability. All these factors mentioned above may result in deformation even failure of the caverns. Therefore, the development of micro-crack and joint in the pillar should be monitored regularly. Introduction In recent years, large ancient underground projects have gradually attracted more attention, such as Longyou Grottoes, Shepan Island, Whenling Underground Guarrying, et.al. The current study provided a thorough review of the decision-making process associated with the selection of substrate, drainage, and slope-reinforcing materials for the Athens Concert Hall green roof park[1]. Most of large-scale underground caves left by ancient quarrying, could be used as a tourist attraction and as a teaching environment. More researches about stability of these underground caverns have been conducted. The authors analyzed possible reasons for the ancient project maintaining several hundred years of stability and studied large ancient underground caverns of Shepan island from the view of science and technology [2, 3]. The deformations and failures of the surrounding rocks were examined from the viewpoints of engineering geological conditions and rock mechanics [4]. Ferrero et al. analyzed the preliminary stability conditions of the ancient underground quarries of Viggiu (Varese, Italy), to verify the actual structural predisposition to instability phenomena of the old Viggiu quarries [5]. Rasmussen et al. described the process of designing a concert complex and conducted dynamic investigations about the huge balcony structures [6]. Joeckel and Tucker mainly studied rodent burrows from the eastern Great Plains, United States and got a review of the burrows of North American rodents [7]. Ulusay et al. integrated experimental, analytical and numerical analyses and undertook an in situ monitoring program to assess the preliminary stability conditions of the congress centre [8]. The paper mainly analyzes preliminary stability of caverns through experimental tests and mechanics theory taking caverns in Shepan Island as an example. A phenomenon that water levels difference of adjacent caves in some cavern groups are obvious was found, especially in 4 caverns groups, namely Shizi cave, Yeren cave, Haidaocun and Qingfeng cave, respectively. Through field investigation, 12 pairs of water level differences in adjacent caves existed at present. The purpose of this paper is to analyze preliminary stability of the pillar linking adjacent caverns for a long time under the influence of water level difference. On-Site Data Collection and Experimental Procedures On-Site Data Collection Through field investigation, the phenomenon of water level difference is obvious in the adjacent caverns. Water level difference refers to the height difference between two water levels. By carefully measuring data of 12 pairs of water level differences, data are summarized in table 1. Perspective schematic view of 1# is shown in figure 1. Table 1. Measured water level at different dates. No. Water depth on the left side h1 Water depth on the right side h2 Water level difference △H Diaphram wall span L


Two new harvesting treatments, strip-felling and clump retention, and one new site preparation treatment, excavator heaping, have been trialled by District staff in response to particular problems encountered in dry forest management. All the treatments are designed for use in dry E-3 (27–34 m tall) forests. Strip-felling, when combined with good seedbed preparation and good seed crops, successfully established new regeneration, and the system could be applied to any of the lowland dry forests in northern and eastern Tasmania. Aesthetic considerations will be important—from the wrong viewpoint, the system may not deliver acceptable visual management outcomes. Clump retention is not recommended. Whilst moderately successful in terms of establishing regeneration, marking costs were excessive and the system is not considered to have any advantages over standard advance growth retention plus seedtree systems.


Accurate analyses of water quality issues pertaining to waterways require the application of eutrophication and contaminant transport/fate models to evaluate management alternatives. The movement of models to scalable, parallel computing platforms is a necessity since these simulations exhaust the resources of single processor computing systems. The CE-QUAL-ICM family of three-dimensional water quality models, developed at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Waterways Experiment Station (WES), Vicksburg, MS, consists of an eutrophication model (ICM) and a transport/fate model (ICM/TOXI). Both codes were parallelized by combining a single program multiple data (SPMD) execution model with data domain decomposition using the message passing interface (MPI) library. Two different domain decomposition strategies were tested for performance, a Hilbert Space-Filling technique from the Center for Subsurface Modeling, University of Texas at Austin and the METIS multi-level graph partitioning package from the University of Minnesota. Evaluating the parallel versions included obtaining performance statistics on three platforms: IBM-SP, Cray T3E, and SGI Origin 2000. Results from the code parallelization effort indicate an order of magnitude decrease in model run-time can be achieved with as little as 16 processors. Furthermore, the application of these parallel codes to grids of varying resolution for the same test site indicate better performance can be obtained as the grid resolution increases.


Summary Serial biochemical serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies in 7 cases of Amaurotic Family Idiocy (AFI) disclosed some statistically significant variation from normal values. Two additional control cases of dissimilar degenerative neurologic illnesses of childhood were also included as control cases. In AFI an elevation in serum electro-phoretic alpha-2 globulin fraction was found. Decreased values for serum total protein and albumin, together with markedly depressed gamma globulin results were observed. Serum alpha-1 and beta globulins and A/G ratio findings were normal. Chemical studies of CSF proteins showed decreased alpha and gamma globulins and gamma globulin/total protein ratio values. Serum neuraminic acid was consistently elevated in AFI, as well as in the 2 control cases, when compared to normal values established in this laboratory. Decreases in serum total, neutral and phospholipids were recorded in AFI. A decrease was also observed in serum free cholesterol values. The results in AFI differed from the 2 control cases of degenerative central nervous system disease most markedly with respect to lowered alpha and gamma globulin content of the CSF and with regard to decreased serum total lipids and phospholipids.


Near Pilot Lake, the east boundary of the Fort Smith – Great Slave Lake radiometric high coincides with the contact of a well-foliated, porphyroblastic microcline–plagioclase–quartz-garnet–biotite ...


Experiment was conducted to regulate the potting soil for roof greening by using super absorbent polymer,covering stones and straw mats on soil surface.The temperature,moisture content of soil and relative electric conductivity of leaves was detemined with probe-type digital thermometer,soil moisture meter and conductivity meter.Results indicated that the best method was covering straw mats on soil surface.It could reduce the soil temperature of 3.7℃,increase soil water holding capacity of 16.7% and lower relative electric conductivity of leaves of 7.6%,compared with the control.


The sections in this article are:

1
Electrophysiological Diversity of Voltage-Gated Myocardial K+ Channel Currents
1.1
Transient Outward K+ Current Channels, Ito

1.2
Delayed Rectifier K+ Currents, IK

1.3
Cellular/Regional Heterogeneity in Voltage-Gated K+ Current Expression and Properties

2
Molecular Determinants of Voltage-Gated Cardiac K+ Channels
2.1
Voltage-Gated K+ Channel Pore-Forming α Subunits

2.2
Accessory Subunits of Voltage-Gated K+ Channels

2.3
Voltage-Gated K+ Channels and the Cytoskeleton

3
Molecular Correlates of Functional Voltage-Gated K+ Channels
3.1
Molecular Genetics of Cardiac Delayed Rectifier K+ Currents, IKr and IKs

3.2
Transgenic and Targeted Gene Deletion Approaches

3.3
Molecular Correlates of Other Voltage-Gated Cardiac K+ Currents

4
Functional Consequences of in Vivo Alterations in Voltage-Gated Myocardial K+ Channels
4.1
QT Prolongation

4.2
Atrioventricular Block

4.3
Ventricular Arrhythmia/Tachycardia

4.4
Pathophysiology

5
Summary, Conclusions, and Future Directions


Emerging evidence suggests that clinical and economic benefits of treatment with mechanical thrombectomy vary by level of reperfusion achieved, and the number of passes required to achieve revascularization. This study aimed to investigate the
 INF
 luence of revascularization
 A
 ttempts on
 C
 linical outcomes of mechanical
 T
 hrombectomy and the economic
 BURDEN (INFACT BURDEN)
 in Ireland using single center real‐world data from the Irish National Thrombectomy Service database.

 Primary clinical outcomes were reperfusion (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2b‐3 or <2b) and functional outcome (90‐day modified Rankin Scale ≤2 or modified Rankin Scale >2) among patients treated with 1–3 passes compared with ≥4 passes. Multivariable generalized linear models examined the association between number of passes with outcomes, with adjustment for covariates that may affect outcomes (eg, age, pre‐procedure modified Rankin Scale, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, occlusion site, time from symptom onset to groin puncture). A 90‐day decision‐tree and Markov model with a 5‐year time horizon evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy from the Irish public healthcare payer perspective.

 Eight hundred twenty three patients met the inclusion criteria. Compared with patients in the ≥4 passes group, patients in the 1–3 passes group achieved a significantly higher rate of successful reperfusion (94% versus 78%, odds ratio [OR], 4.7;
 P
 <0.001) and a higher rate of functional independence (49% versus 33%, OR, 2.0;
 P
 <0.001). Patients in the 1–3 passes group had a shorter time from onset to reperfusion, lower incidence of procedural complications, including distal emboli into non‐involved territory and intra‐procedure rupture, as well as lower 90‐day mortality. The cost‐effectiveness analysis demonstrated that patients successfully revascularized in 1–3 passes had 0.19 additional QALYs and lower costs (€3328; $3800) such that 1–3 passes was dominant compared with ≥4 passes over a 5‐year time horizon.

 This study illustrates that the number of passes has a significant effect on both clinical outcomes and health care costs.