The rate of recent global warming has been proposed as an "emer-gent constraint" on equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) and transient climate response (TCR) – key metrics of the global climate response to greenhouse-gas forcing. Using CMIP5/6 models, we show that the inter-model relationship between warming and these climate sensitivity metrics (the basis for the emergent constraint) arises from a similarity in transient and equilibrium warming patterns within the models, producing an effective climate sensitivity (EffCS) governing recent warming that is comparable to the value of ECS governing long-term warming under CO 2 forcing. However, CMIP5/6 historical simulations do


Unequal error protection is an important feature regarding transport of multimedia data. The paper presents a novel approach for realising unequal error protection properties with multilevel codes, following the capacity design rule but adjusting the scheme to provide more unequal error protection than a multilevel coding scheme inherently provides. The flexibility of this approach is investigated regarding the freedom in the choice of unequal error protection profiles.


Nonspecific lower back and buttock pain can significantly limit performance in athletes and can be of different origins. Sacral stress fractures are a rare and, in many cases, undiagnosed cause of lower back pain, which can lead to a substantial loss of time before a full return-to-sports is achieved with full athletic performance. The main risk factors of sacral stress fractures include repetitive full weight-bearing activities, short-term increases in exercise intensity or duration, and excessive energy deficit. Knowledge of the injury pattern, high clinical suspicion, and early MRI examination lead to a timely diagnosis. Therapeutically, load reduction with avoidance of high impact activities for at least 6 weeks is indicated initially, followed by dosed and progressive load increase. In parallel, supplementation with calcium and vitamin D is recommended. Athletes with recurrent stress fractures, regardless of region, should be evaluated for a "Female Athlete Triad" or its male counterpart, as well as endocrinologic risk factors. Preventive measures are possible for stress fractures but are not specific to sacral stress fractures. We describe two clinical case scenarios, one of a professional soccer player and one of an elite track and field athlete with sacral stress fractures as the cause of nonspecific lumbar pain. Key Words: Lower Back Pain, Sacrum, Football,Middle Distance Running


Paper-based devices present low-cost and are versatile, making them very attractive for clinical analysis. To manufacture those devices wax patterns are printed on paper surface and upon heating the wax permeates through the entire thickness of the paper, creating hydrophobic barriers that delimit test areas. Antibodies produced in rabbits against canine distemper virus (CDV) were physically adsorbed on the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and incubated with CDV viral antigens, forming the immunocomplex. Anti-CDV antibodies were immobilized into the microchannels by physical adsorption, forming the test region. The test solution containing conjugated AuNPs was applied at the bottom of the microchannel and it was eluted with a phosphate buffer solution 0.01 M pH 7.4. When the solution containing the AuNPs reached the test zone the recognition of antigens contained on the immunocomplex occurred with the consequent development of a red line, which represents a positive outcome for the test. This method demonstrated the success of physical immobilization of antibodies on AuNPs and the physical immobilization of antibodies on cellulose's surface. This colorimetric assay brings simplicity and versatility to clinical analyses, presenting potential for CDV diagnosis.


The article examines the issues of the legal regime of geoparks, models of organization of geoparks on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The experience of regulating the creation, management and operation of geoparks in Russia and its subjects, as well as in foreign countries, is studied. Various definitions of the concept of "geopark" are analyzed and the author's definition of a geopark is proposed. Directions for legislative regulation of activities for the creation and organization of geoparks are proposed. It is proposed to consolidate the system of principles of legal regulation in the field of creation, management and development of geoparks and the conservation of geological heritage, as well as to work out the possibility of using public-private partnership in the field of recreation development in relation to land plots of natural monuments included in the geopark. It is noted that the absence of a definitive apparatus, in turn, entails the absence of a legal regime for geoparks, as a result of which problems arise in regulating relations for the rational use and protection of natural objects of geological, tourist, recreational, historical, cultural and other purposes. At the federal and regional levels, due to the lack of legislation on geoparks, there is a need to adopt a legal act that establishes the legal basis for the creation and operation of geoparks in Russia and its constituent entities.


Graffiti from ancient civilizations (2) and contemporary societies (4) have been used as nonreactive measures of social climates. Recent research, however, has suggested that analysis of graffiti may not be a completely valid nonreactive measure due to atypical samples of a population (1) or because of varying functions of graffiti collection sites (3). The present study investigated another possibly contaminating variable, the effects of models on subsequent frequency and content of graffiti. Ten posters of bogus announcemenc were taped on the inside of the stall doors in a woman's washroom located in the student union of a large university campus. Five model condition posters each contained graffiti from three content topics: anti-education, anti-marriage, and pro-homosexuality. The remaining five posters were unmarked and constimted the no-model condition. Model posters and no-model posters were alternated among the stalls. An unobtrusive measure of toilet paper use indicated that an approximately equal number of washroom users were exposed to the model and no-model con.ditions. The posters remained in position for five days and were then analyzed for frequency and content of graffiti by two raters. A total of nine graffiti were found on the model condition posters, while the nomodel condition posters contained only one graffito. Inter-rater agreement on graffiti frequency was 100%. This difference in frequency was statistically significant (XI? = 4.90, p < .05). The graffiti in the model condition were analyzed further for content according to two categories, reply to one of the models or independent. Inter-rater agreement on category assignment was 89%. Of the nine graffiti, eight were replies to a model and one was independent (xP = 4.00, p < .05). These results indicate that both the frequency and the content of graffiti can be influenced by previous graffiti. These findings suggest that analysis may not be a completely valid nonreactive measure. Future collections should at least include data regarding replies to previous graffiti to guard against possibly inflated frequencies.


Plasma glycoproteins were oxidized with periodic acid and reduced with tritiated KBH4, resulting in macromolecules specifically labeled with tritium on their sialic acid residues. The resulting tritiated seven-carbon analog of N-acetylneuraminic acid, abbreviated [3H]AcNeu, covalently attached as part of the fetuin molecule, [3H-AcNeu]fetuin, had a specific activity of 3.67 counts × min−1× ng−1. It served as a very suitable substrate for the measurement of bacterial and mammalian neuraminidase. Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase had a Km of 9 μM and a V of 50 counts × min−1× h−1× ng−1. [3H-AcNeu]Fetuin was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and migrated exactly as native fetuin following treatment by sodium dodecyl-sulfate, mercaptoethanol, and boiling. Mild acid hydrolysis removed 70% of the radioactivity, which chromatographed as a homogeneous product utilizing butylacetate, acetic acid and water (3:2:1, v/v/v) as the solvent system.

Mammalian neuraminidase was located in a particulate fraction of rat liver. The enzyme had an acid pH optimum and may be lysosomal in origin. The use of [3H-AcNeu7]glycoprotein substrates increased the sensitivity of measurement of the released sialic acid and provided a more reliable estimate of neuraminidase levels in mammalian tissue sources.

Livers from rats fed a vitamin-K-deficient diet were also assayed for activity. The results indicated that vitamin-K-deficient animals had a slightly elevated amount of neuraminidase activity with [3H-AcNeu7]prothrombin substrate. Prothrombin, unlabeled or labeled, was not extensively degraded by Cl. perfringens neuraminidase. Therefore, either differences exist between bacterial enzyme and mammalian enzyme in the substrate specificities, or the mammalian enzyme source may contain more than one neuraminidase, i.e. one capable of the degradation of the sialic acid residues of fetuin and another capable of the degradation of the sialic acid residues of prothombin.


Specific host-graft interactions, as well as intrinsic properties of transferred cells, determine tumorigenicity in xenogeneic systems. We compared the growth characteristics of human 6-lymphoid cell lines in SClD mice with the well characterized growth pattern in nude mice and observed striking differences in malignancy in the respective hosts. Two cell lines derived from the same individual, the Epstein-Barr-virus(EBV)-positive Burkitt's lymphoma BL 60 (BL) and the autologous EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell line IARC 277 (LCL) were used. In addition, we tested somatic cell hybrids (HYB) of both cell lines, which despite the LCL-like differentiation phenotype show the de-regulated c-myc expression pattern of the parental BL line, assumed to be a critical factor in BL pathogenesis. Subcutaneously (s.c.) injected BL cells produced local progressively growing tumor masses at the injection site without distant metastases in both nude and SClD mice. Although both mouse strains possess the same genetic background (BALB/c) and differ only in the 6-cell sub-set, the growth patterns of the LCL and hybrids were completely different. In contrast to the regressive behaviour of LCL and hybrids in nude mice, these lines show invasive and disseminated progressive growth in SClD mice. Peripheral lymph nodes and thymic tissue were preferentially colonized, whereas mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (Peyer's patches and appendix) and spleen were not infiltrated. The preferential migration of lymphocytes to certain tissues is termed homing in a syngeneic system and mediated by homing receptors and vascular addressins. The "homing" of LCL and hybrids into lymphoid SClD mouse tissue suggests a strong interaction with the endothelial cells of the host. Detailed phenotypic analysis of BL, LCL and 3 different hybrids was performed using an antibody panel against differentiation and adhesion markers. Overall dominance of the LCL phenotype was observed in the hybrids, as indicated by cytology, tumor growth, dissemination and the pattern of surface-marker expression. The c-myc activation in hybrids does not appear to influence growth behavior.


Three kinds of welding processes were adopted in the welding test for X70 pipeline steels with high deformability,and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints were analyzed by microstructure observation,tensile test and impact test.The results show that the weld metal of the welded joints by GMAW was composed of acicular ferrites and little quasi-polygonal ferrites,while the HAZ consisted of coarse granular bainites and quasi-polygonal ferrites.And the welded joints had good strength and toughness but low ductility.The weld metal of welded joints by GMAW+FCAW was mainly comprised of acicular ferrites and little quasi-polygonal ferrites,the HAZ was composed of coarse granular bainites and lath bainites,and the welded joint had a very high yield ratio.Coarse polygonal ferrites and little bainites composed the weld metal of the welded joints by SMAW+FCAW,and quasi-polygonal ferrites and bainites composed the HAZ,which led to the hardness of weld metal lower than those of the HAZ and the base metal.Furthermore,the welded joint by SMAW+FCAW had good strength,toughness and ductility and high resistance to deformation ability.


This research examines loss aversion within the real estate market by evaluating evidence
and a priori arguments on the effects of investor sentiment on willingness-to-accept among
homeowners. Based upon a unique data set providing the complete histories of transactions
in the real estate market, our findings reveal that the loss aversion phenomenon prevails
regardless of homeowners' gender. Interestingly, young investors, and non-owner occupied
investors faced with lower-priced cases exhibit higher levels of loss aversion. By sketching the
whole conditional distribution via quantile regression, this study provides new evidence
suggesting difference on cognitive biases across investors' residential region, gender, and age.

Key words: Loss aversion, investor experience, quantile regression, real estate markets


In recent years, the incidence of skin neoplasms has been increasing year by year. Environmental factors and genetic susceptibility are considered to be key pathogenic factors of skin neoplasms. Gene mutations are closely related to the occurrence and development of skin neoplasms, which have provided clues to the pathogenesis of skin neoplasms. Numerous novel mutant genes have been found in some skin neoplasms such as malignant melanoma, skin squamous cell carcinoma and skin basal cell carcinoma. As an efficient platform for screening susceptibility genes, exome sequencing has advantages of deep coverage and high accuracy, can detect pathogenic genes and novel candidate genes in skin neoplasms and other diseases, and is of great significance for early diagnosis, treatment and predilection of prognosis of skin neoplasms.

Key words:
Skin neoplasms; Exome; Multilocus sequence typing; Genes; Mutation


This is a collection of essays in celebration of the Trust's centenary. The wide range of subjects embraced by the Trust (conservation, preservation, education, access for leisure, archaeology, natural history, landscape, the coast and countryside) are all reflected here. The work of the Trust in the past is considered and there is also an examination of the issues and challenges facing the Trust in the future.


Various techniques have been proposed for detection and tracking of targets in order to develop a real-world computer vision system, e.g., visual surveillance systems, intelligent transport systems (ITSs), and so forth. Especially, the idea of distributed vision system is required to realize these techniques in a wide-spread area. In this paper, we develop a ubiquitous vision system for location-awareness of multiple targets. Here, each vision sensor that the system is composed of can perform exact segmentation for a target by color and motion information, and visual tracking for multiple targets in real-time. We construct the ubiquitous vision system as the multiagent system by regarding each vision sensor as the agent (the vision agent). Therefore, we solve matching problem for the identity of a target as handover by protocol-based approach. We propose the identified contract net (ICN) protocol for the approach. The ICN protocol not only is independent of the number of vision agents but also doesn't need calibration between vision agents. Therefore, the ICN protocol raises speed, scalability, and modularity of the system. We adapt the ICN protocol in our ubiquitous vision system that we construct in order to make an experiment. Our ubiquitous vision system shows us reliable results and the ICN protocol is successfully operated through several experiments.


With the development of information technology in our society, we can expect that computer systems to a larger extent will be embedded into our environment. These environments will impose needs for new types of humancomputer interaction, with interfaces that are natural and easy to use. In particular, the ability to interact with computerized equipment without need for special external equipment is attractive. Today, the keyboard, the mouse and the remote control are used as the main interfaces for transferring information and commands to computerized equipment. In some applications involving threedimensional information, such as visualization, computer games and control of robots, other interfaces based on trackballs, joysticks and data gloves are being used. In our daily life, however, we humans use our vision and hearing as main sources of information about our environment. Therefore, one may ask to what extent it would be possible to develop computerized equipment able to communicate with humans in a similar way, by understanding visual and additive input. For many people with physical disabilities, computers form an essential tool for communication, environmental control, education and entertainment. However, access to the computer may be made more difficult by a person's disability. A number of users employ head-operated mice or joysticks in order to interact with a computer and to type with the aid of an on-screen keyboard. Head-operated mice can be expensive. In the UK, devices that require the users to wear no equipment on their heads, other than an infrared reflective dot, for example Orin Instrument's Head Mouse [2] and Prentke Romich's Headmaster Plus [5]. Other devices are cheaper, notably Granada Learning's Head Mouse [7], Penny and Gilles' device, Mouse Enhancer for paraplegics [1], Eye Gaze System [5] and No Hands Mouse [8]. However, these systems require the user to wear a relatively complex piece of equipment on their head, an infrared transmitter and a set of mercury tilt switches respectively. People with severe disabilities who retained the ability to rotate their heads have other assistive technology options. For example, there are various commercial mouse alternatives. Some systems use infrared emitters that are attached to the user's glasses, head band, or cap. Other systems place the transmitter over the monitor and use an infrared reflector that is attached to the user's forehead or glasses. The user's head movements control the mouse cursor on the screen. Having an additional window produces another problem. It occludes other window applications, making the windows desktop more cluttered and less organized. Gorodnichy [1] resolved this problem by introducing a new concept, called Perceptual Cursor, which serves both the purpose of marking a position (as normal cursor) and the purpose of providing a user with the feedback on how remote user motions are perceived by a sensor. As such, Perceptual Cursor does not replace the regular cursor, but rather is used in the interface in addition to it, taking its functionality only when requested by the user. For voicebased computer control system available in the market, we can find Control Your PC with Your Voice [2], Nuance Voice Control 2.0 [2] which are an easy software solution to enable you to control your computer, dictate emails and letters using a minimum of keystrokes or mouse clicks. Delphian Desktop [32] predicts the destination of the cursor based on initial movement and rapidly 'flies' the cursor towards its target. Although these techniques were Multimodal System using Human Computer Interface


A trial was conducted in the farm "Alto Viento", in order to compare the effect of breeding strategies used: suckling traditional in the Zulia region, Venezuela (TS) and delayed suckling (DS) on weaning weight of calves (weaning weight adjusted to 244 days, W244, weight gain, GW) and productivity of cows (milk production: saleable, MPS; total, TMP; lactation length, LL; days open, DO). Were used sixteen crossbred cows and their calves. Cows in TS were completely milked twice a day in only three udders, leaving one for the calf which stayed with the mother 30 min. after each milking (2 am and 2 pm) and supplemented with commercial feed at 100, 200 gr during the first and second month of age and 300 gr after the third month to weaning. Cows in DS were completely milked once a day (2 am), finished milking the calf was immediately retired, and 8 hours after milking were allowed to nurse for 30 min. Were used a generalized randomized block design. Although DS were lower (P <0.05) in MPS, TMP and LL (6.1±0.4 kg/day, 2323.2±201.4 kg and 261.6±11.6 d) versus TS (9.4±0.4 kg/day, 3009.8±201.4 kg and 343.1±12.0 d) were higher (P <0.05) in W244 and GW with 178.8±9.3 kg and 0.595±0.03 kg/day in DS and 153.3±9.6 kg and 0.500±0.03 kg.day for TS, respectively. Cows were highly variable in DO (CV = 63.8%) with 161.8± 96.5 d average. DS appears to provide benefits by improving preweaning growth traits in calves.


It is now well accepted that both Dark Matter and Dark Energy are required in any successful cosmological model. Although there is ample evidence that both Dark components are necessary, the conventional theories make no prediction for the contributions from each of them. Moreover, there is usually no intrinsic relationship between the two components, and no understanding of the nature of the mysteries of the Dark Sector. Here we suggest that if the Dark Side is so seductive then we should not be restricted to just 2 components. We further suggest that the most natural model has 5 distinct forms of Dark Energy in addition to the usual Dark Matter, each contributing precisely equally to the cosmic energy density budget.


The emissions resulting from processing metals with the use of minimal quantity lubrication were studied in a joint project of the institution for statutory accident insurance and prevention in the metalworking industry in southern Germany (SMBG, Suddeutsche Metall-Berufsgenossenschaft), lubricant producers, industrial firms, and with support from the BG institute for occupational safety and health - BIA (Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut fur Arbeitsschutz). The creation of both cleavage and pyrolysis products was of particular interest. A series of lubricants was tested in the laboratory to determine whether any hazardous substances were emitted. The emissions produced were determined at a spindle lathe test bench while varying the cutting parameters and the processed materials (steel, aluminium, and cast metals). The concentration of the pyrolysis products was found to be very minimal in all tests. Formaldehyde at the source in the work area was only present in trace amounts. In general, it was found that when processing metals with minimal quantity lubrication, the correct selection of lubricants is decisive. Synthetic ester oils and fatty alcohols with a high viscosity, low evaporation rate, high flash point, and toxicological safety have proven themselves in practise over time.


In response to a perceived need for development of family planning program management and evaluation skills in training program the Center for Population and Family Health of the Columbia University School of Public Health formulated a series of 16 exercises for small groups of students under the guidance of an instructor. The authors describe the object the working time the materials and the procedure of each exercise. Basic concepts of demography and contraception practical aspects of calculating needs contraceptive supply and manpower planning and techniques of evaluation through statistics and questionnaires are covered by the exercises. Students are encouraged to adapt the techniques to the particular conditions in their own countries or program. Family planning trainees in and from several countries received the exercises with enthusiasm. The authors invoke the need for research directed at assuring that the newly learned skills will be applied in family planning management.


Based on the Wenchuan earthquake and other giant earthquakes as well as the related calamity information, the complexity of crisis intervenes and further rescues (from critical relief to long-term salvage or help) of children mental health is discussed systematically, widely and thoroughly, so thinking that the post-calamity children mental health reconstruction in China is a open complex giant systematic engineering, in which being a long-effective mechanism. With a systems engineering method suited into complex giant systems (the meta-synthesis), 5 aspects of systematical properties and their complex roles on the post-calamity children mental health reconstruction are explained again. After being a view of 'handling complexity regard as complexity' and an emphasis of 'handling post-earthquake children regard as post-earthquake children', people not only can avoid the traditional linear thought and reductionism to tie, also can make up the nonlinear thought and holism knowledge, so the theoretical basis and basic way of thought for the mechanism innovation for more than 20 years actions of post-earthquake children mental health reconstruction discovered in modern China. The viewpoints of despising mental health reconstruction are criticized and the suggestions on preventing secondary psychological wound are put forward.


Diabetic nephropathy is a dreaded complication of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. However in the early stages also known as incipient nephropathy it can be detected by the presence of microalbuminuria. The aim of our study was to know the occurrence of microalbuminuria in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and to note its associations with the duration of diabetes since diagnosis and also the various macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. A total of one hundred randomly selected diabetic patients satisfying the inclusion criteria were selected for the study. All patients were evaluated in detail along with the testing for microalbuminuria with dipsticks (Micral). The overall occurrence of microalbuminuria was 38%. The occurrence of microalbuminuria showed a direct relationship with increasing age (p=0.053) and increasing duration of diabetes since diagnosis. An HbAlc value above 7% is associated with 50% or higher incidence of microalbuminuria (p=0.018). patients with a body mass index of more than 25 kg/m2 have significant increase in the incidence of microalbuminuria (p-0.027). the incidence of microalbuminuria is significantly associated with the presence of retinopathy (p=0.073), peripheral neuropathy (p=0.009), ischemic heart disease (p=0.011) and hypertension (p=0.001). Microalbuminuria is inversely associated with HDL (p=0.089). The occurrence of proteinuria and microalbuminuria in Type 2 diabetic patients of Hyderabad was quite high. During the evaluation of diabetic patients the possibility of microalbuminuria and its correlation with various complications of diabetes mellitus should be kept in mind.


The physics program of the PANDA experiment at FAIR is illustrated, with a particular attention to the planned activity in the field of the doubly strange systems. The investigation of these systems can help, among others, to shed light on the role of the hyperons in the composition of the neutron stars. The great advantages that can be reached in the field of the charmed systems and nucleon structure by using high quality and intense antiproton beams are also recalled.


Discloses an image pickup apparatus. Drive lines configured to drive the drive unit output impedance is set during a period provided for each of the transfer transistor is set in the ON state of the drive pulses and a transfer transistor provided for each set during the period of the driving pulses in a non-conducting state is changed.


Fifteen wheat varieties commercially grown in Kenya were tested for their susceptibility to head blight and mycotoxin accumulation after inoculation with Fusarium graminearum in pot experiments. The strains of the pathogen used had been isolated from wheat collected in different growing areas of Kenya. Head blight susceptibility was assessed as the percentage of spikelets bleached and area under disease progress curve; kernel colonization by fungal mycelium was determined as ergosterol content. All varieties were found to be moderately to highly susceptible. However, the varieties differed in head blight susceptibility (29–68% of spikelets bleached; mean 54%), fungal colonization (67–187 μg/g ergosterol content; mean 111 μg/g) and the resulting mycotoxin contamination [deoxynivalenol (DON) 5–31 μg/g; mean 13.5 μg/g]. Grain weight reductions due to head blight ranged from 23 to 57% (mean 44%). The varieties could be therefore divided into partially resistant and highly susceptible genotypes. The kernels of highly susceptible varieties had higher mycotoxin and ergosterol contents. However, the kernels of some varieties contained more fungal mycelium (ergosterol) without the corresponding high amounts of DON, suggesting that they possess some resistance to DON accumulation. Less susceptible varieties showed resistance to fungal spread, as indicated by a slow disease development and lower content of fungal biomass.


Neurotensin (NT) is a peptide (13 aa) widely distributed in the CNS (Emson et al., 1985). It is expressed by dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) and in these neurons is known to regulate dopamine release (Kasckow and Nemeroff, 1991). In rat brain the reduction of dopamine striatal activity, induced either by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or by drugs like haloperidol and reserpine, revealed neurotensin-immunoreactive cell bodies in the striatum that under normal conditions are negative. These studies demonstrated the presence of the peptide within the spiny projection neurons (Zham, 1992). However, the function of the neurotensin within these neurons is still unknown. Whether this phenotypic cytochemical change in neurotensin content is specific to the denervated striatal projection neurons or involves striatal interneurons as well has not been specifically addressed. Here, we studied neurotensin immunoreactivity (NT-IR) in medium-sized neurons and the intrinsic cholinergic, nitrinergic, and parvalbumin positive neurons of the rat in normal conditions and after 6-OHDA lesion. The toxin was injected into the left median forebrain bundle according to the atlas of Paxinos and Watson (1986). The effects were evaluated in acute (48 h after the lesion) and chronic (2 months after the lesion) stages. The animal experimental protocols performed in this study conformed to the guidelines of the European Union Council (86/609/EU). Sixteen male SpragueDawley adult rats (Harlan, Italy) were used. Animals were deeply anesthetized with chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg i.p.) and transcardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M PB pH 7.4. Coronal brain sections were cut (50 mm thick) with a vibrating microtome. Then sections were divided in three different subsets, one for each subclass of interneurons and immunostained by immunofluorescence method using primary antibodies against ChAT (mouse anti-ChAT 1:1,000; Sigma, St. Louis, MO), NOS (mouse anti-NOS 1:500; Sigma), and PV (mouse anti-PV 1:1,000; Sigma) diluted in PB 0.1 M containing 0.3% Triton X-100 and 2% goat serum. The neurotensin antibody was used at three different dilutions: 1:1,000, 1:500, and 1:200. Neurotensin-immunopositive elements were revealed using horse antirabbit IgG rhodamine-conjugated secondary antibody (TRITC; Sigma), while ChAT, PV, and NOS immunopositive elements were revealed using goat antimouse IgG fluorescein-conjugated secondary antibody (FITC; Sigma). In a group of sections the use of the two fluorochromes was reversed. To quantify the NT-IR neurons in the striatum, single immunohistochemistry for neurotensin was performed (1:1,000 rabbit antineurotensin; 1:100 biotinylated goat antirabbit, Vector, Burlingame, CA; 1:100 ABC) using DAB as chromogen for the peroxidase reaction. Then striatal sections (n 5 6) along the rostrocaudal length were Nissl-stained and NT-IR neurons were counted in a random fashion throughout the cross-sectional area of the striatum. Negative control sections were incubated with nonimmune serum instead of primary antibody. The immunolabeled sections were observed and recorded with a Zeiss LSM 510 confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Six sections along the rostrocaudal length of the dorsal striatum were examined for each animal. The brain hemisphere contralateral to the injection side was examined


Pain is arguably the most common symptom bringing patients to physicians. Neurologists need to be particularly attuned to the nuances of pain symptoms in order to determine whether the pain is due to primary involvement of the nervous system or is a nociceptive or somatic pain that is secondarily transmitted through pain pathways. As our knowledge of the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain becomes more sophisticated, and new treatments are developed, our ability to distinguish different types of neuropathic pain must become more sensitive. Equally important will be our ability to understand the common features of neuropathic pain. Does a treatment found to be effective for pain in diabetic neuropathy or postherpetic neuralgia have an equal likelihood of being therapeutic for neuropathic pain from other peripheral or CNS disorders? The Food and Drug Administration approval of pregabalin and duloxetine for diabetic neuropathic pain and postherpetic neuralgia but the off labeling for otherwise identical neuropathic pain from other causes highlights the importance of answering these questions.

In that context, in this issue of Neurology ® the article by Treede et al.1 is most welcome. It is a consensus report of scientists and clinicians with interest and expertise in peripheral neuropathy …


Introduction Bio-oils derived from the pyrolysis of bio-mass contain high amounts of oxygen (>10 wt.%) that contribute to the low heating value, high viscosity, and instability of these oils [1]. Removal of the oxygen by hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of bio-oils has been mostly reported over Co/Ni promoted MoS2 catalysts [2]. Furimsky et al. investigated the HDO of substituted phenols using oxidic and sulfided CoMo/Al2O3. Overall, the conversion over the two catalysts was similar [3]. Matsuda et al. have shown that bulk MoO3 with a surface area of 5 m/g can be transformed into a microporous MoOx catalyst with an increased surface area of 180 m/g after reduction in H2 at 623 K [4]. Bunch and Ozkan concluded that reduced MoOx catalysts carry out the same hydrogenolysis function as sulfided catalysts for the HDO of benzofuran [2]. The objective of this study is to further examine the effect of the oxidation state and ligand of Mo catalysts on the HDO of 4-methylphenol.


We propose that nanomaterials can be used for fibers. A novel nano-InP doped fiber has been fabricated by the method of modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD).It has been measured that the doping concentration is 0.1%. The relationship between refractive index and the wavelength is obtained by fitting experimental data to Sellmeier equation. Dispersion of the fiber has been calculated in the wavelength range 1.2-1.6μm. As the wavelength varies from 1.2μm to 1.60μm, dispersion parameter D increases but is always negative. It has found that the dispersion of nano-InP doped fibers is strongly changed compared to standard single-mode fibers, due to the nano-InP dopant which lead to a higher refractive index difference.


This paper demonstrates how a phased site investigation approach complements the design process for offshore wind farms. Examples are given showing how three-dimensional (3D) engineering ground models and real-time data analysis have been utilized by integrated project teams to maximize efficiencies, achieve cost and program savings, and reduce risk.
 In general, the aim of a site investigation should be to ensure that: Sufficient ground data is obtained for design, certification, and construction;Data collected is fit for purpose and fully integrated; andA comprehensive interpretation can be carried out with consideration of engineering design and construction requirements.
 In the authors' experience, offshore site investigations are most effective when a 'geoteam' (an integrated team of ground specialists including geologists, geotechnical engineers, geophysicists, and others) is assembled at an early stage in the project and carries out early optioneering studies followed by scoping, supervision, and interpretation of a phased site investigation program. Crucially, the geoteam must be able to read and communicate the ground from a designer's perspective and appreciate the Client's constraints and requirements. If they do this effectively, the geoteam will be able to scope a more efficient, targeted site investigation, and provide almost live updates to the engineering ground model. The model can in turn be used to inform real-time decisions being made by the developer, their offshore site investigation representative (Client Representative), and the wind farm's designer.
 Consideration of the 3D ground conditions is paramount and should always be combined with an appreciation of the site's geological history and earth surface processes to assess how geological variability and ground hazards may affect design. This will provide strong justification for the scope of site investigation works.
 While the UK and European wind farm market is maturing, with the first offshore wind farm in the UK constructed in the year 2000, the US market is currently in a period of rapid early development. Drawing on considerable experience gained from work in the UK and Europe, the authors present a designer's perspective of site investigation, describing lessons learnt from the scoping, execution, and interpretation of numerous site investigations for offshore wind farms.


Shape memory polymer (SMP) is a new kind of intelligent polymer, which can be activated by an external stimulus to change and subsequently recover its original shape. Due to this shape memory effect, SMP can be used in a wide range of engineering and biomedical applications. This paper details an application of SMP on manufacturing of a fracture fixation. The basic properties were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis, and the stress relaxation and fatigue were established. An SMP-based fracture fixator was designed, analyzed, and optimized. Finally, the fixator was fabricated and the fixed effects were verified by experiment in vitro. The performance of the SMP-based fixator was excellent and proved to be a potential replacement for the traditional fracture fixator.


This study focused on describing the ecology of Mauritian early adolescents' Internet- mediated dating/romance. It used a grounded theory analysis of 136 narrative interviews and eight focus group ...


Industry convergence is an industrial innovation accompanied by the information technology revolution and government deregulation.Facing changes of the competitive environment and the pressures of its own survival and development,tourism industry is also showing a growing trend of convergence with other industries.From the self-organization system point of view,tourism industry has a natural characteristic of convergence with other industries.However the obstacles of the system,enterprises and demands have stopped the effectiveness to play satisfactorily.Based on the perspective of tourism industrial convergence,this paper discussed its role in promoting competitiveness.It also put forward some proposals for improving the competitiveness and the convergence of tourism industry.


A fluidized-bed process for upgrading FCC naphtha ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst has been developed. The process is effective in reducing olefin and sulfur in gasoline, enhancing octane number, increasing yield of upgraded products and lowering gas and coke make. The study on the improvements of product distributions and reduction of olefins and sulfur at different reaction conditions shows that the lower reaction temperature and higher catalyst recycle rate favor the reduction of olefin and sulfur in upgraded naphtha. Otherwise, the cracked gas yield and propylene selectivity will go up. The upgraded gasoline yield is high for heavy naphtha fraction upgrading and olefin is low for full-range naphtha upgrading.


According to the Iowa Department of Transportation's crash database (GIS-ALAS), between 5% and 10% of all crashes in Iowa occur at commercial driveways. Most of these occur at arterials within municipalities. In recent years, nearly one-quarter of these crashes occurred in the Des Moines metropolitan area, making the area a prime candidate for improved access management. Case study research in Iowa has shown that access management is an effective highway safety tool: well-managed routes can be 40% to 50% safer than poorly managed routes. The Des Moines metropolitan area has many miles of older arterials that were constructed before access management was considered. This paper describes a cooperative effort of the Des Moines Area Metropolitan Planning Organization and the Center for Transportation Research and Education at Iowa State University to develop an access management study and program for the Des Moines metro area. The overall goal of the study is to use the knowledge developed to make improvements that will reduce access-related crashes. This project will also help local officials better consider access to avoid future safety and operational problems. The major task described in this paper was to identify and rank the Des Moines metro area's access management problems by using Iowa's GIS-ALAS database and other geospatial data. This process was developed to identify arterial segments in the metro area most promising for further investigation with regard to access management.


Nogalamycin, a new antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nogalater var. nogalater, has a varied spectrum of biological effects. The isolation, antibacterial activity, and whole-animal toxicity of the antibiotic will be separately described.' This paper summarizes studies on the cytotoxicity of nogalamycin, and proposes a biochemical basis of its action on mammalian cells. Experimental Methods and Materials.-Cytotoxicity of nogalamycin against KB cells was determined by the method of Smith et al.2 The effects of nucleic acids and their derivatives, amino acids, and vitamins on cytotoxicity of a given substance were determined as described previously.3 To determine the inhibition of incorporation of radioactive precursors into DNA, RNA, and protein of intact cells, the precursors were added to KB cell monolayers at concentrations which permitted maximal incorporation rates and the cells were harvested after 2 hr. Cells were washed thrice with 10 per cent cold trichloroacetic acid and then fractionated to separate RNA and DNA by the Schmidt-Thannhauser method.4 RNA was determined by the orcinol method,5 and DNA by Burton's modification of the diphenylamine method.6 Cell protein was determined by the method of Oyama and Eagle.7 Radioactive samples were counted in a Packard Tri-carb scintillation counter. Bacterial DNA was extracted from cells in the log phase by the method of Marmur.8 Calf thymus DNA, yeast RNA, and E. coli sRNA were obtained from Worthington Biochemical Corp., Calbiochem, and General Biochemicals, respectively. Apurinic DNA was prepared from calf thymus DNA by the method of Tamm et al.9 The melting temperature (Tm) of DNA was determined with a recording thermospectrophotometer (Gilford Instruments Co.).10 The accepted GC content of DNA was that reported by Sueoka."I The difference spectra were measured in the Cary spectrophotometer, in specially designed cuvettes described by Trowne,'2 by the method of Goldberg et al."3 For the direct demonstration of binding of nogalamycin to DNA, mixtures of the drug and DNA in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7) were extracted with ethyl acetate as described under Figure 2. The effect of nogalamycin on vaccinia and PR8 influenza virus was determined by the method of Siminoff,14 on herpes simplex by a modification of the method of Crowther and Melnick.15


This article aims to introduce the relationships between the requirements of the care of soul and the demands of self-knowledge as presented in the platonic dialogue First Alcibiades, pointing the strong connection of self-improvement with the polis' improvement. The erotic, theological, ethical and political dimensions are also firmly connected in the dialogue, given that the formation of the politician requires the bond between the disciple and the master which is the guide toward the recognition of the divinity, because to know yourself means, at the end, know the soul, and in the soul, god. The soul formed in such a way will know how to drive itself properly, and will be able to govern itself and the city.


sion report on the reorganization of the executive branch of the federal government, legislatures in twenty-seven states have authorized reorganization studies or investigations directed at overhauling and streamlining state governments. In many instances, state reorganization commissions have been created for this purpose; in others, established agencies-usually legislative councils-will do the job. It is to be hoped that the current efforts will be more successful than were those made


This paper presents the results of a study on the rationales and management of educational services in two local districts in the city of Piura, Peru. The study is based on two hypotheses: (1) heterogeneity affects the ability of local governments to be in charge of educational competencies, and (2) managing involving participatory practices creates better performance conditions. The study focused on observing the priority of education in the rational of municipal management, within a framework of changes that demands the decentralization and administrative reform of the state government.
In order to account for the changes in regulations and administration in the decentralization process, an approach of bureaucratic configurations is adopted to address the institutional heterogeneity of state government. The organizational structure of both municipalities considered is analyzed within local context, considering structural hierarchies and internal coordination levels, their composition and organization, the dynamics of work activities by municipal clerks and employees, and the available budget and spending.
The analysis of local government management provides the basis for assessing educational management in both municipalities. The managerial strategies of educational services are explored, considering the municipal prospective on management. In the cases studied it is found that, with different implications, political legitimation is tangled up with technical rationalization, which results in a detriment to efforts for improving education. This does not imply that there might not be proper conditions for building local models of educational management, but that there are rather complex variables and interests that constraint municipal action and participation in management. This work is aimed at contributing to the debate on the role of local governments in managing education.


This study aimed to investigate whether significant relationship exists between the affective components of learning such as academic motivation and self-efficacy on demonstrating technical skills among students and their level of academic performance in Exploratory TLE mini-courses. The study is descriptive-correlational in nature, which employed a questionnaire to gather the data. The study found that most of the junior high school respondents were at the approaching proficiency level in terms of dressmaking/tailoring and beauty care services. Meanwhile, most of the respondents were at the proficient level in terms of bread and pastry and production and mechanical drafting. It was also found that a significant relationship exists between students' academic motivation and their performance in both bread and pastry and production and beauty care services mini-courses. Furthermore, there is a significant positive relationship between the respondents' self-efficacy and their academic performance in the four TLE mini-courses covered. Based from the findings, a plan of action on strengthening the integration of affective targets in teaching TLE mini-courses could be recommended.


A finite element (FE) modelling study on the progressive collapse of steel frames under a sudden column removal scenario is presented. The FE models were developed with refined shell elements using the general purpose FE software package ABAQUS. Using the numerical simulations, the dynamic amplification factor in the progressive collapse of the steel frames was assessed. The validated FE models were further applied to identify the collapse modes of planar steel frames and evaluate the influences of a range of mechanical and geometrical parameters on the progressive collapse and the robustness. The results showed that, for a column-instability induced progressive collapse mode, the influences of the damping are larger than the influences of the strain rate of material on the robustness. However, for the connection-failure induced progressive collapse mode, the influences of the strain rate are larger than the damping. The type of the steel frame and the location of the column removal were both found to play an important role in influencing the critical load and the robustness of steel frames


Along with the growth of human being thought and technology everything also becomes quickly. Therefore, a testing application program for field and ring was designed. This program could test a limited system of mathematics structure, on whether it represented field and ring. The process was done by including element at tables of Cayley which had been provided and later it can be obtained the end result of formulation conditions, was it including field and ring. The designed of testing application program on ring and field had run better and gave result which was equal to manual way. This application program was developed using Ianguage programs of Delphi 6.0. with operating system of Microsoft Windows 2000 and this program could help tools to facilitate the mathematics structure testing that were more efficient on ring and field.


In this article, I discuss webtexts as a multi-genre, multi-mediated type of research publication. After briefly describing what webtexts are, how they function, what their histories have looked like, and what media have been used to design them, I examine more closely what genres have been assigned to them and how those genres have fluctuated across time. This article explores how the genres of webtexts can be difficult to stabilize due to their technological and media innovations. This lack of stability is an unsolved preservation problem that rich metadata can partially ameliorate so that readers can interpret and interact with webtexts into the future. Although there doesn't exist any official controlled vocabulary for metadata that would apply to webtext genres, this article outlines one attempt at creating a vocabulary for webtexts and their media elements that attends to their historical and generic shifts.


. In a recent paper by the author it was shown that the only invariants for Z^-equivariant cutting and pasting (where p is an odd prime and Z p is the cyclic group of order p) are oriented Z^-stratified cobordism and certain Euler characteristic criteria. This paper shows that for certain classes of Z 2 -manif olds, i.e., mani folds with involution, there are Z 2 -equivariant cutting and pasting results analogous to the odd prime case. An example is given to show that the results for Z^-manifolds do not strictly carry over to Z 2 -manifolds.


A review is provided of social issues posed by the reproductive technologies of artificial insemination by donor, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, surrogate motherhood, surrogate embryo transfer, and the implantation of previously frozen embryos. These issues include possible use unrelated to infertility, status of the embryo, identification of parents, donor screening and anonymity, and commercialization. The policy recommendations of Great Britain's Warnock Committee and Australia's Waller Committee are briefly discussed, as is the current absence of a comparable commission in the United States. Prompt state legislative action is proposed to establish the gestational mother as legal mother and to forbid the sale of human embryos. Action by professional organizations and a national advisory commission are recommended to formulate social policy protecting the interests of children resulting from reproductive technologies.


The cartoons reproduced in this album represent almost the complete Thompson Family collection. They are reproduced as a tribute to the author. (non-author abstract)


The study presents research aimed at developing a decision model allowing to reduce Carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere during corn harvesting for the needs of agricultural biogas plants. In order to develop this model, it is important to determine the optimal number of transport sets used during the transport process. It has been proved that it is possible to build a criterion function based on the time of transport (transfer to the place of loading, loading itself, transit to the place of storage, unloading), which results in the minimum number of transport sets used in this process. Presenting the possibilities of determining the optimum number of sets minimizing the set criterion function is the purpose of the study. The analysed criterion function represents the average cost (Carbon dioxide emission) per the time unit of the subject system composed of a forage harvester and transport assemblies.


between countries. Here is an area where national census bureaus should collaborate with local-level field workers to develop appropriate data bases on women's work, which are comprehensive nationwide, but also include in-depth sample surveys on specific issues, such as time allocation patterns. The third section takes the issue of women's work and development in different directions. Research findings from Indonesia (Mayling Oey), Bangladesh (Sharifa Khatun, Rafiqul Huda Chaudhury), and Pakistan (Nasra Shah) provide useful insights into such topics as the relationship between women's expectations and limited job opportunities, education, and fertility patterns. These articles examine important hypotheses and bring new data to the fore. The final section on program issues contains four papers. The first (Florence McCarthy) provides an informed statement of the programmer's inside view versus the outsider's view held by officials, expatriate program evaluators, and even urban nationals. The case discussed is the functioning and impact of the IRDP (Integrated Rural Development Programme) Pilot Project in Population Planning and Rural Women's Cooperatives in Bangladesh. Sex biases in the design, implementation, and evaluation of development programs are shown to be devastating, and solutions are suggested that can reduce some of the barriers to improvement. The next two papers address aspects of nonformal education for women in Bangladesh (Shamima Islam) and Pakistan (Satnam Mahmud). The last contribution (Ela Bhatt) is a collection of facts and thoughts on SEWA (Self-Employed Women's Association) in India, nicely strung together and providing an upbeat conclusion. Anyone concerned with women-in-development issues in Asia, and elsewhere, should make the acquaintance of this book. It provides tasty samples in several subject areas and access to research findings that do not often surface in the literature available in developed countries. It will be useful for graduate seminars concerned with modern Asia, women, and development. Some of the articles will be excellent additions to upper-division reading lists. And its price makes the book affordable. Women and Development will aid in promoting concern for—and knowledge of—the interrelationship between development efforts and women's roles in countries of South and Southeast Asia, among both students of the subject and high-level policy makers. One hopes that, just as some of the policy recommendations are accepted, so too will some of the research needs be met in future years. This book points the way to improved policy and informed research.


FIELD: information technology. SUBSTANCE: wireless communication device configured to reduce false alarms in a communication system comprises a processor configured to generate a sequence of signal elements using a structured code and interleaving the sequence of signal elements before transmission. The sequence of signal elements is interleaved by recording the sequence of signal elements into a pseudorandomly selected signal element cells, and a memory device connected to the processor; wherein the processor maps a message to one Walsh code from a plurality of Walsh codes, wherein the structured code is that Walsh code to which the message is mapped. EFFECT: reduced false alarms due to Doppler shift in a wireless communication system. 24 cl, 12 dwg, 1 tbl


Background: For a long time, oncologists have believed that the main factors underlying carcinogenesis are related to genetic abnormalities or protracted mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction, which are core reasons for carcinogenesis. In this lecture, a discussion is made on how to demonstrate that mitochondria respiratory dysfunction might be the true causal factor underlying carcinogenesis by presenting evidence obtained in an experiment in which a specific herbal medicine is used to inhibit the oxygen respiration of cancer cells and cancer re-differentiation-inducing treatment is exploited to return cancer cells to normal cells. Furthermore, public hygiene data show that carcinogenesis is derived from food and life style diseases. Methods: First experiment: The author discovered a specific herbal medicine that selectively affects cancer mitochondrial respiration function. It was hypothesized that if this herbal medicine has an impact on the symptoms of cancer, then the results would demonstrate that carcinogenesis originates from mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction. Second experiment: The author exploited a cancer re-differentiation-inducing treatment developed 5 years ago that allowed him to treat cancer patients noninvasively. This treatment was highly successful and did not require chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Results: The herbal medicine (Sun Advance) had an impact on most of the symptoms of cancer in the basic medical experiments. Furthermore, successful results were obtained for undifferentiated ovarium cancer and Leimyo-sarcoma patients treated with the re-differentiation-inducing treatment. Conclusion: Carcinogenesis is a form of mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction. Therefore, primary cancer prevention and recurrence prevention programs should advocate for life-style changes and re-differentiation inducing treatment.


As research of Ixeris Cass chemical composition in-depth,its pharmacological activity is got more and more attentions.The domestic and foreign literatures were reviewed in recent ten years,through overview about the related research of the chemical composition and pharmacological activity,to provide reference and basis for the further research and development of Ixeris Cass.


Importance
Although the incidence of acute appendicitis among adults 65 years and older is high, these patients are underrepresented in randomized clinical trials comparing nonoperative vs operative management of appendicitis; it is unclear whether current trial data can be used to guide treatment in older adults.

Objective
To compare outcomes following nonoperative vs operative management of appendicitis in older adults and assess whether they differ from results in younger patients.

Design, Setting, and Participants
This retrospective cohort study used US hospital admissions data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's National Inpatient Sample from 2004 to 2017. Of 723 889 adult patients with acute uncomplicated appendicitis, 474 845 with known procedure date who survived 24 hours postprocedure and did not have inflammatory bowel disease were included (43 846 who were treated nonoperatively and 430 999 with appendectomy) were included. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to April 2022.

Exposures
Nonoperative vs operative management.

Main Outcomes and Measures
The primary outcome was incidence of posttreatment complications. Secondary outcomes included mortality, length of stay, and inpatient costs. Differences were estimated using inverse probability weighting of the propensity score with sensitivity analysis to quantify effects of unmeasured confounding.

Results
The median (IQR) age in the overall cohort was 39 (27-54) years, and 29 948 participants (51.3%) were female. In patients 65 years and older, nonoperative management was associated with a 3.72% decrease in risk of complications (95% CI, 2.99-4.46) and a 1.82% increase in mortality (95% CI, 1.49-2.15) along with increased length of hospitalization and costs. Outcomes in patients younger than 65 years were significantly different than in older adults, with only minor differences between nonoperative and operative management with respect to morbidity and mortality, and smaller differences in length of hospitalization and costs. Morbidity and mortality results were somewhat sensitive to bias from unmeasured confounding.

Conclusions and Relevance
Nonoperative management was associated with reduced complications in older but not younger patients; however, operative management was associated with reduced mortality, hospital length of stay, and overall costs across all age groups. The different outcomes of nonoperative vs operative management of appendicitis in older and younger adults highlights the need for a randomized clinical trial to determine the best approach for managing appendicitis in older patients.


THE multiplicity of treatments reported in the literature on the subject of chronic ulcers of the skin is evidence that no one treatment has adequately met the required standards of being bactericidal, nontoxic, stimulating to the growth of epithelium and granulation tissue, giving prompt, effective and uniform results and being cheap and easy to use. During a tour of duty with the Army in the Pacific Theater of Operations, I had occasion to see a number of cases of chronic skin ulcerations, of varied etiologies. Each of these cases was treated with the rosaniline dye, brilliant green, and the results . . .


. We investigate one-loop quantum corrections to the power spectrum of adiabatic perturbation from entropy modes/adiabatic mode cross-interactions in multiple DBI inflationary models. We find that due to the non-canonical kinetic term in DBI models, the loop corrections are enhanced by slow-varying parameter ǫ and small sound speed c s . Thus, in general the loop-corrections in multi-DBI models can be large. Moreover, we find that the loop-corrections from adiabatic/entropy cross-interaction vertices are IR finite.


Children are important asset for a country's future and development. Their health and well-being matter in determining their productivity in the future. However, obesity rates amongst children in Indonesia is on the rise. Ministry of Health in Indonesia reported the highest national prevalence of obesity occurred in children aged 5-12 years (18.8%), followed by groups 13-15 years (10.8 %), and 16-18 years (7.3%). Obesity itself is caused by increased intake of sugar and fat that are mostly found in prepared food and junk food as well as low physical activity. Accordingly, prepared food consumption is on the rise as well due to the modern fast-paced lives these days. Using data from Indonesian Family Life Survey wave 5, this paper aims to find association between family's characteristics and children's health status. The result shows economic class have no significant effect on children's health status. On the other hand, mother's years of schooling, mother's health, fast food consumption and father's smoking behaviour have a significant association on children's health. The outcome of mother's well-being give positive effect on children's health since they are traditionally the caregiver of the family, hence with better well-being, they are able to create better environment for the children.


This paper is aimed to probe into the compatibility of Ceftazidime Injection with routine transfusion solutions to guide reasonable clinical medication.The relevant literatures were collected and analyzed.The results indicates that Ceftazidime Injection in routine transfusion solutions can be used,but must be used with cautions to ensure medication security.


Criminal Law course is one of the main subjects in the curriculum at the Faculty of Law. The Criminal Law course at the UNISSULA Faculty of Law is a skills course in the field of law. Inquiry learning method is an innovation carried out by lecturers in order to prioritize student activity, being critical of contemporary legal problems and prioritizing problem solving. This is in line with the current curriculum, the Indonesian National Qualification Framework (KKNI) where students become centers of learning known as Student Centered Learning (SCL). The problem solving offered is to make the Qur'an, Hadith and Ar-Ra'yu (use of the human mind) in the form of ijma, ijtihad, qiyas, urf, and others.


When facing changing environments in the real world, the lightweight model on client devices suffers from severe performance drops under distribution shifts. The main limitations of the existing device model lie in (1) unable to update due to the computation limit of the device, (2) the limited generalization ability of the lightweight model. Meanwhile, recent large models have shown strong generalization capability on the cloud while they can not be deployed on client devices due to poor computation constraints. To enable the device model to deal with changing environments, we propose a new learning paradigm of Cloud-Device Collaborative Continual Adaptation, which encourages collaboration between cloud and device and improves the generalization of the device model. Based on this paradigm, we further propose an Uncertainty-based Visual Prompt Adapted (U-VPA) teacher-student model to transfer the generalization capability of the large model on the cloud to the device model. Specifically, we first design the Uncertainty Guided Sampling (UGS) to screen out challenging data continuously and transmit the most out-of-distribution samples from the device to the cloud. Then we propose a Visual Prompt Learning Strategy with Uncertainty guided updating (VPLU) to specifically deal with the selected samples with more distribution shifts. We transmit the visual prompts to the device and concatenate them with the incoming data to pull the device testing distribution closer to the cloud training distribution. We conduct extensive experiments on two object detection datasets with continually changing environments. Our proposed U-VPA teacher-student framework outperforms previous state-of-the-art test time adaptation and device-cloud collaboration methods. The code and datasets will be released.


Objectives: To compare a new method of ganglion management, efficacy of resolution, frequency of complications and recurrence of managing dorsal wrist ganglions with aspiration followed by intracystic injection of Methylprednisolone and surgical excision and our new procedure Silk thread passed through the ganglion. Study Design : A prospective descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: This is a prospective study conducted at the Department of Surgery Erbil Teaching Hospital-Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq from April 2005 to June 2014. Patients and Methods: A total of 785 patients were included in this study,120 cases were excluded from the study because they were lost to follow-up. All patients were thoroughly examined to exclude the other causes of wrist swelling. The patients were divided into three groups A, B &C according to their choice of treatment. Group A were treated by surgical excision, Group B were treated by aspiration followed by steroid injection and group C by Silk thread passed through the ganglion. Baseline Data were recorded preoperatively and postoperative data were obtained at the intervals of 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. At the end of 6 months the data form was completed and results analyzed. Results: Patient's satisfaction was higher in Group C after Silk thread passed through the ganglion followed by surgical excision even if the ganglions recurred. The recurrence rate was 4 % in Silk thread passed and 24% surgical excision group and 43% in aspiration with steroid injection in group B. Conclusion: In this study Silk thread passed through the ganglion had better results compared to surgical excision and to aspiration and injection of Methylprednisolone.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the evolution, implementation and effectiveness of the Pay Equity Act in Ontario, Canada. Given that this Act is considered by many as the world's most progressive equal pay for work of equal value legislation, there are important implications for policy globally.Design/methodology/approach – Through a review of relevant documents and the literature, the paper examines the need for the Pay Equity Act in Ontario, its origins, and with two decades of experience, analyze its effectiveness. A case study is also used to assess related procedures and effects of the law.Findings – In spite of its limitations and the wide pay gap that still exists between men and women, many female workers have benefited from Ontario's progressive Pay Equity Act. In targeting the discriminatory aspect of women's work evaluations, the Act has resulted in pay increases for thousands of women, especially in the public sector.Practical implications – There are many practical and socia...


The high penetration of third-party intellectual property is accompanied with severe security issues, and thus, security constraints during task scheduling have recently been proposed for protecting multiprocessor system-on-chip systems. However, these security constraints incur significant overheads in terms of the schedule length and design cost. In this paper, the multi-dimensional design optimization space (schedule length, design cost, area, and security) is explored, and two task scheduling approaches in the context of security constraints are proposed. In resource-constrained task scheduling approach, the maximum clique of a vendor violation graph is accurately calculated, enabling a minimized number of security constraint violations under the vendor constraint. In addition, task scheduling is conducted alongside vendor assignment to optimize the schedule length. In performance-constrained task scheduling approach, a max-flow min-cut-based task clustering method is first proposed to iteratively reduce the schedule length of the graph containing all critical paths. Then, vendor assignment is performed by solving a graph coloring problem, and all tasks are finally scheduled with an optimization of hardware resources. The experimental results demonstrate that our resource-constrained task scheduling approach reduces the schedule length by 28.2% with all security constraints satisfied; besides, 18.0% cores are saved by our performance-constrained task scheduling approach.


A Bayesian Belief Network (BN) has been developed to predict fractures in the subsurface during the early stages of oil and gas exploration. The probability of fractures provides a first-order proxy for spatial variations in fracture intensity at a regional scale. Nodes in the BN, representing geologic variables, were linked in a directed acyclic graph to capture key parameters influencing fracture generation over geologic time. The states of the nodes were defined by expert judgment and conditioned by available datasets. Using regional maps with public data from the Horn River Basin in British Columbia, Canada, predictions for spatial variations in the probability of fractures were generated for the Devonian Muskwa shale. The resulting BN analysis was linked to map-based predictions via a geographic information system. The automated process captures human reasoning and improves this through conditional probability calculations for a complex array of geologic influences. A comparison between inferred high fracture intensities and the locations of wells with high production rates suggests a close correspondence. While several factors could account for variations in production rates from the Muskwa shale, higher fracture densities are a likely influence. The process of constructing and cross-validating the BN supports a consistent approach to predict fracture intensities early in exploration and to prioritize data needed to improve the prediction. As such, BNs provide a mechanism to support alignment within exploration groups. As exploration proceeds, the BN can be used to rapidly update predictions. While the BN does not currently represent time-dependent processes and cannot be applied without adjustment to other regions, it offers a fast and flexible approach for fracture prediction in situations characterized by sparse data.


Melasma is an acquired, chronic, variable incidence hypermelanosis. It is characterized by macules located in areas exposed to the sun. It has been a pathology difficult to manage due to the low response to treatments, although chemical peels remain a key tool. Peelings based on azelaic acid, in concentrations greater tan 20%, produce an induced chemical peel, with progressive precipitation of epidermal proteins with minimal melanocytic reaction, antiproliferative and cytotoxic action in melanocytes, with inhibition of mitocondrial oxidoreductase activity and synthesis of DNA reduces hyperpigmentation by inducing desquamation and an inhibitory effect on tyrosinase. Dermatoscopy and trichromatic analysis facilitate the characterization and monitoring of dermatosis. The development of a protocol that allows the quantification, location, and distribution of the pigment, thanks to the calculation of pixels in each RGB channel, would be very useful to establish an appropriate treatment.


DiXP is a multi-platform data collection program decoupled from low-level basic hardware management and based on the idea of client/server remote control. The main function of DiXP is the sequential coordination of those basic operations, allowing different strategies for the collection, archiving and graphical representation of measured data. DiXP and the control software reside, in general, on different computers and communicate with one another via the Internet using TCP sockets. The disconnection between low-level handling and the measurement process makes DiXP of general use for controlling a two-circle diffractometer, and this approach can be easily extended to more complex goniometers.


The article presents the results of the study of the influence of the timing and methods of green operations on the formation of the crown and the yield of peach cultivar Red Haven. It was found that the application of green operations significantly reduces the time of subsequent spring pruning (4 times). After carrying out green operations, the crown of the future tree is formed in a timely manner, without thickening and improving the conditions for the formation of the future quality of the crop, as well as significantly reducing the financial costs of pruning trees.


A basic-variable, explicit finite difference scheme is used to solve the unsteady and strongly pressure-coupled velocity problems of liquid flows induced both by thermosolutal buoyancies and solidification shrinkage in a binary alloy solidification process. A sample calculation, performed on an IBM personal computer, for a horizontally solidified Al-4.5%Cu alloy in a high-H/L ratio cavity with a top riser shows that the shrinkage established pressure gradient in the mushy region can be several hundred, even several thousand, times larger than that in the bulk liquid region.


Weak panpsychism, the view that mindlike qualities are widespread in nature, has recently been argued for by the prominent ecofeminist Val Plumwood and has been used by her to ground an ethic of respect for nature. This ethic advocates a principle of respect for difference, the rejection of moral hierarchy and the inclusion of plants, mountains, rivers and ecosystems within the moral community. I argue that weak panpsychism cannot, convincingly, justify the rejection of moral hierarchy, as it is compatible with it. Also the intentional criterion of mind, employed by weak panpsychism, which includes teleology, has the counter-intuitive implication of giving machines moral status. I cast doubt on the claims that (i) intentionality is a necessary condition for moral status and that (ii) it is sufficient for the ascription of agency. It is suggested that any account of intentionality that allows it to be predicated of mountains, rivers etc. would be widely, and correctly regarded as a reductio of that account. Finally an aesthetic reinterpretation of weak panpsychism is offered.


Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) may be the most troublesome and studied weed on golf courses in the United States. Given the genetic variability of annual bluegrass and its ability to adapt to different environments, it is important to understand how control methods vary across environments or regions. Our objective was to evaluate seven season-long regimes of herbicide or growth regulators for annual bluegrass control in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera Huds.) putting greens over 3 or 4 years in three states in the midwestern United States. Depending on the product, applications were made as often as every 2 weeks from April through September. Effectiveness of treatments varied widely by location and time, with treatments most effective in Indiana and Nebraska. Paclobutrazol was the most effective plant growth regulator for annual bluegrass control, followed closely by flurprimidol. Intermediate at reducing annual bluegrass was flurprimidol + trinexapac-ethyl and trinexapac-ethyl was ineffective. Among herbicides, the now discontinued experimental cumyluron was most effective and four applications of bispyribac-sodium at 2 oz/acre every 2 weeks in August and September was more effective than 1 oz/acre applied every 2 weeks from May through September or applications of cumyluron. Though a number of products will reduce annual bluegrass on golf greens, overall control was relatively low, reinforcing the need to maximize cultural practices before attempting chemical control. Furthermore, our results reinforce the importance of superintendents' experimenting and refining treatment regimes in their specific location to maximize efficacy. Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.; ABG) may be the most troublesome weed on golf courses worldwide. Annual bluegrass's genetic diversity, ability to adapt to varying environments, and reproductive capacity from seed enable it to thrive in golf course turf. A number of herbicides and growth regulators are labeled and effective for ABG control on fairwayheight cool-season grasses. Paclobutrazol is a growth regulator that inhibits gibberellic acid (GA), and multiple applications effectively reduce ABG cover in fairway-height creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera Huds.; CBG) (Isgrigg et al., 1999a, 1999b; Johnson and Murphy, 1995, 1996; McCullough et al., Published in Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management DOI: 10.2134/cftm2014.0050 © 2015 American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Zachary Reicher, Professor; and Matt Sousek, Research Technologist; Dep. of Agronomy & Horticulture, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583. Aaron Patton, Associate Professor; and Dan Weisenberger, Research Agronomist; Dep. of Agronomy, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907. Aaron Hathaway, Research Assistant, Dep. of Plants, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824. Ronald Calhoun, Director of Education, Training and Outreach, Residex Professional Pest and Turf Management Supply, Novi, MI 48377. Zachary Reicher, current address: Bayer Crop Sciences, 2483 County Rd. A., Denton, NE 68339. Received 9 June 2014. Accepted 18 Feb. 2015. *Corresponding author (firstname.lastname@example.com). Abbreviations: ABG, annual bluegrass; AUPPC, area under percent Poa curve; CBG, creeping bentgrass; GA, gibberellic acid. Published July 17, 2015


[Objective] To study the resources of the wild medicinal plant and their distributive characteristics and composition in the mountain region of Tangshan for providing the basis for the utilization of these resources of medicinal plant. [Methods] The authors have gone deep into the representative plot area and have investigated the resources of the medicinal plant. They have also collected and identified specimens, studied the literature and so on. [Results] The investigation has showed that there are 113 family, 301 genus, 382 species of wild medicinal plant in the mountain regions of Tangshan. Among them, there are 7 family, 8 genus, 11 species of fern; 5 family, 6 genus, 8 species of gymnosperm; 9 family, 36 genus, 42 species of monocotyledon; 92 family, 251 genus, 321 species of dicotyledon. [Conclusion] The mountain regions of Tangshan is rich in resources of wild medicinal plants, and the prospects of the development and utilization are more brightening.


Hongxing area which is locating in Yichun,southeast Heilongjiang province,is geologically at the binding site of Bulieya-Jiamusi block and Zhangguangcailing orogenic belt.The late Triassic alkali-granite of this area is composing of syenogranite,alkali-feldspar granite and sodium-amphibole and aegirine bearing alkali-granite.In terms of geochemistry,those alkali-granites are rich in silicon and alkali,and poor in CaO and MgO,with high iron to magnesium ratios;rich in F,Zr,Nb,Ce,Ga,rare earth elements(REE),Y,Zn,and poor in Sr,P,Ti,with high gallium to aluminum ratio,obviously fractionated light REE to heavy REE and intensive Eu negative anomaly.In the discriminate diagram for genesis of granites,those rocks are all fall in the A-type granite area,and combined with the rich in alkali and poor in aluminum characters,indicating they should belong to ultra-alkali A-type granite.On the trace elements spider diagram,those rocks have got obviously negative anomalies of Ba,Sr,P and Ti,reserving arc magma geochemical affinity,with high Y/Nb and Y/Ta ratios(1.55~3.27 and 13.5~44.00,respectively).In the sub-category diagram for A-type granite rocks,those rocks fall in A2 granite area.All the above geochemical evidence indicated that those alkali-granites are formed in the post-orogenic extensional tectonic setting.


there is nothing new to learn. Yet the mere fact that it is so common means that its costs, in aggregate, loom large and thus become targets for cost savings initiatives. So, what can be done when your cost accountants come knocking for savings? The most important topic of conversation in many automotive plants today is how to cut costs without reducing weld quality. This article presents a framework that can be used to effectively achieve lower costs. I believe that there is a plethora of buzzwords and "get results quick" schemes available today that neither reduce overall costs nor present a realistic approach to saving money. These schemes take a useful proven concept, such as "just in time" inventory management, and simplify and corrupt the approach, causing higher ancillary costs in related cost centers. Meanwhile, the consultants exit with fat check, leaving behind upset, dedicated, and frustrated employees who are all too aware of the higher overall costs.


In this paper, the problem of moving target detection (MTD) in distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar in non-homogeneous environments is addressed. The MTD is performed in the Doppler domain and the received signal disturbance is modeled using a linear combination of multiple discrete clutter scatterers whose Doppler frequencies and powers vary from one range bin to another and from one transmit- receive pair to another. We develop a computationally efficient algorithm for MTD using fast iterative interpolated beamforming (FIIB) techniques. Unlike existing MTD techniques which apply orthogonal projections to eliminate powerful clutter discretes from the cell under test, the proposed method mitigates the clutter in the frequency domain via spectral leakage elimination. The computational complexity of the proposed method is shown to be linearly proportional to the computational complexity of the fast Fourier transform, the number of iterations of the FIIB algorithm, and the number of discrete clutter components. It is also shown that the detection performance of the proposed method is similar to that of orthogonal projection based techniques, at a reduced computational cost. Simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


In airport planning process, there is always a crucial need for good and reliable air traffic demand estimate. It is equally important for airport authorities and airline carriers, for in the case of under estimated demand, there would be frequent congestions and delays. Conversely; overestimates would lead to unjustified expenditure which may lead to financial problems to all parties. The accurate and reliable models are not highly sophisticated in nature. In this paper, two econometric models were developed to forecast the passenger enplanements in two of the busiest airports in the United States of America. Many national and local socioeconomic variables were analyzed to come up with simple, yet accurate models. It was found that the total aggregate variables including per capita gross domestic production and population, have more influence on demand in the HartsfieldJackson Atlanta International Airport than the local variables, while the same factors, but in their regional scale, proofed to be more influencing in the case of John F Kennedy International Airport.


The present study is an attempt to compare WH-movement in English and Persian. In so doing, Chomsky's Government and Binding Theory has been used as the framework. Through the analysis of the examples provided, the researchers conclude that the application of WH-movement in English is to some extent similar to its application in Persian. Case filter principle, theta criterion and the dominance of case-generator over WH-word are among the similarities. The study also reveals some differences between English and Persian as far as generating interrogative sentences with question word is concerned. Mandatory nature of WH-movement rule in English as opposed to its optional nature in Persian, syntactic movement of question word in English as opposed to its non-syntactic nature in Persian, syntactic trigger of WH-movement in English as opposed to its pragmatic trigger in Persian and finally the fixed syntactic position of complimentizer phrase specifier for WH-words in English as opposed to different syntactic positions question words might have in Persian are among the differences.


The emphasis is on the effect of temperature gradient on the gas leak diffusion.Firstly analyze the diffusion regulation of indoor gas leakage on macroscopic.Then,a systematic research on the influence of leakage dispersion under various factors,looking for the corresponding mathematical equations.Finally,the effect of various factors on the gas leak diffusion was validated by numerical simulation,compare the effect of each factor,find out the powerful one.


This article provides an overview of the prehistory leading up to the abolition of serfdom in Russia, the proposals for peasant emancipation made by the provincial Committees of Gentry Deputies, the reception of these proposals by the Editing Commissions, and the debate on peasant emancipation in the Russian press. The focus of the article is on the misplaced impetus that led to the adoption of the communal ownership of peasant land as a centerpiece of the Great Reform legislation of 1861.


An exemplary embodiment provides a method for voice input information, system and computer program product. Conversion rules are applied to voice input. Generating entry field input, wherein said conversion rule allowing the speech input from the input input different fields, and wherein the speech input fuzzy input of the input field. The input data is filled in the application field of the input field is provided to the application, wherein the input field may be used.


The invention discloses a checkered art bamboo board and a method for manufacturing the checkered art bamboo board. The method comprises the following steps of bamboo selecting, bamboo piece manufacturing, cooking bleaching or charring, finish planing, gluing, glue jointing, scuffing, softening, slicing, leveling and sanding. The checkered art bamboo board manufactured through the method satisfies requirements for regeneration or recycling economy and environmental protection, has very good artistic effect, keeps the original fine texture feeling of bamboo wood, improves additional value of the bamboo wood, is simple in manufacturing method, and has good economic and social benefits.


This paper investigates the effects of real exchange rate uncertainty on manufactures exports from 28 emerging economies, representing 82\% of all developing country manufactures exports, and explores the sources of heterogeneity in the uncertainty effects by controlling for the direction of trade (South-North or South-South), and the level of financial development of the exporting country. The empirical results show that for more than half of the countries the uncertainty effect is unidirectional, either South-South or South-North, and the median impact is negative. In addition, while we find that financial development augments trade, exchange rate shocks can negate this effect. Last but not the least, trade among developing economies improves export growth under exchange rate shocks.


In this talk, we investigate Lepton Flavor Violating (LFV) tau decay by R-Parity Violating (RPV) operators controlled by a non-Abelian discrete $Q_6$ family symmetry. We assume that only a family symmetry determines the whole flavor structure of a model, and the model indicates specific predictions of LFV tau decay processes by RPV operators. We predict $BR(\tau \to 3e)/BR(\tau \to 3 \mu) \sim 4 m_{\mu}^2/m_{\tau}^2$ in a $Q_6$ family symmetric model.


A magnetically controlled multifrequency invisibility cloak with a single shell of the isotropic and homogeneous ferrite material has been investigated based on the scattering cancellation method from the Mie scattering theory. The analytical and simulated results have demonstrated that such this shell can drastically reduce the total scattering cross-section of this cloaking system at multiple frequencies. These multiple cloaking frequencies of this shell can be externally controlled since the magnetic permeability of ferrites is well tuned by the applied magnetic field. This may provide a potential way to design a tunable multifrequency invisibility cloak with considerable flexibility.


Preface. The Editors. Aims & Scope of Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research Book Series. Editors and Board of Advisors of Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research Book Series. Contents of Volumes 1 to 4. Safety Considerations and Caution. Dedication. List of Contributors. 1. Using biology to study long-term environmental change J.P. Smol, et al. 2. Pollen K.D. Bennett, K.J. Willis. 3. Conifer stomata G.M. MacDonald. 4. Plant macrofossils H.H. Birks. 5. Charcoal as a fire proxy C. Whitlock, C.P.S. Larsen. 6. Non-pollen palynomorphs B. van Geel. 7. Protozoa: testate amoebae L. Beyens, R. Meisterfeld. 8. Diatoms R.W. Battarbee, et al. 9. Chrysophyte scales and cysts B.A. Zeeb, J.P. Smol. 10. Ebridians A. Korhola, J.P. Smol. 11. Phytoliths D.R. Piperno. 12. Freshwater sponges T.M. Frost. 13. Siliceous protozoan plates and scales M.S.V. Douglas, J.P. Smol. 14. Biogenic silica D.J. Conley, C.L. Schelske. 15. Sedimentary pigments P.R. Leavitt, D.A. Hodgson. Glossary, Acronyms and Abbreviations. Subject Index.


The industrial PC is playing an increasingly significant role in the field of control technology. These days, machine and system builders can compile their own automation solutions using hardware and software components from a variety of manufacturers. This opens up a whole new world of options for implementing manufacturer independent, cost effective automation solutions. In order to prevent possible interface problems in these open solutions, the open control user group has defined the CALL interfaces. These CALL interfaces enable simple data exchange, not only during the design phase, but also during the runtime of an automation solution. In addition, CALL enables access to distributed components via a fieldbus system such as INTERBUS (or other).


Software is applied in more and more domain with the quickly development and application of the computer technology.At the same time,scale and complexity of software requirement is increasing day by day.Requirements analysis is a key activity in software life cycle,quality of software requirement can affect quality software directly.It selected an effective approach with the use of objected domain analysis to verification quality of requirement.


Since de end of century 20th, a number of classification systems have being proposed, by several authors, with the intention of, initially, facilitate the diagnosis and the orthodontic treatment, and later, be of efficiency and precision to the epidemiological studies. The Angle's classification (1899) became the measurements greater instrument of malocclusions during all last century. Because of its limitations, as much in the evaluation of malocclusions in vertical a transversal planes as for the criterion lack needed to be consider as an epidemiological instrument, many authors proposed others systems to replace the Angle's system, and to do so, the carried out many tests and comparatives studies with these methods and found optimal results. However, none of them was largely used. The World Health Organization (WHO), from 1997, started to recommend the use of quantitative nature registers to evaluate malocclusions. In the future, new index will be developed and standardized in the malocclusion study.


Nuclear structure plays an important role in heavy-ion fusion reactions at around Coulomb barrier energies by enhancing the fusion cross-section .When coupling of internal degrees of freedom take place with the relative motion of the reaction participants, a distribution of fusion barrier is observed instead of a single barrier [1]. Effects of channel coupling can be better visualised when the double derivative of the product of energy and fusion cross-section represents the fusion barrier distribution. Proper knowledge of quadrupole deformation parameter (β2) and hexadecapole deformation parameter (β4) can well account for the collective excitations due to rotation. Accurate values of β2 have been obtained using electromagnetic probes [2], but experimental determination of β4 is difficult with the results having large uncertainty and model-dependency. Various techniques like coulomb excitation, inelastic proton scattering have been used to obtain the value of β4. In recent time, attempts have been made to obtain β4 value using fusion. In the present experiment, we have obtained the value of β4 for 160 Gd using quasielastic (QEL) scattering at backward angles which is a process complementary to fusion.


Oral health has been linked to the presence of some systemic disorders in children and it has been suggested that dental caries are associated with obesity. The objective of this review was to compare the results of the evidence on the relationship between obesity and dental caries in children, so a CT and systematic search was performed using the term "dental caries","obesity", "overweight", and "underweight" in data bases such as Medline, Embase, Pubmed, and Ovid. 439 items were found and 15 articles out of them were selected since they met the inclusion criteria and exceeded an assessment of methodological quality. Findings were stored and organized in a database, they were statistically processed and analyzed considering odds ratios and the Pearson correlation coefficient reported. An overall prevalence of dental caries was 49.6 %; 52.5 % for obese, 46.8 % for non-obese. No association between dental caries and obesity was found in 9 of 15 studies. The consulted evidence suggests that there is no relationship between obesity and dental caries in children, because the prevalence of caries showed no statistically significant differences between obese and non-obese children.


This paper describes scenarios and discusses technological possibilities for implementing a mobile application to support medication management of elderly vision impaired people. The scenarios have been defined in workshops and discussions between technology providers, elderly care personnel, representatives of associations for blind, and pharmacy professionals complemented with observation of vision impaired elderly. Technological discussion evaluates the possibilities for implementing a medication support application with near-field communication (NFC) technology. The goal is to develop a mobile application concept that allows vision impaired elderly to manage their daily medication autonomously.


The article notes research has shown a wage gap concerning men's and women's compensation and also notes the authors' study on newly hired chief financial officers (CFOs) in the U.S. The study found the female CFOs' pay at two years into the job was about five percent less than the male CFOs. The assumptions that women want family-friendly working conditions and are less likely to leave the firm are mentioned. A strategy for preventing these stereotypes from impacting compensation is noted.