Modern multicore processors employ multiple phase-locked loops (PLLs) to operate individual cores at a power-optimal frequency. This paper presents techniques to implement such PLLs in a small area. The area occupied by classical charge-pump-based analog PLLs is mostly due to the large loop filter capacitor needed to implement the integral control portion of type-II response. Digital PLLs (DPLL) can eliminate the capacitor by implementing the integral control in digital domain but their jitter performance is degraded by the quantization error introduced by DPLL building blocks such as a time-to-digital converter (TDC). We seek to combine the advantages of analog (no quantization error) and digital (small area) PLLs by implementing the integral control using time-based techniques. To this end, a ring oscillator-based integrator (ROI) is used to implement the integral control. ROI integrates its input and generates an output in the form of a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal. While the ROI does not introduce quantization error, controlling the voltage controlled oscillator with the PWM signal introduces undesirable spurious tones. We propose to use a pseudo-differential ROI to mitigate these tones and achieve good jitter performance. Fabricated in 65 nm CMOS LP process, the prototype PLL occupies an active area of only 0.0021 mm2 and operates across a supply voltage range of 0.6 V to 1.2 V providing 0.4-2.6 GHz output frequencies. At 2.2 GHz output frequency, the PLL consumes 1.82 mW at 1 V supply voltage, and achieves 3.73 psrms integrated jitter. This translates to an FoMJ of -226.0 dB, which compares favorably with state-of-the-art designs while occupying the smallest reported active area.


A multitier stratification sample was designed to ensure representativeness. Three strata were selected: 3M Clinical Risk Groupings (CRGs), gender, and age1. 3M CRGs use longitudinal claims data to assign patients to a single, mutually exclusive, severity-adjusted risk group. The CRG stratum samples people based on health status and associated risk proportionally to the population. Gender is nested in each CRG strata and age strata are nested each gender strata. This sampling methodology produces an accurate representation of the population's risk, as well as gender and age within specific risk groups.


We know of thoughtful men, such as the Bargu official Damdinsuren, later the General of the Mongol army, who discussed problems of the day with each other. But what I missed at that time, and still miss, is the counterpart in theoretical writing to all this ferment. Hangin implies that the reason for the lack of such writings will have been Manchu intolerance. But the intellectual background to the independence movement of 1911 is a subject which still awaits its chronicler. This is a most welcome book and one hopes that it will find readers outside the small circles of Mongolists. C. R. BAWDEN


Off-axis electric field due to cylindrical distribution of charge is studied in various geometries, including solid cylinder, cylindrical shell, disk, and ring. The electric fields of the charged solid cylinder and cylindrical shell can be found by numerical calculations, but closed forms expressed in terms of elliptic integrals are derived for the charged disk and ring. By investigating the radial and axial components of the electric fields systematically we reveal many interesting and new features that are implicit or unseen in the ordinary approach based on the cylindrical symmetry.


In the past decade, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) research has attracted scholars' considerable interest. Based on a systematic review of 173 articles, we conducted a multilevel analysis including individual, group, market, and social level. We employed the social communication framework to summarize and classify prior eWOM studies. We further identified key factors from the antecedents, outcomes, mediators, and moderators of eWOM communication. The holisitc review will provide an important and synergistic foundation for future eWOM research.


The October 2001 issue of the American Journal of International Law contained several editorials on the international law implications of the hijackings of September 11, 2001, and their aftermath. In one respect these editorials resemble other writings on these events in academic and popular media: questions of sex and gender are largely overlooked. In our view, however, concepts of sex and gender provide a valuable perspective on these devastating actions. We use the term "sex" here to refer to issues about women as distinct biological beings from men, and the term "gender" to encompass social understandings of femininity and masculinity. Although the value of this distinction is much debated among feminist scholars, we find it helpful in this context.


The decorative methods of furs as edging material in fashion design and the innovative application in modern fashion design were disussed.These decorative methods and innovative applications should exceed the previous single appearance of fur as edging and appear the unique new multifunction.


The unexpected appearance of a visual stimulus initiates a well-defined sequence of motor events to foveate the stimulus in human and monkey, that is, a saccadic eye movement followed by a head movement and a compensatory eye movement for head t~rning.'.~ Investigation of this eye-head coordination in monkeys revealed that the initial saccade and the head movement are completely adequate even when a visual stimulus is turned off just prior to the saccade, and that they are centrally prepr~grammed.~ .~ It also was shown that the saccadic characteristics during head turning are adjusted by a negative vestibuloocular feedback.6 When the head is free to move, the amplitude, duration, and peak velocity of gaze exactly match those of saccade with the head immobilized.6 Here, gaze is defined as the sum of the eye position in orbit and the head position in space. In patients with cerebellar disorders, gaze dysmetria with and without head movements, and an abnormal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) have been o b s e r ~ e d . ~ ' ~ The purpose of this communication is to show how the gaze accuracy at the end of the initial saccade is changed when the head is free to move in comparison with the head-immobilized condition in patients with degenerative cerebellar diseases. We will show that the head-free condition for gaze shift decreases the frequency of occurrence of dysmetric gaze but does not change the amplitude of dysmetria. We also will show that the gain of the VOR does not correlate with dysmetric gaze either in frequency of occurrence or amplitude.


ABSTRACT The essay offers a critique of Hermen Kroesbergen's 2019 book titled The Language of Faith in Southern Africa: Spirit World, Power, Community, Holism. Kroesbergen holds that, far from offering additional information about reality (designation), in the African grammar of faith, references to the spirit world, power, community and holism, are in fact responses to the world (connotation): they provide a way to deal with that which cannot be explained, controlled or predicted. Special attention is given to Kroesbergen's creative account of a "material quality" of words. Three major criticisms of the book concern respectively: (a) the unfair dismissal of the role of African and Black theologies, (b) distracting references to the future of a global church considered from a distinctly Western perspective, and relatedly, (c) lack of an explicit link between Kroesbergen's personal commitment to the idea of a global church and his reflection on an African language of faith.


Case-based reasoning (CBR) implies that human beings try to solve problems by remembering, retrieving, and applying old cases stored as successful problem solving experiences. The purpose of this article is a modeling to develop a CBR solution for reliability analysis and quality control problems to help medium sized manufacturing companies, that many people can share their knowledge and experiences with each other, and beginners can make use of experts` knowledge and experiences to solve problems. A solution is composed of case libraries that store past cases, reasoning engines that retrieve information and cases using several reasoning methods, and input-output interface that communicates between user and the system.


How to realize the smooth switching of microgrid between grid-connected mode(GTM) and islandilng mode-(ILM) is a hot issue. For the ILM to GTM, this paper proposes a voltage and phase pre-synchronization link with frequency compensation, which solves the problem of frequency over-limit in the voltage pre-synchronization process and frequency jump at the moment of grid connection. For the GTM to ILM, the state follower is used to keep the input parameters of the inner loop unchanged, and on this basis, the d-axis reference phase follower is designed to satisfy the requirement that the d-axis reference angle remains unchanged at the switching moment, thus achieving a smooth transition. In order to verify the correctness of the theory, a master-slave microgrid simulation model was built on Matlab/Simulink, and the proposed control strategy was verified by simulation.


Sir,

Nontyphoidal salmonella (NTS) are a rare cause of infective cholecystitis with a rate of isolation that may not exceed 0.6% following cholecystectomy.1–,4 Recently, McCarron and Love found only three cases of acute cholecystitis (5.8%) in a cohort of 52 consecutive patients treated for NTS enterocolitis.1 Salmonella virchow , which accounts for one of the less invasive NTS serotypes, has rarely been reported to cause cholecystitis.1,3,,5 We describe a case of acute cholecystitis due to S. virchow complicated by septic shock and subsequent multiple organ failure.

A 72‐year‐old non‐alcoholic and non‐HIV‐infected man was admitted to the hospital with a 24‐h history of diarrhoea, vomiting and abdominal pain. His medical history was remarkable for myocardial necrosis 14 years ago, and rheumatoid arthritis treated with non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents. He was apyretic but dehydrated and oliguric. Laboratory studies revealed normal leucocyte count with 84% neutrophils, creatinine 860 μmol/l, blood urea nitrogen 29 mmol/l, and protein 80 g/l. Despite intravenous fluid recsucitation, the patient rapidly worsened and developed severe hypotension needing mechanical ventilation. He was then admitted to the intensive care unit. A Swan‐Ganz catheter was inserted for hemodynamic monitoring. …


Current methods for ultrasonic inspection of metals and other solid materials are limited by their inability to determine the geometry of concealed defects if these defects are comparable in size, or smaller than the width of the ultrasonic search beam. Whenever such relatively small flaws are involved, ultrasonic pulse echo testing, if conducted at a single frequency, will yield the flaw location only, but no information on the flaw geometry. It is therefore very difficult to interpret the test results. The difficulty can be overcome by introducing the novel ultrasonic test method described in this paper. In this procedure, ultrasonic signals are utilized which contain a broad band of frequencies, and in analogy to optics, can therefore be considered as "white" ultrasonic pulses. The form and spectral energy distribution, or "color," of such ultrasonic pulses is influenced by the geometry of a defect from which they are reflected. Hence, an analysis of the defect echo yields information on the defect con...


Presents a method for providing the 3-D spatial information of an object targeted by a remotely teleoperated robotic manipulator system for underwater operations. We use two CCD cameras to capture the raw input picture containing the target object. In order to cope with the rapidly changing undersea environment, we apply the fast image segmentation approach that incorporates watersheds analysis and SFT (Synchronous Feature Tuning) merging algorithm to accurately extract the object. In addition, in order to determine the center coordinates of the target object, a red-light laser is used to pinpoint the object, roughly at the center of the object. The red-light laser points on the two pictures are recognized and the corresponding 2-D coordinates of the two points are calculated. Based on the 2-D coordinates thus obtained, we employ the binocular stereo correspondence technique to determine the 3-D coordinates of the object. The experimental result has shown that, at one meter away from the remotely teleoperated robotic manipulator system, an error rate less than 3% can be achieved.


Report on on-going research into policy and guidelines for the provision of transport for children with special educational needs by Local Education Authorities, identifying institutional problems in defining the "users" of such services and their needs. Recent advances in the field of transport for people with special needs have highlighted relative lack of progress in corresponding provision for home-to-school transport. The research examines current practice in the area of transport for children with special educational needs and contrasts this with standards of vehicle design and operation gaining acceptance in the wider public transport field. The contribution of users to developing sensitive and responsive transport practice in passenger transport generally, through lobbying and example, has revolutionised the industry and influenced the thinking of manufacturers, operators and legislators. The research examines the conflicting priorities of those who can claim to be "users" of home- to-school transport for special needs children: schools, parents, local authorities as contracting agents, education welfare workers and pupils themselves. A variety of research techniques are necessary to establish the perceptions of these groups, particularly in the case of pupils who may have communication difficulties, and the authors have investigated innovative games and role-playing methods to discover pupil preferences. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 860283.


We propose a theoretically motivated procedure for measuring heterogeneity in firms' growth opportunities and document its empirical properties. The term "growth opportunities" refers to the component of a firm's market value that cannot be attributed to its assets in place. This decomposition of firm value underpins many of the theoretical models describing cross-sectional differences in firms' investment and stock return behavior. However, successful applications of such models depend on the quality of empirical measures of growth opportunities. Our procedure identifies economically significant differences in firms' growth opportunities which are not captured by the commonly used empirical measures. We base our approach on a theoretical model incorporating investment specific productivity shocks and heterogenous firms. Productivity shocks in the capital goods sector account for a significant fraction of observed growth variability, according to the literature on the real determinants of economic growth (Jeremy Greenwood, Zvi Hercowitz and Per Krusell 1997, Jonas D. M. Fisher 2006). Greenwood, Hercowitz and Krusell (1997) show that, empirically, investment specific shocks are negatively correlated with aggregate investment, both at business cycle and lower frequencies. Our model predicts that the sensitivity of firm stock returns to investment specific productivity shocks (z-shocks) is greater for firms that derive Growth Opportunities and Technology Shocks


Shofar ♦ An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies 1997; Hargreaves and McKinney, 1997; and Rosello, 1998) first comes to mind. Furthermore, while Abecassis describes the performative nature of Jewish identity, especially in the context of masquerade during the carnavalesque celebration of Purim, he never engages scholarship in performance studies. It seems important for Abecassis to illustrate how his work on Jewish identity could contribute to this field. As a final point, the subtitle of his book ("dissonant voices") implicitly references the ambivalent and ambiguous (i.e., queer) nature of Jewish identity; however, he never engages the scholarship in gender studies, gay and lesbian studies, or queer theory. This seems significant, given Cohen's attempt to manage a shameful identity when he assembles an altar to the French Republic from the confines of his own closet (p. 26). Abecassis could have also easily enhanced his reading of Solal's own phallic phobia, dissonance, femininity, and inability to perform as a court Jew through such a theoretical lens. Nevertheless, this is not Abecassis' primary objective, and he presents a clear and accessible analysis of the issues surrounding Jewish identity and citizenship in twentieth-century France. This book is an overdue addition to French and Jewish Studies and would work well in courses that deal with Jewish identity, antisemitism and the Holocaust in France, and multicultural literature, as well as performance studies, citizenship, and writing from "the closet." Denis M. Provencher University of Maryland, Baltimore County


The study area is a small part of Izmir province. In the study, the geographical features of the Urla Peninsula are analysed. The Urla peninsula is an important place because of its location.  The article gives information on the annual rate of population change of the Urla Peninsula.


MDA seems to be one of the most promising approaches for designing and developing software applications. It provides the right kinds of abstractions and mechanisms for improving the way applications are built nowadays: in MDA, software development becomes model transformation. MDA also seems to suggest a top-down development process, whereby PIMs are progressively transformed into PSMs until a final system implementation (PSM) is reached. However, there are situations in which a bottom-up approach is also required, e.g., when re-use is required. Moreover, many times we are not interested in the creation of new systems but in the maintenance or evolution of existing ones. How to deal with these issues within the context of MDA? How to adapt these systems when we are using an MDA approach for building our final application? In this paper we try to introduce the main problems involved in dealing with software adaptation in MDA, identify the major issues, and propose some ways to address them, particularly in the context of Component-based Software Development.


ABSTRACT This article contemplates the tension between apathy and hope, between the dystopic and the utopian as drivers of the human condition, and our theories about it. I look, more specifically, at how these two tendencies manifested in the aftermath of WWI; the dystopic in Freud's invention of the death drive, the utopian in Ernst Bloch's exploration of hope. I argue that our present poses a challenge similar to that posed by WWI; a collapse of the frameworks around which subjectivities and societies are organized, and a potential for the development of both better and worse outlooks. I argue that as was the case then, psychoanalysis has crucial theoretical and ethical choices to make. I suggest that rather than follow Freud's death driven fatalism, we should seek inspiration in Bloch's view of hope as a driving force of human experience and destiny. I contemplate these ideas as I record events taking place in the world and in my practice during the weeks just before and after the 2020 elections in the US.


A pesticides reduced farming method for irrigated rice cultivation, using the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata (LAMARCK) as a biological weed control agent, has become popular in Japan and some Asian countries. There is no risk assessment of using this snail, although it is invasive for native ecosystems and biodiversity in rice paddy and wetlands of Asian countries. Examination of snail impact on species diversity of vascular plant flora in rice fields of Matsuyama City, was conducted, where snail populations is extending. In rice fields colonized already, mean number of species declined to 40% of ones not yet colonized and aquatic plants markedly decreased.


The Bill and Melinda Gates Grand Challenges 9, Africa Biofortified Sorghum (ABS) Project through a sub-grant from the Africa Harvest Biotechnology Foundation International.


Analyzed the principles of the downhole microseismic fracture monitoring technical,the location calculation method of the microsesmic source and the field testing method,described the explanation results of the downhole microseismic fracture monitoring test in the south of Shi Zhuang block coalbed methane formation in southern Qinshui basin.Through the monitoring results analysis,coalbed methane seam fracture is very complex in the south of Shi Zhuang block,fracture spatial shape appear out network pattern and the non-symmetric features,fracture extends azimuth is Northeast or Southeast,parallel to or perpendicular to the fault.With the applied different fracturing technology,the fracture shape and the geometry size is differences.It provides the important reason on fracturing technology selected,fracturing parameter optimized and the well pattern designed.


Phenolic compounds, such as catechol, are released into the environment from a variety of industrial sources and they present serious ecosystem burden. This work examined possibility to use partially purified apple polyphenol oxidase (PPO) for bioremediation of phenolic contaminants. In order to optimize process conditions, optimal pH and temperature for PPO activity were determined, while PPO affinity toward various phenols, as well as effect of some salts and organic solvents which can be found in wastewaters, was used to confirm applicability of PPO in wastewater treatment. It was found that partially purified apple PPO shows maximal activity at pH 6.8 and 25 °C, but exhibit more than 85 % of its maximal activity in pH range from 5 to 8, and more than 90 % of activity in temperature range from 10 to 50 °C. PPO showed high affinity for various di-phenols, but lack of affinity toward mono-phenols. Sodium tetraborate decahydrate moderately inhibited PPO activity, while exposure of PPO to the presence of organic solvents ( = 5 %) caused 40 % loss of its activity. Catechol oxidation by PPO performed for just 5 min in a batch reactor at optimal process conditions resulted in 25 % conversion . Based on obtained data, it seems that partially purified apple PPO has reasonable potential in wastewater treatment.


A light emission amount is higher metal fluoride crystal, a method of manufacturing the same, a light emitting device and a scintillator, as well as the neutron detection method using the metal fluoride crystal. The light emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention, at least the formula .The 15


In the context of the current global economic and financial crisis where the need to capitalize is increasing, the process to gather additional financial resources which is generated by fiscal costs' optimization is acquiring new traits. Although fiscality imposes certain rules and procedures, it also provides the potentiality to choose among several variants. This option system can be used by enterprises according to the goals they have at certain times. In compliance with international legislation and practice, no one is compelled to pay more fees and taxes than those stated by fiscal legislation. Taxpayers have the right to decide upon the way they shall observe fiscal legislation, the place where they are to perform their activities and pay taxes, who is subject to taxation and fiscal duties : as individuals or businesses, residents or newcomers. It is the legitimate right of taxpayers to optimize their fiscal costs in accordance with fiscal laws.


Fabrication tolerances, as well as uncertainties of other kinds, e.g., concerning material parameters or operating conditions, are detrimental to the performance of microwave circuits. Mitigating their impact requires accounting for possible parameter deviations already at the design stage. This involves optimization of appropriately defined statistical figures of merit such as yield. Although important, robust (or tolerance-aware) design is an intricate endeavor because manufacturing inaccuracies are normally described using probability distributions, and their quantification has to be based on statistical analysis. The major bottleneck here is high computational cost: for reliability reasons, miniaturized microwave components are evaluated using full-wave electromagnetic (EM) models, whereas conventionally utilized analysis methods (e.g., Monte Carlo simulation) are associated with massive circuit evaluations. A practical approach that allows for circumventing the aforementioned obstacles offers surrogate modeling techniques, which have been a dominant trend over the recent years. Notwithstanding, a construction of accurate metamodels may require considerable computational investments, especially for higher-dimensional cases. This paper brings in a novel design-centering approach, which assembles forward surrogates founded at the level of response features and trust-region framework for direct optimization of the system yield. Formulating the problem with the use of characteristic points of the system response alleviates the issues related to response nonlinearities. At the same time, as the surrogate is a linear regression model, a rapid yield estimation is possible through numerical integration of the input probability distributions. As a result, expenditures related to design centering equal merely few dozens of EM analyses. The introduced technique is demonstrated using three microstrip couplers. It is compared to recently reported techniques, and its reliability is corroborated using EM-based Monte Carlo analysis.


: Through the comprehensive analysis of the petrology and geochemistry characteristics of magmatic rocks in Jinjiazhuang mining area, the magmatic rocks in Jinjiazhuang mining area are mainly monzonitic granites and granites, which have the characteristics of high silicon and high potassium, and belong to peraluminous calc alkalinity and high potassium calc alkalinity. It shows the characteristics of S-type granites. RB is obviously enriched and Ba is obviously deficient, which has the characteristics of post-collision magmatic rocks. Combined with the geological characteristics of the mineralization zone found in the area, it is found that the metallogenic element Cu,Pb,Zn,W,Sn,Au,Ag in the mining area has a good associated relationship, which is very beneficial to the search for polymetallic deposits. Jinjiazhuang deposit is closely related to magmatism. Magmatic rocks provide thermal energy and material basis for mineralization of the deposit.


In the current ID-based user authentication systems, the user's personal use history can be traced, because the user's ID can be linked. Therefore, this may cause privacy issues. As a solution, group signatures have been researched to realize the anonymous authentication. The group signature requires a revocation function to revoke signatures generated by a user who leaves or is removed from a group. An efficient revocable group signature scheme using a tree structure called the Complete Subtree (CS) method has been proposed. However, the size of the revocation list depends on the number of revoked users. In this paper, we propose an extended scheme where the size of revocation list is reduced, by compressing a number of entries in the list by a vector commitment. We implement the proposed scheme on a PC, and evaluate the effectiveness.


Notes on Contributors Foreword Penny Van Esterik, York University, Canada Introduction Tanya Cassidy and Abdullahi El Tom, both of National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland 1. The Embodied Experience of Breastfeeding and the Product/Process Dichotomy in Sao Paolo, Brazil Alanna E. F. Rudzik, Durham University, UK 2. Demedicalizing Breast Milk: The Discourses, Practices and Identities of Informal Milk Sharing Aunchalee Palmquist, Elon University, USA 3. Historical Ethnography and the Meanings of Human Milk in Ireland Tanya Cassidy, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland 4. Between 'le corps maternel et le corps erotique': Exploring Women's Experiences of Breastfeeding and Expressing in the UK and France Charlotte Faircloth, University of Kent, UK 5. The Naturalist Discourse Surrounding Breastfeeding among French Mothers Gervaise Debucquet, Audencia Nantes School of Management, France, and Valerie Adt, L'Institut Interdisciplinaire du Contemporain, France 6. 'Who knows if one day, in the future, they will get married...?': Considerations about Breast Milk, Migration and Milk Banking in Italy Rossella Cevese, Universita degli Studi di Verona, Italy 7. Religion, Wet-nursing and Laying the Ground for Breast Milk Banking in Darfur, Sudan Abdullahi El Tom, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland 8. Between Proscription and Control of Breastfeeding in West Africa: Women's Strategies Regarding Prevention of HIV Transmission Alice Desclaux and Chiara Alfieri, both of Universite d'Aix-Marseille, France 9. 'Impersonal Perspectives' on Public Health Guidelines on Infant Feeding and HIV in Malawi Anne Matthews, Dublin City University, Ireland 10. Breastfeeding and Bonding: Issues and Dilemmas in Surrogacy Sunita Reddy, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India, Tulsi Patel, University of Delhi, India, Birgitte Bruun Nielsen, Aarhus University, Denmark, and Malene Tanderup, Aarhus University, Denmark 11. Breast Milk Donation as Care Work Katherine Carroll, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia 12. Women and Children First?: Gender, Power and Resources, and their Implications for Infant Feeding Vanessa Maher, University of Verona, Italy Bibliography Index


1. The effect of stimulation of the midbrain upon the spinal motor activity was investigated by recording intracellular potentials from the spinal alpha motoneurons in lumbar segments of the cat. Indirect effects through the gamma fibers and spindle afferents were excluded by sectioning the ventral roots and the peroneal and tibial nerves.2. The stimulation of the red nucleus produced EPSP's and consequent spike potential in the contralateral flexor motoneurons with a latency of 9 msec. and IPSP's in the contralateral extensor motoneurons with a latency of 11 msec.3. The effect of stimulation of the decussations in the midbrain was similar to that of the rubrospinal tracts. It occurred bilaterally with latencies much shorter than from the red nucleus.4. With the stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation, EPSP's and consequent spike potentials were recorded bilaterally from both flexor and extensor motoneurons with a latency of 6 msec. EPSP's in the extensor motoneurons were followed by slight IPSP's.5. The central gray matter produced inconspicuous effects upon the spinal motoneurons. They partly resembled those of the reticular formation, the inhibitory effect being somewhat predominant.6. The midbrain foci facilitated or inhibited the reflex firing of motoneurons as a result of algebraic summation of EPSP or IPSP centrally induced with EPSP induced from the dorsal root.7. Some spinal interneurons were found responsive to the stimuli delivered to all of the midbrain foci and a dorsal root.8. The stimulation of the midbrain foci brought about the ventral root slow potentials, which corresponded to the PSP's in single motoneurons and also to the facilitatory or inhibitory effects of the midbrain foci upon the monosynaptic spinal reflexes.We are indebted to Prof. T. Otani for advice and criticism


Interspecies somatic nuclear transfer (NT) may provide a new approach for preservation of the endangered rare species. Previous interspecies cloning studies have shown that a nucleus from a quiescent somatic cell supports early development of reconstructed embryos in the ooplasm from another species. In this study, we transferred nonquiescent somatic cells from a giant panda into the perivitelline space of the enucleated rabbit oocytes. After electrofusion (at the rate of 71.6%) and electrical activation, 4.2% of the panda-rabbit reconstructed embryos developed to blastocyst in vitro. For improving the development rate of reconstructed embryos, we used serial NT in this study, i.e. blastomeres from reconstructed morulae were transferred into the perivitelline space of the enucleated rabbit oocytes. The fusion rates in the groups of serial I, serial II and serial III were 79.5%, 84.1% and 78.0%, respectively, having no difference with that of somatic group. And the blastocyst rates in serial NT groups were 19.4%, 13.5% and 10.3%, respectively, which are significantly higher than that in somatic NT group. These results indicate that the nuclei from nonquiescent somatic cells can support early development of reconstructed embryos and serial NT can improve the development rate of interspecies reconstructed embryos.


Abstract— Inconel 625 (N06625) was fatigued in reversed bending and the sequence of surface damage observed. A comparison was made with nickel and Monel K500 studied previously. It was found that, as with nickel, slip markings were present at one cycle even in high life samples. In the Inconel 625, the slip was always planar, multiple slip was common and a plethora of secondary slip was associated with most crack fronts. A noticeable distinction, from nickel and Monel, was the absence of any intergranular cracking. Microhardness measurements revealed that, as with Monel and in contrast to nickel, strain amplitudes high enough to give surface zone hardening led to short lives. from which the inference was made that the inherent fatigue properties of Inconel 625 are inferior to nickel, for advantage cannot be taken of its high strain hardening exponent. Nevertheless, the fatigue limit, as in nickel remains above the yield stress because cracks only initiate when the grains are replete with slip and a rumpled topography has developed.


Background: Olodaterol (O) is a novel inhaled LABA.

Objective: To evaluate the 24-h lung function profile of O QD in patients (pts) with GOLD 2-4 COPD.

Methods: In two replicate, randomised, double-blind, placebo (P)-controlled, 6-week (wk), crossover studies, pts received O (5 or 10 µg) QD via Respimat®, tiotropium (T; 18 µg) QD via HandiHaler® or P for 6 wks (Study 1: [NCT01040689][1]; Study 2: [NCT01040728][2]). Pts continued with ICS and xanthines as background therapy. Co-primary end points were change from study baseline (response) in FEV1 AUC0-12 and FEV1 AUC12-24; secondary end points were FEV1 AUC0-3, FEV1 AUC0-24 and trough FEV1 response after 6 wks of treatment.

Results: 108 and 122 pts were treated in Studies 1 and 2, respectively. Significant bronchodilation vs P was evident over the full 24-h dosing interval for O and T QD.

![Figure][3]

Statistically significant (p<0.001) improvements were observed in all lung function end points with O 5 and 10 µg and T vs P.

View this table:

Conclusions: These data confirm the 24-h lung function efficacy profile of O QD.

Funding: Boehringer Ingelheim.

 [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT01040689&atom=%2Ferj%2F42%2FSuppl_57%2F4635.atom
 [2]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT01040728&atom=%2Ferj%2F42%2FSuppl_57%2F4635.atom
 [3]: pending:yes


We present the temperature-dependent thermolysis of siloxy-substituted ZnO single-source precursors into zinc and zinc oxide, respectively. The solid-state pyrolysis at low temperatures leads to the formation of ZnO powder with a very high surface area whereas the thermolysis in solution yields ZnO colloids. The materials are characterized by UV/VIS, photoluminescence, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).


Abstract The development of industrial Internet technology enterprises plays an important supporting role in green water and green mountains, as a forestry industry with both economic value and ecological value. at present, it is facing a good opportunity for development. However, industrial Internet technology enterprises are faced with many risks, such as long investment cycle, low comparative income, and their ecological value is easy to be ignored. Based on FCFF model and LINEST function, this paper studies the enterprise value evaluation and ecological development. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the economic value of industrial Internet technology enterprises is greatly affected by non-financial factors; (2) the excess income of industrial Internet technology enterprises is affected by ecological improvement. (3) under the background of green finance, the comprehensive operation ability of enterprises can be effectively improved through internal control of enterprises, formulation of government laws and supervision of social enterprises. This study has important theoretical and practical significance for China to scientifically and reasonably evaluate the value of industrial Internet technology enterprises.


There is a significant unmet need for safe and effective anti-inflammatory treatment for cystic fibrosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of acebilustat, a leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor, and its effect on inflammation biomarkers in patients with cystic fibrosis.Seventeen patients with mild to moderate cystic fibrosis were enrolled and randomized into groups receiving placebo or doses of 50 mg or 100 mg acebilustat administered orally, once daily for 15 days. Sputum neutrophil counts were reduced by 65% over baseline values in patients treated with 100 mg acebilustat. A modestly significant 58% reduction vs. placebo in sputum elastase was observed with acebilustat treatment. Favorable trends were observed for reduction of serum C-reactive protein and sputum neutrophil DNA in acebilustat-treated patients. No changes in pulmonary function were observed. Acebilustat was safe and well tolerated. The results of this study support further clinical development of acebilustat for treatment of cystic fibrosis.


A theoretical model of a gas stream flowing co-currently with a liquid film is established. The model is used to analyse the experimental results obtained for the co-current flow of an air stream and a thin water film in a vertical rectangular duct. The influences of the motion and non-smooth nature of the film surface upon the air stream are isolated and values of equivalent sand roughness are determined.

On etablit un modele theorique pour un ecoulement gazeux co-courant a un film liquide. Le modele sert a analyser les resultates experimentaux obtenus pour l'ecoulement de l'air et d'un film d'eau dans une conduite rectangulaire verticale. Les influences du mouvement et de la nature rugueuse de la surface du film sur l'air sont isolees et des valeurs de rugosite equivalentes sont determinees.


The effects of eight isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi on the plant growth and root colonization of Astragalus adsurgens were investigated in greenhouse pot experiment with backfill soil of open pit mining area.The results showed that two isolates of G.mosseae from Jiangxi and Xinjiang increased the biomass of plant and effectively enhanced P and N nutrition of host plant.The infection rates of these two isolates were above 50%,and the number of extraradical propagule was more than that of the other isolates.It was proved that the ecological adaptability of two isolates,G.mosseae-2 and G.mosseae-3 in the backfill soil were significantly higher than that of the other isolates;they are expected to benefit the plant cover reconstruction and ecological restoration in open pit mining area.


Results: The dyad lives in the social condition of an ethnic minority, drawing attention to fragile social contexts in the area of mother and child. Sociodemographic data show poor housing, family planning, prenatal surveillance and gender roles. The initial nursing assessment was based on seven diagnoses. In children: 1) ineffective breathing pattern (0032); 2) risk for unstable blood glucose level (00179); 3) neonatal jaundice (00194); 4) risk of poor fl uid volume (00028). In mothers: 1) ineffective health control (00078); 2) interrupted breastfeeding (00105); 3) willingness for improved decision-making (00184). Expected outcomes and successful nursing interventions were defi ned. The dyad was discharged at ten days of hospitalization.


Soil erosion and eco-environment on the Loess Plateau are among the most serious problems in the world.To improvements of the vegetation coverage and ecological efficiency are the key issues to be settled urgently in future in the context of erosion control and food security.According to the data from the key counties with different spatial locations on the Loess Plateau,the effects of climate,land cover and land use pattern on sediment yield as well as the relationship between sediment yield and environmental variables are studied in this paper.The integrated impact by natural variables and human activities and their weights in influencing sediment yield are also quantitatively analyzed on the Loess Plateau,particularly in the sandy and coarse sandy areas.Furthermore,the adaptive coefficient of eco-water requirement of natural vegetation and the concepts of restoration degree of forest and grass are used to systematically discuss the macro-configuration changes of land use pattern and vegetation restoration prospect in the middle Yellow River,particularly in sandy and coarse sandy areas.Studies indicate that on the Loess Plateau,where the growth of vegetation mainly depends on natural precipitation, biological measure(mainly vegetation type) is required to be in accordance with natural zone,and the restoration and construction of macro-vegetation should adhere to the vegetation restoration degree and its adaptive coefficient of eco-water requirement.With the pressure of growing population,it is a key problem to reconstruct vegetation and crop planting to settle out the contradictions, such as properly dealing with the relationship of economic development and environmental protection,reducing reclamation rate and protecting farmland,planting forest and making grass and their adaptative to precipitation as well the reasonable configuration of biological and engineering measures on the Loess Plateau.


The edge reconstruction number of a graph G, RN(G), is the minimum number of edge deleted subgraphs required to determine G up to isomorphism. We prove the following results for a disconnected graph G with at least two nontrivial components. If G has a pair of nontrivial nonisomorphic components then RN(G) ≤ 3. If G has a pair of nontrivial nonisomorphic components, is not a forest, and contains a nontrivial component other than K3 or K1,3 then RN(G) ≤ 2. Finally, if all nontrivial components of G are isomorphic to a graph with k edges, then RN(G) ≤ k + 2. The edge reconstruction results in this paper are similar to the vertex reconstruction results stated by Myrvold ("The Ally-Reconstruction Number of a Disconnected Graph," Ars Combinatoria, Vol. 28 [1989] pp. 123-127), but a significant difference is that the edge reconstruction number of a disconnected graph is often two, while the vertex reconstruction number of a graph is always three or more. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The aimis to study the action mechanisms of the Rapitalam pharmaceutical substance using Parkinsonian syndrome models.Materials and methods.Various effects of a new pharmacological substance, N-chlorophenylmethyl-dihydro-methoxy-methylphenyl-oxopyridazine carboxamide (Rapitalam), were studied in male laboratory mice and rats. During the experiment, the various models of the Parkinsonian syndrome were reproduced: the simulation of the Parkinsonian syndrome by administering 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP) neurotoxin, the simulation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy, the simulation of apomorphine-induced stereotypy and the simulation of oxotremorine-induced tremor followed by tests. The following tests were carried out in order to determine the Rapitalam efficacy with regard to symptoms manifested after the MPTP administration in animals: the open field test, the rotarod performance test, as well as the evaluation of the grip strength and the degree of rigidity using the stride length. When simulating the haloperidol-induced catalepsy, a horizontal bar test was performed. After the administration of apomorphine, the severity of stereotypy was assessed in scores. A simulation of oxotremorine-induced tremor in rats was used to study the cholinergic link. After the administration of oxotremorine, the severity of tremor was assessed against the background of administration of the test compounds.Results.During the analysis of the data obtained in the open field and rotarod tests as well as the stride length and the grip force when simulating the Parkinsonian syndrome by introducing MPTP, no intergroup statistical differences were found. Thus, the tested Rapitalam substance in doses of 2 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg and the Levodopa reference drug at a dose of 60 mg/kg had no effect on the indices of motor activity and motor coordination in mice when administered orally for 10 days. Rapitalam in doses of 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg as well as the Levodopa reference drug at a dose of 50 mg/kg, did not affect the severity of haloperidol-induced catalepsy and apomorphine-induced stereotypy in rats. Under the administration of oxotremorine to laboratory animals, a statistically significant decrease in the severity of tremor was observed during the Rapitalam administration in doses of 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg.Conclusion.Rapitalam is established to have no effect on motor impairment due to dopaminergic mechanisms. The tested substance is characterized by a pronounced cholinoblocking effect at doses of 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg.Conflict of interest: the author declares no conflict of interest.


A self-optimizing cumulative inversion for particle size distribution with photon correlation spectroscopy is proposed.It improves precision and stability of measurement.From a detailed fundamental of photon correlation spectroscopy and conventional cumulative inversion,we analyze instability of cumulative inversion.A self-optimizing method is presented by using the minimum mean-square error.It inverts particle size distribution stably with scattered autocorrelation curve with random noise.Experimental results illustrate validity and feasibility of the approach.


Large distributed time-varying simulations are common in many scientific domains to study the evolution of various phenomena. These simulations produce thousands of timesteps which must be analyzed and interpreted. For datasets with evolving features, feature analysis and visualization tools are crucial to help interpret all the information. For example, it is usually important to know how many regions are evolving, what are their lifetimes, do they merge with others, how does the volume/mass change, etc. To be effective these visualization and analysis routines must also be parallelized in order to operate on the data where that data resides. Furthermore, interacting with the routines as the simulations are ongoing can aid in the analysis. In our previous work, we have developed a methodology for analyzing time-varying datasets which tracks 3D amorphous features as they evolve in time. In this paper, we describe the full parallel feature extraction and tracking algorithm within a computational steering environment for parallel and distributed simulations. We demonstrate how one can interact with the code and show various examples within ongoing


The determinants of contraceptive continuation were investigated in 2501 married contraceptive acceptors recruited in the month of July 1987 from government family planning clinics in East Java Indonesia. Data on contraceptive continuation were collected 1 year later through a house- to-house survey in which 1945 of the original study participants were located. It was hypothesized that women who are persuaded by family planning clinic workers to accept a method of contraception that is not their 1st choice would discontinue contraceptive use at a higher rate than their counterparts who received their preferred method. Only 14% of respondents fell into the choice-denied category. As hypothesized 72% of the choice-denied respondents had discontinued use of the contraceptive method supplied by the time of the 1-year follow-up survey compared with only 9% of women who were able to select for themselves a contraceptive method. The discontinuation rates by contraceptive methods assigned for choice-denied respondents were as follows: oral contraceptives 86%; IUD 45%; condoms 83%; and injectables 76%. The corresponding discontinuation rates for women who received their contraceptive choice were 14% 5% 9% and 8%. Multivariate hazard function analysis identified 3 factors that were significantly associated with contraceptive discontinuation: whether choice was granted or denied (p<0.001) provision of the IUD (p<0.001) and the presence of side effect (p<0.05). These findings suggest that it is essential for family planning workers to assume potential acceptors have some knowledge about contraceptive methods and to respect their choices if compliance is to be ensured.


The aim of the research is to determine relational marketing awareness and practices by the companies operating in the service sector. In this context, interviews were made with the business owners / managers operating in eight different service areas. According to the participants of the research, the customer; It is expressed as money, collateral, reason for existence and future. Relational marketing refers to customer loyalty, satisfaction, preference, continuity of the business, new customer, success, continuity, positive advertisement and warm relationship. The most applied strategies to retain their existing customers are to offer payment facilities, to visit the workplace, to conduct customer needs analysis, to respect, keep staff turnover low, discount and campaign, transparent and continuous communication with the customer, to provide quality service, an innovative understanding adoption, employing qualified personnel, creating corporate culture and trust.


The experiments were performed on 126 white male rats. The inclusion of 3H-thymidine in nuclear DNA of the liver was studied on h 24 and 48 after 70% resection of the liver versus prodigiosan injection or combination of prodigiosan with 70% resection of the liver. Liver extracts stimulating proliferation (ESP) obtained under the above schedules were studied on the model of 30% liver resection. It is shown that prodigiosan (0.25 mg/kg) injected to intact rats and rats with 70% resected liver initiated ESP production promoting the inclusion of 3H-thymidine in nuclear DNA of the liver after 30% resection of the liver.


The present invention relates to components of catalysts for the polymerization of olefins comprising the product that can be obtained by bringing a compound of a transition metal M, containing at least one M- pi bond, into contact with an olefinic prepolymer obtained by polymerization of one or more olefins with a coordination catalyst comprising a compound of Ti or V supported on a magnesium halide.


In China,the use of industrial robots has been over 20years. Nowadays,we are able to design and produce the robots already. What's more,we have known the instruction of the system,the software designing motion and the trajectory-planning technology so that we have already produced some important parts of the robots and developed the steps such as lacquering,soldering,assembling,moving,cutting and soon. Some of them have made the deep application come true as well as the new development in the field of the Chinese industrial robots which can raise the soft production.


The current safety issues of pork in live pig breeding and slaughtering were evaluated and possible solutions were presented as follows: establishing the safety risk assessment system; formulating the laws and standards in line with both the international and domestic practices;establishing and improving a food safety supervision and administration coordination mechanism; and carrying out the safety responsibility system.


The current study aimed at exploring relationship between psychological immunity and coping strategies styles. The sample of the study included 30 parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (15 males, 15 females). Tools of the study included scales prepared by the researchers: psychological immunity scale and coping strategies scale. Results of the study show that there is a positive significant correlation between psychological immunity and coping strategies among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Results also show the capability of coping strategies to predict psychological immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Education - Sohag University is the property of Journal of Education - Sohag University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)


In this paper, I review most of the current knowledge about the strong correlation observed between the rotation rates and the magnetic fields of cool active stars. I concentrate in particular on the most recent observational results, derived from studies on dynamo field generation in stellar convective envelopes from magnetic imaging of very active rapidly rotating low mass stars. I also mention the latest attempts at investigating the large scale magnetospheric structure of these objects from extrapolations of the measured photospheric field maps, as well its dependence/influence on rotation. I finally discuss the new discovery of the feedback effects that dynamo magnetic fields generate on the global dynamics of stellar convective envelopes.


[1] We characterize and quantify the transport of heat (Boussinesq density) in a highly idealized entraining convective mixed layer based on simulations of Lagrangian measurements in a two-dimensional model. The primary objectives are to assess and explore the merits and difficulties in estimating the heat budget from perfect and imperfect Lagrangian floats. A significant advantage of Lagrangian measurements is that the time derivative of temperature along these trajectories gives a direct measure of the diffusive heat flux. Using simulated perfect Lagrangian floats, estimates of the surface buoyancy flux, the depth of the mixed layer, vertical profiles of advective and diffusive heat flux, and the overall rate of cooling are shown to agree accurately with the known results extracted from the Eulerian simulations. The Lagrangian nature of the data is exploited to reveal the structure of the flow within the convective layer and to quantify the heat fluxes associated with the different types of eddies. Phase plots of Lagrangian trajectories in density-depth space reveal three distinct classes of motions: (1) plumes, which develop in the cold, heavy near-surface thermal boundary layer and plunge into the mixed layer interior carrying heavy water downward; (2) interior turbulence, comprising random motions between the base of the thermal boundary layer and the base of the surface mixed layer; and (3) entrainment of interior water into plumes below the thermal boundary layer, i.e., a transition from class 2 to class 1. Plumes dominate the heat transport. Simulations were also made using slightly buoyant floats; these are not perfectly Lagrangian. Buoyancy concentrates the floats near the surface resulting in an oversampling of the stronger plumes. Making the same heat budget calculations as with the perfect floats results in a nonzero estimated Lagrangian heating rate in the interior and a curved profile of vertical heat flux that is up to 3 times too large. The local time rate change of density is not significantly affected. A correction of the heat transport for oversampling of the plumes removes most of the error. This technique allows the correct heat budget to be measured for this flow using weakly buoyant floats.


This paper offers a model to formalize the economic theory of derivative actions developed during the last 30 years. From this perspective, the derivative action presents two interrelated problems. The first is how to solve the collective action problem that prevents that minority shareholders file a suit. The second is how to control the risk of collusive settlements between the defendant manager and the plaintiff's attorney. This model identifies the fundamental tradeoffs that are implicit in these problems, as well as an optimum that could be used as normative benchmark. In brief, it argues that if the goal of derivative actions consists in increasing the shareholder's wealth, then its policy purpose can be summarized as minimizing the sum of inefficient harms and insurance premia.


The nighttime economy and night-life regulation have recently emerged as key sites of theoretical relevance for scholars who are interested in the institutional arrangements of creative city. Recent literature has viewed the nighttime economy as "double-edged sword" for city, that is, creative economic dynamics usually accompanies security issues. This research aims to explore the causality of "double-edged sword" in terms of urban planning. Based on the empirical study of live houses in Taipei, four research questions are addressed. Firstly, what are the particularities of night-time space in the historical-geographical context of Taipei? Secondly, what are the significances of live house for Taipei's music economy and creative milieu? Thirdly, what are the underlying reasons for the conflicts among the creative community, the residential neighborhood and the government? Finally, what policy implications would be proposed based on the academic findings?


This paper examines the bilingual and bilteracy development of a group of children from Samoan and Tongan families over the transition to mainstream Englishmedium schools in New Zealand. The children attended Pasifika Early Childhood Education Centres in Auckland, New Zealand, which provided full immersion programmes in their L1 (either Samoan or Tongan). Development in a home language (L1) and in English (L2) was plotted over the six months prior to going to school and over the first year at an English-medium school in a programme with known features for effective teaching of early reading and writing in English. Before going to school (at 5.0 years), the children were developing as incipient bilinguals. An incipient biliteracy paralleled their bilingual development, although there were large variations in profiles on entry to school. After one month at school, there were indicators of faster progress in English and a slowing down of progress in L1, which was dramatically confirmed by the results at the end of the first year. The rapid growth of literacy and comprehension knowledge in English from 5.0 to 6.0 years reflected the effectiveness of the school programme. However, the resultant patterns suggested children were now 'at risk bilinguals'. The relationships between literacy in two languages weakened over the first year, suggesting the possible transfer effects from one set of literacy skills to another appeared to happen very quickly on entry to school.


Un-repairable defects cause not only delivery delay but also un-negligible loss cost in Large Size Photo Mask (LSPM) Productions. In order to avoid such loss, Lasertec provides various types of inspection and repair systems. The Large Size Substrate inspection system LB79 works for qualifying substrates for LSPMs. In a LSPM maker, the resist coated blanks can be inspected with LIR79i, the In-process Inspection and Repair system. ADI (After Develop Inspection) also can be performed with the same LIR79i as well as Resist Pattern Repairs with the Laser shots and the ink dispensing.


Prediction of the final level of a spinal anesthesia is poor, especially in young patients. However, spread to a predictable segmental level which avoids hemodynamic complications would be a useful characteristic. The spread of spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric dibucaine (Neo-percamin S®) with epinephrine was studied retrospectively in 370 adolescents (ASA class 1 or 2) a ged 6_??_20 years old. Spinal anesthesia was performed under lateral position and using a 21 gauge metal spinal needle. Age, sex, body weight, height, injected site (L2-3, L3-4 or L4-5) and volume (0.5_??_2.0ml) were investigated. The maximum spread of analgesia level was assessed by pinprick method. Wide variation in the spread of the block has been observed, even when the same space has been used for injection, or same volume of local anesthetic has been used. Among investigated factors, height and body weight showed relatively high correlation to the level of spinal anesthesia. However, injection site and volume of local anesthetic were also important factors in younger ages (under 10 yr) was obserbed. These results suggest that the hyperbaric dibucaine with epinephrine solution for spinal anesthesia in adolescents may have a tendency to produce an unexpectedly extensive spread of anesthesia.


Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO; IDO1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that metabolizes the essential amino acid tryptophan into kynurenine. Recent work by our group has revealed that IDO promotes tumor development and suppresses immune cell functions independent of its enzyme activity. Moreover, pharmacologic IDO enzyme inhibitors that currently serve as the only class of drugs available for targeting immunosuppressive IDO activity, fail to improve the survival of patients with GBM. Here, we developed IDO-Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (IDO-PROTACs). PROTACs bind to a specific protein and recruit an E3 ubiquitin ligase that enhance proteasome-mediated degradation of the target protein.

 A library of ≥100 IDO-PROTACs were developed by joining BMS986205 (IDO binder) with a linker group to various E3-ligase ligands. Western blot analysis of PROTAC-induced IDO degradation was tested in vitro among multiple human and mouse GBM cell lines including U87, GBM6, GBM43 and GL261 along a time course ranging between 1–96 hours of treatment and at varying concentrations. The mechanism of IDO protein degradation was investigated using pharmacologic ligands that inhibit or compete with the proteasome-mediated protein degradation pathway.

 Primary screening identified several IDO-PROTACs with IDO protein degradation potential. Secondary screening showed that our lead compound has a DC50 value of ~0.5µM with an ability to degrade IDO in all GBM cells analyzed, and an initial activity within 12 hours of treatment that extended for up to 96 hours. Mutating the CRBN-binding ligand, pretreatment with the ubiquitin proteasome system inhibitors MG132 or MLN4924 or using unmodified parental compound all inhibited IDO protein degradation.

 This study developed an initial IDO-PROTAC technology that upon further optimization, can neutralize both IDO enzyme and non-enzyme immunosuppressive effects. When combined with other forms of immunotherapy, IDO-PROTACs have the potential to substantially enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy in patients with GBM.


Fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) has been used to construct various vehicle forms because its lightweight properties facilitate motion and operation. Such lightweight structures can both provide sufficient strength and save material cost. Because fiber cloth is limited by its dimensions, an overlap installation is required to ensure its structural strength; however, overlap installation increases structural weight by approximately 10–15%. In this study, experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to compare the mechanical properties of various overlap forms. Based on the findings, a laminated FRP stacking arrangement is proposed for use in vehicle structures. The 'full overlap (FO)' method is traditionally used to maintain the continuity of FRP structures; however, this study explored the 'full butt' and 'outer layer for overlap and inner layer for butted-joint (OOAIB)' methods. In order to simulate the structural discontinuity at overlap region and butted-joint region, a new approach to establish finite element model is presented in this paper. According to experimental and simulated results, FO and OOAIB are similar regarding strength and stiffness. Therefore, the OOAIB method is suggested for decreasing the weight of FRP structure.


The cyclical Nature and change rate of load were utilized in electricity price forecasting model to improve the model's accuracy and practical value.According to previous studies,the price of electric-ity mainly depends on load factors,so the forecasting model based on load was adopted.Prediction used wavelet decomposition and neural network to evaluate short-term market clearing price.Considering the cyclical nature of load and price,the prediction model increased the load as an input factor.The maxi-mum forecasting error comes out with the surges of price appearing with the waves of load.So it puts the rate of load changes into the neural network to further reduce the maximum single point error.Forecasting example used actual load for prediction.The result shows that the consideration of cycle characteristics and change rate of load factors in predicting could respectively reduce the average forecast error and sin-gle point of maximum prediction error by 35% and 28%.


We consider risk processes with reinsurance. A general family of reinsurance contracts is allowed, including proportional and excess-of-loss policies. Claim occurrence is regulated by a classical compound Poisson process or by a Markov-modulated compound Poisson process. We provide some large deviation results concerning these two risk processes in the small-claim case. Finally, we derive the so-called Lundberg estimate for the ruin probabilities and present a numerical example.


Anthropogenic activities are the main reason for the current alarming conservation status of non-human primates (NHP) worldwide, and also lead to habitat-sharing, facilitating human-NHP (interspecific) viral transmission. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, is wellknown for its large genome plasticity and spike proteins (S proteins) highly adaptable to human receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). NHP have been used as models for clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic studies on SARS-CoV-2 and their correlates. However, the lack of systematic sanitary surveillance in NHP in the Neotropics, as well as the limited capacity to detect infections in their populations, challenge the implementation of consistent epidemiological connections regarding the potential interspecific transmission in the natural environment. Although the natural cross-transmission of SARS-CoV-2 between humans and NHP has not been demonstrated, the global spread of the virus represents a potential threat. Thus, establishing preventive, surveillance, and control measures for viruses of the family Coronaviridae in Neotropical NHP populations is crucial for their conservation.


The carboxy inversion products [RC (O) OC (O) OR, R=n-C_(11)H_(23), n-C_7H_(15), n-C_5H_(11), 2, 4, 4-trimethylpentyl] have been observed during the thermal decomposition of lauroyl peroxide (1), octanoyl peroxide (2), hexanoyl peroxide (3) and 3, 5, 5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide (4) respectively in benzene. The relative amounts of carboxy inversion products were determined and under the same conditions the yield of carboxy inversion produoct from 4 was greater than that from 1, 2 and 3. The yield of carboxy inversion reaction was also influenced by the polarity and viscosity of the solvents employed. The decomposition of carboxy inversion product was catalyzed by the carboxylic acids concurrently formed. There was a small yield of carboxy inversion product on direct photolysis, but none was found in the benzophenonesensitized reaction. On the basis of these results and literature reports, the reaction mechanism is discussed.


This application note demonstrates a simple way to test the heavy metals in Cannabis by PERSEE's PF7 heavy metal analyzer. Compare with ICP/ICP-MS you still can achieve lower detection limit, better repeatability with significant lower running cost and more simple operation.


This study discusses the inclusiveness and challenges of voters with disabilities in the implementation of local election (Pilkada) during the Covid-19 outbreak. There are two things that need to be considered when implementing the 2020 local election, namely community participation, especially persons with disabilities and the application of health protocols. This study uses a qualitative research method with case study and a virtual ethnographic approach. The author focuses on the implementation of the 2020 local election in Sleman regency. In addition, the authors focus on three stages of local election, namely the stage of voter list matching and research (Coklit), campaign and socialization, and voting day. The results of the study show that political rights for voters with disabilities are regulated in several regulations, both at the international and national level. In addition, the General Election Commission (KPU) of Sleman Regency has carried out several preparations in the implementation of the 2020 local election during Covid-19 outbreak, such as conducting rapid tests for ad hoc organizers, conducting socialization and discussions with voters with disabilities, preparing health protocols at each stage, up to ensuring polling stations are accessible and inclusive. However, voters with disabilities experience several challenges based on the variety of diffabilities in each stage. The author also found several challenges experienced by voters with disabilities in accordance with the variety of disabilities, both motivated by Covid-19 outbreak, as well as challenges that have often occurred from local election to local election. It is hoped that all stakeholders involved, especially in the Local Election, can have an inclusive perspective, so that the Local Election is more friendly to voters with disabilities.


A series of CeMn composites with different compositions was prepared by co‐precipitation. All samples were characterized by x‐ray diffraction (XRD), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to their size and chemical composition, two different kinds of particles were observed: (a) small crystallites of CeMn solid solution (<7 nm), and (b) large particles of manganese oxides with different reduction degrees (>50 nm). These results were used to explain differences between the surface and bulk compositions of the samples as well as the specific surface area. Furthermore, from XPS studies, the presence of various Mn species with different oxidation states could be stated. This fact might clarify the exceptional catalytic behaviour of the samples for the catalytic wet oxidation of toxic organic compounds. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Most thermal waters issuing in Lassen Volcanic National Park (LVNP) are acidic (pH £3.5), low-Cl (concentrations 2000 mg/L), such as those at Growler Hot Spring and Morgan Hot Springs, situated south of LVNP, are the most appropriate springs for liquid chemical geothermometry and indicate subsurface temperatures between 220° and 230°C. The chemical and thermal characteristics of these springs may result either from boiling at depth and subsequent mixing with meteoric water or from conductive cooling during lateral flow. In either case ~220° to 230°C thermal water probably originates inside LVNP and flows south to Morgan Hot Springs.


Declaration of interest None. Fundingdetailed in Acknowledgements. Although single-session psychological debriefing is offered as immediate psychological assistance to survivors of all kinds of traumatic events, its efficacy in the prevention of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety or depression is not empirically supported (Litz et al, 2002; Rose et al, 2002; van Emmerik et al, 2002). Some studies even indicate adverse effects (Bisson et al, 1997; Mayou et al, 2000), which have been explained in several ways. It has been argued that the stimulation of emotional ventilation soon after a traumatic event may be too overwhelming for some survivors, whereas a period of rest and reduced talking about the event may in fact be an adaptive response (Ursano et al, 2000). Furthermore, the psychoeducation provided during the debriefing may increase the awareness of stress symptoms that would otherwise not have been noted (Raphael & Meldrum, 1995), or 'change heroes into patients'. The effects of the constitutive elements of debriefing, i.e. emotional ventilation and psychoeducation, have never been systematically studied. The present randomised controlled trial was designed to assess the efficacy of individual single-session debriefing based on emotional ventilation alone or psychoeducation alone in preventing symptoms of PTSD in relation to a control group that had no debriefing. A secondary question was whether symptoms of acute psychological distress interact with the effect of each debriefing method.


It is shown that vapors of solvents that are capable of forming lyotropic LC phases with cellulose and its derivatives efficiently affect the processes of structure formation in cellulose acetates and their optical activity. This effect is accompanied by a change in not only the specific optical rotation but also in its sign, thereby suggesting that when exposed to solvent vapors the cholesteric helix of cellulose esters changes so that it rotates the plane of light polarization to the left instead of rotating it to the right. The influence of solvent vapors on these polymers obeys the laws of the doze effect with the small amounts of solvent showing a stronger effect on its structure and optical activity.


Active shield reduces the effects of both external noise/interference and parasitic capacitances of a coaxial cable. Therefore it is commonly used during the measurement of remote grounded capacitive sensors. Capacitively Coupled Resistive Sensing (CCRS) is a novel displacement measurement technology. The transduction principle of CCRS is the resistance change related to the position of the mobile member. The CCRS sensor utilizes the small capacitance between the signal pickup head and the resistive member to sense the voltage of a certain point on the resistive member. The signal is sent to the signal conditioner through a coaxial cable. Due to the parasite capacitance of the coaxial cable, the signal will be attenuated significantly. This paper introduces a method to reduce the attenuation using active shield scheme.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Glomerular visceral epithelial cells, also known as podocytes, are highly specialized epithelial cells that cover the outer layer of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Podocytes serve as the final barrier to urinary protein loss through the special formation and maintenance of foot processes (FPs) and an interposed slit diaphragm (SD). Chronic podocyte injury may cause podocyte detachment from the GBM, which leads to glomerulosclerosis. The elucidation of podocyte biology during the last decade has significantly improved our understanding of the pathophysiologic processes of proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. This review highlights some of the recent findings for translating podocyte biology into new therapies and examinations for podocyte injury.


The nuclear quadrupole interaction of 187W(β-)187Re in W(VI)-EDTA complexes at room temperature was determined by time differential perturbed angular correlations (TDPAC) to be VQ = 1270(8) MHz with an asymmetry parameter η= 0.403(4). While the coordination geometry of the Mo(VI)- EDTA complex is known, there appears to be none for the W-analogue. The rather similar asymmetry parameters for the 187W(β-)187Re in W(VI)-EDTA complex and for the 99Mo(β-)99Tc in Mo(VI)- EDTA complex, determined previously, supports the idea that the coordination geometries in the Moand W-complexes are similar


Object detection in remote sensing images (RSIs) poses great difficulties due to arbitrary orientations, various scales, and dense location of the targets over the ground. Recent evidence suggests that encoding the orientation information is of great use for training an accurate object detector for oriented object detection (OOD). In this article, we propose a new frequency-domain orientation learning (FDOL) module with two main components: the frequency-domain feature extraction (FFE) network and an orientation enhanced self-attention layer (OES-Layer). The FFE network models the interactions among spatial locations in the frequency domain to determine the frequency of spatial features. Then, these features are fed into our OES-Layer to learn the orientation information. Moreover, the orientation weights are adopted to guide the feature selection in a self-attention (SA) architecture, using them as a control gate to emphasize the spatial responses of target instances. Considering that the original similarity weights (calculated by the SA algorithm) do not distinctly model the orientation variation, the considered orientation weights provide an efficient asset to emphasize the orientation of objects. Extensive experiments on the DOTA and HRSC2016 datasets demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance among single-scale methods while achieving competitive performance over multiscale methods.


Iatrogenic traumatic biliary stricture is one of the difficult points in the biliary surgery,and operation is the only definitive treatment. The operative opportunity,surgical procedure and techniques are important for the prognosis.From January 1998 to December 2011,173 patients with iatrogenic traumatic stricture were admitted to the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital. According to the Bismuth classification of traumatic biliary stricture,10 patients were in type Ⅰ,22 in type Ⅱ,87 in type Ⅲ,38 in type Ⅳ and 16 in type Ⅴ.Excision of the traumatic stricture with end-to-end anastomosis was performed on 19 patients.Of the 173 patients,154 were treated by Roux-en-Y duodenojejunostomy, and 8 of them received additional hemihepatectomy or partial hepatectomy.A total of 155patients were followed up,with a median time of 74 months,the total excellent and good rate was 94.8% ( 147/155 ).Surgery is the most effective therapy for iatrogenic traumatic biliary stricture. Optimal timing, reasonable surgical methods, strictly following the principle of biliary surgery and perfect operative skills are key points for a better prognosis.

Key words:
Biliary strictures; Biliary injury, iatrogenic; Surgical procedures, operative


The goal of this study is to suggest the agent systems by intelligence and adaptability properties in distance learning environment. The suggested system has flexible, agile, intelligence and cooperation features. System components are teachers, students (learners), and resources. Inter component relations are modeled and reviewed by using the Petri net method.


A clone encoding mouse brain Na, K‐ATPase α‐subunit was isolated from a mouse brain lambda gt11 cDNA library by using antisera to mouse and bovine brain α‐subunit A comparison of the nucleotide sequence of this clone with published sequences of rat brain α‐subunit isoform clones showed it to be most similar to rat brain α1. An RNA antisense probe prepared from the cDNA insert of the mouse clone detected a single mRNA of approximately 4.5 kb in Northern blots of mouse brain and kidney RNAs. This probe hybridized only to an α1‐cDNA insert from rat brain under high stringency conditions on Northern blots. The RNA antisense probe was used for in situ hybridization to sections of mouse kidney, cerebellum, and retina, and the cellular distribution of α‐subunit mRNA (α‐mRNA) was compared with that of α‐subunit polypeptide (α‐subunit) detected by immunofluorescence in similar sections. In kidney, α‐mRNA distribution closely paralleled that of the polypeptide with abundant expression in ascending thick limbs and cortical distal tubules and weaker labeling in cortical proximal tubules. The co‐distribution of α‐mRNA and polypeptide in kidney where Na, K‐ATPase localization is well established is consistent with the specificity of these probes. In the retina, prominent labeling with both probes was seen in photoreceptor inner segments, inner nuclear layer, and ganglion cell bodies. Plexiform layers and optic fibers expressed abundant α‐subunit but little mRNA. Light labeling for both was seen in the outer nuclear layer. In cerebellum, α‐mRNA and α‐subunit were associated with soma of granule cells, basket cells, and stellate cells. Glomeruli and basket terminals contained abundant α‐subunit but exhibited little reactivity with the riboprobe. In Purkinje cell bodies, in contrast, the antibody used to identify the cDNA clone did not resolve significant polypeptide in the somal plasmalemma despite abundant somal mRNA expression. Comparison of distribution of the two probes in cerebellum and retina indicates that message accumulation is primarily in cell bodies, while α‐subunit epitopes may be co‐expressed in cell bodies and/or transported to distant sites in cell‐specific patterns.


This paper makes several contributions to the literature on the retransformation problem. First, we derive the asymptotic distribution of the exponential sieve estimator, which has been previously unavailable in the literature. Second, we develop an average structural function type of average partial effect (APE), which applies to the Duan-type retransformation problem even though the independence between the underlying error and covariates is violated. Third, we consider the conditional average partial effect (CAPE), which allows for endogenous explanatory variables and is computationally simpler than existing nonparametric estimators currently available. Finally, we present two non-trivial applications of CAPE estimator. The first is to the average treatment effect in a nonlinear model; the second is to establish the estimator of interaction effect of two dummy variables on the level of dependent variable in the log linear model. Both applications provide new and useful tools for empirical research.


Tuberculosis is associated with chronic,persistent antigenstimulation that maintains a sustained immune response that suppresses,but generally fails to eradicate Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Cell-mediated immunity plays a considerable role in the protection against M.tuberculosis infection.The immune response to tuberculosis is dominated by both CD4+ T cells with the T helper 1 type cytokines and CD8+ T cells.CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells,a subset of CD4+ T cells with suppressive properties inhibiting effector functions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells,suppress T-cellresponses to several intracellular pathogens,and their depletion in vivo leads to increased immune-mediated tissue pathology.CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells prevent efficient clearance of M.tuberculosis.The development and function of Treg cells and its significance in M.tuberculosis infection are discussed in this paper.


There is a high level of policy interest on the effect of trade liberalisation on inequality, especially in developing countries, because of their large vulnerable populations. India also initiated the process of liberalisation as a response to the severe balance of payments crisis of 1991. However, both rural and urban inequality has been increasing since the period 1993–1994, with urban inequality increasing at a higher rate. This study empirically examines the impact of trade openness on wage inequality using panel data for Indian states (separately for rural and urban areas). The results of this study indicate that trade openness does not lead to decrease in the wage inequality in the states and their rural areas. However, urban wage inequality is found to be increasing due to trade openness. These results are analysed and explained by various factors present in the Indian economy such as, skill biased technological changes; trade in intermediate goods; barriers to domestic labour mobility; and pattern and composition of India's exports. An interesting aspect emerging is that higher education levels lead to increase in wage inequality as returns to education and inequality are increasing and the increase is also attributed to liberalisation. JEL Codes: F16, O18, C23


The proton flux in rigidities from 1 GV to 1.8 TV has been measured by AMS during the first two years of operation on the ISS. In the low rigidity region below 20 GV, the flux is determined every day with the statistical error less than 1 %. We have observed a gradual change of the flux due to the solar modulation as well as a drastic change after large solar flares. In the rigidity region from 20 GV to 100 GV our data are consistent with the previous measurements by magnetic spectrometers. In the high rigidity region above 100 GV the spectrum is consistent with a single power law spectrum and shows no fine structure nor break.


Granularity analysis is one of the most essential issues in authenticate. To improve the identification accuracy, a Deep Belief Network (DBN) based method is proposed in this paper. DBN can extract features from image samples automatically.4800 rock images from Ordos Basin are used in this paper, 1200 of them are used to test the model accuracy and the result achieves 94.75%. According to theoretical and actual data test, the method proposed in this paper is efficiency and accuracy.


Objectives: To compare the costs and cost-effectiveness of managing patients with uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) using telemonitoring versus usual care from the perspective of the National Health Service (NHS). Design: Within trial post hoc economic evaluation of data from a pragmatic randomised controlled trial using an intention-to-treat approach. Setting: Participants: 401 aged – with ambulatory (ABP) ≥ 135/85, but <210/135 Hg). self-monitoring


The present paper is aimed at exploring humour and cultural aspects in TED talks recorded at Hungarian independent TEDx standard events. Applying Speck's (1991) humour taxonomy, a corpus of 30 Hungarian language talks have been classified based on Barry & Graca's (2018) humour typology groups and further examined by descriptive statistical indicators. Results show that cultural and other national features are reflected in the talks and are appreciated by the audience. Incongruity and disparagement appeared to be a safe comic device to create laughter in highly individualist and masculine cultures; however, relief-based humour is riskier in high uncertainty avoiding countries, as the message may be interpreted differently than expected.


Abstract : This report summarizes first year technical progress SFRC N00014-84-K-0734, 'Research in Distributed Tactical Decision Making: Decentralized Resource Management in Tactical Computer Executives,' for the period 1 August 1984 (contract start date) through 31 July 1985. This research reported herein in jointly funded by Office of Naval Research and Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command. The objective of this effort is to conduct research in the area of distributed tactical decision making Carnegie-Mellon University (CMU) proposed to conduct research on primarily two tasks in the first contract year. Task A considers best effort decision making for decentralized resource management. Task B focuses on the development of atomic transaction theories to support highly concurrent and reliable real-time computation. Innovative research under the guidance of the Principal Investigator was conducted on both of these tasks. Work will continue on both tasks in the second contract year. Keywords: Best effort decision making, Dynamic reconfiguration, Decentralized scheduling, Non-serializable transactions.


In this social psychology study, we have examined the central parts of "swedishness" as they are presented in introductory material to people who are new in Sweden, based on a social constructionist approach with critical discourse analysis as tools. Knowledge and precomposed assumptions about the world were regarded as cultural and social constructions, where language is one of the most important building blocks. Language and social practices creates meaning, which affects how we interpret the world, while the world affects how we use language. In our analysis, we saw that "swedishness" was produced by "Swedes" and "Sweden" being made into a cultural community and assigned specific qualities, values and appearance similarities. Constructions of "swedishness" were made possible through comparisons with more or less defined "others". "Swedes" and "Sweden" were placed in an imagined "modern, white, western" ideal and a normative position associated with normality and desirability. We could read the
material as a manifestation of "Swedishness" or mainstream society's understanding of itself.


Every compact 3-Sasakian 7-manifold $M$ admits a canonical 2-parameter family of co-closed $\text{G}_2$-structures $\varphi_{a,b}$ for $a,b>0$, as well as a foliation by $\varphi_{a,b}$-associative 3-folds whose leaf space $X$ is a positive quaternion-K\"{a}hler 4-orbifold. We prove that associative 3-folds in $(M,\varphi_{a,b})$ that are ruled by a certain type of geodesic are in correspondence with pseudo-holomorphic curves in the almost-complex 8-manifold $Z \times S^2$, where $Z$ is the twistor space of $X$ equipped with its strict nearly-K\"{a}hler structure. As an application, we construct infinitely many topological types of non-trivial, compact associative 3-folds in the squashed 7-spheres $(S^7, \varphi_{a,b})$ and squashed exceptional Aloff-Wallach spaces $(N_{1,1}, \varphi_{a,b})$. Topologically, our examples are circle bundles over a genus $g$ surface, for any $g \geq 0$.


Analyzing small changes is fundamental in Calculus and its application.By using equivalent infinitesimal theory,this paper explains the reason for choosing different approximations for arc lengths and areas,which can be helpful in teaching and learning.


A systematic synthesis approach for floating gyrators employing single z-copy current-controlled current conveyor trans-conductance amplifier (CCCCTA) is presented in this work. Initially, the pathological models of two types of the CCCCTA, namely z-copy z +-output CCCCTA (CCCCTA+) and z-copy z −-output CCCCTA (z-copy CCCCTA−), are derived by virtue of the nodal admittance matrix (NAM) expansion method. Moreover, these models are then used in the synthesis of floating gyrator using single z-copy CCCCTA. Two floating gyrators are acquired by expanding the NAM of floating gyrator. The synthesised gyrators employ one z-copy CCCCTA and a grounded admittance. Adjusting bias currents of the CCCCTA can tune the parameter of the gyrators. The hand analysis and PSPICE simulation show that the used synthesis method is simple, systematic and valid.


Previous studies have demonstrated 'quality‐quantity' trade‐offs with daily food availability times in zebra finches. Compared with food access ad lib., zebra finch pairs with restricted food access for 4 hours in the morning produced poor quality offspring, whereas those with the same food access in the evening produced fewer but better quality offspring. The present study investigated whether food‐time‐dependent differential effects on reproductive performance involved brain peptides associated with reproduction and energy homeostasis in zebra finches. We measured peptide/protein expression of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH)‐I, GnRH‐II, gonadotrophin‐inhibitory hormone (GnIH), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), cocaine‐ and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) and ZENK (a neuronal activation marker) by immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression of genes coding for the type 2 (DIO2) and type 3 (DIO3) deiodinase by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction in male and female zebra finches that were paired and kept under a 12:12 hour light/dark photocycle at 24 ± 2°C temperature for > 12 months with access to food ad lib., or for only 4 hours in the morning or evening. In both sexes, GnRH‐I, DIO2 and DIO3 expression did not differ significantly between the three feeding conditions, although levels showed an overall food effect. However, in males, GnIH expression was significantly higher in evening‐fed birds compared to ad lib. fed birds. Interestingly, GnRH‐II and TH levels were significantly lower in restricted feeding compared to the ad lib. group and, importantly, GnRH‐II and TH‐immunoreactivity levels were negatively and positively correlated with egg laying latency and reproductive success (offspring/brood/pair), respectively. At the same time, we found no effect on the hypothalamic expression of orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART) peptides, or ZENK protein (ie, the neuronal activity marker). These results suggest the involvement of reproductive neuropeptides, with putative roles for GnRH‐II and TH, in the food‐time‐dependent effect on reproductive performance, albeit with subtle sex differences, in diurnal zebra finches, which possess the ability to reproduce year‐round, in a manner similar to other continuously breeding vertebrates.


Background: High quality clinical education is a fundamental component of undergraduate health-related professions programmes. Interventions which support and enhance the student learning experience during clinical placement, i.e. away from the university setting, are therefore of great importance. This review aims to systematically explore, evaluate and summarise the range of technological interventions within the literature regarding enhancement of the student learning experience during clinical placements. This will provide educators with the current best available evidence in order to select which technological intervention(s) may be utilised to support the learning experience of undergraduate health-related profession students during clinical placements. Methods: A systematic review of the literature will be conducted using defined search terms, educational subject terms and medical subject headings (MeSH). A range of relevant databases will be searched alongside hand searching of citations and grey literature. Experimental studies with technological interventions designed to enhance student learning during clinical placement will be included. A modified version of the BEME coding form will be used for extraction and evaluation of data. MS Excel spreadsheets will be used for administration purposes and to record annotations or comments on the papers. It is anticipated that a mixture of qualitative and quantitative studies will be retrieved. A modified version of Kirkpatrick's levels will be used to evaluate interventions. Results: The results of the review are likely to be both qualitative and quantitative studies, and the outcomes will be tabulated. From these results, a list of technological interventions will be produced to support the learning experience of undergraduate students of health-related professions during clinical placement and their potential uses. Discussion: It is anticipated that the results of this review will be used to inform educational interventions to support the learning experience of undergraduate students of health-related


Expression of the human ADA cDNA encoded by the Moloney murine leukemia virus spliced RNA form is enhanced by intron-contained sequences. The presence of sequences corresponding to the viral gag gene in a Moloney murine leukemia virus-based vector results in the generation of 10- to 40-fold higher titers of virus.


State Council: Several Policies on Further Encouraging the Development of the Software and Integrated Circuit Industries* The State Council promulgated the Several Policies on Further…


According to a proposal by Shelesnyak (1957, 1960), histamine is the chemical stimulus which causes deciduoma formation. Subsequent studies have also indicated that histamine is involved in the decidual reaction (cf. Marcus, Kraicer & Shelesnyak, 1963; Kracier, Marcus & Shelesnyak, 1963). A student laboratory manual, in an experiment to demonstrate the formation of deciduomata, specifies the use ofhistamine (Zarrow, 1960). However, in our experience histamine does not produce deciduomata in rats made pseudopregnant by sterile matings. Also, Finn & Keen (1962), using rats made pseudopregnant by electrical stimulation of the cervix, were unable to cause decidual reactions with histamine injections. Orsini (1963) was unable to produce decidual reactions in either the rat or the hamster with systemic injections of pyrathiazine, a histamine-releasing agent. Further, Banik, Kobayashi & Ketchel (1963) have shown that increasing or decreasing the histamine level in rats had no effect on nidation. In view of the many conflicting reports, we have reinvestigated the effect of intrauterine injections of histamine on the induction of deciduomata, using pregnant, pseudopregnant and nonpregnant rats. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200 to 250 g were placed in mating cages in the evening with normal males to obtain pregnant females, or with vasectomized males to obtain pseudopregnant females. Pregnancy or pseudopregnancy was ascertained by the presence of a vaginal plug early the following day, which was designated Day l. Dioestrous or oestrous females were obtained by vaginal smears taken through at least two consecutive normal


The reaction of α-pinene isomerization catalyzed by dealuminated USY(DUSY,SiO2/Al2O3 =8. 61) in solvents of different dielectric constants was studied. The effect of reaction time and temperature on conversion and product distributions in different solvents was investigated. The experimental results showed that the reaction of a-pinene isomerization had advantage in polar solvent tet-rahydrofuran with larger dielectric constant.