The significant role of interfacial coupling in the enhancement of superconductivity in FeSe films on ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ has been widely recognized, but the explicit origin of this coupling is yet to be identified. Here, by surface phonon measurements using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy, we found the electric field generated by Fuchs-Kliewer (F-K) phonon modes of ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ can penetrate into FeSe films and strongly interact with the electrons therein. The mode-specific electron-phonon coupling constant for the $\ensuremath{\sim}92$ meV F-K phonon is $\ensuremath{\sim}0.25$ in single-layer FeSe on ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$. With increasing FeSe thickness, the penetrating field intensity decays exponentially, which matches well the observed exponential decay of the superconducting gap. It is unambiguously shown that the ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ F-K phonon penetrating into FeSe is essential for interfacial superconductivity enhancement.


. The development of integration between the disciplines of music and sports has not been resolved, since both the impact of music on sports and the impact on music under sports intervention are of high research value. This is in accordance with the relevant laws of bibliometrics and the connection between disciplines. To examine the state of the art of interdisciplinary research on cross-fertilization for visual analysis, data from the literature in the two fields were gathered and arranged using two visualization programs, Citespace and VOSvover. It is discovered that the cross-fertilization between music and sports is shifting from quantitative growth to qualitative improvement; the fusion of the two fields has not yet formed a stable, long-lasting, and influential group of authors and institutions; the research on the field is still in the development stage, and diversified and multidisciplinary research is receiving a lot of attention, but there are also some problems, which are primarily reflected in the fact that the research content is interdisciplinary rather than diversified. Through visualization analysis, we explore the future research directions of scholars and provide reference values.


This paper presents the class of Bit Image handling and its basic API,and uses an example to explain how to extend and use the class


This is a report on the study of anew species of yeast, Rhodotorula sinensis,isolated from diseased pears taken from acold storage in Peking. This red bipolarbudding yeast is resistaut to low tempera-ture. It has distinct morphological andphysiological features as well as itspeculiar "budding-fisson" (i.e. a bipolarbudding with cross wall formation for budseparation). It does not form ascosporesor ballistospores but chlamydospores. Aprolonged incubation period for fourmonths or more under low temperature(5℃) would lead to the formationof brown mycelial colony. This colonycosists of fine hyphae and brown chlamy-dospores which are formed terminally orintercalarily on the hyphae and ateeither ellipsoidal, pear-like or acute. inshape. The mode of germination of manychlamydospores of Rhodotorula sinensisreveals a close resemblance to some basi-diomycetes (e.g., Ustilago spp.), suggestingthe possible involvement of a similar sexualprocess, to which special attention will bedirected in our futher study. This yeastproduces starch-like compound and caro-tinoid pigment, and assimilates inositolsupplied as its sole carbon source forgrowth. Although the morphological andbiochemical characteristics of this speciesare quite different from any genus inLodder's system (1970), yet it showsaffinities to Rhodotorula in several res-pects, we therefore put it provisionallyunder this genus. Detailed description is given in thereport; and the type specimen of thisspecies is deposited in the Institute ofMicrobiology, Academia Sinica, Peking,China.


The work supplies analysis of the conditions of use of the intellectual systems of support for managerial decision making in agrarian production. The authors argue the expediency of forecasting the risk of the resource demand for dairy farms on the base of application of machine learning tools. In the article, the authors propose the approach to forecasting the risk of the resource demand for dairy farms, which is based on machine learning and suggests fulfilment of eight stages. The approach peculiarity is that formation of the bases of data and knowledge is completed with consideration of the features of the set project environment. It is argued that computer modeling of the case branch secures system consideration of the variable factors of costs for fodder production and its market price. The proposed approach creates a basis for improvement of quality and accelerated formation of the database for forecasting the resource reserve basing on machine learning. Referring to the developed approach and computer program in the Python language, the authors substantiate a base of knowledge. The knowledge base is represented by the tendencies of a change of the forecasted figures of the risk of the resource demand for dairy farms in the set project environment. The computer modeling is conducted on the example of Zabolottsi amalgamated territorial community in Brody district of Lviv region. The obtained figures of the limits and tendencies of a change of the volume of the reserve of hay, made of perennial herbs, and field area for its growing serve as markers for conducting machine learning with a teacher. The further research should be conducted concerning the choice of a method and development of an algorithm of machine learning for forecasting the risk of the resource demand for dairy farms.


This work presents a Machine Learning (ML) approach for classifying areas of brain tissue in a stack of high resolution human brain slice images. Compared with standard image segmentations algorithms, this ML approach provides more reliable results by concentrating on pixel classification. The presented ML approach is fourfold. First, four feature extraction methods were developed to extract features as a basis for the classification procedure. Second, two feature selection approaches were developed and implemented in order to construct feature vectors. Third, Random Forest (RF), Neuronal Networks (NN), and a novel ensemble Meta classifier constructed by different multilayer perceptron (MLP) were implemented in our classifier construction procedure. Finally, a post-processing method based on graph cut algorithm was used to enforce a smoother classification result into coherent regions. This paper details the feature extraction part and illustrates its application conceiving initial results of a small subset of brain slices.


\cite{bickel2009nonparametric} developed a general framework to establish consistency of community detection in stochastic block model (SBM). In most applications of this framework, the community label is discrete. For example, in \citep{bickel2009nonparametric,zhao2012consistency} the degree corrected SBM is assumed to have a discrete degree parameter. In this paper, we generalize the method of \cite{bickel2009nonparametric} to give consistency analysis of maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) in SBM with continuous community label. We show that there is a standard procedure to transform the $||\cdot||_2$ error bound to the uniform error bound. We demonstrate the application of our general results by proving the uniform consistency (strong consistency) of the MLE in the exponential network model with interaction effect. Unfortunately, in the continuous parameter case, the condition ensuring uniform consistency we obtained is much stronger than that in the discrete parameter case, namely $n\mu_n^5/(\log n)^{8}\rightarrow\infty$ versus $n\mu_n/\log n\rightarrow\infty$. Where $n\mu_n$ represents the average degree of the network. But continuous is the limit of discrete. So it is not surprising as we show that by discretizing the community label space into sufficiently small (but not too small) pieces and applying the MLE on the discretized community label space, uniform consistency holds under almost the same condition as in discrete community label space. Such a phenomenon is surprising since the discretization does not depend on the data or the model. This reminds us of the thresholding method.


Using a theory based on that of Onsager for the dissociation field effect, the authors have shown it is possible to explain the dependence of the Wien effect or polyelectrolyte samples on concentration, molecular weight, and gegenion mobility. The theory has been used to calculate a parameter, q, interpreted as representing a function of polyion size. It has been shown that for samples of polystyrenesulfonic acid the variation of q with increasing neutralization showed a constant polyion size, as would be expected of a fully charged polyion when only the gegenions are exchanged; a sample at a smaller concentration had a larger polyion, as would be expected. For samples of polyacrylic acid, the variation of q with increasing neutralization was initially similar to that revealed by viscosity or light scattering measurements—a rapid increase in polyion size. In our measurements, however, the size remained relatively constant over a considerable range of neutralization and then decreased slightly. This is interpreted as meaning that the ions removed from the polyion are those near the surface, and that the radius of importance in this particular experiment is more nearly the radius of the extended polyion cylinder and not a radius computed from the end-to-end separation of the polyion.


In this work the effect of titanium particles on wear of electro less Ni–P–TiO2 composite coatings deposited on mild steel substrates at different annealing temperatures. Electro less process is an autocatalytic reduction method in which metallic ions are reduced in the solution. Micro composite coatings of Ni-P-TiO2 on mild steel are deposited by varying volume of TiO2 nano-powder by electro-less method from Ni-P plating bath containing Nickel chloride as a source of nickel ions, sodium hypophosphite as the reducing agent, ammonium hydroxide as a complexing agents and TiO2 micro powder. Electroless Ni-P-TiO2 coating have been widely used in the chemical process industries, mechanical industries, and electronic industries due to their excellent mechanical properties. In the present work, deposition of Ni-P alloy coating and Ni-P-TiO2 micro composited coatings were done on the mild steel and hardness properties were studied.


Imagine having a conversation with someone without using any words, where the meanings of signals and gestures may not be recognised and even facial expressions might not be easily understood. The person you are interacting with may recognise and enjoy your enthusiasm and the emotional 'timbres' in your voice, but will probably not be able to 'read' your intent.


As an act of statesmanship performed in the medium of revisionary liberal political theory, Professor Bay's essay is an admirable effort. As an intrepid attempt to encompass and reconcile seemingly incompatible elements in contemporary political thinking it is an instructive failure. Liberal political theory? "Liberalism" is hardly univocal and for many it has become little more than a term of abuse. Not sharing the latter disposition, I use the term here because Professor Bay is: evenhanded between antagonists; fashionably deontological in giving pride of theoretical place to a concept, namely rights, prominent in much of the history of liberal thinking and especially salient in recent discussions; committed to the value, both instrumental and inherent of critical discussion and exchange; disposed, in company with numerous radical liberals, to give equality a central position through a notion of a minimum or floor of physical well-being that at once "holds up" and constrains conclusions reached in and outcomes produced by the process of discussion and exchange; worried about overly hasty rejection and suppression of individual wants and interests and the resultant tendency to turn political societies into well-ordered zoos; anxious to promote ready disobedience to the laws and commands of the state. Instructive failure? There are two connected difficulties with Professor Bay's argument. The first is with his appeal to needs as a foundation for certain basic rights and hence as a means of constraining the indiscriminate tendencies of certain formulations of liberalism. The second is


In this note we propose through a guide, to investigate and explain the judicial Argentinean culture in the fi rst half of the 20th century, a list of some twenty patterns shared by most of the jurist of that time. Furthermore, the mentioned system is applied to an actual case, the war auditor Carlos Risso Dominguez.


OBJECTIVES
To identify and describe the most relevant contextual factors (CFs) from the literature that influence the successful implementation of self-management interventions (SMIs) for patients living with type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, COPD and/or heart failure.

METHODS
We conducted a qualitative review of reviews. Four databases were searched, 929 reviews were identified, 460 screened and 61 reviews met the inclusion criteria. CFs in this paper are categorized according to the Tailored Implementation for Chronic Diseases framework.

RESULTS
A great variety of CFs was identified on several levels, across all four chronic diseases. Most CFs were on the level of the patient, the professional and the interaction level, while less CFs were obtained on the level of the intervention, organization, setting and national level. No differences in main themes of CFs across all four diseases were found.

DISCUSSION
For the successful implementation of SMIs, it is crucial to take CFs on several levels into account simultaneously. Person-centered care, by tailoring SMIs to patients' needs and circumstances, may increase the successful uptake, application and implementation of SMIs in real-life practice. The next step will be to identify the most important CFs according to various stakeholders through a group consensus process.


This study examines some important characters of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) in six Asia-Pacific areas including Australia, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, Korea and Hong Kong. The results show that volatility behaviours of REITs have Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GARCH) effects; in addition, REITs and stocks have a long term relationship in all markets.


It is questionable whether DRAM will continue to scale and will meet the needs of next-generation systems. Therefore, significant effort is invested in research and development of novel memory technologies. One of the candidates for next-generation memory is Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM). STT-MRAM is an emerging non-volatile memory with a lot of potential that could be exploited for various requirements of different computing systems. Being a novel technology, STT-MRAM devices are already approaching DRAM in terms of capacity, frequency, and device size. Although STT-MRAM technology got significant attention of various major memory manufacturers, academic research of STT-MRAM main memory remains marginal. This is mainly due to the unavailability of publicly available detailed timing and current parameters of this novel technology, which are required to perform a reliable main memory simulation on performance and power estimation. This study demonstrates an approach to perform a cycle accurate simulation of STT-MRAM main memory, being the first to release detailed timing and current parameters of this technology from academia—essentially enabling researchers to conduct reliable system-level simulation of STT-MRAM using widely accepted existing simulation infrastructure. The results show a fairly narrow overall performance deviation in response to significant variations in key timing parameters, and the power consumption experiments identify the key power component that is mostly affected with STT-MRAM.


Abstract The speed and efficacy of imipramine in the treatment of clinical depression was enhanced by the addition of tri-iodothyronine to the treatment program. L-tri-iodothyronine, 25 μg daily, added to imipramine, 150 mg per day, significantly improved performance on the Hamilton Rating Scale and the Self-rating Depression Scale as compared to that in patients receiving imipramine and a placebo. Morbidity and duration of hospitalization were diminished. The patients were euthyroid according to conventional clinical and laboratory criteria. The hormone quickened ankle reflex time and suppressed levels of protein-bound iodine. These physiologic changes, though definite, were slight and within the limits of euthyroidism as usually defined.


Forming a frame (frame), which after forming an insulating layer on a silicon substrate, forming a mesh (mesh) on an insulating layer, and the back side of the substrate is selectively removed as the center of the substrate to expose the rear surface of the insulating layer do. Manufacturing a pellicle (pellicle) depositing a silicon (Si) membrane layer on an upper surface portion of the insulating layer near to expose the mesh, and the mesh, and by selectively removing exposed to the rear surface of the membrane layer with an insulating layer portion exposed by the frame the present method. Pellicle protects the surface of the EUV mask from the particle (particle) contamination. EUV, the pellicle membrane, a polymer, bubbles


A television system judgment apparatus is
provided in a recording circuit of a video tape recorder
for recording a recording signal. In the television system
judgment apparatus, a tank circuit (14) includes a resonance
circuit having a resonance frequency which is set by
selectively switching over between a first resonance
frequency higher than the sub-carrier frequency of a down
frequency-converted chrominance signal and a second
resonance frequency lower than the sub-carrier frequency of
the down frequency-converted chrominance signal. A phase
shifter (15) shifts the phase of a signal outputted from the
tank circuit (14) by 90 degrees, and a phase comparator (16) compares
the phase of the down frequency-converted chrominance
signal with that of the phase-shifted signal, and outputs a
phase error signal. A low-pass filter (17) smooths the phase
error signal through low-pass filtering, and a system
judgment circuit (18) judges whether the sub-carrier frequency
of the chrominance sub-carrier signal included in the
inputted composite video signal is substantially equal to
3.58MHz or 4.43MHz based on the smoothed signal.


In connection with a study of the fiber reinforcement of wood, a number of silane coupling agents were evaluated in the bonding of basalt fibers to phenolic and isocyanate resins most commonly used in wood bonding. Interfacial shear strength improvement before and after 1 h boiling in water was determined, utilizing a modified single-filament composite specimen in which the fiber was first coated by a thin layer of brittle phenolic or isocyanate resin before being embedded in a flexible epoxy resin matrix. In the case of the phenolic resin, the most improvement was obtained with 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propylmethyldichlorosilane, which provides more reactive aromatic sites for substitution than phenethyltrimethoxysilane. Similarly, for the isocyanate resin, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane gave the best results. In this case, the reaction of the amino group with the isocyanate resin through successive formation of carbamic acid and urea bonds was confirmed by FT-IR spectral data. Monitoring of acoustic emission du...


The abundance of the prochlorophyte Prochlorococcus along a 56°-long meridional (175°E) transect in the central Pacific was measured by determining divinyl chlorophyll a (divinyl Chl a) during August and September 1993. The aims ofthis study were to investigate the large-scale spatial distribution patterns of Prochlorococcus, to evaluate its contribution to total phytoplankton biomass, and to identify the environmental boundaries of its distribution in the central Pacific Ocean. Prochlorococcus was detected at depths below the euphotic zone ( 50% of the total Chl a (divinyl Chl a + Chl a) above the 1% isolume and generally occurred between 15-30°C and 0-10 μM nitrate plus nitrite.


In studying the lesions produced by arsenical compounds in the kidneys of different species of animals, certain parasites were observed in the renal tubules of guinea pigs, which strikingly resembled the coccidium, Klossiella muris, observed and described by Smith and Johnson 1.2 in the kidneys of the mouse. As we believed the guinea pig to be relatively free from spontaneous renal lesions, a search through the literature was made to ascertain if renal parasites of the guinea pig had been previously described. At the same time the study of a large number of guinea pig kidneys was undertaken, in order to determine the relative frequency of this parasite as well as to obtain information concerning the lesions which tend to be associated with it, Seidelin * in 1914 describes a parasite which occurred in the kidneys of two guinea pigs from Nigeria, and which bears such strong resemblance to Klossiella muris in some of its stages that he considers that both parasites "must be regarded as belonging to one and the same genus, whilst the question of their specific identity or otherwise cannot at the present time be finally decided." He further states that the parasite does not appear to be a common one in West African guinea pigs, as he found only one case among about twenty guinea pigs of the Yaba series. Later he found identical parasites in sections of a kidney of another guinea pig from the same locality. He found no similar instance in guinea pigs procured in Liverpool.


John C. Harsanyi is one of the few system builders of our time. The principles of Bayesian rationality are his point of departure. They are applied to practical, ethical, and epistemological decision making. This leads to three branches of Bayesian theory:

1)

Decision and game theory, concerned with "practical" decision making

2)

Ethical utilitarianism, the application of Bayesian principles to moral decision making

3)

Epistemological Bayesianism, the extension of Bayesian rationality to the philosophy of science.


The purpose of this paper is to ignite a discussion on current and future SCM directions. Basic concepts, mechanisms and processes are summarized. There has been considerable progress concerning support for software configuration management (CM) in environments and tools. Some of the best practices for software configuration management are suggested which make the process of configuration management and change management very efficient.


To uniquely identify a single person, different types of information can be used with other s ources. This concept is ancient, and it has become much more important a s information technology and the Internet have made it easier to collect identifiable documents. In this paper we ha ve discussed different types of identify documents and their merits and dis-merits eventually proving that fingerprint is unique, inimitable and easier to access.


Peer grading has been the regular procedure to use for automatic assessment of open ended assignments in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). However, and although the procedure tries to overcome the rupture of the classical teach-learn-assess/feedback cycle, it does so only in the student side, and no attempt has been made as yet in giving feedback to instructors. The work described inhere aims at filling this gap, with a proposal in which the instructors are supplied with the set of words most used by the best and worst ranked quartiles of assignments. In order to achieve this, a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) fed with the bag of words supplied by a previous feature selection algorithm is presented, with the goal of identifying the clusters of words related with similar grades. The results obtained over three pilot studies, containing assignments in three different disciplines, show that our model can lead to more complete information on the teacher feedback on the results of the assignments.


In Nigeria, enhancing instructional delivery in Radio, Television and Electronics (RTVE) as a trade subject in technical colleges has become a great concern for technical teachers as it focuses on overcoming the challenges of assisting the learner to learn by enhancing their cognitive achievement and interest. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Felder-Silverman and Honey-Mumford learning models on students' achievement and interest in RTVE. Two research questions and three hypotheses tested at .05 level of significance guided the study. The study adopted quasi-experimental design. The population for the study consisted of 60 National Technical Certificate level II (NTC II) RTVE students in Technical colleges in Nigeria Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. A population of 60 students consisting of 50 males and 10 females were assigned to two treatment groups. The instruments for data collection were Radio, Television and Electronics Achievement Test (RTVEAT) and Radio, Television and Electronics Interest Inventory (RTVEII). The RTVEAT and RTVEII; FelderSilverman lesson plans and Honey-Mumford lesson plans were validation. The test-retest reliability was determined using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and was found to be .91, while the internal consistency of the RTVEAT was determined by KuderRichardson 20 (KR20). The RTVEII was subjected to construct validation using principal component analysis. A total of 24 items were selected for the study in the interest inventory. The internal consistency estimate of the RTVEII was determined using Cronbach Alpha technique and was found to be .82. Mean was used to answer the research questions while, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the four hypotheses that guided the study at .05 level of probability. The study found out, among others, that Felder-Silverman learning model is more effective than Honey-Mumford learning model in improving students' achievement and interest in RTVE. There was an effect of gender on students' achievement and interest in favour of females. Gender had no significant effect on students' achievement. The study found no significant effect of treatments and gender on students' achievement and interest in RTVE. The study recommended among others that Felder-Silverman learning model should be adopted in the teaching/learning of RTVE in Technical Colleges. In addition, workshops, seminars and conferences should be organized by Federal and State Science and Technical Schools Board to enlighten and train RTVE teachers on the application of FelderSilverman learning model for improving students' achievement and interest in studying RTVE.


A kind of data acquisition system based on universal serial bus(USB) was designed which was used to acquire well logging analog data.Characteristics and advantages about USB were discussed.The whole components by which realize analog signal acquisition were analyzed.The system is composed of hardware design,firmware design,device driver and application software design.USB driver stack and the method of opening a USB device were also analyzed.The results show that the precision of the system is not less than 13 bits,and its control function is flexible,and can be extended easily.


In the present study, 2 different composite solder systems were successfully synthesized using powder metallurgy route consisting of: blending, compaction, sintering and extrusion. The Sn-Ag-Cu based composite solders were reinforced with namely, titanium diboride (TiB2 ) particulates and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The extruded materials were then characterized for their electrical resistivity values using the four-point probe setup from Jandel. The electrical resistivity results showed no degradation of electrical performance of the composite solders, except at high volume percentages of TiB2 addition. This signified that with judicious selection of the reinforcement type and the amount of reinforcement addition, these advanced interconnect materials will benefit industries like the microelectronics flip chip assembly and packaging, MEMS systems and NEMS systems.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Wireless communication and networking have revolutionized the way people communicate. The past decades have witnessed two trends: miniaturization of wireless devices, and scarcity of radio resources. Miniaturization results in more devices being deployed. As more devices go wireless, they have to share a finite yet increasingly crowded radio spectrum. As devices become smaller and the airwaves become more crowded, more efficient ways are needed to allow them to communicate and share the spectrum. Software defined radio offers one solution. With careful planning and design, devices are taught using software to figure out which frequency bands are quiet, negotiate with other devices in their vicinity, and pick one or more bands over which to transmit and receive data. Cross-layer networking design offers another solution, which integrates the lower layer knowledge of the wireless medium with higher protocol layers, to devise efficient methods of network resource sharing and to make applications adaptive to radio channel and network conditions. These potentials make cross-layer design an increasingly important area for future network engineers to grasp. Therefore, future engineers will need to be trained with fundamental principles as well as emerging technologies across protocol layers. The evolution of wireless communication and networking presents such a need and a unique opportunity to integrate undergraduate education across the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science curricula, which trains future engineers with a deeper and holistic understanding of and skills for current and emerging wireless communication and networking technologies. In this paper, we report the development of an easily replicable model of evolvable, low cost, software defined radio (SDR)-based wireless communication and networking laboratories as well as associated teaching and learning materials that can be adopted or adapted to impact national engineering education practices. The SDR-based laboratories are tailored to the need of individual courses, yet serve as a catalyst for the integration of core courses. The outcomes include a set of pilot wireless course laboratories based on the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) boards that employ GNU software radio, lab development user manuals, lab teaching manuals, proven methods of effective lab instruction, and evaluation & assessment materials. The labs will create a space where students can learn by working with tangible signals, wireless channels, and communication systems, which reinforces mathematics and simulation examples, and helps integrate concepts by building a working system. The initial effectiveness of enhancing student learning and skills has been demonstrated.


The areas Project Management and Knowledge Management include studies on the project and project team levels, but a specific focus on the role of the Project Manager in managing knowledge within the team has received less focus. The authors show how knowledge is created within the project team environment, and the specific role of the Project Manager as an individual uniquely situated to drive the creation of knowledge in the environment by facilitating, directing, and controlling team activities through the four SECI model phases. Using a single case study approach, this research shows how the PM acts as a "mixing valve" in the flow of knowledge in a dynamic, multi-directional, process within the project team environment. The Project Manager as the Driver of Organizational Knowledge Creation


As declared by World Health Organization (WHO) more than nine lakh confirmed cases and more than forty six thousand death worldwide occurred due to novel coronavirus-COVID 19 from December 1, 2019 to April 1, 2020. The origin of this virus was Wuhan, China. COVID-19 has now spread all over the world and declared as pandemic disease by World Health Organization. In this paper, a dataset of 119 patients is prepared and different machine learning classification algorithm like linear classifier, K-neighbor classifier, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Boosted Tree, Random Forest and Neural Network has applied to find the most suitable method that can predict the possibility of coronavirus infection. After the survey of all the algorithms it was found that Extra Tree Classifier gives best result, which is used further to predict the status of the patient. Extra Tree Classifier gives 94% accuracy. User will give input and the algorithm will predict if the patient is infected by coronavirus or not. Researchers for more accurate result can further use the method.


Background: Open defecation is the leading cause for malnutrition and diarrhoeal deaths in low- and middle-income countries. The negative public health impacts of open defecation could be neutralized by toilet usage. However, the usage of improved sanitation facilities is unsatisfactory in rural India. Objectives: The study was carried out to find the psycho-social barriers among households for not having toilets and for not using the owned toilets and to develop and find out the effect of Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) strategy on toilet construction and usage. Methods: A community-based Embedded Experimental Mixed Methods study was undertaken in the four field practice villages of Urban Health Training Centre, Villupuram. For baseline and end-line surveys, 422 independent sample households who were not having or not using the toilets were selected by Simple Random Sampling. After IEC clearance, interviews and direct observation of the toilets were undertaken. Context-specific multi-faceted BCC strategy was employed through community participation. The data were analyzed in SPSS software. Chi-square test was used to determine the significance of difference and effect size was calculated to estimate the size of the difference between the baseline and end-line data. Results: Toilet ownership and utilization improved by 21.3% and 23.3% points, respectively. There was a significant reduction in households' perceived psychosocial barriers in toilet adoption. Conclusion: Our intervention demonstrated considerable improvements in both toilet construction and usage surpassing the psycho-social barriers. Future sanitation promotion interventions should focus more on community participation and the key messages should be reinforced multiple times using different channels.


Service and management of floating population is an important content of social security management, and it is a hot spot of society.Although the service and management work of floating population in Shanghai has achieved remarkable success,there are still some defects in local laws and social security for the floating population. Therefore,we should transform the service conception and safeguard lawful rights to promote the service and management work of floating population in Shanghai.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax transmission-blocking vaccine candidate antigen (TBV) Pvs25, with P. vivax isolates from Hubei and Zhejiang Provinces, and to compare the genetic polymorphism of Pvs25 with that from Bangladesh.

METHODS
The parasite DNA used for the genetic polymorphism assay was obtained from dried filter paper blood spots. The genes were PCR amplified and the products were purified and sequenced directly.

RESULTS
45 complete new sequences were analyzed. Only 3 nucleotide changes were found that would result in amino acid substitutions in Pvs25 in comparison with the sequence from P. vivax Sal-I strain. The measurement of nucleotide diversity (pi) was remarkably similar for the two populations, indicating that DNA sequences and deduced amino acid sequences were highly homologous among the geographically dispersed isolates or isolates from the same geographical region.

CONCLUSION
The results suggest that Pvs25 has limited antigenic polymorphism, especially compared with candidate antigens expressed by hepatic and erythrocytic stage, which may support the development and application of Pvs25-based transmission-blocking vaccine in China.


This paper analyzed the growth function of the largemouth bronze gudgeon(Coreius guichenoti Sauvage et Dabry) based on data from a survey conducted in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River from 2005 to 2007.The relationship between scale radius and body length corresponds to the equation L = 85.429S0.8125(R~2 = 0.9635,no significant difference between sexes at 0.01 level).The body length from back-calculation showed an apparent Lee's phenomenon.The non-linear mixed model method together with AIC was used to provide the best estimate of growth parameters.Back-calculation data was fitted to 36 models based on a group of 4 candidate growth equations,which were von Bertalanffy(VBG),Richards,Gompertz,and Robertson's growth equations.According to the AIC,these growth equations in the sequence of goodness of describing the growth of the largemouth bronze gudgeon are VBG,Richards,Gompertz,and Robertson's growth equation.The best model was the VBG Model 6:Lt = 602.9[1-e-0.1693(t+0.024) ](no significant difference between sexes at 0.01 level) with a growth performance index of φ = 4.7891 ± 0.01612.Through the analysis,we suggest that it was better to use back-calculation data and the non-linear mixed model combined to describe fish showing apparent Lee's phenomenon.This paper provided basic information for population dynamics analysis and the protection of largemouth bronze gudgeon resources,and served as an example for growth pattern recognition of different fish species and in different life history stages of the same species.


The intense fighting since early 2012 coupled with the vastly improved manipulation of the Jihadists by Iranian intelligence have already enabled the Assad administration to take control over the war in Syria. This means that Damascus once again effectively controls the strategic narrative – but not each region, let alone each inci‐ dent. Hence, barring a major foreign intervention the Assad administration should be considered over the hump, even though the predominantly Sunni insurrection could continue for months or even years to come. Presently, the primary explosive threat of the Syrian conflict is the growing dichotomy between the situation inside Syria and the relentless efforts by a myriad of external forces to exploit the conflict in pursuit of their regional and global interests.


Renewable power generation's increased importance is owed to increased population and pollution concerns, global warming, and need for new energy resources. Solar energy is a completely clean energy resource and can be used almost anywhere; its application the focus of most research on it. Photovoltaic generation systems are reviewed here, in single-resource implementation and in various hybrid systems, and related past works on sizing and reliability issues are surveyed.


The/sup 10/B(/sup 7/Li, /sup 7/Be)/sup 10/Be charge-exchange reaction has been measured at E/sub lab/ = 39 MeV. Calculations were performed using a microscopic distorted-wave Born approximation with both central and tensor forces with an optical model potential obtained by fitting measured elastic scattering data. Several residual two-body interactions were used for which the absolute cross-section magnitudes varied at most within factors of two. The calculations showed that the one-step mechanism is very important for this particular reaction even at this low bombarding energy.


According to personal teaching practice,the author analyses the disadvantages of the traditional pattern of math teaching;and probes into the good effect of math modelling teaching and competitive activities on the improving of the students' overall quality.It is stated that math modelling teaching and competitive activities have three advantages:one is in increasing the students' interest in study,in stimulating their initiative,and enchancing their ability to obtain knowledge;the second is in developing their strong will to overcome difficulties,in fostering their down to earth working manner,and cooperative ability;the third is in cultivating their creative ability and the ability of appling knowledge to practice.In the author's opinion,math modelling teaching and competitive activities can have a strong influence on the promoting of the reform in math teaching in higher educational institutions in China.


Ammonium sulfate (ZA) and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound (NPK) are nitrogen-rich fertilisers commonly used by farmers. The fertilisers have high solubility in water, decay rapidly in wet soil and decompose into ammonia. Its lead into eutrophication phenomena and its absorption by crop roots becomes less effective. A facile and scalable method is developed to adsorb nitrogen-rich compounds into fish scale based powdered hydroxyapatite for slow-release fertiliser (SRF). Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a material that contains phosphorus and is a well-binding agent of nitrogen. This study is aiming at synthesizing HA from calcium-rich fish scale biowaste using wet-chemical precipitation method and coated the HA particles with ZA and NPK fertiliser. The fertiliser in solid form were combine with HA particles with the ratio of 6:1, and dissolved in aquadest. Total nitrogen content were measured periodically by using percolation method. The nitrogen release of the hybrids was compared to obtain the best kinetics model and it was found that zero order kinetics model was suitable for ZA-HA sample and Kosmeyer-Peppas model was suitable for NPK-HA sample. Vegetative growth of mustard plants were used to measure the effectiveness of SRF, and were found that combination of NPK-HA and ZA-HA were able to enhance up to 17% of the plant growth compare with conventional fertiliser.


The study investigated adolescents' perceptions of paternal involvement in sex education among selected secondary school students in Odeda Local Government Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria. The study utilizes an empirical survey design. The sample population consist of one hundred and sixty (160) students purposively from four(4) secondary schools; two public and two private schools.
The instrument used to elicit information from the respondents was a well structured questionnaires designed by the researcher. The validity of the instrument was reviewed reliability coefficient alpha of 0.771 significant level for all variables. Descriptive statistical tools such as percentages, frequency, bar charts and tables were used to interpret the data collected.
The result revealed that paternal involvement in sex education with the adolescent is slim and adolescents do not perceive it as embarrassing. The study also looked into other aspects of topics covered during discussion with their father and result showed that they discussed sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS and unwanted pregnancies as a result of unprotected sex. Also revealed is the fact that there were other sources of sex education acquired by adolescents like the school (95.6%), mass media (90.0%), mother (88.8%), friends (82.5%), church (76.9%), peer group (76.3%) and relations (61.9%) in order of decreasing significance.
From the results it is evident that paternal influence on sex education is slim, the topic is controversial with respect to ease of discussion and recommends among others the fostering of sex education by peer educators.


Progress in optical materials science has extended the areas in which optical fibers currently find use. This presentation highlights advances in material development and fabrication technology which are defining future fiber applications across a diverse range of technological areas. Article not avialable.


The present invention relates to a method for refining a surface of a workpiece, and a corresponding apparatus. Such a method and such an apparatus used in the field of construction supplies and furniture industry. The method comprises the steps of providing a incurred in machining a semi-finished material, preferably wooden material, in particular wood chips or dust, the mixing of the resulting material with a binder to form a curable mixture, and of applying the curable composition to a chargeable surface of the workpiece


The use of conditioning pain modulation (CPM) is hampered by poor reproducibility and lack of user‐independent paradigms. This study refined the CPM paradigm by applying user‐independent cuff algometry.


Drawing together the complex issues of sport, globalization and migration and teasing out the implications for nation-state policies is no easy matter. Each of these areas require in-depth analysis. Here, then, I provide an overview and the connections made are somewhat preliminary in nature. Initially, attention will be paid to the broad question of globalization and the impact of this process on the 'traditional' nation-state. An examination of sport labour migration will then be undertaken and this will be connected to the movement of the 'highly skilled' more generally, again in the context of broader global processes. Finally, consideration will be given to the implications of globalization and sport labour migration for the formulation and implementation of foreign policy: can it be ethically based or does a real-politic world view win out?


This thesis focuses on the principle of operation, description and experimental verification of the electropermanent magnet (EPM), which is a solid-state device whose external magnetic flux can be stably switched on and off by a discrete electrical pulse. The thesis is divided into the theoretical, computational and experimental parts. The theoretical part describes the EPM principle of operation and lists its advantages, disadvantages and application potentials. Next, a mathematical-physical model of the EPM device is derived in the computational part. The computational part also contains the specifications for the design of a real EPM device and simulations, carried out in the realistic simulator ANSYS Maxwell, that verify the EPM functionality and support the derived theoretical relations. Finally, the experimental part reports on the experimental evaluation with a real EPM device, made according to the presented specifications, together with the description and comparison to the theoretical and simulated results.


Chain-structured blockchains (e.g., Bitcoin and Ethereum) are often criticized for resource waste, low scalability, and high transaction fees. Tangle has been proposed to overcome these drawbacks by adopting a directed acyclic graph structure, new consensus mechanisms, etc. Particularly, Tangle defines a transaction-processing rule, which requires that new incoming transactions should approve several existing transactions before being attached to Tangle, to exclude miners and transaction fees. However, this rule makes it difficult to support smart contract (SC) in Tangle, an essential component of numerous decentralized applications, because the execution and verification of SC usually require transaction fees as incentive awards. In this work, we propose an "on-Tangle" SC protocol called equivalent-exchange-based smart contract (EESC), which runs on the Tangle core, to address this challenge. EESC extends the transaction-processing rule to SC and hence maintains Tangle's advantages of no fees and no mining. In EESC, a user should verify other users' SCs before submitting its SC. The workload of verifying these existing SCs is greater than that of verifying the newly submitted one. Extensive simulations verify that EESC is fast and efficient and can well achieve our goal.


Consistencies in lateral head turning of 50 healthy, term neonates were examined to determine relations between attainment and maintenance of lateral head position. The majority showed lateral consistencies, typically rightward, in initial head turn from midline per trial, in direction of the majority of all head turns from midline pet trial and in direction turned for the majority of time per trial. Head position prior to testing was related to the three indices. The results of work to date, including the current study, have proven very consistent in nature, yielding the most reliable measure of an element of lateralized behavior in the neonate.


The Handmaid's Tale is a story where women's rights have been revoked, and thus women are back in gender rolein use to the tremendous, through no rights, no opinions, and no cosmetics or beauty yield of any kind.On one occasionsovereign woman betwisted into anthing, a 'vessel' whose individualidea is to abidekids to keep the residents. It is a dystopian nightmare which subjugates and subdues women to the point of sexual slavery, language impacts and indoctrinates them in a sensitivelyharmfulstyle, and denies them the fundamental freedoms which mainly women in Westernculture take for fixed. The aim of this paper is to talk about about the struggle of women and the issues related to female predicament, their obedience to men in the novels. It will draw a final picture of women's struggle for liberty. It has been asserted that woman's uniqueness is pushed away and still erased in the patriarchal social arrangement of unreal states.
 Keywords: Female Difficulties, Timidity, Domination, Independence.


Is that a role for the churches? If we "baptised" the new Parliament at its kirking (maybe even acted as its godparents), do we have a responsibility to stick by it? "Critical solidarity" has been a key term of the churches' engagement world-wide and it has been expressed by many local congregations in making contact with their MSPs on the basis of a shared commitment to the well-being of their communities. Getting the right balance between "critical" and "solidarity" may be the tricky bit. Theologically, we shouldn't be surprised to see bits of the old sinful self emerge amid the new politics it is our theological realism about people and power that has made us advocates of an open and participative Parliament. This briefing looks at some of the early developments in light of what the Scottish churches have said along these lines, and is intended to stimulate debate as well as asking where we should be applying pressure.


Objective To investigate the effects of clinical nursing paths (CNP) on the clinical nursing quality. Methods Seventy-eight patients with schizophrenia were randomly divided into observation group receiving CNP nursing way and control group subject to traditional nursing care (n=39 cases in each group). A management and implement system of the CNP of drugs treatment for schizophrenias was formed. Charts and tables of CNP nursing ways were made. Results The hospital stay and expense of the patients in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group (all P0.01). The satisfaction of the patients was significantly better in observation group than that in control group (P0.01). There was no significant difference in the side effects between the two groups (P0.05). Conclusion To form a perfect CNP was beneficial to improve the clinical nursing quality.


The objective of this activity is to help beginning students learn numbers, and practice vocabulary and verbs in an interesting and meaningful way. In addition, this activity attempts to improve their listening comprehension and speaking ability.


This paper describes a control scheme for an autonomous vehicle with visual sensors, which uses visual information to guide itself along roadways. The control system integrates visual data into the steering servo process direct]y, instead of subdividing the process by geometric reasoning for a vehicle-centered representation of the road from two-dimensional visual image data. A neural network using fuzzy-supervised learning is used for determining the steering angle required to move the vanishing point and vanishing line of the road to the desired position in the camera image. The validity and the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme are confirmed by a computer simulation of the autonomous vehicle's driving performance.


The symptoms most commonly complained of by patients with heart disease are palpitation, precordial pain and shortness of breath. The latter, often only noticeable on exertion, is perhaps the most frequent cause of subjective distress, so that for this reason, as well as on account of its seriousness, dyspnea is a symptom worthy of considerable attention from the clinician. A full realization of the significance of dyspnea, and a properly adapted therapy, can only be the outcome of a much more complete understanding of the pathologic physiology underlying it than we possess at present. In all probability it will be found to be a complex phenomenon which can be analyzed into several types, and in the cause of which numerous factors combine in varying degrees. Some of the etiologic factors concerned with the production of dyspnea in heart disease are already recognized fairly definitely, and it is to a consideration


ABSTRACT W. G. Sebald's work has frequently been compared to that of Roland Barthes; James Wood is typical in speculating that Austerlitz is 'in deep dialogue' with Camera Lucida. Evidence from Sebald's archive both supports and complicates such claims. Sebald first read Barthes in the early 1990s, engaging with him in his art criticism, yet Sebald's compositional practice in The Emigrants, which involved erasing an image's indexical relationship to its referent, shows a rejection of the central ontological claim of Camera Lucida. Sebald returned to Barthes in the late 1990s while composing Austerlitz and revised the draft manuscript so that the published version directly references Sebald's reading of Camera Lucida. Through an extended engagement with Barthes, Sebald contested the indexical nature of photography in order to reflect upon the desires that led to the figuration of trauma and history as an indexical trace at the end of the twentieth century.


. The construction sector of Russia lacks high-performance equipment. Process of disintegration and downsizing of construction organizations initiated in 1991 has become one of the most serious problems that features the situation existing in the industry. Under these conditions, it is necessary to find effective mechanisms for regulation and control of technical equipment (technical potential) at the level of a regional construction sector which includes large, medium and small construction organizations. This will significantly increase the functioning efficiency of the regional construction sector and, respectively, will create conditions for growth of economic security and independence of the region. Analysis of the technical potential at the level of a regional construction sector is performed. Expanding the boundaries of the concept of management of technical potential of the regional construction sector, identification and description of its three important constituents (resource, organizational and innovative) are proposed.


As the largest archipelagic country in the world, 75% of Indonesia�s
territory is ocean. This situation has influenced most aspects of Indonesian life.
On the contrary, there have been little attentions given to the fact either from
Indonesia�s government or public. As a public space that having function to
educate, inspire and influence people, museum can be medium for constructing
public awareness related to maritime subjects. There have been four museums of
maritime in Indonesia


PURPOSE: To effectively preserve the surface of a silicon wafer by treating a hydrophobic wafer surface with a reagent selected from aliphatic alcohols, organosilanes and in particular, silanols, to form a protective layer on the surface. CONSTITUTION: This method comprises treating a hydrophobic wafer surface with a reagent selected from aliphatic alcohols, organosilanes and in particular, silanols, to form a protective layer on the surface and to preserve the silicon wafer surface. More specifically, the treatment of a silicon wafer surface converted into a hydrophobic state by polishing, or the like, can appropriately be performed by, after completing the polishing process, retaining the wafer in the polishing device used and immediately after stopping supply of the polishing material used, rinsing the wafer surface with an aq. solution contg. the above selected reagent.


Despite the development and distribution of vaccines, the spread of novel coronavirus infections (COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2) is still raging across the globe with the emergence of variants. When the first case of COVID-19 infection appeared in South Korea in January 2020, the emerging infectious disease (EID) was compared to the previous cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) in 2003 or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2015 and so many people expected that the spread would end within a short period of time. However, as of October 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic still continues with approximately 230 million infectees and more than 4.8 million deaths worldwide.


The large-scale efforts to produce agrofuels to be used chiefly for transportation purposes are criticised. The related problems of a possible food scarcity due to extensive cultivation of suitable plants for agrofuel production and the identification of appropriate idle lands for the purpose are discussed to highlight the need to change the current global economic system.


In utilizing computer to solve various section foundation of shape constant of frame.Forms and turns with the direct rigidity method of the finite element into the frame structure rigidity matrix of various section;and then utilize quiet strength condense technology of static power to receive power matrix. Use broad sense JACOBI method and shaking type decomposition reaction talble of the standard to solve frequency,shaking type and earthquake power.


The use of technology has represented a change in several daily areas; like education. In preschool education case, technologic tools as computers insertion are proposed through the use of collaborative learning. Present research shows the result of the design of a collaborative game prototype, which supports collaboration among preschool children. Through focal groups, 21 teachers of two educative centers that specialize in preschool education in San Jose city in Costa Rica, participated as expert judgment and contributed in the scenario design, obstacles, music and textures of the game. These teachers also participated in workshops where three axes were developed: collaboration, technology and sociocognitive development. To validate aspects as esthetics and game dynamics, the game was evaluated by a group of children. As a result, the tool called "Sistema Solar" (Spanish for Solar System) was created: a virtual environment, where the contribution of three kids is necessary to reach final goal.


A possible mechanism of the influence of solar and geomagnetic activity and of other cosmophysical factors on processes in the lower atmosphere, weather and climate is considered. The main feature of the proposed mechanism is the change of the atmosphere transparency under the influence of galactic and solar cosmic rays. This change of atmosphere transparency is connected with the change of the atmospheric species content, with the development of cycles of nitrogen and hydrogen physical-chemical reactions, including changes in the structure of the clouds. The main cause of the variations in intensity of cosmic rays is the variability of solar activity and of solar wind structure.


Thermoplastic elastomers based on isotactic polypropylene (PP) and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber are prepared . Effects of compositional variables on blend dynamic properties (tend G) and crystallinity are studied using DMTA and DSC, respectively.0ependenca of apparent viscosity (pe) and flow behaviour index (n) upon the blend composttion and shear rate are also investigated .Tenslle characteristics of blends are mcamined .All results show that these two polymers are not compatible from the molecular point of view.Storage modulus Increased and loss tangent decreased with an increase of PP content.At all compositions, pseudoplastlc behaviour is observed and blend viscosity does not obey the linear additive iaw .Tensile strength of blends is also found to be a n0n-additive function of the NBR and PP strength. INTRODUCTION Thermoplastic elastomers are materials which provide ease of processing of thermoplastics and can be moulded like plastics, yet have the properties of vulcanized rubbers .Another advantage is their ease of scrap recycling. Thermoplastic elastomers based on polyolefines are among the most important polymeric blends and have gained considerable attention due to the ease of both preparation and attainment of desired propertics .With these advantages, thermoplastic elastomers have shown a significant increase in industrial usage including development of oil resistant products .They arc mainly prepared by melt mechanical mixing under high shear rate, therefore, melt flow behaviour of such blends should be studied for optimization of the processing and moulding conditions .The dependence of melt viscosity on variables such as shear rate, temperature, and blend composition must also be examined. Investigation on the rheological behaviour of some thermoplastic elastomers mainly those based on polypropylene and polyethylene has been reported [1-8]. Moreover, most polymer mixtures are microheterogeneous as their components are not compatible [9-11] and therefore are expected to show the behaviour of multiphase systems such as phase inversion and segregation [12-14] .The properties, processability and performance of these blends depend on the blend morphology (size and shapes of the components phases), composition, and chemical affinity of the blend components. However, morphology is resultant of component viscosity ratio (size) and elasticity ratio (shape) of the phases [15,16], which are dependent upon composition and melt mixing conditions [17]. Oil resistant thermoplastic elastomers have gained significant importance in the polymer industry.In the present work, blends based on acrylonitrilc butadiene rubber (NBR) and isotactic polypropylene have been prepared .Effects of composition and shear rate on blend melt viscosity, dynamic behaviour, crystallinity and tensile characteristics have been studied. EXPERIMENTAL Materials The NBR rubber used in this work was of the Perbunan (N-3307) supplied by Bayer Company, Germany.The characteristics of NBR and PP used are given in Tables 1 and 2. 12 Iranian Axonal of Polymer Seducer d Technalogr. VOID No.1, January, 1993 Table 1:NBR characterlsttcs Mooney viscosity ML 1+4 (LOOT)


Research addressing budgeting allocation planning on budget allocation and execution planning on Priotization of strategies are scanty in literature. This study presents program-budget marginal-analysis for university budget planning and execution aimed at priotizing budget allocation on strategies used for improving university rating. The research will illustrate the program-budget marginal-analysis with little adjustment to suit the university strategic budget allocations. This paper proposes a conceptional frame work for budget planning execution on university strategies. The framework for implementing PBMA will identify the total amount of available resources or funding allocated to priorities, examination of the current allocation activity, evaluation of benefit of cost of expansion with regards to both existing and new introduced strategies, in any of the existing services in use, which is effective with fewer resources allocation. Alternatives to be allocated fewer resources with greater effectiveness included in the priotized list. The budget allocation has the potential to maximize efficiency of each strategic allocation for improving the university rating.


Although ergonomic studies show that cursor control with a computer mouse is faster and sometimes more accurate than cursor control with a trackball, trackballs are the standard input device for cursor movements on many moving platforms such as airplanes and ships. One reason for this is that trackballs can be fixed to the workstation, which prevents involuntary cursor movements that could otherwise be induced by movements of the platform. In this study, standard trackballs and computer mice with magnetic adhesion to the mouse pad were evaluated by 18 sailors of the German Navy after 26 days of computer operation on their moving ship. Results show that users of magnetic mice performed better and showed less muscular fatigue than trackball users. Thus, magnetic mice should be considered as the standard input device on moving platforms.


ł owik ABSTRACT: Resonances sustained by plasmonic nanoparticles provide extreme electric fi eld con fi nement and enhancement into the deep subwavelength domain for a plethora of applications. Recent progress in nanofabrication made it even possible to tailor the properties of nanoparticles consisting of only a few hundred atoms. These nano particles support both single particle like resonances and collective plasmonic charge density oscillations. Prototypical systems sustaining both features are graphene nanoantennas. In pushing the frontier of nanoscience, traditional identi fi cation, and classi fi cation of such resonances is at stake again. We show that in such nanostructures, the concerted electron cloud oscillation in real space does not necessarily come along with collective dynamics of conduction band electrons in energy space. This unveils an urgent need for a discussion of how a plasmon in nanostructures should be de fi ned. Here, we propose to de fi ne it relying on energy space dynamics. The unambiguous identi fi cation of the plasmonic nature of a resonance is crucial to fi nd out whether desirable plasmon assisted features, such as frequency conversion processes, can be expected from a resonance. We elaborate an energy based fi gure of merit that classi fi es the nature of resonances in nanostructures, motivated by tight binding simulations with a toy model consisting of a linear chain of atoms. We apply afterward the proposed fi gure of merit to a doped hexagonal graphene nanoantenna, which is known to support plasmons in the near infrared and single particle like transitions in


Since the acquired road images are affected by weather and lighting factors, a large amount of noise information is contained. Therefore, it is necessary to denoise the image. Based on the acquired large number of images, the best method is selected through comparison to three image compression methods; after compressed, the image gray-scale processing method based on YUV is selected through comparison; then, the image enhancement processing method based on the frequency domain transformation is selected, and the image denoising process is performed by comparing three denoising methods, the best effect is for median filter; finally, the two image stretching methods are compared, by using the custom function adjstra method, the better image stretching effect can be achieved. So, the image processing method selected by the invention can enlarge the useful information of the image more effectively, and simultaneously, the influence of image noise is greatly reduced.


Objective:To investigate the effects of puerarin on the expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in left ventricle myocardial tissue of the rats with myocardial fibrosis induced by isoprenaline (ISO).Method:In this study,rat model of myocardial fibrosis was established by subcutaneous injection (s.c.) with ISO (0.05% ISO,5 mg/kg per day for ten days).Meanwhile,rats were administrated by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) with peurarin (100 mg/kg per day for 56 or 46 days).Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 150 to 170 g were devided into four groups randomly:model group (group M,n=8),control group (group C,n=8),early treatment with puerarin group (group Pa,n=8),later treatment with puerarin group (group Pp,n=8).Until day 56,left ventricle (LV) weight to body weight ratio was assessed.The cross serial transverse sections of LV of the rats were examined microscopically after Van Gieson (VG) collagen staining,CTGF-antibody immunohistochemstry (IHC) staining and TGF-β1-antibody IHC staining.The quantitative analyses of collagen volume fraction (CVF),CTGF protein and TGF-β1 protein were performed using an image analysis computer system.CTGF mRNA level,TGF-β1 mRNA level and ratio of hydroxyproline to the total protein in LV myocardial tissue were measured.Result:When compared with model group,LV weight/ body weight ratio,CVF and ratio of hydroxyproline/total protein in LV myocardial tissue of the treatment with puerarin groups were decreased (P0.01).Comparing with model group,the CTGF mRNA and TGF-β1 mRNA in LV myocardial tissue of the treatment with puerarin groups were significantly downregulated (P0.01,P0.05,respectively).However,when compared with model group,the CTGF protein and the TGF-β1 protein in LV myocardial tissue the treatment with puerarin groups were markedly decreased (P0.01,P0.05,respectively).CTGF protein was correlated with ratio of hydroxyproline/total protein and CVF in LV of rats of every group (P0.05).Conclusion:These data demonstrated that peurarin reduced the excessive collagen deposition in cardiac interstitial of rats with chronic myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO.One of the mechanisms of the effects is related to downregulate the overexpression of CTGF and TGF-β1,two profibrotic cytokins,in LV myocardial tissue.Furthermore,the effects of early treatment with puerarin are better than those of later treatment with puerarin.


AIM: Of all the complications of laparoscopic cholectecystomy,bile duct injury (BDI) is the most serious complication. Theprevention of injury to the common bile duct (CBD) remainsa significant concern in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).Different kinds of methods have been advanced to avoidthis injury but no single method has gained wide acceptance.Because of various limitations of current methodologieswe began a study using cold light illumination of theextrahepatic biliary system (light cholangiography LCP) tobetter visualize this area and thereby reduce the risk ofbile duct injury.METHODS: Thirty-six patients with cholelithiasis weredivided into two groups. Group I (16 cases) received LCPand group II (20 cases) received methelenum coeruleumcholangiography (MCCP). In group I cold light was used toilluminate the common bile duct by leading an optical fiberinto the common duct with a duodenoscope at the time ofLC. The light coming from the fiber in the CBD could clearlyilluminate the location of CBD and hepatic duct establishingits location relative to the cystic duct. This method wascompared with the dye injection technique using methelenumcoeruleum.RESULTS: In group I thirteen cases were successfullyilluminated and three failed. The cause of three failed caseswas due to the difficulty in inserting the fiber into the ampullaof Vater. No complications occurred in the thirteen successfulcases. In each of these successful cases the location of thecommon and hepatic ducts was clearly seen differentiatingthe ductal system from surrounding anatomy. In ten casesboth the left and right hepatic ducts could be seen and inthree only the right hepatic ducts were seen. In four of thethirteen cases, cystic ducts were also seen. In group II,eighteen of the twenty cases were successful. The locationof extrahepatic ducts became blue differentiating the ductalsystem from surrounding anatomy. Two cases failed dueto a stone obstructing the cystic duct, and extravisation ofthe dye turned the entire area blue. LCP showed thecommon


We show that continuous group homomorphisms between unitary groups of unital C*-algebras induce maps between spaces of continuous real-valued affine functions on the trace simplices. Under certain $K$-theoretic regularity conditions, these maps can be seen to commute with the pairing between $K_0$ and traces. If the homomorphism is contractive and sends the unit circle to the unit circle, the map between spaces of continuous real-valued affine functions can further be shown to be unital and positive (up to a minus sign).


From driver assistance in manual mode to takeover requests in highly automated mode, knowing the state of driver (e.g. sleeping, distracted, attentive) is critical for safe, comfortable and stress-free driving. Since driving is a visually demanding task, driver's gaze is especially important in estimating the state of driver; it has the potential to derive what the driver has attended to or is attending to and predict future actions. We developed a machine vision based framework to model driver's behavior by representing the gave dynamics over a time period using gaze fixations and transition frequencies. As a use case, we explore the driver's gaze patterns during maneuvers executed in freeway driving, namely, left lane change maneuver, right lane change maneuver and lane keep. It is shown that mapping gaze dynamics to gaze fixations and transition frequencies leads to recurring patterns based on driver activities. Furthermore, using data from on-road driving, we show that modeling these patterns show predictive powers in on-road driving maneuver detection around a few hundred milliseconds a priori.


We investigate the relation between the performance and characteristics of 1,779 domestic, actively managed retail equity mutual funds with diverse expense ratios. We show that using expense ratio standard deviation classes is an effective method for characterizing fund expenses for investors. Using various performance measures including Russell-index-adjusted returns, the results indicate that superior performance, on average, occurs among large funds with low expense ratios, low trading activity, and no or low front-end loads. Performance is invariant with respect to whether funds have 12b-1 fees.


Dear sir, Reconstruction of burn sequelae presents a challenge. Sometimes, after failure of other less invasive measures, there is an indication for extended scar excision and reconstruction with a locoregional or free flap. In major burns, there is a limitation of local reconstructive options given the extent of burns and scarcity of donor areas. Here we report of a case of secondary reconstruction of an axillary postburn scar contracture with a previously burned skin flap based on a thoracodorsal artery perforator. A 45-year-old male suffered a high voltage electrical burn (25,000 volts) at the level of the right upper limb and right hemithorax (20% TBSA).During his prolonged hospitalization at a Burn Unit, the patient underwent surgical debridement and reconstruction with partial thickness skin grafts. The patient developed a contracture band at the right axilla, with significant limitation of abduction (<90 ) of the affected limb. The patient had been previously submitted to a Z-plasty with small improvement after physiotherapy butmaintaining important functional limitation (Figure 1a). After clinical evaluation and discussion of surgical options, we have decided for scar excision and reconstruction with a thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap of the previously burned area (showing signs of a healed 2nd degree burn) after preoperative Doppler identification of the main perforator (Figure 1b,c). The flap (14 7 cm) was harvested based on proximal perforator of the descending branch of the thoracodorsal artery, leaving a shaft of muscular tissue surrounding it to prevent venous congestion (Figure 1d). It was rotated to 180 to reach the axillary defect (Figure 1e). The patient presented good aesthetic and functional results 3 months after surgery, with early improvement in shoulder mobility(>120 of abduction) and no significant scar bands formation (Figure 1f,g). The blood supply to the skin relies on the existence of vascular plexus parallel to the surface of the skin at various depths. Thus, the survival of a skin flap depends on the depth of tissue damage caused by a burn. Perforator flaps consist of skin and subcutaneous tissue flaps based on a perforator artery that can be isolated. A deep (full-thickness) burn destroys the dermal plexus and may also damage subcutaneous vessels. It is known that the healing process somehow restores skin irrigation. However, the dissection of healed/previously burned skin flaps is still debated. Some authors state that previously burned tissues can be safely used as local fasciocutaneous flaps (Borman et al., 1999; Das-Gupta & Bang, 2006; Pribaz & Pelham, 1994), without evidence of a higher rate of complications compared to the use of healthy tissues.(Barret et al., 2002) However, previous burned skin may have reduced skin elasticity leading to inferior functional results, so they should be used only when no other local/regional options are available, or when other possibilities (e.g., dermal matrices and secondary skin grafting) also have unpredictable results, while requiring several procedures. To the best of the authors' knowledge, perforator flap harvest from a previously burned area has not been reported before. This case shows the safety of a perforator flap dissection from previously burned skin, with good aesthetic and functional results. Reconstruction of scar sequelae in burned patients may involve the


The statement for the combined problem of the gravity anomaly estimation on a moving vehicle and refining the model of the gravimeter's sensitive element is proposed within the framework of the Bayesian approach. This statement makes it possible to correctly take into account the dynamic properties of a damped gravimeter when surveying the gravity anomaly from a moving vehicle and, inter alia, makes it possible to identify the parameters of the gravimeter sensitive element model both at the stage of gravimeter calibration and during the gravimetric survey. The simulation results for solving the formulated problem in filtering and smoothing modes are presented and analyzed.


Here it is shown, every n-dimensional compact constant isotropic L-curvature space and J-curvature space (as well as Landsberg surface) with non-zero ∞ag curvature is Riemannian. As a consequence of this work, not only known results on the Gauss-Bonnet theorem on Finsler surfaces become trivial, but it will be so for a larger class of n-dimensional Finsler manifolds as well, namely constant isotropic L-curvature and J-curvature spaces.


Abstract Objectives Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, autonomic dysregulation, and neural endocrine tumor (ROHHAD-NET) syndrome is a youth-onset constellation of symptoms including rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation. Despite growing understanding of the clinical classification of this syndrome there is limited investigation into treatment of the rapid-onset obesity which can be progressive and life-limiting. The purpose of this case report is to describe the clinical timeline and treatment of severe obesity in a patient with of ROHHAD-NET and propose recommendations for the treatment of associated obesity. Case presentation We present the case of a 10-year-old female with a clinical presentation consistent with ROHHAD-NET who achieved clinically meaningful weight loss with a combination of lifestyle modification and anti-obesity pharmacotherapies. We report on the use of three separate pharmacological agents and ultimately the referral for bariatric surgery. Conclusions Given that early-onset obesity and hypoventilation are life-limiting components of this condition, early recognition and treatment are essential to improve health outcomes.


A small village named Murti is situated along the bank of river Murti in Dooars. The adjacent area of murti is rich in insect biodiversity. Knowledge on the diversity and the role of Orthopteran insects in tea ecosystem of West Bengal including Dooars and Terai is very scanty. Hemocytes are the chief immune cells of insects. The number and shape of hemocytes can change rapidly in response to environmental stress and pollution. Grasshopper (Orthoptera) species were collected from Murti and adjoining areas and from different agricultural fields of North 24 Parganas (West Bengal). Hemolymph was stained by Giemsa, and Neutral Red. Cellular morphology and phagocytosis was examined. Normal cell shape and behavioural activities like phagocytosis, cell-cell fusion was observed in insects collected from Murti, and adjoining areas of Dooars. But in case of insect hemocytes isolated from different agricultural fields of North 24 Parganas and its adjacent sites showed altered shape and different phases of cell death like degeneration of nuclei, formation of membrane blebs and rupture of plasma membrane. Toxic environmental pollutants may be responsible for alteration of hemocytes size and function which may effect on biodiversity. Hemocytes can be used as an effective bio-indicator by which the health of the ecosystem can be screened.


the plain radiograph demonstrates the falsiform ligament (Figure 1) which is not normally seen. however, when there is gas in the abdomen, the liver is pushed back from both sides of the ligament. The resulting contrast makes the ligament evident.1 to confirm the impression of pneumoperitoneum, a second plain film of the abdomen was taken while the infant was held in an upright position. it clearly showed the accumulation of gas under the diaphragm (Figure 2). had the baby been very sick and if she could not be held upright, a cross-table or lateral decubitus x-ray film should have been taken. it would have shown a bubble of gas in the abdomen just under the umbilical stump. This approach is presently recommended so as not to disturb the patient.


Abstract Seabird populations have been affected by fisheries, climate, predators, and other pressures these past two hundred years. These had little proven impact on such traditional fowling activities as were still practised around the Irish Sea, but they coincided with fast-developing industrialization and profit-maximization. Vast numbers of seabirds and their eggs were sought for food, feathers, and oil; and a growing conservation lobby sought their legal protection. Collectively, these pressures triggered a rapid decline in commercial exploitation and ended most subsistence fowling, the main exception being relatively modest twentieth-century wartime revivals. Apart from occasional references, and bird bone from archaeological sites, little evidence survives for earlier harvesting of seabirds (other than on the Calf of Man and Rathlin). Conversely, many small Irish Sea islands appear to have been used as rabbit warrens and grazings from the twelfth century, parts of bigger mainland estates. This suggests that many were cleared of earlier cultures and traditions under the influence of (Anglo-)Norman/Flemish overlordship. Seabird harvesting traditions that survived on Rathlin into the mid-twentieth century, and the possible interaction of Celtic, Norse, and other fowling traditions around the Irish Sea, are now explored in Parts 5 and 6 (Folk Life, forthcoming).


The use of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) at low voltage allows improvements in the lateral resolution and surface sensitivity of the technique down to the sub-micrometre scale, and it is also useful in minimizing X-ray absorption (for the analysis of ultra-light elements), charging effects and secondary fluorescence. However, EPMA at low voltage is accompanied by a number of problems which may affect the accuracy of quantitative results. A large number of these problems arise from the need of using low-energy X-ray lines such as L- and M-lines, which have low fluorescence yields, large uncertainties in the mass attenuation coefficients, and are affected by several spectroscopic difficulties (e.g., peak shifts and overlaps). Other factors that play an important role at low voltage are carbon contamination, surface oxidation, the quality of sample polishing, the influence of a conductive coating and the limitations of matrix correction procedures. In this paper, we illustrate the capabilities of EPMA at low voltage and we examine in detail the different sources of uncertainty that may affect the accuracy of quantitative results.


SUMMARY Theprevalence ofhumanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV)risk factors was evaluated byquestionnaire survey in1565consecutive patients whoattended an adult AE 1324(86.6%) were inagreement 121ofwhom were inthehighrisk group. Therewas no significant difference (X2=0.093: P>0.7)inopinion betweenthe'unknownrisk' andhigh-risk patient groupson thismatter.


Abstract In Denmark, as in other Western European countries, the working class does not vote for social democratic parties to the same extent as before. Yet, what role did the social democratic parties themselves play in the demobilization of class politics? Building on core ideas from public opinion literature, this article differs from the focus on party policy positions in previous work and, instead, focuses on the group-based appeals of the Social Democratic Party in Denmark. Based on a quantitative content analysis of party programs between 1961 and 2004, I find that, at the general level, class-related appeals have been replaced by appeals targeting non-economic groups. At the specific level, the class-related appeals that remain have increasingly been targeting businesses at the expense of traditional left-wing groups such as wage earners, tenants and pensioners. These findings support a widespread hypothesis that party strategy was crucial in the decline of class politics, but also suggests that future work on class mobilization should adopt a group-centered perspective.


OH 17.7 - 2.0 is a post-asymptotic giant branch star that is of great interest. The 1612-MHz OH emission from OH 17.7 - 2.0 is characterized by a double-peaked spectrum. Such a line profile has been assumed to represent maser emission from an expanding circumstellar shell. A new VLBI observation of the OH maser in OH 17.7 - 2.0 has been made using the European VLBI Network, and a relative position map of the eight OH maser spots has been obtained. Using the relative position map, it is found that the eight OH maser spots are distributed on an expanding circumstellar shell. The parameters of the expanding circumstellar shell have been obtained.


Photosynthetic characteristics of Philodendron pluto were studied The results showed that Philodendron pluto had high chlorophll content , low ratio of chlorophll a to chlorophll b, and high ratio of photosynthetic rate to respiratory rate So it was suitable for indoor ornamental plants Its light compensation point and light saturation point were 49 104 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 and 346 914 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 respectively Proposals about cultivation and management of P pluto were suggested


Objective To explore the effect of strengthening nursing care on coronary heart disease patients with chronic heart failure.Methods Totals of 180 consecutive patients with coronary heart disease hospitalized for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure were enrolled in the period from January 2009 to November 2010.They were randomly divided into observation group and control group,90 cases in each group.Both groups received traditional nursing,observation group received additionally strengthening nursing care.Remission time,CCU treatment duration,total hospitalization duration and mortality rate respectively were compared.Results Compared observation group with control group,the mean remission time [(3.42 ± 0.390) d vs (4.81 ±0.297)d],CCU treatment duration [(5.04 ±0.559)d vs (7.18 ±0.862) d],total hospitalization duration [(13.800 ± 2.061) d vs (16.642 ± 2.856) d],mortality rate (6.7% vs 17.8%) were lower in observation group than control group,and significant difference was found (t =-26.991,-19.728,-7.665,-5.178,respectively; P < 0.05).Conclusions The strengthening nursing care can remarkably enhance the therapeutic effect.It can not only shorten remission time,CCU treatment duration,total hospitalization duration,but also reduces the mortality rate.

Key words:
Coronary heart disease;  Chronic heart failure;  Treatment effect;  Strengthening nursing care


The main purpose of the research is to determine the job satisfaction levels of school administrators and teachers. The descriptive method based on screening model for revealing the existing situation was used in the study. An attempt to determine the job satisfaction levels of administrators and teachers in educational organizations was made in this research. It was concluded in the research that the job satisfactions of administrators and teachers regarding the management, additional payment, reward, working conditions, workmates, the job itself and communication were mainly at medium-level, and their satisfactions regarding wage and promotion were at low level. The satisfaction or dissatisfaction experienced by school administrators and teachers while working affect the structure and functioning of the school in which they work. Accordingly, it is necessary to establish a school environment in which the job satisfactions of school administrators and teachers are ensured for educational organizations to achieve their objectives. Work saturation has been done in many studies in the related field. However, it is thought-provoking if satisfaction is provided to the schools. Taking all of these into consideration is thought that it would be beneficial to carry out this study.


The paper has analyzed the nature of academic journal impact factor and the condition of its use,explored existing problems in improper use and the way for improvement in order to better bring its role in academic evaluation and management.


Phytoestrogens are compounds produced as secondary metabolites in some plants and forajes for animal and human consumption. Its importance is that when they are consumed they can have endogenous activity of agonizing or antagonizing the estrogens. It is known five families of phytoestrogens classified according to their chemical structure as (flavonoids, isoflavones, coumestans, lignans and stilbenes). Despite the fact that phytoestrogens affect vital systems such as the kidney, nervous, cardiovascular and others, one of the most affected is the reproductive tract, in which is the focuses of this review; however, the literature is controversial because they has shown both carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic effects. The mechanism of action of phytoestrogens is mediated by stimulation or inhibition of the receptors ERα and ERβ that are specific to estrogen, and therefore are considered of importance in animal production systems and human health because they may cause alterations on the reproductive physiology. The aim of this review is to show the state of the art about the knowledge of the effect of phytoestrogens on reproduction and highlight gaps in knowledge.


Based on primary tests,nine kinds of cultivation substrate components for spawn capsule of Lentinula edodes were designed,and mycelial growth rate,formation time quantity of strumae,characters of spawn molding callus and water holding performance were observed and tested.The results showed that the ratio of thick sawdust thin sawdust,wheat bran,thin bran powder or cottonseed hull powder and composite supplement material,LS1 or LS2, should be controlled(3-4)∶1,5%~10%,15%~20% and 8%,respectively,so that it can accelerate growth of mycelial recovery of callus after molding,control mycelial trans-color velum formation,increase water holding performance and prolong preservation time of spawn capsule.LSC1 and LSC5 can be used special cultivation substrate components for spawn capsule of Lentinula edodes cultivated with artificial compost.


This paper proposes a novel framework for enhancing underwater images captured by optical imaging model and non-local means denoising. The proposed approach adjusts the color balance using biasness correction and the average luminance. Scene visibility is then enhanced based on an underwater optical imaging model. The increase in noise in the enhanced images is alleviated by non-local means (NLM) denoising. The final enhanced images are characterized by improved visibility while retaining color fidelity and reducing noise. The proposed method does not require specialized hardware nor prior knowledge of the underwater environment. key words: underwater image, color correction, image restoration, denoising


The Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) in partnership with the Centre for Pavement and Transportation Technology (CPATT) at the University of Waterloo and other partners planned and designed an ambitious research project that would validate and evaluate the structural performance of different pavement mixes and structural designs by monitoring three test sections constructed on Highway 401, Ontario, Canada. The project design did not allow for changes in traffic and environmental conditions within the three test section to ensure that the traffic load will be exactly the same among the different structural designs. Two of the three test sections were designed as very thick or perpetual asphalt pavement sections with a Rich Bottom Mix (RBM) at the bottom of asphalt layers and a perpetual asphalt pavement section without the RBM layer. A conventional asphalt pavement section was also included to act as a control section. Monitoring the three pavement test sections will be facilitated by using sensors that are capable of capturing the strain, vertical pressure, moisture content and temperature. In addition, a Preliminary structural evaluation was performed by analyzing the three designs using a Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) models representing the three pavement designs. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) was also performed for the perpetual and conventional pavement designs to evaluate the cost benefits associated with pavement designs for 70 year analysis period.


In this case study, I present some of the challenges that are inherent in large, complex international ethnographic field research studies. This case describes a study of people from the "bottom of the pyramid" in both urban and rural South Africa. The team encountered some predictable and many unpredictable challenges. This case study covers both what the challenges were and also how I addressed them.


Premise of research. The extinct conifer genus Schizolepidopsis is characterized by deeply bilobed ovuliferous scales bearing two adaxial seeds. Although it is frequently placed in Pinaceae, the evidence for a close relationship with the family is mixed. Resolving the affinities of Schizolepidopsis has important implications for the age of Pinaceae because putative reports of the genus extend into the Late Permian. We describe a new species, Schizolepidopsis ediae sp. nov., based on specimens from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, China, that represent the first anatomically preserved occurrences of Schizolepidopsis. Methodology. Specimens were studied using light microscopy, cellulose acetate peels, and X-ray micro–computed tomography. To test relationships between Schizolepidopsis and Pinaceae, we performed conifer-wide phylogenetic analyses that included 10 previously described fossil conifers using DNA sequence data and a new morphological matrix of ovulate reproductive characters. Analyses were performed using Bayesian total evidence and parsimony backbone approaches. Pivotal results. Schizolepidopsis ediae possesses key characters of Pinaceae, including those related to pollination biology. Most analyses placed S. ediae in crown group Pinaceae (abietoid clade), with all other Schizolepidopsis species forming a grade along the Pinaceae stem. Uncertainty in the data indicates that stem group affinities of S. ediae are also possible. Conclusions. Schizolepidopsis ediae provides the first conclusive evidence linking Schizolepidopsis with extant Pinaceae. The phylogenetic relationships between extant Pinaceae and Schizolepidopsis suggest that seed wings evolved along the Pinaceae stem and not with the crown group and that, in combination with developmental genetic evidence, the simple ovuliferous scales of Pinaceae likely evolved from bilobed ovuliferous scales like those of Schizolepidopsis. More broadly, this study provides evidence of a Mesozoic Pinaceae stem group that might extend into the Paleozoic, helping to reconcile the ancient stem divergence of Pinaceae with its relatively recent crown age.


Interfaces to mobile information access devices need to allow users to interact using whichever mode or combination of modes are most appropriate, given their user preference, task at hand, and physical and social environment. This paper describes a multimodal application architecture which facilitates rapid prototyping of flexible next-generation multimodal interfaces. Our sample application MATCH (Multimodal Access To City Help) provides a mobile multimodal speech-pen interface to restaurant and subway information for New York City. Finite-state multimodal language processing technology enables input in pen, speech, or integrated combinations of the two. The system also features multimodal generation capabilities providing speech output synchronized with dynamic graphical displays.


WORKING WITH older people with mental health problems has traditionally been seen as one of the least important specialties by many mental health professionals.