Once controversial or cutting-edge, freewriting has recently become "part of every writing teacher's repertoire" (Bizzell and Herzberg in Elbow 393). On par with outlining or webbing, freewriting seems to be a go-to practice in a writing teacher's tool kit. This downshift into uncritical acceptance presents an apt moment to reconsider how we implement freewriting practices in the college writing classroom. Toward this reexamination, this essay problematizes the pervasive assumption about freewriting that it is above all else easy, effortless, quick, and free from judgment, hesitation, and doubt. The essay suggests that this assumed ease remains one of the thorniest and obscured problems in the practice of classroom-based freewriting and hypothesizes that the mode required to freewrite is not necessarily natural or automatic for student writers, but rather requires training, conversation, and reorientation. In order for freewriting to be an effective means of stimulating critical and creative thinking, teachers of writing need to consider not only how we can add in analytical and reflective thinking about freewriting texts, but also how we can get students to do productive, questioning, and exploratory thinking within freewriting itself. Above all, facilitators of freewriting can benefit from assuming the difficulties of thinking through freewriting. In his recent book, Vernacular Eloquence: What Speech Can Bring to Writing, Peter Elbow explores how the virtues of spoken language might be brought to written composition. Among implications for how we conceive of literacy, access, and the conventional divides between speech and writing, Vernacular Eloquence reconsiders one of Elbow's most visible contributions to composition studies: freewriting. Elbow explains how his investigation of speech has caused him to see freewriting in yet another light: I was freewriting my way out of a tangle of perplexity and I startled myself with a new thought: "I'm not just writing. I'm speaking . . . on to the page." I realized that I was using the linguistic gear I normally use for talking. . . . This realization opened up a new way to see freewriting—hear freewriting—and at the same time it also opened up a new way to think about the very nature of speaking and writing. (147) Speaking onto the page is Elbow's newest metaphor for conceptualizing the merits of freewriting, merits that familiarly still emphasize using "our fingers to put words onto the page or screen" and having "the words come to mind fluently, nonstop, without planning or conscious choosing" (147). While his consideration of speech brings Elbow to understand freewriting in a different register, the named advantages of freewriting are nonetheless familiar. As has been emphasized before, the freewriting mode is purportedly— above almost all else—easy, valued fundamentally for "how it effortlessly captures onto the page some of the precious virtues of unplanned spoken language" (152; emphasis added). In Vernacular Eloquence, Elbow re-asserts that freewriting is a "fast easy way to get a first draft"; a "good way to avoid the reluctance and procrastination that so often stops us"; and that it "frees us from constant nagging by the internal editor" (156). Like speech, freewriting Page 1 of 18 CF 27: Thinking Through Freewriting by Hannah Rule http://compositionforum.com/issue/27/freewriting.php continues to be fast, free, and effortlessly generative, because, as Elbow writes in Writing With Power, it "help[s] you stand out of the way and let[s] words be chosen by the sequence of words themselves" (16). Complementing this ease of expression, freewriting is also said to generate flexible thinking. "Writing is a way to end up thinking something you couldn't have started out thinking" (16), Elbow writes in Writing Without Teachers. To freewrite, in much of its discussion, then, is to be flexible, creative, and questioning in one's thinking. In fact, the Bard Institute's very definition of focused freewriting—"'All reflective, probative, speculative writing, freewritten yet focused, that explores a term, problem, issue, question, openendedly.' That is, almost any kind of writing that has a point, and that is geared toward discovery" (Wallack 29)—is couched in terms of thinking processes. Freewriting, then, is synonymous with freethinking. As a regular freewriter in my own composing processes and as a writing teacher who often asks her student-writers to freewrite, claims about the ease of freewriting, on one hand, ring true. In my own writing, I've started to use a comfortable physical writing place—an email window—to get sharper, less contorted articulations of my thinking, to be plain and straightforward, and to explore, and often to contradict, the line of argument in a working draft. The advantages I experience from using this practice, like the many who describe their own freewriting habits (Elbow, Ferro, Macrorie, Stover), are why I introduce and practice freewriting of various kinds with my collegiate and K-12 writing students alike. Like Elbow and many others, I do believe that freewriting does good things for the enterprise of writing—and thinking. But suspending this belief for a moment, I want to indulge a contrary response that serves as the center of this essay. This essay interrogates the claim that freewriting is an effortless and quick means to creativity, discovery, curiosity, and questioning, a way to help students "find their own perplexity" (Hammond 89) and "structure inquiry without prescribing the answer" (Hammond 88). I argue that this purported ease in freely and complexly thinking in freewriting remains one of the most obscured problems in the practice of classroom-based freewriting. Research has already problematized some of the most familiar of our assumptions about the freewriting mode. Sheryl I. Fontaine, for example, concluded from a large set of private freewrites that students wrote "in fairly conventional, logically structured ways about unsurprising topics" (10). Richard H. Haswell, too, has problematized our sense that freewriting is messy by demonstrating the conventional, linear organizational structures of student freewrites. In spite of these complications to our basic freewriting assumptions, relatively little attention has been paid to the conventional wisdom that student writers can easily use freewriting to move their thinking in novel ways. Instead, studies abound with positive claims about how freewriting increases critical and creative thinking (Hammond, Marsella and Hilgers, Sheridan, Stover, Spencer, Marshall), and with few exceptions, this alignment of freewriting and freethinking isn't much questioned. This essay hypothesizes that the thinking/writing mode necessary to engage in focused, or what I'll name directed, freewriting practices of all sorts rather requires training, conversation, and reorientation. Reconsidering the difficulties of thinking through freewriting, my primary focus will be on practices that are best understood as directed freewriting. Though directed and focused freewriting can be understood as equivalent terms (Wallack 25), directed freewriting is usefully distinguished from focused freewriting in its procedural quality. Directed freewriting is a series of prompted freewriting sessions, bridged by review and analysis of what has been written, and designed to stimulate analysis, discovery, and development. These directed practices, described in the work of Elbow and others, centrally concern me because they render an important tension in implementing any kind of freewriting practice: one between leading or directing freewriting practice versus getting out the way and allowing the writer full control. Directed freewriting acknowledges the structured ways college student writers may need to be introduced, trained, or untrained to use writing for thinking in potentially radically new ways. However, as I will argue, this interest in leading students through a Page 2 of 18 CF 27: Thinking Through Freewriting by Hannah Rule http://compositionforum.com/issue/27/freewriting.php rigorous process with their freewrites still overlooks difficulties student writers may have in freely generating ideas within freewriting itself. Being mindful of how freewriting is implemented for thinking is especially significant given the current familiarity and pervasiveness of the practice. As Elbow makes clear, while freewriting was once considered problematic or vexed, nowadays "no one much objects to freewriting or even fights for it" (Vernacular Eloquence 392). Elbow notes that Patricia Bizzell and Bruce Herzberg call freewriting "part of every writing teacher's repertoire" (393). It would seem then that freewriting has become a practice on par with outlining or webbing, a go-to practice in almost any teacher's tool kit. This moment of uncritical acceptance represents an urgent moment to keep freewriting in critical and evaluative discourses.{1} [#note1] This inquiry responds to this need by questioning the implementation of freewriting practices touted to inspire creative and flexible thinking. The virtues of freewriting practices to this point have been empirically studied from a variety of angles: through analysis of a large sample of freewritten texts (Fontaine, Haswell), through interview of students who have had experience doing freewriting (Mullin), and through assessments of student learning aided by freewriting (Hinkle and Hinkle, Cheshire), among others. Research generally has not, by contrast, closely observed a student freewriter in the process of performing directed freewriting prompts. This up-close approach, described in the following sections, provides insight into the amount of dialogue necessary to facilitate the freewriting session as well as the surprising way the student writer deals with contradiction and discovery in her writing. Especially because freewriting relies on the writing teacher's distance


Krasno and Green have argued that political advertising has no impact on voter turnout. We remain unconvinced by their evidence, given concerns about how they measure the advertising environment, how they measure advertising tone, their choice of modeling techniques and the generalizability of their findings. These differences aside, we strongly agree that political advertising does little to undermine voter participation.


In the framework of factorized perturbative QCD, higher twist mesonic binding effects in lepton pair production in vector meson-hadron collisions are investigated. A general expression for the higher twist contributions is derived. As an example, these contributions are calculated in the case of the ρ meson-proton collision and comparisons are made to leading twist ones. It is shown that the higher twist contributions induced by a transversely polarized ρT meson are large for all values of the dilepton transverse momentum pT (2 GeV≤pT≤6 GeV). In the kinematic regimes τ=Q2/S→1 or xF→1, the higher twist corrections induced by both ρT and ρL exceed considerably the leading ones. The Drell-Yan processes with dilepton rapidity y>0 are especially preferable for the observation of these effects.


A theoretical discussion of the adsorption process of charcoal based adsorbent ,suggests a simplified method to calculate the adsorption amount at a given temperature , and demonstrates the feasibility of this method through simulation with experiments.


This paper are present a wireless sensor network using PSO technique. Wireless sensor network (WSN) is used in many of application for instrumentation, diagnostics and control. Reliable and continuous operation of wireless sensor network is challenging task due to increasing no. of nodes and limited power. The optimization of physical layer parameter such that the modulation technique, operating frequency, transmission power , hop distance and antenna design are play very important role in performance improvement of WSN. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is intelligent approach that can be applied for finding fast and efficient solutions of such problems. KeywordsWSN, PSO, energy detection, etc.


We describe the one-month (June 2003) effort to create a topic detection and tracking (TDT) system to support news stories in Hindi. The University of Massachusetts submitted results for three different TDT tasks in the DARPA surprise language evaluation. The official task was topic tracking, but we also provided results for the new event detection and topic detection (clustering) tasks. Our approach to all three tasks was based on the vector-space model of information retrieval. We also describe the process we used to create the relevance judgments used to evaluate the system. Results suggest that topic tracking effectiveness is comparable to that of TDT tracking systems in other languages. Results for clustering and new event detection indicate that parameter settings for those tasks are sensitive to the language being used.


Microvascular blood flow (BF) delivers nutrients such as oxygen (0 2) to tissue and removes metabolic by-products from tissue. Normal microvascular BF is thus critical for tissue function. Abnormal BF is associated with conditions such as cardiovas-cular disease, stroke, head trauma, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and cancer (Yu et al. 2005a, b, 2006, Durduran et al. 2009b, Zhou et al. 2009). Therefore, measurement of BF holds potential to provide useful information for diagnosis of tissue disease and for monitoring therapeutic effects. The ideal BF measurement should provide quantitative information about macro-and microvasculature with millisecond temporal resolution. The measurements should be carried out continuously, noninvasively, and without risk to subjects. Furthermore, ideal measurements would not. be limited to the tissue surface, i.e., it is desirable to pro be BF in deep tissues. Unfortunately, no such ideal modality exists. We thus begin with a brief review of the "imperfect" technologies currently utilized in the clinic. A variety of noninvasive methods are employed for the measurement ofBF and blood cell velocity (Wintermark et al. 2005). Ultrasound, for example, penetrates through the skin, making transcutaneous flow measurements practical. When a cellular target recedes from the fixed sound source, the frequency of the reflected sound wave is lowered because of the Doppler effect (Hoskins 1990). For small changes, the fractional change in sound wave frequency equals the fractional change in cell velocity. Doppler ultrasound can image large vessels in three dimensions with relatively high spatial (mm) and temporal (-ms) resolution. Unfortunately, this technique is limited to large vessels ; extension to the microvasculature requires exogenous contrast agents such as mictobubbles (Sehgal et al. 2000, Yu et al. 2005b, Sunar et al. 2007). Other imaging techniques have been developed to evaluate tissue hemodynamics at the level of the microvasculature (Wintermark et al. 2005), including positron emission tomog-raphy (PET) (Baron 1999), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) (Mahagne et al. 2004), xenon-enhanced computed tomography (XeCT) (Latchaw et al. 2003), dynamic perfusion computed tomography (PCT) (Wintermark et al. 2000), dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (bSC-MRI) (Kidwell et al. 2003), and arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) (Detre et al. 1992, Williams et al. 1992). These techniques use endogenous (ASL-MRI) and exog


Tin monosulphide (SnS) thin films capped by PVA have been successfully deposited on glass substrates for cost effective photovoltaic device applications by a simple and low-cost wet chemical process, chemical bath deposition (CBD) at different bath temperatures varying in the range, 50–80 °C. X–ray diffraction analysis showed that the deposited films were polycrystalline in nature, showing orthorhombic structure with an intense peak corresponding to (040) plane of SnS. These observations were further confirmed by Raman analysis. FTIR spectra showed the absorption bands which corresponds to PVA in addition to SnS. The scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy studies revealed that the deposited SnS films were uniform and nanostructured with an average particle size of 4.9 to 7.6 nm. The optical investigations showed that the layers were highly absorbing with the optical absorption coefficient ~105 cm–1. A decrease in optical band gap from 1.92 to 1.55 eV with an increase of bath temperature was observed. The observed band gap values were higher than the bulk value of 1.3 eV, which might be due to quantum confinement effect. The optical band gap values were also used to calculate particle size and the results are discussed.


The rural grassroots party organization is the leader in leading the rural poor and marginal households to get rid of poverty. The integration of rural party building work with targeted poverty alleviation work, promoting poverty alleviation through party building, and promoting party building through poverty alleviation are the key to the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation tasks. . At present, in order to promote targeted poverty alleviation, Jilin Province has implemented many measures such as rectifying weak and scattered grassroots party organizations, sending the first secretary to the village to help, and the "Party Building +" model to strengthen the combat effectiveness of rural grassroots party organizations. What cannot be ignored is that there are some Rural party organizations have a weak sense of responsibility in carrying out targeted poverty alleviation, weak "battle fortresses", and insufficient ability to integrate poverty alleviation resources. With the continuous and in-depth advancement of targeted poverty alleviation actions, they are eager to face new situations, new tasks and new challenges. It is necessary for party organizations at all levels, especially rural grassroots party organizations and the vast number of rural party members and cadres to actively and fully play the role of fighting fortresses and vanguards.


We study the compressible Euler equations with spherical symmetry surrounding a solid ball. For the spherically symmetric flow, the global existence of $L^{\infty}$ entropy weak solutions has not yet obtained except a special case. In this paper, we prove the existence of global solutions in the more general case. We construct approximate solutions by using a modified Godunov scheme. The main point is to obtain an $L^{\infty}$ bound for the approximate solutions.


Although the cascade of material flow is presently suitable for the aluminum recycling, a better utilization of secondary alloys is required. In order to establish an upgradeable recycling design for developing wrought products from secondary aluminum alloys, a fine distribution of the primary phases in hyper-eutectic Al-Si-Fe-Mn cast materials has been achieved. Two novel processes were adopted. One was repeated thermomechanical treatment (RTMT), which involves a repetition of a multi-step cold-working followed by heat treatment. The other was rapid solidification by high-speed twin-roll casting to develop a fine solidification structure in a thin sheet. By applying these processes, refined microstructures were successfully obtained. Microstructural refinement by RTMT resulted in the avoidance of early fracture that was detected in the cast material by a tensile test. The RTMT imparted good ductility; therefore, it was possible to allow greater flexibility in the cold working of Al-Si-Fe-Mn cast materials. In view of global environmental issues, it has become essential to conserve resources and energy and to reduce environmental pollution, waste and by-products. The recy- cling of aluminum and steel scrap assumes importance, since the production of primary aluminum from bauxite ore consumes a large amount of energy. Moreover, remelting of the aluminum scrap requires only several percent of the energy needed to produce the same weight of the primary aluminum. However, the application of secondary (scrap) alloys has been almost limited to castings. The question arises as to why the cascade of material flow is suitable for aluminum recycling. The products generally consist of many types of materials. Even after a bulk sorting, the elements such as Si, Fe and Mn in secondary aluminum alloys are contaminated. These contaminants are detrimental to lead to very poor formability of wrought products, and their refining is difficult and higher costly. On the other hand, the alloy compositions for casts is simplified by blending aluminum scraps. Spray-forming has been used for refining primary Si crystals in hyper-eutectic Al-Si alloys, 1,2) but it is not suitable for mass production. Thus, a new technological model has been developed to make the secondary materials be innoc- uous from the contaminants for their widespread use. For promoting this model, we have proposed a kind of prototype process for recycling products from aluminum cast alloys, 3) and have also examined the statistics of aluminum material flow in Japan. Alloying Si, Fe and Mn, which leads to the formation of primary Si crystal or compound in Al-Si based alloys, provides a good wear resistance, low thermal expansion, and high Young's modulus and strength at higher temperatures. The Al-Si-Fe-Mn system having multiple phases with low mutual solid solubility is effectively as an in- situ composite. The content ratio of Mn to Fe affects the morphology of the compound. The hexagonal form of not only the primary Si crystal but also the compound is desirable for the homogeneous distribution after thermomechanical treatment, although Al5SiFe compound exhibits an acicular form. 4) Hence Al-Si-Fe-Mn alloys possess the advantage of


Polymer emulsion was used as the admixture for the purpose of increasing the mechanical properties of cement mortar. The effect of polymer emulsion admixture on compressive strength and tensile strength and chemical resistance, relative humidity on compressive and tensile strength, sand particles on water absorption were studied. The results were as follows. 1. Polymer emulson modified mortar cured under 95% of realative humidity showed lower strength than the mortar cured at dry condition. 2. The maximun strength was attained at 10~20% of polystyrene and polyacrylic acid ester polymer-cement mortar. 3. The modfied mortar (sand size rate (-9+35) mech :(-35+60) mech =4 : 1) was 1.5 times lower than the modified mortar (1 : 1) in water absorption. 4. Compared with the ordinary mortar, the modified mortar showed 2~3 times greater chemical resistance for 5% HCl or 5% H₂SO₄.


AbstractThe feasibility and effectiveness of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) wrap in the rehabilitation of corroded pipes under bending and internal pressure was investigated by using experi...


The design and operation of electrosynthesis cells for generation of samples for X-ray absorption spectroscopy are described. Optimization of continuous-flow methods allows the generation of highly reducing species, which may be combined with spectroscopic validation of the composition of the electrogenerated solution. It is shown that the large sample volume (10 mL) of the 1–10 mM (in the absorbing element) solution required for such experiments can be reduced to ~100 μL using a strategy in which the in situ electrosynthesis cell is amenable to freeze-quenching and transfer to a beamline cryostat. The working electrode in this case doubles as the X-ray absorption spectroscopy sample cell. The application of these techniques is illustrated by the reduction chemistry of Fe3S2(CO)9, 3Fe2S. Spectra recorded in the near-edge region confirm that quantitative preparation of samples of 3Fe2S, 3Fe2S1– and 3Fe2S2– can be prepared by either approach, but samples of a more reduced form, identified as [Fe3S(CO)9]2–, could only be generated using continuous-flow electrosynthesis techniques. Differences in the structural chemistry of the 3Fe2S0/1–/2– redox series were examined from the perspective of their near-edge spectra and the structures of 3Fe2S1– and 3Fe2S2– forms were deduced by a combination of computational (density functional theory), spectroscopic and X-ray absorption fine-structure analyses. These show that addition of the first electron is predominantly localized in one of the Fe–Fe bonds; cleavage of the Fe–Fe bond by addition of a second electron to the Fe–Fe antibonding orbital is associated with a more substantial rearrangement of the molecule. The reduced compounds have structural similarities to the reduced dithiolate-bridged di-iron hexacarbonyl compounds and this is related to the weak electrocatalytic proton reduction exhibited by Fe3S2(CO)9. The methods described provide a strategy for the collection and analysis of experimental data directed towards structure elucidation of redox-activated solution-state complexes.


scattered discussion of MLF and Soviet concern over German access to nuclear weapons. The author has a properly pessimistic view of the ability of the Nonproliferation Treaty to stop proliferation and indeed seems almost to question whether nonproliferation is an appropriate goal for the United States. The NPT, to the extent that it works, is seen as benefiting the USSR, for the potential proliferators are more likely to identify with the United States than with the Soviet Union. Although Ranger views Kissinger and Nixon as taking a more realistic position on the political aspects of SALT by recognizing its utility in furthering detente, he is critical of the agreements reached, viewing them to be primarily to the advantage of the Soviet Union. He is particularly critical of President Carter's nuclear policy on SALT and non-proliferation, suggesting that it represents a return to technical arms control. Since the study ends prior to the conclusion of the SALT II Treaty, the author is unable to evaluate that treaty but would clearly side with SALT opponents such as Paul Nitze and Senator Henry M. Jackson whom he labels as revisionist arms controllers.


There is big frequency drift for the general commercial oscillator. The principle and method of the software correcting for the linear drift of the user frequency in the telephone service system are introduced in this paper. Finally this method is verified and the results show that the deviation for one day is within ±7ms. The method is simple and feasible, and it can meet the requirements of general users.


Monte Carlo Analysis is often regarded as the most simple and accurate reliability method. Be-sides it is the most transparent method. The only problem is the accuracy in correlation with the efficiency. Monte Carlo gets less efficient or less accurate when very low probabilities are to be computed in combina-tion with limit state functions that use a lot of computational time. The efficiency of Monte Carlo simulations can be improved by means of importance sampling. This however requires pre-information on the state func-tion that may affect the accuracy. Several Monte Carlo simulation methods are compared with respect to effi-ciency and accuracy: Crude Monte Carlo, Importance Sampling, Increased Variance Sampling, and Direc-tional Sampling. Furthermore a comparison is made with a special kind of response surface method


We proposed a synapse thin film transistors with a top-gate structure composed of an In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) active channel and a Li-incorporated polypropylene carbonate (Li:PPC) gate insulator. The physical and electrical properties of the PPC were investigated for the use as an electrolytic gate insulator of the synapse TFTs. Synaptic behaviors including the paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) operations were successfully confirmed in the fabricated synapse TFTs, in which output drain currents were effectively modulated with various input pulse conditions owing to the electrostatic coupling between the carriers in IGZO channel and lithium ions in PPC.


Electro-optic (EO) polymers are promising materials to be used as THz emitters and sensors due to their high nonlinear coefficients and good phase-matching conditions. We demonstrate efficient THz generation from an 80 μm thick EO polymer emitter which is equivalent to that of a 1000 μm thick ZnTe standard. Also, this kind of EO polymer allows a generation up to 20 THz with ultra-short laser pulses. We have observed resonance-enhanced THz generation in another kind of EO polymer composite near its absorption maximum. Due to a sharp resonance of the EO coefficient near the absorption maximum of the material, the amplitude of THz field generated from a 3.1 μm thick film of this composite is 15% larger than that from a 1000 μm thick ZnTe standard. The estimated EO coefficient of this composite at 800 nm is over 1200 pm/V.


A method for measuring the wind direction (7) and a wind turbine comprising a rotor (4) and a means for measuring the wind direction (7) is described. The method comprises the steps of measuring the wind direction in the wake of a wind turbine rotor (4), and sorting the obtained wind direction signal using at least one sorting parameter.


The processes of globalisation and increased economic regionalism have had profound, often destabilising, effects on modern economic and financial systems. In recognition of this fact, the editors of this fine book have collected together a diverse range of heterodox ideas surrounding the complex relationships and interactions between globalisation, regionalism and economic activity. The book promotes real-world economic issues and explores them without adopting any particular methodological, ideological or theoretical agenda. A number of influential economists explore the inter-relationships between globalisation, regionalism, finance, economic growth and development from a global perspective.


We implement exact triangle counting in graphs on the GPU using three different methodologies: subgraph matching to a triangle pattern; programmable graph analytics, with a set-intersection approach; and a matrix formulation based on sparse matrix-matrix multiplies. All three deliver best-of-class performance over CPU implementations and over comparable GPU implementations, with the graph-analytic approach achieving the best performance due to its ability to exploit efficient filtering steps to remove unnecessary work and its high-performance set-intersection core.


Supernovae classes have been defined phenomenologically, based on spectral features and time series data, since the specific details of the physics of the different explosions remain unrevealed. However, the number of these classes is increasing as objects with new features are observed, and the next generation of large surveys will only bring more variety to our attention. We apply the machine learning technique of multi-label classification to the spectra of supernovae. By measuring the probabilities of specific features or "tags" in the supernova spectra, we can compress the information from a specific object down to that suitable for a human or database scan, without the need to directly assign to a reductive "class". We use logistic regression to assign tag probabilities, and then a feed-forward neural network to filter the objects into the standard set of classes, based solely on the tag probabilities. We present STag, a software package that can compute these tag probabilities and make spectral classifications.


Based on FANUC 0i simulation system,taking the typical components as examples,the paper discussed the manual programming method of small arc surface,and summarized the points for attention in programming.It has provided reference for the numerical control processing of small arc surface.


Objective To understand the drug resistance of clinical isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Quzhou,Zhejiang province,and provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.Methods The clinical strains isolated in 6 hospitals in Quzhou in 2010 were identified by differential medium culture method.The drug susceptibility of M.tuberculosis strains was detected with proportion method.Results Among 371 clinical isolated M.tuberculosis strains,292(78.71%) were sensitive to four first line anti TB drugs(isoniazid,rifampicin,streptomycin and ethambutol),and 337(90.84%) were sensitive to two second line anti TB drugs(ofloxacin,and kanamycin).Among 89 drug resistant strains,51(13.75%) were single drug resistant,14(3.77%) were poly-resistant,21(5.66%) were multidrug resistant and 3(0.81%) were extensive drug resistant.The resistant rate to isoniazid,rifampicin,streptomycin,ethambutol,ofloxacin and kanamycin was 15.36%,7.01%,11.86%,3.23%,7.82% and 2.42% respectively.Among 326 patients receiving initial treatment,the resistant rate to isoniazid,rifampicin,streptomycin,ethambutol,ofloxacin and kanamycina was 10.12%,2.45%,8.90%,1.23%,3.68% and 1.53% respectively,The non drug resistant and MDR rates were 80.98% and 1.84%.Among 45 patients receiving re-treatment,the resistant rate to isoniazid,rifampicin,streptomycin,ethambutol,ofloxacin and kanamycin was 53.33%,40.00%,33.33%,17.78%,37.78% and 8.89% respectively,and the non drug resistant and MDR rates were 40.00% and 33.33%.Conclusion The drug resistance of the clinical isolated M.tuberculosis strains in Quzhou was very serious,and the drug resistant rate was higher in the patients receiving retreatment than in the patients receiving initial treatment,to which close attention should be paid.It is necessary to enhance the implementation of DOTS strategy.


This paper provides an overview of the visiting friends and relatives category in international tourism researchover the last decade. It was delivered as a keynote paper at the international conference, "VFR Tourism: Issues and implications" held at the Victoria University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia, in October 1996.


This article explores the international law implications for Malawi of the visit to the country by the Sudanese President Hassan Omar Al Bashir to attend a summit of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa held in Malawi in October 2011. At the time Al Bashir was a subject of two warrants of arrest issued by the International Criminal Court. The central question considered is whether Malawi had the obligation to arrest and surrender Al Bashir to the International Criminal Court. Answering this question will entail a critical analysis of the nature of the obligations that Malawi undertook by signing and ratifying the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and of the official justification that Malawi provided for failing to execute the warrants of arrest.


A special class of bound morphemes, called "floating" morphemes, is examined in the Apurina (Arawak/Maipure) language of Brazil. These "floating" morphemes share both properties of affixes and of independent words in a manner reminiscent of cliticization phenomena. After comparing the ways that "floating" morphemes are similar and different from typical affixes and from typical independent words, the author investigates these special morphemes in the context of cliticization, arriving at two main conclusions: (i) although "floating" morphemes share a number of properties with clitic elements, they also pose a problem to the current typology of clitics, and (ii) they do not show the sort of uniform behavior expected from a class of special clitics, pointing to the need for a better understanding of the ways in which phonological forms can interact with the principles of organization of both word and sentence structures.


PURPOSE: To provide a tube having high permeability, small pore diameter and an inner surface with low rugosity. CONSTITUTION: This method for manufacturing a porous tube made from a carbon-carbon composite material includes the winding of a non-woven sheet 2 made from a carbon fiber precursor, a coating with that sheet on a stem 1, the compression and high temperature stabilization of the assembly, the impregnation of the compressed sheet by a resin and the thermal carbonisation treatment of the resin. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


The entire monologue is a transcription of the inner train of thought narrated by a woman's voice in medias res while watching and listening to three minutes of the film Koyaanisqatsi. We don't see the actress; we only hear her. The only thing we see is a three-minute
 excerpt from the film, which the actress can play on her phone or computer, recording the screen and the sound with her phone (live) at the same time (instead of recording herself, the actress records the screen with sound). The interpretation should be very brisk, hurried, internalised, contemplative
 yet neurotic, almost hysterical and, above all, colloquial – i.e. spoken in the lowest possible register.


Theis' theory (1935), later improved by Hantush & Jacob (1955) and Moench (1971), is a technique designed to study the water level in aquifers. The key formula in this theory is a certain integral transform H[g](r,t) of the pumping function g that depends on the time t and the relative position r to the pumping point as well as on other physical parameters. Several analytic approximations of H[g](r,t) have been investigated in the literature that are valid and accurate in certain regions of r, t and the mentioned physical parameters. In this paper, the analysis of possible analytic approximations of H[g](r,t) is completed by investigating asymptotic expansions of H[g](r,t) in a region of the parameters that is of interest in practical situations, but that has not yet been investigated. Explicit and/or recursive algorithms for the computation of the coefficients of the expansions and estimates for the remainders are provided. Some numerical examples based on an actual physical experiment conducted by Layne-Western Company in 1953 illustrate the accuracy of the approximations.


JOURNALISM TRAINING IS A KEY PART OF THE PROGRAMMES OF RESEARCH, PUBLICATION AND ADVOCACY THAT INDEX ON CENSORSHIP IS CURRENTLY RUNNING IN IRAQ


Abstract This empirical study analyzes the cultural basis of the United States market response to imported Spanish products that seem to violate strongly-held cultural taboos. Survey responses were obtained from students in two contrasting majors, Art and Business, in two distinct cities and universities, i.e. Little Rock at the University of Arkansas, and Dominguez Hills at California State University. The study focused on a baby doll marketed to piggy-back on the new movement towards breastfeeding babies. Although accepted in its original European market, the United States media reports strong moral objections to this product among U. S. citizens. The toy was overwhelmingly rejected in some, but not all, population sub-groups. This study attempts to discern the cultural basis for product rejection by comparing responses between regions, college majors, genders and gender/major combinations. Differences in acceptance between groups are correlated with specific cultural constructs.


Path selection procedures select the path delay faults that are the most important to detect as targets for test generation. When the criteria for path selection can be evaluated locally at the gate level, it is possible to consider the detectability of path delay faults during the path selection process. This flexibility does not exist if path selection is performed based on more complex conditions, or by a tool that cannot be modified to take into consideration the detectability conditions for path delay faults. For this scenario, this brief describes a procedure that accepts a set <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of path delay faults, and replaces every undetectable path delay fault <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p \in P$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with a detectable path delay fault <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r$ </tex-math></inline-formula> that is as similar to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula> as possible. This brief defines similarity as the length of the longest contiguous subpath that is common to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Experimental results demonstrate the extent to which similarity can be maintained when path delay faults that are associated with the longest paths are considered for benchmark circuits.


Abstract : In this paper the scalability of a computationally intensive, multi-scale theory exhibiting progressive damage in a 3-D woven composite is investigated. The theory is based on evolving some fundamental damage modes in a representative volume element (RVE) of the micro-structure of a 3-D woven composite. The evolving damage modes affect the local stresses in the composite's actual microstructure and eventually the overall stresses in the composite. This situation is considered in the RVE via a transformation field analysis (TFA). Since the model is computationally intensive, it benefited by having its computations made parallel. This was accomplished by coupling the model to LS-DYNA3D, an explicit Lagrangian finite element code. The coupled RVE-TFALSDYNA3D code enabled the study of weave-level damage progression in the 3-D woven composites under general impact conditions and could be a useful design tool. In the present work, the scalability of the coupling between the RVE-TFA and LS-DYNA3D codes is examined and results are presented.


Data mining methods face various problems when extracting the data analysis process. These problems are solved based on the frequent pattern mining (FPM). In the data mining area, the frequent pattern (FP) extraction is a dominant embassy while processing the databases. Despite the fact that it has proven its importance in various mining provinces, the consistent research work of researchers has provided numerous efforts in this environment through substantial innovations. Based on the expected challenges of pattern mining, the time and memory consumption while mining the hidden FP increases over time by the conventional FPM approaches. This article proposes a Parallel Direct‐Vertical Map Reduce Programming model to effectively extract the FPM in a dispersed environment and analyzed using the Sales transaction dataset as UCI Machine Learning Repository. The proposed model has two phases of working, namely, (i) mapping and (ii) reduction. Here, the proposed Parallel Direct‐Vertical method is utilized while mapping. The parallelism of the proposed model is implemented and executed based on the number of clusters of databases in architecture‐based software and its final outcome shows that the proposed model is more efficient than the existing methods.


Micro-spherical type of MnCO3 was synthesized in CTAB-C8H18-C4H9OH-H2O microemulsion system. The MnCO3 was then decomposed to Mn2O3 and mixed with Li2CO3 and sintered at 800 ℃ for several hours to obtain the pure spinel LiMn2O4. The LiMn2O4 had initial discharge specific capacity of 124 mAh·g-1 at 0.5C discharge current between 3 V and 4.2 V, and kept 118 mAh·g-1 after 110 cycles, the loss ratio was lower than 0.05%. This material showed wonderful rate performance with cycle specific capacity of 110 mAh·g-1 at 10C current and the power was 45 times of that at 0.2C.


Existing load balancing solutions rely on direct or indirect measurement of rates (or congestion) averaged over short periods of time. Sudden fluctuations in flow rates can lead to significant undershooting/ overshooting of target link loads. In this paper, we make the case for taking variations and correlations of flows into account in load balancing. We propose correlation-aware flow consolidation, i.e. aggregating inversely correlated (or uncorrelated) flows into superflows and using them as building blocks for load balancing. Superflows are smoother than individual flows, and thus are easier to estimate with a higher confidence, and can reduce overshooting/ undershooting of link capacities. We present heuristic methods combined with predictive models to consolidate flows and show they can lead to significant reductions in rate standard deviations compared to correlation-agnostic solutions (up to 33% and 12% improvements at the 50th and 99th percentiles respectively for 20 superflows based on real traffic traces).


A NEW training partnership in the city will assist high school students in taking up a career in hospitality. The Buffs Club has partnered with Club Training Australia offering school based hospitality traineeships to students in the city. The free hospitality traineeships will offer paid work for students, a certificate III in hospitality which is nationally recognised, at least eight points towards their Queensland Certificate of Education (QCE), and plenty of club industry experience. Buffs Club human resources manager Terri Grosser said she hoped to get some interest and raise awareness of the new traineeships with both parents and students in Mount Isa. "We are so excited to be able to offer these traineeships to students looking to make a career within hospitality," she said. "It is also a benefit to the Buffs Club as the students who take part in the traineeships could become supervisors or managers for us later down the track." Training provider, Natalie Hardy, said she had success with the traineeship herself. "I took part in my own school based traineeship seven years ago with Club Training Australia and now work for them," she said. "I now manage over 200 school based trainees Queensland wide and use much of my own experiences when I deliver what students can achieve from the traineeship." Good Shepherd Catholic College careers coordinator Paul Wright said the introduction of the new school-based hospitality traineeship at the Buffs Club was a step in the right direction for students wanting to gain more experience. "Anything to do with giving the students an opportunity is a great thing, especially within local businesses," Mr Wright said. "The fact that it could lead to future employment within the businesses is even better and brings forward a bit of a win-win traineeship, certificate and career for the student." Students will learn skills in the cafe, bar service, restaurant, customer service, coffee making, and many other areas.


Objective:The present study aims to evaluate the incidence, and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy( disease duration and the presence of hypertension). Methods: This is a field study, retrospective with quantitative approach. The study population was patients diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy in the period of july 2015 to december 2015. The collection of the data was made through analysis of medical records, it was analyzed the following data : time of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, presence or absence of systemic hypertension Results: The overall incidence of diabetic retinopathy was 24 new cases in thesis months of analysis. Of wich a total of 66%( 16 patients) had systemic arterial hypertension and 46% had inefficient glycemic control. It was observed that 66% of the patients had indication for photocoagulation laser or intravitreal injection of anti-angiogenic and among those, 35% had diabetes for over 20 years. Conclusion: There was a strong relation between severe diabetic retinopathy, the duration of disease, systemic hypertension and bad glycemic control, with a poor outcome for disease. It also concludes that there is a significant need for assessment of diabetic patients for the presence of DR.


This paper describes the usage of an architecture centric quality engineering approach to improve the availability of an existing system during maintenance. In most projects existing software is extended or modified to fit new or modified requirements. A crucial subset of the requirements are non-functional requirements, also known as quality attributes. Here the quality attribute availability is in the main focus. The goal of the described approach is architectural re-design to improve the availability of the system. In order to make a profound decision on architectural changes the availability as well as the architecture of the existing system was analyzed in detail. For the availability analysis runtime data of the system was collected and analyzed using a data warehouse system. The use of the re-design process for increased availability was very effective in increasing the availability of the system. The efficiency of the process still needs to be improved.


A massive amount of water is used from ground water sources called aquifers in the process of obtaining natural gas, fracking. This depletes local water supply for residents and can also contaminate groundwater with chemicals used in the fracking process. As our service project we are proposing an addition to the recent Pennsylvania tax proposal that would include a tax on water usage by natural gas companies. This would make them more conscious of their usage and possibly lower it or promote the recycling of their waste water. The income generated from this tax would go to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection for oversight of this program and toward other environmentally friendly programs.


the Kovdor massif of alkaline, ultrabasic and carbonatite rocks is one of the brightest representatives in the family of similar complexes in Karelian-Kola region. This research presents the results of study material composition of ores that are located in the apatite-carbonate deposit at the SouthEastern part of the Kovdor massif. These ores are divided into basic technological classes according to the content of P2O5 in vol. %: poor (< 1,5), common (1,5–3) and rich (> 3). Mineralogical and petrographic studies were carried out using the optical, x-ray and electron microscopic methods. We have estimated relative abundances which allowed allocating main, minor and accessory minerals. The chemical composition of minerals has been determined. The crystalline forms of minerals, size of its and their textural and structural features have been described in this study. Accordingly, we have educed that above-named mineral characteristics are representative for deposit of this type.


This paper presents results of narrowband and wideband measurements of the indoor wireless channel at 21.6 GHz and 37.2 GHz. Narrowband measurements with antenna diversity were carried out using a modified Spectrum Analyzer operating as a two channel receiver. With this arrangement, two different environments were considered and in each between 10 and 20 measurements were taken. Average cumulative distribution functions are computed and distance-power law exponents are estimated. Wideband characterization involved a Vector Network Analyzer which collects frequency-domain measurements of the channel transfer function H(f) at 21.5 GHz. The duration of each of these measurements was 100 msec during which there was no motion or movement of people in the environment. This ensures that the channel remains static. The impulse response of the channel is then calculated using Inverse Fourier Transformation. From the above measurements, average and worst case statistics can be derived and used to evaluate radio coverage for various systems configurations. Such configurations include line-of-sight and obstructed measurements within environments such as rooms and hallways. Values for the delay spread are also calculated which will permit evaluation of maximum transmitted symbol rates for intersymbol interference-free indoor radio communication.


Purpose The purpose of this study is (1) to compare the photothermal effect induced by near infrared laser light among the different shapes of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) loaded micelles and (2) to determine the factors contributing to thermal production of IONPs. Methods IONPs with different shapes were synthesized by using previously published method (Ho, Chem mater, 2011) with modification. Briefly, spherical IONPs were synthesized by thermal decomposition method and hot injection to control over the shapes. The successful synthesis of different shape IONPs was confirmed by using TEM. The crystal lattice of the IONPs was determined by using high resolution TEM and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD). Cubic, semi-cubic, irregular, and spherical IONPs were subsequently encapsulated within polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxide (PS-b-PEO) amphiphilic polymer. The temperature was measured by using a thermal camera after 10 minutes of 885nm NIR laser irradiation with power of 2.5W/cm 2. Results Different shapes of IONPs are successfully synthesized. Cubic, semi-cubic, and irregular IONPs have the average edge length of 10nm measured by TEM and two sizes for the spherical IONPs, 12nm and 15nm, were also produced. After 10 minutes of NIR laser irradiation, cubic IONPs can generate higher temperatures than semi-cubic and irregular IONPs, respectively. However, there is no significant difference in the temperature between cubic and 12 nm spherical IONPs. We pick 12nm spherical IONPs because they have the same volume with 10nm cubic ones. The cubic IONPs can reach 72°C after 10 minutes of NIR treatment. The comparative study between commercial IONPs (FeRex) and our IONPs was also conducted to compare the photothermal efficacy. The data suggest that our IONPs have a better photothermal effect. We further investigated the crystal lattice of IONPs and found that our spherical IONPs produced by the thermal decomposition have preferred lattice orientation and better align in order compared to FeRex. Conclusion The cubic IONPs could potentially be used in photothermal therapy in the future as they can generate high temperature and then kill cancer cells. We also conclude that the crystal lattice alignment and the preferred plan orientation of IONPs are the major factors contributing to the photothermal effect.


In his study, we reported adiponitrile (ADN) as a novel electrolyte additive for the LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 cathode electrode in voltage ranges of 3.0-4.4 V, 3.0-4.6 V and 3.0-4.8 V. The electrochemical properties of the electrodes were investigated by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), a charge/discharge test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results of this study showed that adding ADN to the electrolyte could effectively enhance the reversible capacity and cycling performance of the cathode electrode. The initial discharge capacities were 167.8 mAh g -1 and 214.8 mAh g -1 in electrolytes without and with 3% ADN, respectively. And the capacity retention rates were 68.4% and 70.4% at a voltage range of 3.0-4.6 V after 100 cycles in electrolytes without and with 3% ADN, respectively. The electrochemical performance was improved because of the compact and smooth solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film, which lowered the impedance between the cathode and the electrolyte by suppressing the decomposition of LiPF 6 and improving the stability of EC. In addition, adding 3%ADN to the electrolyte was favourable for obtaining a lower R ct , which could promote the charge-transfer process by suppressing the interfacial reaction between the electrode and electrolyte.


Azadirachtin,an insecticidal active ingredient present in neem tree i.e.Azadirachta indica A. Juss.seeds they varies considerably due to environmental factors also for genetic reasons. Furthermore, the tree does not grow in moderate climates and their germination ratio is very less. It seems appropriate, therefore, to employ tissue culture techniques for the production of Azadirachtin in order to obtain constant amounts of standardized quality. Here we try to create callus, an unspecialized, unorganized, growing and dividing mass of cells through which mass cultivation further initiate. The best media generally we use is MS Media along with different concentrations of hormones i.e. Auxins(BAP) and Cytokinin (Kinetin), employing Azadirachta indica stem.


Brazil is the third largest producer of guava. It is estimated that the amount of guava processed about 10 tons of waste are generated annually in most of the time, are discarded in the open or in landfills. Currently, there are several studies for the use of agro-industrial residues, since they have high nutritional value. The peanut butter is a product made with pulp or extract, sugar, pectin and acid, in quantities sufficient for the formation of the gel. This work was carried out to optimize jams coming from the whole residue of processing sweet guava. The first stage consisted of the whole residue of the processing of sweet guava and your statement in which they assessed the availability of nutrients in the waste as much in the extract. In the evaluation stage of the formulations, we analyzed the effect of the ratio of extract / sugar and pectin concentration on the physical, physicochemical and sensory jelly residue guava. The results indicated that to use the extract of guava waste must adjust the pH and add enough pectin in order to obtain a suitable consistency. During the evaluation of formulations, the results indicated that the ratio of extract / sugar had a greater influence on the responses studied, except for adhesiveness, which was only affected by the concentration of pectin and that the greater acceptability of the jellies was right to extract/sugar 40/60 to 60/40 and the concentration of pectin from 0.5% to 1.5%.


ZnSe epitaxial layers were successfully grown on (111) Si substrates by low‐pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. It is not necessary that the reactant inlet tubes project to near the substrates. From x‐ray and scanning electron microscopy examinations, single‐crystalline ZnSe epilayers with mirrorlike surfaces can be obtained. The carrier concentration profile shows that the carrier distribution in the epilayer is very uniform. The electron mobility of the epilayer at room temperature is 280 cm2 /V s. The efficient 77‐K photoluminescence indicates that the ZnSe epilayers are of good quality.


This paper describes a method for the determination of orientation parameters of the un-calibrated images involved in the image-based reconstruction of architectural scenes. This approach is implemented in a collection of the geometrically intuitive vanishing point method and conditional least squares adjustment with unknown parameters algorithm. We exploit the abundant parallel and orthogonal object lines to find out the vanishing point forthe main direction and sequentially lead to the initial orientation parameters values. Then, more precise and stable values are found by an optimizing algorithm, based on conditional least squares adjustment with unknown parameters. During the iterative process in this algorithm, orientation parameters of the image are recalculated. Last, these orientation parameters are used to reconstruct textures landscape of the buildings by combining the vector and texture data in image.


Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques are a source of morbidity and mortality and are hypothesized to be correlated with abnormal development of microvasculature in arterial walls. Thus, there is an interest in assessing microvascularity for the plaque diagnosis. However, conventional catheter-delivered, high-frequency (>20 MHz) intravascular ultrasound imaging is unable to resolve vasa vasorum microvessels. We present here the development of a custom dual-frequency transducer-tipped catheter for contrast-enhanced superharmonic imaging of plaque-associated microvasculature. We exploit our previous design of the miniaturized dual-element, stacked-type needle transducer. A 4/22 MHz dual-frequency transducer with a lateral dimension of 800 μm is assembled with a 70 cm-long drive shaft inside a 4 Fr-catheter. We designed a 4 MHz-transmitter element to generate moderate amplitude (>1 MPa peak-negative-pressure) pulses for bubble excitation. A confocally aligned 22 MHz-receiver element is designed to detect contrast generated superharmonics (>10 MHz) with substantial tissue rejection. We tested the catheter in a tissue-mimicking phantom simulating an arterial lumen with surrounding microvasculature. The in vitro imaging data were acquired through a rotational pull-back (2 mm) imaging procedure with microbubble infusion. The resulting superharmonic images display a clearly defined microvessel with an approximated contrast-to-tissue ratio of 12 dB and an axial resolution of 300 μm.Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques are a source of morbidity and mortality and are hypothesized to be correlated with abnormal development of microvasculature in arterial walls. Thus, there is an interest in assessing microvascularity for the plaque diagnosis. However, conventional catheter-delivered, high-frequency (>20 MHz) intravascular ultrasound imaging is unable to resolve vasa vasorum microvessels. We present here the development of a custom dual-frequency transducer-tipped catheter for contrast-enhanced superharmonic imaging of plaque-associated microvasculature. We exploit our previous design of the miniaturized dual-element, stacked-type needle transducer. A 4/22 MHz dual-frequency transducer with a lateral dimension of 800 μm is assembled with a 70 cm-long drive shaft inside a 4 Fr-catheter. We designed a 4 MHz-transmitter element to generate moderate amplitude (>1 MPa peak-negative-pressure) pulses for bubble excitation. A confocally aligned 22 MHz-receiver element is designed to detect contra...


The European Network on Drugs and Infection Prevention in Prison (ENDIPP) is one of the new projects funded through the European Commission's Public Health Programme


account gains in force if it represents Plato assenting seventy years later to Socrates's intellectual pilgrimage. The adoption of the method Of "hypothesis" is more Socratic: the actual hypothesis of ontologically existent Forms may well be more Platonic, though it was implicit in his <5g£eo0a« K(£6Xov in Plato's opinion, whatever modern logicians may say. Hackforth truly says that no one English word translates X6ya; both at iooai and 10084. Myot are propositions or ratiocinations truly or falsely "reflecting" objective truth: to speak of them as ebcdvec implies (the very doctrine of Forms which is accepted by all those present as a sound "hypothesis". The working-out of the hypothesis in relation to soul and aliveness is followed out by Hackforth with brilliant reasoned explanation, though he himself concedes that the "proof" simply proves that "the term 'soul' implies as part of its meaning the term 'alive' ". Logically one can hardly escape Hackforth's reasoning that within this argument and down to 10509 "soul" which excludes "deadness" and "brings up" "aliveness" is (like "the greatness in us" earlier on) the counterpart of a Form. Likewise the snow which excludes hotness might be taken to imply a Form of Snow. Yet one wonders whether Plato even here really believed in a Form of Soul, t/tvx^ is normally assumed to be an underived substance. If Simmias automatically excluded "shortness" and always "brought up" tallness, this would be parallel to the coldness of snow and the aliveness of soul.


Low-grade gastric MALT-lymphoma is a neoplasia with a very indolent course and an excellent prognosis. Even if the most common endoscopic findings have described non-specific aspects, often suggestive for benign conditions, the endoscopy reveals a wide range of gastric mucosal changes both at diagnosis and at relapse. We report 2 cases of low-grade gastric MALT-lymphoma in which the diagnosis was made casually because the endoscopic presentation consisted only in mucosal hyperaemia in 1 case and in normal-appearing mucosa of the stomach in the second case. The patients were successfully treated with anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy. At 18 and 12 months of follow-up, respectively, the patients were disease-free. The bland appearance of this disease in some patients may reflect the early diagnosis of the tumor. Even if endoscopy and echoendoscopy often constitute useful and reliable diagnostic procedures, in the early phases of the tumor the histologic evaluation of endoscopic biopsies including immunohistochemistry represent the diagnostic procedure more reliably to detect this neoplasm.


An experimental and numerical time-domain analysis of the early electric response of two kw-class Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFBs) under different state of charge, electrolyte flow and load is presented. The numerical analysis resorted to an equivalent circuit whose parameters were identified from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Two discharge modes were investigated: natural discharge on resistors, to detect the spontaneous battery evolution, and discharge driven by an electronic load, forcing a galvanostatic evolution. Two different timescales were investigated in each discharge modes, namely 20 ms and 120 s. The millisecond mode revealed stack current and voltage swings in the is very short timescale (7 ms). This behavior suggests an initial turbulent electrochemical phase involving successive activations of vanadium species associated with coordination complexes at the positive electrode. In the latter mode, experimental and numerical results revealed that both stacks reached steady conditions much faster, in few hundreds of milliseconds. These results demonstrate that vanadium redox flow batteries are eligible for fast services in 50–60 Hz grids, provided the discharge current is driven in a current-source mode by proper interface power electronics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the fast time-domain response of large VRFBs is reported.


This paper considers the correlation between the volume of information and individual properties of a recipient of the informational data. The value and relevance of the information as a unique economic resource, and the economic agents' need for it is discussed. The author studies the features of the information resource consumption in the conditions of quantized economic space.


Since the first use of ultrasound in diagnosis of abdominal injuries in 1970 s,great advances have been made in the application of sonography in the field of trauma emergency treatment. Based on this,the concept of Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma( FAST) has been put forward. This paper mainly reviewed articles about the application of FAST in the evaluation of chest and abdominal injuries and aimed to promote the development of FAST in our country.


Dr. Raj's book has grown out of the doctoral thesis he submitted to Harvard University. It attempts to examine the limitations and weaknesses in the present systems and procedures of making capital budgeting decisions for the public sector enterprises in India. A major problem faced in the area of public enterprises management is a lack of clear definition of objectives, tasks, roles, and performance criteria. Imposition of objectives of private enterprises on public enterprises leads to confusion about roles and goals, and a sense of frustration and helplessness among executives of these enterprises. Often, new public enterprises operate without a bearing and purpose. The study pleads for statement of objectives and suggests a specific approach for capital budgeting decisions. Dr. Raj critically examines manuals and guides which are used while taking investment decisions. Chapter 10 summarizes the author's findings and provides many thought-provoking approaches to the investment decision-making process. Dr. Raj's observations on the role of the Bureau of Public Enterprises is worth quoting. ., ... [The] Bureau of Public Enterprises does not enjoy the confidence of the public .enterprises to serve as a coordinating and integrating agency and as an agency equipped to provide advice and counsel to the public enterprises to improve managerial efficiency and profitability" (p.84). He has suggested that investments undertaken


The diploma thesis deals with the analysis of regional policy and its instruments in Ireland. The theoretical part focuses on the socio-economic situation and regional structure of the country. The practical part deals with the development of regional policy until and after the accession into the European Union. It also deals with the use of important instruments and at the end of this work I compare Czech and Irish regional policy with the suggestion of possible utilization of the Irish experience in the Czech Republic.


With the MIPS camera on Spitzer, we have searched for far-infrared emission from dust in the planetary system orbiting pulsar PSR B1257+12. With accuracies of 0.05 mJy at 24 μm and 1.5 mJy at 70 μm, photometric measurements find no evidence for emission at these wavelengths. These observations place new upper limits on the luminosity of dust with temperatures between 20 and 1000 K. They are particularly sensitive to dust temperatures of 100-200 K, for which they limit the dust luminosity to below 3 × 10-5 of the pulsar's spin-down luminosity, 3 orders of magnitude better than previous limits. Despite these improved constraints on dust emission, an asteroid belt similar to the solar system's cannot be ruled out.


Different sports types,items and frequency impose different influences on the body ego of the girl university students.The calisthenics,ball game,aerobic exercise and counteracting exercise lasting for at least 3 months with 3 to 6 hours each time and frequency of 3 to 4 times a week can greatly help to enhance the body ego of the girl university students.


I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Dwight David Tolliver entitled "The Counselor Color Consciousness Scale: Evidence for Relevance, Reliability, and Validity." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Psychology.


Customer Relationship Management is a process that is customer-centered and maintains the interaction between the enterprises and the customers.Applying the cluster analysis algorithm to the Customer Relationship Management can help the enterprises to be more purposeful and keep a better relation with customers.The cluster analysis algorithm can be used for the decision support system of the Customer Relationship Manage-ment.


Sexual reproduction is a universal phenomenon in the world of eukaryotes,and sex differentiation and determination are major events in the evolutionary history of angiosperms.The production of unisexual flowers has evolved numerous times from hermaphroditic ancestors,resulting in dioecious(5%)and monoecious(7%)plant taxa.Through developmental process,two broad categories of unisexual flowers have been recognized;the former results from flowers that are bisexual at initiation and become unisexual by termination of the development of the androecium(or the male reproductive organs)or gynoecium(or the female reproductive organs)and the latter results from sex differentiation occurring before initiation of stamens and carpels.Attempts have been made to understand regulatory mechanisms for plant sex determination by investigating unisexual flowers.The determinants of sexual phenotype in plants are diverse and complicated,including sex-determining genes in monoecious plants,Zea mays(corn)and Cucumis sp.(cucumber and its relatives);sex chromosomes in Silene latifoliaand Carica papaya,which ensure the stable segregation of sexual phenotypes by preventing the recombination of sex determining genes;epigenetic regulatory mechanism,which alter gene expression,and hormonal regulation in Z.mays and Cucumis sativus.Sex determination is generally regulated by interactions between hormones,genetics and epigenetic modification.However,many important questions remain to be answered on the regulatory mechanisms of sex determination and sex differentiation,for example why few sex determination genes have been cloned,why the proportion of species with sex chromosomes is low,the relatively small portion of the dioecious species that have sex chromosomes,and the major epigenetic maintainers in genotypic sex determination(GSD).The recent research aimed at understanding the regulatory mechanisms of sex determination and sex differentiation in unisexual flowers,including phenotype traits,genetic base,epigenetics and physiological mechanisms were reviewed in this paper.Challenges and strategies are proposed to provide an effective contribution to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of sex determination and sex differentiation in plants.


We define series of algebraic sets over a commutative idempotent semigroup with Zarissky dimension ω + k, where ω is the first countable ordinal.


From the Publisher:
This text provides an accessible, detailed introduction to recent advances in computer-aided map-making technology in which maps marrate, cartographic symbols move, and displays reveal relevant information when viewer clicks on them.


Purpose: Th ere is no available data on oesophageal Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring in African black rural population. Th e purpose of this study is to defi ne the normal pattern of gastro-eosophageal refl ux of rural black African and compare them with similar studies done in other population. Methods: Healthy volunteers were recruited and underwent 24-h ambulatory MII-pH studies. Gastro-oesophageal refl ux episodes were detected and characterized by pH as acid, weakly acid or non acid refl ux and by composition as liquid and mixed refl ux. Results: From a cohort of 85 participants, a total of 64 were included in the fi nal analysis (16 males, 48 Females). Mean age was 36 years (range 18-60). Th e median body max index was 27 (range 19-40). Th e median and the 95th percentile of the total refl ux episodes was 37 and 82 respectively of which the corresponding number of acidic, weakly acidic and non acid refl ux were 14 and 59, 12 and 46 and 2 and 20 respectively (Table 1). Th e corresponding percentage was 50 % acid, 40 % weakly acid and 10 % non acid refl ux. Th e composition of the total refl ux represented as median and 95th percentile was 7 and 24 for liquid and 28 and 73 for mixed refl ux respectively (Table 2). Th e corresponding percentage was 20 % liquid and 80 % mixed refl ux. A total of 16 % of refl ux reached 17 cm above the lower oesophageal sphincter. Th e median bolus clearance was 16 s whereas acid was chemically cleared in 54 s. Conclusion: Th is study demonstrates that it feasible to carry out an MII-pH monitoring in rural Africa and provides normal values. Th e result obtained was similar to that of Western and Asian population.


Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a kind of non-specific cytoprotective protein, and its generation can be induced by acupuncture and moxibustion. In the present paper, the authors review the protective actions of HSP70 on the heart, gastric mucosa, liver, brain tissues, kidney, etc., and the relationship among acupuncture/moxibustion, heat shock protein and the cytoprotective actions. It is worth studying the cytoprotective effect of acupuncture and moxibustion by way of the resultant generation of HSP70 in the organism.


Aiming at the basic problem of attitude estimation of a small quad-rotor,a detailed analysis of the attitude estimation process is done and the difficult issues during this process are proposed.A solver used to realize attitude estimation is designed based on complementary filter algorithm,using the low-cost inertial measurement unit.Experimental results show that the solver designed based on complementary filter algorithm can significantly reduce the requirements of precision and speed for the processor,effectively fuse sensor data and realize high precision attitude estimation.


The article discusses dynamic design methods for airport rigid pavements using aircraft take-off and landing loads. A single degree of freedom method of pavement design is considered, in which the aircraft load provides the mass and the soil below the pavement provides the spring force. From an acceleration response spectrum obtained in a full-scale test, it is concluded that the method can be used for the dynamic design of airport pavements. /TRRL/


One objective of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is to achieve financial services liberalization in member countries. We assess the implications of such liberalization in the banking sectors of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. After providing an overview of the GCC banking sector, we discuss the GATS provisions relevant to financial services and present liberalization commitments and exemptions of these countries under the agreement. Using the observation that spikes in oil prices are accompanied with expansion in credit availability, we develop a simple model to formally explore the consequences of opening up the banking sector. Our analysis considers the possible policy impact on the domestic banking industry as well as a non-tradable sector that is driven by local entrepreneurship. Our investigation suggests that while high oil prices facilitate credit availability, they also enable governments to more easily and better subsidize employment in the public sector. This more attractive outside option then serves as a deterrent to risk-taking entrepreneurs and this could stunt the growth of the non-tradable sector. A liberalized banking sector could mitigate this outcome as well as other institutional inefficiencies in lending, but also brings with it the vulnerability to global financial crises. A resulting credit crunch could then lead to retrenchment in the non-tradable sector. The situation could get aggravated if the global financial crisis leads to a collapse in the demand for oil and negatively affects oil prices.


This structuring of the quality system is based on international standards ISO 9001 aimed at ensuring the quality of service provided Codepret was generated documents comprising the same, such as the Quality Manual, Manual Process and the different stages forward for the implementation and development of the system.


1,2,3-Triazoles are prepared by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of alkynes with azides generated in situ from organic halides, diazonium salts, anilines or epoxides.


Resonant tunneling diode (RTD) integration with photo detector (PD) from epi-layer design shows great potential for combining terahertz (THz) RTD electronic source with high speed optical modulation. With an optimized layer structure, the RTD-PD presented in the paper shows high stationary responsivity of 5 A/W at 1310 nm wavelength. High power microwave/mm-wave RTD-PD optoelectronic oscillators are proposed. The circuitry employs two RTD-PD devices in parallel. The oscillation frequencies range from 20-44 GHz with maximum attainable power about 1 mW at 34/37/44GHz.


Karyotypes and meiotic chromosome pairing were studied in natural autotriploid and autotetraploid Tradescantia pallida. At both ploidy levels chromosomes appeared as metacentrics, being larger at the triploid than at the tetraploidy level (9.6-15.3 μm and 7.5-10.0 μm, respectively).T. pallida exhibits polymorphism with respect to number and position of secondary constrictions. The tetraploid had three large satellites and a small-spheric one. While the triploid had two large satellites and one small-spheric. Both the triploid and tetraploid showed reduced multivalent pairing for triploid, only one trivalent was seen in 32.8% PMC's while 67.2% PMC's had 6 bivalents plus 6 univalents. In the tetraploid, bivalent pairing was very predominant, 87.72% PMC's had 12 bivalents. The presence of a bivalent-forming system in these polyploids, most probably a genetic one, is suggested.


To study the protective effects of memory enhancing peptide on learning and memory function of ovariectomized rats and its effects on the expression of NT 3 (neurotrophin3) and NF (neurofibrillin) in hippocampal neurons by immunohistochemistry. Adult rats were randomly divided into three groups, nomal, ovariectomized and ovariectomized ones treated with memory enhancing peptide. Water maze testing of behavior was conducted and then cryostat sections were stained for NT 3 and NF by immunohistochemistry. Full course swimming time and counts of errors recorded for ovariectomized rats treated with memory enhancing peptide were shorter and lower respectively than ovariectomized rats untreated with memory enhancing peptide( P 0.05). Ovariectomized rats treated with memory enhancing peptide were similar as normal control for expression of NT 3 (neurotrophin 3) and NF (neurofibrillin) in hippocampal neurons by immunohistochemistry. They were more and lower than ovariectomized rats untreated with memory enhancing peptide in number of positively stained cells and mean gray scale (reflceting intensity of staining), P 0.05. Indicating that memory enhancing peptide is neuroprotective.


Advanced purulent corneal ulcer, as well as abscess, is a serious vision-threatening condition notable for its fulminant course and possible loss of the eye due to endophthalmitis. Its leading causes, pathogenesis, and classifications are described and analyzed in this paper.


We investigate the problem of a principal looking to contract an expert to provide a probability forecast for a categorical event. We assume all experts have a common public prior on the event's probability, but can form more accurate opinions by engaging in research. Various experts' research costs are unknown to the principal. We present a truthful and efficient mechanism for the principal's problem of contracting an expert. This results in the principal contracting the best expert to do the work, and the principal's expected utility is equivalent to having the second best expert in-house. Our mechanism connects scoring rules with auctions, a connection that is useful when obtaining new information requires costly research.


A Cu/V2O5 composite was obtained via a simple and time-saving microwave-assisted reduction method from a single-source precursor, copper vanadate. This composite exhibited excellent SERS sensitivity and reproducibility for both Rhodamine 6G (1.0 × 10−7 M) and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (1.0 × 10−5 M) probe molecules, with the enhancement factor of 1.9 × 106 for Rhodamine 6G. The Lewis acid–base properties of V2O5 help improve the chemical enhancement of SERS via Lewis acid–base interaction. Furthermore, the Cu/V2O5 composite was also employed to catalyze C–N and C–C bond cross coupling of the Ullmann reaction. The results demonstrated that Cu/V2O5 catalysts had a better catalytic ability toward the C–N bond (yield of 92.5%) than the C–C bond (yield of 68.8%). This SERS-active composite was hopeful in monitoring the catalytic reactions with in situ SERS technology.


A simple spectrometer is constructed using Light Emitting Diodes of different colors as sources for this spectrometer. In order to calibrate the light sources, different types of LEDs are connected to the circuit of constant voltage to give lights of different colors. The colors of these LEDs are Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange and red with different wavelengths. The emission spectra of all LEDs were obtained from commercial standard companies to give the peak wavelengths of each LED, 400nm (Violet), 470nm (Blue), 525nm (Green), 574nm (Yellow), 590nm (Orange), 610nm (Orange), 625nm (Red), 700nm (Dark Red) respectively. These peak wavelengths are used as reference light sources for this spectrometer. The results of Absorption spectrum measurement show similar spectrum from standard measurement. Raspberry Pi microcontroller was used in this study to measure, to analyze data and display the absorption spectrum. This low-cost spectrometer is good enough for education which can be used in the normal schools or educational institutions using LEDs of several standard peak wavelengths.


"Multi-infarct dementia" (MID) is a widely applied concept of a form of dementia in which the cognitive impairment is thought to result from the cumulative effect of repeated episodes of cerebral infarction.'e2 The pathophysiologic assumption that follows is that recurrent cerebral infarction leads to enough cerebral tissue damage to result in loss of a "critical mass" of brain substance beyond that needed for maintenance of normal intellectual performance. As defined, MID is said to represent a distinct entity, clinically, pathologically, and pathophysiologically different from the most common type of dementia, Alzheimer's disease,3 currently referred to as senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). The clinical acceptance of MID as a distinct form of dementia has been fostered by the introduction of an "ischemic core,''^ in which a variety of parameters related to the onset, clinical features, and course of the dementia, coupled with historical and physical findings indicative of vascular disease, result in a clinical profile that correlates highly with a "vascular mechanism" of the dementia. Thus, items such as "abrupt onset," "stepwise deterioration," and "fluctuating course" of the dementia, in addition to history of hypertension and strokes, evidence of associated atherosclerosis, focal neurologic symptoms and signs, emotional incontinence, depression, somatic complaints, nocturnal confusion, and relative preservation of personality, are each assigned a numerical value, with a possible maximum score of 18 points. It has been estimated that scores of 7 or more correlate with MID, whereas values of 4 or less are indicative of a higher probability of SDAT.2 Such a scoring system, known as the Hachinski Ischemic Score, has been validated pathologically by Rosen et who found that high ischemic scores correlated with vascular dementia, whereas low ischemic scores corresponded with pathologic features of Alzheimer's disease. Using these clinical and pathologic criteria, it has been found that MID represents a relatively infrequent, but well established, cause of dementia, accounting for approximately 12 to 20% of the cases, whereas SDAT is responsible for about 50% of the cases, and an additional "mixed group" (showing pathologic features of Alzheimer's disease, as well as multiple cerebral infarcts) amounts to 16 to 20%.h As defined, the concept of MID is met by a number of problems, primary among them being that of its overuse in the diagnostic evaluation of dementia cases.7 A common clinical scenario is that of an elderly patient with long-standing dementia, who is found not to have elements of a "treatable" form of dementia (chronic subdural hematoma, normal-pressure hydrocephalus, brain tumor, hypothyroidism, neurosyphilis, BIZ or folate deficiency), but who shows on computed tomography (CT) scan of the head evidence of one or more old cerebral infarcts, thus being labeled as an example of MID. This clearly represents an instance of an etiologic diagnosis of dementia being made on the basis of insufficient data, because the coexistence of cerebral infarcts and dementia does not imply a cause and effect relationship. Both conditions, dementia and cerebral infarction, are found with high enough frequency in elderly populations that their coincidental association is expected to be a common occurrence. Thus, the question arises, how much pathologic support exists for the concept of MID, as well as for the validity of a clinical diagnosis of MID based on coexistence of dementia and a "high ischemic score" with CT documentation of cerebral infarcts? In this regard, the careful pathologic studies of Tomlinson et al.'r9 are the strongest available evidence for an association between cerebral infarction and dementia. However, their data showed this association to be one somewhat more complex than the mere existence of multiple cerebral infarcts and absence of histopathologic features of Alzheimer's disease in an individual afflicted by progressive dementia. Their study involved, first, the systematic pathologic examination of 28 brains from elderly individuals without evidence of dementia.' Cerebral infarcts were detected in 20 instances, as minute foci of softening in seven and as larger ones (detectable un-


In Chinese teaching, initiation is the presupposition of research realization, and cooperation is the form of research promotion. Question producing and challenging are the power of research stimulation. Developing and expanding are the important ways of further research.


Temperature, as a measure of thermal motion, is a significant parameter characterizing a cold atomic ensemble optical quantum memory. In a cold gas, storage lifetime strongly depends on its temperature and is associated with the spin wave decoherence. Here we experimentally demonstrate a new spin wave thermometry method relying on this direct dependence. The short-wavelength spin waves resulting from the counter-propagating configuration of the control and the probe laser beams make this thermometry highly suitable for probing in situ the atomic motion in elongated clouds as the ones used in quantum memories. Our technique is realized with comparable precision for memories that rely on electromagnetically induced transparency as well as far-detuned Raman storage.


BACKGROUND
Appendiceal adenocarcinoma is a very rare type of tumor, often asymptomatic in the early stages of development. Surgical resection is the most preferred intervention against appendiceal nonmucinous adenocarcinoma, but the efficacy of post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy is still unclear because the cancer is rare. Accordingly, we sought to characterize appendiceal non-mucinous adenocarcinoma profile that confers a better survival advantage for post-operative chemotherapy.

METHODS
We analyzed patients with appendiceal non-mucinous adenocarcinoma in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, histologically diagnosed for the cancer between 2004 and 2015. Nearly half of the patients first underwent surgery and thereafter received post-operative chemotherapy. Logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier, univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were performed to evaluate the odds ratio for the propensity of patients underweening chemotherapy, whereas hazard ratios were used to evaluate the overall as well as cancer‑specific survival.

RESULTS
Of the 724 patients with appendiceal non-mucinous adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery, 301 (41.6%) received post-operative chemotherapy. Notably, patients with metastatic appendiceal nonmucinous adenocarcinoma were more likely to receive chemotherapy (OR =7.42, 95% CI: 5.34-10.39, P<0.001), similar to those with poor pathologically differentiated cancer types (OR =2.10, 95% CI: 1.49-3.00, P<0.001). However, univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses found no significant overall survival and cancer-specific survival advantage for patients put on postoperative post-operative chemotherapy. In the disease stage and pathological differentiation groups, only patients with widespread metastatic (Stage IV) but well differentiated tumors displayed better 3-year (11.9% in overall survival, 11.5% in cancer-specific survival) and 5-year survival rate (7.8% in overall survival, 6.8% in cancer-specific survival) to post-operative chemotherapy.

CONCLUSIONS
Staging and grading of appendiceal non-mucinous adenocarcinoma is invaluable in guiding the rationale of post-operative chemotherapy. Findings of this research support the view that only patients with both of widespread metastatic but well differentiated appendiceal non-mucinous adenocarcinoma should be considered for post-operative chemotherapy. Nonetheless, further prospective multidisciplinary clinical trials are necessary to further discern the use chemotherapy after surgery in appendiceal non-mucinous adenocarcinoma patients.


In previous chapters we have seen the definition of a constant factor approximation algorithm. In this chapter, we will introduce the notion of a polynomial time approximation scheme (PTAS), which allows approximability to any required degree. To illustrate how PTAS works, we will study two examples, including the knapsack problem and the bin packing problem. The dynamic programming technique will be used to help design approximation algorithms.


This study was done to determine whether gas exchange is affected, both at rest and with exercise, by airflow resistance alterations previously observed during cold air breathing in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease with a history of sensitivity to cold air. Nine patients with cold air sensitivity were studied at rest and daring treadmill exercise breathing room temperature and ?12°C air. Seven of the nine patients had more distress during cold air breathing, but there were no significant differences in heart rates, O2 consumption and arterial blood Po2 and Pco2 between room temperature and ?12°C air breathing, either at rest or during exercise. These results give support to the concept that the most marked change in air flow resistance during cold air breathing occurs in poorly ventilated lung areas.


Graph learning often boils down to discovering the hidden structure of data that is characterized by a graph. Most of the previous works mainly focus on static data processing. However, the distributed sensor network gives rise to space- time data which exhibits spatiotemporal correlation and evolves smoothly over time. In this paper, we address the problem of learning graphs from space-time sensing data. Based on a dynamic model that takes into account both the spatial and temporal correlated property in temporal evolution, we propose a spatiotemporal smoothness-based graph learning method (GLSS), which novelly introduces the spatiotemporal smoothness to the field of space-time data analysis. By simultaneously recovering data and refining graphs under the spatiotemporal smoothness prior, the graph learning accuracy can be efficiently improved. Experiments on synthetic data and real-world data in weather sensor networks demonstrate that joint space-time analysis in proposed GLSS can bring benefits to graph learning and outperforms current the state-of-the-art methods.


Objective To discuss the impacts of completion rate of fast track items on postoperative management of colorectal cancer surgery.Methods Between February 2010and May 2010,100patients(Group "Year 2010")were analyzed retrospectively,who were compared with 76patients(Group"Year 2008")from the same period of 2008.Postoperative recovery indexes,complications,and completion rate of fast track items were studied and compared.Results For major fast track items,the completion rates of restrict rehydration,early out-of-bed mobilization,early oral intaking,and management of gastric tube and drains were significantly higher in Group"Year 2010"than those in Group"Year 2008"(P0.05).Meanwhile,the completion rate of urinary catheter management was significantly higher in Group"Year 2008"than that in Group"Year 2010"(P0.05).In early rehabilitation,the first flatus of patients in Group"Year 2010"〔(3.86±1.05)d〕was significantly earlierthan that in Group"Year 2008"〔(4.28±1.22)d〕,P0.05;for postoperative hospital stay,though,there was nostatistically significant difference between two groups(P0.05).As to the complications,there was also nostatistically significant difference between two groups(P0.05).Conclusions As the concepts of fast track surgerybecame increasingly favorable,completion rates of fast track items are increased.As a result,more and more fasttrack items turn into regular perioperative care.Although enhanced recovery has been achieved,better collaboration and localilzation are still needed to make the full advantage of fast track surgery.


The Ethical Fantasy of Rhetorical Theory is a deeply serious work in rhetorical theory and in the philosophy of rhetoric. It should be read by anyone with serious interests in these fields. Ira Allen's goal in this book is nothing less than to present a foundation for rhetorical theory—in full knowledge of and in careful response to all of the reasons that such an endeavor may seem impossible or even undesirable. Allen executes this task by addressing core questions, among them: What is rhetorical theory? What does rhetorical theory do? What is the truth of rhetorical theory? What is the spirit of rhetorical theory? Some of the general answers for which the book argues are: (1) Rhetorical theory is an ethical fantasy. (2) The most general aim of rhetorical theory is to provide an account of freedom. (3) Freedom in this context is "troubled freedom." (4) Troubled freedom is observed in the ways that symbol-using animals—primarily human beings—negotiate constraint. This is obviously an ambitious project. Its successful elaboration depends on an unusually wide knowledge of the literature on rhetoric, rhetorical theory, the history and philosophy of rhetoric, pedagogy, psychology, and other related areas. Fortunately, Allen makes an extremely well informed case for this new foundation for rhetorical theory. The more I read into the manuscript, themore impressed I was by the accomplishment. It is impossible to summarize the entire argument because the book works its way through to defining its central concepts by engaging numerous theorists and philosophers and allowing the central terms to influence each other in the different contexts the book builds for them. Chapter 1 addresses the central question of what rhetorical theory is and explores several answers in a preliminary way. A significant one for the book is that the way to answer this question is to ask about rhetoric's truth, and the truth of


Project ROMEO is an ambitious project with the aim of reducing the cost of offshore wind energy. The consortium is led by Iberdrola Renovables and it is configured by 12 partners across Europe, dealing with major players in the offshore wind industry. In this explanation the entire project is explained as well as the relationship and the coverage of the project that aims to build an IoT ecosystem from Wind Turbine improving diagnosis and prognosis, IT infraestructure and a better decision taking system covering also aspects as LCoE costs and impact assessment and embedding them into the system.


In this letter, we consider the problem of joint blind source separation of multiple datasets simultaneously using an Independent vector analysis (IVA) framework. In particular we propose a new paradigm of reweighted algorithms for IVA by employing a source prior from a multivariate generalized scale mixture distribution family. In addition, our proposed reweighted algorithms can also exploit second-order statistical information across datasets by learning intrasource correlation matrix of each source component vector (SCV) along with higher order statistics. Experimental results are provided to show the efficacy of our proposed algorithms in achieving reliable source separation for both the cases, i.e., when there is correlation present within an SCV, and also when the sources are uncorrelated, i.e., no second order dependencies across datasets.