The present invention is an apparatus for cleaning the wound with means for applying a flow stress to the wound bed. Irrigation fluid from linked reservoir adaptable wound dressing, and wound exudate from the dressing device for moving fluid through the flow path through through the dressing (which may be a single pump or two pumps), It means for simultaneous aspiration and irrigation of the wound, and is moved by means for applying flow stress to the wound bed. Equipment removes harmful materials in wound healing, dispensing a beneficial materials in promoting wound healing over the wound bed. It means, to promote wound healing. Also, methods of treatment using bandages and equipment.


A reconfigurable transistor that can act both as a ntype and as a p-type MOSFET presents a flexibility of operation that may enable better circuit design [1]. Many options use sophisticated fabrication processes and architectures such as nanowires [2,3,4] to obtain a reconfigurable transistor. There are papers that report simulation results [5,6] for this kind of device. In this work we introduce the new BE SOI MOSFET , a device with very simple fabrication processes, no doping step is needed, just conventional photolithography and metal depositions are used [7,8] and has the reconfigurable property. The BE SOI MOSFET was fabricated at Integrated System Laboratory (LSI) from University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil. It was processed on a 200nm thickness buried oxide SOI wafer with only three conventional photolithography steps and no doping process (the natural doping concentration is 10cm). The final silicon layer and the gate oxide thickness are 10nm each. The source and drain Shottky contacts were made with nickel and the metal gate with aluminum. Fig. 1 shows the schematic profile of this planar device and the picture of the fabricated device can be seen in fig. 2.


The process of stop-chargino production at LHC has been calculated in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model at the complete electroweak one-loop level, assuming a mSUGRA symmetry breaking scheme. Several properties of the angular and invariant mass distributions of the basic amplitudes have been derived. For a meaningful collection of different benchmark points the overall electroweak one-loop effects are at most of the order of a few percent. At the realistically expected LHC accuracy, the main supersymmetric electroweak features of the process can be therefore essentially derived in this theoretical scheme from the simple Born level expressions.


This paper gives a replica analysis for the minimum mean square error (MSE) of a massive multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) system by using Bayesian inference. The Bayesoptimal estimator is adopted to estimate the data symbols and the channels from a block of received signals in the spatial-temporal domain. We show that using the Bayes-optimal estimator, the interfering signals from adjacent cells can be separated from the received signals without pilot information of the interfering signals. In addition, the MSEs with respect to the data symbols and the channels of the desired users decrease with the number of receive antennas and the number of data symbols, respectively. There are no residual interference terms that remain bounded away from zero as the numbers of receive antennas and data symbols approach infinity.


Each year, around 250,000 16-year-olds in the United Kingdom finish their GCSEs and begin studying for their Advanced (A-) levels, many of them at further education (FE) college. Students study their A-level courses at FE college for a number of reasons, including a more mature relationship with teachers. As we approach the 64th anniversary of A-levels, their popularity is as great as ever. They represent the traditional route to university as well as indicating suitability for specific employment, although student success is often dependent upon how well they connect with, and relate to, their teachers, affecting how they feel about themselves, and how they view their learning environment. That is, research shows that when students arrive at FE college, despite there being a more equal power balance and a more adult learning environment than at school, they can find that the newfound freedoms of FE college – especially having to take responsibility for their own learning and progress – leave them feeling less secure than at school and in need of closer teacher guidance and direction than perhaps the FE college realises. Focus group discussions with 16 A-level students at FE college, followed by a questionnaire, revealed that positive relationships with teachers enabled students to feel part of a learning community and that this helped them to do well in their A-levels.


The 14‐MeV neutrons produced in a fusion reactor result in different irradiation damage than the equivalent fluence in a fast breeder reactor, not only because of the higher defect generation rate, but because of the production of significant concentrations of helium and hydrogen. Although no fusion test reactor exists, the effects of combined displacement damage plus helium can be studied in mixed‐spectrum fission reactors for alloys containing nickel (e.g., austenitic stainless steels). The presence of helium appears to modify vacancy and interstitial recombination such that microstructural development in alloys differs between the fusion and fission reactor environments. Since mechanical properties of alloys are related to the microstructure, the simultaneous production of helium and displacement damage impacts upon key design properties such as tensile, fatigue, creep, and crack growth. Through an understanding of the basic phenomena occurring during irradiation and the relationships between microstru...


A novel catalyst, EcoMnOx, was prepared from waste biomass of Mn-hyperaccumulating plants. The valorization of this Mn-rich biomass is an alternative to its costly usual disposing and provides a new source of Mn. Extracted metal ions, including Mn2+, were oxidized in mild conditions by H2O2/NaOH to afford EcoMnOx, as a polymetallic oxide material containing from 8.9 to 14.1 wt % Mn. Spectroscopic studies of this material revealed the presence of Mn layered mixed oxides, rich in MnIV along with MnIII and MnII species. EcoMnOx catalytic properties were assessed in the aerobic oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diols, under atmospheric pressure of O2 or air. With only 10 mol % Mn, up to complete conversions were obtained on activated benzylic and allylic diols, with excellent selectivity toward aldehydes or ketones (98–99%). Moreover, because of its heterogeneous nature, the catalyst can be removed easily by filtration, and reapplied for a minimum of six successive runs without any loss of activity. Finally, E-factor...


Objective To study the tobacco exposure scenes in hot films and teleplays in 2008,and to provide evidence for tobacco control.Methods To investigate tobacco exposure scenes in 2008 films and teleplays with the same definition.Results The target included 10 domestic films,10 foreign films and 11 teleplays.There were four domestic films which had tobacco exposure scenes,for a total of 25 times,25.7 minutes;there were also four foreign films with the same situation,for a total of 15 times,8.5 minutes;all of the 11 TV series had tobacco exposure scenes,for a total of 470,601.3 minutes.Most of smokers in TV series were male,accounting for 97.8%.Most smoking scenes was in public places,accounting for 60.9%.Conclusion The number of tobacco exposure scenes in films and teleplays is still large,especially in teleplays,and it's suggested to strengthen the management of tobacco exposure scenes in films and teleplays.


Topicality. The relevance of the study is related to the growing importance of the enterprise's economic security ensuring for the effective operation and the enterprise's development. Given that economic security is a complex category, to ensure the economic security appropriate level is possible by providing that security issues are addressed in all components and areas of activity. Since sales activities are an indicator of the enterprise's value, it is necessary to pay attention to aspects of sales safety.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to consider the importance and directions of improving sales activities to ensure the enterprise's economic security.Research results. Economic security should be considered as a basis for the enterprise's recovery and development in an unpredictable dynamic environment. Effective enterprise's potential realization is possible under the condition of protection against the negative impact of threats and dangers, i.e. under the condition of creating an appropriate economic security level. Sales security should be considered as one of the areas of a comprehensive economic security system. The sales activities results are the enterprise's value indicator for specific consumers, for society as a whole and for the enterprise itself. High-level analytical activities should be carried out in order to make informed decisions. Sales activities aspects are studied by both the enterprise's analytical structures as a whole, and the sales department's individual employees. The expediency of using logistics outsourcing, namely the transfer of the transporting products function to a logistics company, is considered. The expediency of using the combined method, involvement in the transportation of logistics company products only for certain regions is indicated. The sales activities effectiveness, and, as a consequence, the overall enterprise's activities depends on effective cooperation with market participants. It is proposed to assess the business partner's reliability by the adapted graph-analytical method "Financial Reliability Square" on the open information basis, namely annual financial statements by indicators grouped into the following vectors: volume and sales, financial stability, solvency, business activity.Conclusion. Approaches to improve sales activities, namely the use of logistics outsourcing and assessing the business partner's reliability based on the adapted graph-analytical method "Financial Reliability Square", allow increasing the enterprise's economic security level.


Missing-data errors easily occur in cyber-physical systems (CPSs). Although many business process modeling notation (BPMN)-based methods are proposed to model CPSs and detect errors, it is hard to automatically verify their correctness, especially in the data flows, due to their lack of formal specifications. By comparison, Petri nets, as a formal method, are widely used to detect data-flow errors. However, these methods easily suffer from the state-space explosion problem. This is mainly because their reachability graphs or state transition graphs are based on the interleaving semantics. As an unfolding technique of Petri net, a merged process can characterize concurrency relations and alleviate this problem. Thus, we utilize the merged process of Petri net with data (PD-net) to check the missing-data errors of the CPS. We first transform a BPMN of the CPS into a PD-net and generate its merged process. Meanwhile, we analyze its structural behaviors and data-adjacent events. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm for checking missing-data errors. In addition, a case study and some experiments are done to show the practicality and effectiveness of our method.


The utility model discloses a control panel device and a washing machine adopting the control panel device. The washing machines comprises a housing, a door, a rotary drum, a water holding drum and acontrol panel device, wherein the control panel device is mounted on the housing, the rotary drum is rotatably arranged inside the water holding drum, the water holding drum is mounted inside the housing, and the door is arranged in the position of the opening of the water holding drum. The control panel device comprises a control base, a button mounting plate, a control circuit board and a program controller mounting plate, which are arranged in sequence, wherein buttons are arranged on the control circuit board, button operating parts are arranged on the button mounting plate, the button operating parts are positioned at the front part of the buttons, and at least one raised support part is arranged between the button mounting plate and the program controller mounting plate. Since the raised support part is arranged between the button mounting plate and the program controller mounting plate, although the button mounting plate is depressed downwards, the button operating parts are protected against the deformation by the raised support part and do not trigger the buttons, thereby effectively solving the misoperation problem.


Microservices and serverless are two major architectures used today for deploying cloud-native applications. There are ongoing debates concerning which of these two architectures to use for deploying a given application. In this paper, we have done a case study with an image processing application deployed in Amazon AWS. The study showed that serverless perform better in terms of performance, stability, cost, ease of deployment, and security, whereas microservices show superiority with lower memory use, and better controllability and visibility.


Simulated data plays a crucial role in the development and evaluation of novel distant microphone ASR techniques. However, the commonly used simulated datasets adopt uninformed and potentially unrealistic speaker location distributions. We wish to generate more realistic simulations driven by recorded human behaviour. By using devices with a paired microphone array and camera, we analyse unscripted dinner party scenarios (CHiME-5) to estimate the distribution of speaker separation in a realistic setting. We deploy face-detection, and pose-detection techniques on 114 cameras to automatically locate speakers in 20 dinner party sessions. Our analysis found that on average, the separation between speakers was only 17 degrees. We use this analysis to create datasets with realistic distributions and compare it with commonly used datasets of simulated signals. By changing the position of speakers, we show that the word error rate can increase by over 73.5% relative when using a strong speech enhancement and ASR system.


Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) permeate all aspects of society in Australia. Since the introduction of the Internet into Australia some 20 years ago the majority of Australian households (72% in 2008 – 2009) have access to the Internet (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2009). By mid-2009 over 24 million active mobile phones services were used in Australia, more than one phone per person (Australian Communications and Media Authority, 2010). Increasingly young people are entering the mobile phone market with 76% of 12 to 14 year olds having their own phone (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010). Despite the infiltration of mobile phones into the youth market, the majority of phone contact (60%) made is to family members rather than peers (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2009).


#### Summary points

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, with almost 1.38 million new cases a year worldwide; it accounts for 23% of all cancers and 14% of deaths from cancer.1 However, mortality from breast cancer is declining—increasing numbers of women are long term survivors (>5 years) (currently 549 000 in the United Kingdom).2 3 Surgery remains a mainstay of treatment, either breast conservation or mastectomy, but any breast surgery can greatly alter breast aesthetics and body image.

Breast reconstruction restores breast symmetry after a mastectomy by creating a breast mound, similar in size, shape, contour, and "out of bra position" to the contralateral breast. In England and Wales in 2002, about 10% of women had immediate breast reconstruction; by 2009 this had risen to 21%.4 Post-mastectomy breast reconstruction is associated with improved body image, quality of life, self confidence, and wellbeing.5

In this review, we outline the indications for breast reconstruction along with the timing and techniques available to patients after mastectomy.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane collaboration for articles using the keywords "breast reconstruction". Wherever possible we used evidence from randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses from the past five years to provide an up to date review. We also consulted …


On the characteristics of Chinese traditional justice,there are differences between scholars,but a unity between judicial and administrative system as well as a contempt for the procedure is the consistent understanding,as a result,arbitrariness and excessive discretion are its inherent drawbacks.The promise of Western powers to give up consular jurisdiction,′Su Paper′ case and the impact of Russo-Japanese War gave birth to the late Qing judicial reform.Because of the reform,quantities of modern laws which contained western judicial rules were made and passed,a relatively independent judiciary-Dali Institute was established,the concept of judicial independence came into reality.It marked the start of modern transformation of traditional Chinese judicial.However,this reform was largely impelled by outer factors,various obstacles and defects,such as the famous Ministry-Justice Dispute of the late Qing indicating the complexity and hardship in the development of judicial system.


Rotating parts for spectrum calibration are important components of environment monitoring instrument on the satellite,and random vibration during the satellite launching is a main cause for structural failure.In order to effectively indicate the response of the rotating parts against the dynamic environmental stimulus,natural mode and random vibration analysis were presented using finite elements software ANSYS Workbench.Response values,including spectrums of 1σ displacement and acceleration and equivalent stress were obtained.The analysis results show that the stiffness and strength of rotating parts under random vibration condition satisfy the safety requirements so that fatigue failure will not occur.It is also shown that the method proposed is helpful to promote structure design and optimization.


Similarity calculation is an important part of natural language processing. The higher the accuracy of the similarity, the better the results for downstream tasks. In previous studies, similarity was calculated using a single knowledge source and the similarity calculation was not satisfactory. Later, computing similarity combining multiple knowledge sources can lead to better similarity computation results. In this paper, we calculate similarity based on multiple knowledge sources and use the simulated annealing algorithm to calculate the damping factor between different knowledge sources to obtain the composite similarity. The error between the composite similarity values of the BioBERT model and the Word2Vec model and the standard similarity values is only 0.03. In the data of the official similarity calculation, the composite similarity can improve the accuracy of the similarity very well.


The Encyclopedia of Forensic Science is a condensed version of facts and trivia that should be at the forensic examiner's fingertips when testifying in court. I thoroughly enjoyed the random insertion of case histories that pulls the reader out of the analytical depths and into reality. The case histories are peppered with speculation adding to the intrigue; photographs and diagrams are nicely inserted allowing visual explanation of a process or technique. Although if this document is targeted to the novice forensic science student as both the forward and preface allude to, then the text should have undergone a more thorough review.


positive opinion. To examine the hypothesis, a technique developed by Gilson and Abelson (1965) was used: Positive and negative opinions were operationalized as sentence verbs, support and oppose, respectively. Experiment I confirmed the above hypothesis. However, there was no general tendency among subjects to accept negative statements more easily than positive statements. Experiment 11 was conducted to examine this point, by using a wide variety of verbs. The result of Experiment II, however, was not conclusive.


Abstract BACKGROUND: Large brain metastases which require resection are treated with surgery followed by whole brain radiation therapy or postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Recently a novel strategy using neoadjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery (Na-SRS) followed by surgery was reported, demonstrating lower rates of postoperative leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) and symptomatic radiation necrosis (sRN). However, local control rate was not significantly improved. We treated with neoadjuvant fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (Na-frSRT) followed by surgery for large brain metastasis with difficulty in en-block resection. METHODS: Nine patients received Na-frSRT followed by surgery between July 2019 and June 2020. Na-frSRT dose was based on lesion size and was standard dosing. Surgery generally followed within 7 days after radiotherapy. RESULTS: The mean age was 64 years (55–78). Eight men and one woman. Median follow-up period was 5.3 months (1.7–12.5). Primary cancers were non-small cell lung cancer 2, esophageal cancer 2, colon cancer 1, melanoma 1, hepato-cellular carcinoma 1 and recurrence of BM from small cell lung cancer and renal cell cancer. The median maximum tumor diameter was 4.3cm (2.6–4.9). The median SRT dose was 30Gy/5fr, and the median time from SRT to surgery was 4 days (1–7). Median PTV was 15.4ml (5.6–49.7), and median GTV was 21.7ml (8.6–61.4). As preoperative adverse event, intracranial hypertension grade2 (CTCAE ver.4.0) was occurred one patient, but controlled with steroid and osmotic diuretics. Grade 3 and more adverse events were not occurred. Gross total resection with intra-tumoral decompression and piece-meal technique was performed in all cases as planning. Event cumulative incidence as follows: surgical site recurrence 0%; local recurrence 11.1%; distant brain failure 11.1%; LMD 0%; and sRN 0%. The median overall survival was not reached. CONCLUSIONS: Na-frSRT followed by surgery is safety and feasible, and may have therapeutic value for large brain metastasis. Further prospective investigations in multi-institutional settings are warranted.


Over the last 150-plus years, California has been a leader in the development of water resources and infrastructure, which have more recently involved transferring scarce water from available sources to needy destinations. The 1930s Central Valley Project involved large dams, lengthy canals, pumping stations, and other important features. It helped turn the Central Valley into one of the most productive agricultural areas in the world. This paper traces the important history of California's water resources and infrastructure development; highlights the CVP's origin, planning, design, construction, operation, and recent developments; and focuses on some of the people who made major contributions.


Some interesting challenges arise from the drive to build larger, more durable rotors that produce cheaper energy. The rationale is that, with current wind turbine designs, the power generated is theoretically proportional to the square of blade length. One enabling technology is aeroelastic tailoring that offers enhanced combined energy capture and system durability. The design of two adaptive, aeroelastically tailored blade configurations is considered here. One uses material bend-twist coupling; the other combines both material and geometric coupling. Each structural design meets a predefined coupling distribution, whilst approximately matching the stiffness of an uncoupled baseline blade. A gust analysis shows beneficial flapwise load alleviation for both adaptive blades, with the additional benefits of smoothing variations in electrical power and rotational speed.


Combining with the internal relation between religion and art,it analyzes the impacts of religion on garden design.Starting from aspects of religion connotation,landscape features,and art forms and so on,it respectively inquires the impacts of Buddhism,Christianity,and Islamism on garden design,and holds that designers should correctly apply religion connotation in garden design by starting from the aspects of historical heritage and cultural deposits.


Silvicultural treatments that aim to improve tree growth rates also have the potential to alter physical characteristics of the tree stem and thus affect the recovery of solid-wood products. We tes...


This study was performed to obtain safety and survival data for patients with histologically confirmed recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) who received intralesional lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells following surgery. LAK cells were generated by incubating peripheral blood mononuclear cells with interleukin-2 for 3 to 5 days in vitro. Forty patients with pathologic confirmation of GBM at surgery had placement of autologous LAK cells into the tumor cavity. The 23 men and 17 women had a median age of 48 years (range 21–76). The median interval from the original diagnosis of glioma to LAK treatment was 10.9 months. Patients received an average of 2.0 ± 1.0 × 109 LAK cells, with viability of 91 ± 6.8%. Treatment was well tolerated; there was one death within 60 days. At a median follow-up of 2.3 years, median survival post-LAK was 9.0 months; 1-year survival was 34%. Gender, age, location of tumor, LAK cell lytic activity, number of cells implanted, and inclusion of interleukin-2 at cell instillation were not correlated with outcome. Median survival from the date of original diagnosis for 31 patients who had GBM at initial diagnosis was 17.5 months versus 13.6 months for a control group of 41 contemporary GBM patients (p2 = 0.012). This treatment is safe and feasible. The median survival rates are higher than reported in most published series of patients who underwent reoperation for recurrent GBM. A randomized trial would be needed to establish therapeutic benefit.


A batch arrival queueing system of the MX/G/1 type with unlimited queue is considered. After each busy period the server begins a multiple vacation period, consisting of independent single vacations, when the service process is blocked. The server begins successive single vacations as far as at the end of one of them the number of customers waiting in the queue equals at least N. The service of the first customer after the vacation period is preceded by a setup time.The analysis of the queue‐size distribution on the first vacation cycle is directed to the analysis of the same characteristic in the corresponding "usual" system with unremovable server on its first busy period. The renewal‐theory approach is used to obtain results in the general case. As main result the explicit representation for the LT of queue‐size distribution is derived for the original system.


The authors proposed a probabilistic design method based on theoretical analysis of reliability.According to the empirical expression in the code of dyke design,the limit state equations of overtopping,seepage stability and slope slide stability for a typical dyke with inclining facing and twophase fluvial base were formulated.The Monte Carlo method was employed to assess the stability.Discussion was made in detail about the influences of several geometric and geotechnical parameters on the reliability index.The reliability index for wave overtopping increases with the dyke height.The reliability index for seepage stability would increase with increasing of slope ratio,crest width,thickness of clay stratum,width of foreland,thickness and width of counter weight blankets,and it would decreases with increasing of the permeability coefficient of sand and clay stratum.The reliability index for slope stability would increase with increasing of the slope ratio.A design process for this type of dyke was suggested.


Objective: Sit-stand desks have been designed to address high daily sitting in work and school environments. The purpose was to determine the daily pattern of use and overall likeability of sit-stand desk over the course of a semester. Participants: A total of 18 subjects (12 standing) completed the 11-week study (week 5-15 of the semester) from January-April, 2016. Methods: Each student in the standing group was given a sit-stand desk to use as they desired. Results: Individual daily standing time ranged from 0-100% of daily attendance time and the daily group average ranged from 2.1-38.4%. Two-thirds of the standing bouts were ≤ 2 min. Perception questionnaire answers were positive for using the desk and their effect on students' ability to work in class. Conclusions: The results indicate the sit-stand desks were utilized at low levels and for short durations for most participants, but perceptions of desk use remained positive.


A method of Au bump fabrication has been studied for wafer level packaging. Theprocess flow of the bumping using electroplating is described. UBM sputtering, thick photoresistlithography and thick Au electroplating are investigated. UBM system of TiW/Au is selected andoptimal process of thick photoresist lithography is got after experiments. A fountain-plating ma-chine has been developed for wafer level Au bumping. Studies on the parameter of electroplating arealso performed with different plating solutions and photoresist systems. A comparison between Aubumps fabricated and those of other vendors is made, which indicates the fabricated bumps could beused for application.


OVERVIEW OF PORTALS An increasing number of requests for proposals (RFPs) for automated library systems now include specifications for a portal module. A portal is a single user interface for access to many electronic resources. It may include: * A library's own catalog * The catalogs of other libraries * Online reference services to which the library subscribes * Selected websites * Even the Internet as a whole Most library patrons want information regardless of where they find it. They don't want to limit themselves to their library's collection. A portal offers them one-stop shopping that takes them from the initial need for information through its delivery--without having to use several different tools. If well-designed, a portal also provides effective navigation of complex, multiple, and disparate collections. In the words of Vinod Chachra, president of VTLS, a vendor of automated library systems: "It's not if libraries should be portals, it's not when libraries should be portals, it's how libraries should be portals." Despite the growing interest in portals, fewer than one-half of 1% of libraries have implemented them, which is why only limited information is available at this time. The consensus among vendors is that widespread implementation is at least two years away. History Portals were first developed by large companies seeking to provide employees with a single interface by which they could access corporate information from multiple computer systems. Although the first portals were developed by or for a specific company, commercially produced portal software soon became available. A portal can be mounted either on a dedicated server or on a Web server that supports other applications. The software is generally described as a portal server or enterprise portal product. Major portal software vendors include BroadVision, Epicentric, iPlanet, Oracle, Plumtree, Tibco, and Thunderstone. Plumtree is the market leader with a 39% share; none of the others has more than 9% market share. The products of these companies are not discussed in this report because few libraries have entertained the idea of building their own portals from scratch. Thunderstone is the only vendor that claims a library (an ARL member) as a customer. The library, which was not identified, selected Thunder-stone before library portal options became available. The library had to do much development work to tailor the portal to the needs of its faculty and students. Four smaller vendors (Auto-Graphics, Fretwell-Downing Informatics, MuseGlobal, and WebFeat) have developed portal software they sell directly to the library market. (See Chapter 3 for more information.) Elements of a portal A portal typically contains the following: * Intuitive and customizable Web interface A portal provides an easy-to-navigate interface that can be designed to match the look and feel of an organization's existing applications. Although most portals are implemented with Web browsers, they can have another client interface, such as a graphical user interface (GUI). * Personalized content presentation A portal can access user profile information to deliver personalized content. Each user can gain a view tailored to his or her access privileges. The personalization can be for a person or a category of people. In most organizations, each employee is provided with personalized content; customers and suppliers are provided content personalized for a category. * Security User profiles can be used to increase the security of the systems being accessed because most portal servers use caching to improve performance. The users access the cache, rather than the back-end server that is the source of the information. Patron authentication is another security feature that can be used not only to determine rights to access that information stored on the local system, but to access remote resources that are limited to specific people or categories of people. …


Smart education system, an advanced form of modern educational informatization supported by technologies like cloud computing, Internet of things and mobile Internet, builds ubiquitous network environment, cloud computing data center, sensing system of multidimensional Internet of things and all kinds of application systems on the basis of which a series of information services are launched. Application of big data is the focus and challenge of smart education system. This article carries out research on the application of big data in smart education system, promoting the transformation of information portals of universities into service portals.


Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merril) originated from China, where the resources of its close wild relative-wild soybeans (G. soja Sieb. et Zucc.) are very rich. The wild soybeans are rich in protein content, strongly resistant to stresses, thus are important germplasm for soybean breeding. The surveying of the resources of the wild soybeans would undoubtedly extremely enrich the germplasm genetic bank in China.


A gedankenexperiment was considered to compare a hypothetical thruster that used no reaction mass to propulsion methods currently in use. A brief discussion of previous research work done on closed resonant cavity thrust devices was conducted. Using the previous work as a template, a simulation plan was devised. Computational models of resonant microwave cavities were constructed and investigated using COMSOL software. These COMSOL simulations were verified against known analytical solutions using Matlab software as a computational tool. Multiphysics simulations were created to study the microwave heating environment of the resonant cavities. From the COMSOL study outputs, the electromagnetic field magnitude, temperature, surface resistive losses, volume resistive losses, quality factor, and energy contained in the electric field were presented and discussed. The disagreements between the computational model and real-world resonant cavities were also presented and discussed.


Palestinian Literature as War literature: a Sociopolitical Reality Inspiring Fiction Palestinian literature can be studied as a subgenre of war literature. War literature in this respect is categorised as any literary production, whose six pillars of writing, including characters, setting in time and place, plot, theme, climax and ending, directly or remotely, depict the context of war. War is defined as a state of conflict, fighting, or animosity, largeor smallscale between people, states or nations. War literature is set apart from other literary categories, as its very presence is governed by a state of war, actual or fictional, temporary or permanent, past or present, primitive or modern, which affects the configuration of the war story and its themes. This journal article is available in Kunapipi: http://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol31/iss1/13


BACKGROUND
Papillary squamous cell carcioma is rare form of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix occurring in women in the sixth decade of life and is frequently misdiagnosed as high-grade intraepithelial lesion. Few reports with cytologic study have been performed, especially with cytology in liquid-based specimens.

CASE
A 58-year-old woman who had 8 gestations (no abortions) and mitral cardiopathy treated with coumarin medication was referred for transvaginal bleeding of 20 days' duration. Specular examination showed an exophytic, easily bleeding lesion occupying all of the uterine cervix and superior third of the vagina. Liquid-based cytology showed squamous cells, mostly basaloid but some bizarre or in fiber, with clearly atypical nuclei. Second-generation hybrid capture for high-risk human papillomavirus was positive, with a viral load of 404 relative light unit/positive control B, and the tumor expressed p16(INK4a).

CONCLUSION
This report adds further experience with liquid-based cytology to the existing conventional and liquid-based cytologic findings, particularly in the Brazilian female population.


With the development of globalization,local industrial networks characterized by geographical agglomeration of economic activities are being embedded in global value chain. Therefore the global linkages are more and more important to local industrial network upgrading. At first the paper define the conception of value chain governance and its' types. Then analyzes the influences of global linkages in local industrial network upgrading by focusing on governance of global value chain. Based on that,the paper makes a case study on Pudong Integrated Circuit(IC) local industrial network and inquires into the great influences in upgrading of Pudong IC network of the leading companies in global value chain. At last,the paper draw a conclusion,which is not completely agree with those in similar researches in some other developing countries. The paper argues that promotion or hindrance to upgrading of local industrial networks of leading corporations as the governor of global value chain is determined by whether upgrading of local industrial networks injures their key competitiveness,but not by the types of upgrading. Hopefully,this will be a modification to some findings in the international academic circles in this field.


local and temporary. Such use of the organism is regulated under the legislation for chemical pesticides, and registration can be withdrawn if there are unwanted side effects. In contrast, classical biological control establishes an organism from another part of the world. With this approach the weed is continually controlled, but the introduction is generally irreversible. Once an organism is established, it is usually impossible to eradicate it. Most classical biological control organisms have been insects, although some micro-organisms, nematodes, and mites have been used. With a few exceptions, such as the White Amur fish, Ctenopharydon idella (Val.), vertebrates have not been used for weed control. Unless confined, their ecological impact tends to be devastating, such as the deforestation of the Mediterranean basin by goats. Worldwide, there are more than 300 examples in which an insect species has been introduced for the pur-


Multiple objective linear problems are problems with multiple objective functions and linear constraints. In this paper, a decision maker considers multiple objectives in order to optimize objectives. Here, solutions for the optimization of multiple objective linear problems, in contest are provided in which partial information on preference weights is accounted. If data are inexact and belong to the interval, then interval multiple objective linear problems are dealt with. Multiple objective linear problems can be transformed to linear problems through axial approach. Some values are in upper or lower bound in these LPs by which two linear problems are solved and axial solutions are earned. In the paper, cost coefficients, available resources values, activity variables and improvement axis are not exact and lower and upper bounds of values are available. A numerical example is presented here, the objective of which is maximizing the benefits and the productions. In addition, more preferred solutions (Axial solutions) are determined, which relate to the preferences of problem, decision makers and the environment information.


Re-Dimensioning the Polish-German Border Area: Poznań as a City in a Transnational Cooperation Space The declining importance of national policies and the economic level as a result of globalisation as well as European integration processes compels cities to become actors on the international stage and to define their own 'foreign policies', which may include the establishment of transnational alliances, networks, and cooperation territories. This will be discussed using Poznań as a case study. After the fall of the Iron Curtain the city had to integrate into traditional forms of international cooperation as well as new forms of transnational networking. Concerning the latter, the biggest challenge is the integration of Poznań into the strategic network of the Oder Partnership, which aims at creating a Polish-German cooperation space able to compete with other European regions.


This paper puts forward two new evolutionary multi agent based particle swarm optimization algorithms for solving security constrained (line flows and bus voltages) optimal power flows. These two methods combine the multi agents in two dimensional and cubic lattice structures with particle swarm optimization (PSO). All agents occupy in a cubic and square lattice like environments, with agents fixed on a lattice point in the ascending order of their fitness values. To obtain the optimal solution, each agent in cubic and square lattice competes and cooperates with its neighbor. Making use of these agent-agent interactions, CLSMAPSO and TDLSMAPSO accomplish the purpose of minimizing the Fuel cost value while maintaining all the constraints. In this paper, a Variable constriction factor has been considered for TDLSMAPSO and CLSMAPSO. Both the smooth and nonsmooth cost functions were considered to take the effect of multiple fuels and multiple valves effects in to consideration. The outcomes are compared with many other methods like Genetic Algorithms, Differential Evolution, Normal PSO and Ant Colony optimization etc., The OPF problem has been considered with three different cost functions to realize Optimal Power Flow using CLSMAPSO and TDLSMAPSO applied to IEEE 30 bus system. This unique method has the advantage of more agent interactions in case of CLSMAPSO which improved the convergence drastically compared to the Two dimensional structure used in paper by sivasubramani and Shanti swarup in reference[2]. It is found that the proposed method is found to be computationally fast, robust, superior and promising from its convergence characteristics. General Terms Newton-Raphson(NR) algorithm, Lattice, Agent, Smooth and Non-smooth cost functions.


Background: Neural stem cells (NSCs) hold the promise to cure a broad range of neurological diseases and injuries, particularly neurodegenerative diseases and spinal cord injuries. The recent confirmation that neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain and that NSCs reside in the adult CNS opens new opportunities and avenues for cellular therapy. Objectives: To provide an overview of the current patent situation related to NSCs and to highlight the limitations and challenges of bringing NSC research to therapy. Method: Reviewing the early studies and patents in NSC research. Conclusion: NSCs are in clinical trials for Batten and Parkinson's diseases. However, clinical development and other limitations will make it difficult for pharmaceutical/biotech companies to break even with these early patents.


Within industrial off-line applications the complete 3-D digitizing of object surfaces will be performed using stereo videography. Typical examples where the off-line measurements are needed, are: 1) the reverse engineering during the industrial design; and 2) the quality control during the process setup. In both cases the measuring tasks are less time constrained than in the case of the on-line control. On the contrary, the requirements are higher as it regards the completeness of the recovered object model and the accuracy of the object measures. Within the paper an off-line 3-D measuring procedure is discussed. The procedure is under development in a project which belongs to the national research programme on machine vision in Finland 1992-1996. The procedure consists of four concurrent phases: 1) recording, 2) rectification, 3) digitizing, and 4) modelling. The recordings are based on sequential stereo videography and the continuous object digitizing is based on the rigid normal case of stereography. The system modules are: 1) the two video cameras, 2) a controllable feature projector, and 3) the photogrammetric station. The procedure is interactively linked to a CAD/CAM-environment both for reverse engineering and quality control use. Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 05/18/2016 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/TermsOfUse.aspx 92 Haggren/Jokinen/Niini/Pontinen


First,the principle of the droop control and the power calculation method is introduced. In order to overcome the disadvantage of big droop coefficients on the stability of the power allocation loop, here a feed forward path on the real power droop block is added to improve the stability. Then the small signal model of the microgrid is established, the impacts of droop coefficients, line resistance and reactance, filter and feed forward coefficients' on the stability is systematically analyzed, which confirms that the feed forward path can improve the stability significantly, so the power allocation loop can adopt big droop coefficients to lower its sensitivity on the fluctuation of the frequency and voltage of the distribution network, as well as improve the reactive load distribution accuracy. At last, the time domain simulation is conducted to confirm the necessity of adopting appropriate feed forward coefficients to configurate the dominant conjugate eigenvalue of small signal model.


Background: Retention of urine is a common postoperative problem associated with risk of overdistention and permanent detrusor damage. Prevention of urinary retention by insertion of indwelling catheter may increase the risk of urinary infection. We have performed a reliability test of an ultrasound scanner, implemented in the postoperative monitoring equipment.


We describe the fabrication and low-temperature characterization of high quality parabolic quantum wells, grown with GaAs/Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As molecular beam epitaxy using the novel method of depositing single monolayers of either GaAs or Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As so as to produce an average parabolic potential. The high quality of these wells is attested to by the appearance of magnetoresistance oscillations associated with the population of the second subband, observable at low temperatures when the well is oriented nearly parallel to the magnetic field, a phenomenon not previously observed in parabolic quantum wells.


We have developed a new beam injection from the SACLA linac to the storage ring of SPring-8 for saving energy consumption and operation cost of existing facilities and for the major upgrade of SPring-8, SPring-8-II. After the upgrade, the storage ring is expected to provide a couple of orders of magnitude lower emittance, but in consequence, the dynamic apertures will be narrower. Thus, the 1 GeV linac and the 8 GeV booster synchrotron that have been used for years will not meet the injection requirement anymore. The SACLA linac can instead provide more than one order of magnitude smaller emittance than the original injectors. We have switched the injectors prior to the major upgrade so that the detailed setup of the new injection system can be precisely completed without affecting the upgrade works. In addition, it can help reduce power consumption and maintenance costs by shutting down the original injectors. We developed an on-demand beam route and parameter switching system, a precise kicker magnet system for beam route control, and a precise synchronization system to inject an electron beam to SPring-8 in parallel with XFEL operation. The systems for the injection worked well and the injector was switched from the original one to the SACLA linac. Although degradation of the bunch purity was observed at first, we minimized the impurity by suppressing the satellite electrons from SACLA and by removing impure electrons in the SR. Thus, both the SPring-8 SR and the XFEL beamlines in SACLA are stably operated with sufficient stability.


to have a vena cava that had become recanalized two years later. So partial occlusion seems to be as good as ligation in stopping recurrence of emboli and to have fewer sequelae; but in some patients there will be complete occlusion of the ven-a cava by thrombosis. When should an operation of this kind be used in the treatment of recurrent pulmonary emboli ? When adequate anticoagulant therapy has failed or when anticoagulants are contraindicated-for example, immediately after very extensive surgical wounds, when the patient has ulcerative disease of the gut or has had a stroke, and after some extensive urological operations because of the complications of haematuria. These operations are done much more often in North America than in Britain. In the U.S.A. prophylactic venous interruption has indeed been advocated as a routine at the time of operation for caesarean section. This is going too far in the light of the results of treatment with anticoagulants, the sequelae of ligation, and the limited information so far available on operation providing partial venous obstruction. At what level should an operation be done ? If tenderness is limited to one calf and there are no signs in the thigh, ligation of the femoral vein must still be considered, especially if the patient is very ill. When there is no indication which leg is affected, or when there is evidence of thrombi in the pelvic veins, then interruption of the vena cava is the operation of choice. When there is extensive sepsis in the pelvis, ligature is still the best procedure, but if no sepsis is present partial occlusion is probably a better type of operation. However, the indications for these measures may require revision in the light of the results obtained by venous thrombectomy, when large peripheral thrombi are located by venography and removed immediately by surgery.16 This approach has become more popular since it has been shown in recent years both experimentally" and clinically'8 that many pulmonary emboli can undergo thrombolysis. It remains to be seen whether venous thrombectomy-first tried by R. Leriche in 1928-will now find a permanent place in the management of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Venous interruption should be used very sparingly until its value is clear.


Introduction: Different cognitive models representing the brain's cognitive processes in areas such as psychology and artificial intelligence have been proposed that have many uses. Given the objectives of these models, the most important of which is to study the characteristics of the brain in the process of performing excellent cognitive functions, patient rehabilitation, and intelligent machines, it is necessary to review and compare the proposed models carefully. Methods: In this study, by collecting library data, information about three cognitive models, namely the cognitive models of semantic networks, ACT-R, and free energy of the brain, were examined. Results: The semantic network model has the ability to produce semantic (declarative) knowledge. The ACT-R model, which is one of the most practical human cognitive models, provides the possibility of producing declarative and procedural knowledge (skills). Models of semantic networks and free energy require programming, while the ACT-R model is presented in the form of application software. The free energy model of the brain works similarly to human inferences by generating a variety of declarative, procedural, and conditional knowledge by updating sensory concepts and perceptions received, as well as previous hypotheses based on Bayesian probabilistic inferences, and by minimizing the free energy of the brain. Conclusion: Despite the complexity of the free energy model, due to its more significant com -prehensiveness, in describing cognitive functions such as perception, learning, attention, decision making, and analysis of human cognitive diseases could give better and broader results. Abstract


The hippocampus has previously been implicated in the encoding of spatial memories on a neuronal level. This encoding is accomplished through modulating firing of CA1 pyramidal cells in response to different actions performed in the same egocentric and allocentric space. In this experiment we aimed to determine the different type of CA1 cell firing rate modulation in response to movement through 2 different trajectories existing on the same track. We specifically focused on the area on our Plus-track where these two trajectories overlapped. We recorded single cells from rats and found place cells with fields on the overlapping portion of the track. About half of these cells did not show a significant change in the firing of their place field when the two trajectories were compared. However, we did find that the other half modulated their firing in three ways. First, the place field changed in magnitude of firing between the two routes. Second, the place field's center of mass shifted depending on the route. Lastly, we found that a small percentage exhibited both forms of encoding. Our results suggest that hippocampal place cells are capable of a highly specific level of modulation affected by more then the specific location, and grand changes in direction/behavior. According to our results, these cells can distinguish between at least 2 different trajectories on the same track, while executing the same behavior, in exactly the same space. © 2014. Hosting by Nature. All rights reserved.


With the development of society, network technology is constantly advancing with the times, people in the Internet environment can freely express their own ideas, pay attention to Chinese political dynamics, this paper through the analysis of Internet-based citizens to participate in the network of democratic politics The change of the construction of democratic politics in our country, and then understand the relationship between the network public opinion and the democratic rule of law, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures for the limitation of the network public opinion.


OBJECTIVE
To study the effect on gastrointestinal functions of Polygonum paleaceum Wall.

METHODS
Defecation reflex, gastric emptying, motility of the gastroinestinal tract of mice and isolated intestinal smooth muscle of rabbits were used.

RESULTS
Polygonum paleaceum Wall could inhibit defecation reflex and depress the motility of the gastrointestinal tract, delay gastric emptying in mice. It also had analgesia action, but didn't affect rabbit intestinal contraction spontaneously or induced by acetylcholine (Ach) in vitro.

CONCLUSION
It suggested that Polygonum paleaceum Wall possessed the action on gastrointestinal functions.


The standard‐of‐care in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA SCCHN) remains concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The present study compared the disease response and safety profile of induction chemo‐ therapy followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) vs. CRT alone in patients with LA SCCHN. The present prospec‐ tive randomized study was conducted between July, 2014 and July, 2015 on 52 patients with SCCHN of the oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. Patients were randomly divided into the induction chemotherapy [docetaxel, cisplatin and 5‐FU (TPF)] followed by CRT arm (TPF + CRT arm, n=25) or the CRT alone arm (CRT arm, n=27). The disease response, and acute and late toxicities were assessed. At the first follow‐up (6 weeks), the overall response rate (ORR) was 82.6% for the TPF + CRT arm and 72% for the CRT arm; the difference was not significant. In addition, no statistically significant differences were observed in the nodal response between the treatment arms. Acute toxicities were significantly higher in the TPF + CRT arm, with respect to mucositis and hemato‐ logical toxicities. No differences were observed in late‐onset toxicities observed following 3 months of radiotherapy. Triple drug‐based sequential therapy was tolerable in the popula‐ tion in the present study and may thus hold promise for the treatment of SCCHN; however, larger prospective studies are required to confirm these results. Introduction Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common type of cancer worldwide (1), with ~500,000 new cases diagnosed annually. It constitutes 5% of all cancer cases worldwide. In India, head and neck cancer accounts for 29.6% of all cancer cases among males (range, 24.3‐34.3%) and 11.84% of all cancer cases among females (range, 10.5‐15.5%) as per different hospital‐based registries (2,3). Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) constitutes >90% of all head and neck cancers (1). In India, SCCHN arising from the oral cavity is the most common type of cancer among males and the third most common type among females (1,4). Approximately, 16% of all cancer cases were registered as SCCHN at the Regional Cancer Centre, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India, from 2001 to 2010, accounting for 10.6% of all cancer cases among males and 5.4% of all cancer cases among females (unpublished data). The geographic distribution reveals a very large variation in the incidence of head and neck cancers in different countries, with low incidences reported in Western Europe and high incidences in South Asia, parts of Africa and South America (5). The incidence of early‐stage SCCHN (stage I or II) is ~40%, whereas 60% of cases are reported with locally advanced (stages III and IVA/B) and metastatic (stage IVC) disease (6). Therapeutic options for early‐stage SCCHN include both surgery and radiotherapy as a single treatment modality, with a cure rate of ~80% (6,7). Radiotherapy alone has long been the standard non‐surgical therapy for locally advanced disease (8,9). A previous meta‐analysis of individual patient data from >10,000 participants in 63 trials [Meta‐Analysis of Chemotherapy on Head and Neck Cancer (MACH‐NC)] demonstrated that the addition of chemotherapy to radio‐ therapy in both definitive and adjuvant postoperative settings resulted in a 12% reduction in the risk of mortality from head and neck cancer, corresponding to an absolute improvement of 4% in the 5‐year survival rates (10). The use of induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy has resulted in organ preservation without compromising overall survival, when compared with radiotherapy alone in the Conventional chemoradiation vs. induction chemotherapy followed by conventional chemoradiation for locally advanced head and neck cancer: A prospective, randomized study AMIT RANA1, PRIYANKA RANA2, MANOJ GUPTA3, RAJEEV SEAM4 and MANISH GUPTA1 1Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171 001; 2Directorate of Health Services, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171 009; 3Department of Radiotherapy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249 203; 4Department of Radiotherapy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Ambala, Haryana 133 203, India Received May 28, 2020; Accepted August 24, 2020 DOI: 10.3892/wasj.2020.65 Correspondence to: Dr Priyanka Rana, Directorate of Health Services, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171 009, India E‐mail: email@example.com


The centers work of Anderson et al. (2001) [1] identified two prominent centers in the Tharsis region, Syria Planum and Alba Patera (Stage 2 and Stage 4 respectively). Because of their perceived influence on the geologic and possible paleoclimatic histories of Mars, Mars Orbiter Laser Altimetry (MOLA) along with published stratigraphic and paleotectonic information (including the centers information) were analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to perform a comparative investigation of their strain histories through time. This investigation highlights their similarities and distinctions, including their topographic and morphologic signatures, deformational extent, and intensities and durations of activity.


Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor occurring mainly in children and young adults. OS is usually seen in sporadic cases, and it is an extremely rare phenomenon in blood relatives, particularly among identical twins.


Let  $G$ be a finite nonabelian group. The commuting conjugacy class graph  $Gamma(G)$ is a simple graph with the noncentral conjugacy classes of $G$ as its vertex set and two distinct vertices $X$ and $Y$ in $Gamma(G)$ are adjacent if and only if there are  $x in X$ and $y in Y$ with this property that $xy = yx$. The aim of this paper is to obtain the structure of the commuting conjugacy class graph of  finite CA-groups. It is proved that this graph is a union of some complete graphs. The commuting conjugacy class graph of certain groups are also  computed.


This is the first paper in a series dealing with the formation of benzene from acetylene on iron clusters, Fen/Fen+ (n=1–4). In the present study, we have performed all-electron Kohn–Sham density-functional theory calculations on the adsorption of acetylene and vinylidene on small iron clusters. Many starting structures were fully optimized without geometric and symmetric constraints for at least three different spin states (numbers of unpaired electrons) using gradient corrected functionals. Vibrational analyses have been performed on all the optimized structures. There is a large number of low-lying electronic states within a window of 50 kJ/mol above the lowest-energy structure for each cluster size and charge state. Various types of coordination and numbers of unpaired electrons are encountered in these electronic states. According to our energetic error bar, all of these states are possible candidates for the ground state of a given complex. Inclusion of corrections beyond the gradient of the density...


The galform semi-analytic model of galaxy formation is used to explore the mechanisms primarily responsible for the three types of galaxies seen in the local universe: bulge, bulge+disc and disc, identified with the visual morphological types E, S0/a-Sbc and Sc-Scd, respectively. With a suitable choice of parameters the galform model can accurately reproduce the observed local K_s-band luminosity function (LF) for galaxies split by visual morphological type. The successful set of model parameters is used to populate the Millennium Simulation with 9.4 million galaxies and their dark matter haloes. The resulting catalogue is then used to explore the evolution of galaxies through cosmic history. The model predictions concur with recent observational results including the galaxy merger rate, the star formation rate and the seemingly antihierarchical evolution of ellipticals. However, the model also predicts significant evolution of the elliptical galaxy LF that is not observed. The discrepancy raises the possibility that samples of z~1 galaxies which have been selected using colour and morphological criteria may be contaminated with galaxies that are not actually ellipticals.


September 2016 Willem M. Kühtreiber, Lam T. Ho, Anwesh Kamireddy, Joseph A.W. Yacoub, David W. Scharp Prodo Laboratories, Inc. Irvine, CA. Until early 2007 Roche Liberase HI had been the standard commercial enzyme preparation for islet cell isolation. At that time, the US FDA issued guidance discouraging the use of enzyme preparations, like Liberase HI, that are manufactured using material derived from bovine brain; which could harbor the infectious agent for transmissible spongiform encephalitis (TSE), for use in clinical islet transplantation. In an effort to better serve these customers, Roche developed a new formulation, Liberase MTF GMP Grade, which is manufactured completely free of components from mammalian or avian tissue sources. We evaluated this product as it was introduced in late 2008, and have since standardized our human islet isolation process on this enzyme preparation and successfully optimized our procedures for its use.


The article examines the Polish readers' response to Eugene Vodolazkin's novel "Laurus" (published in Polish in 2015). To analyze this perception, the author has studied readers' opinions on the Internet and critical reviews. The Polish readers' response to the novel does not fit into Poland's current cultural policy towards Russia. While Russia is represented in Poland not in a good light, there has not been any negative or even low assessment of "Laurus". Most readers emphasize that the novel is understandable in Poland since Russians and Poles have the similar Slavic soul, the same emotionality, and akin worldviews. Having compared the opinions of critics and readers, one can notice a significant difference. The reader seeks in the literary text what is specifically literary and does not regard the work in the light of aesthetics, but rather evaluate it using such categories as personal emotions and impressions. What is important there is satisfaction with the work read, identification with the character, and a chance to get carried away. In turn, critics do not account for the possibility to separate the artistic text from the public context and they explain the aesthetic material taking into account another cultural order.


It has been shown (Eayrs & Taylor, 1951) that the brains of hypothyroid rats grow proportionately less in length than they do in width or height. Eayrs (1953) has suggested that growth changes of the brain may be secondary to a disproportionate growth of brain and endocranium resulting from growth changes in the skull similar to those following hypophysectomy in infancy (Asling, Walker, Simpson, Li & Evans, 1952). In the course of a previous investigation into the effect of thyroid deficiency on brain growth (Horn, 1955) it was noticed that the shape of the skulls of experimental animals, as seen on radiographs, was different from that of the normal controls. The present study was undertaken to investigate in more detail the nature of these changes and to determine the extent to which they parallel those reported to follow hypophysectomy.


Abstract The world is witnessing dramatic changes brought about by Covid-19 and its aftermath, with significant implications for the management of organizations, and hence management studies We argue that the pandemic and its social and economic reverberations are triggering particularly salient challenges for family businesses (FBs) ? the most ubiquitous form of business organization in any world economy ? that call into question some fundamental assumptions at the core of FB research


AbstractAmerican Shad Alosa sapidissima in the Hudson River, New York, and coastwide have shown major long-term declines.  A possible contributing factor is commercial fisheries that harvest this population outside of the Hudson River estuary.  Using previously published and new reference microsatellite data from 33 baseline populations, our goals were (1) to estimate the proportion of Hudson River American Shad contributing to the two remaining major mixed-stock fisheries along the Atlantic coast in Delaware Bay and the Bay of Fundy and (2) to estimate the proportions of other American Shad stocks contributing to these two fisheries at the highest level of stock specificity. Stock composition estimates for 2009 and 2010 Delaware Bay collections were made using three models that ranged from the most simple question (Hudson River and Delaware Bay populations) to one with all 33 baseline populations included.   In all cases, a Hudson River contribution nearly equal to that of the Delaware Bay contribution w...


Objective To study the effects of acetaldehyde and Kupffer cell-conditioned medium(KCCM) derived from acetaldehyde treatment on activation of rat hepatic stellate cells(HSCs).Methods HSCs and Kupffer cells were isolated from livers of Wistar rats by in situ perfusion with pronase and collagenase and density gradient centrifugation with Nycodenz and then cultured.KCCM was prepared and MTT colorimetric assay was used to detect HSCs proliferation.The amounts of type Ⅳ collagen and laminin secreted by HSCs in the HSCs-conditioned medium were measured by radioimmunoassay.Results HSCs and Kupffer cells were isolated with high purity.Acetaldehyde and KCCM derived from acetaldehyde treatment might significantly promote HSCs proliferation and collagen type Ⅳ secretion by HSCs were markedly enhanced by the acetaldehyde.Conclusions The technique for isolation of HSCs and Kupffer cells described here is simple and reliable.Acetaldehyde may promote HSCs activation and be associated with alcoholic hepatic fibrogenesis,though acetaldehyde could not promote HSCs activation by stimulating Kupffer directly.


The present invention relates to a hearing aid adapted to reduce tinnitus user (75) (62,72,82,92,102,112), said hearing aid comprising audio input means (83), a signal processing unit (88,98,108 , 118) and an output transducer (80), wherein said hearing aid further comprises a band-stop filter (87), which is arranged to match the user's tinnitus, and the hearing aid (62,72,82,92, 102, 112) further includes a switching means (86,116) and the switching control means (84,114) for a predetermined triggering event to control the band stop filter into and out of the audio input means (response 83) the signal path between the transducer (80) and the output. The present invention further provides a method for adjusting a hearing aid.


The IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society (AP-S) awards up to six $1000 pre-doctoral scholarships and up to ten $2500 PhD fellowships each year to encourage students to pursue a career in the area of electromagnetics. The awards are intended to support students involved in research directed by a faculty member at their institution who is a member of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society (AP-S). Two award competitions are held each year.


This thesis investigates the possibilities of finding solutions, in order to reduce the total time spent for testing and waiting times for running multiple automated test cases in a test framework. ...


A primary study on factors affecting the treatment of soybean wastewater using photosynthetic bacteria which contains Rhodopseudomonas palustris and others was conducted. The optimal operating conditions were selected as follows: aerobically in darkness, pH=8, bacteric concentration 70% and higher concentration of wastewater(COD cr ≈12 g/L). Under these conditions the COD cr reduction reached 84 0% for treatment in 72 h.


Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a disorder of the microvasculature that is characterized by an exaggerated physiological response triggered by cold and/or emotional stress, in particular.24 Other triggering factors include emotional stress, prolonged use of digits, medications (ie, betablockers), smoking, vibration/traumarelated injury, and arterial diseases (ie, vasculitis).2,3 In most cases, an underlying condition/disease (ie, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis) is absent. This idiopathic condition, caused by functional changes in blood vessels and/or their innervation, is regarded as primary RP.3 In patients with RP, a comprehensive overview is necessary to differentiate between primary and secondary RP, because the treatment and prognosis may differ.4 General/lifestyle measures such as avoiding cold, keeping warm, and cessation of smoking are essential in the management of RP. Drug therapies can be considered in patients with an insufficient response to nondrug measures.3,4 Pharmacological options are usually started at the lowest possible dose. In case of inefficiency and if there is no significant adverse effect, gradual increase of the dose is recommended. Pharmacological treatment of RP varies and includes topical agents (topical nitrates), oral medications (ie, angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors, calciumchannel blockers, selective serotonin receptor inhibitors), and intravenous therapies (intravenous prostanoids, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors).4 Cold avoidance and stress reduction alone can efficiently treat the majority of individuals with primary RP.5 A limited number of drugs are available for primary RP.1 Most studies have evaluated RP in the context of underlying diseases and pharmacological options, which may have different levels of effectiveness in primary RP.1 A Cochrane review update1 focused on primary RP regarding pharmacological treatment with vasodilators.


The electrochemical properties of Ba1.0-xCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ(B1-xCFN,x=0,0.05,0.10) as a desirable novel cathode material for intermediate solid oxide fuel cells(IT-SOFCs) were investigated.Symmetrical fuel cells with GDC as electrolyte,using simultaneously the same materials B1-xCFN or La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ(LSCF) as both anode and cathode,were prepared and the polarization resistance Rp of B1-xCFN||GDC||B1-xCFN and LSCF||GDC||LSCF symmetrical cells in air were evaluated with an electrochemical work station;afterwards the anode-supported single cells with B1-xCFN and LSCF cathode were prepared respectively,and their performance were tested.The results show that the Rp of B1-xCFN(x=0,0.05,0.10) accounts for 10.52%,7.72% and 4.33% of that of LSCF at 500 ℃;and the Rp of B1-xCFN(x=0,0.05,0.10) accounts for 66.62%,51.49% and 42.76% of that of LSCF at 650 ℃;besides,performance of anode-supported single cells with B1-xCFN cathode are much better than that of cells with LSCF cathode during 500-650 ℃,B1-xCFN cathode displays excellent oxygen catalytic effects,which indicates B1-xCFN is a potential cathode material for SOFC operated at low or intermediate temperatures.


This supplement contains our reworking of Neyman's calculations. It is important to note that, although our proofs may not be technically elegant, they are designed to reveal explicitly the errors of Neyman (1935). A.1 Randomized Complete Block Designs Consider N blocks and T treatments, with each block having T experimental units, and treatments randomized to experimental units independently across blocks. We define W ij (t) = 1 if unit j in block i is assigned treatment t, 0 otherwise. x ij (t) = X ij (t) + ij (t), where X ij (t) ∈ R is an unknown constant and ij (t) ∼ [0, σ 2 ] are iid and independent of treatment indicators W = {W ij (t)}. The potential outcomes are decomposed into x ij (t) = ¯ X ·· (t) + B i (t) + η ij (t) + ij (t), where B i (t) = ¯ X i· (t) − ¯ X ·· (t), η ij (t) = X ij (t) − ¯ X i· (t). Define y i (t) as the observed response of the unit assigned treatment t in block i, y i (t) = T j=1 W ij (t)x ij (t),


Contents: Preface First thoughts on knowledge and liberation Impermanence, not-self and suffering Thorough knowledge versus deficient understanding Moral knowledge and the Buddhist path Buddhist anti-realism Buddhist scepticism Mysticism and ineffability Compassion, faith and human fallibility Bibliography Index.


This document specifies a new Protocol Independent Multicast interface which does not need PIM Hello to accept PIM Join/Prunes or PIM Asserts. Abstract Multicast-only Fast Reroute (MoFRR) has been defined in [RFC7431], but the selection of the secondary multicast next hop only according to the loop-free alternate fast reroute, which has restrictions in multicast deployments. This document describes a mechanism for Multicast-only Fast Reroute by using Topology Independent Loop-free Alternate fast reroute, which is independent of network topology and can achieve covering more network environments. Abstract This document specifies the Static Provision of Multicast route as an alternate to Layer 3 Multicast protocols like PIM-SM (Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode), PIM SSM (Source-Specific Multicast), or PIM BIDI (Bidirectional). Unlike the other Multicast Routing protocols, this feature does not depend on Unicast Routing Protocols to build the Multicast tree. It works like a standalone Multicast Route provisioning feature that can interoperate with other dynamic Multicast protocols like PIM-SM or with L2 protocols like IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) and MLD (Multicast Listener Discovery).


The genealogy archives are the most important,the longest and the real original records and history certificates about the formation and development of our special ethical country,and they are typical representatives of Chinese archival culture.From the Dynasty of Xia to Qing,the Imperial Kinsmen Genealogy in every dynasties had been the archival certificates for the reign,and the family genealogies in the families of dukes and bureaucrats were indispensable archives in ethic bureaucratic system in China.Beginning in the Dynasty of Song,the genealogy archives became more popular in all people,which was the result of need for governing the society when the clan power was strengthened.As the archives of family and clan,the family genealogies are typical representatives of all kinds of folk archives and embodies of populace archives.


On the other hand, the theory and practice of Highly Diluted solutions (HD) is based on the interaction of the energy emitted by the HD with living things. To explain this interaction, which is clinically verified, there are several hypotheses, but so far there is no consensus on this issue. Some of these are based on the emission of electromagnetic fields by HD [2]. For this reason, homeopathic practitioners advise patients not to place drugs close to electromagnetic field sources, because the drugs could lose their therapeutic properties [3, 4].


Leptospirosis continues to have major impacts on people of developing countries with inestimable morbidity and mortality. As current leptospirosis vaccination is relatively unsuccessful, development of efficacious vaccines through novel means became utmost priority for prevention of frequent outbreaks of the disease. Herein, MHC class II restricted peptide epitopes were identified from pathogenic leptospiral membrane proteins to suggest T-cell epitope driven leptospirosis vaccines through reverse vaccinology. The proteome of Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai was screened to select 137 membrane proteins. Jemboss Antigenic server was employed to find antigenic peptides, followed by ProPred analysis to predict 30 short peptides having strong binding affinity with HLA DRB1*0101, DRB1*0401 and DRB1*1501 alleles. Predictions were revised to pick antigenic peptides with same core region binding with the selected HLA- DRB1 alleles and ten such peptides were found from seven proteins. Further, to confirm the interaction at structure level, Leptospira excinuclease ABC subunit B protein having short T-cell antigenic peptide (133- REDVVIVSSVSCIYGLG-149) was modeled using Modeller9v7. The model reliability was evaluated through Procheck, ProSA and ProQ. Docking calculations for selected HLA DRB1 alleles (receptor) and modeled Leptospira excinuclease ABC subunit B protein (ligand) were carried out using Hex 5.1. The protein -protein interaction revealed that the core region (136-VVIVSSVSC-144) of the antigenic peptide (133- REDVVIVSSVSCIYGLG-149) was well interacting with the receptors. Through the reverse vaccinology approach and docking studies, the short antigenic peptide 133-REDVVIVSSVSCIYGLG-149 of Leptospira excinuclease ABC subunit B is proposed as a potential novel T-cell driven subunit vaccine against


Insights in Public Health is a monthly solicited column from the public health community and is coordinated by HJMPH Contributing Editors Tetine L. Sentell PhD from the Office of Public Health Studies at John A. Burns School of Medicine and Donald Hayes MD, MPH from the Hawai'i Department of Health in collaboration with HJMPH Associate Editors Tonya Lowery St. John MPH and Lance K. Ching PhD, MPH from the Hawai'i Department of Health. The Importance of Considering Educational Inequity and Health Literacy to Understand Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities


579 THYROID NODULES AND PREGNANCY Adaptation of the thyroid gland during pregnancy Many physiologic changes involving the thyroid gland occur during pregnancy. Iodine requirements increase due to the elevated renal iodine clearance, iodine transfer to the fetal compartment, augmented levels of serum T4-binding globulin, and inner-ring deiodination of T4 and T3 exerted by placenta (1). These changes are associated with an increase of thyroid hormones production by about 1.5-fold and an increase in iodine requirements by about 50% with a consequent augmented thyroid activity (1).


This paper introduced the advances on the chemical components, pharmacological action and clinical applicatons of Gryllotalpa of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. To provide conference for its exploiting and application.


FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to a household electric device, such as steam iron or coffee maker. Such electric device comprises a jacket, water tank, actuator, for example plunger pump and boiler to provide hot water or steam for electric device. Plunger pump inlet is connected with reservoir for water, plunger pump outlet is connected to inlet of the boiler. During operation of the plunger pump performs back-and-forth movement at mains frequency. Operating plunger pumps vibration is created, which are transmitted casing and transmitted casing into environment, which cause sounds and noise, which are not favorable for the user and the environment. EFFECT: to reduce sound caused by these vibrations, household electric appliance comprises two plate springs, arranged on opposite sides of the actuator for actuator displacement in direction opposite to direction of movement of the drive element. 8 cl, 3 dwg


Abstract The oxide film formed on type 304 stainless steel (SS, UNS S30400) in high-temperature, high-purity water containing oxygen (O2), hydrogen (H2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was analyzed b...


[Abstract]: Sport event tourism is a huge and growing global industry with important economic implications for both the sport, the event and the impact of travel and tourism related benefits on host destinations. Research within the tourism and event marketing fields reveal an abundance of studies on motivation and satisfaction (Crompton 1979; Dann 1977; Uysal & Jurwoski 1994; Gnoth 1992; Wann & Branscombe. However there is a lack of research into what motivates consumers to become sport event tourists and whether these motivations differ from the traditional sport consumption, tourism or event marketing literature. This paper synthesises the consumer motivation literature from three fields; tourism, events and sports spectating. It further provides a proposal for future research which advocates the testing of a new set of motivational variables and eventual identification of a sport event tourist typology.


Soybean meal is a major source of protein in diets for monogastrics throughout the world, but its use for certain species is limited by the presence of a wide variety of anti-nutritional factors. While the growth-depressing effect of heat labile anti-nutritional factors in soybeans can be mostly overcome by processing, heat stable anti-nutritional factors, such as non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and oligosaccharides, are not eliminated. Raw soybean meal contains about 30% carbohydrates: approximately 20% NSP and 10% oligosaccharides. Identifying soybean varieties with low levels of NSP and oligosaccharides would increase the potential for soybeans as an alternative protein source for monogastrics. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a tool to predict chemical composition of various feed ingredients. Rapid assessment of feed ingredients enables accurate feed formulation and can be used by plant breeders to select new cultivars. While NIR spectroscopy has traditionally been used to predict gross chemical content of feed ingredients, limited information exists on the use of NIR spectroscopy to predict carbohydrate composition. To our knowledge, no published papers address the efficacy of NIR to predict the content of complex carbohydrates in soybeans. Thus, a study was carried out to evaluate different soybean varieties by the use of NIR as a rapid screening method to predict content of complex carbohydrates of soybeans.


Background: Quarantine, social distancing, and restricted movement and social interaction due to the eoronavinis disease (COVID-19) have been reported reduce physical activity across several countries. However, few studies have evaluated the changes in physical activity patterns before and after COVID-19 among people with disabilities. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate how physical activity participation has changed during COVID-19 among people with disabilities in South Korea. Methods: This study was conducted among 3871 persons with disabilities, aged 10-69 years, who participated in the 2020 Sports Survey for the Disabled conducted by the Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism in March 2020. This survey collected data regarding participants' demographic characteristics (age, gender, etc.) and disability along with the type of physical activity (intensity, frequency, time, etc.), method (facilities, home training, classes/lectures, club), and type (swimming, resistance training, walking and jogging, etc.) of participation in physical activity before and after COVID-19. A chi-squared frequency test was performed to confirm the difference in the ratio of participation frequency, time, intensity, and method and type of physical activity before and after COVID-19. Results: After the COVID-19 outbreak, the frequency, duration, and intensity of physical activity of people with disabilities were reduced compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, in terms of physical activity participation method, attendance of classes, lectures, and clubs decreased, while physical activity at home increased. In participation types of physical activity, participation in walking and jogging, gymnastics, mountain climbing, and cycling increased, whereas swimming, weight training, and other activities decreased. Conclusion: Public health guidelines and social distancing due to COVID-19 have reduced the frequency, duration, and intensity of physical activity, while changing the types and methods of participation in physical activity for people with disabilities. Therefore, public health support to promote adherence to physical activity should be needed.


As applied to the problem of noise reduction of reactive jets in aviation engines, an investigation of the effect of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) on velocity and static pressure pulsations was performed. The discharge was created inside an axisymmetrical subsonic nozzle near the nozzle exit section. The investigation was carried out in the jet formed by the nozzle at jet speeds of 80‐135 m/s. The data describing the DBD effect on the distribution of the average velocity at the nozzle exit, on the spectra of the velocity and pulsations, and also on the transformation of such an effect as long as we move from the nozzle section, are presented.


We examine the autocorrelation function of the $^{235}$U(n,f) reaction with a view to quantify the presence of intermediate structure in the cross section. Fluctuations due to compound nucleus resonances on the eV energy scale are clearly visible up to $\sim100$ keV neutron energies. Structure on the one-keV energy scale is not present as a systematic feature of the correlation function, although it is present in the data covering the region around 20 keV.


This paper presents a LED driver circuit based on single-stage Flyback converter with power factor correction. Voltage following control and Nonlinear carrier control are applied to constant current mode Flyback converter which is combined with constant current driver technique. By designing the outer loop to stabilize the output voltage and the inner loop to shape input current waveform, that makes the system achieve unity power factor. The circuit doesn't need an expensive multiplier as classical multiplier control. To verify the performance, the proposed circuit was confirmed by simulation and experiment. From the results, the proposed system shows high power factor with 0.96 and constant current output.


Protoplasts of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae were transformed to benomyl resistance using cosmid pSV50 which harbours a β-tubulin gene cloned from a Neurospora crassa benomyl-resistant mutant. Transformant colonies, which appeared at a frequency of 4 per 50 μg DNA, grew and sporulated on 10 μg/ml benomyl, whereas the wild type was inhibited by 3 μg/ml. Southern blot hybridization of DNA from transformants showed that, in each case, tandem repeats of the cosmid had integrated at several chromosomal loci. The transformants were mitotically stable when subcultured on non-selective agar and retained the ability to infect and kill larvae of Manduca sexta. Two transformants were less virulent than the wild type and one of them showed slower in vitro spore germination. The benomyl-resistant phenotype persisted in reisolates from insect cadavers.


The development of active power filters has followed a path of incremental advancement since the first installation of a passive tuned filter in the mid 1940's, [1]. The signal processing required to generate reference signals has also developed in an incremental way. The most common mechanisms presented in current literature involve the use of either Instantaneous Reactive Power (IRP), [2-4], or Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF), [5-8], based filters. These filters use mathematical transformations to convert the sinusoidal quantities found in three phase systems into DC quantities, which are much more easily filtered and processed (eg PI controllers work well with DC quantities). Quantities in the three phase system are referred to as stationary frame quantities, and the transformed DC quantities are referred to as synchronous frame. An example of this transformation process for an all-pass harmonic controller is illustrated in Figure 1. The synchronous rotations require sine and cosine terms synchronous with the supply frequency and this increases computational complexity. More recent work has explored the relationship between stationary frame and synchronous frame, [9,10]. This allows filters to be implemented directly in the stationary frame, which mimic exactly the SRF filters. Classical control techniques are used to develop these filters from the SRF implementations, but the process is laborious.


The systemization of Chinese geology represents the general mode of modern science and technology being transplanted into China. This paper, based on the returned students' activities, discusses the process of the systemization of recent Chinese geology, by means of the historical materials of Chinese geology of quantitative and qualitative analysis, including the research establishment's construction and the professional institute. As a result, the paper speaks highly of the returned students' great contribution.


Various sizes of gold nanoparticles covered with photochromic diarylethene polymers (Au-poly(DE)s) were prepared by Brust's method, citrate reduction, or a seeding growth method. The diarylethene polymers on the particles exhibited reversible photochromism upon alternating irradiation with ultraviolet and visible light, both in solution and in the solid state. Au-poly(DE) of larger size, prepared by the seeding growth method, showed a significant shift in the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band photoreversibly as a result of photochromic reaction of the diarylethene polymers around the gold nanoparticles. This change is due to a change in the refractive index of the photochromic chromophore and is remarkably enhanced in the solid state. However, the smaller sized Au-poly(DE) prepared by Brust's method hardly showed any such spectral shift. These results are qualitatively reproduced by a theoretical simulation, which indicates that the sensitivity of the LSPR band strongly depends on the particle s...


Capnography provides a graphical representation of the CO$_{\mathbf{2}}$ concentration in the exhaled gases. There are different methods that are used to extract time domain features of capnogram. However, those methods are manual and only suitable for normal and asthmatic capnograms. Frequency domain method is mostly used to analyze physiological signals, by assuming that those signals are stationary. Note that numerous physiological phenomena are characterized by dynamical properties. Identifying the nature of the signal is a preliminary stage which can enable to select suitable signal processing method. In this study, stationarity of capnogram signal was tested by analyzing statistical characteristics of the time series of the carbon dioxide samples recorded from normal subjects, and patients with complaint of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary edema. Analysis of the spectral components of capnogram was performed using Fourier transform. The results show that there is a slight change in the statistical properties of the time series. Suggesting that capnogram can be considered as a quasi-stationary signal. Besides, analysis of capnogram based on the number of main lobes and side lobes can help to examine how changes in the spectral properties of capnogram relates to the respiratory status of the person, which can subsequentially help to discriminate normal from abnormal capnograms, and thus classify different respiratory diseases. This study may provide the key insight while identifying the proper signal processing method to analyze capnogram waveform.


The transformation of the ICF disease and health concept and biomedical based on to the bio psycho social environment of medical model theory, This paper describes the age-related diseases and expounds rehabilitation from the individual, social and environmental aspects.


Introduction: The purpose of this retrospective study is to compare the outcomes of low velocity gunshot fractures of the forearm treated with minimal debridement and locked bridge plating to patients treated with formal debridement and conventional plating. Materials and Methods: A 10 year IRB approved retrospective review of our national trauma database was conducted. Initial treatment consisted of wound care and sterile dressing. Forearm radiographs were acquired to determine bony involvement. All patients received intravenous antibiotics upon presentation to the emergency department and for a minimum of forty-eight hours after admission or operative intervention. Patients were placed into two categories of operative or nonoperative treatment. Those placed into operative treatment were further divided into the subcategories of formal debridement and plating or minimal debridement and plating. Results: 94 patients were included in the study. 29 were treated nonoperatively and 65 were treated operatively. Of those 65, 30 underwent minimal debridement and bridge plating and 35 were treated with formal debridement and bridge plating. All patient radiographs displayed fracture healing at latest follow-up with no evidence of infection or osteomyelitis. Nerve injuries were found among 15 patients and vascular injuries were present in 7. Conclusions: Both methods of irrigation and debridement resulted in reliable osseous union with no instances of osteomyelitis. These results suggest that immediate locked bridge plating with minimal debridement is a suitable option for the treatment of forearm fractures following low velocity gunshot injuries.


This paper explores multilingual hospital encounters in which medical professionals and patients do not speak the same language, and where interpreting is facilitated through the use of video technology. The participants use video technology to create an interactional space for interpreting. While video technology affords the participants visual access to each other, and the participants may use embodied actions in interaction, participants in interaction do not necessarily organise their interactional space in ways that secure congruent views of each other. While the participants' incongruent views of each other may cause problems in the organisation of interaction, the participants rarely discuss the visual setting. This article explores how the participants orient to the visual materiality of the setting and how they use the visual ecology they create, in and through the interaction, in order to achieve the multilingual activity of interpreting in hospital encounters.


Applications of biotechnology in drug delivery and medical instrumentation and energy storage have been gaining popularity. Especially, utilization of biotechnology for energy storage is attracting attention due to its environmentally friendly nature and cost efficiency. In this project, a filamentous bacteriophage, M13, to fabricate metal oxide battery electrodes. M13 phage is 6.5 nm wide and 800 nm long, and can act as a template to produce nano-sized metal oxide particles. A method to prepare manganese oxide electrodes was developed, where the phage is integrated with the oxide into a nanocomposite. The composite material was used to make a high capacity electrode for lithium ion batteries. The M13 templated manganese oxide, Mn3O4, could deliver a high initial capacity of 766 mAh/g, and recorded a stabilized discharge capacity of ~800 mAh/g even after 60 cycles.