Learning to weld in vocational education is an action research project and its purpose is to meet the demand of research regarding the relation between teaching and learning in technical vocational education. In the research project the welding education at an upper secondary vocational school in Sweden is video-recorded in iterative cycles. The two theoretical perspectives conversation analysis and variation theory are combined and a new didactic approach is formed – CAVTA (Conver-sation Analysis and Variation Theory Approach). CAVTA permeates the complete process of the study, where analytic tools deriving from the two theoretical perspectives have been used in the design of the teaching and in the data analysis. Learning to weld in vocational education is inspired by the learning study method but the traditional pre- and post tests have been re-moved. This paper focuses the second year of Learning to weld in vocational education, developing previously published material. The systematic implementation of CAVTA into welding education is in focus. The research question is formulated: How can the didactic approach CAVTA be implemented in TIG welding education? Preliminary results of the second year of the study confirm the results of the first year. The implementation of CAVTA affects the design of the welding lessons and the evaluation of the lessons. The vocational teachers' discussions concentrate on subject specific issues. There is an increased focus on the object of learning with its critical aspects. The discussions about how to design the teaching to make the critical aspects discernable result in adjustment of the welding lessons. The systematic teacher and student interactions, including other semiotic resources than verbal language, gradually increase throughout the cycles. The main implications of the paper concern the forms of teaching subject specific contents within welding education. Nevertheless, the results of the second year of Learning to weld in vocational education , may spur development of the teaching of other objects of learning. The project also contributes with knowledge in other fields, such as theoretical framework and methodology, with its combination of conversation analysis and variation theory. The collaboration between researchers and a team of vocational teachers might be of interest to anyone interested in professional development.


It discloses capable of reducing the possibility of the presence or absence of a recognition error or SRS SRS transmission resources between the base station and the terminal, thereby preventing deterioration of system throughput of the communication apparatus and a sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission method. In the terminal (200), a reception processing unit (203) detects indicates whether to request the control information transmitting sounding reference signal (SRS), the transmission signal forming unit (207) using a control based on the control transmission control unit information (206) to send A-SRS. Transmission control unit (206) transmits on the "SRS transmission execution rule" trigger received status information and determines whether to perform SRS. For example, the "SRS transmission execution rule" means within the effective period, SRS is transmitted in accordance with the detected first trigger information includes information indicating allocation of the control information transmission request.


OBJECTIVE To understand the clinical laboratory of hospital medical personnel hand health status,preventive inspection personnel to be infected,and ensure medical safety to achieve the bidirectional protection purposes.METHODS A questionnaire survey,on-site supervision,and medical personnel hand hygiene monitoring were performed.RESULTS Before improvement,medical personnel hand hygiene compliance was only 21.67%.A pass rate of hand hygiene monitoring was 64.76%.After the rectification,the compliance increased to 70%,and the qualified rate of hygiene monitoring was 93.22%.CONCLUSION By different forms of hand hygiene promotion,it is necessary for prevention hospital infection by strengthening training and supervision,making awareness for every medical staff about the toilet hygiene in hospital infection,rising prevention consciousness,developing good habits in the medical activity in conscious hand or hand sanitizer,and removing the bacteria in hand.


Educational administration is a rich domain of scholarship and practice, but one subject rarely discussed is its dark side. This study explored the question: What types of maladministration occur in schooling systems? The goal was to develop findings to inform existing prevention strategies. Focused on the Canadian context, data sources included 64 reports from disciplinary hearings of administrators in the Provinces of Ontario and British Columbia, complemented with other publicly available sources such as news stories. Findings indicated only a small minority of populations of administrators were subjected to disciplinary investigations and sanctions, but the targeted misconduct was often severe. Analysis revealed eight dimensions of maladministration, with sexual misconduct against students and financial transgressions being the most frequent. Academic dishonesty in the context of standardized testing and gendered patterns of maladministration also stood out. A typology emerged that highlighted the main forms of misconduct and negative leader behaviours against which schooling communities should bolster defences. When populated with data on the frequencies of acts of maladministration, the typology can help schooling communities to establish prevention priorities. The data in this study supports making the issues of sexual misconduct and the duty to report sexual abuse central to any planned interventions in the leadership system.


INTRODUCTION To date, publications concerning crossbreeding of Gabali rabbits with standard breeds (e.g. Spanish V-line) in Saudi Arabia are not available. V-line has proved to be advantageous to standard California and New Zealand White for daily gain in Egypt. Gabali rabbits raised under the Saudi desert conditions are characterized by a large litter size of 8 10 young and heavy body weight of 3.2 3.8 kg. The objective of the present paper was to estimate direct (G) and maternal (G) additive effects, direct (H) and maternal (H) heterosis and direct recombination effects (R) for body weights, rectal and ear temperatures and respiration rates in a crossbreeding project involving Saudi Gabali and V-line rabbits.


The environmental adaptability of ANCT-2A and ANCT-2B composite adsoobing coatings was studied by simulated accelerated tests according to service environments.The results show that the enrironmental adaptability of ANCT-2A is better than that of ANCT-2B.It is also indicated that fast selection of composite adsorbing coatings is feasible by simulating the servic enrironments and designing a proper accelerated test.


There is nothing mysterious about punctuation. It is based upon simple principles. The "rules" which one can find in all sorts of books are usually true enough, but they tend to make the matter seem unnecessarily complicated, and they do not show why they are true. The more practical approach is to consider certain typical situations and what they naturally require. The important thing, of course, is good sentence-structure. What correct punctuation does is to keep that structure unmistakably clear for the innocent reader who does not know what is coming.


Teacher education has been appreciated by more and more people. Textbook is one of the most important factors on the quality of teacher education. Facing the demands and challenges from the reform of teacher education and the development of basic education, we insist on emphasizing methods and rational practice as our guide, construct the textbook structure with two lines that are knowledge and methods of thinking, and follow the principles such as "driving by problems", "conducting by methods", "explanation by cases", when we compile the textbook.


A series of complexes (bpy)2LRu(II) and (Ph2bpy)2LRu(II), where bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine, Ph2bpy is 4,4′-diphenyl-2,2′-bipyridine and L is 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), [1]benzothieno[2,3-c][1,10]phenanthroline (btp), naphtho[1′,2′ : 5,4]thieno[2,3-c][1,10]phenanthroline [ntpl, l=linear], and naphtho[1′,2′ : 4,5]thieno[2,3-c][1,10]phenanthroline (ntph, h=helical) were synthesized and characterized using 2D COSY NMR spectra. The UV spectra were assigned to study their metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states. Complexes of (bpy)2LRu(II) showed identical absorption wavelengths (λ max) for the MLCT of all four members of the series with the only variation being the intensity (log ε ) for each. The MLCT of (Ph2bpy)2LRu(II) showed the similar behavior only with different wavelengths showing that in this heteroleptic series of complexes the MLCT is exclusively to the bpy ligands with none to thienophenanthroline (btp, ntpl, or ntph).


The article proves the necessity of designing of pedagogical systems on полипарадигмальной basis, related to the analysis and generalization of the basic points of view on the essence, classification and requirements for the design of pedagogical conditions as educational and professional environment; educational and professional space is viewed as part of the educational and professional environment.


Abstract:This review will focus on published human studies on oxidative stress and DNA damage in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, assessing their role in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Search was performed over PubMed and ScienceDirect databases to identify relevant bibliography, using keywords including "oxidative stress," "DNA damage," "IBD," and "oxidative DNA damage." Whether as cause or effect, mechanisms underlying oxidative stress have the potential to condition the course of various pathologies, particularly those driven by inflammatory scenarios. IBDs are chronic inflammatory relapsing conditions. Oxidative stress has been associated with some of the characteristic clinical features exhibited in IBD, namely tissue injury and fibrosis, and also to the ulcerative colitis–associated colorectal cancer. The possible influence of oxidative stress over therapeutic behavior and response, as well as their contribution to the oxidative burden and consequences, is also addressed. Due to the high prevalence and incidence of IBD worldwide, and also to its associated morbidity, complications, and disease and treatment costs, it is of paramount importance to better understand the pathophysiology of these diseases.


Accurate localization of acoustic sources in high noise and reverberation environment is a problem for traditional source localization algorithm.This paper proposes a novel acoustic source localization algorithm for microphone array——Minimum Entropy-stochastic Region Contraction(ME-SRC).The algorithm shows that acoustic source with Laplace distribution can be developed to estimate time delays between microphones on a basis of ME and SRC is used to localize the acoustic source in search space.Results show that the proposed ME-SRC algorithm is much more robust than GCC-PHAT in noise and reverberation environment.


The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence of the effect of independence, professional expertise, work motivation, work experience and level of education on the performance of cooperative supervisors in Klungkung District. This research was carried out in all cooperatives in Klungkung District. The population is 126 supervisors. The number of samples taken was 66 supervisors with a purposive sampling method. Data collection is done through surveys and questionnaires. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. Based on the results of the analysis it was found that independence, professional expertise, work motivation, work experience and education level simultaneously had a positive effect on supervisor performance. Partially that independence, professional expertise, work motivation, work experience and level of education also influence the performance of supervisors.
Keywords: Independence, professional proficiency, motivation


The possibility of attaining high temperature density plasma by passing a high current through a thin wire or fibre has long been recognized. In the paper experiment, another concept is prosed to produce the composite pinch configuration. Rather than the external injection of an additional plasma cylinder, an additional surface coating on the thin fibre is used. By the application of a controlled preheat current, this surface coating is then vaporised to form the additional plasma jacket over the fibre. Different coating methodologies were explored and the resulting plasma structure studied. (AIP)


In a newly introduced elective course of Wind Engineering, an analysis was carried out to investigate the relationship between students' class attendance and their likely performance before and after the course. During the study, class attendance was not mandatory and its records were noted without the knowledge of the students. Course material contents were uploaded online for students' access, of which the statistics of the access frequency were also track recorded. Results have indicated that students with likely high performance before the course are associated with higher class attendance. They would not access online course materials as much as the low attendance group, but they generally would achieve better performance afterwards. For the group who come to class less often, they are seen to attain relatively lower grades in academic performance. However, their performance is shown to improve with their frequency to access lecture materials online.


Two varieties, JS-80-21 and Bragg were treated with 0.2% and 0.4% EMS and were studied in M1 and M2 generation with an objective to induce genetic variability and to isolate useful mutants. The increased variability was observed for most of the quantitative characters. Visible mutants viz., chlorophyll, late flowering, taU, dwarf, densely foliated, branched, single poded etc. were isolated with various frequencies, High yielding mutant was isolated from JS-BO-21 treated with 0.4% EMS. The mutant needs to be observed forits breeding behaviour in M3. The mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency was higher in Bragg than JS-BO-21.


2042-PO A Mixed Methods Approach to Identifying Strong Practices in ICU Hypoglycemia SUSAN KIRSH, SHARON WATTS, LAUREN STEVENSON, MERCEDES FALCIGLIA, MARTA RENDER, Cleveland, OH, Cincinnati, OH Patients with hypoglycemia (glucose < X) in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) experience increased morbidity and mortality. This observational study characterizes clinical practices associated with hypoglycemia rates (HYPO; # days with glucose < 60 mg/dL / Total number of days on insulin) in Veteran Administration (VA) ICUs using the national database of the VA Inpatient Evaluation Center (IPEC) and a mixed-methods approach. We ranked all VA ICUs (n=143) according to prevalence of hypoglycemia, conducted semistructured telephone interviews (n=17 sites) and site visits (n=5) with high and low performing sites to identify "strong" practices at patient, practice team and organizational levels. We found variation in ICU hypoglycemia rates (ranged from 4 to 10%); use of nurse driven protocols (94.1%); staff training in the use of protocols addressing both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia (88.2%), comprehensive teams with real-time evaluation of hypoglycemia (23.5%); and nurse to nurse counseling for hypoglycemia avoidance (17.6%). Few sites used technology such as a smart pump (17.6%) or had a glucose meter at every bedside (5.9%) with inconsistent carbohydrate diets for most patients able to eat. Two sites utilized sliding scale insulin only, one site reported not having a hypoglycemia protocol and one site reported that nurses were required to call physicians when patients had HYPO. We found no distinction in use of strong practices (identifi ed a priori) between high and low performing sites. Among the potential explanations for this fi nding include small sample size, a change in guidelines and practices during the study's time period, and differences in treatment rates of hyperglycemia. Of note, adverse drug events related to insulin were the subject of national improvement projects both within and outside VA. Supported by: VA HSR&D


The present work is concerned with a very recently proposed heat conduction model—an exact heat conduction model with a delay term for an anisotropic and inhomogeneous material—and some important theorems within this theory. A generalized thermoelasticity theory was proposed based on the heat conduction law with three phase-lag effects for the purpose of considering the delayed responses in time due to the micro-structural interactions in the heat transport mechanism. However, the model defines an ill-posed problem in the Hadamard sense. Subsequently, a proposal was made to reformulate this constitutive equation of heat conduction theory with a single delay term and the spatial behavior of the solutions for this theory have been investigated. A Phragmen–Lindelof type alternative was obtained and it has been shown that the solutions either decay in an exponential way or blow-up at infinity in an exponential way. The obtained results are extended to a thermoelasticity theory by considering the Taylor series approximation of the equation of heat conduction to the delay term and a Phragmen–Lindelof type alternative was obtained for the forward and backward in time equations. In the present work, we consider the basic equations concerning this new theory of thermoelasticity for an anisotropic and inhomogeneous material and make an attempt to establish some important theorems in this context. A uniqueness theorem has been established for an anisotropic body. An alternative characterization of the mixed initial-boundary value problem is formulated and a variational principle as well as a reciprocity principle is established.


In this paper, the terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) technology is used to study the terahertz (THz) spectral characteristics of the Yungang Grottoes weathered material samples winch collected from No. 4, 9 and 39 these three different caves dug in different periods, A.D.520, A.D.494 and A.D. 484 years. The available effective wave band is between 0.2-2.6 THz. It is found that the transmission coefficient is high in low frequency region but low in high frequency region for all of the three kinds of samples. Experimental results also indicate that all of the samples have weak absorption in low frequency region, but the absorption coefficient increase quickly by exponential function as the frequency increasing. This character is more obvious especially for the absorption spectrum of the samples from the cave of late period. The refraction coefficient for the three kinds of samples has obvious differences in the whole THz wave band. The mean refraction coefficient of them is 1.53, 1.57 and 1.51 separately. According the results above, different periods of caves weathered samples can be identified. In addition, we can also offer the various optic constant of Yungang Grottoes samples in THz wave band for other studies work.


A butterfly-packaged, monolithically integrated DFB with electroabsorption modulator is used for repeaterless transmission of 10 Gbit/s NRZ over 107 km standard singlemode fibre, with a total dispersion of 1800 ps/nm. The transmission is nondispersion-limited. A single optical fibre amplifier is used, for boosting the power and for simultaneously generating dispersion compensation


After the Beijing Olympic Games,the debate on the problem what is the correct direction of developing competitive sports continues to surge.This article supposes that we can not restrain the further development of competitive sports for the reason that the current mass sports development falls far behind the competitive sports.It suggest that we should continue to promote its prosperity and operate a series of measures to improve their condition according to its shortage.At the present stage,competitive sports have a prominent strategic significance and play an irreplaceable role in increasing our cohesion and enhancing the national spirit,etc.In order to overcome the current lack of competitive sports,we should base on the strategies of the updated concept of the national competition,the reform of competition management system,changing the way of athletes training and so forth.


INTRODUCTION: Folate is a methylating agent which can reduce the aggressiveness of gliomas by remethylating genes involved in proliferation and apoptosis. Folate is a potential therapeutic treatment for cancer. It can be found naturally as Folinic Acid, or in the synthetic form Folic Acid, and can cross the blood brain barrier. Methylation is a useful target as it is an epigenetic change that can be reversed. METHOD: To begin to investigate the effect of folate on glioma, glioma cell lines U87 and 1321, plus the glial cell line SVG were used. Glioma cell lines were treated for 7 days with Folic and Folinic Acid at 4 and 40 µg/ml with and without an antioxidant. Cell viability was assessed using the PrestoBlue assay and cell cycle and apoptosis were tested using Propidium Iodide and caspase Glo 3/7 respectively. RESULTS: Cells treated with the higher level of Folinic Acid, 40 µg/ml, showed significant reduction in cell viability compared with the control (P < 0.01). Cell cycle analysis showed no difference in the percentages of each different cell cycle phase between the control and treatments on either Day 2 or Day 7. This suggests that the reduction in cell viability may be due to changes in apoptosis. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that folate has an effect on cell viability in glioma cell lines. Folate could also have a beneficial effect on gliomas, which supports the use of folate for further research on primary glioma tissue.


The study was conducted to determine the influence of fluorine soil contamination (100, 200 and 300 mg kg−1 of soil) on the levels of exogenous amino acids (ExAAs) and endogenous amino acids (EnAAs) in the above-ground parts of winter oilseed rape and spring triticale grain. Fluorine soil contamination had a much more pronounced influence on the content of the tested amino acids in spring triticale grain than in the above-ground parts of winter oilseed rape. Soil contamination with fluorine had the greatest influence on leucine (Leu), arginine (Arg) and lysine (Lys), alanine (Ala), glycine (Gly) and glutamic acid (Glu), increasing their content, and on tyrosine (Tyr), methionine (Met) and aspartic acid (Asp), decreasing their concentration in the winter oilseed rape above-ground parts. Under the influence of fluorine soil contamination, an increase in the content of Arg, phenylalanine (Phe), histidine (His), Leu, Tyr, Gly, serine (Ser), Asp and especially, proline (Pro) and Glu, and a decrease in the level of Met and cysteine (Cys) in spring triticale grain have been confirmed. The highest fluorine contamination (300 mg kg−1 of soil) had the most favourable influence on the total amino acid content in the spring triticale. The lowest fluorine dose (100 mg kg−1 of soil) had the same effect in winter oilseed rape. Spring triticale protein had a higher nutritive value than that of winter oilseed rape. Fluorine soil contamination caused a gradual increase in the nutritive value of protein in spring triticale grain (in contrast to rape).


A quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) approach is used to predict the equivalent circuit parameters of the stacked dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). This approach is a quantum-inspired version of PSO that follows quantum mechanics rules instead of classical Newtonian dynamics. This version helps to control only one parameter instead of two controlled parameters of the classical PSO. In this paper, coaxial-fed two dielectric resonator antennas are stacked on a perfect conductor (7.2-10.5 GHz). The desired antenna input impedance is evaluated using commercial software such as CST/HFSS and used in the QPSO optimization algorithm to find the parameters of antenna's equivalent circuit.


Objective Is M-meatoplasty the solution for chronic otitis externa caused by wax retention? This study discusses acceptance of this operation and whether sedation is necessary. Study Design Between October 1994 and October 1997, 199 successive M-meatoplasties (125 patients) were studied, and 79% of the patients completed a questionnaire in which patient satisfaction with the procedure and outcome was assessed. Setting Local hospital, functioning as a secondary referral center. Patients All patients had narrowing of the lateral part of the outer ear canal resulting from anterior displacement of the cavum conchae cartilage. Intervention The aim of M-meatoplasty is to increase the lumen of the entrance to the external ear canal by reducing the conchal cartilage on the posterior wall Main Outcome Measures Reduction of visits to the outpatient clinic, patient satisfaction on a scale from 1 (very bad) to 10 (excellent). Results The number of preoperative visits was 7 (range 1–153). The median number of postoperative visits for the same problems more than 3 months after surgery was 1 (range 0–14). The patient score for the surgery and the final result was a median of 9 (very good). Conclusions Wax obstruction and related external otitis can be cured by M-meatoplasty if the conchal cartilage is too prominent on the posterior wall. It is a simple outpatient operation and is very well tolerated. After the operation, there is an enormous reduction in outpatient visits.


Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) is one of the conditions that is often a problem for the community, the events are increasing in body temperature, redness at the injection site which often occurs after DPT-HB immunization. This was also found in one of Public Health Center of Dharmasraya Regency which reported the majority of AEFI cases found were fever or an increase in body temperature after giving DPT-HB immunization, which were 21 cases throughout 2019. This study aimed to determine the Effectiveness of Jatropha Curcas. L Against on Temperature in Fever Babies Post DPT-HB 1 Immunization. This type of research is pre experiment with a non-equivalent control group design approach. The populations in this study were all targets of DPT-HB 1 immunization in the working area of the Health Center as many as 91 people, sample were taken by using a purposive sampling technique with a sample size of 20 people divided into 10 treatment groups and 10 control groups. Data collection using body temperature observation sheets, data analysis includes univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using t-independent test. The results showed that the average body temperature of the respondents before the intervention in the treatment group was 38.3oC dropped to 36.39oC after the intervention. While the respondent's body temperature before the intervention in the control group was 38.5oC and dropped to 37.0o0C after the intervention. There is a difference in the decrease in average body temperature between the treatment group and the control group by 0.42oC with p value = 0.004, where the decrease is more in the treatment group. It can be concluded that the administration of Jatropha Curcas L leaf compress is effective in reducing body temperature of children with fever after DPT-HB1 immunization. Therefore, it is recommended for mothers of infants to be able to utilize Jatropha leaf compress as well as non-pharmacological treatment in the management of fever after DPT-HB immunization.


Theranostic systems by integrating the tumor imaging and tumor therapeutic capabilities into one platform have attracted numerous attentions from worldwide researchers. Despite the great developments, their clinical application is still in the nascent stage, owing to the unsatisfied imaging quality and limited therapeutic efficacy. Fortunately, the emerging of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecules with unique fluorescence property offers an opportunity to solve the imaging problem. Besides, further utilizing the tumor microenvironments and external triggers to design the stimuli‐responsive imaging‐guided therapy could enhance the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the side effects. In this review, the advancements in stimuli‐responsive theranostic systems with AIE characteristics are summarized. Theranostic systems are first classified according to their treatment modes, and then subdivided based on various stimuli, including pH, redox, enzyme, and light. In each section, the design strategies and application examples are introduced. At last, the current state of the art, limitations, as well as prospects are also discussed.


This study proposes to develop a biomonitorated study of the Euphorbia umbellata leaves extracts to identify those that could be used to prepare, by green synthesis, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), with cytotoxic and antimicrobial potential. Hexane, dichloromethane, acetone, methanol, and aqueous extracts were evaluated to measure the terpenes amounts, antimicrobial activity (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus), and the cytotoxic potential (A549, H292 cell lines). Characterization of AgNPs was performed by determination of zeta potential, polydispersity index, mean diameter, UV/Vis spectrometry, and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and evaluated against cytotoxic and antimicrobial models. Hexane and dichloromethane extracts presented the higher amounts of terpenes, exhibited microbiological inhibition against K. pneumoniae and S. aureus, and cytotoxic potential against both cell lines. AgNPs prepared with hexane and dichloromethane extracts were determined after 35 minutes of artificial light exposure and presented spherical form with aggregates, mean diameter of 177.9 ± 1.3 nm, 288.8 ± 1.4 nm, polydispersity index of 0.416, 0.496, and zeta potential -35.7, -30.5 mV, respectively. AgNPs obtained from dichloromethane extract incremented in the biological activities, with IC50 of 1.56 µg/mL and 0.25 µg/mL against K. pneumoniae and S. aureus, respectively, and IC50 of 0.28 µg/mL for A549 and 0.18 µg/mL for H292 cell lines. The development of AgNPs with dichloromethane extract of E. umbellata using green synthesis demonstrated high potential to be used as cytotoxic and antimicrobial product, associating the phytochemical composition and the presence of AgNPs in a synergic effect.


A significant portion of breast cancer survivors eventually experience locoregional or metastatic recurrence. It is clear that the adaptive immune system controls proliferative tumor outgrowth, but how dormant tumor cells escape to eventually form new lesions remains unclear. Previous studies showed that proliferative D2A1 or D2.OR tumors are restricted by adaptive immunity in Balb/c versus SCID mice whereas dormant D2.1 tumors are largely unaffected. Further, D2.1 tumors are highly infiltrated with T cells, particularly CD4+ cells and Tregs. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the extent to which dormant D2.1 tumors evade antigen-specific immunity and how these tumors shape the T cell niche. Experiments were performed using Balb/c syngeneic D2 mammary tumor cells – D2A1 cells grow rapidly upon orthotopic injection, D2.OR cells proliferate but to a lesser degree than D2A1, and D2.1 cells remain dormant long term. Cells were also modified to express enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) for use with Just eGFP Death Inducing (JeDI) T cells containing a T cell receptor (TCR) targeted to eGFP200-208. Transfer of JeDI T cells caused complete rejection of D2A1-eGFP tumors in the mammary fat pad (MFP) while no difference was observed in D2.1-eGFP tumors. In contrast, treatment with anti-CTLA4 alone, anti-PD-1 alone, or combined anti-CTLA4/PD-1 reduced D2.1 tumor progression compared to isotype control. Whole JeDI splenocytes were also stimulated in vitro with eGFP200-208 peptide in the presence of D2A1 or D2.1 conditioned medium (CM). Surprisingly, while CD8 cells proliferated in both D2A1 and D2.1 CM, CD4+ T cells also proliferated in D2.1 CM and the Treg fraction of CD4+ cells was significantly elevated in D2.1 CM compared to D2A1 CM or control medium. RNA-sequencing confirmed substantial immune activity in D2.1 tumors compared to D2A1. D2.1 tumors also displayed a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) phenotype and expressed genes associated with both mammary epithelium (Krt8, Krt14, Cdh1) and mesenchymal cells (Itga5, Snai2, Notch1, Zeb1). Moreover, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed an enrichment of mammary stem and luminal progenitor cell signatures in D2.1 tumors. Of the top upregulated genes, Dickkopf WNT Signaling Pathway Inhibitor 3 (DKK3) was chosen for further investigation. Interestingly, increased CD8 proliferation and IFNγ production, but decreased CD4 and Treg abundance, was observed in DKK3 shRNA knockdown (k/d) D2.1 CM compared to shScramble control. In vivo, overexpressing DKK3 in D2A1 cells significantly increased MFP tumor growth in Balb/c but not SCID mice, altered T cell activation locally and systemically, and decreased eGFP-specific antibodies. Similar results were observed in DKK3-overexpressing D2.OR tumors. Conversely, DKK3 k/d in D2.1 cells resulted in ~60% complete tumor rejection. Together, these data indicate that CD4 cells, particularly Tregs, are crucial in establishing a protective niche for long-term tumor dormancy with tumor-derived DKK3 emerging as a mediator of the Treg niche.
 Citation Format: Timothy N. Trotter, Delila Serra, Carina Dagotto, Tao Wang, Xiao Yang, Junping Wei, Gangjun Lei, H. Kim Lyerly, Zachary C. Hartman. Dormant mammary tumors persist long-term despite adaptive immunity by establishing a Treg-dominated niche via DKK3 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Metastasis; 2022 Nov 14-17; Portland, OR. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;83(2 Suppl_2):Abstract nr PR015.


This paper considers the history and context of the control of public spaces, how this is regulated currently and how it relates to the politics of homelessness and community governance with a specific focus on the regulation of public space in the contemporary city of Manchester.


A member of Ocypodidae, the mangrove land crab, Ucides cordatus , is endemic to the Atlantic Coast of the Americas. It has considerable economic value to underpriviledged communities, which depend on it as a source of income and food. Ucides cordatus is considered as one of the most important biological components of mangrove ecosystems, particularly due to its role in the cycling of organic matter. Possibly as a consequence of the intense harvesting, the destruction of its habitats – the mangroves – and disease, there has been a decrease in the fishery stocks of the mangrove crab throughout the Brazilian coast. However, in spite of the cultural, ecological, and socio-economic importance of the species, the number of scientific studies on the mangrove land crab is still limited. The aim of the present study is to identify and relat the main studies published on the species until 2007.


One of the foremost problems in range and pasture nutrition is making an accurate assessment of the chemical and botanical composition of the diet of grazing livestock. In recent years the esophageal fistula has been used to obtain samples of the forage grazed by ruminants. These studies have been conducted under a wide variety of conditions in at least six countries on four continents. The purpose of this article is to review the development and use of the esophageal fistula and to discuss present problems and practices. The medical literature is replete with references to human and animal esophageal fistulas due to congenital abnormalities, disease, and accidental injury. However, this article is restricted to experimental studies with domestic animals and reviews the literature through mid-1963.


Nonlinear analysis of concrete structures and, more specifically, of concrete bridges is a powerful tool to understand the structural behaviour in both the serviceability and ultimate limit states, and to verify the actual safety margins under unusual live loads, as well as under severe indirect actions (like settlements) and accidental combinations of actions. Furthermore nonlinear analysis may become a necessity for the evaluation of the safety level of existing bridges, should the live loads be increased because of new traffic needs and more complex action combinations be considered. Within this context. a proposal for a safety format concerning the non linear analysis of concrete structures consisting of linear, 2D and 3D elements is presented. Some examples are discussed too, and the necessity to take account model uncertainties, (where relevant) are emphasized. The examples refer to linear elements (bridge deck and pier) and two dimensional elements (continuous deep beam) and clearly put in evidence the cases in which model uncertainties should be explicitly taken into account.


Objective: In the present research, the main objective was to investigate the possibility of designing, fabricating, and optimizing a disposable ocular film-based drug delivery system.
Methods: Moxifloxacin hydrochloride was loaded onto the prepared disposable ocular films by the soaking method.
Results: The drug loading conditions were studied, and it was found that the maximum drug loading was achieved in 3 hours at pH 6.5 of the drug solution. It was also observed that the drug loading efficacy and in vitro drug release profile can be monitored by varying the ocular film composition. The ocular films were then characterized for thickness uniformity, size uniformity, weight uniformity, swelling index, surface pH, breaking on elongation, folding endurance, bio-adhesive strength, transparency, drug loading efficiency, moisture content, morphological characteristics, and in vitro drug release profiles.
Conclusion: Based on the results, it was concluded that the developed disposable ocular films demonstrate a significant prolonged drug release within the therapeutic range of up to 12 h, which is promising as a novel disposable contact lens-based ocular drug delivery system.


Professor Steven Tingay believes that Western Australia has the potential to become the next Silicon Valley by harnessing the power of big data captured 300 km north of Geraldton.


Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) comprises cancer originating from the renal epithelium and takes up for >90% of cancers in the kidney. The disease consists of >10 histological and molecular subtypes, of which clear cell RCC (ccRCC) is the most common and is responsible for most cancer-related deaths. In an attempt to ensure an early diagnosis to plan the further course of surgical intervention, pre-operative diagnosis plays an important role. MRI plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of RCC and planning for surgery for presumed RCC, especially for identifying enhanced soft tissue within renal lesions. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to ascertain the accuracy of MRI in diagnosing papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) compared to clear cell carcinoma to reach a definitive diagnosis and thus, help in surgical intervention. Methods: Medical literature was comprehensively searched and reviewed without restrictions to particular study designs, or publication dates using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases for all relevant literature. The extraction of necessary data proceeded after specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. In this Meta-Analysis, a total of 5 papers involving 755 lesions were considered for Clear cell carcinoma. A total number of 13 papers regarding 1009 lesions of papillary renal cell carcinoma were considered. wherein two writers independently assessed the caliber of each study as well as the use of the Cochrane tool for bias risk apprehension. The statistical software packages RevMan (Review Manager, version 5.3), SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 20), and Excel in Stata 14 were used to perform the statistical analyses. Results: We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of MRI in diagnosing pRCC and ccRCC in the different papers, For the MRI in ccRCC, The sensitivity is 0.81 with a CI of 95% in a range of 0.77 to 0.86, the mean being 0.049. The Specificity of the MRI is 0.77 with a CI of 95% in a range of 0.68 to 0.86, the mean being 0.091. For the pRCC, The Sensitivity of the MRI in pRCC is 0.66 with a CI of 95% in a range of 0.52 to 0.80; the mean being (0.14). The Specificity of the MRI in pRCC is 0.87 with a CI of 95% in a range of 0.80 to 0.94, the mean being 0.072. Conclusion: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a thorough evaluation of renal masses that takes into account both, functional factors and several types of tissue contrast. In light of the abovementioned clinical requirements, these characteristics of MRI have sped up the process of early detection, diagnosis, staging, and evaluation of the aggressiveness and therapeutic response of RCC Keywords: "Renal cell carcinoma", "Clear cell carcinoma", "Papillary renal cell carcinoma", "CT", "MRI", and "early detection"


Nowadays, the application of nano materials is getting attention to enhance the conventional concrete properties. The ultrafine particles of nano material also will help reducing the formation of micro pores by acting as a filler agent, produce a very dense concrete and will reduce the growth of micro pores in the UHPC structures. The introduction of nano materials in concrete is to increase the strength and durability of concrete. One of the most important factor affecting concrete durability is chloride penetrability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chloride permeability and chloride penetration depth by using rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) and colorimetric method, respectively. The study was conducted for normal performance concrete (NPC), high performance concrete (HPC), ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) and a series of UHPC (nano metaclayed-UHPC) incorporating different replacement levels of nano metaclay. All the tests were performed at ages of concretes from 3 up to 365 days. The results showed that the presence of silica fume in HPC and nano metaclay in UHPC reducing the Coulombs passed on the 56-days up to 365-days. The experimental results also revealed the depth of chloride ion penetration for nano metaclayed-UHPC concretes are much lesser than those concretes. As regards to the results, nano metaclay led to noticeable benefit in term of chloride resistance.


In this work the impact of aluminium oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) and aluminium oxide microparticles (Al2O3 MPs) on three functional groups of activated sludge microorganisms, that is, heterotrophic bacteria (HET), ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), was studied. In order to describe it quantitatively, the degree of inhibition was calculated. Additionally, the values of Monod kinetic parameters and stoichiometric yield coefficients (YHET) were determined for HET. Neither the biochemical activity nor specific growth rate of HET was inhibited by Al2O3 NPs or MPs in the activated sludge system. The degree of inhibition of the biochemical activity of HET did not usually exceed 20%. At the same time, the biochemical activity of nitrifying microorganisms was significantly inhibited by both Al2O3 NPs and MPs that was confirmed by the values of degrees of inhibition in the range from 42.6% to 84.3%. Out of the nitrifying microorganisms, the AOB were affected stronger than NOB. Al2O3 NPs inhibited the biochemical activity of HET and nitrifying microorganisms, particularly AOB, to a higher extent than Al2O3 MPs did. The lower values of YHET in the tests with Al2O3 NPs or MPs than in those without their addition indicated that the presence of Al2O3 NPs or MPs contributed to the decrease of the activated sludge biomass concentration.


A relevant issue nowadays is the monitoring and identification of the concentration and rate flux of the gases from the greenhouse effect. Most of these minority gases belong to important bio-geochemical cycles between the planet surface and the atmosphere. Therefore, there is an intense research agenda on this topic. Here, we are going to describe the effort for addressing this challenging. This identification problem can be formulated as an inverse problem. The problem for identifying the minority gas emission rate for the system ground-atmosphere is an important issue for the bio-geochemical cycle, and it has being intensively investigated. This inverse problem has been solved using regularized solutions (Kasibhatla, 2000), Bayes estimation (Enting, 2002; Gimson & Uliasz, 2003), and variational methods (Elbern et al., 2007) – the latter approach coming from the data assimilation studies.


This article critiques the Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation's claim that recent research indicates that "Canada must move beyond (its focus on) student financial assistance" as a means of ensuring access to postsecondary education since "three out of four Canadian youth cite non-financial reasons to explain why they chose not to pursue postsecondary studies." This article argues that the Scholarship Foundation's research claims are not entirely accurate and are presented in a manner that is misleading.


Essential oils are highly concentrated essences of aromatic plants. It can be extracted using a variety of methods such as steam distillation and solvent extraction. Essential oils have a very high commercial value due to its therapeutic properties. It is widely used in aromatherapy, medicine and as well as flavoring food and drink industries. To get the approximately pure essential oil from raw material, conventional extraction technique like steam distillation is used. Steam distillation is unlikely solvent extraction. This is because steam distillation is to produce essential oils but solvent extraction will produce oleoresin. Pure essential oil can be derived from a part of ginger plant that is the ginger rhizome by using steam distillation method. The extraction of the ginger essential oils began when steam contact to the ginger in the extraction tank. The steam carried out the essential oils from the ginger out of the rhizome and go through the condenser. Then, the steam with the essential oils will be condensed into liquid phase and will be collected in the beaker. Lastly, the two liquids will be separated. To get high quality and quality of essential oils, the fire from burner that burned the tank and produce steam in the tank must be well controlled. Apart from being effective, this study might as well discover potential savings in its operational cost and also environmental friendly.


This paper comprises a study of approaches by certain African nations to the question of when, if ever, it is permissible to kill in defence of property. Arising from this study, the suggestion is made that the law should recognise a right to apply fatal force where the danger includes a combination of a threat to property and to the person. Furthermore, the law should recognise a partial defence to murder where excessive force has been used in defence of property.


Objective Adenoidal hypertrophy in children is associated wi th obstructive manifestations like mouth breathing, snoring,night cough.However,the sleep architecture is poorly defined in children with adenoidal hypertrop hy,which is this studies for.Method A computer-assistant diag nosis system was used for polysomnography(PSG) recording.Sleep was scored manually according to the standard set by Rechtschaffen.48 children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy(A H) were defined by PSG and compared with normal children PSG results.Result Compared with normal children,AH group had increased stageⅠand decreased stageⅡ; obviously decreased in REM;NREM was increasingly.The latent period of REM w as longer than normal children.Conclusion Sleep architecture is abnormal in chi ldren with AH.Frequent electroencephalogram arousals from sleep may result in s ignificant sleep fragmentation,but the deep sleep is sufficient.Further studie s are needed to determine whether abnormalities in sleep architecture contribute to quality of life.


The issues of increasing the efficiency of agriculture are relevant in connection with the growth of the world population. One way to solve this issue is to collect and analyze big data to support decision-making in the industry of crop production. Such an approach can allow a farmer to monitor the condition of their farmland, save resources (water and chemicals), respond quickly to emerging problems and increase yields. The purpose of this study is to reveal the level of awareness and understanding, as well as the opinion of farmers about the introduction of data science technology in agriculture. This study demonstrates the results of a survey of farmers in the Astrakhan region, conducted in 2017 and 2019. The results revealed the barriers to the implementation of big data technologies, as well as the conditions under which farmers are ready to introduce appropriate innovations into their business. High costs of implementation, lack of relevant specialists in the region, poor infrastructure development and insufficient understanding of key technologies by the business owner were identified as the main barriers. Farmers see financial support from the state, as well as the availability of qualified specialists among the main conditions for the introduction of digital technologies in agribusiness. Keywords— big data, digital agriculture, data science, smart farming, precision


The invention relates to a method for purifying polytetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran copolymers and/or monoesters or diesters of said polymers, which is characterized by adjusting a CPR value of +1 to 4 by treating the polytetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran copolymers and/or monoesters or diesters of said polymers with at least one acid and/or alkaline ion exchanger.


The discovery of the Qin dynasty terracotta army at Mount Li near Xianyang has provided an interesting insight into the equipment of 3rd-century BC Chinese soldiers, and also opens up a number of issues of interest to students of armour from other regions and periods in the ancient world, particularly concerning the use of evidence.


The selection of sampling equipment for the collection of liquid waste is based on factors such as the viscosity of the sample matrix, matrix compatibility with the construction materials of the sampling device, and the physical location of the sampling point. This report provides information relating to sampling from such matrices as ground and surface waters, vadose zones, containerized liquids, lagoons, and seeps. It is intended to be a reference tool for personnel involved with the collection of liquid samples throughout the Department of Energy complex. This report provides a general overview of many liquid sampling devices used and for each device it provides a short narrative regarding applicability, an outline of the basic procedure for use, a list of advantages and disadvantages, and an illustration.


Background: Malnutrition is a worldwide problem and leading cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. Under nutrition in all its forms is still common is south East Asia.
Objective: To determine prevalence of malnutrition among children suffering from ARI and to find association between them.
Patients and Methods: This study was carried out at DHQ Hospital Dera Ghazi Khan from December 2008 to March 2009. Study population included children from OPD and indoor of Pediatric Department. It was a descriptive cross sectional study. Total of 350 ARI patients of age 2 months-5 years, 172 girls and 178 boys were enrolled. Responses to structured questionnaires were collected from all patients.
Results: Prevalence of malnutrition in age group 2 months-l year was 19%. There is increased incidence of malnutrition with increase of age. At 2 years age protein caloric malnutrition PCM was 12.5% among boys and 14% among girls. At age group 3, 4, 5, PCM was 13%, 20%, 27% respectively.
Conclusion: The prevalence of mal-nutrition was high at age group 1 year than 2 - 8 months, 2- 4 years while the PCM was observed as high as 25% at age group 5 years. ARI has significant relation with protein caloric Malnutrition.


A simulative study with different concentration of oil wastewater showed no harmful effect on Kandelia candel seedlings exposed 50mg/L and 100mg/L oil wastewater,however,this concentration stimulated the growth of seedlings.Treated with 200mg/L oil wastewater,some physiological indexes were affected,but seedlings still maintained normal growth.While treated with 400mg/L and 800mg/L of oil wastewater,almost all the eco physiological indexes were affected significantly or very significantly,and even caused some individuals died.The study indicated that Kandelia candel seedlings could adapt and tolerante a certain extent of oil wastewater.


SYNOPSIS

This report describes an electronic cell counter constructed for determining cell number in cultures of the ciliate, Tetrahymena pyriformis. The culture chamber has been equipped with a device which determines the number of cells per unit volume and records the number automatically. As cell multiplication is unaffected by the counting procedure the cells are returned to the culture. Furthermore, keeping the culture volume constant we have arranged a continuous flow of fresh nutrient medium through the culture chamber and thus established conditions under which cell multiplication has continued for months while determinations of cell concentrations have been recorded every 10 min. Since the culture volume has been small, ∼25 ml, growth studies utilizing this method require less than one liter of fresh medium per week in spite of the fast multiplication (9 generations per 24 hr) occurring in cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis under optimal conditions.


Abstract Norway experienced one of the highest rates of population growth in the 19th century. According to the data in Table I, Norway's population in the 1820's and in the 1850's had a higher annual rate of growth than that of any other population in Europe. This rate of growth was due to a steadily falling death rate, one of the first in Europe to fall below 20 per thousand, and to a relatively stable birth rate whose secular trend remained remarkably constant at a value of 30 per thousand. Norway's population between 1800 and 1900 nearly tripled, increasing from about 800,000 at the start of the century to 2,240,000 in 1900. 1 This demographic phenomenon occurred in a pre-industrial, agrarian economic environment in which rural population still represented 72 % of total population in 1900. 2


ABSTRACT Introduction Core strength training is essential for maintaining postural stability and explosive movement support, typical of tennis players. It has been proven that core strength training improves the motor coordination of the athlete's whole body. Therefore, it is essential to develop specific approaches to strengthen the core in tennis players. Objective Analyze the effect of core strength training in college tennis players. Methods Twenty college tennis players were selected and randomly divided into two groups: core strength training and general training. Comparative results of the experiment were statistically processed for analysis on the effect of core strength training versus general strength training. Results There is a big difference in the level of fitness indicators before and after 14 weeks of core strength training (P < 0.05). The average gain in training speed of the athletes in the experimental group was 8.24% versus 1.05% in the control group. Conclusion Core strength training can improve the physical fitness of tennis players. Complementary core strengthening training can favor performance in matches and competition results. Evidence level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.


As part of our coverage of the AACR Annual Meeting, we discuss combination therapies and new research in the treatment of lung cancer.


A method for directly oxidising sulphur compounds into elementary sulphur and/or sulphates at a temperature of less than 200 DEG C is disclosed, which comprises using a supported catalyst with a catalytically active phase containing copper, the copper being present in an amount of at least 2 % by weight based on the catalyst component and at least 15 % by weight based on the total amount of components of the catalytically active phase. Such a catalyst provides for a high conversion of H2S while minimising conversion into SO2.


port has been forthcoming for the involvement of this enzyme in active transport. The epithelial cells of the intestine actively transport not only Na+ and K+ but also sugars and amino acids. It is now clear that this process is mediated by a common carrier and is linked to the Na++K+-stimulated ATPase. This communication describes the distribution of Na++K+-stimulatedATPase in various regions ofthe small intestine and its subcellular localization. It was found that different regions of the small intestine contained different amounts of the enzyme activity: the enzyme activity was highest in the jejunum and lowest in the terminal ileum. These results can be correlated with the reported observations of a higher rate of absorption by the upper part of the small intestine than by the lower part (Wilson & Vincent, 1955). Fractionation ofhomogenates of rat intestinal mucosa showed that about 90% of the Na++K+stimulated ATPase activity was localized in the brushborder and mitochondrial fractions. The enzyme activity required the combined presence of Na+ and K+ and was inhibited by ouabain, a specific inhibitor of active transport.


From the perspective of brand management,this paper establishes the performance evaluation systems of Shandong tourism image so as to implement all-round,the whole process of sustainable and scientific management.What's more,a comprehensive assessment of performance for the tourism image of Shandong Province in 2008 is conducted.


This research aims to determine the extent of the analysis regarding the influence of sales promotions, product quality and price on company competitiveness and its impact on product sales (case study analysis at PT. Gudang Garam, Tbk). This research consists of four independent variables, namely sales promotion, product quality, price and competitiveness and one product sales variable as the dependent variable. Sampling in this research used purposive sampling in which a sample of 100 respondents was obtained. Multiple linear regression analysis method, t-test, F-test and determination test. Based on the research results, it was found that: a) there is a positive and significant influence of sales promotion on product sales, b) there is a positive and significant influence of product quality on product sales, c) there is no significant influence of price on product sales, d) there is a positive and significant influence of competitiveness on product sales, e) there is an influence of sales promotion, product quality, price and competitiveness on product sales


Negative ion behavior in helicon-wave excited high-density carbon-tetrafluoride (CF4) plasmas was examined with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. As a result of mass spectrum measurements, only fluorine negative ions (r) were observed in afterglow plasmas as the negative ion species. The Fdensity increased immediately after the termination of the rf power into the plasma. During this period, the electron density decreased rapidly with a decay time constant of less than 20 /Is. The experimental results of the relation between the Fand electron densities showed several inconsistencies with the assumption that l~ was mainly produced by dissociative electron attachment to CF4. In the present study, dissociative electron attachment to CF3 radicals is proposed as a production process of lr in lowtemperature afterglow plasmas. In addition, pulse modulation of the rf power was tried to enhance the production of lr. Negative ions were obtained in each afterglow phase in the pulse-modulated plasma, resulting in the increase of the sum total of r during the entire discharge duration.


s 011 Hygiene and Communicable Diseases Biotechnology Research Abstracts Chemical Abstracts Current Admnces in Ecological and Environmental Sciences Current Concepts Exce1pta Medica Helminthological Abstracts International Pharmaceutical Abstracts Index Medicus Index to Scientific Reviews Nutrition Research Newsletter Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews Review of Medical and Veterina,y Mycology Science Citation Index Tropical Diseases Bulletin For further details on rapid publication of paper IJCP circulation or quotations for supplements contact: Michael Young, Tel: 44 (0) 1372 471671 Fax: 44 (0) 1372 471672 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Incomplete panicle exsertion in almost all the WA-based CMS lines is one of the major impediments in obtaining higher seed yield in hybrid rice breeding programs. Exploitation of Elongated Uppermost Internode (eui) mutants in rice is a viable genetic strategy to solve this problem. Present study was undertaken with an aim of characterizing the elongated uppermost internode mutants in rice germplasm and identifying the molecular markers linked to this trait. Ten IR 64 mutants possessing eui morphology were obtained from IRRI, Philippines. Mutants were grown under field conditions and observations on peduncle elongation rate, peduncle length, panicle exsertion and grain number were recorded. All the mutants excepting one mutant (D1027-2-3) possessed elongated peduncle when compared to wild type IR 64. The eui mutants exhibited accelerated peduncle elongation rate (8–10 cm per day) than the wild type IR 64 (4–5 cm per day). At maturity, the eui mutants had longer peduncles (44–52 cm) than the wild type (27.5 cm) which helped the mutants to bring out their panicles completely outside the boot leaf sheath. Marker genotyping of wild type IR 64 and mutants revealed the genetic association of two euil linked STS markers SAG01 and sMRF19 on chromosome 5 with eui trait. Genetic complementation analysis revealed the presence of novel mutation other than euil in the available mutant germplasm.


It has been argued that, whatever the speci®c effects of homeopathic medicines, the homeopathic intervention as a whole is of bene®t. However, the relative contribution of speci®c and non-speci®c factors in homeopathic treatment has not been researched and remains a matter of conjecture. We have developed a method of determining both the speci®c and nonspeci®c effects of homeopathy. Moreover, our trial can be implemented with patients at the Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital (RLHH) without undue interference with the normal practice of care by randomising patients on the waiting list to wait for different periods of time. We wish to determine the feasibility of such a study of conducting a pilot.


We studied dispersants for exfoliating bulk V2Se9 into one dimensional chain units. V2Se9, with a negative zeta potential of -30.1 mV, was acidic and strongly anchored with the amine head of octadecylamine by charge transfer reaction. The steric hindrance by the octadecyl tail promoted the dispersion of V2Se9 to the nano level.


Abstract The study of sleep has become a field of widespread interest. It engages many disciplines from neuroscience to sociology, philosophy to evolutionary biology. It features in the lifestyle sections of newspapers and websites often because of its connections with mental and physical wellbeing. Yet theology has, in the most part, remained silent on the subject, despite many Biblical references to sleep in both the Old and New Testaments. There is a theological story to be told about sleep − as a gift, and not an affliction − despite the unfortunate occasional conflation of sleep with sloth. It is a state of grace and not of sin. It refreshes and renews yet can never be earned; all we can do is to be in a posture of receptivity so that it falls upon us. Sleep is profoundly precarious and sometimes frustratingly elusive and is suggestive of the fragility and vulnerability of human existence. When it comes to us, sleep transforms our experience of waking life. The eschatological character of sleep points us to reflect on mortality and resurrection. This article argues that it is possible to speak of a 'theology of sleep', but that it is not to be found in a coherent body of teaching or theological exploration. Rather, a theology of sleep is found articulated in Christian practices such as the Office of Compline, the keeping of vigils and the Examen of Consciousness, and in evening hymnody and prayers before bed. The author will suggest that the word theosomnia encapsulates this understanding of sleep.


More and more programming competitions for primary nd high school students feature simulation tasks. Since many of the c ontests have an automatic evaluation system, the simulation assignments focus n discreet, deterministic events. Our article will demonstrate how these task s are used at informatics competitions.


We propose to combine KrF laser pulse form for a shock-ignition Inertial Fusion Energy application by simultaneous amplification of short & long pulses, discuss an impact of self-focusing and filamentation in atmospheric air for laser beam phase randomization and spectra broadening, as well as mitigation of filamentation with a Xe cell.


The management of urban sprawl is fundamental to achieving sustainable urban development. Monitoring urban sprawl is, however, challenging. This study proposes the use of two spatial statistics, namely global Moran and local Moran to indentify statistically significant urban sprawl hot and cold spots. The findings reveal that the Moran indexes are sensitive to the distance band spatial weight matrices employed and that multiple bands should be used when these indexes are used. The authors demonstrate how the indexes can be used in combination with various visualisation methods to support planning decisions.


Samples of 50 suppositories were taken from 42 batches, representing one year's production. As no difference exists between the weights of "naked" suppositories, as obtained during the production process, and "wrapped" ones, as those actually released for distribution, quality control charts can be set to control weight uniformity during the production. Since USP XVII does not give weight uniformity specifications for suppositories, the most stringent specification for tablets was analyzed and adapted to suppositories. A sampling plan, combining practicality for the consumer and a satisfactory discrimination between "good" and "bad" batches was worked out and its implications for the producer outlined and examined for compatibility with these data.


FIELD: petroleum processing and petrochemistry. SUBSTANCE: hydrocarbon feedstock containing paraffin molecules and 500 ppm sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds is brought, under catalytic deparaffination conditions, into contact with catalytic system containing at least one hydrogenating component, dealuminated aluminosilicate zeolite crystals, and binding material: essentially aluminum-free refractory low-acidity oxide. EFFECT: prolonged catalytic activity. 12 cl, 7 tbl, 5 ex


The present invention relates to a method for continuously operating press (1) produced in the sheet of material, the continuously operating press (1), the production direction (22) running through around the steering cylinder (10) and the strip (3) is supported via a pin roller (4) pressed blank (7) is subjected to clamping and / or compacting the segment region before the feed line pressure region, wherein the region of the feed section , the production direction for adjusting the feed section of the feed section of the heating plate gap (E) geometry (16) and / or the hinge plate (12, 13) can be adjusted to each other that the heating plate feed section (16) and / or the hinge plate (12, 13) the spacing and / or capable of being bent. Solution of the invention is that, during the region by the feed section (I, II), at least in the production direction (22) of a section, from one side surface (33) perpendicular to the production direction using (22) substantially linear heating plate feed section (16) using at least two or perpendicular to the production direction (22) substantially rectilinear hinge plates (12, 13) to clamp and / or compacted preform press (7) and the region of the longitudinal center line (the LML) from the surface side to side (33) with at least along the compressed preform (7) in a direction perpendicular to the production direction (22) curved hot plate feed zone (16) clamping and / or compacted preform press (7). Further, the present invention relates to a continuously operating press.


Si-based semiconductor devices are not suitable for stable operations in the aerospace environments. Among the ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor materials, gallium oxide (Ga2O3) is attracting attention as the next-generation material for high-power semiconductor devices in extreme condition beyond Si, owing to its large band gap of 4.5-5.3 eV, high breakdown electric fields of 7-10 MV/cm, excellent chemical and thermal stability and radiation hardness.
 Alpha gallium oxide (α-Ga2O3) has the largest bandgap (4.8-5.3 eV) and the highest breakdown electric fields (~10 MV/cm) among the five Ga2O3 polymorphs, which facilitates the application of α-Ga2O3 as a high power device. However, the research on etching technology for α-Ga2O3 is rare. Etching technology is a crucial step of device fabrication. Chemical etching is free from plasma-induced damage which leads to superior device performance compared with dry etching, and high throughput with low cost is beneficial to industrial implementations.
 Chemical stability of Ga2O3 hinders the effective reaction with most chemical etchants. However, the photo-enhanced inverse metal assisted chemical (I-MAC) etching, where a noble metal with a high work function is utilized as a catalyst under UV irradiation, has emerged as a candidate for the chemical etching of Ga2O3. Deep-UV irradiation generates electron-hole pairs (EHPs) in the uncovered region of Ga2O3, and the metal electrode withdraws carriers from the photo-generated EHPs. The holes that are accumulated in the uncovered region of Ga2O3 react with gallium ions which produce gallium fluoride (GaF3) in a reaction with Hydrofluoric acid (HF). The etching process continues as the oxidant re-oxidizes the metal. The etch rate can be controlled by various parameter, including concentration and temperature of the etchant.
 In this work, for the I-MAC etch of α-Ga2O3 on sapphire substrate grown by halide vapor phase epitaxy, Pt was deposited on α-Ga2O3. Etch rate and surface roughness were characterized by atomic force microscopy after each step of the I-MAC etch.
 The I-MAC etch using HF and potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) solution with 185-nm UV irradiation was performed at constant durations under different etchant temperature conditions. The etch rates obtained at each temperature condition were fitted with the Arrhenius plot to estimate the activation energy of 0.898 eV. The etch depth showed a linear increase with time and the etch rate exhibits a direct dependency on the temperature of the etchant, indicating that the I-MAC etching of α-Ga2O3 is an activation-controlled reaction. As the I-MAC etching proceeded, surface roughness of α-Ga2O3 showed a tendency to increase. The rate at which the surface roughness increased increased with raising the etchant temperature. In the case of Pt there was no significant difference in the surface roughness after etching. After the completion of the I-MAC etch, the remaining Pt can be removed using aqua regia. The I-MAC etch process of α-Ga2O3 can allow us to fabricate α-Ga2O3 without plasma-damage.

 Figure 1


Appropriate emergency care of horses with unstable fractures is a challenging and life-saving veterinary procedure. Effective treatment requires a thorough understanding of the biomechanical loads imposed on the fracture site and creation of an external support system that neutralizes these forces and protects both bone and soft tissues at the fracture site. Author's address: New Jersey Equine Clinic, 279 Millstone Road, Millstone Township, NJ 08535; e-mail: spalmer@ njequine.com. © 2012 AAEP.


Experimental and simulation study results of radiation shielding properties of multilayer shielding cases with tantalum carbide extender pigment are presented.


Abstract Białystok, Lublin, and Rzeszów are the three largest cities in eastern Poland, and the capitals of their provinces. They each have metropolitan ambitions, and based on partner agreements with the authorities of their neighbouring districts they initiated the establishment of metropolitan areas where they became the main centres. This article undertakes an analysis of a number of elements of each of these metropolitan areas in order to compare their position, and to give an assessment of the development of their metropolitan functions. The analysis concerned their demographic, social, economic and cultural parameters. Results of this research show that none of these analysed cities has yet developed sufficient functions coherent with the European metropolitan network. Each of them is a strong regional centre of national importance. Statistical analysis of the data shows no strong leader among these three metropolitan areas. The weak position of the Białystok Metropolitan Area is evident due to its particularly disturbing demographic processes which offer no chance for population development in the area or growth of its social potential. The Rzeszów Metropolitan Area maintains the best social-demographic and economic indices and it is also the most compact, coherent area with the least distance to its metropolitan centre.


Geophysical investigations are essential in the design and construction of hydroelectric plants. They are used throughout the entire design and construction process, from basic design through to construction verification. Starting at the basic design phase, tomography is extremely useful given that: 1. it is fast 2. it is low cost 3. it does not require particular on-site conditions such as roads or special access routes


Abstract This paper is Part I of a two-part study that uses high-resolution Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) simulations to investigate mesoscale land–atmosphere interactions in the summertime U.S. Southern Great Plains. The focus is on the atmospheric dynamics associated with mesoscale heterogeneity in the underlying surface fluxes: how shifts in meteorological regimes modulate these diurnal, mesoscale processes, and their overall impact at larger scales and over multiple diurnal cycles. Part I examines individual case study time periods drawn from the simulations that illustrate general points about the key land–atmosphere interactions. The main findings are as follows: The mesoscale processes are embedded within a synoptic-scale organization that controls the background meteorological regime at a given location. During the clear, dry days in the simulated months, heterogeneity in the surface fluxes forces strong, lower-tropospheric, mesoscale circulations that exhibit a characteristic dynami...


Larvae of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana Harris, were reared on bean plants, Phaseolus vulgaris, at densities of 10 or 50 larvae per 15 plants in 24 times 24 times 24 cm cages. The host plants were replaced frequently so that food was apparently not a limiting factor. Larvae reared at the higher density exhibited an altered larval dispersal pattern. Almost four times more larvae survived to adulthood in the low as compared to the high rearing density. Insects from the high rearing density also spent longer in the pupal stage, requiring a total of 32.3 days to complete development while those from the low rearing density required 30.2 days. As well, pupae of both sexes were significantly smaller when reared at the higher density. The recently‐discovered ability of female C. rosaceana to recognize and avoid newly‐laid egg masses could serve as a spacing mechanism, that acts with dispersal of early instars to minimize larval crowding and enhance reproductive fitness.


In spite of implementing all best practices in your organization and in spite of best intentions, incidents occur whereby organizations become legally liable for damages because of bodily injury or damage to the property of others. For this reason, organizations, whether private or public entities, will purchase one or several forms of Third Party liability insurance to protect the organization, its shareholders, its directors and its employees from claims made against them for bodily injury, personal injury, and property damage. The Third Party, in this case is the one suffering damages.


Objective To study the incidence of potential drug−drug interactions (DDIs) and evaluate their pattern and severity in cancer inpatients. Materials and Methods A detailed clinical data and prescriptions of 150 inpatients with different malignancies were subjected to DDI screening using Micromedex software. The frequency of potential DDIs and their types, patterns, and severity were investigated. Results A total of 360 potential DDIs were present in 111 (74%) of 150 inpatients, dominated by female (67.33%) and breast cancer (30%) patients. The incidence of severe interactions was 63.88%, moderate interactions 35.83%, and mild interactions 0.27%. The potential mechanisms of DDIs were 38.33% pharmacodynamic, 48.33% pharmacokinetic, and 13.33% unspecified. The drug interactions were found to be positively correlated (p < 0.01) with the 6–10 number of prescribed medicines. Conclusion According to this study, the number of medicines prescribed to cancer inpatients increased the chance of DDIs. As a result, the drug surveillance program could save a sizable number of patients from the potentially hazardous clinical effects of DDIs.


Abstract. Vegetative filter strips (VFS) are globally recognized as an effective BMP in reducing non-point source pollution. Maximum effectiveness of a VFS at a watershed-level could be achieved by adequately installing and sizing a VFS along the edge of the field. Existing watershed models have limitations in appropriately representing and modeling VFS at the watershed scale. Therefore, in this research, a new modeling approach consisting of the Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) model, AGNPS_VFS toolkit, and a regression equation is developed to explore the effectiveness of VFS applied along the edge of fields. AGNPS cells are identified as locations where the edge of the field VFS is to be installed. Further, the approach was tested with a case study. The model was calibrated and validated for a flow and sediment load at the watershed outlet. Thereafter, the modeling approach is used to compute sediment reducing efficiency (SRE) for the edge of the field VFS. Objectives of this study were to test the effectiveness of uniform VFS (5 × 18 m) lengths located at several locations (draining an upstream area of 3, 4, 6 ha, and at spatially variable locations) within a watershed to demonstrate the ability of the developed approach to evaluate effectiveness of VFS application in sediment abatement. Maximum SRE was observed for VFS placed at spatially variable locations; the developed approach reduced nearly 23.03% of sediment yield, while VFS placed along cells draining an upstream area of 3, 4, and 6 ha removed 9.59%, 12.39%, and 5.91% of sediment loads respectively. Keywords: Non-point source pollution, Sediment transport, Vegetative filter strip (VFS), VFSMOD.


P erinatal's mortality, child mortality maternal's mortality, and toddler mortality constitute helath situation parameter, midwifery service, and health and reflects economic social situation a state Embryonic mortality in womb at Indonesian unknown for sure since haven't available survey that comprehensive. Embryonic death instance become by RSUD Nabire and has risk of mother data and also mother health history. This research aimed to know the risk factor's intra uterin fetaldeath at genaralhospital nabire regency Papuan Province. The mothed was observasional by designs studi case control with retrospective approaching. This research is executed at genaralhospital Nabire Regency that will be plotted on month of September 2016 as much 58 intra uterin fetal death cases and konrtrol as much 58.  Acquired data of medik's recording data and analysing to utilize chi square and binars regression logistics. Results revealed that there is not corelation variable to INTRA uterin fetal death insidence is aged ( p value 1,000; OR = 0,926; CI95%= 0,428 – 2,000), ethnic Intra Uterin Fetal Death ( p value 0,707; OR= 0,809; CI95%= 0,387 – 1,692), ANC frequency ( p value 0,477; OR= 0,636; CI95= 0,248 – 1,630) and congenital abnormality ( p value 0,435; OR = 2,642; CI95%= 0,491 – 14,206). Influential variable to Intra Uterin Fetal Death insidene at general hospital Nabire regency is obstetrics hystories ( p value 0,001; OR= 7,105; CI95%= 2,248 – 22,461), pre eklampsia / eklampsia ( p value 0,032; OR= 2,554; CI95%= 1,155 – 5,646),  long partus ( p value 0,007; OR= 5,143; CI95%= 1,600 – 16,529) and plasenta winding  ( p value 0,033; OR= 5,833; CI95%= 1,218 – 27,937). Obstetrics history, pre eklampsia / eklampsia, and partus so long constitute dominant factor to intra Uterin Fetal Death insidence at general hospital Nabire.


The effect of different linear energy parameters on the DPMIG welding performance of AA1060 aluminium alloy is studied in this paper. The stability of the welding process is verified with a Labview electrical signal acquisition system, and the microstructure and tensile properties of the welded joint are studied via optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electrical tensile tests. The test results show that the welding process for the DPMIG methods stable and that the weld beads appear as scales. Tensile strength results indicate that, with increasing linear energy, the tensile strength first increases and then decreases. The tensile strength of the joint is maximized when the linear energy is 120.5 J / mm-1.


The effect of electromagnetic radiation on biological objects extends from heating to complex photochemistry, electronic excitation, and alteration of DNA. One of the key-points of phototherapy, which is maybe the medical area that represents better the connection among Medicine, Physics and Chemistry, is that a proper alteration of the genetic material would entail beneficial effects. Furthermore, it is becoming one of the most promising strategies against a plethora of diseases. Specifically, psoralens or furocoumarins are used in PUVA therapy [1,2] to treat some illness such as psoriasis and vitiligo. Two possible mechanisms, which try to explain the phototherapeutic action, have been suggested: on the one hand, a furocoumarin in its lowest triplet excited state reacts with thymine in a [2+2]-photocycloaddition; on the other hand, the furocoumarin in its lowest triplet excited state transfers its energy to molecular oxygen, generating highly-reactive singlet oxygen. As a first step towards the understanding of the reactivity of these compounds, the mechanism of population of the lowest triplet excited state has been analyzed [3,4]. Specifically, the present research has been focused on the study of several derivatives of psoralen (8-MOP, 5-MOP, khellin, TMP and 3-CPS) which have attracted attention for its clinical usefulness. We have compared the most interesting photophysical and photochemical properties among them in order to point out which of them possesses the most interesting properties to act as a photosensitizer. The other side of PUVA therapy has also been analyzed [5]: the interaction of furocoumarins with molecular oxygen through triplet-triplet energy transfer to yield singlet oxygen. Employing the Fermi's Golden Rule, we have estimated TET rate constants and lifetimes, as well as the strength of the electronic coupling between the protagonist states of the energy transfer.


Abstract This paper is an experiment in collective writing conducted in Autumn 2019 at the Faculty of Education at Beijing Normal University. The experiment involves 12 international masters' students reading the course based on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), their professor Michael Peters, visiting professor Petar Jandrić, and a mix of senior Chinese and Western scholars. To successfully complete the course, the students were required to produce a 3000-word paper of publishable quality. As part of this writing process we decided to engage in the experiment of collective writing where we aimed to produce a single paper consisting of the abstracts. This collective paper was developed in 7 steps. (1) Students submitted their 250-word abstracts. (2) Students were introduced into the methodology of collective writing, and 2 student-editors – Ogunniran Moses Oladele and Benjamin Green – volunteered to work on the paper. (3) Michael Peters wrote the introduction. (4) Abstracts were expanded to 500 words and integrated into a single document. (5) Petar Jandrić began to edit the paper and write a conclusion. (6) Students presented their abstracts in the class, where Michael Peters and Petar Jandrić provided direct feedback. (6) Revised abstracts were again integrated into a single document by student editors, and proofread / copy-edited in several exchanges with the instructors (7) The paper was subject to the process of open review, and the reviewer's comments were included in the paper. Resulting from months of collective work, the final paper provides a wide range of views ad perspectives to the question of education as a part of the BRI initiative.


It firstly studies the virtue and disadvantage of similarity measures between Vague sets in the paper named"Basic rules and general method on similarity measures between Vague sets",which was published on this periodical on No.4 in 2008.Considering the difference of hesitating degree between Vague numbers having some impact on similar degree,it puts forward a new similarity measure which takes into account true membership degree and false membership degree and relative advantage and the sum of hesitating degree and the difference of hesitating degree at the same time.It has proved the disadvantage of Wang Weiping's method and the virtue of new similarity measure.And it uses the new measure for diagnosing illness.


In this paper, the solder joint brittleness of plastic ball grid array (PBGA) assemblies has been studied by means of impact testing. The results show that the maximum impact force and the impact energy for PBGA assemblies reflowed in nitrogen ambient is higher than for those reflowed in compressed air. Reduction of the oxygen content from 1000 ppm to 50 ppm, reduces the initiation energy of impact. The impact fractured surfaces occur between the printed circuit board (PCB) pads and solder joints, i.e., in the brittle intermetallics region. The pores and impurities are mainly distributed within a ring at perimeter of the interface, with greater density at the edges than at the center. Reflow in a nitrogen ambient reduces the defect density, with reduction in oxygen content further reducing the density. Impact cracks begin from the defects of the Cu/solder interface, and propagate along the intermetallics.


Ordinary (customary) light gauge steel framing is a convenient construction technology; however, given the studs low axial capacity, has been mainly considered for short buildings in low seismicity regions. This paper investigates the bounds of this type of steel framing (in moderate and high seismicity areas) by designing the structures of three representative 5, 7 and 10-story buildings in order to examine their feasibility. The necessity of using built-up columns consisting of two or more sections is observed. The axial capacity of studs is estimated by code-type analyses. The critical buckling stress is determined with well-known closed-form expressions; as they do not contemplate the flexibility of the screwed connections (in built-up sections), the obtained results are complemented with those of Finite Strip Method and Generalized Beam Theory formulations


Abstract: A crane is a machine that is primarily used to handle big weights in a variety of jobs. For instance, building work, shipbuilding, cargo transportation, and the cement industry may all benefit from this technology since it allows them to monitor and control their video processing systems using a PC. Cranes are frequently utilized in the industrial sector around the world to boost productivity and minimize personnel. Cranes are used to transport loads from one location to another. During this movement, there are typically unwanted vibrations and variations in the hoisted weight that must be managed. This paper gives a review of a new way for operating an overhead crane that uses a PC (Portable Computer), RF (Radio Frequency), and video processing approach to operate the crane from a certain distance. The crane movement is now controlled directly by the crane operator; nevertheless, due to the human inability to handle the crane efficiently, the crane speed is severely limited. This procedure allows a single employee to handle the crane from a greater distance by watching the location of each and every movement towards and away from the crane using a video processing technology and a radio frequency controlling system. The technology use computer vision to identify load location, which is then used to optimize crane operation. The intimation of the PC monitors reveals that the accident levels to become decline for handling the overhead crane even by operator, according to the technology for sustaining job.


Geometric error of 3-axis vertical machine composes of 21 components. The paper proposes a method to measure the space position errors by cross grid encoder. A relational model has been developed between spatial position errors and geometrical errors. An off line spatial error compensation model has been proposed by taking into accounting of the property of back-propagation neural network.Finally, the paper also validated the feasibility of compensation method in practical NC machine tools by measuring and dealing with the data of experiment. Providing a new way for the compensation of positional error.


Using liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, saturated biomarkers were investigated in 118 core samples from Lower Cretaceous mudstones of the Yenisei Khatanga trough. Also, the organic carbon content in the rocks was determined and Rock-Eval pyrolysis was made. It has been established that Lower Cretaceous rocks of the Lower Kheta and Shuratov Formations could generate liquid hydrocarbons, but not in so significant amounts as the Jurassic deposits


The clinical picture of liver disease in endemic areas of Schistosomiasis mansoni differs in many ways from that observed in alcoholic and other types of cirrhosis. In hepatosplenic schistosomiasis there is predominance of the clinical manifestations of portal hypertension, e.g., bleeding esophageal varices, while ascites, jaundice, and hepatic precoma or coma are much less common. Ammonia tolerance is usually normal and helps explain the low mortality rate during bleeding. Of special interest is the observation of a high incidence of persistent hepatitis B surface antigenemia among patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, suggesting increased susceptibility of such patients to the development of virus-induced chronic active hepatitis. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2


Friction stir welding - FSW is a relatively new welding process, which is increasingly used in industry, due to the advantages which it has in relation to conventional processes (by melting and adhesions). The advantages of the FSW welding process (as a solid phase welding process) are all the more obvious in the case of joining copper and its alloys, because they have a high melting temperature and high thermal diffusivity. The influence of the technological parameters of the process, the tool rotational speed and the welding feed, on the temperature and the axial force, as well as on the quality of the joint surface is presented. The study shows that the stabilization of the process takes place after a certain time from the beginning of the advance stage and highlighted the major influence of the tool rotational speed on the process temperature, surface defects and the roughness of the joint surface.


Process heat applications were compared to solar thermal technologies. The generic process heat applications were analyzed for solar thermal technology utilization, using SERI's PROSYS/ECONOMAT model in an end use matching analysis and a separate analysis was made for solar ponds. Solar technologies appear attractive in a large number of applications. Low temperature applications at sites with high insolation and high fuel costs were found to be most attractive. No one solar thermal technology emerges as a clearly universal or preferred technology, however,, solar ponds offer a potential high payoff in a few, selected applications. It was shown that troughs and flat plate systems are cost effective in a large number of applications.


Twenty six primary school headteachers in the Midlands of England were interviewed about headteacher appraisal at a point when all of them had been appraised at least once and when in most cases they had been involved in the appraisal of other heads. One set of questions related to the benefits heads perceived that they had received from the headteacher appraisal process. The majority of heads did perceive such benefits and this article explores the nature of these claimed benefits. They included the opportunity to reflect on one or two longer term developmental issues, as opposed to the normal headteacher routine of crisis management on a number of fronts simultaneously; the chance to have a second opinion on their managerial practice; the feeling that someone was observing their work with care and could give praise when due; the possibility of making comparisons with the practice of other heads. Some heads felt they gained more benefits from being an appraiser of other heads than from being appraised th...


Many properties of the atmosphere affect the quality of images propagating through it by blurring it and reducing its contrast, as well as blur. Use of the standard Wiener filter for correction of atmospheric blur is often not effective because, although aerosol MTF (modulation transfer function) is rather deterministic, turbulence MTF is random. The atmospheric Wiener filter is one method for overcoming turbulence jitter. The recently developed atmospheric Wiener filter, which corrects for turbulence blur, aerosol blur, and path radiance simultaneously, is implemented here in digital restoration of Landsat TM (thematic mapper) imagery over seven wavelength bands of the satellite instrumentation. Turbulence MTF is calculated from meteorological data or estimated if no meteorological data were measured. Aerosol MTF is consistent with optical depth. The product of the two yields atmospheric MTF, which is implemented in the atmospheric Wiener filter. Restoration improves both smallness of size of resolvable detail and contrast. Restorations are quite apparent even under clear weather conditions. Techniques for high resolution restoration involving more versatile filtering techniques, such as Kalman's and adaptive methods, are considered by filter comparison.


Despite the steady improvement in electrification rates in low income and developing countries (LIDCs) in the last few decades, an estimated 16 per cent of the global population – over one thousand million people, largely concentrated in India and sub-Saharan Africa – still lack access. Progress toward the Sustainable Development Goal of universal access by 2030 remains elusive in sub-Saharan Africa, where population growth matches the electrification rate. Even these statistics are gross underestimates of the true magnitude of access challenges, given the inconsistencies in how electrification is measured by various governments, as well as the financial and psychological costs imposed on the millions more living with unreliable power.


The eye is protected against bright light by the natural aversion response to viewing bright light sources. The aversion response normally protects the eye against injury from viewing bright light sources such as the sun, arc lamps and welding arcs, since this aversion limits the duration of exposure to a fraction of a second (about 0.25 s). The principal retinal hazard resulting from viewing bright light sources is photoretinitis, e.g., solar retinitis with an accompanying scotoma which results from staring at the sun. Solar retinitis was once referred to as 'eclipse blindness' and associated 'retinal burn'. Only in recent years has it become clear that photoretinitis results from a photochemical injury mechanism following exposure of the retina to shorter wavelengths in the visible spectrum, i.e., violet and blue light. Prior to conclusive animal experiments at that time, it was thought to be a thermal injury mechanism. However, it has been shown conclusively that an intense exposure to short-wavelength light (hereafter referred to as 'blue light') can cause retinal injury. The product of the dose-rate and the exposure duration always must result in the same exposure dose (in joules-per-square centimeter at the retina) to produce a threshold injury. Blue-light retinal injury (photoretinitis) can result from viewing either an extremely bright light for a short time, or a less bright light for longer exposure periods. This characteristic of photochemical injury mechanisms is termed reciprocity and helps to distinguish these effects from thermal burns, where heat conduction requires a very intense exposure within seconds to cause a retinal coagulation otherwise, surrounding tissue conducts the heat away from the retinal image. Injury thresholds for acute injury in experimental animals for both corneal and retinal effects have been corroborated for the human eye from accident data. Occupational safety limits for exposure to UVR and bright light are based upon this knowledge. As with any photochemical injury mechanism must consider the action spectrum, which describes the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths in causing a photobiological effect. The action spectrum for photochemical retinal injury peaks at approximately 440 nm.