Querying in heterogeneous sensor networks is a challenging research issue due to a variety of real-world queries depending on users' preferences. Examples of queries are weather, nearby restaurants, navigation, etc. Users may ask for a breezy path starting from distinct points to distinct train stations. Sensing data collected from wide areas (city or country level) are needed to provide the real-world search as a service for users. Therefore, another challenge is a collaboration of heterogenous sensor networks because deploying sensors in wide areas is impractical. SensorMap [1] collects sensing data from independent sensor networks by allowing data owners to publish their data on the web. Sensing data from all owners are sent to a centric storage in SensorMap. However, distributed data storage is likely to be an efficient solution comparing to a centric storage in which bottleneck always occurs.


The invention relates to a carbon fiber cloth loom, comprising a frame, a shedding mechanism, a let-off mechanism, a weft insertion mechanism, a weft-yarn shut-off mechanism, and a take-up mechanism. The carbon fiber cloth loom is characterized in that the loom also comprises an automatic weft releasing and feeding mechanism composed of a sliding plate, a driving structure, a bracket, a set of guide rolls and an air claw; the weft insertion mechanism is composed of a first servo motor, a gear reducer, an arrow wheel and a rigid arrow shaft; the let-off mechanism is composed of a second servo motor, a let-off shaft, a guide shaft and a detection tension shaft; and the take-up mechanism is composed of a rewind shaft and a third servo motor. Each motion part of the loom provided by the invention is driven by an independent power source, and is controlled by a PLC (programmable logic controller) in a centralized way, so that the structure is simplified, and the operating control is convenient; the automatic weft releasing and feeding mechanism ensures that a weft yarn plate is in a specific spatial position before weft insertion, and guarantees the success of each weft insertion; the weft insertion mechanism ensures the weft yarn plate not to wear a warp yarn plate when the weft yarn plate passes through from a shed; and the weft yarn plate introduced to the shed is pushed to a cloth fell by the backward motions of the second servo motor and the third servo motor, so that the requirement for weaving large-width carbon fiber sheet is met.


The manufacturing errors of flexure hinge are accumulated in their operation, which is not conducive to the control of the motion stage and the high manufacturing accuracy leads to high costs. Therefore, a novel micro-motion stage with adjustable stiffness is proposed to ensure that the motion stage has better performance at low cost. The design formulas are deduced and verified by using finite element analysis (FEA). The practical performance of a manufactured motion stage is measured and the adjustable capability of the stage is tested. Experiment results indicate that the motion stage can effectively compensate the performance error caused by the manufacturing error of flexure hinge.


Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is now well established as an alternative to open thoracotomy for major pulmonary resections of bronchogenic carcinoma and benign disease (1,2). Compared to open surgery, the minimally invasive approach has a number of benefits in the immediate post-operative period that include reduced pain, better pulmonary function, shorter hospital stay, improved cosmesis and lower risk of developing pneumonia (3-7). VATS lobectomy is equivalent to open surgery in terms of oncological outcomes, is less immunomodulatory and enables more patients to commence and complete adjuvant chemotherapeutic regimens (7-10). Furthermore, minimally invasive techniques are cost effective and at least equivalent to open techniques in terms of long-term survival (11-13).

Whilst the anterior approach is preferred by many surgeons, the main advantages of the posterior approach in our experience is the excellent view that is obtained of the posterior hilum which facilitates dissection of the bronchi and branches of the pulmonary artery. In addition, the mediastinal node packets are clearly seen, allowing thorough lymphadenectomy. Importantly, in the posterior approach the tips of the instruments come towards the camera and are therefore easily seen whilst in use increasing the safety of dissection.

More than 800 VATS major pulmonary resections have been performed in our centre over the last 20 years (Video 1) and we here describe our method for fissure-based VATS lobectomy using a posterior approach.

Video 1

Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy - The Edinburgh posterior approach

Pre-operative assessment
Selection criteria
We have adopted VATS resecetion as the surgical strategy of choice for all cases of peripheral carcinoma of 5 cm or less in diameter and for suitable benign disease. Lobectomy and anatomic segmentectomy are standard procedures. It is possible to utilise VATS techniques in patients with more advanced disease such as moderate chest wall or pericardial involvement and, rarely, for pneumonectomy in patients with low bulk hilar involvement. However with the trend towards lung conservation strategies, we now reserve pneumonectomy for rare individuals in whom broncho-vascular reconstruction is not feasible.


This paper reviews the studies based on meditation, vigilance and stress states. Studies in behavioral sciences however pay attention to vigilance and problem of vigilance i.e. decrement phenomenon which can be explained with different viewpoint like arousal, resource, expectation but not a single approach talk about task induce stress, person's state of mind during task or remedy for this stress.


Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the major economically important crops worldwide. Potato late blight disease (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) is the major bottleneck in potato production in Ethiopia. Selection of appropriate planting time is highly location specific and the most important subject in rain-fed potato production. However, there is no research recommendation pertaining to appropriate planting time with minimum fungicide application frequency due consideration of the environmental condition of high land area of Arsi (Kulumsa). Thus, field experiment was carried out to evaluate the interaction effect of planting time and fungicide application frequency on disease severity, yield and qualities of potato at Kulumsa during main cropping season of 2017. The treatments consisted of four planting time (15 th and 30 th of June and July) and four fungicide application frequencies (none, once, twice and three times) applied in the rate of 2.5 kg ha -1 using 400 litters of water (0.00625 g ml -1 ) which were combined in 4 x 4 factorial arrangement and laid out in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Data were collected on growth, disease severity, yield, yield components and quality parameters and analyzed using SAS Version 9.3 statistical software. The result showed that early planting (15 th of June) delayed emergence, flowering and physiological maturity by about 5, 6 and 10 days, respectively and increased plant height by 10.68 cm compared to the last planting on 30 th July. The interaction effect between treatments showed a highly significant (p<0.01) difference on disease incidence and area under disease progress curve and a significant (p<0.05) difference on percent severity index. Early planting in June produced significantly heavier tuber weight (83.80 g) which progressively reduced in subsequent plantings, whereas delay planting in July resulted in higher unmarketable yield. Tuber specific gravity (1.092) and dry matter content (23.02) showed the highest value in early planting on 15 th of June and decreased with late planting dates of July. Correlation analysis also indicated that the relationship between marketable tuber yield with plant height and average tuber weight was positive and highly significant (P<0.01). On the other hand, negative and highly significant correlations were determined between plant height, leaf area index and marketable tuber yield with unmarketable tuber yield. Partial budget analysis shows that early planting on 15 th of June and twice fungicide applied treatments gave the highest marginal net benefit (139, 408.89 ETB ha -1 ) which is 36.8% more benefit than control. Therefore, based on the findings of the current study, early planting in June at the on-set of rain fall and twice fungicide application has been identified as the best time of planting and fungicide application frequency in terms of yield and partial budget analysis to produce potato efficiently and effectively in the study area. So it would be advisable conducting the experiment with different improved potato cultivars, planting time and fungicide application frequency to assess their response to late blight severity.


When analyzing the composition of microorganisms in the teeth after primary and repeated endodontic treatment, it is concluded that the composition is limited to very specific variety of microorganisms, with the predominance of Gram-positive facultative anaerobes. The choice of methods and tools for the treatment of chronic forms of periodontitis remains relevant in therapeutic dentistry. The possibilities of bacteriological diagnostics make it possible to selectively target and use antibacterial drugs in the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis with minimum complications and maximum clinical effect. In this article, comparative analysis of treatment results of patients with chronic apical periodontitis is considered.


Abstract Sport and recreation organisations can play a key role in the development of physical activity strategies in health promotion. There is a paucity of research that has examined the engagement of a wide range of sport and recreation organisations in partnership approaches that promote active lifestyles. This research used a multiple‐case study protocol to explore partnership development between a range of professional (e.g., paid recreation staff) and volunteer organisations (e.g., club‐based sport). A total of 22 partnership members were interviewed from eight sport and recreation partnership programs funded by the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (VicHealth) in Australia. Content analysis was used to analyse the interviews with reference to a public health partnership framework. In partnership formation, results showed that representatives from professional organisations shared interests in health promotion goals, while volunteer organisations focused on increases in club membership; professionals lacked organisational capacity in terms of leadership and skills while volunteers lacked human resource capacity. Engaging the sport and recreation sector in partnerships that aim to promote active lifestyles requires long‐term commitment from funding agencies and partnering organisations. The design of pragmatic programs that build on the core business of each participating organisation, irrespective of whether they share a common mission, is important.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the relevance of "carrot and stick" (transactional) leadership style in predicting employees' job satisfaction in a modern business organization. Design/methodology/approach - The study was cross-sectional in nature and made use of structured questionnaire to collect data. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the respondents. In total, 215 questionnaires were returned by respondents out of the 220 administered. Taylor and Bowers (1974) overall job satisfaction questionnaire and Bass and Avolio (2004) multifactor leadership questionnaire, were used to measure job satisfaction ( Findings - Results indicated significant and positive relationship between managers transactional leadership style and employees overall job satisfaction ( Originality/value - This study adds to research that transactional leadership is broadly ideal for employees of manufacturing firms in Ghana where tasks are routine, objectives are clearly stated and work outputs can easily be measured.


A substrate step technique has been used to fabricate superconducting NbN weak links of length ∼750 A, width ∼1.5 μm. The film in the weak‐link region is less than 100 A thick, and shows evidence of being granular. These devices have very high resistance (as much as 30 Ω), are quite rugged, and show almost ideal Josephson response to microwave radiation at 70 GHz. A vortex flow model is expected to apply because of the small coherence length in the weak‐link material. However, the well‐known resistively shunted junction model is found to be a significantly better predictor of device behavior.


-1 . The practical applications are oriented towards the fabrication of new structures and devices. The compatibility of the nanocrystalline silicon-based materials with the classic mono- and/or polycrystalline silicon (bulk or thin films) permits the use of these new materials for the integrated micro- and optoelectronics, photonic crystals, biomedical applications or efficient sensors (1 - 10). Various mechanisms for the electrical transport in nc- Si and Si-based nanostructures were investigated. We will consider only the nanocrystalline porous silicon (nc-PS) and the Si nanodots embedded in an amorphous SiO2 matrix (Si - SiO2). For nc-PS, the hopping processes at low temperatures with thermal activation at high temperatures (11), Poole-Frenkel tunneling (12), fractal percolation (13), generation-recombination phenomena in the depletion region (14), and dangling bonds governing the Al / nc-PS junction (15), were considered. For Si - SiO2, the transport inside the nanodots is ballistic (16), and tunneling under Coulomb blockade occurs between nanodots (17). A special role is played by the QC. It produces the enlargement of the band gap (18) and the breakdown of the momentum conservation rule (19), as well as the appearance of new energy levels, that introduce (additional) activation energies in the temperature


The discrete cosine transform (DCT) has already been applied to real number error control coding. In the Letter the class of BCH decodable DCT codes is enlarged to form a parity check matrix.


The indirect methods developed to study cerebral blood flow, namely, the dye dilution technique of Gibbs, Maxwell & Gibbs (1947), and the nitrous oxide gas method of Kety (1948), which have been applied with great success in man, are not applicable to the sheep and calf. This is because the venous vascular anatomy of these ruminant species has no convenient point such as the bulb of the internal jugular vein in man for sampling blood flowing exclusively from the brain. Batson (1944) has stressed the pitfalls inherent in attempts to measure the cerebral blood flow in animal species where the arterial supply to the brain is complex. He states, 'because of the extensive anastomoses between the brain vessels and the extracranial organs, it appears that any animal with a rete mirabile is unsuitable for measurement of cerebral blood flow from the arterial side'. These remarks certainly apply to the sheep and calf, for it has been shown that a vessel suitable for the insertion of a meter to measure cerebral blood flow directly and exclusively is not available (Baldwin, 1960; Baldwin & Bell, 1963 a). The direct thermoelectric technique developed by Grayson (1956) measures the flow only in the area of the recording electrodes, and does not claim to represent total cerebral blood flow. In order to make an estimate of the blood flow to the brain in the sheep and calf it was decided to make direct measurements of carotid and vertebral flow, using the density flowmeter described by Dawes, Mott & Vane (1953). In addition, the effects of clamping one or more of the carotid and vertebral arteries on flow rates in the other vessels conveying blood to the brain have been examined. Rein (1929) reported that in the dog clamping one common carotid caused an increase in flow in the contralateral carotid artery, and believed this result was initiated by cephalic reflex vasodilatation caused by the


In this paper titled "Non-linear power law approach for spatial and temporal pattern analysis of salt marsh evolution", Taramelli et al. analyze the spatial distribution of vegetation pattern sizes and show that the probability distribution of cluster size might not follow a power law relationship. In the tail of the distribution, in fact, data may show a non-linearity (in a log-lo plot) and lie outside of a power law. The Authors argue that changes in the main climatic and hydrodynamic variables are responsible for such a behavior.


This study was focused on the elucidation of the temperature dependence of the expansion coefficient of a number of composite dental filling materials, such as Composite, Alert, Filtek Z250, Valux Plus, Charisma, and Admira Flow.


A simple apparatus has been developed which enables a small component sample to be subjected to continuous thermal cycling. The sample is immersed in an inert fluid, a fluorochemical, contained in a vertical tube. The lower end of the fluid is cooled to -30°C and the upper part is heated to boiling point, 100°C. The sample is alternately raised and lowered in the tube and is thus subjected to continuous thermal cycling. The transition rate is 100degC min-1, each cycle being based on thermal conditions which may be encountered in high-performance aircraft. Tests show that components exhibit failure mechanisms which may not appear under conventional tests.


There is insufficient effective management systems to achieve project goalsin disaster and safety R&D. Therefore, to develop an R&D performance management system, this paper develops a R&D performance management matrix based on PMBOK to systematize a process and to enhance efficiency of performance management. Also, this paper identified vulnerable procedures in disaster management by analyzing related laws, work process and performance. Analysis results found that the performance management matrix in disaster management R&D consists of 5 process groups, 7 knowledge areas and 47 processes. Also, the performance of the diffusion knowledge process was evaluated as weak in the present management system. This study defined ITO and developed a data flow diagram for applicationto related work. The suggestions of this study include the related work to enhance R&D performance, contribute to improving diffusion of R&D performance, and enhance the utilization of developed technologies.


Rotifer cultures of Brachionus Nevada and Cayman were grown semi-continuously, fed live Rhodmonas baltica algae, and cultures were diluted daily (20% day−1). The enrichment diets Marol E (triacylglycerol-rich) and PL (cod roe emulsion, phospholipid-rich) were added to both cultures (Nevada 40 ng ind−1 day−1 and Cayman 25 ng ind−1 day−1, respectively). After 4 days of enrichment (dilution rate: 20% day−1), Cayman rotifers–fed Marol E had comparable (P > 0.05) quantitative amounts of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3) to natural harvested copepods, which were analysed for comparison, and the Cayman strain had generally more efficient incorporation of HUFAs (highly unsaturated fatty acids) than the Nevada strain. However, the percentage DHA of the total fatty acids in copepods were much higher than in enriched rotifers (P < 0.05). The PC-DHA (DHA in phosphatidylcholine) and PE-DHA (DHA in phosphatidylethanolamine) levels of copepods were up to 50%, which was highly unlikely for rotifers to reach. The increase of DHA in total phospholipids of rotifers was mainly due to an increase of DHA in PC, whereas the PE-DHA was only weakly affected by dietary lipids. The per cent PC-DHA levels in rotifers were positively related to the total dietary DHA levels (P < 0.0001), independent of the PC-DHA content in the diets.


Integration of pharmacokinetics(PK)/pharmacodynamics(PD)in antibiotic drug development allows the dosage regimen to be optimized,so that the desired effect can be achieved in a large proportion of the target patient population.In vitro kinetic and in vivo animal models have been extensively used in the evaluation of antibiotics.The value of these pre-clinical models in the PK and PD characterization of antibiotics is critically reviewed.A model based clinical development of antibiotics with integrating MIC distribution,PK parameter distribution,the PD target from animal models of infection,and the protein binding of the test drug,is also reviewed.


Maintaining the health of a newborn's skin is an essential part of infant care and the choice of nappies and hygienic nappy-care plays an important role in achieving this. The critical care points where compromise can occur are identified as the time the infant spends in a wet nappy, leading to mechanical, chemical and microbial trauma, the cleansing routine of the skin at nappy change time, the steps taken to preserve the skin's own defence mechanisms, and control of infection through avoiding contamination of clothes, bedding and carers by soil and urine. There are factors common to infant care in both home and hospital although it is recognised there are added risks when many infants are cared for together.


Christie, Vicki and Dawn raise some really valid and pertinent thoughts and as I reflect on their guest editorial in our current Global crisis, the nexus between my two own areas of specialty becomes increasingly pellucid. After leaving clinical neuroscience practice for academia, immunisation and public health intervention is the mainstay of my clinical practice. Preventative health care measures have never been so imperative. From hand hygiene, cough etiquette and the elusive Covid-19 (SARS-CoV2) vaccine we are exposed to unparalleled and extraordinary media and social media coverage (Khan, Ali, Siddique, & Nabi, 2020). The current Covid19 health crisis is stretching our health resources, nurses and medical staff to their absolute limits. Until recently it has been neurotropic viruses such as the measles virus that have generally been associated with central nervous system pathologies. However respiratory viruses including influenza and coronaviruses are emerging with neuropathological elements (Bohmwald, Gálvez, Ríos, & Kalergis, 2018). So what do we know about the history and impact of pandemics and how do novel respiratory viruses relate to neuroscience?


actual physical destruction, such as brought by the Taiping War (p.87). Simultaneously, although the recent flourishing of scholarship on religion has definitively banished 'the notion that religion was somehow absent from or unimportant in the making of modern China' (p. 5), an essential question follows: did religions actively engage in state-making, after the manner of revolutionaries and reformists, or were they mere instruments of the dominant stratum in the context of anti-religious and political campaigns? To portray a more concrete role of religion in modern and contemporary China, further research is needed. Of course, these represent just a few of the many provocative debates, which must be left for readers to explore on their own. Modern Chinese Buddhism is extremely complex, so that almost no single work or even a series of works could be all-encompassing or impeccable. Scott's effort represents an expert and ambitious depiction of the cycle of decay and revival of Buddhist monasteries, one aspect of the Chinese religious landscape in modern times. Given its wealth of erudition and insight, this volume is recommended to every scholar of Buddhism, East Asian religions, and comparative studies. We naturally look forward to Scott's further interpretations on the issues raised, along with relevant responses from other scholars.


According to Rokeach ( 4 ) freedom and equality are dominant values in America. His findings indicate that the value equality discriminates best between conservative and liberal orientations in the United States. Mueller ( 3 ) , however, found differences between liberals and conservatives for both values of freedom and equality as did Linder and Bauer ( 2 ) . The greatest difference between conservatives and liberals in their study was reported for equality, as noted by Rokeach (4) . Since we applied an Interpersonal Perception Method (1 ) to the Rokeach Value Survey ( 4 ) with an emphasis on the values freedom and equality, we were able to assess each group's own point of view (direct perspectives), each group's perception of the other's point of view (metaperspectives) , and each group's view of the other's perception of itself (meca-metaperspectives). In the present study we compared the direct perspective of each group with its own meca-metaperspective. This last comparison (1) discloses rhe feeling of being understood or misunderstood by the other group. The present analysis of these comparisons used the original data ( 2 ) . A significant difference betureen one group's direct perspective and its own meta-metaperspeaive indicates that they feel misunderstood by the other group concerning that value. The probability level accepted 6 .01; others are noted below. Sign statistics, based on a comparison of 57 conservatives' direct perspective and meta-meraperspeaive, indicated that conservatives feel misunderstood by the 57 liberals concerning the value freedom but feel understood regarding the equality value ( p = .13). Conservatives also feel misunderstood by liberals on the following values: A comfortable life, An exciting life, Happiness, Inner harmony, Mature love, National security, Social recognition, and True friendship. Conservatives feel understood by liberals regarding the following values: A sense of accomplishment ( p = .23), A world of peace ( p = .09), A world of beauty ( p = .13), Family security ( p = .04), Pleasure ( f i = . l o ) , Salvation ( 9 = .04), Self-respect ( p = .03), and Wisdom ( p = .03). Liberals feel understood by conservatives regarding freedom ( f i = .66) but feel misunderstood regarding equality. Other values that liberals feel misunderstood about are: An exciting life, A world of peace, A world of beauty, Family security, Inner harmony, Pleasure, Self-respect, and Wisdom. Liberals feel understood on these values: A comfortable life ( p = .24), A sense of accomplishment ( p = .04), Happiness ( p = .20), Mature love ( p = .05), National security ( p = .13), Salvation ( p = .45), Social recognition ( p = .0G), True friendship ( p = .02). The data indicate that conservative and liberal students feel misunderstood by each other on 9 of the 18 values reported. These sets of values are nearly nonoverlapping, i.e., both groups feel misunderstood on two of the values (An exciting life and Inner harmony), while neither group feels misunderstood on two values ( A sense of accomplishment and Salvation).


Multistatic radar is a promising option for the low-cost collection of multiple-Doppler weather observations. However, due to the use of low-directivity antennas at the receivers in these systems, they typically suffer from extremely high two-way sidelobe levels compared to monostatic radars. Doppler velocity estimation biases induced by sidelobe contamination have proved to be a significant obstacle to more widespread adoption of this technology. It has been noted in the existing literature that the technique of sidelobe whitening, first developed for use in monostatic systems, has the potential to mitigate this issue. However, the existing sidelobe whitening algorithm is not suitable for use in this application, as it is only capable of achieving whitening in the two-way antenna pattern, whereas an algorithm to be used in the multistatic case must be able to achieve this result in the transmit pattern alone. This article proposes an alternate sidelobe whitening technique based on the method of alternating projections which allows for effective whitening in the one-way antenna pattern. A multistatic weather radar time-series simulator is used in conjunction with numerical weather prediction data to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in mitigating multiple-Doppler measurement biases.


Introduction 1.Teacher Stress in the Low-Trust Society 2.Failing Schools, Failing Education 3.Bullying in the Workplace: The Emotional Politics of Teacher Stress 4.Careers Under Stress: Teacher Adaptations at a Time of Intensive Reform 5.Coping with Stress 6.Trusting in Teamwork: Th e Low-Stress School 7.Prevention is Better than Cure: Implications for Policy


Objective
To comprehend the length of antibacterial agent transfusion in clinical and analyze its influencing factors.

Methods
Sixteen medical and surgical wards were selected by cluster sampling method in Peking University Third Hospital, and the top three antibacterial agents from nursing information system were chosen, the length of transfusion was acquired and the information of nurses were analyzed.

Results
The percent of standard length of antibacterial agent transfusion was 92.10%, and the lowest five rate of non-standard drug transfusion included Cefmetazole (72.72%), Metronidazole and Sodium Chloride Injection (72.72%), Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride and Sodium Choride Injection (75.00%), Ceftazidime (76.47%) and Vancomycin Hydrochloride Enzeme (85.00%). The different departments of nurses and antibacterial agent impacted the rate of standard transfusion (χ2=44.872, 138.524, respectively; P<0.05), they also affected the percent of standard length of antibacterial agent transfusion (F=8.009, 18.639, respectively; P<0.05).

Conclusions
The standard rate of antibacterial agent should be improved, training of nursing and management of manager should be strengthened for low standard rate of medicine and departments.

Key words:
Infusion, intravenous; Antibacterial agent; Influencing factors


Amorphous silica is an intrinsic challenging system to study. In the last decades, some particular chemical properties have been discovered and described, but their description and understanding at the molecular level are experimentally difficult. Therefore, theoretical quantum chemical methods and descriptors, combined with experimental input, are a very appropriate set up to tackle this topic. In this study, the acidity of silanol groups of amorphous silica in hydrated conditions is investigated. Special attention has been drawn to the chemical shift, but also Bader charges, and vibrational frequencies with their intensities. The known bimodal acidity behavior was recovered and rationalized. The findings support that the chemistry of the silica surface is not determined by a single site or a family of sites but by a broad distribution of very different geometries of silanol groups in a H-bond network that can eventually show very acidic and at the same time very basic properties.


The retrogradation properties of lotus root starch(with excessive water and limited water)were studied with blue values and enzyme hydrolysbility.Results indicated:With the passage of storage time,blue values of starch paste decreased gradually at a little rate and enzyme hydrolysbility levelled off after little decline.However,blue values of starch levelled after drastcial decrease and enzyme hydrolysbility decreased gradually at a more conspicuous rate.These results fully demonstrated that lotus root starch with limited water could accelerate retrogradation.


Enterprise 111 is a personal computer-based management simulation that was developed for the Introduction to Business student. In its simplest use, the decision set requires minimal conceptual and quantitative skills. However, the player's manual, instructor's guide, and administrator's report expand the sophistication of the simulation making it appropriate for courses in Small Business Management and Principle's of Management.


This volume presents the proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Artificial Life (ALIFE 2019) which took place 29 July – 2 August 2019 in Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (https://2019.alife.org/). The International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems (ALIFE) and the European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL) have been the major meeting of the artificial life (ALife) research community since 1987 and 1991, respectively. Starting with ALIFE 2018 in Tokyo, Japan, these two conferences have merged into the Conference on Artificial Life. This year, the merged ALIFE conference for the first time replaces what would have been an ECAL conference previously. Hosting it in Europe seemed fitting.


An issue that has long concerned historians of colonial America is that of the social origins of the English men and women who came to the New World in bondage. It has been estimated that half of all white immigration to the thirteen colonies was made up of indentured servants; therefore no quantitative description of the labour force or the social structure of colonial America is possible without some knowledge of what kinds of people bound themselves to serve in return for passage to the colonies. Historians' assessments of these early immigrants have ranged widely, from Abbot Emerson Smith's judgment that they were 'the most ignorant and idle' of English contemporaries to Mildred Campbell's view that 'most were drawn from the middling classes…the productive groups in England's working population'.


Substantial reinforcement of the electrification distribution system is an inherent requirement of modern main-line railway upgrade projects. This is particularly true of lines which are intended to operate as future high-speed/dense service routes, such as the UK West Coast Main Line. The use of autotransformer feeding is the most efficient design for high-power distribution on heavily loaded lines, and provides a system with the capacity for future load growth at minimal cost. New high-speed double-track lines have widely adopted the 2 × 25 kV autotransformer distribution system as standard. However, application of the autotransformer system to a multi-track existing route such as the West Coast Main Line, together with implementation and conversion whilst maintaining a service, have been considered in the past to be impractical. This has severely limited the options for future electrification system development. This presentation describes the development of the first conversion of a 25 kV-electrified line to autotransformer feeding in the UK: namely the West Coast autotransformer system Test Site between Long Buckby Wharf and Blisworth in Northamptonshire. The development of this site has been based upon providing a design which can be applied to the route with minimal disruption to service, and also provide for future multi-track autotransformer feeding. The approach is based upon the use of enhanced modelling and simulation techniques. The presentation considers traction load analysis, signalling interference suppression, distribution system design, and protection and control systems. In particular the use of non-standard and novel system design is considered as a means of phasing the introduction of autotransformer feeding and conversion to a full route autotransformer system. (2 pages)


Objective To analyze the value of CT in the diagnosis of emergency intestinal obstruction(EIOB)caused by colon carcinoma.Methods 17 cases with EIOB caused by colon carcinoma were submitted to CT scanning.Contrast enhanced scans were performed in 11 cases.The locations and characters of EIOB in CT imaging were recorded and compared with operation results.Results The locations of the obstructions were 3 cases in cecum,1 in ascending colon,1 in transverse colon,2 in descending colon,and 10 in sigmoid colon.Compared with operation results,the accuracy of CT in locating obstruction was 94%,and in qualitative diagnosis of colon carcinomas was 70%.Conclusion CT can display very well the obstruction location of EIOB,and It has certain value in character izing colon carcinoma with EIOB.


It is an important link to judge the shooting performance of light weapons.This paper analyses the main positioning technology and target-reporting system at home and abroad.The application of positioning technology in target-reporting system and its advantages and disadvantages are discussed, and the future development direction of targetreporting system is pointed out.


The theory and model of cladding on diamond are introduced in this paper.At the same time,the fabricated ways such as electroless-electroplating,VD,salt-bath plating,and CVLT are mentioned.We compared advantages and disadvantages of all kind of ways which are mentioned above,and finally we described the characterizations of cladding on diamond.


Sugarcane is the most common commercial crop grown worldwide, which is grown in tropical and subtropical countries of the world. Sugarcane is the world's second largest crop in production with about 188.25 million metric tonnes of cane during 2018-19 and provides 60 to 70% of the world sugar. Sugarcane is a common raw material for sugar and jaggery. As the production is high, the development of sub products from sugarcane is also high where juice has its equal importance. Additionally, cane juice is mostly used as a "refreshner" during summer to replace the artificial beverages. The sugarcane juice can be obtained by squeezing through extractors. Apart from that, as per health point of view many of consumers show more interest on sugarcane juice than other cool drinks. In major countries of South Asia, sugarcane juice extraction is the main occupation for small scale road side venders. The extracted juice quality can be improved by separating the sugarcane peel prior to juice extraction. The ancient method of sugarcane peeling is done manually with help of knife. But this method is more tedious, ineffective and prone to injuries. Moreover, the extracted juice contains a lot of suspended solids and impurities, which affects the quality, taste and colour due to presence of wax and other plant impurities. To reach the above limitations, a low cost sugarcane peeler for small scale venders was developed. The maximum value of machine production efficiency obtained as 74.9% with the peeling capacity of 3 canes per minute.


This study investigates teaching artists whose work is rooted in dance and theater. Although the term remains both ambiguous and debated, teaching artists provide a good deal of arts education delivery in P–12 and afterschool programs throughout the United States. Based on survey data from a range of teaching artists across the nation (N = 133), this study presents emergent trends including: (1) lack of preparation, (2) workplace issues and challenges, and (3) mixed attitudes regarding teaching artist professionalization and credentialing. We conclude with several recommendations for postsecondary curriculum development in dance and theater degree programs.


Knowledge service is the integration of knowledge and services in which knowledge serves as a resource to be provided for consumers so as to achieve the purposes of knowledge exchanging, knowledge sharing and problem solving. This paper first introduces the typical knowledge service models, and then makes a review of the knowledge service system architecture raised in recent years. On that basis, a kind of active knowledge service system architecture is proposed.


WHEN THE National Commission on Excellence in Education submitted A Nation at Risk to Secretary of Education Terrel Bell on 26 April 1983, there was little to suggest that this report would shine a spotlight on education education that would last a quarter of a century. Indeed, not long after the release of this document, critics were already downplaying its recommendations. "The truth is," wrote one, "that the public schools are doing the job well, the product is viable, and the public is receiving what they need from the schools." (1) It was only natural for educators to defend their practice and their profession. Since the shock of Sputnik in 1957, the education establishment had apparently rebounded and, in the view of many Americans, had responded appropriately. Educators were clearly stung by many of the recommendations contained within A Nation at Risk. In addressing the recommendation that noneducators with subject-area expertise should be considered for teaching positions, one central office administrator responded, "Teachers know content. What they don't know is how to be a psychologist, counselor, policeman, diplomat, disciplinarian, referee, entertainer, and magician, all at the same time." (2) In the early and mid-1980s, few administrators realized that they would spend the next 25 years serving as apologists for their profession. I was principal of a junior high school in 1983, and I retired as superintendent in 2005, well into the era of No Child Left Behind (NCLB). One constant in all those intervening years was the need to respond to criticism of the schools by legislators, business interests, and members of the general public. Here I wish to examine the years between 1983 and NCLB in an effort to determine whether we school administrators really are experiencing "deja vu all over again." SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION IN THE GOOD OLD DAYS The common perception of the years before the era of reform attributed to A Nation at Risk is that most administrators were managers. School boards were happy with principals and superintendents who could build good schedules, discipline students, construct and manage budgets, and deal successfully with the community. It was widely believed that administrators came largely from the ranks of coaching or from the nation's corps of band directors. Educators with such backgrounds were supposedly used to organizing, planning, and dealing with relatively large groups of people. Administrators were expected to recognize good teaching talent and then turn those teachers loose in the classroom to instruct the nation's youths. Teachers were expected to be the instructional experts. Curriculum development was typically reduced to the process of selecting textbooks. Both building-level and district administrators were overwhelmingly male and were expected to be transmitters of the educational culture of the school district. If a school was orderly and the parents were happy, everything was copacetic. With the release of A Nation at Risk, things began to change. The report seemed to have struck a chord with much of the American public, and a sleeping tiger had been awakened. Or to paraphrase one writer, the reform movement was a political cause in search of a theme, and A Nation at Risk became that theme. (3) Unbeknownst to administrators at the time, their world was about to shift dramatically. The document contained a recommendation addressing "Leadership and Fiscal Support." The National Commission on Excellence in Education specifically targeted the difference between management and leadership in its first implementing recommendation, proclaiming, "The Commission stresses the distinction between leadership skills involving persuasion, setting goals and developing community consensus behind them, and managerial and supervisory skills. Although the latter are necessary, we believe that schools boards must consciously develop leadership skills at the school and district levels if the reforms we propose are to be achieved. …


Two wheeled vehicular accidents are estimated for a substantial number of civilian's deaths & disabilities world-wide and in different regions of India. This study draws attention to the profile, pattern of injuries & causes of death among the road users who died in two wheeler accidents. This autopsy oriented study was carried out during the calendar year 2013 at the union territory (Puducherry). Post-mortem data of all the two wheeler related fatalities were tabulated, critically analysed and arrived at conclusions.


The crystal structure of the title compound, 8-amino-1,3-dimethyl-7-(4-morpholinobutyl)-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione, C15H24N6O3, (III), is described and compared with that of 8-amino-7-(2-hydroxy-3-morpholinopropyl)theophylline, (I). The molecules of (III) have a typical geometry. In the purine fused-ring system the six-membered ring is planar to within 0.006 (2) A, the five-membered ring is planar to within 0.011 (2) A and they are inclined at 0.72 (8)°. The aminoalkyl side chain in the 7 position of the theophylline has a gauche-trans-gauche-gauche-gauche conformation and that conformation may be influenced by a weak N—H⋯N intramolecular hydrogen bond. The morpholine ring adopts a chair conformation with the puckering parameters Q = 0.560 (2) A, θ = 178.5 (2)° [Cremer & Pople (1975). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 1354–1358]. The molecules in the crystal are joined in chains parallel to [010] direction by an N—H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bond. Inversion-related purine parts of the molecules overlap with each other, with the mean separation between molecular planes of 3.46 (1) A.


This paper sets up an ability-position matching model for manager's ability based on screening approach from the principal-agent theory.It proves the feasibility of identifying manager ability information which can not be revealed by the external market through firm internal incentive scheme.The comparison between two different modes of manager selection explains that the ability-matching mode is a Pareto improvement of the random selection mode,which provides a feasible approach to matching ability with the position.


The K-DOQI guidelines for bone metabolism in chronic kidney disease recommend measuring 25(OH) vitamin D levels and correcting deficiencies in stages 3 and 4 but not in ESRD. Most nephrologists are not concerned with 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency, despite evidence in hemodialysis patients that deficient vitamin D status [as measured by 25(OH) vitamin D levels] plays a role in bone disease. Peritoneal dialysis patients are often deficient in 25(OH) vitaminD in part because of peritoneal effluent losses, and correction may decrease muscle and bone complaints. Data from other populations are indicative of the importance of vitamin D in cancer surveillance and immune functioning. Randomized controlled trials of correction of 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency in both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients are urgently needed. vitaminD). The K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and diagnosis recommend obtaining a 25(OH) vitamin D level in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3 or 4 who have secondary hyperparathyroidism (1). There is considered to be sufficient residual renal 1-alpha-hydroxylase activity in the kidneys of stage 3 and 4 CKD patients for the conversion of the less active form [25(OH) vitamin D] to the more active form (1,25(OH)2 vitamin D. In CKD patients, production of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D appears to be more dependent on 25(OH) vitamin D levels than in those without kidney failure (2,3). Ergocalciferol or 25(OH) vitamin D therapy may raise serum levels of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D in dialysis patients (4–6). The K-DOQI guidelines recommend replacement in stages 3 and 4 with ergocalciferol as shown in Table 1. Because of the lack of data, replacement of 25(OH) vitamin D in stage 5 is not recommended. Instead the guidelines recommend trials in dialysis patients to determine the effect of replacing 25(OH) vitamin D (1000–2000 IU/day) on PTH and 1,25(OH)2 vitaminD levels. Historically, the assumption of most nephrologists has been that as kidney failure progresses to stage 5, there is insufficient renal enzymatic activity to influence 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D levels by correcting deficiency of 25(OH) vitamin D. Therefore, measuring 25(OH) vitamin D and replacing deficiency has not been a routine practice in dialysis patients. Generally, when a patient begins dialysis all vitamin pills containing 25(OH) vitamin D are discontinued, and patients are placed on ''renal vitamins'' containing only vitamins B and C and folic acid. There are a number of important questions that require more data to answer. First, can dialysis patients, particularly those with some residual kidney function, convert 25(OH) vitamin D to 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D2? Secondly, will correction of 25(OH) vitaminDdeficiency TABLE 1. Replacement of 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency in stage 3 and 4 CKD (1) 25(OH) vitaminD level Replacement dose of ergocalciferol < 5 ng/ml 50,000 IU onceweekly for 12 weeks 5–15 ng/ml 50,000 IU onceweekly for 4 weeks 16–30 ng/ml 50,000 IU oncemonthly Address correspondence to: Dr Beth Piraino, Suite 200, 3504 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, or e-mail: email@example.com. Seminars in Dialysis—Vol 20, No 1 (January–February) 2007 pp. 28–30 28 Shah and Piraino


Pseudoleucites up to 15 cm in width are described from subvolcanic and plutonic rocks of the Itauna and Tangua complexes in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Those occurring in subvolcanics have very well-preserved leucite morphology, whereas the plutonic pseudoleucite morphologies are less well preserved. Mineralogically the pseudoleucites contain K-rich microperthite, nepheline, and very minor amounts of analcime' pyroxene' and biotite. Chemicaiy, the pseudoleucites from the Tangua complex have compositions similar to pseudoleucites from other localities, whereas the sample from the Itauna complex is the most orthoclase-rich pseudoleucite hitherto reported. From its composition it is unlikely that the Itauna pseudoleucite was derived by any mechanism as yet proposed for the genesis of pseudoliucites. Based on its morphology relative to that of orthoclase in the host rock, this pseudoleucite cannot be considered a "pseudo-orthoclase."


Formation of color of cooked sausage products is complex and challenging technological task. Receives the results of the use for this purpose of nitrite depends on a clear run mode temperature treatment of cooked sausages. Furthermore, even with temperature conditions greatly influence the quality and color stability, antioxidants provide input to the formulation of sausage and sausage pH. However, if the temperature modes of processing of cooked sausages reliably determined, the improvement of methods for the use of antioxidants will help to achieve better results getting color of cooked sausages. It is possible as a combination of water and fat soluble antioxidants, and other techniques.This paper presents the results of studies on the use of betulin for forming the color of cooked sausages. Of the three characteristics of color hue, brightness and saturation data are given hue.


A series of novel CoFe‐based catalysts are successfully fabricated by hydrogen reduction of CoFeAl layered‐double‐hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets at 300–700 °C. The chemical composition and morphology of the reaction products (denoted herein as CoFe‐x) are highly dependent on the reduction temperature (x). CO2 hydrogenation experiments are conducted on the CoFe‐x catalysts under UV–vis excitation. With increasing LDH‐nanosheet reduction temperature, the CoFe‐x catalysts show a progressive selectivity shift from CO to CH4, and eventually to high‐value hydrocarbons (C2+). CoFe‐650 shows remarkable selectivity toward hydrocarbons (60% CH4, 35% C2+). X‐ray absorption fine structure, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that alumina‐supported CoFe‐alloy nanoparticles are responsible for the high selectivity of CoFe‐650 for C2+ hydrocarbons, also allowing exploitation of photothermal effects. This study demonstrates a vibrant new catalyst platform for harnessing clean, abundant solar‐energy to produce valuable chemicals and fuels from CO2.


Theoretical Models for Magnetic Properties of Iron Pnictides Part I: Spin Formalism We attempt to describe the magnetic properties of parent pnictide compounds by using the J1 - J2 - Jc Heisenberg model Hamiltonian. In order to obtain the ground state magnetization and spin wave dispersion we use the Green's functions method for spin operators. The equations of motion for Green's functions are decoupled by employing the random phase approximation. We analyze the results numerically and after comparison with experimental data we conclude that the model is to be modified to make it more relevant to iron pnictides.


While bacterial diversity is beneficial for the functioning of rhizosphere microbiomes, multi-species bioinoculants often fail to promote plant growth. One potential reason for this is that competition between inoculated consortia members create conflicts for their survival and functioning. To circumvent this, we used transposon mutagenesis to increase the functional diversity within Bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterial species and tested if we could improve plant growth-promotion by assembling consortia of closely related but functionally specialized mutants. While most insertion mutations were harmful, some improved strains' plant growth-promotion traits without increasing antagonism between them. Crucially, plant growth-promotion could be improved by applying these specialist mutants as consortia, leading to clear positive relationships between consortia richness, plant root colonization and protection from bacterial wilt disease. Together, our results suggest that increasing intra-species diversity could be an effective way to increase probiotic consortia multifunctionality, leading to more stable plant growth-promotion throughout growth cycle via insurance effects.


In this paper, we introduced the TS-separated apace. We studied the recutiovship betwecu them T-seperated Spaces, and discussed their multiplicatwe Properties and Semi-topdogicoe Properties. Some newreswts are obtaind.


Disclosed is a film which can be industrially coated easily and exhibits excellent gas barrier property without being subjected to a high-temperature heat treatment. This film exhibits good gas barrier property right after production, and maintains the excellent gas barrier property while exhibiting excellent hot water resistance and printing resistance. Specifically disclosed is a gas barrier multilayer film having a resin layer on an inorganic thin film formed on at least one surface of a base film. The resin layer is formed by applying (1) an aqueous dispersion containing a polyvinyl alcohol (a), an ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer (b) and inorganic particles (c); (2) an aqueous dispersion containing an ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer (b), inorganic particles (c) and/or a crosslinking agent (d); or (3) an aqueous dispersion containing a polyvinyl alcohol (a), an ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer (b), inorganic particles (c) and a crosslinking agent (d), onto the inorganic thin film surface. Also specifically disclosed is a method for producing such a gas barrier multilayer film.


With the purpose of collecting the information for school physical education curriculum,we adopt the methods of teaching experiment research and EXCEL,SPSS software statistical methods.We aim to develop the boat boxing hand routine,equipment routine and make an innovation for the form of teaching activity,while make an analysis for the teaching experiment.This can be a good example for the development and protection of national sport.


Agamemnon and Eteocles found themselves, through no fault of their own, in situations where revulsion, remorse, and painful memory seemed, for the person of good character, not only inevitable, but also appropriate. This fact, however, someone might concede while still insisting that it is the part of practical wisdom to avoid such situations as far as possible in planning a life. Agamemnon's was an extreme and unpredictable catastrophe. If human beings cannot make themselves entirely safe against such rare bad luck, at least they can structure their lives and commitments so that in the ordinary course of events they will be able to stay clear of serious conflict. One obvious way to do this is to simplify the structure of one's value-commitments, refusing to attach oneself to concerns that frequently, or even infrequently, generate conflicting demands. The avoidance of practical conflict at this level has frequently been thought to be a criterion of rationality for persons – just as it has frequently been thought to be a condition of rationality for a political system that it should order things so that the sincere efforts of such persons will regularly meet with success. This view was known in fifth-century Athens. It is a prominent theme of tragedy: for the painful experiences recorded in our last chapter naturally prompt questions about their own elimination. And it has become firmly entrenched in modern thought, pressed even by some who defend a 'tragic view' of individual cases of practical conflict.


The application of RFID technology in the supply chain is to facilitate communication between suppliers and customers. Successful logistics management can seamlessly integrate all supply activities and integrate all participants into the supply chain. The key of modern logistics management is the automatic identification of products, containers, vehicles and personnel in the supply chain. The application of supply chain management system based on RFID technology can fundamentally solve the problem of inventory and supply chain management. The paper presents application of RFID technology in design of e-commerce supply chain system in Internet of things.


Understanding human-driven dynamics has attracted increasing attention recently. Here we propose a variable information model to investigate the effects of memory on information spreading in complex networks. We find the prevalence of information can be enlarged once the individuals have memory of the states of their neighbors. Owing to the difference in the inherent characters of structure of scale-free network and exponential network, the lifetime of information behaves differently on the two networks under memory effect.


Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics that have claimed the lives of millions. Both innate and acquired immunity are essential for protection against influ- enza virus. A viral infection is initially sensed by the host innate system, triggering a rapid anti- viral response that involves the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and eventually leads to the activation of the adaptive immune response. The innate immune response is initiated when cellular pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular pat- terns (PAMPs). The innate immune response by antigen presenting cells (APCs), including den- dritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, is initiated quickly to protect from overwhelming infectious organisms, but with time, also can activate the adaptive immune response to the invading patho- gens. The adaptive immune response is essential for purging a diverse repertoire of invading pathogens, and CD4 + and CD8 + T cells are required for successful eradication of pathogens. Initial studies have indicated that the interaction of Notch and Notch ligands plays a critical role during development, and further, the Notch system is an important bridge between APCs and T-cell communication circuits. However, the role of Notch system during influenza virus infec- tion is still unknown. Here we review our recent study which shows that Notch signaling through macrophage-dependent Delta-like 1 (Dll1) is critical in providing an anti-viral response during influenza virus infection by linking innate and acquired immunity.


The ALPS programming language is based on a shared variable model of concurrency where the shared variables have built-in data synchronization. Two classes of shared variables that support fine-grain parallelism are provided, namely, cells and sets. A cell is a single-assignment variable which can be assigned only once, but can be read several times by parallel processes. A set is a distributed data structure that can be operated by parallel processes by inserting and removing items. The author describes the language notation for cells and sets and illustrates their use through examples.<<ETX>>


This article analyzes peasant contention in 17th‐century Ottoman villages. The authors argue that peasant contention results from the position of the village in the regional structure, with village‐level organization providing the means for contention. The article uses court records to reconstruct the formal and informal networks within and across villages in western Anatolia. Under conditions of state and market expansion, those villages in intermediate positions in the regional structure tend to experience the vagaries of these changes more than central or isolated villages. Those intermediate villages are also most prone to contention. Cooperative village organization is also found to promote contention.


The micromechanical coupling of the present invention may be reconstituted by the microwave power detector line coupling of a reconfigurable microwave power coupler and an indirect heating type MEMS microwave power detector configuration; the structure of GaAs substrate, can be Reconstruction of the coupler by two pairs of cantilever MEMS switch arrangement controlled into the low, medium and high degree of coupling three modes of operation, to achieve the collection of on-line reconfigurable microwave signal; the output coupler coupling terminated with termination resistor completely absorb the microwave signal power collected from the coupler main line to and converted into heat energy, a temperature difference is formed in the vicinity of the thermopile metal thermocouple arm and a semiconductor thermocouple arm composed of the stack of thermoelectric produced on the output pads the constant potential difference corresponding to the microwave power, microwave power to complete the coupling line detection reconfigurable.


This paper aims at developing a macroscopic cell-based lane change prediction model in a complex urban environment and integrating it into cell transmission model (CTM) to improve the accuracy of macroscopic traffic state estimation. To achieve these objectives, first, based on the observed traffic data, the binary logistic lane change model is developed to formulate the lane change occurrence. Second, the binary logistic lane change is integrated into CTM by refining CTM formulations on how the vehicles in the cell are moving from one cell to another in a longitudinal manner and how cell occupancy is updated after lane change occurrences. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated by comparing the simulated cell occupancy of the proposed model with cell occupancy of US-101 next generation simulation (NGSIM) data. The results indicated no significant difference between the mean of the cell occupancies of the proposed model and the mean of cell occupancies of actual data with a root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of 0.04. Similar results are found when the proposed model was further tested with I80 highway data. It is suggested that the mean of cell occupancies of I80 highway data was not different from the mean of cell occupancies of the proposed model with 0.074 RMSE (0.3 on average).


A flexible phase-matching method is introduced to manipulate the energy flow in nonlinear frequency conversion processes. With the use of photonic crystal as the reflective medium, the phase mismatching could be adjusted by the interface and the nonlinear crystal. We call this method the reflective phase matching. Here we present an experiment to demonstrate this idea in a single-domain MgO:CLN wafer with photonic crystal on the surface. A frequency-doubling signal enhanced 52 times is achieved. The result suggests the potential of the function to one more dimension phase matching without additional artificial structure inside the crystal. In addition, the proposed reflective phase-matching method could find broad application in the nonlinear optics and laser device miniaturization and integration.


The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the quinazoline derivatives and salts thereof, their preparation, the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of formula (I) as an active ingredient of formula (I). Compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts of formula (I) to prevent the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) effect characteristics for treating a number of disease states including cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. Formula I Wherein m is an integer of 1 or 2; R 1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, halogeno, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkoxy, C 1 -C 3 alkylthio, or -NR 5 R 6 (wherein , R 5 and R 6 are the same or different from each other and each is a hydrogen or C 1 -C 3 alkyl), and R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxy, halogeno, methoxy, and amino, or nitro, R 3 is hydroxy, halogeno halo, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkoxy, C 1 -C 3 alkanoyloxy, trifluoromethyl, cyano, amino or nitro, X 1 is -O-, -CH 2 -, -S-, -SO-, -SO 2 -, -NR 7 CO-, -CONR 8 -, -SO 2 NR 9 -, -NR 10 SO 2 - or and (wherein, R 7, R 8, R 9, R 10 and R 11 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl or C 1 -C 3 alkoxy C 2 -C 3 alkyl), - -NR 11 R 4 is an optionally may be substituted 5-or 6-membered saturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic group, or an alkenyl, alkynyl or an optionally substituted alkyl group (wherein the alkyl group comprises a heteroatom coupler, alkenyl , an alkynyl, or the alkyl group may include a terminal group selected from optionally substituted alkyl), and 5-or 6-membered saturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic group.


A novel cyroroxic cembranoid, planaxool [1], was isolated from the marine mollusk Planaxis sulcatus, and its structure determined by 2D nmr spectroscopy


This presentation takes a broad view of the meaning of quality in radiation therapy, with a focus on the role of the physicist in the pursuit of quality. The strategic approaches to the pursuit of total quality in radiation therapy draw from the fields of philosophy, industrial engineering, behavioral science, mathematical biology, and neuroscience. The first presentation covers the following strategies... • Tools, not rules _ The added cost of the tools of today is justified through efficiencies that can be gained. • Delegate _ Delegation of QA tasks increases the value of both the physicist and the delegate employees. • The Situational Leadership model is presented as a guide to effective delegation. Processes design and improvement QC of equipment performance is not enough if people are not following effective processes • Create a culture of Total Quality Management Provide leadership and get started with Root Cause Analysis. • Experience Design _ The experience of the patient should be included in measures of quality • The Opportunity, Influence, Impact cycle _ You need opportunities for awareness and influence. • Customer and supplier feedback _ Equipment suppliers should be included in your quality improvement system. • Organizational strategies _ It is important to have the right reporting relationship between the physicist and management, and the physicist and dosimetrists. • Influencing staff without direct authority using the Systems Theory model. • Medical physicist archetypes from 20th Twentieth century American mythology _ Be the town marshal, not the Lone Ranger. The second presentation introduces more advanced strategies for quality improvement, including... • Implementing an incident and near_miss reporting system. • Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. CG. Santayanaj • Implementation of an Incident Learning System is a daunting task, but there is tremendous value in even sub_optimal implementations. • Incident learning systems on a shoe_string budget accessible strategies for implementation and monitoring. • An abbreviated Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. • When change is upon us, the FMEA provides a fast, inexpensive, and effective means of getting all the clinical players on the same page for a harmonized clinical practice. • Finding potential problems before they occur in the clinic. • Developing an efficient QA process.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Define the broad meaning of quality in the context of Total Quality Management, and the application of it in radiation therapy. 2. Describe the role of the physicist in the assurance of quality in radiation therapy. 3. Demonstrate an understanding of 10 strategies for achieving quality. 4. Demonstrate understanding of the formation and persistence of organizational culture. 5. Demonstrate understanding of basic principles of Total Quality Management. 6. Describe the steps of Root Cause Analysis. 7. Describe how to implement an error and near-miss reporting system. 8. Describe the performance of an abbreviated Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. 9. Demonstrate understanding of the application of experience design to health care. 10. Describe how to influence staff without direct authority using the Systems Theory model.


Continuous improvements in geophysical technology have enabled seismic imaging of Mesozoic strata under the K-T transition boundary — a thick lava blanket spread along the continental margin of India's west coast. The new images reveal features of the subbasalt geology of this large offshore region. The relationship of the offshore lava flows with the equally vast lava flows of the onshore Deccan Traps adds a parameter of comparison to the whole Mesozoic stratigraphy of the south, west, and northwest coasts of India. The lava flows are part of the deepwater margin that embraces several basins, the largest being the southernmost underexplored Kerala-Konkan Basin. Newly acquired and processed regional seismic data sets were integrated with new data sets of potential field data to better uncover the Mesozoic stratigraphy. The 3D seismic data, acquired with long spreads and broadband processing through time and depth migration, enabled imaging of the complex structure of layers under basalt. India detached from Madagascar during Cretaceous time; the northward path to its present position was affected by Reunion hotspot activity that melted the west coast near the K-T transition time. The volcanic lithology observed at the K-T boundary is related to episodic emplacement of intrusive dykes and extrusive sills. A possible cause-effect event in that span of time is the Chicxulub meteorite impact that may have increased the volume of Deccan lava flows. The deepwater lava volumes estimated from interpretation of seismic data from the offshore region at the end of Cretaceous time are comparable to, or perhaps much greater than, the volumes estimated for the precisely age-dated Deccan Traps basalts exposed onshore. This suggests an enormous outpouring of flood basalts (onshore and offshore) at K-T time that was comparable to other major flood basalt events, such as the Siberian traps, and associated with mass extinctions.


The psychological quality of college instructors is closely related to the effect of student-oriented cultivation.The validity of enhancing student-oriented cultivation is not only the focuses of college instructors,but also the issues worth their efforts in both theory and practice.The psychological quality of college instructors ranks first in their integrated quality.To optimize the psychological quality of college instructors and to enhance their ability to cultivate students,we need to strengthen personality shaping for a better effect of cultivation,to consolidate the motive for improved work efficiency,and to intensify the optimization service of psychological quality for higher quality of cultivation.


The resurgent interest in cyberpunk in video game cultures centers
 the genre's historical and racially problematic themes. Moreover, competitive/online play
 and the attending toxicity, along with recent Covid-19 based anti-Asian sentiments center
 the need to theorize the discursive patterns in which these phenomena appear. Taking the
 recurring talk on various video game forums of isolating Asian servers because "Asians
 cheat" as a site of inquiry, this project argues that the sentiment of isolating Asian
 players to region locked servers relies on three entangled discourses: the on-again,
 off-again collapsing of various Asian identities to a monolithic Pan-Asia (Duara, 2001),
 Korean and Japanese "expertise" through acquired skill viz. their assumed video game
 "obsessiveness" (Groen, 2013), and the cheating technological Other seeking to supplant
 Whiteness at the privileged center of video games (see Nakamura, 2002, 2009). By
 highlighting these discourses and how they function, this project hopes to lend theoretical
 nuance to understanding racism in contemporary video game cultures.


In ''Managing Cancer Pain: New Developments and Comprehensive Approaches,'' the authors have skillfully provided a comprehensive overview of the foundations of cancer pain management, with opioids as a cornerstone and adjuvant agents as reinforcing bricks and mortar. From the multidisciplinary perspectives of anesthesiology/pain medicine, palliative medicine, and neurology, they provide ample data for the frontline, clinician reader to incorporate this information into their everyday clinical decisions to better provide good diagnoses and rational treatments for their patients. The first article, ''Current Developments in Opioid Therapy for Management of Cancer Pain,'' provides an insightful consideration of the basic science principles behind the sensation of pain. The discussed ''mechanistic, pathophysiological approach'' offers pragmatic means for the clinician to assess a patient, reach plausible diagnostic conclusions, and institute effective pain management. Explanations of molecular, spinal, and supraspinal mechanisms of action of opioids may seem arcane at first glance, but they remind the reader of the underlying neuroanatomic-physiologic-pharmacologic-molecular concepts resulting in the transmission, perception, and experience of pain, and possible receptor-specific interventions. This section bears careful and thoughtful reading—likely resulting in a voila! light bulb moment of understanding. Similarly, the concepts underlying the pharmacogenetics of opioid effects are clearly, but succinctly, summarized. Opioid response specificity and the potential to tailor treatments to individuals holds exciting promise for improved outcomes including better sustained pain relief with less side effect burdens. This section adroitly connects the dots of clinical responses to underlying mechanistic molecular phenomena. We are also reminded that more pain does not necessarily indicate more opioids, instead there may be a counterproductive downside to rapid and aggressive titration. The admonition to ''start low and go slow'' may be sage advice despite the seeming urgency of the situation. Furthermore, the utility of ''rational polypharmacy'' with multiple receptor targets comes to mind. Fortunately, Dr de Leon offers potential lifelines when confronted with the ravages of opioid pronociception and/or hyperalgesia. The discussion of new opioid formulations for acute, persistent, and breakthrough pain focuses on oxymorphone and fentanyl formulations that are helpful additions to our analgesic toolkit, outlining pharmacokinetic and clinical data supporting these options for effective 24/7 pain management. The second article, ''Management of Expected and Unexpected Opioid-related Side Effects'' reminds us, from the perspective of a palliative care specialist, of the mandate to proactively address known predictable side effects, and the opportunity to control known but unexpected effects of opioid regimens. Judicious side effect management should minimize the risk of poor outcomes from appropriately dosed opioid therapy, minimize the collateral symptom burden, and optimize the quality of life to the extent possible. Approaches include minimizing the opioid dosage to the lowest effective dose, altering the route of administration, changing to another opioid, supplementing with adjuvant coanalgesics, and adding medications to specifically treat bothersome side effect(s). The article nicely groups opioid side effects into neat organ system categories—neurologic, gastrointestinal, cardiopulmonary, urologic, endocrinologic, dermatologic, and immunologic—and describes typical side effect manifestations for each and specific management strategies to treat them. The segment on hyperalgesia as an adverse effect of opioid therapy reminds us once again to ''start low and go slow.'' The succinct explanation of the mechanism of ''paradoxical pain'' is a pearl. Opioid sedation and nausea/vomiting, as well as options for abating the side effects are briefly but adequately addressed in the following section. Next, opioid-induced constipation— the guest that will not leave—is focused on. Although most opioid side effects will subside with time, constipation requires ongoing management via an appropriate bowel regimen. Various standard and novel approaches are mentioned. Then, a section on cardiopulmonary side effects focuses on concerns about methadone, and clinicians are reminded that methadone is an effective Copyright r 2008 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins From the Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX. Disclosure: Author has no conflicts of interest to declare. Reprints: Larry C. Driver, MD, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 409, Houston, TX 77030-4009 (e-mail: email@example.com). EDITORIAL


The urban landscape greening construction is a comprehensive and systematic project, which involves many areas like development, design, construction and supervision. Only the scientific cooperation between related parties, the establishment of a series of full and scientific system and norms from design, evaluation, construction and project management, and the high level decision-making and technologies can do the project well, make it one of the excellent landscape greening projects and realize the sustainable development of landscape greening. In this paper, the mistakes in the aspects of management, technology and ideas and understandings are analyzed and discussed, and thereby inspirations are drawn, which is hoped to provide reference and guidance for future urban landscape greening construction.


Based on the accurate 3D model of logarithmic spiral bevel gear, the operation of spiral cone gear engagement is analyzed and simulated by ANSYS. Through the nonlinear static contact analysis of different positions, the stress change rule and the maximum contact stress is obtained. Compared with the theoretical contact stress strength rule, this paper also analyzes the dynamic operation situation of the gear pairs, obtains the dynamic contact situation rule at different engagement times and different rotating speeds, the influence of the rotating speed on the gear contact characteristics is compared too. The static, dynamic performance and change rules of the gear engagement is obtained, which lay a solid foundation for the further research, design and manufacture of spiral bevel gears.


Calibration curve – conversion from intensity to concentration and number of moles In order to characterize the actual amount of sample accumulated by ITP, we have constructed calibration curves relating the fluorescence signal (arbitrary units) to known concentration (molar units), for both the glass and paper channels. Fig. S1 presents these calibration curves. We used an initial dye concentration of 10 nM, and expected roughly a 1,000-fold increase in concentration and hence based the calibration curve on concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 μM DyLight650. For each concentration, we filled a channel (either glass or paper) with a uniform concentration of the dye and imaged it at different locations along the channel (9 stations for glass, 3 stations for paper). The background corrected intensities in the images, at all locations, were then averaged to obtain the mean intensity corresponding to the given concentration. We fitted 1 st and 2 nd order trend line to the data in glass and paper respectively, and treated them as the calibration curves. To estimate the number of moles in a given region, we integrated the concentration in the plane and multiplied it by the porosity of the paper and the thickness of the paper channel. We evaluated the porosity of the paper by comparing the weight of a dry paper to the weight of the same paper filled with water. Using the relation 1 , , wet dry water ww AL     (S1) we obtained a value of 0.65 +/-0.08, based on 8 repeats. Figure S1. Calibration curves for glass and paper, relating known concentrations of DyLight650 to measured intensity. In our ITP experiments, we used an initial dye concentration of 10 nM, and expected roughly a 1,000-fold increase in concentration. Hence, we constructed the calibration curve based on concentrations in the range 1 to 20 μM. For each concentration, we filled a channel (either glass or paper) with a uniform concentration of the dye and imaged it at different locations along the channel (nine stations for glass, three stations for paper). The background corrected intensities in the images, at all locations, were then averaged to obtain the mean intensity corresponding to the given concentration. Two and three repeats of the experiment, for each concentration, were conducted in both glass and paper respectively. The solid curves represent 1st and 2nd order trend line to the data in glass and …


With rising incidences of immunosuppression including HIV infection and various other factors, a resurgence of tuberculosis has been observed. We herewith describe two cases of posterior fossa tuberculomas with presentation mimicking mass lesions. Tuberculomas in the brain are not uncommon in the developing countries. Although they can mimic neoplastic lesions, the early diagnosis of tuberculous lesion with MRI and MR spectroscopy results in prompt institution of antituberculous therapy. Hypointensity in T2-weighted sequence with ring enhancement and the presence of a prominent lipid-lactate peak on MR spectroscopy is highly suggestive of the tuberculous nature of the lesion.


fructose, enter the epithelial cells via facilitated diffusion (Thorens, 1993). Glucose entry into the enterocyte is mediated by SGLT1, a sodium-coupled glucose transporter in the brush border membrane of enterocytes (Hediger et al., 1987). Most of the glucose taken up by such as liver, muscle, and kidney is then mediated by various members of the Glut family (Thorens, 1996). ‡ Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated 640 Memorial Drive Although there are well characterized examples of transporter families for amphipathic molecules such as Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 bile acids (Suchy et al., 1997; Shneider, 1998), it was initially believed that LCFAs are absorbed by the intestinal epithelial cells through mere diffusion (Green and Summary Riley, 1981; Ling et al., 1989). However, there is now ample evidence that, in addition to this diffusion compo-While intestinal transport systems for metabolites such as carbohydrates have been well characterized, the molecular mechanisms of fatty acid (FA) transport across the apical plasmalemma of enterocytes have Stremmel, 1988a), adipose tissue (Schaffer and Lodish, 1994), and other organs express a saturable and com-remained largely unclear. Here, we show that FATP4, a member of a large family of FA transport proteins petable LCFA transport system (Abumrad et al., 1998). Using an expression cloning strategy, our lab had (FATPs), is expressed at high levels on the apical side of mature enterocytes in the small intestine. Further, previously identified a membrane protein, fatty acid transport protein (FATP), from murine adipocytes that overexpression of FATP4 in 293 cells facilitates uptake of long chain FAs with the same specificity as entero-facilitates the uptake of LCFAs (Schaffer and Lodish, 1994). Subsequently, we reported the discovery of a cytes, while reduction of FATP4 expression in primary enterocytes by antisense oligonucleotides inhibits FA large family of FATPs characterized by the presence of a FATP signature sequence (Faergeman et al., 1997; uptake by 50%. This suggests that FATP4 is the principal fatty acid transporter in enterocytes and may con-Hirsch et al., 1998). Human and mouse FATPs have unique expression patterns and are found in major or-stitute a novel target for antiobesity therapy. gans of fatty acid metabolism such as adipose tissue, liver, heart, and kidney (Hirsch et al., 1998). So far, five distinct FATPs in mice and six different FATPs in humans Introduction have been identified and designated mmFATP1 through mmFATP5 and hsFATP1 thorough hsFATP6, respec-Fats, mainly in the form of di-and triglycerides, contribute over 40% of the caloric content …


The side chain of piericidin B1 having four (E)-olefinic linkages was prepared. The coupling reaction of the non-conjugated aldehyde (22) derived from 4, 4-dimethoxy-2-butanone and the sulfone (13) afforded a diastereomeric mixture of the hydroxy sulfone (27). Benzoylation of 27 followed by reductive olefin formation with sodium amalgam gave the desired all-trans-tetraene (29) possessing an (E)-C(5)-C(6) double bond, which was transformed to the alcohol (1) corresponding to the side chain of piericidin B1.


Objective: To report a case of gestational carrier pregnancy with oocytes from a stage IIIc ovarian cancer patient. Design: Case report. Setting: University hospital. Patient: A 38- year- old woman with stage IIIc ovarian cancer. Intervention(s): Controlled ovarian stimulation, cancer surgery, and IVF- ET to a gestational carrier. Main Outcome Measure(s): Oocyte fertilization and pregnancy. Result(s): Singleton term delivery occurred after transfer of three frozen- thawed embryos. Conclusion(s): Cryopreservation of embryos derived from IVF of oocytes obtained from ovarian cancer patients should be an option for their future fertility.


Geographically co-located sensors tend to participate in the same environmental phenomena. Phenomenon-aware stream query processing improves scalability by subscribing each query only to a subset of sensors that participate in the phenomena of interest to that query. In the case of sensors that generate readings with a multi-attribute schema, phenomena may develop across the values of one or more attributes. However tracking and detecting phenomena across all attributes does not scale well as the dimensions increase. As the size of sensor network increases, and as the number of attributes being tracked by a sensor increases this becomes a major bottleneck. In this paper, we present a novel n-dimensional Phenomenon Detection and Tracking mechanism (termed as nd-PDT) over n-ary sensor readings. We reduce the number of dimensions to be tracked by first dropping dimensions without any meaningful phenomena, and then we further reduce the dimensionality by continuously detecting and updating various forms of functional dependencies amongst the phenomenon dimensions.


Charities and the non-for-profit sector play an important role in New Zealand's economy. However, several charity scandals in the last two decades have affected potential donors and their trust in New Zealand's charities. Consequently, charities need to adapt their ability to afford structural and strict internal control environment by improving internal controls. This research aims to evaluate internal controls in charities in New Zealand and explore the challenges in implementing them. This research also recommends internal control strategies and solutions that can be adapted to the particular needs and requirements of charities. This research uses qualitative methods, in which data collected from previous BDO fraud surveys and in-depth interviews from five charity staff members is used to analyse results. This research found that small charities in New Zealand lack internal controls, which may cause fraud losses to their organisations. It also found four challenges that charities face in implementing internal controls in New Zealand: financial difficulties, technological difficulties, lack of staff, and specific accounting knowledge. To solve these challenges, this research recommends some strategies and solutions that are practical and efficient for charities to prevent fraud, such as control review, code of conduct, risk assessment, and monitoring processes. The researcher recommends charities should choose the control practice that is the best match to develop their organisation's objectives.


The invention discloses a transmission gear shifting operation mechanism which comprises a fork shaft, a gear selecting control board, at least two gear shifting forks and a plurality of fork limiting pins. A longitudinal slot is axially arranged on the fork shaft, the gear selecting control board is mounted in the longitudinal slot of the fork shaft and is axially fixed along the fork shaft in a transmission, the longitudinal slot of the fork shaft is longer than the gear selecting control board, a plurality of bosses are arranged on the gear selecting control board, the fork limiting pins are fixed onto the fork shaft, the gear shifting forks are hollowly sleeved on the fork shaft, first through grooves and second through grooves axially distributed along the fork shaft are arranged on the gear shifting forks, and the fork limiting pins and the bosses are arranged on two sides of each gear shifting fork at a neutral position. By the structural design of the forks, the fork shaft and the gear selecting control board, gear engagement of two or more than two forks is controlled by the same fork shaft, and gears are interlocked.


This document defines a generic framework for preconditions which is
extensible through IANA registration. This document also discusses how
network quality of service can be made a precondition to establishment
of sessions initiated by the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These
preconditions require that the participant reserve network resources
before continuing with the session. We do not define new quality of
service reservation mechanisms; these preconditions simply require a
participant to use existing resource reservation mechanisms before
beginning the session.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Some studies hypothesize the existence of cross-reactivity between allergy to Cupressus sempervirens pollen and plant-derived foods. We aimed to assess whether this holds true.

METHODS
72 patients monosensitized to cypress pollen were investigated for food allergy to peach, apple, tomato and Juniperius oxycedrus berry.

RESULTS
No patient had a history of clinical allergy or showed in-vitro or in-vitro reactivity to peach, apple, and tomato. Two patients scored positive on SPT with Juniperius oxycedrus berry but in-vitro tests ruled out cross-reactivity with the corresponding pollen.

CONCLUSION
Airborne allergy to Cupressaceae pollen is not associated with allergy to plant-derived foods.


Introduction Methods Expected Results/ Discussion ! College students are often expected to be chronically fatigued, stressed, and users of alcohol and/or other substances but at what point are these behaviors abnormal, overwhelming, and problematic? ! Literature affirms that attending college is a highly stressful period and that many mental illnesses have first onset during this time, are prevalent in the population, and are steadily increasing (Keyes et al., 2012). ! While most mental health challenges can be addressed effectively, if identified early, lack of knowledge and the stigma associated with mental health problems, often impede helpseeking and access to appropriate support (King et al., 2015). ! College-aged students often access information through the Internet but the accuracy and reliability of these sources is not absolute. ! The consequences can be grave if mental health information is inaccurate or misleading and leads to poor decisionmaking in handling mental health problems. ! In this study we aim to learn more about college students' use of online resources to access mental health information and their ability to recognize patterns of mental illness and apply these to help-seeking behaviors. Mental Health problems are highly prevalent among college students, yet are often left untreated according to many data sources. College students who seek help online for mental health concerns will access a vast array of information and they must be able to evaluate the quality and value of this information. Accessing inaccurate or misleading information can lead students to make poor decisions regarding their own mental health, and may even cause them to put off help-seeking. Help-seeking behaviors are more common when sufferers understand that the condition is diagnosable and treatable. In this study we aim to understand student's ability to access credible online resources to recognize patterns of mental illness in themselves and peers, and apply appropriate help-seeking behaviors. In this descriptive exploratory study, surveys will be distributed to college-aged students through an online research platform called Mechanical Turk. Participants will first be asked about their internet-based mental health-seeking behavior. Next, they will be presented with vignettes of people with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders and asked questions to assess recognition, attribution, help-seeking recommendations, and help-seeking preferences. Lastly, they will be given a selfreport screening tool to identify mental health symptoms they may be experiencing. The data will be analyzed using descriptive, t-tests, and chi-square statistical methods. The findings will be used to inform educational initiatives on the use of online resources and recognition of mental disorders to promote early intervention or appropriate help-seeking that could potentially be life-saving. The specific aims of the study are: 1) To assess college students' eMental health literacy skills. 2) To explore college students' mental health literacy for three mental health disorders that are common among college students. 3) To assess college students for symptoms associated with risk for common mental disorders such as depressed mood, anxiety, suicide risk, sleep disturbance, psychosis and substance abuse. 4) To explore relationships between college students' eMental health literacy and mental health literacy, and their risk for specific mental health disorders. ! Participants will be English-speaking undergraduate college students across the United States. ! Online surveys will be distributed through an online research platform called Mechanical Turk. ! Participants will be asked to complete three questionnaires: v In the first they will be asked about their Internetbased mental health information seeking behavior (eMental health literacy) using a modified eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) measure. v The second questionnaire will assess their knowledge of three common mental illnesses in young adults using male and female case vignettes of depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia (mental health literacy). The question sets following the vignettes will be based on Jorm's (2000) mental health literacy model. For example, they will be asked to identify what-if-anything is "wrong" with the person in the vignette (to assess recognition), what is causing the problem (to assess attribution), if they think the person should seek help for their "symptoms" (help-seeking recommendations), and how they might deal with the problem if they had it (help-seeking preferences). v The third questionnaire is a screening tool called the DSM-V Self-Rated Level 1 Cross-Cutting Measure that focuses on symptoms that may be indicative of a diagnosable mental illness. v A demographic questionnaire will also ask participants their age, gender, racial background, prior use of mental health services and particulars of their Internet use. ! Data will be analyzed using descriptive, ttests, chi-square techniques. Based on literature on eHealth and mental health literacy among college students, anticipated findings may include: v College students may report they are savvy in searching the Internet for mental health information but their ability to discriminate between high and low quality resources may be limited (Hanik & Stellefson, 2011). v College students may be sufficiently knowledgeable about mental health problems to be fairly accurate in determining when a behavior is problematic and what this behavior may indicate (Furnham et al., 2011). v College students who potentially have a diagnosable mental health problem may be less capable of using online resources and have lower mental health literacy to recognize that help-seeking steps are necessary (Kim, Saw, & Zane, 2015).


On November 25, 2008, the Federal Reserve initiated what came to be the largest Asset Purchase Program in history1, the Large-Scale Asset Purchase Program, widely known a quantitative easing (QE). ...


Proliferation of sensors embedded in smartphones and smartwatches helps capture rich dataset for machine learning algorithms to extract meaningful digital bio-markers on consumer devices for monitoring disease progression and treatment response. However, development and validation of machine learning algorithms depend on gathering high fidelity sensor data and reliable ground-truth. We conduct a study, called mLungStudy, with 131 subjects with varying pulmonary conditions to collect mobile sensor data including audio, accelerometer, gyroscope using a smartphone and a smartwatch, in order to extract pulmonary biomarkers such as breathing, coughs, spirometry, and breathlessness. Our study shows that commonly used breathing ground-truth data from chestband may not always be reliable as a gold-standard. Our analysis shows that breathlessness biomarkers such as pause time and pause frequency from 2.15 minutes of audio can be as reliable as those extracted from 5 minutes' worth of speech data. This finding can be useful for future studies to trade-off between the reliability of breathlessness data and patient comfort in generating continuous speech data. Furthermore, we use crowdsourcing techniques to annotate pulmonary sound events for developing signal processing and machine learning algorithms. In this paper, we highlight several practical challenges to collect and annotate physiological data and acoustic symptoms from chronic pulmonary patients and ways to improve data quality. We show that the waveform visualization of the audio signal improves annotation quality which leads to a 6.59% increase in cough classification accuracy and a 6% increase in spirometry event classification accuracy. Findings from this study inform future studies focusing on developing explainable machine learning models to extract pulmonary digital bio-markers using mobile sensors.