We propose a scenario where inflation is driven by non-minimally coupled massive vector fields. In an isotropic homogeneous universe these fields behave in precisely the same way as a massive minimally coupled scalar field. Therefore our model is very similar to the model of chaotic inflation with a scalar field. For vector fields the isotropy of expansion is achieved either by considering a triplet of orthogonal vector fields or at the expense of N randomly oriented vector fields. In the latter case the substantial anisotropy of the expansion of order survives until the end of inflation. The lightest vector fields might also force the late time acceleration of the universe.


Rejuvenation is a process of reverse practice of the process of aging. This can be done by stem cells stimulated by the induced growth factors in an active cell division. Senescent cells can be removed by the immune system, this is destroyed by gene therapy. There are some preformulated drugs available which are the precursor thought of this article.In the last few decades, there has been a substantial increase in the population of people over 60 years of age. Most of them maintain a good general health and physical activity and fitness. For these individuals there is a good number of dermatologic procedures, medications, and cosmetics that can be prescribed to improve the aspect of skin aging, providing an improvement in their self-esteem and quality of life as a result of their better look. The aim of the research is to study the rejuvenation of old people with stem cell technology


A new model for studying periosteal bone formation was evaluated. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were anaesthetized, and heparinized plastic rings 3 millimetres in diameter were surgically inserted under the temporal muscle. The implants examined were one and two millimetres high. The bony surface of the implant area of every second rat was polished in order to remove all remnants of periosteum. The amount of bone formed in the centre of the implants was estimated after 14 and 28 days. Four rats acted as controls. The results suggest that bone formation follows a similar pattern regardless of the height of the implant, duration of the experiment and polishing of the bony surface. The model described was also found to be adequate for studying factors involved in periosteal bone formation.


International courts, despite the wide-ranging means that have been put at their disposal, need the cooperation of various domestic actors. The cooperation of States with international criminal tribunals has not always been without difficulty, as these tribunals have been the object of various challenges before domestic judges. The aim of this paper is, from a general international law perspective, to examine these instances of case-law as well as to try and shed some light on the answers that have been provided by domestic judges confronted with such challenges of international criminal tribunals.The first part of this chapter gives a brief sketch of recent cases in which an international criminal tribunal was challenged before a domestic court, whether or not this actually led to a judicial review of the tribunal's action or existence (I). In the second section (II), the chapter briefly seeks to outline the various contexts in which international criminal tribunals are put to the test before domestic courts (II.1), as well as the object (II.2) and the standards (II.3) used in such a challenge and, eventually, the form which an actual review may take (II.4). In a third part, this chapter attempts to formulate some thoughts on how domestic judges have justified their (refusal to engage in a) review of international criminal courts.. We argue that discussions about the entitlement vel non of domestic courts to review international criminal tribunals bespeak two discourses, each of them leading to a different understanding of the role and place of these tribunals as well as their autonomy (III). The one discourse proceeds from the idea of supremacy of the international legal order and henceforth of international (criminal) proceedings. The other rests on the idea of the closeness of the domestic legal order, and consequently the prevalence of domestic law at the national level. This is what we call the discourse of constitutional autonomy. As will be shown, recourse to one discourse never implies a complete exclusion of the other : domestic judges confronted with the challenge of an international criminal tribunal often seem to borrow from both discourses.


Analogical reasoning derives a new fact based on the analogous facts previously known. Inductive inference is a process of gaining a general rule from examples. We propose a new reasoning system using inductive inference and analogical reasoning, which is applicable to intellectual information processing and we characterize its power. Given an enumeration of paired examples, this system inductively infers a program representing the paring and constructs an analogical union. It reasons by analogy new facts in the limit, i. e., reasons them correctly from some time on, by using a deducibility of them from the analog ical union.


0, log, IZ denotes the k-fold iterated logarithm). Denote by u(n; U, v) the number of prime factors p of II satisfying u<p<v. Let u=u(x), v =v(x), and assume that log, v-log, U+CO, TURAN [I 11 proved that for all but o(x) integers y1<x u(n; U, v)= (1 +o(l)) (log, u-log, u). Wenow investigate the case when u and v depend on n. If the dependence is regular Turan's method carries through without too much difficulty. In the general case, somewhat unexpectedly, log, v-log, u-00 is not sufficient for v(lz; U, v)= (1 +o(l)) (log2 u-log, u), but in fact we show that this holds uniformly in u and z, under rather mild conditions. In fact we prove THEOREM 1, Assume (log, v-log, u)/log,n+co. Then we have for almost all n uniformly in u and v


We provide a streamlined proof that the class of convex-cocompact Kleinian groups are quasi-isometrically rigid, relying on the quasi-isometric invariance of strong accessibility for word hyperbolic groups.


Wooden veneered plywood is a kind of very effective means which human reasonably use woodiness adornment material.Its warm color is very close to the human in emotion.In this paper,made the color sample to the market common plywood by using computer digital image processing technology,from the perspective of chromatology,summed up to six different chromaticity color emotional effect of plywood,and discussing the instance of visual emotional characteristics in interior design.Providing a scientific and reasonably select and use plywood proposal to create a more comfortable and healthy living environment.


As western cities have developed, people's accessibility has been reduced correspondingly; but the reduction has been unevenly distributed among the population. The privileged minority who drive cars now have about the same level of access as paupers of 150 years ago; the majority of people are worse off.


Advances in observations and modeling are providing new insights into the dynamic Antarctic Slope Current and its critical role in Earth's climate.


Oceanic paleoenvironmental studies in Japan have been performed on marine sediment cores retrieved from the Japan Sea, northwest Pacific Ocean, and East China Sea using different approaches such as sedimentological, micropaleontological, and geochemical methods. In particular, about fifty papers on paleoenvironments of the Japan Sea have been published since the end of the 1960's. Consequently, a detailed paleoenvironmental changes in the Japan Sea over the last 85, 000 years was reconstructed. On the other hand, there are not so many papers on paleooceanogaphy of the northwest Pacific Ocean and East China Sea. Several important studies, however, are included in these papers dealing with global problems related to the climatic changes in the late Quaternary. From these studies, it is suggested that a multidisciplinary study of sediment cores is a very valid method for detailed reconstruction of oceanic paleoenvironments.


educational supervision has long been known in the world of education in Indonesia. Understanding education supervision generally refers to efforts to improve the situation of teaching and learning. However, it seems that there is still a large variety of opinions in interpreting the term. And this will bring different implications in its implementation. In its development, the supervisor of the education unit is more directed to owning and understanding even demanded to be able to practice what is contained in the candy about supervision. This is one of them about competence in understanding the processes and techniques in supervision.


Open Government is one of the main roads for accelerating development and ensuring sustainable development.One of the strategies to encourage open government is by implementing what is the mandate of the Law on public information openness well.For citizens, this law means a guarantee to citizens to obtain public information in order to increase their active role in governance.As for government institutions, the law provides the obligation to government institutions to open access to public information, actively (without preceded by the request), and passively (with the request by the requestor) to the community.However, when citizens try to access the public information, it is not uncommon for the answer to be obtained is "This is the system", "The procedure is like this", "I am not authorized".This is the background of research on how collaboration among local government institutions in Padang Panjang Municipality in realizing public information openness.With qualitative descriptive method, through the analysis of data in ethics and emic found that Local Government of Padang Panjang Municipality developed collaboration among government institutions that marked by the cooperation, interaction, compromise of some related elements to encourage public information openness.One of the ways implemented by Local Government of Padang Panjang Municipality is by the establishment of Management Officer of Information and Documentation or Pejabat Pengelola Informasi dan Dokumentasi (PPID) or consisting of Main PPID (PPID Utama) and Asssisytance PPID (PPID Pembantu).For the future, it is required a clear Standard Operating Procedure for the local government work unit to network each other in encouraging the openness of public information, so the impression that the responsibility of creating public information openness in Padang Panjang Municipality is only a function of PPID can be eliminated.


This paper outlines a static loading test of RC shear walls with openings carried out to investigate the influence of different number and layout of the openings. All specimens have the same equivalent perimeter ratio of openings, that is 0.4. The test results showed that the shear strength, failure mode and deformability of RC shear walls with openings were significantly affected by the difference of the number and layout of openings. It was also observed that the overturning moment at the bottom of the shear walls with openings were smaller than those of without opening because the rotation at the bottom of the shear walls with openings became smaller due to the existence of the openings. FEM analysis was also conducted to simulate the hysteresis loops and failure progress of the shear walls with openings, and good agreement between experimental and analytical results was obtained.


Abstract The aim of this single-case-design study was to examine the relationships between therapeutic factors in group therapy and the language features of the group dialogue. Forty-two transcripts from a group treatment were investigated. Emotion–abstraction patterns (EAPs) were identified for the group as a whole using computer-assisted text analysis, and therapeutic factors were rated by external judges using the Kiel Group Psychotherapy Process Scale. Significant positive relationships were found between insight and the EAP connecting and between catharsis and the EAP experiencing. Interpersonal learning–output, catharsis, and self-disclosure showed higher scores in connection with the therapeutic cycle, which, according to the therapeutic cycle model, represents a sequence of EAP related to a successful therapeutic process. The current findings show that the use of EAPs allows the identification of key moments in a group therapy process.


Solar energy plays an essential part in the shift towards cleaner energy production. This holds true for the emergent South African solar photovoltaic (PV) industry that is showing increased promise given irradiation potential, falling PV prices, tax incentives, current trends in energy consumption and constraints in energy generation.


Tourism sector being the industries that determine the long term economic growth, this sector give big contribution to the region, labor and can create job opportunity to local community through product and services. However the impact of tourism sector to the welfare of micro business is totally ignored. This Research is expected to provide the information about the impact of tourism destination to the welfare of micro business in West Sumatera. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to find the relationship between tourism destination to the micro business in tourism area. the research was conducted in February 2017 with the number of respondents 150 micro business in tourism area.

Keywords : tourism, micro business, welfare, structural equation modeling (SEM)


The proposed high intensity neutrino source (HINS) at Fermilab is based on an 8 GeV linear proton accelerator that consists of a normal-conducting (warm) and a superconducting section. The warm section is composed of an ion source, a radio frequency quadrupole, a medium energy beam transport (MEBT) and 16 warm Crossbar H-type (CH) cavities that accelerate the beam from 2.5 MeV to 10 MeV (from beta=0.0744 to beta=0.1422). These warm cavities are separated by superconducting solenoids enclosed in individual cryostats. Beyond 10 MeV, the design uses superconducting spoke resonators to accelerate the beam up to 8 GeV. In this paper, we illustrate the completion of the first warm CH cavity (beta=0.0744) explaining in detail the mechanical engineering aspects related to the machining and brazing processes. The radio-frequency (RF) measurements and tuning performed at Fermilab on the resonator and comparisons with simulations are also discussed.


There is little data regarding the epidemiology of childhood injury in Ireland. This is difficult to obtain retrospectively. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate paediatric trauma referrals to our department, describe their epidemiology, and identify potentially preventable injuries in children. Our unit at the National Childrens Hospital is located in a growing suburban area in South Dublin. Injury surveillance was conducted on orthopaedic referrals by distributing a form to parents of children attending fracture clinics or admitted acutely for surgery. Parents were asked for demographic information, and a brief description of the injury in terms of location, mechanism and circumstance of injury. Diagnosis was completed by the attending doctor and data was transferred to a computerised database. We analyzed data from the 397 referrals in the first month of this study. The mean age of injury was 9.1 years and the male: female ratio was 1.3:1. The peak hour of injury was 7 – 8 pm. Only 33% of injuries occured during the weekend. 62% of injuries were due to falls, usually form the standing position. The most common location for injury was in or about the home (39%), and other notable locations were school (16%) and sportsfield (14%). 61% of falls greater than 1 metre occurred at home, mostly from walls and childrens slides. 20% of injuries occurred while participating in organized sport, including Gaelic football, soccer and hurling. Injuries occuring during unsupervised sport were more likely to need surgery. Domestic 'bouncing castles' and trampolines, increasingly popular in our area, were a notable cause of significant trauma to the upper limb. 7% of injuries occurred by falling from a bicycle, but vehicular road traffic accident was an uncommon cause of injury. 263 children had confirmed fractures, other injuries consisting largely of sprains to the ankle, elbow and wrist. Predictably, the bones most commonly fractured were the radius (41%), phalanges (15%) and humerus (11%). 20% of fractures needed operative management, mostly forearm manipulation under anaesthesia. 63% of operative cases were performed outside of normal working hours. Several countries utilise injury surveillance as a means of development and evaluation of injury prevention strategies. In our initial study, basic surveillance has outlined local characteristics of chilhood trauma, and some trends were noted. In particular, we suggest home injuries need further attention in out catchment area.


An integrated geological‐petrophysical analysis of the rudist‐bearing sequence of the Cretaceous Sarvak Formation is given one giant oilfield, and provides an improved understanding of this main reservoir in the Abadan Plain, in the Zagros Basin, SW Iran. The main objective of this study is to evaluate reservoir potential of the Sarvak Formation, and then to utilize the calibrated well log signature to correlate reservoir potential in un‐cored wells. Eight main facies are recognized and categorized in five facies groups: lagoon, shoal, rudist‐biostrome, slope, and shallow open marine, deposited on a shelf carbonate platform. Given the distribution of diagenetic products and their effects on pore systems, three diagenetic facies namely, (DF‐1) low dissolution and cementation; (DF‐2); high dissolution; and (DF‐3) high cementation are differentiated. The initial sedimentary characteristics in combination with distribution of diagenetic products play an important role in reservoir quality heterogeneity. The effect of diagenetic processes related to disconformities mainly depends on the facies nature below these surfaces. Grain‐dominated facies of shoal and rudist debris, observed below the Cenomanian–Turonian disconformity, are mostly characterized by high dissolution and interconnected pore systems. Finally, depositional and diagenetic facies in the studied wells are correlated by petrophysical well log data, leading to distribution of the reservoir zones. Data obtained can be utilized for efficient reservoir characterization of the Sarvak Formation and its equivalent units in the Arabian Plate.


Selective solar absorbers (SSAs) with high performance are the key to concentrated solar power systems. Optical metamaterials are emerging as a promising strategy to enhance selective photon absorption, however, the high-temperature resistance (>500C) remains as one of the main challenges for their practical applications. Here, a multilayered metamaterial system (Al2O3/W/SiO2/W) based on metal-insulator-metal (MIM) resonance effect has been demonstrated with high solar absorptance over 92%, low thermal emittance loss below 6%, and significant high-temperature resistance: it has been proved that the optical performance remains 93.6% after 1-hour thermal annealing under ambient environment up to 500C, and 94.1% after 96-hour thermal cycle test at 400C, which is also confirmed by the microscopic morphology characterization. The spectral selectivity of fabricated SSAs is angular independent and polarization insensitive. Outdoor tests demonstrate that a peak temperature rise (193.5C) can be achieved with unconcentrated solar irradiance and surface abrasion resistance test yields that SSAs have a robust resistance to abrasion attack for engineering applications.


The regulation of removal rate of chloroform in the water which was influenced by the material type, combined material proportion of loaded TiO2 and zero-valence iron was researched by the experiment. Chloride ion selective electrode and headspace gas chromatography were adopted as the analysis methods. The UV-VIS absorption spectrum of carrier, loaded TiO2 and loaded TiO2 which was reacted with zero-valence iron was analyzed by TU-1901. The last one had obvious red-shift of absorption edge. It indicated that the removal of chloroform in water can be improved by using loaded TiO2/zero-valence iron combination material in visible light. And the corresponding kinetics model was adopted to analyze the data.


The Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) constitutes one of the prominent technologies for the 6th Generation (6G) of wireless communications. It is envisioned to enhance signal coverage in cases where obstacles block direct communication from Base Stations (BSs), and when high carrier frequencies are used that are sensitive to attenuation losses. In the literature, the exploitation of RISs based on traditional coherent demodulation, relies on the availability of accurate Channel State Information (CSI). Given that CSI estimation, a multi-antenna BS or a dedicated orchestration controller jointly computes the pre-coder/combiner and the RIS configuration. The latter tasks require a significant amount of time and resources, which may not be affordable when the channel is time-varying or the CSI is not accurate enough. In this paper, we consider the uplink between a single-antenna user and a multi-antenna BS, and present a novel RIS-empowered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication system, which is based on differential phase shift keying combined with random phase configurations at the RIS, thus, avoiding the channel estimation and any complex optimization processes. This feature renders our RIS-enabled system operation proposal suitable for high noise and/or mobility scenarios. Considering both an idealistic and a realistic channel model, analytical expressions for the Signal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) and the Symbol Error Probability (SEP) of the proposed non-coherent RIS-empowered communication system are presented. Our extensive computer simulation results verify the accuracy of the presented analysis and showcase the proposed system's performance superiority over coherent demodulation in different mobility and spatial correlation scenarios.


This study develops a political competition model in which campaign platforms are partially binding. A candidate who implements a policy that differs from his/her platform must pay a cost of betrayal, which increases with the size of the discrepancy. I also assume that voters are uncertain about candidates' policy preferences. If voters believe that a candidate is likely to be extreme, there exists a semi-separating equilibrium: an extreme candidate imitates a moderate candidate, with some probability, and approaches the median policy with the remaining probability. Although an extreme candidate will implement a more extreme policy than a moderate candidate, regardless of imitation or approach, partial pooling ensures that voters prefer an extreme candidate who does not pretend to be moderate over an uncertain candidate who announces an extreme platform. As a result, a moderate candidate never has a higher probability of winning than an extreme candidate.


Trends in FDI and intra-regional FDI in the OIC region have the following characteristics: • FDI is concentrated only in a limited number of countries. • FDI flows remain small relative to the size of the regional economy, in comparison with other developing regional groups. • FDI is attracted to only a limited number of industries: intra-regional FDI is concentrated in telecommunications (through mergers and acquisitions (M&As)) and construction including real estate development (through greenfield investments). • The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is by far the largest intra-regional investor, accounting for half of the total intraregional FDI projects through M&As and greenfield investments. • Intra-regional FDI recipient countries are more diversified. Egypt is the largest recipient.


A 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source for producing a 100 mA H+ beam is under study. The microwave power is coupled through a quartz window and a water‐cooled 90° waveguide bend in order to avoid the heating of the electrons backstreaming from the source. The ECR condition is obtained with dc magnetic coils. Preliminary results reported here show that a beam current density of 75 mA/cm2 can be extracted at 10 kV from a 3‐mm‐diam aperture, with 1.2 kW of microwave power at 1×10−3 mbar of hydrogen pressure. The proton fraction is 75% with an alumina‐coated plasma electrode and 85% with a nitride coating.


Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Alternate Object Control Structures: Into -ing vs. To Infinitive Complements Chapter 3 Into -ing as a Construction Chapter 4 From -ing over Three Centuries: Transitive Verbs Chapter 5 From -ing over Three Centuries: Intransitive Verbs Chapter 6 To -ing over Three Centuries: Intransitive Verbs Chapter 7 Horror Aequi in the Eighteenth Century Chapter 8 Concluding Observations Chapter 9 Bibliography Chapter 10 Index Chapter 11 Index of Verbs


The integrated Network Enhanced Telemetry (iNET) project was launched by the Central Test and Evaluation Investment Program (CTEIP) to foster network enhanced instrumentation and telemetry. The iNET program is preparing for the TmNS system demonstration. The goal of the demonstration is to prove that the proposed TmNS will meet the Test Capability Requirements Document (TCRD) and validate the iNET standards. One aspect of the preparation is looking at the IA issues and making decisions to ensure that the system will be certified and accredited, meet user needs, and be secure. This paper will explore a few of these considerations.


This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the influence of initial deflections on the state of stress and strain in an isotropic, rectangular plate simply supported along the edges and subject to the non-linear load – after the stability loss. These Airy stress functions are then determined by means of the Karman equations of the non-linear plate theory, the unknown parameters appearing in the function of deflection being found by means of the Galerkin method. Thc final formulas determining the stresses and strains in the post-critical state of the plate are written in terms of dimensionless coefficients. Numerical calculations are performed for two different forms of the initial deflection of the middle surface of the plate; conditions are also derived under which the influence of initial deflections may be disregarded.


Paenibacillus Cp-S316 showed good antagonistic activity to many silkworm pathogenic fungi and bacteria.To study the structure and physical-chemical characteristics of antibacterial active substances produced by Paenibacillus Cp-S316,and also to probe into the feasibility of industrialization production,the absorption capacities of different resins for active substances were researched.The resins which had good absorption capacities were further investigated on desorption capacities and the optimum desorption solution was chosen.Results: The resin X-5 had higher absorption capacity for active substances with an absorption rate of 90% under the concentration of 0.03 g/mL for 4 h in shake-flask.Desorbed by optimum desorption solution 0.02 mol/L HCl-75% acetone under the flow rate of 3.9 mL/(cm2·min)(chromatography column:12 cm×1.5 cm),the total desorption rate was 92%,and the desorption rate of higher concentration fraction(concentration of resin was 0.67 g/mL) reached 90%.


In this paper we propose to apply the concept of L-valued kernels (see Bisdorff & Roubens [1, 2]) to the problem of constructing a global ranking from a pairwise L-valued outranking relation defined on a set of decision alternatives as encountered in the fuzzy preference modelling context (see Roy & Bouyssou [6] for instance). Our approach is based on a repetitive selection of best and worst candidates from sharpest L-valued or most credible initial and terminal kernels (see Bisdorff [4]). A practical illustration will concern the global ranking of movies from individual evaluations of a given set of movie critics.


opposed the aristocratic uleebalang, whom the Dutch had supported as a balance against militant Acehnese Islam. During the course of the Japanese occupation the coalition acquired increasing power, and at the end of the war it was effectively in control of Aceh and in no mood to retreat. It backed the Indonesian republic against the Dutch, and indeed Aceh was the only major area the Dutch did not reoccupy in the course of the revolution. All of this made more unpalatable to the Acehnese elites Jakarta's post-revolutionary emphasis on unitary government, secularism, fiscal centralization, and the restoration of property seized from the uleebalang. Indeed, it seemed Aceh was not even to be granted status as a province. The zuama, seeing themselves about to lose office to more qualified non-Acehnese, and the ulama, fearing their loss of social centrality in a secular state, rose in rebellion. The religious leaders brought to the struggle the allegiance of the populace, and the secular ones contributed armed force and organizational know-how. The result was a combination Jakarta could not defeat, and one with which the weak and divided parliamentary governments of the 1950s were unable to compromise. Only the ending of the democratic regime brought the wherewithal to undo the knot. This was accomplished swiftly enough by according Aceh provincial status (and garrisoning it largely with Acehnese troops), thus assuring the zuama'% interests. The ulama found they could not carry the fight alone, particularly as their involvement in the struggle had led them to neglect their base in the religious schools and as the government's campaign to extend secular education in the area had drawn away much of their popular support. In the end, a nominal recognition of Islamic law by the central government's military commander persuaded Daud Beureuh and his few remaining followers to lay down their arms. The book is fair to the characters it describes in the sense of being even-handed; but it is very much an outsider's account, the vision of a Western-trained political scientist (it was originally a doctoral dissertation for Monash University). What motivates people, in this view, is self-interest; rational actions are those one can explain in terms of maximizing one's material position. The rebellion itself was governed by this law, for ' . . . wars are not caused by ambitions alone, but by a combination of ambitions and assessments of relative strengths' (p. 322). Thus the cost-benefit analysis of revolution lives on, in spite of its failure in the Vietnam War; it may not work but it must be right because it fits with the analysts' own view of how the world runs. The zuama, who as aspiring modern office-holders hold values closest to this model for rationality, come across as ' pragmatists' in the Acehnese struggle. The ulama, when they are not simply defending their social leadership by insisting on the implementation of the legal system on which they are experts, appear as 'ideologues' and thus of impaired rationality. The common people, who were willing to die in a cause for which they had no noticeable material stake, were clearly not rational at all, and their support for the struggle is assigned to the strength of 'traditional authority' (p. 172), that oubliette into which the modern political scientist can drop mass behaviour which does not meet his standards..In short, an inner history of the Acehnese rebellion remains to be written. Meanwhile, however, we have a very competent account of the events, to which students of Indonesian history and society will want to refer—with some difficulty as, alas, there is no index.


Considering the great contribution of subgrade modulus to the overall performance of roads or railways, it is crucial to provide the best prediction of resilient modulus for their foundations. Incorporating the seasonal variation of moisture content, the resilient modulus variation of unsaturated soils will be accurately predicted. This paper aims to introduce and discuss the knowledge about resilient response of unsaturated soils and emphasize the effects of humidity. A literature review on resilient response of unsaturated soils is presented based on the previous studies. The affecting factors (i.e., wetting and drying, moisture content, and matric suction) were discussed. The prediction model development of the resilient response of unsaturated soils was presented. The limitations and advantages of the model were analyzed and compared. It reveals that the current models were limited regarding stress conditions, moisture content, matric suction, and soil types, and further studies are still needed to achieve a better understanding of resilient response of unsaturated soils.


Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) is pro‐inflammatory cytokine, linked to cardiovascular risk, including inflammatory vascular lesions. NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) is the primary source of superoxide activated by TNFα in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a MAPKKK that is activated by oxidation of associated thioredoxin. ASK1 in turn activtes JNK and p38 MAPKs and plays a role in vascular intimal hyperplasia. The relationship between ASK1 and Nox1‐mediated signaling in response to TNFα is poorly defined. We hypothesized that TNFα‐induced ASK1activation requires Nox1‐derived superoxide. We measured TNFα‐induced; endosomal superoxide (OxyBurst green), TNFα receptor (TNFR) endocytosis (TNFα‐biotin and FITC‐avidin), NF‐κB activation (luciferase reporter), and cell survival in VSMC. siRNA targeting ASK1 reduced TNFR endocytosis by 33%, TNFα‐mediated NF‐κB activation by 66 ± 0.7%, endosomal superoxide production by 80 ± 0.1%, and cell survival by 8.6 ± 2%. Immunoprecipitation‐western blot analysis was performed with ASK1 and the p22phox subunit of Nox1. ASK1 co‐immunoprecipitated with both Nox1 and its p22phox subunit. In Nox1 null cells, ASK1 protein expression was significantly higher than in wild type cells. Thus, ASK1 affects Nox1‐mediated inflammatory signaling in response to TNFα. These data provide a novel mechanism for Nox1‐dependent inflammatory effects in VSMC.


The permanence of the documents of a file is guaranteed thanks to the different processes that are applied to maintain their conservation through time, with the use of methods that promote the destruction of harmful agents that cause the deterioration. It is sometimes unknown that some of the activities belonging to the own filing activities may cause damage to the environment, an example of this, is the use of chemical products to eliminate the plagues that affect the collections. The objective of this research was to determine significant environmental aspects in Provincial Historical File from Granma. To fulfill this goal were selected the areas and the activities related to the environment revealing those that generate emissions, pouring, residuals, noise, consumptions, etc. identifying the impacts through the relation cause-effect with the development of matrixes. Also risky situations for the worker´s health related to the handling, storage and exposition to chemical products were identified. It is stood out the importance of these elements for the establishment of the Management Environmental System where it is showed the control of the security data of the chemical products used by the organization and the caution measures to be adopted in its handling, storage and general management. It is made emphasis, also, in the environmental education in the file as the favorable frame to contribute to the improvement of the environmental conditions towards a better conservation of the documentary patrimony and the workers´ health.


Background: Surgical cytoreduction and simultaneous hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for peritoneal carcinomatosis is afflicted with a high incidence of postoperative complications. The knowledge of intraoperative volume therapy during surgery and chemotherapy is limited. On the other hand, the choice of a 'liberal' or 'restrictive' regimen of fluid administration has a deep impact on the postoperative morbidity. The aim of this observational trial was to report detailed data on volume replacement and cardiocircular function during the HIPEC procedure. Methods: Eighteen consecutive patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC for peritoneal carcinomatosis were enrolled. The intraoperative volume administration was observed as well as the postoperative morbidity and mortality. Cardiofunctional data were assessed by the invasive transthoracic thermodilution technique. Results: The study showed that large amounts of volume (1,240 ml h–1; range: 810–1,570 ml h–1) are given during the HIPEC procedure to replace fluid loss and maintain a stable circulatory function. Signs of a hyperdynamic status during intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy were not found. Conclusions: During surgical cytoreduction and simultaneous HIPEC, large amounts of volume were administered. HIPEC in itself did not lead to an increased fluid requirement. Further prospective studies with larger populations are needed to investigate whether goal-oriented therapies and a restricted volume regimen can contribute to decrease the postoperative morbidity.


Clustered earthquakes located 25 km northeast of Augustine Volcano occurred more frequently beginning about 8 months before the volcano's explosive eruption in 2006. This increase in distal seismicity was contemporaneous with an increase in seismicity directly below the volcano's vent. Furthermore, the distal seismicity intensified penecontemporaneously with signals in geodetic data that appear to reveal a transition from magmatic inflation of the volcano to dike injection. Focal mechanisms for five events within the distal cluster show strike-slip-fault movement. Directly above the earthquake cluster, shallow (<5 km deep) folds and faults mapped using multichannel seismic-reflection data strike northeast, parallel to the regional structural grain. About 10 km northeast of Augustine Volcano, however, the AugustineSeldovia arch, an important trans-basin feature, strikes west and intersects the northeast-striking structural zone. We propose that the fault causing the distal earthquake cluster strikes northwest, subparallel to the arch, and is a right-lateral strike-slip fault. Future earthquake monitoring might show whether increasing activity in the remote cluster can aid in making eruption forecasts.


Objective To explore the injury characteristics and microsurgery repair method of palm penetrating wound complicated with tissue defect after wound. Methods From June 2001 to June 2006,22 cases of palm penetrating wound complicated with tissue defect were subjected to emergency and microsurgery repairment: there were 16 cases of both-side skin defect complicated with metacarpal fracture or defect,which skin defect was repaired by free bifoliate dorsal foot flap or dorsal-sole metatarsal series flap,bone defect by iliac bone,tendom and nerve defect with extensor digitorum and cutaneous nerve of dorsal foot;there were 6 cases of both-side skin defect complicated with metacar-pophalangeal points defect,which were repaired by free metatarsophalangeal point carried with the skin of dorsal-sole metatarsal,tendom and nerve defect with extensor digitorum and cutaneous nerve of dorsal foot. The cure effect was analysed after follow up. Results The 22 cases were followed up of 8-56m(averaged 30m),all flaps surived,wound healed at stage one,bone grafted unioned,the outline and the sensory and the function of the palm were satisfied.Conclusion Emergency debridement and microsurgery repairment of skin and bone and tendom and nerve defect for palm penetrating,which wound is complicated with tissue defect could shorten the treatment course,mostly recover the outline and the sensory and the function of the palm mostly. It's a high efficient and rapid method.


— Suspension is an important part of the automobile, it is the vehicle ride comfort and control stability and other performance which have a great impact. Therefore, suspension design has always been one of the concerns of automobile designers. In this paper, suspension system mathematic model was built with the input of road roughness. Displacement and velocity of the non-sprung mass and the sprung mass were obtained respectively. The difference of displacement of the non-sprung mass and the sprung mass was reached.


The search for electric dipole moment (EDM) in storage rings raises two questions: how to create conditions for maximum growth of the total EDM signal of all particles in bunch, and how to differentiate the EDM signal from the induced magnetic dipole moment (MDM) signal. The T-BMT equation distinctly addresses each issue. Because the EDM signal is proportional to the projection of the spin on the direction of the momentum, it is desirable to freeze the spin direction of all particles in a bunch along the momentum. This can be successfully implemented in Quasi Frozen (QFS) and Frozen (FS) Spin structures. However, in case of magnet misalignments, the induced MDM signal may arise in the same plane as the EDM signal and thereby prevent its registration. In this paper, we analyze the effect of errors together with the spin-tune decoherence of all particles in the bunch for FS and QFS options.


The world sees a threat from Islam to modern civilization. Also, for Muslims, Western culture seems to be dangerous to their values. The resulting tensions are defined in Islam by the term of jihad or 'holy war', which assumed in the history the forms of armed or ideological struggle. Today it is accompanied by the theory of the clash of civilizations which sees the causes of future conflicts in the World in cultural, religious, ethnic and social differences. In Poland, Islam was represented by the Polish-Lithuanian Tatars. The close coexistence of the two cultures formed a tolerant and relatively liberal Polish Muslim community. Relations were good. Muslim jihad served to defend our land, and the clash of civilizations did not bring out the differences between the two cultures, but increasingly it brought them nearer. The influx of new Muslims to Poland changes the image of Islam. However, it should not affect the peaceful cooperation between the two civilizations. It is hoped that their meeting in the Polish Lands will not generate differences and conflicts, but will be based on reciprocal understanding and dialogue.


Abstract This paper discusses the need for user studies in libraries in the current electronic environment where libraries are faced with new challenges brought about by the digital revolution and rapidly developing new information technologies. It examines the importance of understanding user behaviour and changing information needs and their satisfaction with the quality of the services libraries provide to meet the changing requirements. User surveys are identified as an accepted method of conducting user studies in libraries and the author outlines the purpose, methods, and tools developed to measure service quality in libraries. This article presents a case study of a user survey conducted in a mental health library in Sydney South West Area Health Service in New South Wales, Australia.


The mixed cold-hot dark matter cosmological model (CHDM) with $\Omega_{tot}=1$ and a falling power-law initial spectrum of Gaussian adiabatic perturbations ($n>1$) is tested using recent obserbational data. It is shown that its fit to the data becomes worse with the growth of $n-1$, and may be considered as unreasonable for $n>1.1$ for all possible values of the Hubble constant. Thus, the CHDM model with a falling initial spectrum is worse than the same model with the approximately flat $(|n-1|<0.1)$ spectrum. On the other hand, the CHDM model provides a rather good fit to the data if $n$ lies in the range $(0.9-1.0)$, the Hubble constant $H_0 < 60$ km/s/Mpc ($H_0 < 55$ for $n=1$) and the neutrino energy density $\Omega_{\nu}< 0.25$. So, the CHDM model provides the best possibility for the realization of the simplest variants of the inflationary scenario having the effective slope $n\approx (0.95-0.97)$ between galaxy and horizon scales, including a modest contribution of primordial gravitational wave background to large-angle $\Delta T/T$ fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background (resulting in the increase of their total {\it rms} amplitude by $(5-10)%$) expected in some variants. A classification of cosmological models according to the number of fundamental parameters used to fit observational data is presented, too.


"[Ethnography] is the most appropriate research approach for increasing understanding of the range of sociocultural effects of the multifaceted and evolving Deepwater Horizon disaster on the people and communities of coastal Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama." Diane Austin Rebuttal to BP Round 2 Reports, September 26, 2014 It is fitting that this article is being published in April. On April 20, 2010, BP's Deepwater Horizon disaster began with the blowout of the Macondo well in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, an event that killed 11 men, physically injured 17 more and spewed millions of barrels of crude oil into the Gulf just over 40 miles off the Louisiana coast. On Monday, April 4, 2016, almost six years later, Federal Judge Carl Barbier issued his final order approving an estimated $20 billion settlement with BP addressing the local, state and federal claims arising from federal Clean Water Act (CWA) violations, Natural Resource Damage Assessments and economic and other losses related to the disaster. Between those two dates, in


Idris, M. B.: Local variations in the distribution of Silurian conodonts of the Distomodus kentuckyensis Zone of the Oslo Region, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, Vol. 64, pp. 181-191. Oslo 1984. ISSN 0029-196X. The distribution of conodonts in the early Silurian successions of the Oslo Region is assessed with respect to water depth and energy level changes. Although there is no strong lateral segregation nor increase in diversity in deeper waters, species seem to be selective in their preference for environments. A few exhibited anomalies in the near-shore, high energy environments, others in the off-shore, lower energy environments. The distributional trends of the main zonal indices Distomodus kentuckyensis and lcrio della discreta -lcriodel/a deflecta suggest that there are some interactions between these species. Generally, the distribution patte ms of the coniform apparatuses indicate that they are least tolerant of the shallow water, high-energy environments.


Although, the media has been receiving much global attention in playing a partisan and negative role by igniting violence while reporting about conflict and post-conflict situations, it can also playa positive role in de-escalation of the conflict and promotion of democracy. The signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement on 9th January 2005 between the SPLM and NCP, ushered in renewed hope of positive peace in southern Sudan. There was need for the media and especially radio to provide the people with vital information about post-conflict peacebuilding. Since 2005, several stakeholders such as the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) have been raising awareness about the role of the media in post-conflict peacebuilding. Therefore, they established media projects in a bid to promote postconflict peace building in southern Sudan. One of these stakeholders is the United States of Agency for International Development (USAID) that funded Sudan Radio Service (SRS) with the objective of promoting peace and development in Sudan. The study concentrated on exploring the role of the media and Sudan Radio Service in particular in post-conflict peacebuilding in southern Sudan. The study also analysed the challenges facing the media in post-conflict peacebuilding in southern Sudan. Secondary and primary data as from 2005 2010 were considered in the study. Unstructured personal interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and questionnaires were used to collect primary data.It was established that the medialSRS played a role in post-conflict peacebuilding in Southern Sudan; including connecting and unifying all southern Sudanese toward nation building, reformed the socio-economic structures and reformed justice and security institutions. The media too trained women on their rights to participate in the electoral process and educated women about their rights as they fulfilled the 25% to participate in good governance as was provided in the CPA. It also played a role in electioneering and enhanced its role in post-conflict peacebuilding by training journalists. But the absence of media laws that could be used to regulate the work of the media/SRS and protect journalists was the main obstacle to full coverage of post-conflict peacebuilding activities in southern Sudan. Therefore, the medialSRS played a role in post-conflict peacebuilding.


The microstructure of sintered Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/-Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ alloys that have been used previously for cation diffusion studies has been investigated using electron microscopy. The sintered materials contained a second phase that was studied using electron diffraction and x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. Experimental diffraction patterns were compared to theoretically calculated patterns using digital image processing. 15 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.


This thesis introduces a kind of group clamps applied to axis holes of hardware which belongs to drilling and chopping hull species.The group clamps make use of eccentricity characteristic of eccentricity axis sheath and V-shaped adjustable slide-block machine which actualize the motion of drilling sheath's position on clamps and can adjust the hub distance of clamp holes.Accordingly it is used for reference in design and manufacture by congeneric group clamps.


1. Medical imaging system comprising at least one controller adapted to: - receive information of the first image corresponding to one or more images obtained for the first time, - receive information of the second image corresponding to one or more images obtained second time to the first time, - determine whether or not to change the first coordinate information corresponding to one or more locations in the first image information, information relative to the second oordinat according to one or more locations in the second image information; u to allocate the information image based on the first determination result, wherein the controller is further configured to associate the first allocation information of the first image when it is determined that the first coordinate information corresponding to one or more locations in the pathology of the first image information, information changed relative to the second coordinate corresponding to one or more locations in the pathology of the second image information, wherein the controller is further adapted possibility NOSTA associate the second selection differing from the first selection, the information of the first image when it is determined that the information is first coordinates corresponding to one or more pathologies location information of the first image is not changed with respect to the information of the second coordinates corresponding to one or more pathologies location information of second izobrazheniy.2. image forming system according to claim 1, additional


Sensor nodes may be deployed in hostile environments. If an adversary captures a node, he may be able to access the private information within the node. The adversary then can replicate these sensors and deploy them in the network to launch a variety of attacks, these types of attacks are termed node replication attacks. Node replication attack differs from outsider attacks such as routing attacks, it directly attacks sensor node, spreading its influence throughout the network. Based on the existing distributed detection, a clustering-based scheme is proposed to detect node replication attack. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively detect node replication attack and it is more efficient than existing schemes as viewed from communication cost.


ABSTRACT In this paper, a new approach is presented to calculate the stability margin of the discrete systems. It is based on the algorithm for reduced conservatism of eigenvalues and the Gerschgorin circle theorem. The necessary and sufficient condition for conservatism of eigenvalues of matrix is stated and proved mathematically. Moreover, the proposed approach is illustrated with an example and it is compared with the other existing methods.


In Bangladesh, a South Asian country of 162 million people, M enopause, the cessation of menses and ovarian function, is a physiologic, endocrinologic, and normal consequence of aging. Yet, as with all female reproductive functions, menopause is also seen and interpreted socio-culturally by the values placed by a particular society on a woman's status and worth based on her reproductive potential. The experience and interpretation of menopause is nuanced internally by each woman who goes through this transition and externally by the perceptions of her family and community. The interpretations of these experiences vary cross-culturally from a normal biological process, to transformative liberation from menses, to a state of identity loss and shame. In this issue of Menopause, Harun et al summarize the experience of menopause in a cohort of urban and rural women in Bangladesh. To understand the knowledge and attitudes of menopausal Bangladeshi women, they performed a 28-question interview of 160 women. They conclude that although women in Bangladesh had little understanding of the process of menopause, increased knowledge was associated with education, profession, and urban dwelling. They also identify shame and stigma associated with menopause in Bangladesh. In particular, a substantial proportion of both rural and urban women felt humiliated and 61% and 39%, respectively, of rural and urban women did not consider themselves ''real women'' once they lost their reproductive capacity. Additionally, 91% of women reported a deterioration of their relationships with their husbands. Their study brings up many interesting questions. Why is there stigma to menopause in Bangladesh? Is this a universal phenomenon faced by aging women in all countries? Or does Bangladeshi society, specifically, have a negative outlook on the condition of menopause?


The use of high-transition-temperature (T/sub c/) superconducting resonators to stabilize oscillators operating between 1 and 10 GHz is discussed. Measurements of surface resistance are presented and related to the resonator quality factor (Q). Projections of resonator Q and oscillator phase noise are discussed. Improved materials should offer a greater than 20-dB reduction in noise over competing technology. The implications of flicker noise in reaching this level of performance are discussed, and preliminary measurements of flicker noise in the high-T/sub c/ materials are reported.<<ETX>>


Atomic clocks that fly on global-navigation satellites such as global positioning system (GPS) and Galileo employ light from low-temperature, inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) for atomic signal generation and detection (i.e., alkali/noble-gas rf-discharge lamps). In this application, the performance of the atomic clock and the capabilities of the navigation system depend sensitively on the stability of the ICP's optical emission. In order to better understand the mechanisms that might lead to instability in these rf-discharge lamps, and hence the satellite atomic clocks, we studied the optical emission from a Rb/Xe ICP as a function of the rf power driving the plasma. Surprisingly, we found that the electron density in the plasma was essentially independent of increases in rf power above its nominal value (i.e., "rf-power gain") and that the electron temperature was only a slowly varying function of rf-power gain. The primary effect of rf power was to increase the temperature of the neutrals in the plasm...


Previously, we demonstrated all-optical switching in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum-well (MQW) nonlinear directional couplers (NLDCs) using 10-ps pulses1 for which the origin of the nonlinearities was due to photoexcited real carriers. Recently, we have improved the fabrication of the NLDC, resulting in better reproducibility and switching contrast when picosecond pulses are used (see Fig. 1). We have also observed subpicosecond all-optical modulation in a GaAs/AlGaAs NLDC using femtosecond pulses. The origin of such ultrafast modulation is attributed to the optical Stark effect.2


This lecture argues that the politicisation and instrumentalisation of the university caused by neoliberal frames has as a result the depoliticisation of knowledge and of the academic as individual. This depoliticisation has turned academic freedom into a right to disengage not only from the political fight around these issues but also from the deliberation about knowledge. The lecture uses the thinking of Arendt and Bourdieu to propose a different approach to the conceptualisation and practice of academic freedom.


As a major utility system in industry, boilers consume a large portion of the total energy and costs. Significant reduction of boiler cost operation can be gained through improvements in efficiency. In accomplishing such a goal, an adequate dynamic model that comprehensively reflects boiler characteristics is required. This paper outlines the idea of developing a mathematical model of a water-tube industrial boiler based on first principles guided by the bond graph method in its derivation. The model describes the temperature dynamics of the boiler subsystems such as economizer, steam drum, desuperheater, and superheater. The mathematical model was examined using industrial boiler performance test data.It can be used to build a boiler simulator or help operators run a boiler effectively.


Abstract We consider residual-based stabilised finite element methods for the generalised Oseen problem. The unique solvability based on a modified stability condition and an error estimate are proved for inf-sup stable discretisations of velocity and pressure. The analysis highlights the role of an additional stabilisation of the incompressibility constraint. It turns out that the stabilisation terms of the streamline-diffusion (SUPG) type play a less important role. In particular, there exists a conditional stability problem of the SUPG stabilisation if two relevant problem parameters tend to zero. The analysis extends a recent result to general shape-regular meshes and to discontinuous pressure interpolation. Some numerical observations support the theoretical results.


This paper describes, by way of introduction only, the U.K. response capability for oil spill clearance and outlines the reasons for choosing a dispersant approach. The paper then concentrates on the details of the systemused to render the dispersant approach operational. The methods of applying dispersants to slicks at sea are described in detail for ships, small vessels, and aircraft. This leads logically to consideration of the oil concentrations in the water column resulting from dispersant use, and data on this topic are presented. Finally, the respective capability of ships and aircraft is presented in terms of oil treatment rate per hour and the whole rounded off by a statement of the amounts of dispersant and equipment held in the United Kingdom in support of the national contingency plan, with examples of performance in real spills.


The aim of this chapter is to explore what is meant by strategic intelli-gence in the early twenty-first century. Created during the Cold War, de-cision-makers� intelligence needs were faced by intelligence structures focused on avoiding strategic surprises. Generating real knowledge of the global scenario and even trying to modify it is a task that is now re-quired by the intelligence agencies. Monitoring the environment without falling into the fallacy that technology can work by itself without the as-sistance of the policy maker, who must tell them where and what to look at, would be a fundamental error in the construction of a new model of intelligence. This new model will have economic intelligence as one of its key elements and will represent the struggle between nations and global corporations at the beginning of this century.


This chapter deals with the observations and data reduction techniques. Basic theory of the Fabry-Perot interferometer is discussed in the beginning. A brief note on the instrumentation and observation is given, for which the details can be seen in Chandrasekhar (1982) and Chandrasekhar et al., (1984). Finally the digitization procedure and the various steps involved in the data reduction are discussed in some detail.


This thesis deals with the inherent hinders in international law, which are obstacles to a coherent human rights protection in Europe. By looking at cases from the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights respectively, the inherent hinders are presented through the differences in attitudes demonstrated in case-law from the two courts and discussed in light of the potential effects for human rights protection in Europe.

The ECJ had previously clearly, and firmly, established that EU-law (EC-law until 1 January 2010) is an autonomous legal system: separate from, and superior to, the domestic legal systems of the member states. In 2008, in Kadi, the ECJ took another decisive step in establishing its legal independence by distinguishing EU-law from International Law created by the UN Security Council when human rights were at issue.

Quite on the contrary, in a series of cases, the European Court of Human Rights has accepted and confirmed its position as an international organ, part of the system of International Law, or the International Legal Order, with the UNSC as the supreme lawmaker.

This thesis highlights and discusses the key legal aspects underlying the two courts' reasoning; Article 103 of the UN Charter and the human rights limitations of the UNSC as well as the notion of sovereignty in international law. Further, it discusses potential consequences of these attitudes and presents an argument to overcome part of the problem. The author argues that the principle of lex specialis could be used as an interpretive means to allow for human rights to trump the mandating character of Article 103 of the UN Charter.


Piezoelectric materials have been major area of focus for development of sensors and actuators for almost a century. Apart from the single-phase materials like polymers, copolymers have also been studied extensively in terms of achieving combination of material properties, tailoring of parameters and ease of fabrication. One such copolymer is Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/trifluoroethylene [P(VDF-TrFE)], which exhibits attractive properties to make it useful as transducers in various applications. Being dielectric material, the investigation of dielectric properties of P(VDF-TrFE) is essential. In the present investigation, copolymer films were prepared by hot press method and their dielectric properties have been investigated. Since P(VDF-TrFE) film has good thermal stability, the effect of temperature on dielectric properties of P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer has also been studied. Present work evaluates the dielectric properties such as relative permittivity, capacitance, dielectric loss and intrinsic conductivity, etc. of these films as function of frequency at various temperatures.


Surface charge of activated carbon in aqueous system and its influence on adsorption property was reviewed fromthe viewpoints of electrokinetic potential (ζ potential). Surface charge varies extensively depending on the precursorfor carbon, activation condition and post-treatment. The adsorption of various adsorbates, e. g., dyes and natural organic materials was affected by ζ potential in addition to pysical properties such as pore size and specific surface area of activatedcarbon. These suggest that surface charge plays an important role in activated carbon as an adsorbent in water.


This paper focuses on the writer's doctoral research about the development of a 3D digital approach to study, analyse and (re)interpret archaeological collections. 3D documentation, based on the integration of digital technologies, is applied to a group of small terracotta figurines from the Ayia Irini archaeological excavation (Cyprus).The aim of the research is to enhance the stylistic, typological and technologicalstudy of that material. The Cypriot archaeological site was excavated and studiedat the beginning of the 20th century by a Swedish archaeological mission. After the excavation, the findings were divided and exhibited in Sweden and Cyprus. The aim of the present research is to study the material in a comprehensive way, to understand the production from a technical perspective and to identify modalities of creation, workshop/artisan(s), etc. The use of digital technologies for acquiring data allows one to metrically obtain the geometry, dimensions and texture details of an artefact with millimetre precision. The 3D digital replica of the terracotta statuettes permits one to operate a quantitative and qualitative comparison of the artefacts, even between items physically distant, and to extract their elements and characterizations.This gives us the possibility to identify various technical features: manufacture,use of standards, guidelines and rules in the production of the artefacts, aswell as workshop's methodologies and techniques. The metrical comparison of the statuettes' geometries further helps to identify the similarities and to draw conclusions about the production of the material. The digital documentation of the Ayia Irini sample is currently under finalisation. Up to this moment a group of fifty-two terracotta figurines were digitally acquired and as many 3D models were realised.Currently, the study is focusing on the metric analysis and geometrical comparison of the 3D models. Moreover, a semantic and standardised 3D description of the three-dimensional models is being realised. (Less)


The nonlinear operation of sensor managers and their non-stationary stochastic environment require the use of simulation techniques to quantify and verify their behavior. This is particularly evident when comparing different approaches to sensor management. It is important to consider which performance metrics are of greatest interest and are useful to the evaluation and comparison of competing designs. The environment, sensors, tracking, and fusion simulation must all be unbiased in order to provide an even playing field for evaluating and comparing alternative approaches to sensor management while still having sufficient fidelity to be useful and conclusive. This paper discusses a distributed simulation environment for the evaluation of an information-based sensor management system developed to detect, identify, and track targets. The difficulties and solutions to the need for a top level design, accurate data, computational complexity, required storage, and inter-modular communications are also examined. Much of the simulation has been written in Matlab under Linux though the design ideas do not necessarily preclude other environments. The paper concludes with a preliminary comparison of the performance of a conventional rule based sensor management system with an information based sensor management system.


15434,28 is a 0.39 g, 6 mm diameter sphere collected on the Apennine Front, Apollo 15. It consists of a yellow/orange glass of intermediate-Ti composition (Ti02 3.4%), distinct from both the Apollo 15 yellow volcanic and impact glasses. Its interior is homogeneous and crystal-free, but the exterior is a thin diffuse rind (less than 200 microns thick) containing debris of mare basalt materials. The glass and its major and trace element chemistry were described by Ryder [1,2] who concluded that it was an exceptional volcanic glass (large size, adhering rind, evolved chemical composition). If it is an impact glass it is no less remarkable (homogeneity, lack of vesicles, apparent lack of meteoritic contamination). Here I report the characteristics of the materials in the rind, indicators of the geological and petrological context of the glass sphere. The exterior surface is dull, dark gray, and slightly bumpy or blistered, with scattered mineral and lithic fragments embedded in it. The fragments have clean surfaces, lacking adhering dust or glass. The largest visible macroscopically is a 2 mm coarse mare basalt that protrudes out of the rind. The mineral fragments are mainly olivines and pyroxenes, with some plagioclases. One thin section (,130) was cut tangential and close to the surface of the sphere, so that it grossly over-represents the rind material (Fig. 1); a serial section (,131) is more interior and contains much less debris. The rind shows crystallization around clasts, with dendritic olivines (Fig. 1). Apart from olivines, pyroxenes, and plagioclases, the sections contain some spinel and chromite, some small mare basalt pieces, and a few tiny devitrified brown spherules. The fragments are fairly angular and have not noticeably reacted with the glass. Microprobe analyses show that the phases are those of lowTilintermediate-Ti mare basalts (Figs. 2-5). The pyroxenes have zoning and minor element abundances (Figs. 2, 3) identical with those in the local olivine-normative mare basalts, and quite different from those of high-Ti or very low-Ti basalts. Furthermore, the trends are those of slower-cooled olivine-normative mare basalts. The olivines show the high CaO (more than 0.2%) and the plagioclases the high FeO (more than 0.3%) typical . of lunar mare basalts (Figs. 4, 5), and both have ranges of compositions consistent with coarse-grained local olivine-normative basalts. The spinel (ulvospinel) and ilmenite compositions are consistent with mare derivation. Four small devitrified spheres analyzed have the compositions of Apollo 15 volcanic green glass. On the basis of Mg/Si, Al/Mg, MgIFe, and CaO abundances, two of them are group A and two are ' ., group D, the most common compositions found among Apollo 15 samples [3,4].


Three schemes of multibranch switch‐and‐examine combining (MSEC) with switch statistics different from the signal‐to‐noise ratio used in the traditional MSEC are analyzed. For each diversity branch, with its fading factor a and low‐passed received signal r, the switch statistics for the three MSEC schemes considered in the paper are | r | , | ar | , and a linear combination of a and | r | , respectively. To illustrate the performances of the MSEC schemes, the average BER of each MSEC scheme with BPSK signaling is evaluated for independent and identically distributed Rayleigh fading channels. For performance optimization, the optimal switch thresholds of the MSEC schemes are obtained. Numerical results based on the analysis and simulations are presented for performance illustrations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The invention discloses a high-voltage discharge air dehumidification device based on electrodialysis. The high-pressure discharge air dehumidification device comprises a power supply, a positive electrode device, a negative electrode device, a separation chamber and a water vapor separation membrane, wherein a positive electrode of the power supply is connected to the positive electrode device, and a negative electrode of the power supply is connected to the negative electrode device; the water vapor separation membrane is arranged in the separation chamber and divides the separation chamber into two areas which are not communicated with each other, gas inlets and outlets communicated with the outside are formed in the two areas, and the positive electrode device and the negative electrode device are arranged in the two areas respectively. According to the high-voltage discharge air dehumidification device, high-voltage corona discharge is utilized to ionize gas which then moves to a positive electrode plate in an electric field; water vapor molecules are separated by virtue of a high permeability coefficient of a polymer separation membrane to water vapor molecules, thereby directly dehumidifying humid air; the whole dehumidification system has the advantages of simple structure and convenience in operation.


High post-larval abalone mortality is a major problem for abalone culturists today. The purpose of this study was to determine if the copepod (Tigriopus californicus) caused mortalities among larval abalone (Haliotis rufescens). A significant (P<0.01) relationship existed between the concentration of copepods and abalone mortality. However, no significant difference of mortality was found between abalone with copepods directly in cultures or abalone with only copepod effluent water passed into cultures. Therefore, copepods did not directly kill abalone. Indirect exposure of copepods to abalone were investigated by analyzing water quality parameters. Bacterial studies showed a trend of increasing concentration of Vibrio anguillarum with increasing concentrations of copepods. Species in the genera Vibrio are deadly to fish and shellfish in the marine environment. Thus, V. anguillarum was suspected as the primary cause of young abalone mortality in this study. Ultraviolet treated seawater and the antibiotic neomycin were tested in abalone cultures with and without copepods to determine if Vibrio free conditions increased abalone survival. Treated abalone cultures were Vibrio free and contained abalone which survived superior to non-treated, Vibrio present groups.


Talbot lasers are based on acousto-optic frequency-shifter (AOFS) loops seeded by a cw laser. When a single-frequency laser injects a frequency-shifting loop (FSL) system, constructive interferences occur periodically with time generating pulses at a repetition rate equal to (integer Talbot effect) or with a multiple of (fractional Talbot effect) the mode spacing of the comb. Talbot lasers have been shown to provide high-repetition rate pulse trains and have been applied to RF-optical signal processing, spectroscopy, and ranging.
Here we investigate an all-fibered frequency-shifting loop (FSL) that includes an electro-optic intensity modulator (EOM) instead of the AOFS. Experimental results show that the intensity-modulating FSL generates short pulses with a repetition rate multiplication. It is based on the temporal fractional Talbot effect by adjusting the modulation frequency f_m and the fundamental frequency of the loop f_c as the ratio of two integers: f_m⁄f_c =p⁄q, leading to a repetition rate equal to qf_m= pf_c. In the experimental demonstration, the fundamental frequency of the loop f_c is constant while the modulating frequency f_m is adjusted thanks to the EOM. We observe pulses at a repetition rates tunable between 6 MHz and 600 MHz. The system is modeled by a simple linear interference model that takes the amplitude modulation function and loop delay into account. The model predicts the fractional Talbot property as in AOFS-based systems, but with an additional amplitude modulation of the pulse train, in good agreement with the experimental results.
This experiment shows an alternative approach to AOFS loops, taking advantage of the inherent bandwidth and tunability of the EOM. This fractional Talbot laser may find applications in optical sampling, THz generation and ultrafast data processing systems.


According to French President Nicholas Sarkozy, "France is a country where there is no place for the burqa, where there is no place for the subservience of women."2 With the French President's encouragement, France's National Assembly and Senate voted to publicly ban face-concealing clothing.3 The legislation applies to any articles of clothing (e.g., masks, stockings, and balaclavas) that conceal the face when used alone or in conjunction with another garment.4 Although the text of the legislation does not specifically refer to Muslim garments, the legislation has a disparate impact on Muslim adherents whose clothing conceals their faces. Examples of Muslim clothing prohibited by the prohibition include burqas and niqabs.5 The burqa, traditionally from Afghanistan, covers the entire body and has a narrow gauze-covered slit for the eyes. The niqab is the burqa's Arab equivalent, and only covers the face with a narrow opening for the eyes.6


Because the twin GRACE Follow-On satellites are equivalent to the one-dimensional horizontal gravity gradiometer with a baseline length of the intersatellite range, the feasibility demonstrations on precisely and rapidly recovering the next-generation Earth's gravitational field by the GRACE Follow-On satellite gravity gradiometry method (GFO-SGGM) are carried out in this study. The research results are as follows: Firstly, based on the GRACE Follow-On satellite gravity gradiometry method, using the orbital parameters of the satellite (e.g. orbital altitude of 250 km, intersatellite range of 50 km, orbital inclination of 89° and orbital eccentricity of 0.001), the measurement precisions of key payloads (e.g. 10−6 m in intersatellite range, 10−7 m·s−1 in intersatellite range- rate and 10−10 m·s−2 in intersatellite range-acceleration by the interferometric laser ranging system, 10−3 m in orbital position and 10−6 m·s−1 in orbital velocity by the GPS receiver, and 10−11 m·s−2 in non-conservative force by the accelerometer), a 30-day observation time and a sampling interval of 10 s, the Earth's gravitational field complete up to degree and order 120 is accurately recovered, and the cumulative geoid height error is 9.331×10−4 m at degree 120. Secondly, in 120 degrees, the accuracy of the gravity recovery from the future twin GRACE Follow-On satellites is averagely improved by about 61 times than that from the current twin GRACE satellites. Therefore, the GRACE Follow-On satellite gravity gradiometry method promisingly becomes a preferred approach for further improving the determination accuracy of the next-generation Earth gravity field model. Finally, the advantages of the next-generation GRACE Follow-On mission as compared with the present GRACE mission principally consist of the lower orbital altitude of the satellite between 200 km and 300 km, the higher measurement accuracy of the space-borne instruments between 10−7 m·s−1 and 10−9 m·s−1 and the shorter intersatellite range between 50 km and 100 km.


Abstract: This study aims to bring about the pernicious outcomes of Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), 2019. It intends to dispense the facts and statements on different significant aspects like economy, employment, foreign relations and international trade. The study compares the economic condition of the country preceding and following the introduction of the law. This research is an attempt to explore the relationship between religious intolerance and the overall development of the country. Using the existing established links from different studies conducted by researchers, economists and financial analysts, between the economy of a country and such laws based on religious grounds, it tries to analyze and analogize its outcomes concerning India. It explains how CAA can take India on an expedition to its past in terms of financial stability. This research proposes to state the social conflict and the obstacles that the country is experiencing as a consequence of the newly established law.


Motivation. There is increasing evidence that obesity contributes to the cost of medical care in workers compensation, and that this contribution is significant in magnitude. For instance, a recent study of workers compensation claims of Duke University employees shows that, for the morbidly obese, the medical costs per 100 full-time equivalent employees are nearly seven times as high as for employees of recommended weight. In the following study, the evidence of the contribution of obesity to the medical costs of workers compensation is generalized to a set of claims that comprises 36 U.S. States and nine injury years. Further, it is shown how the cost difference between "obese claims" and comparable "non-obese claims" develops as claims mature—this evidence of the difference in development offers important guidance for both reserving and ratemaking. The study is confined to the effect of obesity on severity—the effect of obesity on claim frequency is beyond the scope of this analysis. Method. The study makes use of a matched-pairs research framework. Every obese claim in the data set is matched with a non-obese claim. Exact matching applies to all claim characteristics, except age at injury, where proximity matching is employed. The set of matched pairs is then analyzed using a semiparametric Bayesian multilevel model, the nonparametric component of which accounts for the possible nonlinear influence of age. Aside from age, the covariates comprise the injury year, the nature of injury, the U.S. state, and the industry— these four covariates enter the model as random effects. Further, the gender of the claimant and cross-state differences in the legislative environment, as they manifest themselves in mandatory utilization review and mandatory bill review, are accounted for using indicator variables. The model is estimated by means of MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation). The reversible jump concept of Bayesian modeling averaging is used in determining the functional form of the nonparametric component that captures the influence of age. Results. The study shows that, in the aggregate, obese claims are 2.8 times more expensive than non-obese claims at the 12-month maturity, but this cost difference climbs to a factor of 4.5 at the three-year maturity and to 5.3 at the five-year maturity. Further, the cost difference (at the five-year maturity) is less for females than for males. Mandatory utilization review and, in particular, mandatory bill review significantly reduce the cost difference between obese and non-obese claims. Availability. The semiparametric multilevel model was estimated using JAGS with R. JAGS (Just Another Gibbs Sampler, http://www-ice.iarc.fr/~martyn/software/jags/) is an open-source platform for Gibbs sampling, developed by Martyn Plummer at the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization in Lyon, France. The reversible jump routine was written as a C++ JAGS module. R is an open-source statistical modeling platform (http://www.r-project.org/), which is administered by the Technical University of Vienna.


A new fabrication method of a-Si∶H/SiO2 mutilayers (ML) is successfully employed by using layer by layer deposition of a-Si∶H sublayer and in situ plasma oxidation in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. Based on the constrained crystallization principle of a-Si∶H sublayer, the size-controlled nc-Si/SiO2 ML was obtained by the crystallization treatment including a rapid thermal process and furnace annealing. Blue photoluminescence is observed in the crystallized a-Si∶H/SiO2 ML at room temperature. The structure property of the nc-Si/SiO2 ML is investigated by transmission electron microscopy and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The origin of the blue-light emission is briefly discussed in combination with PL and absorption measurements.


Abstract. Control of pests of pecan (Carya illinoensis K. Koch) nuts involves multiple challenges. Appropriate application timing is a crucial first step, followed by complete coverage of the nut surface area by contact insecticides, while dissipation of pesticides because of numerous biotic and abiotic factors affects pest control effectiveness through time. Increase of untreated area because of growth of the nut surface, exposing a non-protected part of the shuck to pest attack is rarely considered. We measured the area of pecan nuts at weekly intervals to establish a surface area growth pattern that indicated increase between 15 and 30%. The rapid growth left a considerable area exposed to insect attack, or having less concentration of insecticide on the expanded treated area only a week after the previous application of insecticide make nuts more susceptible to pest attack. The information can be useful when reapplying pesticides to control pests of pecan nuts.


The "Nomocracy" thought of Jiang Zeming is the succession and development to the democracy legal system thought of Deng Xiaoping. Socialism legal system developments is inseparable with socialism market economy.


Various investigations were aimed to highlight the findings related to the cause, manner and mechanism of deaths for medicolegal purposes. A few and limited studies were performed related to this issues in our region. In our study, we aimed to research medicolegal deaths with regard to age, gender, place of death, manner and cause of death and toxicological investigations. Autopsy reports of 1051 cases were evaluated according to determined parameters retrospectively at Council of Forensic Medicine, Izmir Group Chairmanship Morgue Branchin the year 2004. The mean age was 40.12 + 19.55 and 79.5 % of the cases were male. In the majority of the cases the manner of death was found natural. Cardiovascular system disease, cancer and infections were the leading cause of death (35.1%), other cause of death were listed as follows; 18.5 mechanic asphyxia, 17.2% firearm wounds, 9.8% stab wounds. Natural deaths in children and women were significantly higher than in adults and men in order. Most of the asphyxial deaths occurred among children and women. In conclusion, our findings showed age groups, gender, region and seasons could affect the manner arid cause of deaths and also intoxications. Keywords : Medicolegal autopsy, cause of death, manner of death


Build a green infrastructure helps not only with the 'One belt, one road' strategy implementation, also supports to establish the ecological civilization and promote national development. This paper analyses the characteristic and the impacts of highway infrastructure to define the sustainable development issues in the highway. It ended up suggesting the significance of sustainable highway infrastructure in the "One belt, one road" strategy. Keywords—Highway Infrastructure, Sustainability, One belt


Knowledge of particle percolation impacts on both the economics and safety of cave mining operations. Nevertheless, very little research has focused on particle percolation in block or sub-level caving mines. Percolation of fine particles occurs when mixtures of particles with different sizes are simultaneously exposed to shearing and/or volumetric deformations and gravitational forces. This results in the fine particles traveling through the bed of coarse particles. The aim of this paper is to study the percolation of fine particles in highly angular particle assemblies similar to caved rock fragments using physical models called the Shear Cell for Percolation of Geomaterials (SCPG). Percolation tests were carried out for ideal media consisting of steel spheres (4.00 mm), glass spheres (4.00, 5.00, 6.00, 15.75 mm) and plastic spheres (4.00 mm) and highly angular crushed basalt aggregate (2.86, 4.05, 5.21, 6.18, 13.20 mm). Basalt aggregate more closely resembles real caved rock than the mono-size spherical particles (e.g., glass spheres) used by previous researchers. Key combinations of fine and bed-matrix particles were tested to quantify the effect of strain rate, particle diameter ratio, density and shape. To explore the mechanisms controlling percolation across the range of tested particle shapes and sizes, a dimensionless percolation rate (DPR) relation was derived using the method of Bridgwater et al. (1978).


In November 1979, shortly after the seizure of the American embassy in Tehran, the Jimmy Carter administration introduced Section 214.5 to Title 8 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (8 C.F.R. §214.5). It initiated the Iranian Control Program, which screened Iranian students in the United States and fanned the flames of anti-Iranianism. The domestic response to an international crisis endangered the basic human right to the security of person; civil liberties and the constitutional guarantee of equal protection before the law; and the rights of immigrants, refugees, and asylees. In response to this tripartite challenge, Iranian students and their American allies mobilized against Section 214.5. This article finds that the hostage crisis threatened the fate of freedom in the United States and, in the process, generated new forms of rights advocacy.


Cell microinjection, as a significant tool of biomedical research, calls for advanced equipment with high efficiency, high success rate, high reliability, and repeatability. With the intent of providing a useful manipulator for robotic cell microinjection, this paper presents a novel complaint guiding mechanism for piezo-driven vibration cell microinjection. Mechanism design, kinematic modeling, parametric optimization, and simulation of the designed guiding mechanism are introduced in detail. The compliant guiding mechanism has a symmetrical and parallel connection structure with lumped compliance at its double-notch right-circle flexure hinges. Aiming at avoiding the resonance of the mechanism at actuation frequency, the response surface algorithm is utilized to optimize the dominant structural parameters of the designed guiding mechanism based on kinematic modeling with the pseudo-rigid-body method. The finite element simulation results show that the optimized compliant mechanism has the advantages of high off-axis stiffness and ideal working performance at the actuation frequency of 15 kHz, where the output amplitude of in-plane and out-of-plane lateral vibrations are diminished to 40% and 25% of the input lateral vibration amplitude respectively.


Simple Summary Foodborne salmonellosis remains one of the top zoonotic diseases affecting public health worldwide, and its incidence has remained stable in the last years in the European Union (EU) triggering questions on the usefulness of currently available measures to prevent its occurrence. A main focus of Salmonella national control programs is monitoring the presence of the bacteria in animal reservoirs, especially in poultry, and for this reason, thousands of samples are collected every year in poultry farms in EU countries, but the importance of certain factors in the probability of detecting Salmonella remains poorly understood. A thorough analysis conducted on data collected in all laying hen flocks sampled in Spain in 2015–2020 revealed that even though the presence of Salmonella was rare (<3.5% of positive sampling events), when samples were collected in certain months (fall–winter) and housing systems (caged flocks) and by competent authorities (as opposed to food business operators), the probability of detecting Salmonella increased significantly. These results demonstrate that the sensitivity of the sampling strategy may be influenced by how and when samples are collected and that certain flocks may be at an increased risk of infection. Abstract Trends in Salmonella human infections are assumed to be related to the distribution of the pathogen in the animal reservoir/food products, and cases in humans are most often linked to poultry and poultry products (eggs, meat). Therefore, ongoing Salmonella national control programs (NCPs) in European Union Member States have the objective of monitoring and reducing its prevalence in commercial poultry flocks. Results from NCPs have shown certain factors (housing systems, season of sampling and if sampling is conducted by food business operators (FBOps) or competent authorities (CAs), among others) can influence detection rates, but associations are often not consistent. Here, we analyzed data from the Spanish NCP on 7216 laying hen flocks subjected to 36,193 sampling events over a six-year period to characterize its performance and identify variables influencing detection rates. Overall, 1205 sampling events were positive for Salmonella spp. (any serovar) and 132 for S. Enteritidis-S. Typhimurium/monophasic. Bayesian multivariable models adjusting for multiple covariates concluded that sampling events later in the year, in caged flocks with older animals and conducted by CAs had increased odds of positivity for Salmonella spp., revealing aspects linked with a differential estimation of Salmonella levels in laying hen flocks.


System thinking of promoting enterprise development in multi-ethnic region must be under the guidance of systematic thinking mode,which should adhere to the following principles: system-opening which puts enterprise development in multi-ethnic region into open-sight and absorbs positive elements of enterprise external environment to promote the dynamism and vitality of enterprise development;system-subjectivity which can form innovative enterprise of national features and resource advantage,cultivate talent resources,and build the main body of economic innovation development;system-coordination which should make overall considerations of the relationship among all enterprise development to promote its comprehensive and concerted development;system-complexity which protects and exploits the abundant and various economic resources,cultivates new points of economic growth and advances enterprises transformation and upgrading to accelerate diversity form and harmonious development of enterprises;system-ordered regulation which enhances the ruling ability construction of controlling the economic activity.


In this paper, we aim to maximize the total uplink and downlink sum-rate by optimizing the trajectory of UAV used as relay base station in an OFDM-based UAV-assisted cellular system. We propose a bi-directional power allocation and trajectory control problem to maximize the total rate with collision avoidance, altitude limitations, and mobility constraints on UAVs. Trajectory control dependent on channel information has problems with unpredictable flight movements due to fast fading channels. This problem can be solved by sequentially processing trajectory control through ergodic SR optimization and power allocation. Numerical results compare the performance of algorithms considering only a single directional problem with the proposed bi-directional problems.


Isotopic compositions of unsaturated-zone (UZ) ground water ({delta}{sup 18}O, {delta}D, {delta}{sup 13}C and {sup 14}C) at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the site of a potential permanent national nuclear waste repository, can be used to infer the origins of water, residence times of the water, water flux, climatic and evaporative history of water, flow paths and velocities. These data can also be used as indicators of transport properties or water-rock interaction. The lack of long-term direct measurements of infiltration requires proxy indicators of water movement through the unsaturated zone to extend the record into the past. This report will discuss {delta}D and {delta}{sup 18}O data obtained from pore water, along with the {delta}{sup 13}C and {sup 14}C data of gas and water obtained from four boreholes dry-drilled through all UZ lithologic units to infer the existence of nonvertical flowpaths through the mountain and residence times of pore water.


This thesis presents an epistemic logic for modeling Zero-Knowledge proofs and other cryptographic protocols. We consider multi-agent interactions where a prover convinces a verifier of some proposition φ, with the verifier learning nothing more than the validity of φ. By enriching existing cryptographic variants of DEL with notions of probability, we introduce a cryptographic probability logic (CPL) that is capable of modeling cryptographic primitives such as encryption and passive adversaries while also capturing the concepts of interactive proofs and simulations. Within our presentation, we analyze multiple protocols including RSA encryption and a zero-knowledge proof for the NP-Complete problem of graph 3-coloring.