The article discusses how Old Believers of different denominations perceive the transfer of religious life to the online environment and the usage of new technologies within traditional practices. The main sources are field research data obtained in 2020—2022 and online interviews with Old Believers from Russia and abroad (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Romania, Republic of Moldova). Considering the attitudes towards online worship services and the use of modern technical means and media technologies to perform religious practices during the pandemic, the article examines how Old Believers search for answers about the extent to which the transformation of religious practices under the influence of mediatization is acceptable. Priestly Old Believers are more likely to positively perceive new technologies that allow them to expand missionary activities. As for the priestless Old Believers, most of the religious leaders and ordinary believers speak out against the active mediatization of traditional practices, since they no longer comply with the apostolic rules, while allowing the use of technical innovations and broadcasting of online worship services for educational purposes. Nevertheless, the variability of answers and interpretations can be traced not only at the level of different Old Believer denominations, but also within communities, while the region of residence does not play an important role in decision-making.


In the early hours of July 16, Greek parliament voted to accept the punitive July 12 funding deal put forward by eurozone lenders.


A design procedure of a dual-band stripline circulator has been developed by studying resonant modes within ferrite disks. Electromagnetic (EM) analyses have shown that it is possible to couple simultaneously both fundamental and upper modes in order to obtain a circulation's operation at two distinct frequency bands. Detailed EM simulations and measurement are presented and applications related to such a dual-band device are discussed.


Abstract Studying process of mathematics at SMP 4 Linggo Sari Baganti was still dominated by teacher while many students was not active. Generally they just receive what the teacher explained. When the teacher gave them chance to ask, only a few students ask about what the teacher explained. It made difficult to know whether the students understand the material that had been explained by the teacher or not. The lack of student's activities in studying was expected causing the student's result of studying low. One of the efforts that was done to resolve the problem was cooperative studying model with bowling campus strategy. Based on the data of research that was analyzed was found that the result of studyingmathematics by using cooperative studying model with bowling campus strategy better than the result of studying mathematics by using conventional studying at nine grade students of SMP 4 Linggo Sari Baganti. Keywords: cooperative learning, bowlingcampus, research.


The use of computers to collect and process data has reduced the number of staff required to operate a soil mechanics and unit costs of tests. Laboratories that continue with old manually intensive methods cannot compete in today's site investigation market place. In addition to the automated collection of data, radical changes are taking place in the basic testing machines with the inclusion of the microprocessors as controllers. Traditional testing methods are also being called into question. This paper speculates on what the fully automated laboratory of the near future will be like and the possible influence (of particular computer manufacturers) on the ultimate paths followed. For the covering abstract of the symposium see IRRD 815626.


Ab s t r Ac t Objective: To describe the relationship between exercise and Australia's nine national health priority areas (NHPAs), which are arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions, asthma, cancer control, cardiovascular health, dementia, diabetes mellitus, injury prevention and control, mental health conditions, and obesity. Materials and methods: CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus were searched from 2007 to 2017, inclusive. Included were systematic reviews and meta-analyses reporting the effect of exercise on development, management, and treatment of Australia's NHPAs. Results: A total of 74 studies were fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Moderate exercise effectively treats and manages symptoms of osteoarthritis. Exercise improves maximal oxygen uptake in patients with asthma, prevents breast cancer, and reduces hospital admissions for patients with heart failure. Exercise significantly reduces the risk of type II diabetes mellitus and assists weight control. Exercise reduces the risk of vascular dementia, delays cognitive decline, and is effective in falls prevention. Exercise reduces symptoms of anxiety and is an effective treatment for people with depression. Conclusion: Exercise had a positive/beneficial effect in all nine NHPAs. However, it doesn't have universal beneficial effect for every subdisease. From a clinical perspective, prescription of exercise to assist in the management and/or prevention of all of the nine NHPAs should be encouraged. Implications for public health: Exercise has a critical role in the national public health strategy for the prevention and treatment of diseases related to inactivity.


The characteristics of a magnetic Ericsson refrigeration cycle are investigated on the basis of the thermodynamic properties of the ferromagnetic material. The effect of field‐dependent heat capacity on regeneration is discussed. The coefficients of performance of the Ericsson magnetic refrigeration cycle are derived. Finally it is pointed out that, according to theoretical analysis, the Ericsson magnetic refrigeration cycle can be expected to reach or approach perfect regeneration by using a mixture of several magnetic materials as the working substance.


After bacteriophages, now virophages? A small icosahedral virus, Sputnik, 50 nm in size, has been found associated with a new strain of Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus (APMV). APMV is the largest known virus. It grows only in amoeba and is visible under an optical microscope. Sputnik cannot multiply in Acanthamoeba castellanii on its own. However, it grows rapidly in amoebae coinfected with APMV (Nature 455, 100-104;4 September 2008). Growth of Sputnik is deleterious to APMV and results in the production of abortive forms and abnormal capsid assembly of the host virus. It is suggested that Sputnik represents a currently unknown family of viruses. Considering its functional analogy with bacteriophages, this virus has been classiÞ ed as a virophage. It is postulated that virophages could be vehicles mediating lateral gene transfer between giant viruses.


The dominant scientific knowledge in accounting is reductionist and carries the ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions of the paradigmatic approach in which it was developed, i.e., in the overwhelming majority it does not take into account the conceptual framework, values, beliefs, and subjective understanding moved by the players. Thus, the aim of this article is to provoke a reflection on the dominant theoretical paradigms in accounting research, evidencing the importance of alternative approaches. From the methodological point of view, the "state of the art" of accounting research will be surveyed, fitting this research into the type of theoretical essay or review of the main literature. Therefore, it was assumed as a starting point — how to enrich accounting information, through the contribution of interpretive and critical paradigms, given the recognized epistemological limitations of functionalist approaches. This article, starting from the typology developed by Burrel and Morgan (1979) — two dimensions, four paradigms —, revisits different epistemological possibilities and presents reflections on the contribution of these approaches to research, identifying assumptions, advantages and limitations of each paradigm. In this article, we conclude that it is a mistake to stigmatize the different theoretical paradigms to the extent that all are legitimate; only concrete research, carried out in their respective paradigms, can be considered appropriate or not. This epistemological reflection is relevant to the current debate to the extent that there are editorial policies that refuse the publication, regardless of its intrinsic value, when research does not fit the dominant paradigms (Baker and Bettner, 1997).


Abstract Purpose Bile duct injury (BDI) is a catastrophic complication of cholecystectomy, and misidentification of the cystic anatomy is considered to be the main cause. Although several techniques have been developed to prevent BDI, such as the "critical view of safety", the infundibular technique, the rates remain higher during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) than during open surgery. We, here, propose a practical new strategy for ductal identification, that can help to prevent laparoscopic bile duct injury. Methods A retrospective study of 5539 patients who underwent LC from March 2007 to February 2019 at a single institution was conducted. The gallbladder infundibulum was classified by its position located on an imaginary clock with the gallbladder neck as the center point of the dial, 3-o'clock position as cranial, 6-o'clock as dorsal, 9-o'clock as caudal, and 12-o'clock as ventral, as well as the axial position. Patient demographics, pathologic variables and infundibulum classification were evaluated. Detailed analysis of ductal identification based on gallbladder infundibulum position was performed in this study. All infundibulum positions were recorded by intraoperative laparoscopic video or photographic images. Results All the patients successfully underwent LC during the study period. No conversion or serious complications such as biliary injury occurred. Gallbladders with infundibulum of 3-o'clock position, 6-o'clock position, 9-o'clock position, 12-o'clock position, axial position were 12.3%, 23.4%, 28.0%, 4.2%, and 32.1%, respectively. The 3-o'clock and 12-o'clock position were pitfalls that might cause biliary injury. Conclusion The gallbladder infundibulum as a navigator is useful for ductal identification to reduce BDI and improve the safety of LC.


This paper describes experiments training box embeddings to learn a set of N-way joint probability distributions over a set of category labels, where the categories are arranged in an expert-defined taxonomy. The sample space is PubMed abstracts with human assigned MeSH subject labels. Since the space of all possible joint probabilities is too large, we explore the efficacy of box embeddings with different training regimes on learning the joint probability distributions between the MeSH categories. The main purpose of this paper is to share experimental results and experiences with a new embedding method that promises more expressiveness, but with which the community has little experience. We show that training with samples from the space of joint probabilities is infeasable, and that training with conditional probabilities is much faster than with the more intuitive approach of using instance boxes, which do not scale well. Conditional probabilities require fewer parameters and less training data, with equivalent to slightly-better performance in reproducing N-way joint probabilities (up to N=9).


This paper forms part of our ongoing works on the existence of complete non-compact free boundary minimal planes in an asymptotically flat three-dimensional Riemannian manifold with boundary. We set up the degree theory for the space of properly embedded partially free boundary minimal half disks in a three-dimensional half ball. We prove that the space of such surfaces is a Banach manifold. The projection map which projects partially free boundary minimal half disks into their Dirichlet boundaries is a Fredholm map of index zero and has a well-defined mod-2 degree under suitable assumptions. The new major analytic difficulty is to analyze the properties of a second order elliptic operator with mix boundary conditions on a domain with corners.


9 Objects of more than three dimensions can be used to model geographic phenomena that occur in space, time and scale. For instance, a single 4D object can be used to represent the changes in a 3D object's shape across time or all its optimal representations at various levels of detail. In this paper, we look at how such higher-dimensional space-time and space-scale objects can be visualised as projections from R4 to R3. We present three projections that we believe are particularly intuitive for this purpose: (i) a simple 'long axis' projection that puts 3D objects side by side; (ii) the well-known orthographic and perspective projections; and (iii) a projection to a 3-sphere (S3) followed by a stereographic projection to R3, which results in an inwards-outwards fourth axis. Our focus is in using these projections from R4 to R3, but they are formulated from R to Rn−1 so as to be easily extensible and to incorporate other non-spatial characteristics. We present a prototype interactive visualiser that applies these projections from 4D to 3D in real-time using the programmable pipeline and compute shaders of the Metal graphics API. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 BACKGROUND 22 Projecting the 3D nature of the world down to two dimensions is one of the most common problems at 23 the juncture of geographic information and computer graphics, whether as the map projections in both 24 paper and digital maps (Snyder, 1987; Grafarend and You, 2014) or as part of an interactive visualisation 25 of a 3D city model on a computer screen (Foley and Nielson, 1992; Shreiner et al., 2013). However, 26 geographic information is not inherently limited to objects of three dimensions. Non-spatial characteristics 27 such as time (Hägerstrand, 1970; Güting et al., 2000; Hornsby and Egenhofer, 2002; Kraak, 2003) and 28 scale (Meijers, 2011a) are often conceived and modelled as additional dimensions, and objects of three or 29 more dimensions can be used to model objects in 2D or 3D space that also have changing geometries 30 along these non-spatial characteristics (van Oosterom and Stoter, 2010; Arroyo Ohori, 2016). For example, 31 a single 4D object can be used to represent the changes in a 3D object's shape across time or all the best 32 representations of a 3D object at various levels of detail (van Oosterom and Meijers, 2014; Arroyo Ohori 33 et al., 2015a,c). 34 Objects of more than three dimensions can be however unintuitive (Noll, 1967; Frank, 2014), and 35 visualising them is a challenge. While some operations on a higher-dimensional object can be achieved by 36 running automated methods (e.g. certain validation tests or area/volume computations) or by visualising 37 only a chosen 2D or 3D subset (e.g. some of its bounding faces or a cross-section), sometimes there is 38 no substitute for being able to view a complete nD object—much like viewing floor or façade plans is 39 often no substitute for interactively viewing the complete 3D model of a building. By viewing a complete 40 model, one can see at once the 3D objects embedded in the model at every point in time or scale as well 41 as the equivalences and topological relationships between their constituting elements. More directly, it 42 also makes it possible to get an intuitive understanding of the complexity of a given 4D model. 43 For instance, in Fig. 1 we show an example of a 4D model representing a house at two different levels 44 of detail and all the equivalences its composing elements. It forms a valid manifold 4-cell (Arroyo Ohori 45


Nowadays the contamination in waters by oily substances turns out to be a problem of world-wide scope and although some methods of removal of oils in water exist; these present some limitations; therefore, this project proposes the use of hydrophobic silicas as absorbent materials for oily substances. Modified silicas (R-SiO2) were synthesized using the Stöber method, modifying the surface by co-condensation. Tetraethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS) and two surface modifiers were used as silica former: Methyl-trimethoxysilane (MeTEOS) and n-octyl-triethoxysilane (nOctyl-TEOS). The R-SiO2 were characterized by infrared spectroscopy identifying the modifying groups and their hydrophobicity was qualitatively evaluated according to the change in solubility in water. Finally, the removability of an automotive motor oil was evaluated by determining the amount of oil removed per gram of modified silica.


The rapid global spread of COVID-19 necessitated changes to national behavioural patterns and working practices, including self-isolating, maintenance of social distancing and lockdowns. These steps are likely to have had consequences for mental health and wellbeing. Objectives : To assess the mental wellbeing of equine veterinary surgeons, equine veterinary nurses and veterinary students during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated lockdown in the UK in June 2020. Study design : Electronic survey. Methods : The survey was run between 6 June 2020 and 14 June 2020, and consisted of 22 closed and open questions, including the 14-item scale Warwick – Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS). The questionnaire was distributed through email via the British Equine Veterinary Association (BEVA) membership database. Results : A total of 451 responses were received. The mean scores for the WEMWBS for veterinary surgeons, veterinary nurses and veterinary students were 47.17, 39.53 and 44.29 respectively. These compare to 48.08 and 46.38 for equine veterinary surgeons and nurses respectively in the 2019 RCVS survey of the profession. The WEMWBS results indicated lower levels of mental wellbeing in equine veterinary nurses/student veterinary nurses and veterinary students, compared to equine veterinary surgeons, as well as in furloughed equine veterinary surgeons compared to working equine veterinary surgeons. Main limitations : Risk of self-selection bias and reporting bias. Low numbers of veterinary nurse respondents. Conclusions : There were lower levels of mental wellbeing amongequineveterinarysurgeonsandequineveterinarynurses during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the situation prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Equine veterinary nurses appeared to be more likely to report lower mental wellbeing than veterinary surgeons, and furloughed veterinary surgeons reported lower levels of mental wellbeing than veterinary surgeonsthatcontinuedworkingduringthelockdown.


The distribution characteristics of heavy metals for surface sediments in east oceanic dumping area (EDA) and west oceanic dumping area (WDA) are evaluated by grain sizes, minerals, sedimentation rates and compositions of heavy metals. The mean grain sizes in EDA and WDA range from to and to , respectively. These are mostly belonging to the M (mud) type. Minerals in the surface sediments consist of illite with chlorite, smectite, and kaolinite. Sedimentation rates estimated by method in EDA and WDA are 1.11 mm/yr1.73 mm/yr and 1.87 mm/yr, respectively. According to the interrelationship, concentrations of Ni, Cu, Cr, and Zn are closely associated with mean grain size, Al, and Fe, whereas concentrations of Cd and Pb are poorly associated with ones. The enrichment factors of these elements are higher than 1.5, suggesting that the concentrations of Cd and Pb in the surface sediments are affected by anthropogenic sources. The -class numbers of Cd and Pb in the surface sediments are mostly classified in 2 to 4, showing moderate to strongly polluted. These numbers in EDA are higher than that of WDA, and the highest number is 4, indicative of the strongly polluted class. Our results show that the disposed wastes at EDA include mineralogical wastes, dredged materials from sewage disposals, and sludges from constructions having materials of WDA. The annual amount of oceanic dumping in EDA is double than that in WDA.


Silver (Ag) dots arrays (64 and 400 dots per mm2) are fabricated on a continuous platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), or iridium (Ir) thin film (sacrifical anode systems for Ag) and for comparison on titanium (Ti) film (non‐sacrifical anode system for Ag) by sputter deposition and photolithographic patterning. The samples are embedded within a tissue‐like plasma clot matrix containing Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), cultivated for 24 h. Bacterial growth is analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Among platinum group sacrifical anode elements and a dense Ag sample, only the high Ag ion releasing Ag–Ir system is able to inhibit the bacterial growth within the adjacent plasma clot matrix. This study demonstrates that the antibacterial efficiency of Ag coatings is reduced under tissue‐like conditions. However, the new sacrificial anode based Ag–Ir system can overcome this limitation.


Joint modelling of longitudinal and survival data has received much attention in recent years. Most have concentrated on a single longitudinal variable. This paper considers joint modelling in the presence of multiple longitudinal variables. We explore direct association of time‐to‐event and multiple longitudinal processes through a frailty model and use a mixed effects model for each of the longitudinal variables. Correlations among the longitudinal variables are induced through correlated random effects. We allow effects of categorical and continuous covariates on both longitudinal and time‐to‐event responses and explore interactions between the longtudinal variables and other covariates on time‐to‐event. Estimates of the parameters are obtained by maximizing the joint likelihood for the longitudinal variable processes and the event process. We use a one‐step‐late EM algorithm to handle the direct dependence of the event process on the modelled longitudinal variables along with the presence of other fixed covariates in both processes. We argue that such a joint analysis with multiple longitudinal variables is advantageous to one with only a single longitudinal variable in revealing interplay among multiple longitudinal variables and the time‐to‐event. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Continent of China & adjacent areas was pieced together by the orogenic belts in different periods, and consisted of the five type lithospheres (Qiu et al., 2006, 2014). The area between the different type lithospheres was defined the lithospheric discontinuity zones (Kutina, 1995), which show differences on the many aspects such as the crust-mantle structure, rock composition, heat flow and thickness of the crust and the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, and should be have the close relationship with the metallogenesis. five types lithospheres are recognized in east China, including Eerduosi and Yangzi cratonic lithosphere, Yanshanian orogenic-type lithospheres represented by the Da Hinggan and Yanshan-Taihang mountains and central segment of the Nanling Mountains remain, rifttype lithospheres represented by the Songliao plain, North China plain and sea areas off Fujian and Guangdong, oceanic crust-type lithospheres represented by the Central sea basin of the South China Sea, and the island arc-type lithosphere represented by that of Taiwan. Masses of the lithospheric discontinuity zones in east China means having the important factors would cause the strongest and more active tectonic-magmaticmetallogenic events.


The invention relates to a RAM and a method for manufacturing same. A self-aligned conductive spacer process for fabricating sidewall control gates on both sides of a floating gate for high-speed RAM applications, which can well define dimensions and profiles of the sidewall control gates. A conductive layer is formed on the dielectric layer to cover a floating gate patterned on a semiconductor substrate. Oxide spacer are formed on the conductive layer adjacent to the sidewalls of the floating gate. Performing an anisotropic etch process on the conductive layer and using the oxide spacers as a hard mask, a conductive spacers are self-aligned fabricated at both sides of the floating gate, serving as sidewall control gates.


Increased incidence of venous thromboembolism in active phase of vasculitis has been found by several authors. Examining large cohorts of patients, the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. Patients with active vasculitis are not rarely exposed to heparin mainly because of dialysis, plasmafiltration or ECMO. In the high inflammatory context of active vasculitis, as in major surgery, heparin exposure could promote the formation of anti-PF4/heparin antibodies and induce HIT.

 Description of cases with active vasculitis and HIT observed in our cohort of ANCA-associated vasculitis patients from 1994 to 2019. Review of cases reported in the literature.

 We observed 18 patients with systemic vasculitis and HIT (10 M and 8 F, median age: 69.5 yo). Fourteen had ANCA antibodies, one patient had both ANCA and anti-GBM antibodies (double positive), two had positive anti-GBM antibodies, one had negative ANCA and anti-GBM antibodies. Among 15 patients with positive ANCAs, 13 had anti-MPO antibodies and 2 anti-PR3 antibodies (Fig. 1).
 All patients were exposed to heparin, 10 because of plasmafiltration and dialysis, 8 for dialysis alone. Mean platelet count nadir was 76100/mm3 (range 23000-197000/mm3).
 In all patients PF4–heparin antibody immunoassay was strongly positive (optical density >1 in 13 patients).
 The most frequent manifestations were thrombocytopenia and repeated clotting of the extracorporeal circuit and dialyzer with thrombosis of the hemodialysis catheter (6/18 patients). Four patients developed deep vein thrombosis almost invariably in the site of the hemodialysis catheter. Pulmonary embolism was observed in only one patient (Fig. 2).
 To our knowledge, only 11 cases of HIT in patients with vasculitis have been reported in literature (Table I). Detailed data are available for 7 patients (6 M and 1 F, median age 69.6 yo). Three patients had anti-PR3 antibodies, 2 anti-MPO antibodies, 1 both ANCA anti-MPO and anti-GBM antibodies (double positive), 1 only anti-GBM antibodies. Mean platelet count nadir was 45625/mm3 (range 17000-131000/mm3). Three out of 11 patients developed repeated clotting of the extracorporeal circuit and dialyzer, 2 patients had deep vein thrombosis in the site of the hemodialysis catheter, and one patient had also leukopenia and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Six patients were asymptomatic and developed only thrombocytopenia.

 When patients with active systemic vasculitis develop venous thromboembolism and thrombocytopenia after exposure to heparin, or repeated coagulation of the extracorporeal circuit and dialyzer or plasma-filter, HIT should be included in the possible differential diagnosis, and Platelet factor 4–heparin antibody tests should be performed.


The three-dimensional structure of Roebel cables consisting of coated conductors influences their ac loss characteristics. Measurements of the ac loss and numerical electromagnetic field analyses were carried out using a six-strand Roebel cable as well as several reference conductors: a single straight coated conductor, a 3 × 1 stack, where three straight coated conductors were stacked, and a 3 × 2 stack, where two 3 × 1 stacks were placed side by side. The measured and calculated ac losses of the Roebel cable and those of the reference conductors were compared with one another. The ac loss characteristics were discussed on the basis of the electromagnetic phenomena inside the superconductors obtained from numerical electromagnetic field analyses. The influence of the three-dimensional structure of the Roebel cable on its ac loss characteristics was verified on the basis of the experimental and numerical results.


A sequence prediction method for driving behavior data is proposed in this paper. The proposed method can predict a longer latent state sequence of driving behavior data than conventional sequence prediction methods. The proposed method is derived by focusing on the double articulation structure latently embedded in driving behavior data. The double articulation structure is a two-layer hierarchical structure originally found in spoken language, i.e., a sentence is a sequence of words and a word is a sequence of letters. Analogously, we assume that driving behavior data comprise a sequence of driving words and a driving word is a sequence of driving letters. The sequence prediction method is obtained by extending a nonparametric Bayesian unsupervised morphological analyzer using a nested Pitman-Yor language model (NPYLM), which was originally proposed in the natural language processing field. This extension allows the proposed method to analyze incomplete sequences of latent states of driving behavior and to predict subsequent latent states on the basis of a maximum a posteriori criterion. The extension requires a marginalization technique over an infinite number of possible driving words. We derived such a technique on the basis of several characteristics of the NPYLM. We evaluated this proposed sequence prediction method using three types of data: 1) synthetic data; 2) data from test drives around a driving course at a factory; and 3) data from drives on a public thoroughfare. The results showed that the proposed method made better long-term predictions than did the previous methods.


This study aims to re-evaluate Korean architects of the first generation through tracing careers and activities of their lifetime, and as a part of the study, this report paid attention to trace growth and educational background of architect Kim, Yun-Gi with his graduation thesis of Waseda University, newly discovered by the author. Architect Kim had a strong inspiration with severely poor status of housing environment of Korea when he made his mind to choose architecture for his major and to study abroad at Waseda university of Japan. This report introduced the contents of his graduation thesis, verifying his thoughts of housing improvement with his retrospects. During his school times, architect Kim initiated a science movement for his country through the activites of Koryo Industrial Meeting with his fellows, simultaneously performing investigations of Korean common houses for his graduation thesis. Architect Kims graduation thesis has a great importance for a unique historial material for studying Korean common houses of those times, and it reveals that he had enormous interests in improving On-Dol of Korean traditional heating system and its lifestyle. These opinions about housing improvement are maintained steadily in his housing theories produced in the future. This study will deepen analyzing the contents of Architect Kims graduation thesis and verifying the degree of relations between the thesis and his future housing theories, being based on the result of this report.


Safe production is an important mark of social civilization and advance of human society and it also safeguards the stable operation of national economy.With the constant development of market economy and further deepening of the reform of forest farms,it is a must that someone should be in charge of safety wherever there is an operation in order to strengthen on-site safety management.Based on the particularity of wood inspecting work,some progress has been made in strengthening and bringing into full play on-site safety coordinating function of wood inspectors.


Background: Vaginal bleeding is a common obstetric situation ranging from an insignificant episode to life threatening emergency. Ultrasonography is playing an increasing role in the diagnostic process. The objective of present study was to evaluate the uses of ultrasound as new diagnostic aid for patients of bleeding PV in pregnancy.Methods: A hospital-based prospective study was conducted among 100 pregnant patients who have the problem of bleeding. A complete general physical and pelvic examination was done, and patients were then subjected to ultrasound examination. Epi info 7 software was used for statistical analysis. Chi- square test was used as the test of significance. P<0.05 is considered statistically significant.Results: Among these 100 cases, Incomplete abortion was the commonest cause of bleeding. This was observed in 15 cases (27%). There were 8 (20%) cases of complete abortion in the present study in the scan done on <20 weeks. Abruptio placenta was seen in 10 (25%) cases as the most common cause in the scan after 20 weeks.Conclusions: Ultrasound is a valuable tool in the differentiation of causes of first trimester vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound is helpful in the decision-making algorithm about the safe continuation of the pregnancy, timely intervention for abnormal pregnancy.


In this paper, multiple traveling wave solutions to kdv equation, including solition solutions and periodic solutions, were obtained by using hyperbola function method and Wu-elimination method. The method used in this work also can be applied to other nonlinear equations.


This paper proposes a method of rule extraction from ordinary backpropagation neural networks, which do not have a structure that facilitates rule extraction. This method is based on interval propagation across the network. The method of rule extraction uses a procedure for inverting a neural network, which is also presented. A common benchmark control problem was used to test the rule extraction and inversion methods.


The method for the determination of alloyed amounts of rare earth metals in steels developed previously by the authors was verified to be appropr ate Using this method, the alloyed amount of Ce in steels 16Mn, 25MnTiB, Cr24Ni7Si2N and Fe-Cr-A1 alloy has been analysed The microautoradiographs show that the alloyed Ce distributed among the pearlite is more than that among the ferrite in 16Mn or 25MnTiB steel. An enrichment of Ce was obviously observed by autoradiography to be segregated along the grain and dendrite boundaries in Fe-Cr-Al alloy or Cr24Ni7Si2N when the Ce content is notl ow The microscopic inhomogeneity of Ce distribution is presented among different grains of the Fe-Cr-Al alloy.


This study explored the factors determining the working capitalwith the view to providing information on empirical tests that constitutes the determinants of working capital management in the listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study used secondary data sources which were collected from the Annual Report and Accounts of sixty purposively selected non-financial quoted companies in the Nigerian Stock Exchange Fact book. Data on financial variables such as sales, purchases, inventory, creditors, debtors and total assets were extracted from the Annual Reports of these non-financial quoted companies between the periods 2000-2009. This was when the country started to experience financial policies for the banking sector under the democratic dispensation. Macroeconomic data on the annual growth rate of the Gross Domestic Product was obtained from the Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that the significant factors determining working capital included sales growth, size of the firm, gross domestic product, leverage. The proportion of fixed assets to total assets and the net trading cycle, also determined working capital but were not significant at the five percent level. Keywords: working capital management, purposive, non-financial quoted companies, financial policies, democratic dispensation.


Abstract : Fratricide (or amicide) is a terrible consequence of combat operations. Often fratricidal consequences cannot be quantified directly or easily. Current research and development efforts are oriented to provide increased capability to automatically recognize targets, which offers to further complicate the fratricide situation. This report details a methodology, based on cost as a consequential approximation, for thresholding Automated Target Recognition (ATR) systems under combat conditions to minimize the impact of fratricide. Example computations using a simple enumeration simulation are presented to illustrate the application of the methodology.


As part of the U55 track construction project in Berlin, a further section of the metro line has been provided with measures against vibration. Going forward, various mass suspension systems in the range of 9 to 15 Hz will provide adequate protection against unwanted vibrations in adjoining buildings. Detailed technical preparations and logistical worksite planning meant that, also thanks to extensive quality assurance measures, the track for the first U55 section was completed in fault-free condition.


Background: Cervicouterine cancer represents 10 % of all types of cancer, and it is one of the three main death causes in women. Objectives: to determine the factors that may influence in the diagnosis of non-useful Papanicolaou smear in health areas II and III of Cienfuegos municipality, Cuba. Method: An ambispective analytic study was carried out in the second semester of the year 2005, in Cienfuegos municipality, Cuba. 122 non-useful Papanicolaou smear from health areas II and III were collected and those carrier women of the above mentioned samples were dated to repeat the test. The variables were; requisites and conditions to perform the test, visualization of the cervix and presence of vaginal sepsis. Results: An inadequated sample taking was observed in 93 patients (76,2 %), as well as the bad conditions of the place where the samples were taken. There was also instrumentation deficiency. The interview in more than 50 % of women was not the adequate one. Conclusions: Yet, existing an acceptable index of non useful Papanicolaou smear in Cienfuegos province, the program to detect cervicouterine cancer confront difficulties in its application and results.


"Death" and "afterlife" concepts have always been the most interesting issues of human being. Naturally, these have also been reflected to the literary works. In this article, the works which have "afterlife" concept in modern Turkish literature have been studied. These are as follows: Tayflar Gecidi-Ruhlar-Arziler (the plays of Abdulhak Hamid), Maske ve Ruh (the play of Halide Edip), Ruh Adam (the novel of Nihal Atswz). The elements of the "afterlife" concept in the works have been examined and their characteristics have been determined. Furthermore, the works have been compared with Divina Commedia that effected not only the Western literatures and arts but also the Turkish literature.


Using the hyper-spectral data acquired by CASI(Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager)/SASI(Shortwave infrared Airborne Spectrographic Imager) airborne hyper-spectral survey system, the mineral mapping in Baiyanghe area, Xinjiang, was made, and Al-rich muscovite, Al-middle muscovite, Al-poor muscovite, epidote, carbonate were mapped. Through analysis, it was discovered that the Al-rich muscovite was consistent with the known uranium mineralization in spatial distribution feature. This shows that the Al-rich muscovite has key relationship with uranium mineralization in Baiyanghe area. By deeply data processing and analysis, six sub-categories of Al-rich muscovite were mapped further, and the class1 and class2 of Al-rich muscovite were discovered to have most key relationship with uranium mineralization. These two sub-categories have obvious spectral feature different from other sub-categories. These preliminary new ideas are of important significance for uranium prospecting not only in the outside of Baiyanghe area, but also in the wider Xuemisitan area.


The invention relates to the technical field of the Internet, and discloses a chatting record clearing method and system, and a mobile terminal. The method includes: receiving a clearance instruction triggered and input by operation of a user on any chatting record on a chatting interface of an instant messaging tool, the chatting interface of the instant messaging tool being a chatting interface triggered to enter after the user uses account number information to log in the instant messaging tool on a mobile terminal; in response to the clearance instruction, clearing the chatting record; and shifting chatting records located under the cleared chatting record upwards, so as to fill the position of the cleared chatting record. By implementation of the chatting record clearing method, chatting records can be selectively cleared, thereby preventing loss from being brought to the user.


This paper presents a systematic method for the optimal settings of gas turbine operation under changing environment. After building the high-fidelity model of the gas turbine, four decision variables including fuel flow, high and low pressure compressor variable inlet guide vane and cooling coefficient were selected, while the pollutant emissions, cost of gas turbine and system output power are chosen as response variables to be optimized. A dynamic multi-objective optimization algorithm based on segmented prediction (DMOEA-BSP) has been developed to find the optimal operating conditions under the varying ambient pressure and temperature. Comparing to the classical DNSGA-II algorithm, the simulation showed that proposed DMOEA-BSP algorithm achieves a better operating performance.


1. A method for testing the electromagnetic at least one object, comprising the step of sending the electromagnetic radiation by means of at least one probe (2) towards a predetermined test point (40), which is the test object (OT), wherein said moving at least one probe (2) and the support (4) for the test object (OT) to one another in a controlled manner by a device (6, 60, 63, 601, 68) of mechanical movement in accordance with the trajectory that is calculated based on a predetermined stat sticks angular spread of direction of the electromagnetic radiation with respect to a predetermined main direction (D) of the probe guidance (2) toward a predetermined test point (40), for forming by means of said at least one probe (2) of electromagnetic radiation having said predetermined statistics angular spread with respect to a predetermined the main direction (D) navedeniya.2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said movement is performed in ploskosti.3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the said movement is carried out in a vertical plane for forming a predetermined statistical angular spread in elevation by moving devices (6, 60, 63, 601, 68) .4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said movement is performed in a horizontal plane to form a predetermined statistical angular spread in azimuth by moving devices (6, 60, 63, 601, 68) .5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said three-dimensional movement is to form the predetermined statistics angular spread in elevation and in azimuth


2-Bromoethanesulfonic acid (BESA) and 2-chloroethanesulfonic acid (CESA) have been reported to be potent inhibitors of methane formation during methanogenic decomposition in batch cultures. However, in a laboratory-scale continuous-flow methanogenic fixed-film column containing a predominance of acetate-decarboxylating methanogens, BESA at 6 × 10−4 M produced only a 41% inhibition of acetate utilization, and CESA at 5.4 × 10−4 M produced a 37% inhibition of acetate utilization. BESA and CESA concentrations were not monitored in the effluent, so their fate is unknown. The organisms in the column were capable of degrading trace halogenated aliphatic compounds (∼30 μg/liter) with acetate (100 mg/liter) as the primary substrate. Previous exposure of the cells to halogenated organic compounds may have conferred resistance to BESA and CESA. Degradation of the inhibitor compounds is another possible explanation for the observed effects.


The invention relates to a method for producing enol ethers of formula (I), in which R is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic radical, which radicals can carry other substitutes that do not react with acetylenes or allenes; the R radicals are, independently of each other, hydrogen, or aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic radicals, which can interconnect forming a ring; and m stands for 0 or 1. In this method, acetals or ketals of formula (II) are reacted with acetylenes or allenes of formula (III) or (IV), in which the R and R radicals have the aforementioned meanings. The reaction takes place in the gas phase, at high temperature, in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst containing zinc or cadmium together with silicon and oxygen.


AIM: To explore the influence of Ca 2+ on the phosphorylation of CREB and apoptosis of neurons in the neonatal rats brain after hypoxic ischemia (HI) so as to offer some theoretical basis for the therapy of HIBD in clinic. METHODS: Seven days old SD rats ( n =126) were randomly divided into three groups: the sham control group; the HI group; the Ca 2+ antagonist+HI group (intervention group). In the HI group and the intervention groups, the right common carotid artery was temporarily occluded for 2 h by No. 0 thread, then exposed to 80 mL/L oxygen and 920 mL/L nitrogen gas mixture for 2 h. In the intervention group, Nimodinpine was injected into the abdominal cavity before and after HI respectively. At different periods after HI, the expression of P CREB in different groups was detected by immunohistochemical methods. The apoptotic neurons in different groups was detected by Turnel method. RESULTS: In the HI group, the expression of P CREB in the right hippocampus was much higher than that in the sham control group ( P 0.01), and peaked 4 h after HI, and then continued to decrease. The number of apoptotic neurons in the right hippocampus was much higher than that in the sham control group ( P 0.01), and pesked 48 h after HI, and then continued to decrease. In the intervention group, the expression of P CREB has no difference with that in HI group ( P 0.05). But the number of apoptotic neurons was much fewer than that in HI group ( P 0.01) . CONCLUSION: Ca 2+ has no obvious influence on the phosphorylation of CREB; Ca 2+ is involved in the damage of neurons during the period of post HI. Ca 2+ antagonist(Nimodipine) can reduce this damage.


This research is a case study at Bojonegoro Branch Pawning department with the title ?The Evaluation of Intern Controlling System for Giving Credit and Payment in Bojonegoro Branch Pawning Department. The purpose of this research is to find out how far the intern controlling system at Bojonegoro Branch Pawning Department with the clear criterion and description approachment and to find out the giving credit and payment in Bojonegoro Branch Pawning Department. The analysis which is used in this research is Descriptive Analysis. The test in this research is by comparing the description of the data collected with the standard situation determined before. However, the information?s which have been gotten about the intern controlling system in narration, descriptions about transaction flows, files about giving about intern controlling system and giving credit and payment system flows. From the research, there is no separating duties and responsibilities between the appraiser and the clerk, administration staff at the intern controlling system of giving credit and payment. Besides, the appraisers determine themselves in analyzing the goods without the confirmation from the Branch Director so that it causes some fraudulent which inflict a financial loss of the department. From the research, we can conclude that it is not necessary to add the sections but it is necessary to separate the duties and the responsibilities between the appraisers and the clerk, administration staff, and for the appraisers before give the final credit value should confirm with the Branch Director to get some suggestions and ideas. Keyword : pengendalian intern; pelunasan kredit Link Terkait : http://skripsi.umm.ac.id/files/disk1/12/jiptummpp-gdl-s1-2004-irwantono9-551-Pendahul-n.pdf


For some years, electronics teaching in England and Wales has been the preserve of design and technology (D & T) and engineering teachers. Now it is reappearing in the more flexible science curriculum at key stage 4 (14–16 year-olds), particularly as a strand in applied science courses. The contrasting approaches to teaching and learning in science and D & T are nevertheless complementary and a stronger interaction between them through the teaching of electronics has the potential to provide a richer experience for young learners. Rationalisation and renewal Sir Ron Dearing did for the English school curriculum in the 1990s what Dr Richard Beeching did for the railways in the 1960s. He vigorously pruned a National Curriculum that was overgrown, complex and unsupportable. In the first version of the National Curriculum, for example, there was significant electronics content in science as well as in design and technology. In science, pupils had to be taught about a range of components including relays, diodes, capacitors, transistors and logic gates. They also had to be given the opportunity to solve electronic problems through a system approach to setting up decision-making and control circuits based on logic gates, input sensors and output devices – and that was just at key stage 3 (11–14 year-olds). At the same time, in the design and technology curriculum for key stage 3, all pupils were required to meet an even wider range of components from which they had to select what they needed to design and make a control system for a product, such as using a tilt switch to control a rocking toy. They also had to be able to use electromechanical devices to interconnect systems and appreciate the potential of integrated circuits to provide dedicated circuit functions while being able to use logic gates in the design of their products. Sir Ron Dearing's main tactic for rationalisation was to cut out all overlap between subjects. Electronics was scrapped from the science curriculum and assigned to design and technology. As an emergency measure this worked, but it did away with many possibilities for creative collaboration between subjects. The strategy also meant that a significant group of science teachers were cut off from a worthwhile tradition of electronics teaching which they had valued and enjoyed. Electronics thus became part of design & technology (D & T), a new subject that had only recently been introduced into the school curriculum as something radically different in intention from the aims of those subjects that were its forebears, principally home economics, and craft, design and technology. It has taken a long time for the railway industry to return to favour and to start reopening lines and creating new routes. In the curriculum field things have moved faster. The one-size-fits-all science curriculum was demonstrably failing too many young people. Change was essential and, since September 2006, we have had the chance to exploit a more flexible curriculum, especially at key stage 4 (14–16 year-olds). There are new opportunities for


Carboxymethylchitin samples with the average degree of substitution x = 1.1, the average degree of deacetylation z = 0.22, and the molecular mass in the range 40 < M × 10 -3 < 240 were studied by the methods of molecular hydrodynamics including the sedimentation velocity, translational diffusion, and intrinsic viscosity measurements in a buffer solution with an ionic strength of 0.2 M. The molecular mass dependences of the hydrodynamic characteristics were determined, and the equilibrium rigidity parameters of the carboxymethylchitin chain were calculated from these data, assuming the absence of volume effects.


A rich and productive intertidal community was exposed continually for over 5 yr to small quantities of a Navy Special fuel oil from the unmanned troopship General M.C. Meigs that came aground on the Washington coast in January 1972. Observations of animal and plant populations and their petroleum hydrocarbon uptake patterns showed early evidence of contamination and the persistence of the oil spill throughout the study period. Abnormal and dead urchins, and loss of algal fronds and pigment were observed in localized areas near the wreck for at least 1 yr. Within 2 mo of the accident, paraffinic hydrocarbons had been taken up by prominent members of the community and continued to appear in certain species even after 5 yr. Although changes were seen in certain species during the early days of this persistent low-level pollution incident, the community balance in this rocky, intertidal ecosystem does not appear to have been markedly altered. Key words: oil spill, hydrocarbons, General M.C. Meigs, petroleum ...


The relevance. Improving the mechanical properties of steels makes it possible to increase the service life of machine parts, which is an important task in materials science. One of the promising directions in its solution is to obtain in steel a multiphase structure, one of the main components of which is metastable austenite, which undergoes a dynamic deformation martensitic transformation (DDMT) - self-hardening effect under loading (SHL). Methods providing the required structure are isothermal and step quenching. However, at present, when they are carried out for cooling from the austenitizing temperature and holding at the constant temperature used non-environmentally friendly substances: heated oil, molten salts or alkalis. In this regard the actual problem is the exclusion of them from the technological process. The possibility of solving this problem on several steels has shown.
Purpose is to show the possibility of increasing the mechanical properties of the studied steels 30ХГСА, 38ХС, 45Г, 40ХН, 10Г12, 60Х18 by using rational modes of an environmentally friendly method of steels quenching (isothermal - for low-alloyed and step - for high-alloyed) due to obtaining in their structure along with other components of metastable residual austenite and the implementation of the SHL effect.
Research methods. Samples of the investigated steels after austenitization (in some cases with holding in IСIT) were cooled in water to the temperature of lower bainite formation (isothermal quenching) or stabilization of supercooled austenite to martensitic transformation upon cooling (step quenching), after which they were kept in a furnace and cooled in air to room temperature. Durometric, metallographic and X-ray research methods were used. The tensile properties and impact strength were determined. These properties were compared with those obtained for the studied steels after a typical heat treatment, including quenching in oil and tempering.
Results. It is shown that isothermal and step quenching of the investigated steels without the use of non-environmentally friendly substances, carried out according to rational modes, makes it possible to increase the mechanical properties in comparison with their level after the commonly used quenching in oil (fire hazard, the vapors are cancerogenic) and tempering. This is achieved by obtaining a multiphase structure with metastable austenite.
Scientific novelty. It is proposed to obtain a multiphase structure with metastable austenite in them to improve the mechanical properties of the studied steels by conducting isothermal and step quenching in an environmentally friendly way without using heated oil, molten salts or alkalis.
Practical value. For the studied steels the modes of isothermal and step quenching are determined in an environmentally friendly way, which make it possible to increase the mechanical properties in comparison with the level achieved by quenching and tempering. Wherein in contrast to a similar typical quenching method are excluded the costs of purchasing salts or alkalis, their disposal and washing of products from them. Compared to quenching and tempering, the new method does not require the use of oil and tempering. The latter improves ecology and reduces energy consumption during heat treatment.


The supply chain structure of single overseas supplier and single cross-border e-retailer is constructed. Based on the retail mode of cross-border e-retailer's O2O dual channel, the influence of consumers' preference for online and offline channels on price setting of members in cross-border supply chain is considered, and cross-border customs clearance cost factor is introduced. Through centralized decision-making and decentralized decision-making, the centralized decision-making model of differential pricing strategy and unified pricing strategy is analyzed. The pricing decision of cross-border supply chain under decentralized decision-making is studied from two aspects: Stackelberg game dominated by foreign suppliers and Stackelberg game dominated by cross-border electronic retailers.


ABSTRACT Energy engineers need a means to analyze the performance of cycling boilers in order to quantify their performance for justifying boiler replacements. That information is not available from the manufacturer because cycling efficiency is particular to the installation. The author has created a cycling efficiency model that can be used to determine operating costs and make comparisons when loads or boilers are to be changed. The model is a simple spreadsheet format which should be usable by all energy engineers. Two examples of systems the author analyzed are described to help explain its use. The model design relates to heating boilers but could be applied to boilers serving production loads. In the author's experience, most simple heating boilers could be replaced by one-fourth to one-third of their size with an increase in actual efficiency from 50 to 70 percent. Most of the nation's inventory of heating boilers are outsized. With the ability to determine cycling efficiency, it's possible to pro...


This paper studies the relations of individuals in evolutionary populations, and then investigates some features of the relations. The goal is to find efficient methods to construct the non-dominated set. It is proved that the individuals can be sorted by quick sort. To demonstrate the efficiency of our new method, we propose a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) based on quick sort, which is called QKMOGA. We apply QKMOGA on automatic negotiation for agents. A simple negotiation model between two agents is described, and the negotiation protocols are constructed with QKMOGA. Two experimental results show that the performance is satisfactory on the diversity and efficiency of the solutions.


Jean-Baptiste Say belongs to the important names of the French Political Economy of the XIXth century. Because of its role in the process of institutionalization of political economy, his even more famous abroad. The knowledge of Say's works remained however partial until now, for lack of a publication of his printed work, variants of his books and manuscripts. This study aims at presenting the scope of a new edition, the deficiencies of previous editions and the program of publication of the Collected Works of Jean-Baptiste Say. This study gives also, as an example, the main characteristics of the variorum editions of the Traite d'economie politique and of the Cours complet d'economie politique pratique.


The non-normal fracture appeared on 45Mn2 bolt during the tensile test was analyzed by macrofractography,metallographic analysis and so on.The results show that the non-normal fracture of the bolt is caused by generation of the crack in the root of thread before the tensile test;the long crack in the root of thread is formed by quenching,the micro-crack in the root of thread is formed in cold extrusion process and the micro-crack leads to the formation of the long crack by quenching.


Pattern forming apparatus 1 is the second of the exposure processing for the first heating process for heating a substrate (W) after the resist liquid coating process, the resist film is exposed in a predetermined pattern, and promote a chemical reaction in the resist film after exposure heat treatment and an etching treatment to remove the oxide film by developing the exposed resist film and developing with, the resist pattern formed after the development processing as a mask as executing a series of processes, the measurement check the condition of the pattern formed after the etching treatment and the testing device (400), so that on the basis of the inspection result made uniform in the plane, the pattern state of the etched substrate (W) after the substrate, the first heat treatment and the condition setting in at least one of two heat-treated and a control unit which performs (500). A substrate processing apparatus, the pattern forming, the heat treatment


The coaxial double capillary for controlling pendant drops is an interesting experimental technique for investigating adsorption kinetics and transport properties of soluble components in the bulk which can exchange with the interface. The key process of this technique is the exchange of the entire bulk of a droplet without any direct perturbations of the interface due to forced convection. Therefore efficient exchange conditions should be determined in order to provide results during the exchange protocol that can be used for a reliable data interpretation of the adsorption process. In this paper we report on the flow into a drop formed with a double capillary set-up, as visualized by using a dye and simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of the flow field and mass transfer during the drop bulk exchange.


Abstract In this note we show that the crucial orientation condition for commutative geometries fails for the natural commutative spectral triple of an orbifold M/G.


The present invention relates to purification of one Natto kinase enteric microcapsules and a process and an enteric microcapsule preparation process. Natto kinase purification process including the step of: taking Bacillus natto nattokinase crude fermentation broth or solution; centrifuged, the supernatant was added ammonium sulfate, and centrifuged; the precipitate, dissolved in phosphate buffer, then placed in a buffer at room temperature centrifuged, the supernatant, hydrophobic chromatography column, eluting with a gradient of ammonium sulfate was collected, ultrafiltration, to obtain fine nattokinase. Microcapsule pellet cores of the present invention nattokinase microcapsule containing freeze-dried powder made from 38-60% nattokinase fine, cross-linked CMC-Na10-25%, microcrystalline cellulose 15-30%; the method of preparation: the lyophilized powder was dissolved in ethanol, together with a crosslinking microcrystalline cellulose and CMC-Na were mixed to prepare a soft material, a pellet core; coating liquid sprayed into the coating, encapsulating.


The effect of precursor molecular structural features on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) growth was investigated for a number of precursor functional groups. SOA yields were determined for straight chain alkanes, some oxygenated, up to highly functionalized hydrocarbons, the largest being β-caryophyllene. Organic SOA yield was determined by comparing to standard particle size changes with SO2 in a photolytic flow reactor. SOA formation was initiated with OH radicals from HONO photolysis and continued with NO and NO2 present at single-digit nmol/mol levels. Seed particles of ∼10 nm diameter grew by condensation of SOA material and growth was monitored with a nanoparticle sizing system. Cyclic compounds dominate as the highest SOA yielding structural feature, followed by C-10 species with double bonds, with linear alkanes and isoprene most ineffective. Carbonyls led to significant increases in growth compared to the alkanes while alcohols, triple-bond compounds, aromatics, and epoxides were only slightly more effective than alkanes at producing SOA. When more than one double bond is present, or a double bond is present with another functional group as seen with 1, 2-epoxydec-9-ene, SOA yield is notably increased. Placement of the double bond is important as well with β-pinene having an SOA yield approximately 5 times that of α-pinene. In our photolytic flow reactor, first-generation oxidation products are presumed to be the primary species contributing to SOA thus the molecular structure of the precursor is determinant. We also conducted proton-transfer mass spectrometry measurements of α-pinene photooxidation and significant signals were observed at masses for multifunctional nitrates and possibly peroxy radicals. The mass spectrometer measurements were also used to estimate a HONO photolysis rate.


ABSTRACT The preparation of teachers for diversity within and between schools is a growing focus in teacher education worldwide, and particularly in South Africa, where the education landscape has shifted dramatically since the democratic elections of 1994. While diversity is a recurring theme in the literature, the matter of contextual diversity still offers serious challenges to teacher education. This paper focuses on the urgent need to prepare teachers for all school contexts in South Africa, particularly those where neglect carrying over from Apartheid inequalities make failure and a sense of inferiority the norm. It uses critical theory and the capabilities approach to analyse extracts from discussions with early years' student teachers which express needs with regard to preparation for specific situations faced during field experience with young children. The analysis shows that these students are not adequately prepared to teach in the previously disadvantaged schools which cater for the majority of South Africa's learners, and that there is a disjuncture between preparation received in the lecture room and realities encountered in the field. It argues for a shift in emphasis from teacher education models which construct middle class classrooms as ideal to those which build quality education for disadvantaged learners, rural contexts, and African language speakers.


The environmental sanitation situation in Kampala's peri-urban areas was reviewed and investigated through field studies, structured interviews with personnel from key institutions and administration of questionnaires to households in a selected peri-urban settlement (Bwaise III Parish). In this settlement, specific field and laboratory measurements were undertaken so as to create a better understanding of the environmental sanitation situation, anthropogenic pollution loads and their transport and impact (with a focus on Phosphorus) in Kampala's Peri-urban areas in pursuit of interventions for improving the environmental sanitation and protecting the shallow groundwater resource there. The review revealed that the urban poor in Kampala, like elsewhere in developing countries, are faced with inadequate basic services caused by a combination of institutional, legal and socio-economic issues and that the communities' coping strategies are in most cases detrimental to their health and well-being. Field surveys showed that excreta disposal systems, solid waste and greywater are major contributors to the widespread shallow groundwater contamination in the area. Field measurements revealed that the water table responds rapidly to short rains (48 h) due to the pervious (10-5-10-3 m/s) and shallow ( 7x10-3 mm/s drive shallow groundwater contamination with higher intense rains of relatively longer duration (³ 70 mm within 48 h) reducing phosphorus transport. Sensitivity analysis of the model input with respect to how long it takes to pollute the subsurfacehad the phosphorus sorption coefficients as being more influential than the pore size and air entry values. There are however, key contrasts between the model simulations and field observations which are useful in guiding new efforts in data collection. The study reveals that intervention measures to improve the environmental sanitation and protect the shallow groundwater in the peri-urban settlements are of a multidisciplinary nature necessitating action research with community participation.


Taking Liuzhou Vocational and Technical College as an example, through the analysis of the psychological characteristics of vocational students and the problems existing in current psychological health education in vocational college students, to explore the psychological characteristics of vocational students " system six" of the vocational college students mental health education.


Phase space dynamics.- Equations for multiparticle dynamics.- Electromagnetic fields and instabilities in accelerators.- Physics of beam instabilities.- Iteration and accelerator dynamics.- Electron storage rings for the production of synchrotron radiation.- to the physics of the free electron laser.- Space charge dominated beams.- Intense electron beams.- Correlations and beam noise.- Advanced cooling techniques: Stochastic cooling of bunches in high-energy colliders.- Intra-beam scattering.- Crystallization of particle beams.- to the next generation of linear colliders.- Low emittance storage ring design.- Emittance preservation in linear colliders.- High energy electron linear accelerators, fields and structures.- A conceptual design of final Focus Systems for linear colliders.- An introduction to beamstrahlung and disruption.- RF frequency scaling and gyroklystron sources for linear supercolliders.- An introduction to acceleration mechanisms.- Particle beams and Twentieth Century science and technology.- Introductory talk Particle accelerators have a history, do they have a future?.- Accelerators and the scientific frontier.- Frontiers in particle accelerator research and development.- Superconducting radio-frequency technology: Expanding the horizons of physics and accelerators.


In this paper we discuss how China's accession to World Trade Organization (WTO) might impact foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow to the Southeast Asian countries. The thrust of our analysis is that China's investment climate will indeed be strengthened by WTO accession, relative to the Southeast Asian countries. Consequently, we argue that China will probably have a magnetic effect on FDI in the region, rather than a neutral or benign effect, although this will vary by source country and industry. The effect will be initially felt mostly in service-related FDI, and later, in manufacturing FDI. In order to counter the growing economic weight of China in East and Southeast Asia, we argue that the Southeast Asian countries should push for greater regional integration and at the same time bolster economic and political


Monolithic NiO aerogels were prepared by a facile citric acid assisted sol–gel method for supercapacitor electrodes. The highly porous aerogel microstructure is composed of a rigid nanoparticle backbone, which offers a large number of surface active sites for pseudocapacitive reactions and a high pore volume to facilitate ion transfer. As a result, the electrode made from the NiO aerogel annealed at 250 °C shows a high reversible specific capacitance of 901 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, a high rate capability (436 F g−1 at the charge/discharge current density of 20 A g−1) and good capacitance retention (93% of the initial specific capacitance after 3000 cycles at 10 A g−1). The result obtained in this work demonstrated that the nickel oxide aerogel holds great promise for supercapacitor applications.


Spatial intelligence is essential for geography education students for identifying geosphere phenomena. This research to measure spatial intelligence and the effectiveness of the application of outdoor learning in geography education students. This research is a pre-experimental study with a pretest-posttest one group design. The form of field learning activities in the form of camps and a series of practical activities. Before the student activity will present a pre-test which has the same weight as the final test given the end of the activity. Data collection techniques use tests, as well as observations for conformity between design and action. Spatial intelligence test instruments will test for validity, reliability and different. The test format is designed using geographic spatial intelligence references. Data analysis through homogeneity, normality and hypothesis testing using the t-test. Hypothesis testing results show that H 0 is rejected and H 1 is accepted, which is indicated by the results of t count = 1.7108> t table 0.492 with a significance level of 5%. Research conclusion there is student's spatial intelligence increase through outdoor learning activities.


Algae biodiesel is an opportunity space that has gained renewed interest for venture investment. As with any new opportunity space, determining where the greatest value capturing potential resides has important implications for directing investment and research. This paper presents a value chain analysis of algae biodiesel and maps current industry players against similar segments in the biofuels and petroleum value chains. Using margin analysis and life-cycle analysis of one of the market pains (energy use in algae harvesting and biomass processing to biodiesel), a technology opportunity was identified. The identification of potentially high value companies using semi-quantitative analysis provides a useful tool for investors and entrepreneurs in the algae biodiesel space.


K ATSUSHIKA HOKUSAI'S (1760-1849) UNDER the Wave off Kanagawa is an iconic image of humanity facing the overpowering forces of nature. The breaking peak on the crest of a steep wave is the dominant image of turmoil in a restless sea while Mount Fuji, calm and steadfast, stands firmly in the background. Thus Hokusai contrasts the sanctity of the mountain with the seeming treachery of the sea. It is best viewed from right to left, making the threat from the great wave more apparent; this is how it would have been seen by Hokusai's contemporary Japanese audience. On 3 barges that are apparently conveying fish from the southern islands to Edo (now Tokyo), crew members cling to their boats and avert their gaze from the approaching calamity as they risk foundering among the great waves. Hokusai too faced calamity in his life and was a survivor who lived for 89 years. In that long life he was restlessly creative; near death (epigraph) he prayed to live a few more years to perfect his art. The adopted son of a mirror smith (with the status of a samurai) in the Tokugawa shogunate (Edo period), he outlived both his wives and most of his children. His daughter, O-Ei, became an artist in her own right; she collaborated with him and took care of him until his death. He persisted with an indomitable desire to perfect his work despite his family losses, the great rice famine of 1836, and palsy, from which he nursed himself back to health. Remarkably proliferate, he is said to have completed 30 000 illustrations, drawings, and woodblock prints. Hokusai was constantly on the move; he is said to have changed residences 90 times during his lifetime. He frequently experimented with new styles and approaches to his art and changed his name each time to reflect a newfound identity. Each name change reflected a change both in his life and his art. Hokusai, among all his names, is the one for which he is best known in the West; it is the name he used when he painted his enduring 36 Views of Mount Fuji (1830-1832), which he began in his late 60s. He had chosen the name Hokusai when he became independent of his teachers. It reflected his decision to make the forces of the natural world his inspiration and his teacher. The word hokusai in Japanese means North-Star studio. The North Star, being the star around which all others were thought to revolve, and the polar constellation were linked to the protective bodhisattva Myōken. Myōken, who was revered by Hokusai, was a central figure in the Nichiren school of Buddhism, which taught that all people, both men and women, have an innate Buddha nature. Hokusai practiced his devotion peering into the night sky or gazing on the reflection of the polar constellation in water. Through his long career , Hokusai's work e x e m p l i f i e d many styles, ranging from the Kanō (secular ink painting) and Sumiyoshi schools to shunga (erotic image s , eg , Dream of the F i s h e r m a n ' s W i f e ) , and mixed numerous styles of 18thand 19thcentury Japanese illustration in between. As he approached age 70 years, well known as a painter, print designer, and book illustrator, he felt dissatisfied, deciding that he had not reached his potential. He did not like the journalistic quality of his earlier work. Moreover, styles had changed; in ukiyo-e, the actor print, not feminine beauty, was more popular because of the spread of kabuki. Hokusai needed a new direction, a second life in art. That second life drew on public interest in the landscape print, a new direction for him and for other ukiyo-e painters, which peaked in the 1830s. In landscapes, Hokusai could show pleasure and solace in nature rather than continuing to illustrate the fleeting pleasures of the floating world. For this new direction, he was fortunate in the wide availability, after 1829, of a new permanent pigment, Prussian (Berlin) blue, which was replacing earlier sources of blue that surely faded. Using this pigment, Hokusai's 36 Views of Mount Fuji, with their nuances of blue coloring, could survive over time. This well-known series was initiated during a particularly stressful period of his life. His wife had died in 1828, and he was for some time at the mercy of an unruly, delinquent grandson who came under his care when his mother died and whose gambling debts were a financial strain. Hokusai could only work in earnest when the grandson was placed under his father's care. Figure 1. South Wind, Clear Dawn (1831).


Abstract Molecular dynamics (MD) studies of collision cascades have firmly established that, in addition to clusters of vacancies, clusters of self-interstitial atoms (SIAs) are formed within the cascade volume during the thermal spike phase of a cascade. These clusters are formed in a segregated fashion such that the vacancy-rich core is surrounded by SIA clusters. At temperatures above stage V the vacancies evaporate from the vacancy cluster and diffuse into the medium whereas the SIA clusters remain thermally stable at temperatures even above the peak swelling temperature. This asymmetry in the production of free and mobile vacancies and SIAs gives rise to a production bias. Some of the vacancies evaporating from the vacancy-rich core annihilate at the SIA clusters surrounding it and others escape into the medium. It is this escaping fraction of vacancies which determines the strength of the production bias. Diffusion calculations have been performed to estimate the magnitude of this escaping fraction ...


This research was aimed at conducting a management audit and its impact on the administrative area of Interprovincial Cooperative Transport "Mirror" Quevedo Canton, 2014, it aims to determine the degree of effectiveness, efficiency, and effectiveness administrative area in order to identify the main weaknesses and deficiencies that owns the entity. types, methods, procedures and research techniques considered most suitable for the execution of the audit, according to the assessment of compliance with the legal basis was used deficiencies were identified, since only complies with all the functions and responsibilities provided in-laws, turn to the study of internal control through the application of the five components contained in the COSO I, a risk equivalent medium control, a level of risk corresponding means 44 was set to 37% %, the risk of detection of 20%, these percentages given audit risk as 3.26%; also by applying the indicators of effectiveness, efficiency and effectiveness, it was determined that have an average negative gap of 50% according to the perspective of learning and growth and an average negative gap of 27% as regards the financial perspective this because the charge of the administrative area lacks knowledge on the management and administrative processes. To conclude the final report which is disclosed to members the main weaknesses of the organization, considering feasible aimed at strengthening the processes of planning, organization, management and control solutions that help the proper administration of the presented resources of the cooperative.


ABSTRACT Working as an administrator in higher education often requires a graduate degree in order to qualify for entry-level positions. Yet, graduate programmes in higher education are often criticised for not adequately training students for their first administrative responsibilities. In this qualitative study, researchers asked a wide range of higher education administrators to identify specific skills and tasks they observed as challenging to new professionals that needed to be addressed as part of their training. Findings suggest that new professionals may need guidance on navigating and understanding institutional culture; performing required tasks and processes; adjusting their own behaviour, expectations and performance based on feedback and experiences; managing and supervising personnel; and making sound decisions without direct guidance. Implications for preparation programmes and administrative practice are shared.


The invention provides a receiver and a calibration method of direct-current information. The receiver comprises a feed-forward module, a feedback module, an estimation module and a calibration module, wherein the feedback module is used for obtaining the direct-current error value of the receiver and judging whether the direct-current error value is greater than a direct-current estimation threshold or not; if the direct-current error value is greater than the direct-current estimation threshold, it is determined that the estimation module is in a capturing state, and a first control signal is sent to the estimation module; if the direct-current error value is smaller than the direct-current estimation threshold, it is determined that the estimation module is in a tracking state, and a second control signal is sent to the estimation module; the estimation module is used for obtaining a first gain factor and a second gain factor according to the received first control signal, and according to the first gain factor and the second gain factor, a feed-forward direct-current estimated value and a feedback direct-current estimated value are combined to obtain the direct-current information; alternatively, a third gain factor and a fourth gain factor are obtained according to the second control signal, and the feed-forward direct-current estimated value and the feedback direct-current estimated value are combined to obtain the direct-current information according to the third gain factor and the fourth gain factor. According to the receiver and the calibration method, parameter estimation does not need to be carried out on a lot of data, and rapid direct-current capturing and tracking properties can be obtained.


In this letter, we present a novel descriptor based on Urquhart tessellations derived from the position of trees in a forest. We propose a framework that uses these descriptors to detect previously seen observations and landmark correspondences, even with partial overlap and noise. We run loop closure detection experiments in simulation and real-world data map-merging from different flights of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in a pine tree forest and show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in accuracy and robustness.


In this work, melt-spun polypropylene (PP) fibers were treated in an electric field of a corona discharge. The fibers were then characterized using the thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectroscopy. It has been shown that the electret state of corona-treated PP fibers is a result of the combination of Maxwell–Wagner polarization and charge trapping. Activation energies and relaxation times for these processes have been determined, and characteristics of trapping sites have been calculated. The electret state induced in PP fibers by the corona discharge treatment holds for a long time (several months). Our analysis of the effect of processing temperature and electric field intensity on the characteristics of the electret state in melt-spun PP fibers allows one to specify optimum technological regimes for industrial production of PP-based electret filter materials. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 19: 312–316, 2000


A lot of access points (APs) in wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are battery powered. In order to minimize their energy consumption, the APs can adaptively adjust their transmission power and time based on various network conditions. In this paper, the problem of minimizing the AP energy consumption is formulated as an optimization problem with the constraint to satisfy the throughput requirements of associated mobile stations (MSs). Balancing the energy consumption of the APs can be important to prolong the network lifetime, particularly in a network with high and random user mobility, which can easily result in unbalanced traffic load and energy consumption among the APs. Two distributed handoff schemes are proposed for a WMN with adaptive transmission power and rate. One scheme attempts to achieve balanced energy consumption among the APs during each scheduling interval, and the other scheme balances the AP energy consumption over a longer term. Numerical results show that both schemes achieve much longer network lifetime than the traditional distance-based handoff scheme, while the long-term based handoff scheme can achieve the objective with approximately the same number of handoffs as the distance-based handoff.


In this paper, to investigate the synthetic effect of PrEP (pre‐exposure prophylaxis) and ART (antiretrovial therapy) on HIV transmission among MSM (men who have sex with men) in heterogenous environment, a realistic HIV epidemic model with spatial diffusion is established. Here, HIV infectious people are divided into three immunity based compartments, that is, CD4+ T cell count less than 350, between 350 and 500, and more than 500, respectively. The basic reproduction number R0 is established and proved as a threshold parameter: The global asymptotic stability of the disease‐free steady state holds for R0<1 , and the disease will be present if R0>1 . Considering the substantial advantages of PrEP and ART in controlling HIV transmissions among MSM, the optimal control problem is presented for the case of positive constant diffusion coefficients, which minimize the total population of susceptible individual and HIV infected individual, the cost of PrEP and ART therapy. As an illustration of our theoretical results, we conduct numerical simulations. We also conduct an optimal control case study where model parameters are estimated from the demographic and epidemiological data from China. This work suggests the following: (1) Spatial factors cannot be ignored during the HIV intervention; (2)taking the PrEP intervention measure for HIV transmissions among MSM as early as possible will help to improve the control efficiency and reduces its cost; (3) reducing the PrEP drug costs will promote the efficiency of PrEP treatment in preventing the spread of HIV among MSM.


P on the eve of the next century, we are witnessing a profound transformation in the very nature of our business organizations. Historic forces have converged to fundamentally reshape the scope, strategies, and structures of large, multi-business enterprises. Driven by new competitive demands and fueled by an abundance of capital, companies have massively rearranged their portfolios, adding and discarding businesses to sharpen their strategic focus. Those discreet and dramatic portfolio plays, characterized by the high-profile mergers and acquisitions of the past three years, have provided a constant flow of front page news. But beyond the headlines lies a more subtle story, one with greater longterm significance than the acquisitive appetites of auto makers and telecom giants. Heading into the new century, the most important business development is the pursuit of competitive advantage in an uncertain world through new approaches to organization design.


Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of balance training for improving the stability of ankle joint to the ankle joint...


The present paper discusses the problem of estimating the finite population mean of study variable in simple random sampling in the presence of non response and response error together. The estimators in this article use auxiliary information to improve efficiency and we suppose that non response and measurement error are present in both the study and auxiliary variables. A class of estimators has been proposed and its properties are studied in the simultaneous presence of non-response and response errors. It has been shown that proposed class of estimators is more efficient than the usual unbiased estimator, ratio and product estimators under non-response and response error together. In addition, a numerical study is carried out to compare the performance of the proposed class of estimators over others.


Shigellosis continues to be an important public health problem since communication in the world has become more frequent. In addition, this disease is difficult to be prevented because only a small number of bacteria are required to cause infection, and it has exhibited steady trends towards multiple drug resistance. This report describes a 23-year-old female with Shigella flexneri sepsis presenting initially with a high fever, vomiting, watery diarrhoea and dry cough. She was successfully treated with meropenem. This case illustrates that Shigella should be included in the differential diagnosis of sepsis associated with diarrhoea.The choice of antimicrobial therapy and the optimal duration for treatment should be carefully evaluated because of the emergence of multidrug -resistant Shigella flexneri. K e y w o r d s Shigella flexneri, sepsis, diarrhoea , multiple drug resistance


The groove width of the communication sub-groove (52) in the middle change the groove width W1 communication sub-groove (52) in the tire width direction outside circumferential communicated to the main groove (3) and the inside of the tire width direction of the circumferential direction main groove (3) in communication relationship width W2 satisfies the range 0.30≤W1 / W2≤0.70, and the relationship between the long groove on the tread surface of the wide groove width W1 of the groove length on the tread surface of the wide groove width W2, L1 and L2 satisfies 0.25 range ≤L2 / L1≤0.65 in block land portion on the tread surface (41), adjacent in the tire circumferential direction of each sub groove is provided between the communication (52) of the sipe (61), the sipe communication pattern portion (61) communicating with each end portion of the sub-groove (52) from the groove width W1 of the groove width W2 changes the communication position and the sub grooves (52) of the section of the groove width W1.


Antiferromagnetic resonance experiments in the range 10< nu <60 GHz have been performed on a series of quasi-one-dimensional Mn2+ compounds with varying anisotropy. Pronounced deviations from classical AFMR theory are observed, in accordance with the experiments at higher frequencies reported by Tuchendler et al. (1981). These deviations show a substantial temperature dependence and seem to be related to the amount of anisotropy between the preferred and next-preferred direction of spin alignment. The experimental evidence will be compared with the results of a renormalised spin wave calculation.


The paper discusses three interconnected issues: Is the profit sharing between the Islamic banks and the depositors fair, can the profit sharing ratio between the banks and the borrowers on the one hand and between the banks and depositors on the other be identical in a two-tier mudaraba arrangement, and can the Central Bank of a country use the sharing of profit ratio as a tool for credit control in the economy?


Sweden is a country that offers a home for thousands of immigrants each year. The year of 2009 Sweden broke its record; the country had never before accepted as many immigrants as it did that year. One can imagine that a country with a high number of immigrants is also highly integrated and provides work for the majority of these newly arrived members of the population - but in Sweden this is not the case. The purpose of this study is therefore to investigate which obstacles female immigrants face when trying to enter the Swedish labour market, and what these obstacles consist of. To do this we conducted five qualitative interviews with female immigrants that live in Sweden. During these interviews we found out that all of the women had faced several difficulties when trying to get a job, and they all shared similar experiences. The main issues concerned prejudices, lack of useful contacts and difficulties with the Swedish language. It is a fact that employment is an important part of the integration process, and therefore being unemployed results in a lack of integration. Since employment also contributes to interaction with other people, and interaction itself is a crucial part of the integration process, again; unemployment leads to lack of integration. This means that in order for immigrants to be fully integrated with society, they need to be permitted into the labour market.


Multilevel converter technology has been mainly used for voltage-source inverters (VSI抯) by now. But with the development of the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) technology, superconducting inductors can be used as higher efficiency energy storage elements, the application of multilevel current source inverters (CSI抯) in power systems will be more and more popular. A new kind of three-phase direct type multilevel CSI topology is presented in this paper. The new multilevel CSI抯 synthesize the staircase current wave from several levels of balance inductor currents. A three-phase 6-level inverter and a three-phase 12-level inverter using the new topology are discussed in detail. The waveforms of output current and current-sharing inductors current of the two inver-ters under capacitive load and inductive load are provided. The proposition in this paper is verified by the simulation results.


Abstract:Few studies have been conducted on the use of the ACPA/NASPA Competencies (2015) in graduate preparation programs. To understand the use of these competencies in graduate preparation programs in student affairs, two case studies of two graduate preparation programs at public institutions in the South were conducted. Interviews with graduate program coordinators and focus groups with graduate students and graduate assistantship supervisors identified areas of improvement, including increasing connection with practitioners.


This paper gives an overview of research results from FOl on integrated beamforming components and front-end for ultra wideband phased array. The feasibility of a flexible, wideband antenna array with frequency independent features has been demonstrated. Two objectives are to enable adaptation of beamwidths to different requirements, and to enable a frequency independent beamwidth over a wide frequency range. MMIC true-time delays and reconfigurable active power distribution working in the 2-18 GHz range are also presented.


We have reviewed estimates of large-scale trends in the distributions and status of Euro-Mediterranean coastal habitats. Conspicuous declines of coastal wetlands, seagrasses, biogenic reefs, and complex macroalgae have been observed in several countries. In some regions, most valuable habitats were already severely degraded or driven to virtual extinction well before 1900. Nowadays less than 15% of the coastline is considered in "good" condition. Those fragments of native habitats that remain are under threat, and their management is not informed by adequate knowledge of their distribution and status


Obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. In 2006, the World Health Organization estimated that by 2015, about 2.3 billion adults will be overweight and more than 700 million will be obese. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and correlates of obesity among a sample of Hispanics living in a new settlement area in the United States (US), determine correlates of body mass index (BMI) and examine associations between participants' region of origin on obesity prevalence. This study is an exploratory cross-sectional analysis. Data for the analysis were collected from 303 Hispanic adults living in thesoutheastern US over a nine-month period. Results showed that obesity prevalence increase with length of residency in the US, obesity prevalence was higher among women than men. Significant differences in BMI were observed by region of origin among women. Region of origin was a strong predictor of BMI among women; age was the only significant predictor among men. Findings suggest the need for weight-reduction interventions to be targeted to specific subgroups of Hispanics; factors that should be considered are country of origin, level of acculturationandsocioeconomic and cultural characteristics.


Abstract Spectral hole-burning allows a large number of holograms to be stored within inhomogeneously broadened absorption bands of dye doped polymer films. Employing an electric field as an additional dimension to address the images, the storage of 25 holograms within the spectral range of one wavenumber has recently been achieved. It is shown that the relative phase between the holograms must be controlled in order to optimize the storage density.


This study addresses the optimal guidance for nonlinear missile model which enables missile to attack the target at the designated time and angle while integral square control efforts are minimized. This guidance is an optimal control problem and can be reduced to a two point boundary value problem (TPBVP). The optimal input is given by a function of state variables and parameters determined by solving the TPBVP. This TPBVP can be easily solved by using one of shooting methods. In the case where there is no impact angle constraint, optimal input can be obtained as in the case where both impact time and angle are designated. The validity of the proposed feedback guidance is verified by simulations.


The single wheel vehicle model was adopted as a research object in the paper. Mathematical models for an entire car, a bilinear tire model, a hydraulic brake model and a slip ratio calculation model were established in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The PID controller was designed. The established ABS mathematical model was simulated and researched and the simulation curves were obtained. The simulation results were compared with the results without ABS. The results show that established models were reliable and could achieve desirable brake control effects.