DLL is an useful programming method. using the program unit, which is designed to control, telemeter in automatic distance- measuring system as an example, this paper mainly introduces the method and technique of establishing data interface (namely property and method) and accordingly realizing these DLLs. Besides, the paper simply explains the process of establishing testing project and testing these DLLS. The testing result shows that the method is effective.


Measurement of the t tbar Z and t tbar W production cross sections in ATLAS at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV and The Electronic Noise in the Tile Calorimeter


1 School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy, Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, 4 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore, 5 Environmental Chemistry & Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Singapore, Singapore, Center for Nanotechnology and


Morbidity and mortality in febrile neutropenic patients result mainly from complications attributable to infectious diseases. Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections have been implicated. The use of antibiotics in combating bacterial infections has been hampered by production by many bacterial pathogens of beta-lactamases that render them resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. Since susceptibility to the beta-lactam appears crucial in attaining a clinical response in Gram-negative bacteraemia in febrile neutropenic patients, regimens that inhibit the activity of beta-lactamases are desirable. Although many beta-lactamase inhibitors, such as tazobactam, can result in irreversible inhibition of bacterial beta-lactamase in vitro, careful selection of dosage, as well as testing in models of infection mimicking that in patients, is required. Experimental studies in in-vitro models of infection that mimic conditions of absent host response, show that tazobactam restores the activity of piperacillin against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. Optimal dosage regimens of beta-lactamase inhibitors will provide mean concentrations of beta-lactamase inhibitor at or above those used in in-vitro testing.


Since the pioneering work of Tiebout (1956), economists have recognized that the quality of public services, especially schools, influence house prices. Many empirical studies have attempted to discern the extent to which the quality of public education affects house prices. Initially, researchers estimated hedonic pricing equations (Rosen, 1974). In a simple hedonic pricing model, a house's value depends on its comparable neighborhood and school district characteristics. A house's comparable characteristics include aspects such as the number of bedrooms, square feet, etc. Neighborhood characteristics typically include the distance to the nearest major downtown area, racial composition, and median household income. Education quality may be proxied by variables such as per-pupil spending, pupil/teacher ratio, and property taxes, which are usually available at the school district level, or it may be measured directly by state or local standardized tests scores, which are usually available at the school level. In an influential study, Black (1999) argues that past research estimating hedonic pricing functions (see Rosen, 1974) may introduce an upward bias due to neighborhood quality effects that are unaccounted for in the data. Specifically, she notes that better schools may be associated with better neighborhoods, which could independently contribute to higher house prices. Black circumvents this problem by estimating a linear hedonic pricing function using data only from houses which border the school attendance zone boundaries. She rationalizes that, while test scores make a discrete jump at attendance boundaries, changes in neighborhoods are more smooth. Black's linear specification presupposes that the marginal valuation of worse-than-average schools is equal to the valuation of better-than-average schools and results in a constant premium on school quality. Moreover, if school quality is normalized (i.e., expressed in terms of deviations from the mean), the linear capitalization term implies a penalty (increasing as quality decreases) for houses in attendance zones of schools performing below average. Thus, a linear model implies there exists a substantive pecuniary penalty for a really bad school compared to just a bad school. In this paper, we formulate a simple housing search model that yields a theoretical nonlinear pricing function. The nonlinearity in our model reflects two aspects of the market for public education via housing. First, alternative schooling arrangements (e.g., private school, home schooling, magnet schools, etc) can provide home buyers with high quality education even if they choose to live in below average school districts. The existence of these options underlies our belief that an increasing penalty for below average quality school attendance zones may be theoretically unappealing. Second, if buyers have positive valuations for education, they may concentrate their efforts among the highest quality attendance zones, yielding an increasing market tightness as school quality increases. Thus, buyers may face incresed competition for the highest quality schools and a rapidly increasing premium for houses in those attendance zones. Motivated by our theoretical specification, we extend Black's analysis and examine the relationship between school quality and house prices in the St. Louis, Missouri metropolitan area. A previous study by Ridker and Henning (1967) found no evidence of education capitalization in St. Louis house prices. While their main concern was to determine the negative effect of air pollution on housing prices, they included a dummy variable which indicated residents' attitudes about the quality of the schools (above average, average, and below average). Our goal is to determine the degree of education capitalization in the St. Louis MSA. We first measure education capitalization employing Black's methodology of considering only houses near attendance zone boundaries to control for neighborhood quality. This allows us to determine the extent to which Black's results extend to the St. Louis metro area. Then, we advance Black's methodology by considering the possibility that education capitalization affects house prices nonlinearly, as indicated by our theoretical framework. Black, Sandra E. "Do Better Schools Matter? Parental Valuation of Elementary Education," Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1999, 114(2), pp. 577-599. Ridker, Ronald G. and Henning, John A. "The Determinants of Residential Property Values with Special Reference to Air Pollution," Review of Economics and Statistics, May 1967, 49(2), pp. 246-257. Rosen, Sherwin. "Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets: Product Differentiation in Pure Competition," Journal of Political Economy, January-February 1974, 82(1), pp. 34-55. Tiebout, Charles M. "A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures," Journal of Political Economy, October 1956, 64(5), pp. 416-424.


Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) could be a helpful addition to pharmacotherapy in treating depression ; however, more evidence of its ef cacy and safety is needed. This single-arm, open clinical study tested the ef cacy and safety of TMS in 46 patients diagnosed with major depression or bipolar disorder. TMS was performed 30 times in total, with treatment frequencies of 3-5 times weekly. Patients were examined at the 10 and 20 treatments, after completion of TMS treatment, and at 2 and 4 weeks after completion of treatment. Primary ef cacy endpoints were changes in Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores from baseline. Mean scores and changes in HAMD-17 and PHQ-9 were signi cantly decreased from baseline. The response rate at completion of treatment was 68.57%. Systolic blood pressure was signi cantly decreased at 4 weeks after completion of treatment. Adverse events were observed in 10 patients (21.74%), including headache, discomfort, and fatigue. The present study found that patients with major depression or bipolar disorder who received TMS showed signi cant improvement in HAMD-17, PHQ-9, and Clinical Global Impression Scale scores.


The purpose of this paper is to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) that a host city can experience to utilize these for future strategy planning and event leveraging. Findings suggest that the strengths lie in having certain infrastructures in place, volunteers, a strong economy and good political standing. Weaknesses stem from a lack of infrastructure, the size of the country, uncertain political and economic stability. Opportunities included the growth of the tourism industry, business developments, and increase in the quality of life, the use of lega cies post‐event, and the improvement and development of infrastructures holding a mega-event such as the 2022 FIFA World Cup is a defining moment for Qatar, a country that is in transition, small in size and population, and rich in natural gas reserves. It is a unique opportunity to host a universal event and leave a sustainable positive legacy for the country. This study addresses the intersection between mega sports events and sustainability, to systematically compare and learn from past mega-events and apply that to the case of the Qatar 2022 World Cup. Herein, the challenges, opportunities, and progress are evaluated accordingly, showing that local organizers are applying green technologies and strongly upholding the idea of legacies based on the Qatar National Vision 2030, which envisions sustainable development of the country.


Two experiments were performed to test whether the minor tranquillizer chlordiaz-epoxide or septal lesions could interfere with Pavlovian counterconditioning. Rats were first trained to bar-press for food on a random interval schedule on which was superimposed the presentation of a light which predicted delivery of a shock. This training continued until all animals were showing stable suppression of responding to the light. Separate groups were then presented, while the manipulandum was retracted from the box, with either a shock paired with the delivery of food or shock and food delivery in a random relationship with one another. This type of intrusion period alternated with the presentation of the light and shock. Pavlovian counterconditioning developed, as shown by progressively less response suppression in the paired groups compared to the random groups. This Pavlovian counterconditioning was in no way reduced by either chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg) or by medial or lateral septal lesions. It is argued that these results rule out Pavlovian counterconditioning as a process which is affected by minor tranquillizers or by septal lesions when they interfere with the behavioural tolerance observed after partial punishment or partial reward schedules.


The binding of carbon monoxide to carbon centers has been examined with two series of aromatic and aliphatic oxocarbonium ions that are successfully isolated as crystalline and highly reactive (hygroscopic) aroylium and acylium salts with poorly coordinating counteranions. X-Ray crystallographic analyses at −150 °C afford precise structural parameters for the characteristic linear carbonyl bond (rCO) and the bond to the carbon centers (rCα). The correlations of these structural parameters evaluated for alkyl (Me, Et and i-Pr) and aryl (p-Me, 2,4,6-trimethyl, p-MeO and p-fluorophenyl) oxocarbonium ions with the corresponding carbonyl stretching frequencies in the solid-state (reflectance) IR spectra yield valuable insight into the binding mode of carbon monoxide. Most noteworthy is the synergic (π–σ) bonding in aroylium structures in contrast to the mainly σ bonding in acylium structures that are organic mimics for carbon monoxide bonding in classical and nonclassical metal carbonyls, respectively.


PurposeResearch has shown that the much-anticipated technology revolution in higher education has failed to come to fruition. The arrival of 'digital natives' millennial students to higher education was presume to present even greater challenge concerning technology use. In light of these gaps, this research aims to capture higher education students' choice, use and preferences of technology in learning and teaching.Design/methodology/approachA paper-based questionnaire was distributed to third and fourth year students of industrial engineering and management at an engineering college in Israel. The students were asked to indicate their use of devices and technologies for learning, their frequency of use and their purpose of using.FindingsStudents extensively use a variety of technologies for learning. They prefer to use the same technologies for learning that they use in their personal lives – mainstream, commercially available technologies – rather than those offered by the institute. They perceive technology as a learning tool more than as a logistic/administrative tool, they would like technology to be more easily accessible and that it not be used as a facilitator of pedagogical change.Practical implicationsThe results indicate that technologies intended for use in teaching should be designed similar to commercially available alternatives that are simpler to use and more appealing.Originality/valueThis study provides an up-to-date view of students' perceptions of technology for learning that can be used to more effectively implement teaching technologies in higher education.


The paper considers structural and physicomechanical properties of silicon-carbon coatings deposited from a gaseous medium in doping with nitrogen ions. The analysis of the coatings by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that nitriding of silicon-carbon coatings promotes the formation of silicon nitride and compounds such as CNx and SixOyNz. A 1.5–2-fold increase in the content of sp2 -hybridized carbon and silicon carbide atoms is found to prevent silicon oxidation. Thermal annealing of the resulting silicon-carbon coatings increases the content of the graphite phase and silicon oxide.It is shown that doping of the working gas with nitrogen (Ar57 % + N43 %) leads to the formation of a more finely dispersed structure as compared to that when using argon only. During thermal annealing in air, the decreased carbon concentration and increased oxygen concentration can be observed due to silicon and carbon oxidation followed by desorption of carbon and oxygen compounds. In addition, annealing leads to nitrogen desorption from the coating. Nitriding of silicon-carbon coatings increases the dispersion of their structure, and heat-resistant compounds CNх, Si3N4 improve heat resistance and thermal stability of coatings, and increase microhardness and friction coefficient in friction units.


To investigate the problems in doctor's advices for long-term medication from medical records in Ophthalmology Department of a certain hospital to formulate a set of standardized medication in endemic areas. We carried out a retrospective survey by selecting 375 long-term doctor's advices for patients with diabetic retinopathy from January 2006 to May 2011 in a certain hospital.Questionaire on the patients'basic information and doctor's advices for medication were filled in and analyzed. We found 598 of the 15771(3.42%)long-term doctor's advices for medication unreasonable from 375 medical records,including 343 doctor's advices irregularly written and 196 doctor's advices with unsuitable medication. The writing and medication in the doctor's advices in this hospital is basically reasonable.We should attach great importance to the writing and medicine in the doctor's advice,pay attention to drug interactions,and formulate safe and reasonable combination scheme for medication.


Precipitation prediction during flood season has been a key task of climate prediction for a long time. This type of prediction is linked with the national economy and people's livelihood, and is also one of the difficult problems in climatology. At present, there are some precipitation forecast models for the flood season, but there are also some deviations from these models, which makes it difficult to forecast accurately. In this paper, based on the measured precipitation data from the flood season from 1993 to 2019 and the precipitation return data of CWRF, ANN cycle modeling and a weighted integration method is used to correct the CWRF used in today's operational systems. The MAE and TCC of the precipitation forecast in the flood season are used to check the prediction performance of the proposed algorithm model. The results demonstrate a good correction effect for the proposed algorithm. In particular, the MAE error of the new algorithm is reduced by about 50%, while the time correlation TCC is improved by about 40%. Therefore, both the generalization of the correction results and the prediction performance are improved.


Research Highlights: Two genets of Armillaria altimontana Brazee, B. Ortiz, Banik, and D.L. Lindner and five genets of Armillaria solidipes Peck (as A. ostoyae [Romagnesi] Herink) were identified and spatially mapped within a 16-year-old western white pine (Pinus monticola Doug.) plantation, which demonstrated distinct spatial distribution and interspecific associations. Background and Objectives: A. solidipes and A. altimontana frequently co-occur within inland western regions of the contiguous USA. While A. solidipes is well-known as a virulent primary pathogen that causes root disease on diverse conifers, little has been documented on the impact of A. altimontana or its interaction with A. solidipes on growth, survival, and the Armillaria root disease of conifers. Materials and Methods: In 1971, a provenance planting of P. monticola spanning 0.8 ha was established at the Priest River Experimental Forest in northern Idaho, USA. In 1987, 2076 living or recently dead trees were measured and surveyed for Armillaria spp. to describe the demography and to assess the potential influences of Armillaria spp. on growth, survival, and the Armillaria root disease among the study trees. Results: Among the study trees, 54.9% were associated with Armillaria spp. The genets of A. altimontana and A. solidipes comprised 82.7% and 17.3% of the sampled isolates (n = 1221) from the study plot, respectively. The mapped distributions showed a wide, often noncontiguous, spatial span of individual Armillaria genets. Furthermore, A. solidipes was found to be uncommon in areas dominated by A. altimontana. The trees colonized by A. solidipes were associated with a lower tree growth/survival and a substantially higher incidence of root disease than trees colonized only by A. altimontana or trees with no colonization by Armillaria spp. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that A. altimontana was not harmful to P. monticola within the northern Idaho planting. In addition, the on-site, species-distribution patterns suggest that A. altimontana acts as a long-term, in situ biological control of A. solidipes. The interactions between these two Armillaria species appear critical to understanding the Armillaria root disease in this region.


This chapter is an intense portrait of the Chinese interpreter with some reflections on the slipperiness of language between the two cultures. The close relationship that developed between the author and the interpreter also revealed more nuanced aspects of cultural difference that could be narrated from different perspectives. When the interpreter came to a conference in the United States, subtle cultural differences became apparent in what she viewed as unusual. From her perspective, Americans seemed uncurious about people from China. In Mandarin, there is no word for "the Other." China is largely an ethnically homogenous society and Western approaches to diversity are hard to understand.


Soil water was monitored over a six year period in an intact shrub invaded semi-arid Elrcalyptlts popztlrlea woodland (control) and on areas which had been treated by either shrub-clearing, or by ringbarking of trees and shrub-clearing. Measurements were made under both the shrubby thicket areas near the eucalypt, and the sparsely shrubbed interthicket areas more distant from the trees. Average soil water storage over the six years for all treatments was only 26 nun. Much of this water was stored in the upper 500 Inm of the profile and hence was susceptible to direct evaporation from the usually bare soil surface. In the intact n.oodland and following wet weather, significantly more soil water was stored under thickets than under the interthicket areas. With the return of dry weather this cxtra soil water was rapidly depleted, and thicket soils would often become drier than interthicket soils. After pro- longed dry weather, soil matric potentials of - 10 to -1 2 MPa were recorded at a depth of 500 mm. Matric potentials by this time were least negative under thickets. Shrub clearing without rinpbarking increased thicket and interthicket soil water storage by 17% and 2396 respectively. The ring- barking and shrub clearing treatment increased thicket profile storage more than that of the interthicket (81% and 64% respectively). The effect of ringbarkinp lvas often pronounced at a distance of 25 rn from the tree. The contrasting soil water response to the two treatments indicated that in this semi-arid environment only a relatively srnaU change in soil water balance may accrue from incomplete clearing. The ren~oval of both shrubs and trees is probably necessary to make a large difference to soil water storage.


This paper addresses the important issue of the increasing pressure on academics, and pays particular attention to the contribution to this pressure from attitudes and expectations students bring to their university studies. It explores, in particular, student expectations and misperceptions about the learning process. An additional source of pressure comes from the views of educational theorists about such things as curriculum design and quality assurance. These views appear at variance with the dimensions of education valued by students as evidenced by open ended comments on student surveys and online discussion boards. Students seem to value academics who engage with them in certain ways on content and they also value particular types of assessment regimes rather than administrative issues such as the mapping of curriculum characteristics to goals and graduate attributes. It is argued that maintaining the quality of higher education in Australia will require correction of students' unrealistic expectations and some suggestions are made for the direction this correction might take. Keywords :  student expectations, academic workloads, higher education management. JEL classifications :  A20, A29


language, the first since Ungnad's of 1916, is of the highest interest, and the author's competence for this task is attested as supreme on every page. If a general criticism is to be made, if might be that he is too sparing in definition of his terms, e.g. in treating of the vowels, " weak " consonants, and sibilants (and even in his abbreviations)— not all of the technicalities he uses will be familiar even to the experts for whom he is discoursing. Professor Gelb is a confident writer, who advances some theories which are evidently open to debate, but he does not always write with as much clearness as conviction. A few words about the form of this new series : the books are home-made, " composed and printed by the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary" and all will rejoice at this successful defiance of exorbitant printing costs, so menacing to scientific publication. The paper, typescript, and reproduction are all perfectly adequate for the use of scholars, but the weak point is the " binding ", for the sheets are simply pinned together. One of the copies under review pulled apart soon after opening, and the other contains a section of 32 pages which has been assembled upside-down and back to front. A little more attention to this stage of the production should not add greatly to the expense of future numbers.


GLUCOCORTICOID ENHANCES AND ANDROGEN DIMINISHES EXPRESSION OF GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR mRNA AND PROTEIN IN FETAL RAT LUNG TISSUE IN SITU . ▴ 399


Аннотация. At present, scientists in the field of studying metal-dependent biochemical processes have established that manganese is an integral part of biological and chemical processes for many living organisms, including participation in neuroprocesses. Manganese ensures the stability of cell membranes, participates in the synthesis and metabolism of neurotransmitters, however, when manganese enters the human body in an amount exceeding the average values, and taking into account its cumulation, it can turn from an essential trace element into an ecotoxicant with the development of characteristic symptoms. The review is devoted to some aspects of the negative effect of manganese on the nervous system and metabolism with a violation of the human protein profile, the detrimental effect on the elderly in inducing Parkinson's disease, a decrease in mental abilities in children and in people with liver disease and in newborns.


We have proposed and demonstrated an approach for ensuring quasi-single-mode operation of a cylindrically symmetric hybrid fibre having anomalous dispersion at wavelengths around . Basic to this approach are distinctions between spatial fibre mode distributions and the use of a high-loss ring layer in the region of a minimum in the electric field of the operating hybrid mode.


Photonic crystal cannot only be used to inhibit spontaneous emission and redistribute the energy into useful forms,but can also be designed to control and confine photon. The evolution of the localized photonic states in different symmetrical photonic crystal super-cells was investigated with the method of plane wave expansion( PWE). On the one hand,the radius of some dielectric rods at or near the defect H1 was changed simultaneously,to transform the symmetry of the super-cell involving the defect to that of the point group of C6 v,C3vor C2v; On the other hand,the evolution of the localized photonic states was studied. The stimulated calculation results demonstrate that the location of the localized photonic states in the photonic band gap( PBG) depends on the radius of the rods and the evolution of the localized photonic states has its periods and that the amount of the localized photonic states increases with the degree of the relaxation of symmetry increasing. The dielectric cylinder is silicon,and the research is committed to the work of creating the silicon-based nanolaser.


Any biogas produced by the anaerobic fermentation of organic materials has the advantage of being an environmentally friendly biofuel. Nevertheless, the relatively low calori fi c value of such gases makes their effective utilization in practical applications relatively dif fi cult. The present study considers the addition of hydrogen as a potential solution to mitigate this issue. In particular, the properties of turbulent diffusion jet fl ames and the related pollutant emissions are investigated numerically for different operating pressures. The related numerical simulations are conducted by solving the RANS equations in the frame of the Reynolds Stress Model in combination with the fl amelet approach. Radiation effects are also taken into account and the combustion kinetics are described via the GRI-Mech 3.0 reaction model. The considered hydrogen fuel enrichment spans the range from 0% to 50% in terms of volume. Pressure varies between 1 and 10 atm. The results show that both hydrogen addition and pressure increase lead to an improvement in terms of mixing quality and have a signi fi cant effect on fl ame temperature and height. They also reduce CO 2 emissions but increase NOx production. Prompt NO is shown to be the predominant NO formation mechanism.


lowering the fat content in the products decreases the firmness of texture. In order to prevent this event gelatin might be employed to overcome this problem. But, hydrocolloid namely gelatin might affect the taste of the product. In order to solve this problem, fragrant vegetables such as Chavil might be used for this purpose. This vegetable decreases cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and cholesterol concentration. Moreover, it could prevent the growth of cancer cells and its metastasis. Materials and Methods: in this project, the effect of two different concentrations (0.15, 0.3 %) of gelatin on Chavil yogurt has been studied. The yogurt samples have been evaluated every seven days for 21 days in terms of pH, acidity, free fatty acid, sensory features and the rate of diacetyle formation. Results: The results showed that gelatin causes an increase in the acidity and a decrease in pH as compared to the control sample. It also causes decreases in the production of free fatty acid and diacetyle formation. The results of sensory tests have shown that gelatin does not have negative effect on the sensory features of the product. Conclusion: The present study indicated that by applying gelatin together with Chavil better quality yoghurt is produced.


A family unit is a system in which various parts have an impact on other parts. This chapter looks at how families, concerned others, and friends are affected by a loved one's SUD. Any family member may be hurt by a loved one with an SUD. The effects may vary among families and among members within the same family, but emotional pain and disruption of family life are common. Attention often centers on the member with the SUD, while overall family pain and distress are ignored. Individuals with SUDs often "underfunction," which means that other members of the family have to pick up the slack and "overfunction." This dynamic may change how family members communicate or relate to one another. The effects on families vary from mild to severe—in which a family is torn apart by an SUD.


The chemical composition of bulk precipitation in the Lake Ontario basin has been studied to determine its potential contribution to the chemical budgets of the lake and to provide basic background data as a baseline for later comparisons. The results from seven sampling stations during the two-year period 1970-1971 are presented. The results suggest that bulk precipitation may be a significant source of nitrogen and phosphorus to the lake, with the nitrogen input estimated at 12 to 14% of the total from other sources and the phosphorus input from 5 to 14%. The bulk precipitation loadings of the major ions sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and sulphate to the lake were found to be less than 3% of estimated Niagara River loadings of the same parameters. Comparisons of lake surface loadings of heavy-metals by bulk precipitation in the Lake Ontario Basin with estimated Niagara River loadings have shown that bulk precipitation may be a significant source of lead and zinc to the lake. Bulk precipitation loadings were found to be from 15 to 36% and from 58 to 85% of the estimated Niagara River loadings for lead and zinc, respectively.


THE STUDENTS in the underdeveloped countries are a political force of some consequence. In most of these societies, students assume political participation even before finishing their studies, bringing national, tribal and local politics into the campus in a very direct way. It is true that the student population in many of the developing nations is really numerically small (in proportion to the total population), but the very facts that governments in many of the new nations argue with the students or force them to accept their policies, or that the students themselves can impose their demands upon their governments, are indications of the potential power of the 'educated youth'. Governments, conscious of the student community, always hope to influence it or even repress some of its leaders. (Thus the President of the Ivory Coast recently engaged in a dialogue with student leaders, arguing with them, and finally threatening to suspend important government scholarships in order to ensure the loyalty of the student organization. And yet it is hard to imagine that the head of a Western nation would engage in a protracted dispute with student leaders in order to ensure the loyalty of the student union.) But if all else fails, governments close universities for extended periods-as happened recently in Burma and India. On the other hand, high school and university students can even force radical changes of their governments, as happened in 1966 in Indonesia; or they can even change the course of international events, as happened in Japan in I960, when the riots promoted and headed by the National Federation of Student Self-Government Associations (Zengakuren) forced the government to cancel its invitation to President Eisenhower to visit Japan. In fact, if we include the average college and university student in the category of 'intellectuals', then we can accept Shils' thesis that "the gestation, birth, and continuing life of the new states of Asia and Africa, through all their vicissitudes, are in large measure the work of intellectuals. In no state-formation in all of human history have intellectuals played such a role as they have in these events of the present century"., In fact, since the I960's, and especially since 1965, the role of student movements in politics has taken on disturbing, if not terrifying, aspects. Recent events in South-east Asia, Africa and other restless parts of the world have demonstrated the importance played by college-and even high school-students in politics. A student's job is, of course, to study; but there are occasions when his decision to lay aside his books and to take up a political banner can make all the difference in the political future of his country. The coup against President Sukarno of Indonesia in 1966 is a good example of student action at its best-or at its worst. There are, of course, very many causes and factors involved in the present troublesome situation. What are some of the most important ones ?


The general dynamic model (GDM) of oceanic island biogeography integrates rates of immigration, speciation and extinction in relation to a humped trajectory of island area, species carrying capacity and topographic complexity through time, based on a simplified island ontogeny. In practice, many islands have more complex ontogenies, featuring surfaces of varying age. Here, we extend the GDM to apply at a local scale within islands, and test the predictions analytically within individual islands.


The countable branches of nodal solutions bifurcating from the infinity for a sublinear semilinear equation are described with two different approaches. In the one-dimensional case we use plane phase methods of ordinary differential equations. The general N-dimensional problem can be studied by using topological methods and we sketch here some previous results by the second author in collaboration with Joao-Paulo Dias. One of the main motivations of the present paper was the ambiguity of the mathematical treatment of the Schrodinger equation for the infinite well potential. We study the classes of flat solutions (i.e. with zero normal derivative at the boundary) and solutions with compact support of the semilinear problem which allow to offer a kind of "alternative approach" to the infinite well potential for the Schrodinger equation.


Nanjing Chemical Industry Park (NCIP) is an important industrial base with more than 300 chemical plants. Taking NCIP as a research area, this article conducted a random sampling survey on the aquatic product consumption of residents in the NCIP and its surrounding areas. Then this study preliminarily estimated the exposure level of local residents to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) associated with fish consumption. The mean intake of Σ6 PBDEs via fish consumption was 0.69 ng/kg body weight b.w./day with a range of 0.35-1.63 ng/kg b.w./day. There was no significant difference in total intake of PBDEs at different body weights. Among the six PBDEs congeners, BDE-47 was dominant in the total intake, with an average contribution rate of 77%. The daily exposure to PBDEs decreased with the increase of body weight. During this period, the total intake of PBDES through fish consumption was at a low level. Overall, the estimated daily intake of total PBDEs was far below the LOAEL for the population in this region.


In this paper, we propose cookie protection-key management system for cookie protection and maintain separate cookie protection-key of each user. We provide integrity, confidentiality, and user authentication of cookie by using registered cookie protection-key and applying encryption techniques. And, we use the technique for hiding the URL of an internal document to a user to minimize the problem of its exposure. When this system is applied to the intranet of an enterprise, it will be able to provide a security to cookie and minimize the problem of internal document exposure by an internal user.


Based on the stochastic prediction theory and pole-asslgnment methods,a new design schemefor a multivariable self-tuner is presented.It not only preserves the advantages of the usuall y-used pole-as-signment self-tuning controllers but also overcomes the drawback that the performances of servo-tracking andstochastic regulation could not be satisfied simultaneously.The effectiveness of the method has been verifiedby the simulatiOn results.


Fossil evidence links human ancestry with populations that evolved from modern gracile morphology in Africa 130,000–160,000 years ago. Yet fossils alone do not provide clear answers to the question of whether the ancestors of all modern Homo sapiens comprised a single African population or an amalgamation of distinct archaic populations. DNA sequence data have consistently supported a single-origin model in which anatomically modern Africans expanded and completely replaced all other archaic hominin populations. Aided by a novel experimental design, we present the first genetic evidence that statistically rejects the null hypothesis that our species descends from a single, historically panmictic population. In a global sample of 42 X chromosomes, two African individuals carry a lineage of noncoding 17.5-kb sequence that has survived for Ͼ1 million years without any clear traces of ongoing recombination with other lineages at this locus. These patterns of deep haplotype divergence and long-range linkage disequilibrium are best explained by a prolonged period of ancestral population subdivision followed by relatively recent interbreeding. This inference supports human evolution models that incorporate admixture between divergent African branches of the genus Homo. The ap-anatomically modern human (AMH) form occurred in a single, isolated population or in a subdivided pearance of many early modern fossils across much of eastern and southern Africa, as well as the Levant, raises archaic population remains a contentious question in the study of human evolution. The answer to this ques-the possibility that the transition to the AMH phenotype may have occurred over a broad geographical range. tion has important implications for understanding the extent of reproductive isolation among transitional forms An alternative to interpreting the fossil record is to examine patterns of genetic variation in the extant hu-of early Homo sapiens and the manner in which adaptations man population and use evolutionary models to esti-associated with anatomically modern traits were assembled mate the probability of historical events. The most abun-in the human genome. For example, if H. sapiens evolved dant data on extant human genetic variation come from from a single isolated population, then our ancestors may mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Variation at this mater-have adapted to a narrower set of conditions than if our nally inherited haploid locus suggests that AMH de-ancestors evolved in different ecological settings over a scend from a single African population that rapidly wider geographical range. There is now good fossil evi-expanded from a small effective population size (N e) of dence …


This paper addresses instrumented metrics for evaluating image quality of hardcopy prints. Image quality metrics can be extremely valuable during all phases of product development, from planning through design and development, to manufacturing. The various applications impose very different requirements on the nature of the metrics and how they can be measured. For example, technology-independent metrics must be used in order to compare different technologies. In this paper the different requirements for image quality metrics and measurements are discussed, using examples from recently developed metrics for uniformity.


The programming education is very important in technical colleges, universities and enterprises. We have developed a problem solving environment (PSE) for the education and learning support: TSUNA-TASTE[J. Convergence Information Tech., 5(2010)216.]. The TSUNA-TASTE system collects the system-usage date, the information for software used and operation data of mouse and keyboard of all students. In this paper we propose and develop a new subsystem of a C interpreter as an algorithmic visualization tool in our system of TSUNA-TASTE. In this paper we summarize briefly the TSUNA-TASTE and present the C interpreter in the TSUNA-TASTE. The algorithmic visualization tool helps abecedarians of the C language very much. The TSUNA-TASTE may open a new possibility of helpful computer language education.


The Zionists have built the state of Israel with the recent past of their suffering and upon the unforgettable European horrorbut also upon the suffering of this other people and with this other people's stones. The Irgoun was dubbed terrorist not only because it used to blast the British headquarters, but also because it wiped out entire villages, such as Deir Yasin. The Americans made of Israel a super-production in the Hollywood manner: they conceived of the land as a terra nullius awaiting the arrival of the ancient Hebrews, its only occupants being a few Arab settlers keeping guard over the place's sleeping stones. In this way, they were pushing the Palestinians toward oblivion. They want them to acknowledge the legal existence of Israel, while the Israelis disavow the palpable reality of the Palestinians. Alone, the Palestinian people have been waging an unfinished war to defend their land, their stones, and their life. It is a war no one talks about, because it is important to maintain the fallacy that the Palestinians are Arabs who came from elsewhere, and could very well return there. However, who will disentangle all these Jordans? Who will tell them [the Zionists, the Americans, and the Europeans] that while ties between the Palestinians and other Arabs may be very strong, they are no stronger than the ties existing between two European countries? Which Palestinian will forget what, besides


A brief biographical account is given of the nineteenth-century marine dredger, naturalist and shell collector, Robert McAndrew, based on a hitherto unavailable family memoir written in 1915 by his youngest son, George. Robert McAndrew's extensive shell collection is kept in the University of Cambridge Museum of Zoology. George's own residence was at Juniper Hall in Surrey, a property sold to the National Trust in 1945 and now leased to the Field Studies Council as a field study centre.


Thyroid hormones regulate the activity of enzymes that play keyrole in the metabolism of lipoproteins. Thyroid dysfunction resulting in lipid abnormalities. Atherogenic lipid profile indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
In this work was tested the impact of thyroid disorders on lipid profile and association with risk of cardiovascular disease in atherosclerotic hypothyroid (n=40) and hyperthyroid (n=40) patients, men and women at random, and euthyroid-healthy subjects (n=60, control group). Thyreostimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) were studied in three groups of respondents with standardized tests.
The results showed that hypothyroid patients have significantly higher values of LDL-cholesterol (p<0,05) compared with euthyroid group. In hyperthyroid patients have significantly lower values of LDL-cholesterol in males (p<0,05) in contrast to euthyroid respondents, while the females are statistically insignificant elevated. As for HDL-cholesterol, its values are significantly smaller (p<0,05) in both groups compared with control group.
Results also indicate that females in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients have higher values cholesterol of LDL-unlike male gender. HDL- cholesterol in hyperthyroid men is significantly smaller than females. This significant difference is observed in hyporhyroid men and women.
The summarized results showed that hypothyroid patients due to abnormal atherogenic lipid levels are at greater risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.


The authors present power factor improvement methods, for switched-mode power supplies, by using harmonics elimination. Three methods were valuated: a series connected resonant filter, a parallel connected resonant filter, and an active boost converter. The two passive filters are commercial products, and the boost converter is an in-house design using a power MOSFET as the switching device and a dedicated commercial IC for the control circuit. An off-the-shelf PC power supply along with the two passive filters and a boost converter were used as the test specimen. The experimental results show input power factor, distortion factor, crest factor, total harmonic distortion, and harmonic components. Also identified are the power system impacts of nonlinear current, the relative cost of harmonic elimination, and the motivation that may come from new power quality standards.<<ETX>>


In what follows, part of a still ongoing research, it is shown Luc Brisson´s essentials ideas about Plato and the myth. One tries to illustrate and examine Brisson´s methodology and analysis as they stand, above all in his book Platon, las palabras y los mitos. As it is well known, there are quite a lot of various aspects about myth in Plato´s writings. Brisson, in this book, tries to demonstrate the importance that the Greek writer ascribes to myth in so many of his dialogues.
Brisson calls one´s attention to the fact that the word myth, mythos, do have the meaning of a fictitious story; and, still more, that Plato was the very first author to use the word mythos with such a meaning. Plato used it to describe the practice of making and telling stories, that is, the oral transmission that is kept in a community memory. Brisson, in such a way, in the first half of his book, recreates the multiple and various description that Athens´ philosopher offers about mythos having in mind the ancient story of Atlantis. In the second half of his book Brisson compares the meaning of mythos, for Plato an unverifiable speech, to another way of speech, which he believes to be superior, that is, logos or verifiable speech. Such a kind of conclusion, to which Brisson comes to, in his research, is just one of many other possibilities which he delves not. The author of this article agrees with him in the essential. Therefore, further studies should be done; other works and different theories should be explored in depth. That must be so, once such a theme is so complex, though rich, interesting and full of essential philosophical consequences. In what follows it is shown the main steps followed by Brisson in his deep analysis.


The mononegative ions of meta‐, ortho‐ and para‐dinitrobenzene have been prepared in acetonitrile by controlled potential electrolysis within a microwave cavity and their electron spin resonance observed. The radical spectra exhibit hyperfine structure due to the isotropic magnetic interaction of the unpaired electron with the nitrogen and ring proton nuclear moments. Coupling constants were obtained with the aid of deuterium substitutions in the parent molecule. The nitrogen hyperfine coupling constants for the isomeric meta, ortho, and para anions were found to be 4.68, 3.22, and 1.74 gauss, respectively, and were identical for each of the two nitrogen nuclei of a given radical. Proton coupling constants range between 0.42 gauss and 4.19 gauss. The larger total hyperfine width of the meta‐dinitrobenzene anion compared with the ortho and para isomers is ascribed to the existence of negative spin density in the π system of the first‐mentioned radical and to the possibility of quinonoid resonance in the ot...


Abstract The current paper is intended to provide an overview on the current state of the art for sandwich structures marine applications to support their wider application and identify the key issues to develop. A summary of current rules and standards on marine sandwich constructions is reported. The main critical points concerning design and qualifications are outlined, and some possible developments are suggested, with particular attention to critical loading conditions. An overview of innovative sandwich structures marine applications is included and some comparisons among different structures are provided. Some suggestions on future scenarios for sandwich structures marine applications are yielded.


Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an important side effect of heparin therapy associated with significant morbidity and mortality if unrecognized. The platelet count typically falls below 150,000/µl 5–14 days after heparin is started. Thrombosis is the major clinical complication. The diagnosis is confirmed with a variety of functional and antigenic assays. Heparin binds to PF4, resulting in a conformational change in the molecule that exposes neo‐epitopes that act as immunogens. Antibodies form against the heparin‐PF4 complex, the major target antigen. The IgG‐heparin‐PF4 immune complex binds either via its Fab domain to the platelet surface or via its Fc domain to the FcγIIA receptor on the surface of the platelet, resulting in further platelet activation. Continued release of PF4 from activated platelets leads to increasing PF4‐heparin complex formation, and a self‐propagating cycle of platelet consumption and generation of procoagulant platelet‐derived microparticles. Other procoagulant effects of the HIT antibody include endothelial cell damage, stimulation of platelet‐leukocyte aggregates, and release of tissue factor from monocytes.


We introduce quandle cocycle invariants of Lefschetz fibrations over the 2-sphere, using quandle cocycles of Dehn quandles. We find a cocycle with non-abelian coefficients so that the associated invariant is equivalent to the signature of Lefschetz fibrations. We compute the second quandle homologies of some Dehn quandles, and also study cocycle invariants with local coefficients.


The communication system of fire fighting robots which can realize the functions of fire recognition,video compression,communication and alarm,and remote monitoring was designed.The internal and external communication control systems were introduced separately.The host hardware build by dual-core structure model of DSP and ARM was described.The software structure was analyzed considering the functions should be realized,and software design such as DSP start program,Web server and network communication control were illustrated.


For demographers and some few other experts the phenomenon which is now called "demographic change" was clearly visible since it emerged some decades ago. However, among a wider public only in recent years the term has become an important issue. Meanwhile a lot of papers have been written on this matter from a large variety of points of view. There is one simple reason for this growing concern and popularity: More and more people realize that the size, age composition and regional distribution of a country's population are an important framework for many fields of policy. Policy and planning are made "for the people", and very often it is simply necessary to know how many people there are, how old they are, and where they live. This is even more important when these mentioned properties of the population undergo considerable changes, and when these changes eventually become evident.


Background: Although several data suggest that serum uric acid (SUA) predicts future development of metabolic abnormalities, the evidence is not conclusive in Mediterranean populations. Methods: A total of 3200 individuals were randomly selected from the residents of Monza (North Italy) to be representative of its general population for sex and age (25–74 years). The participation rate was 64%. At baseline and 10 years later, we measured waist circumference, office blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, serum triglycerides, serum HDL cholesterol and SUA. Results: The analysis was carried out in individuals without metabolic syndrome at baseline (N = 1192) when looking for incidence of metabolic syndrome, without impaired fasting glucose (IFG) at baseline (N = 1320) when looking for incidence of IFG and without diabetes mellitus at baseline (N = 1352) when looking for incidence of diabetes mellitus. Adjusting for confounders, a 1-SD increase of baseline SUA was not associated with and increased risk of new-onset metabolic syndrome, but with new-onset IFG [relative risk (RR) = 1.26, confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.5, P = 0.01]. It was associated with a 29% increased risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus, that was more than twice in the highest as compared with the lowest quartile of baseline SUA (RR = 1.29, CI 0.98–1.7, P = 0.07, and RR = 2.16, CI 0.95–4.88, P = 0.07). Focusing the analysis on the individuals with age above the median value, SUA increase was significantly associated with an increased risk of new-onset metabolic syndrome, IFG and diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: SUA increase is associated with an increased risk of developing IFG and, in the population fraction with age above the median value, also metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus.


Koulaouzidis et al. [1] have also attempted to identify the ampulla of Vater (AoV) using first and second generation Pillcam ESO capsules (Given Imaging, Yoqneam, Israel). They have confirmed our findings [2], namely that the AoV is identified in only a minority of patients and that improvements in capsule technology, including a faster frame rate, do not lead to a greater frequency of visualization of the AoV. However, we do not agree with their contention that reading the studies at lower frame rates will increase the likelihood of detecting the ampulla. The difference between automatic mode and 'roll-through' may have been misunderstood by Koulaouzidis et al. In automatic mode, identical frames are suppressed to reduce reading time. This is the only mode in RAPID Software (Given Imaging). It does not affect viewing speed in terms of frames per second (fps). On the other hand, 'roll-through' involves scrolling through the images with the scroll wheel on the mouse, allowing much slower frame rates than either 7 or 9 fps which Koulaouzidis et al. [1] employed. They did not show that a faster viewing rate leads to the failure to detect the AoV in any of their patients. Of more importance is their finding that the AoV was seen with only one head of the capsule in 80% of cases where it was identified. This demonstrates that it may be critical whether the capsule is viewing the ampulla, or any other pathology, from above or from below. We still believe that factors that make the AoV difficult to observe in all patients may be at least part of the reason why other lesions may be missed in the small bowel.


The present study analyses extreme events in meridional atmospheric heat transport due to transient eddies in the time–frequency domain. The data used are the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA‐Interim reanalysis data, at the 850 mb pressure level and with daily, 0.7° latitude and longitude resolution.


Modular series–parallel dc–dc converters (MSPDDCs) are good options in high-power high-voltage applications. A reliable operation should be a top concern in such critical situations. In this article, a general fault-tolerant method for switch fault is proposed for MSPDDC, including fast fault diagnosis (FD) and postfault reconfiguration. The FD is achieved using the relationship between output inductor voltage and gate driver signal in each module. The inductor voltage is acquired by adding a small auxiliary winding into the magnetic core, and no expensive sensors are introduced. A general and low-cost hardware circuit is designed to locate faulty module in a very short time. The reconfiguration process for four structures is then systematically presented. Through a careful timing sequence design, a fast and smooth hot swap is realized, and its impact on the output side and the other healthy modules is minimized. The principle of FD and reconfiguration, hardware implementation, and experimental verification are given in this article.


A fiber-optic relative-humidity (RH) sensor composed of multilayer of porous dielectric films is proposed. The transducer deposited on fiber end-face is multilayer coating consisting of nano-porous TiO2 and SiO2 films, which forms a low-fineness Fabry-Perot (F-P) filter with one of minimum reflections at about 1 350-nm wavelength. The dielectric thin films realized by e-beam evaporation without ion-source assistance have columnar and porous structures, which exhibit sensitivity to RH change of environments. When the sensor is exposed to an environment of RH change from 10.9% to 92.8%, experimental results demonstrate 77.9-nm shift of characteristic wavelength.


The era of application specific ICs is stirring demand for that mixed analog and digital functions. At the same time, modern EDPs from personal computers to main frame computers are requiring faster, denser but less power consumped ICs.


Background/Aims: 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]guanine (PMEG) is one of the most active antiproliferative compounds in a series of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates and is active in intraperitoneal P388 tumors in mice. Methods: We synthesized octadecyloxyethyl (ODE) and hexadecyloxypropyl esters of PMEG and compared their antiproliferative activity with unmodified PMEG in primary human fibroblasts and CaSki, Me-180 and HeLa human cervical cancer cell lines in vitro. Results: ODE-PMEG had excellent antiproliferative activity in vitro in this panel of human cervical cancers. We compared the effects of ODE-PMEG and ODE-cidofovir (ODE-CDV) in a solid tumor model using Me-180 human cervical cancer cell lines in athymic nude mice. Intratumoral injection of 25 µg of ODE-PMEG or 100 µg of ODE-CDV daily for 21 days followed by observation for 20–35 days resulted in near-complete disappearance of measurable cervical cancers. Conclusion: ODE-PMEG may be suitable for local or topical treatment of cervical dysplasia.


This paper presents a novel oscillator based filter structure for processing time-domain signals with linear dynamics that extensively uses digital logic by construction. Such a mixed signal topology is a key component for allowing efficient processing of asynchronous time encoded signals that does not necessitate external clocking. A miniaturized primitive is introduced as analogue time-domain memory that can be modelled, synthesized, and incorporated in closed loop mixed signal accelerators to realize more complex linear or non-linear computational systems. This is contextualized by demonstrating a compact low power filter operating at 0.45 V in 65 nm CMOS. Simulation results are presented showing an excess of 50 dB dynamic range with a FOM of 7fJ/pole which promises an order of magnitude improvement on state-of-the-art filters in nanometre CMOS.


PURPOSE: An apparatus for setting an image forming apparatus and a method for storing a backup file of the same are provided to enable a user to selectively perform a restoration by displaying a user setup information in the backup file. CONSTITUTION: An input unit(130) selects a backup file to be restored. A display unit(110) displays the user setup information in the backup file. If the input unit selects the user setup information, a controller(120) sets the image forming apparatus by selectively restoring the user setup information. If the input unit selects the all information recovery option, the controller sets the image forming apparatus by restoring the user setup information.


Kinetics of the coordination reaction of meso tetra p hydroxylphenyl porphyrin(abbr. TP OHTPP) with Cu? in dimethylformamide(DMF) has been studied under 35.0±0.1℃ and with ion strengh 0.1(NaClO 4). The kinetic equation of the formation reaction of the metalloporphyrin has been obtained as d[Cu?P]/d t = k [CuCl +][P] T /(1.0+[H +]/ K a 3 +[H +] 2/ K a3 K a4 ), k =0.4671 L 2·mol -2 ·s -1 , K a3 =2.226×10 -3 , K a4 = 3.691×10 -4 , accorting to the associated states of CuCl 2 in DMF and the dependence of reaction rate on both [Cu?Cl +] and [H +]. The active parameters of the reaction have been investigated as E a = 81.86 kJ·mol -1 ·K -1 , ΔH ≠= 80.39 kJ·mol -1 , ΔG ≠= 64.20 kJ·mol -1 and ΔS ≠= 52.55J·mol -1 ·K -1 . The results of the study shows that the reaction follows the mechanism of association dissociation with its rate limit step of the dissociation of the activeted complex[CuCl+…H 2P]. $$$$


Corona virus pandemic posed great challenges in all spheres of life. Quite naturally, law had to face those challenges, adapt to the "new normal" and bring viable solutions to many problems created by the pandemic. In this paper the authors focus on one specific manifestation of the influence of pandemic on business law - voluntary abstention of business entities from enjoying free transfer of funds. In the Republic of Serbia, this abstention came to effect with entry into force of several laws and bylaws enacted with the aim of neutralizing the negative consequences of the pandemic on economy and business. The voluntary abstention is analysed from the standpoint of company law and the rules on protection of foreign direct investment. After evaluating the prohibition on profit distribution to shareholders, the authors conclude that the enactment of atypical, non-standard measures is necessary during the pandemic and that these measures need to be adopted promptly enough to timely address the problems that they are supposed to solve, but during their enactment one must bear in mind that the short-term benefits should not be off set by long-term damage.


Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare but potentially fatal disorder caused by ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) deficiency. Prompt identification/exclusion of TTP can thus be facilitated by rapid ADAMTS13 testing. The most commonly utilized (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]–based) assay takes several hours to perform and so does not generally permit rapid testing.


The invention discloses a disposing method of high concentrated tobacco slice wastewater in the paper making processes through anaerobic aerobic granular sludge, which comprises the following steps: pre-processing concrete; pumping waste water into anaerobic complex reactor to get anaerobic degradation with sludge density at 30-40g/L, COD load at 12-18kg COD/m3.d and under 35-37 deg.c; adopting interval aerobic particle sludge method to get aerobic treatment; pumping water 1h with aeration of micropore aerated pipe at 8-16h; setting the density of density at 7-12g/L; making COD load at 1.2-1.5kg/(m3.d) . The invention can reach the first emission standard of nation.


A modified adaptive butterfly optimization algorithm is established with the aim of addressing the "early search blindness" and the relatively poor adaptability of the sensory modality. A normal‐distribution‐based model and a Weibull‐distribution‐based adaptive model of sensory modalities are respectively proposed for the global search process and iteration process. Among them, the Weibull‐distribution‐based adaptive model of sensory modalities is mainly manifested as the c value, that is, the adaptive change trend based on the Weibull model. The performance of the modified butterfly optimization algorithm is validated using a 14‐benchmark test function and compared with performances of some latest algorithms. The experimental results indicate that the modified algorithm performs competitively in terms of accuracy and stability. Following the experiment, the modified algorithm is further tested by running a support‐vector‐machine prediction model based on engineering data of a pipe belt conveyor's flat‐pipe/pipe‐flat transition segment. The results of the modified algorithm are then compared with test‐run outcomes of the back‐propagation prediction model and KCV‐SVM model. The results show that the prediction error is well within 10%, demonstrating the method's competence as a reliable reference for future designs of pipe belt conveyors.


Abstract Four book bibliographies, two journals, and two databases served as the sources for 209 prominent, contemporary resources pertaining to American viticulture described in this selective bibliography. Organized into seven subject categories, the listing comprises monographs and compiled books, U.S. Department of Agriculture publications, conference and symposia proceedings, journal titles, and full-text online works, the majority of which are less than 30 years old.


Experiments were conducted to evaluated the effect of dieatary supplemented coriender seed on fatty acid composition of liver in quails. Four hundered ninety, 3 day-old Japanase quails were randomly divided into five trial groups of 98 birds (49 males and 49 females) in each group according to diets, In control group (Group V), the birds were fed with a basal diet (24% crude proteins and 2900 Kcal metabolisable energy/kg. Four different levels of coriander seeds 0.5% (Group I), 1% (Group II), 2%(Group III) and 4% (Group IV) were added to the basal diets. Fatty acid profiles for liver were altered by adding coriander seeds in diets. Supplementation of coriander seeds to quails diets resulted in a significant (P< 0.01) higher in liver total polyunsaturated fatty acids composition (PUFA). The highest dosage of coriander seed (4% added to the ration) has systematically induced the greatest effects on total polyunsasaturated fatty acids composition. Total PUFA was higher with coriander seeds group 4%, 2% coriander seed according to %0.5, %1 and control groups (P< 0.01). Consequently, dietary supplementation by coriander seed would significant by change the liver lipids of quails by lowering SFA proportions and by enhancing contents of MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acids) and PUFA(polyunsaturated fatty acids), particularly of n3 PUFA.


A seven ports network is proposed to act as a six-way power divider/combiner. The proposed network structure consists of a set of '=4 planar transmission lines at the design frequency and does not require any isolating resistor. The power divider is capable of providing various power ratios by judicious choice of the transmission lines characteristic impedances. Design equations are derived for arbitrary power ratios. Simulation results obtained from the ADS software proved the possibility of achieving preset power ratios with fairly linear phase response over a certain bandwidth. The latter depends on the chosen power ratios. Measured results of manufactured power dividers agree well with simulations and theory.


The process of making black conversion coating on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy was studied by using the surface modification technique.The morphology of the black conversion coating was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy.The hardness and corrosion-resistance of the conversion coating were evaluated.It was found that the black conversion coating on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy substrate was uniform,stable,and porous.Compared with TC4 titanium alloy substrate,the micro-hardness and corrosion-resistance have a remarkable increase,and can meet the demands of surface modification of the TC4 titanium alloy for weapons equipment.


In this short paper, we present an analysis for co- channel interference between femtocell (FC) downlink transmissions in a purely homogeneous femtocell type network. We assume no direct coordination between FCs since, as of Release 12, no low-latency links are provided for intra-cell communication. Our simulations utilize VoIP traffic models to understand the interference impact of QoS oriented traffic as network densities increase. The preliminary results demonstrate the reduced performance of FCs under this co-channel model when resource allocations depend on existing sensing and traditional usage of sensing information.


Companies with individualized products, such as companies in the machinery and industrial plant construction sector, are in the tension area between the complete individualization of the product portfolio and the long-desired scale effects. Generally, it is attempted to meet different customer requirements by creating and offering customer-specific variants, which serve as an important distinguishing feature for improving the competitive position. This, however, drastically increases the variant diversity and the complexity of the product spectrum, which is associated with more efforts and increases the costs in almost all areas of the company. The customer-oriented development and maintenance of the individualized products and systems presents new challenges due to the constant change of internal and external conditions as well as customer requirements changes during the order processing process plant operation and re-engineering. This leads to a further increase in the complexity of the order processing and the development process, which, inter alia, necessitate an increase of the flexibility within the company. The lifespan of large plants is usually several decades. During operation, individual components and parts of the systems are constantly maintained, optimized and renewed. With such large systems it is difficult to keep track and ensure that all work done is documented and filed accordingly. Most of the systems were still developed and built without the use of digital technologies, and the documentation of such systems only exists in paper format. Accordingly, after a few years of operation, certain discrepancies exist between the real plant and the plant according to the documentation. Before further optimization and renewal, a re-stocking (usually only for a small part of the plant) must take place, which can be costly for urgent repairs and possible downtime. The ability to record and digitally and mechanically read the individual components could be a major step in accelerating maintenance processes and improving spare parts management. In the context of this work an approach to the inventory of a process plant is presented. The requirements for different process components are summarized and an approach for combining the components into a system model is developed. This would be the transition from obsolete document-centric system development to a model-based one. The component of the complete or partial model of the system can be used for other subsystems of current process plant or other systems.


In Part One (pp. 263-301 of the September issue) we have seen how, during the French Enlightenment and continuing in British scientific culture until about 1830, the balance served as a model of analytic rationality. Simultaneously it provided an explanatory strategy for 'economies' of nature, ranging from the solar system, through the systems of geology, chemistry, biology, political economy, and population. I have discussed three aspects of these balancing acts. (l) They looked for an opposition of two forces, labelled 'natural', 'constant', or 'regular', which would produce an eternal, timeless, stability in the natural state of the system. (2) They distinguished regular variations, or periodic 'oscillations', controlled by the constant natural forces, from irregular variations or 'fluctuations', produced by forces called 'disturbing' or 'accidental'. But the balance authorized a subtle conceptual shift from the averaging effect of regular variations to averaging out irregular statistical variations. It thereby carried a conceptual equivalence between 'natural' and 'average'. (3) The natural or average state also represented an optimum state. Two analytic tools emerged for locating the optimum, corresponding to variations regarded as natural and as accidental. The variational calculus served for the natural sort, studied by natural philosophers, while statistical averaging served political economists and other analysts of society. Temporality played no essential role in balancing models of natural economies. The balance projected the eternally unchanging celestial realm into the terrestrial realm of growth and decay. And it naturalized, thereby secularizing, the problem of good and evil, replacing nemesis with natural law. With an explanatory efficacy extending across all domains of knowledge, the balance served as a shared model, but in this role it is better regarded as a mediator or translator, exchanging values and concepts between different areas of culture, than as a uniquely defined object.


Background Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) used to be considered as a single entity but it is now evident that a range of variants exists. Among them, pure ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) and pure oral pemphigoid (OP) appear to be very different subsets. Previous immunogenetics studies have found increased occurrence of the DQB1*0301 allele mainly in patients with OCP whereas in patients with OP the data are more open to doubt.


The Schottky barrier width (Wdep) formed at MoO3-doped p-type C60/Ag interface was evaluated by low-frequency capacitance measurements. At relatively low-doped concentration of 3000 ppm, Wdep was determined to 57 nm and the clear rectification behavior was observed. On the other hand, at heavily-doped concentration of 10000 ppm, Wdep shrunk to 23 nm and the quasi-ohmic behavior due to the tunneling current was observed. Heavy doping technique can be applied to the fabrication of ohmic C60/metal contact.


The purpose of the present research is to investigate the influence of green supply chain management practices on the operational performance of the textile manufacturing industry in Pakistan. The study analyzed three main determinants of green supply chain management practices, i.e., green purchasing, eco-design and environmental cooperation with customers. The study utilized a sample of 152 textile manufacturing organizations. The data was collected through survey method using a reliable and valid questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling technique with the aid of Smart PLS software version 3.0. Multiple regression analysis was employed for hypotheses testing. Empirical findings reveal a strong influence of green practices: eco-design and environmental cooperation with customers on increased operational performance of textile manufacturing organizations.


In: S. España, M. Ivanović, M. Savić (eds.): Proceedings of the CAiSE'16 Forum at the 28th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 13-17.6.2016, published at http://ceur-ws.org Abstract. In recent years the design of enterprise Web applications is more and more based on the integration of resources delivered through data services from outside the organization boundaries. Searching and composing existing data services offer many advantages, namely, the availability of widespread solutions in the form of services and data shared over the Web, and reduced development costs. In this scenario, new methods for speeding up the design process are emerging and, in particular, developers' social networks have been established, where developers follow other developers to learn from their choices in selecting suitable services. In this paper, we propose a framework to support data service selection for modern Web application design, by also considering the developers' social network. The network of social relationships, properly weighted with the developers' credibility, is used to compute developers' rank. This rank qualifies developers' experience in selecting data services.


Big Five advocates have begun to explore the viability of the Big Five for mapping clinical phenomena. Costa and McCrae (1986) were the first to suggest this possibility, and later they (Costa & McCrae, 1990) understandably singled out the personality disorders as a specific target, as did Wiggins and Pincus (1989). Now Widiger offers additional arguments in support of this idea. He devotes the first and major portion of his target article to a highly critical analysis of the official psychiatric personality disorder classification system as encoded in the revised third edition of the Diagnostic and StatisticalManual ofMentalDisorders (DSM-IIIR; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) before considering and recommending the Big Five as an alternative. I concur with much of what Widiger says in his provocative essay. We are in agreement on the following three basic propositions: (a) The categorical DSMIII-R approach to personality disorders is not supportable on either empirical or clinical-pragmatic grounds; (b) as a general framework, a dimensional model is preferable over a categorical framework; and (c) personality dimensions derived from everyday, natural-language personality descriptions should play a major role in the assessment of personality disorders. On other points, Widiger and I differ. I happen to believe that a different natural-language-based dimensional model-a seven-factor model (Tellegen & Waller, in press)-is preferable over the five-factor model (in spite of Widiger's counterarguments, which I address later). Aside from differing on this empirical issue, I seem to differ with Widiger and other Big Five advocates on a more fundamental point: the role of natural-language constructs in a scientific psychology of personality and personality disorder. In the following five sections, I develop these points of assent and dissent as elaborations of five main propositions.


Aeolian sandy soil sampled from Hobq Desert was reinforced by PX soil stabilizer.A experimental studied was carried out on the strength characteristics of solidified aeolian sandy soil in different water containing states,different percentages of soil stabilizer,and different maintenance ages.Experimental results indicate that,the strength characteristics of aeolian sandy soil are different in different water containing states.The unconfined compressive strength of solidified aeolian sandy soil in optimum water content is much than the strength in saturated water content for the same stabilizer percentage and same maintenance age.The unconfined compressive strength of solidified aeolian sandy soil increases with the increase of stabilizer percentage and maintenance age in the same water containing state;and it increases quickly at the beginning of maintenance.While the stabilizer percentage is 8%,the maintenance age is 28 d,the strength could meet requirement of international solidified sand.The shear strength of solidified aeolian sandy soil advanced obviously than aeolian,while the stabilizer percentage is 8%,both the cohesive force and the internal friction angle reached max,and the shear strength of solidified aeolian sandy soil is 1.8 times as much as the aeolian.Furthermore,the change of the microstructure of the solidified aeolian sandy soil is studied by scanning electron microscope.Experimental results indicate that,the connection between grains changed from weak connection to adhesive bonded connection after mixed with PX stabilizer,explained the internal reasons why the solidified aeolian sandy soil's strength could increase and its stability could advance.


Nowadays, the gender gap in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) is a global problem that is tackle from different points of view in order to reduce it. This gap covers all ages and contexts, from education - primary school to university level -- to the labour market. In the last decades, a large number of initiatives have emerged to work actively in promoting gender equality in STEM. Also, from an I+D point of view, in the European context, several projects focused on the gender gap and diversity in STEM have been funded through different programmes. In order to get an overview of the European context, a systematic mapping study of projects related to the gender gap in STEM was conducted in CORDIS, Erasmus+ and KEEP databases. A total number of 435 projects were analysed, and 31 projects were selected to get the overview. The paper describes the methodology used to conduct the analysis, an adaptation of techniques from the systematic literature review and systematic mapping reviews usually used for scientific papers. Finally, the results from the mapping review are described.


I always have been much interested to know how it works to translate an idea, a concept, or an experience into another language. What if people speaking the other language don't have the same thought, experience or background? Are we destined to be confined within the prisons of our own experiences and languages? The problem exists not only between people using different languages, but also among the people who speak the same language, because even siblings within a family cannot always have the same experiences as background.
Key words : gestalt, concept, buddhism, confucianism, clinging, emptiness, content, process


Some new results have been observed with the solar decimeter spectrometer with a new observing mode at National Astronomical Observatories(NAOC),Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).The temporal resolution and frequency range used in the new observing mode are 1.25 msec and 1.10~1.34GHz,respectively,while they are 5 msec and 1.10~2.06GHz,respectively,used in the standard observing mode.The spectral resolution is 4 MHz in both observing modes.Some unexpected super-fine structures in narrowband type Ⅲ bursts(namely "blips"),zebra patterns,fiber bursts,and some new fine structures have been found.The new results will lead to deeply understand the energy release and transfer in the low corona during solar flares.


Why do some people tend to begin new goals or activities with a high level of commitment and determination, only to drop substantially in their involvement within a short time? The purpose of the present research was to identify stable individual differences that influence the tendency to manifest this pattern of behaviour (i.e., starting strong then dropping off), which is subsequently termed "all-or-nothing behaviour". In Study 1, participants completed questionnaire items that were expected to tap all-ornothing behaviour. Common factor analysis was performed to examine the factor structure of the data, and revealed three independent constructs that were labelled "high standards", "sensitivity to failure", and "lack of perseverance". The purpose of Study 2 was to assess the temporal stability of these constructs. Participants completed measures of the constructs at two times separated by 20 weeks. High correlations between scores at Time 1 and Time 2 revealed that the constructs are stable over time. The purpose of Study 3 was to examine the distinctiveness of the target constructs from existing individual difference measures, and to examine their association with theoretically similar and dissimilar constructs. Participants completed measures of the target constructs along with several other individual differences, and correlations among the measures were computed. Moderate to high correlations were found between the target constructs and theoretically related constructs, but they were not were not so high such that they appeared to represent the same underlying dimension. Further, relatively low correlations were found between the target constructs and theoretically unrelated constructs. The purpose of Studies 4 and 5 was to investigate the influence of the target constructs on all-


ABSTRACT This study uses panel data from China over the period 2008–2015 to examine the effect of CEO media exposure on crash risk. We show that CEO media coverage in Chinese firms has a wide dispersion and mitigates crash risk at firms. Our study confirms the important role of media to monitor effectively firm behaviours in China.


We demonstrate that near-infrared organic photodetectors (OPDs) based on vanadyl phthalocyanine (VOPc) and C60 have a higher detectivity and longer wavelength response (up to 935 nm) when fabricated by depositing VOPc on a p-sexiphenyl (p-6P) modified indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substrate. The film morphologies were imaged by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in tapping mode. X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained from a D8 Discover thin-film diffractometer. The OPDs deposited on a bare ITO substrate have larger dark and light current densities at -1 V because deposited VOPc films on bare ITO substrates have more defects according to the morphologies. VOPc film deposited on p-6P has a higher density of dimers than the bare ITO, leading to the increase of long-wavelength peak intensities in the EQE diagram.


Thresholding is a popular technique for image segmentation, in this paper, a region image segmentation method based on improved adaptive threshold is presented, Experiments show that this methods that impact segmentation. With other threshold segmentation arithmetic comparing, new arithmetic has better currency and validity.


The microstructure and properties of wheels from a low pressure casting A356 alloy have been studied. Present study focus effect of intermetallic phases on mechanical properties of cast A356 alloy wheels. It was found that each alloy has different types of intermetallic phase in the microstructure. Also, low pressure casting A356 alloy wheel were remelted and tested for mechanical properties. It shows that 5976 alloy containing higher iron shows the decreased in strength and elongation. However, the hardness is higher than 5975 alloy. This is mainly due to the presence of brittle beta-AlSiFe phase in the microstructure. The large size of beta-AlSiFe phase was usually precipitated in the slow solidification area.


In this paper, a mathematical model of the process of fluid filtration in underground layered formations is considered and numerically solved as raw material for generating electrical energy. The objects of the filter are anomalously structured and Newtonian fluids. Computational algorithms are built using iteration, direct and streaming differential sweep methods. An analysis of the numerical solution of the problem has been carried out. The number of flows between reservoirs was determined, as well as the position of the boundaries of disturbances, taking into account the dynamics of reservoir development.


This paper presents an improved colonial selection algorithm(ICSA) for reactive power optimization. The proposed method employs hierarchic mutation strategy, in which anti-bodies go into the appropriate levels according to the affinity. Superior antibodies in lower-level have smaller mutation range and mutation rate while inferior antibodies in topper-level have larger ones,which can improve the local and global search capabilities simultaneously. A uniform design method adopted to make initial population has more diversity population compared to that produced by random,and it is highly probable that antibodies distribute around the optimal solution. Therefore,it is favorable to avoid only local solutions to be solved and the computation speed can be effectively improved. ICSA applied for reactive power is evaluated on an IEEE-30 bus power system. It is shown that the proposed algorithm has better efficiency,accuracy and stability.


On the basis of summing up the experiences of Guangzhou rail transit connection planning,this paper establishes the evaluation index system of station connection planning and quantifies the indexes.By adding the subjective preference of decision-maker to the entropy method,the determination of the reasonable weights of each index is realized.Then the paper applies the fuzzy evaluation method to carry out the secondary evaluation of connection program.The evaluation method provides a feasible way to choose the optimal program for the connection plan of urban rail transit stations.


In the sport of tennis, the player is confronted with a complex external environment. From chis environment, visual informarion must be extracted to allow the player to select and classify necessary cues for initiating the appropriate response. For example, the player must observe the opponent's racket, body position, the point of ball contacr, and the flight of the ball. The impact of a visual stimulus on the perceptual processes of sensory capacities, central processing and memory may be a key factor in success at tennis. Perceptual style has been extensively studied by Witkin and associates (4, 5, 6 ) who became interested in the manner in which people perceive an object in relation to its surroundings. This phenomenon is referred to as the figure-ground principle. The concept of field-dependence is represented by mfo contrasting perceptual modes conceived as opposite ends of a continuum. The field-dependent or global mode indicates the difficulty of separating objects from their surroundings while the field-independent or analytical mode represents the ease of detecting objects from their surroundings. In studying the perceptual style of tennis Kreiger ( 3 ) found a relationship between figure-ground perception and spatial adjustments, but Enberg's findings ( 2 ) did not show a significant relationship between directionality and field dependence. Barrell and Trippe (1) found highly skilled tennis players were more field dependent than moderately skilled players. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptual style of varsity tennis players and the relationship between perceprual style and team rank of these players. The men's and women's 1976-77 varsity teams of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln were asked to participate in this study; 11 of 12 females and 8 of 8 males volunteered. The team rank of individuals was acquired from the respective coaches. The method used by the coaches to determine the individual's team rank was a challenge ladder tournament and previous individual win/loss record. To assess the field dependence of the subjects Witkin's Group Embedded Figures Test was used. The test has two timed sections of 18 com~lex fimres. The task of the subiect is to identifv a concealed firmre from its surroun'dines. -The total number of simile forms corre&ly traced determ:nes the score. The hlgKer the score, with a possible 18, the greater the field independence. The score ranged from 0 to 17 for females and from 4 to 18 for males. The mean score for men ( M = 12 88. u = 5.30) was slightly higher than the mean score for women ( M = 10.45, u = 5.75). There was no statistically significant difference in scores between the sexes ( r = 3 3 ) . The mean score for the total group ( M = 11.47, u = 5.55) suggests that these tennis players tend to be slightly field independent. Using Spearman's rank-correlation coefficient, the relationship between the Group Embedded Figures Test and individual's team rank was assessed. The nonsignificant coefficient for 8 males was 0.0 and that for 11 females was -0.07, while for the total group p = 0.13, indicating there is no relationship between field dependence and team position on these varsity tennis teams. Cross-validation is essential.


Model-based predictive control is an important multi-objective control strategy in power converters, but it must be properly designed. This research shows different alternatives to improve the cost function in model-based predictive control. For this purpose, the procedure for adjusting the weight factors in the cost functions, all relevant elements and some examples that demonstrate the influence of each term in the equation is presented. The cost functions are characterized and simulated to verify the effectiveness of the working method and the claims made in this investigation. It was found that modelbased predictive control is a powerful alternative when there are multiple objectives, which can be included efficiently within a cost function. However, it is necessary to investigate the ideal value of each of these terms.


Governments often collaborate with the private sector to design and implement major economic initiatives. In studying such state-society collaborations, sociologists tend to focus on how institutional contexts drive outcomes. Although this macro-level, institutional approach has proven generative, it has the potential to overlook important micro-level interaction patterns between state and private sector actors that could also affect economic outcomes. In this study, we examine how bureaucrats in the Indian government interacted with private sector representatives to design and implement an industrial crafts park. Using ethnographic observations, interviews, and supplemental survey data, we show how bureaucrats' status biases towards certain private sector actors led to interaction patterns that blinded them to fatal flaws in the project design and ultimately contributed to its dramatic failure. Bringing a micro-sociological lens to state-society economic engagements, this study reveals how interaction patterns can aggregate to influence large-scale development outcomes. More broadly, it highlights an important but undertheorized pathway by which bureaucrats may inadvertently cement social stratification through the very projects that aim to alleviate economic inequality.


Abstract
The contamination of groundwater by natural arsenic is currently a worldwide epidemic. Arsenic-contaminated groundwater has been reported in Argentina, Chile, Mexico, China, Hungary, West Bengal in India, Bangladesh, and Vietnam. Of these regions, Bangladesh and West Bengal are the most seriously affected in terms of the size of the population at risk and magnitude of health problems. Hence, chronic exposure to arsenic >50′′μg/L in drinking water can result in serious health problems. Common symptoms of arsenic-related ailments are skin, cardiovascular, renal, hematological, and respiratory disorders. Therefore, this chapter focuses on nature, origin, and extent of groundwater arsenic contamination, probable causes, and its impacts on food, drinking water, and social coverage. It further discloses mitigation approaches proposed and practiced by the different research groups to combat this problem and finally concludes.


Yangtze River is probably the world's busiest inland waterway. Ships need to be guided when passing through a controlled waterway based on their long-term speed prediction. Inaccurate ship speed prediction leads to nonoptimal traffic signaling, which may cause a significant traffic jam. For the existing intelligent traffic signaling system, the ship speed is assumed to be constant, which has caused many problems and issues. This paper proposes a novel algorithm to construct an improved multilayer perceptron (MLP) network for accurate long-term ship speed prediction, in which the hidden neurons of the MLP are optimized by the particle swarm optimization method. The effectiveness and efficiency of the method are guaranteed by using the orthogonal least squares method, which is the fast approach for the construction of the MLP network in a stepwise forward procedure. The model is driven by easily acquired dynamic data of the ships, including the speed and the position. The effectiveness of the proposed method is further confirmed by comparing with several traditional modeling techniques. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a ship speed model is built for long-term prediction. The experimental results show that the developed model is in good agreement with the real-life data, with more than 97% accuracy. It will help to generate the optimal traffic commands for Yangtze River in an intelligent traffic signaling system.


This study aimed to examine the prospective associations of general and abdominal obesity patterns with carotid plaque development among early postmenopausal Chinese women.


The European Union has adopted Agenda 2000 reform package, which defines the extent of agricultural production, whose concept of the production of biologically safe food and environmental and economic impact. Proper fertilization is one of the preconditions for the production of healthy food. Therefore, in recent decades, increasing attention is paid to the results of biological nitrogen fixation. This is a natural process which is not only significant but also in a biological practical sense. In the production of basic agricultural crops (corn, wheat and soybean) reduced consumption of mineral fertilizers is very important for the economic viability of production and environmental protection. Numerous studies have shown that the application of biofertilizers reduced use of mineral fertilizers to 60 kg.ha -1 and influences the increase in the quality of land for the plant.


This paper introduces a framework for the secure encryption of healthcare images. The objective of this paper is to encrypt medical images based on Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid (DNA), 3D Lorenz chaotic map, BITXOR operations. The different keys are employed to provide confusion, permutation, encoding and diffusion operations in the encryption procedure to provide uncorrelated image pixels. The proposed algorithm uses 3D Lorenz attractor as chaotic system for encrypting colour Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) images. Further the encrypted image will be validated using encryption quality to evaluate the security analysis.