A microscopic model is suggested which describes the stability of plastic deformation upon uniaxial tension. A nonlinear differential equation of the perturbed motion with respect to the uniform and stable deformation is suggested and approximately solved analytically. The various types of solutions describe stable uniform deformation, yield-point phenomenon, discontinuous flow, and necking before fracture. The appearance of instabilities of various types is shown to be due to the nonlinearity in the basic equation, which is connected with the nonuniformity of plastic deformation. For a description of the instabilities of plastic deformation, the model does not require resorting to the concepts of an abnormality of mechanical properties which manifests itself in changes of the signs of parameters that represent these properties (e.g., negative strain-rate sensitivity of the resistance to deformation or negative strain-hardening coefficient). By comparing the suggested model with other existing models, it is shown that a simplification of concepts of mesoscopic aspects of plastic deformation leads to incorrect conclusions on the interrelation of various types of instability of plastic deformation and of parameters that characterize the mechanical properties of a material. In terms of the suggested model, numerical simulation and qualitative estimates were made, which show the agreement of the model with experimental data and confirm the results and conclusions that follow from the analytical solution.


Our objective was to assess the effect of synthetic zeolite application on morphology, yield and yield components of soybean grown on allophanic soils. A greenhouse experiment was carried out using three zeolite levels and three soils (two allophanic and one paddy) with two soybean cultivars. One determinate (Enrei, [MG] 1V) and indeterminate cultivar (Harosoy [MG] 11) were grown in pots on April 20 th and harvested on 15 th September at the Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan during 2007. Zeolite levels of 0, 20 and 40 (g) were used to determine the growth behavior of soybean cultivars. Different morphological parameters including grain yield were significantly affected by various zeolite levels and soil type. Maximum leaf area and plant height were obtained from 40 (g) zeolite applications with KnP and KyP allophanic soils. Harosoy grew taller than Enrei. Yield and yield contributing attributes were affected significantly by zeolite levels and soil type. Both cultivars gave highest grain yield at 20 (g) zeolite applications and thereafter, the grain yield declined. Application of 20 (g) zeolite applications favored most of the yield contributing characters that contributed maximum grain yield at this level of zeolite application. The allophanic soils gave similar trend of increase in both morphological and yield components parameters of soybean cultivars. A decrease in morphological and yield components were observed, when soybean were grown on a paddy soil with zero(g) zeolite application. Enrei cultivar out yielded Harosoy at all levels of zeolite application and soil type.


Abstract – The effect of the upward flow (the hydraulic trap effect) on advective-diffusive migration of chloride through silt under two different soil densities and Darcy velocity conditions was examined. Comparison on chloride concentrations in the receptor reservoirs beneath the silt samples in downward and upward flow tests showed that the hydraulic trap system could significantly reduce the concentrations in the soil and underlying receptor reservoirs and hence, the system could be used in solid waste landfill designs to minimize the contamination potential from landfill leachate. Effective chloride diffusion coefficients were measured on clay and silt samples from Urmia City landfill site in Iran, using the solid waste leachate from the same landfill. The experimental results were in good agreement with theoretical predictions in diffusive and advective-diffusive tests.


Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve and Control (DMAIC) is one of the problems solving methodology of Six Sigma that used to improve quality. This research presents a case study of surveying quality problems in small scale industry by using Six Sigma approach within a production department. The goals of this research are to improve the quality of services to meet customer demand using DMAIC methodology. This research had shown how the root causes being identified and how the quality of service is being improved and meet customer satisfaction. The defect of quality of service detected is the garment could not complete on time. The analysis from adopting DMAIC indicated that number of workers and machines' capability influenced the production of the garment. In particular, some calculation using formula has been done to calculate the number of workers needed and change the type of the machines. Six Sigma implementation resulted significant increases in number of workers to produce improvements in productivity. The number of workers has been increase from 15 to 24 workers. As a result, when the productivity of garment increases, customer could get their products on time.


Dieulafoy's lesion is a rare cause of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. It accounts for 0.3%–1.5% of major GI bleed. It is typically found in the stomach. Small intestinal Dieulafoy's lesion is very rare. In the small intestine, Dieulafoy's lesion is most commonly seen in the jejunum. Hereby, we present one such case. A 36-year-old female attended the department of gastrosurgery with complaints of pain abdomen and generalized weakness for 15 days. She also had on and off melena and hematochezia. She was admitted with a diagnosis of obscure GI bleeding and was taken up for laparotomy. On table, enterotomy and retrograde enteroscopy was performed. There was a lesion over the distal jejunum. That segment of the intestine was resected. The specimen was sent for histopathological examination. The luminal surface of the intestine showed a small, whitish nodule measuring 0.3 cm in diameter. This nodule was noted beneath the mucosa, in the subepithelium. The overlying mucosa was ulcerated. Histopathological examination established the lesion to be of Dieulafoy's. Awareness, careful endoscopy, and histopathological examination are essential to diagnose Dieulafoy's lesion.


Students' learning performance is predicted based on their online learning data, which is of great significance to evaluate the learning effect of school education and the reform and development of online education. In this paper, the characteristics of learning behaviour that constitute the influencing factors of students' achievement are analysed and screened, and then a prediction model based on neural network and intelligent optimization algorithm is proposed. In this paper, the working principle of grey neural network (GNN) is described, the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the parameters, and the performance of the model is tested by simulation experiment. The experimental results show that, compared with the reference model, the prediction model optimized by GA parameters shows good prediction performance, and the prediction accuracy remains at a high level.


The properties of a classic railway track largely depend on the properties of the subgrade, which is most often a natural creation. Atmospheric phenomena (e.g. temperature changes, heavy rainfall) can locally reduce the elasticity of the subgrade and create conditions conducive to permanent track deformation. One of the most common forms of a track fragment destruction is the loss of foundation support (one or several neighbouring sleepers) resulting from the indentation of the ballast material in the subgrade. The pressure of a vehicle passing through a damaged section of the track causes the so-called dynamic track irregularity. The impact of dynamic track vertical irregularity on the values of wheel-rail contact forces of a passing vehicle was investigated. The model of the passenger wagon-track system was created using the VI-Rail tool. The vehicle motion on curves with different values of track radius and superelevations was investigated. Vertical track irregularities occur on the internal rail only. The lengths of the track irregularity correspond to one, two or three sleepers unsupported on one side. The test results are presented in the form of diagrams and referred to applicable standards and regulations.


Residual energy of devices is a key factor to determine whether Internet of Things (IoT) applications can proceed smoothly. Partnership cheating behavior of malicious nodes easily distorts the trust evaluation results only based on the one-to-one relationship between nodes, which greatly reduces the security of data transmission. To balance the excessive energy loss of mobile devices and improve the reliability of data transmission, this article proposes an energy-constrained forwarding scheme based on group trustworthiness between communities (ECF-GT) for mobile IoT, which does everything possible to increase the reliability of data forwarding by improving the accuracy of relay selection. First, it leverages nodal residual energy ratio and two common social attributes between nodes to measure the unidirectional trustworthiness between devices, and constructs the community structure by using our published Dynamic Discovery of Trustworthiness Overlapping Community method. Then, based on the one-to-many, many-to-one, many-to-many trustworthiness between nodes and/or communities, a group dynamic trustworthiness assessment method is proposed to enhance the reliability of evaluating relays. Finally, ECF-GT combines nodal residual energy and group trustworthiness to design forwarding utilities and rules. The experimental results show the effectiveness of ECF-GT. For example, when the number of malicious nodes accounts for 25% of the total number of nodes, ECF-GT can save about 17.3% energy on average comparing to other three well-known forwarding models on Reality dataset.


Tetrafluoroborate salt, and, in combination 2 solvent eutectic mixture of ethylene carbonate and 1 solvent, the high-concentration electrolyte salt consisting of a carbon electrode is improved, and electricity has an operating voltage of up to 4.5V a chemical device, an electrochemical device is preferably a capacitor. .FIELD 4A


Elastic properties, total formation energies and cell parameters of B-C structures are studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. A well tested empirical Tersoff interatomic potentialfor simulation using a General Utility Lattice program (GULP). The results are compared with the available experimental results for Diamond and BC5. The work is extended to the study of B-C-N materials. We compare with available experimental results for BN and BC2N . The Bulk Modulus, Shear Modulus, Young's Modulus and Elastic constants are obtained strongly implying hardness comparable to that of diamond. The Novel B-C and B-C-N material are proposed to be ultra-hard materials with different chemical and electrical properties from those of diamond and with potentially very useful application such as advanced abrasives, high temperature electronics and semiconductors.


We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the di-exchange spin waves in layered structures constituted by permalloy(30 nm)/Cu(10 nm)/permalloy ($d$)/Cu(10 nm)/permalloy (30 nm), which differ by the variable thickness $d$ of the middle permalloy film (with $d=15$, 30, 60 nm). Both the plane layered films and two sets of stripes having widths of 150 and 400 nm were studied. The spin-wave dispersions (frequency vs wave vector) were measured by Brillouin light scattering and the experimental data interpreted using a microscopic (Hamiltonian-based) theory that takes into account the magnetic dipole-dipole and exchange interactions within each stripe and the dipole-dipole coupling between stripes of the stack. Overall, good agreement is found, showing that modes of the layered films constituted by surface dipolar and exchange-dominated waves give rise to complicated spectra in the case of layered stripes because of the lateral confinement. The role of the middle-layer thickness $d$ in the determination of the perpendicular profile of the spin modes is analyzed in detail.


ABSTRACT Experiments have been performed by D.S.C, on emulsified materials such as water, aqueous saline solutions, metals and organic compounds. During the cooling-heating cycle following the preparation of the emulsion,the droplets crystallize around the temperature T* θ'>T'). In particular the onset time during which no crystallizations are observed Is shortened. Different possible mechanisms are presented and analyzed. In the model retained, nucleation Is supposed to occur at the su...


That the data obtained in the experiment in question (Deregowski, 1971) could have been further analysed using information theory techniques-I admit. That they should have been so analysed-I deny. I do so for the following reason: The experiment was intended to contrast two approaches to the problem of symmetry, therefore the critical measure used needs to be acceptable to both approaches; a perfectly correct response fulfils this desideratum. When two independent theories of description of a characteristic, each with its own scaling system, are being compared and one does not know how the scales relate to each other, along their entire lengths, nor how each of them relates to the value of the absolute characteristic (if one knew this one could, obviously, deduce the relationship between the scales) the only legitimate comparisons possible are at those values of the absolute characteristic at which both of the relationships between the scales are known. At any other value the unknown relationship between the scales makes such a comparison impossible. (Use of both scales may enable one to discover the relationship between them-this, however, was not the issue.) One can view this argument from another stance. If the assessment of correctness of a reproduction of a pattern be operationally defined by a measurement theory, and two such theories exist and the relationship between them is not known, then such theories cannot be compared, by deriving a set of measurement of stimuli in terms of one of these theories. In the experiment discussed, both the Gestalt theory and the information measurement concepts are considered. One does not know how the two theories are related but one knows that a perfect reproduction is regarded as a correct response by both the Gestalt and the Information theory standards. Once one departs from this point and considers other than perfect responses the two measures differ. Consider Figure I showing possible results.


Cleft in fossil skull suggests solution to a long-standing mystery: shoulder tissue evolved from gill arches Cleft in fossil skull suggests solution to a long-standing mystery: shoulder tissue evolved from gill arches


Effective storage, processing and analyzing of power device condition monitoring data faces enormous challenges. A framework is proposed that can support both MapReduce and Graph for massive monitoring data analysis at the same time based on Aliyun DTplus platform. First, power device condition monitoring data storage based on MaxCompute table and parallel permutation entropy feature extraction based on MaxCompute MapReduce are designed and implemented on DTplus platform. Then, Graph based k-means algorithm is implemented and used for massive condition monitoring data clustering analysis. Finally, performance tests are performed to compare the execution time between serial program and parallel program. Performance is analyzed from CPU cores consumption, memory utilization and parallel granularity. Experimental results show that the designed framework and parallel algorithms can efficiently process massive power device condition monitoring data.


Each implementation way of the invention relates to a method and a system for copying a memory. In one implementation way of the invention, a method for copying the memory is provided, and the method comprises the steps of: in response to a received command for copying the memory, decoding the command into at least a microcode; aiming at each microcode of the at least one microcode, converting the microcode into a reading-writing command, and informing a memory controller of carrying out the reading-writing command, wherein the reading-writing command is carried out by the memory controller and at least comprises a physic source address associated with the reading-writing command, a physic destination address and a reading-writing length. In another implementation way of the invention, a system for copying the memory is provided.


It has been known for a long time that the characteristics of the liquefaction solvent has a profound effect on direct coal liquefaction. The amount of hydrogen consumed during the liquefaction process, the degree and quantity of retrograde reactions that occur, and the quality of the liquid products are all influenced by the process solvent. A number of analytical approaches have been developed to determine the important characteristics of the solvent for coal liquefaction. The hydrogen donor ability has clearly been important. However, such other characteristics of a liquefaction solvent as solubility parameter, content and type of higher aromatic hydrocarbons, and phenolic content have also been found to be significant. Finseth et al. have shown that the bulk of the hydrogen consumed from an uncatalyzed donor solvent liquefaction above 400{degrees}C is consumed in gas generation, heteroatom removal and hydrogenolysis of the coal matrix. Wilson et al. have also shown that the major role of hydrogen in uncatalyzed liquefaction is consumed by alkyl fission and hydrogenolysis reactions and not with hydrogenating aromatic rings. McMillan et al. have postulated that a radical hydrogen transfer process along with donor solvent capping of thermally produced radicals from the coal as possible processes involved withmore » the hydroaromatic donor solvents in coal liquefaction. With the development of a short contact time batch reactor (SCTBR), determining the influence of the processing solvent on the liquefaction rates, conversion profiles and the quality of the liquid product at a particular time became possible. The influence of type of solvent, combined with other effects, such as gas atmosphere (i.e., in hydrogen and in nitrogen) and catalyst, on the coal liquefaction is reported in this paper.« less


The reasons for the selection, and considerations in the implementation, of high-speed induction motors and variable-frequency drives for a compressor station in an unmanned installation on a gas pipeline are presented. The selection options relevant to the application are reviewed: gas turbine versus motor driver, high-speed motor versus conventional motor, and induction versus synchronous motor. Design features of the major system components are discussed, including the power system, compressor, motor, and variable-frequency drive. Testing and commissioning results are described.<<ETX>>


The design for multifunctional two-dimensional (2D) materials is considered as one of the main strategies to expand its application. Here, we propose that the already-synthesized organometallic lat...


Article describing the discovery of the element gallium. The authors travel to sites pertinent to the history of gallium, including the home and laboratory of its discoverer and the location from which it was procured.


There has been much written about when to employ parenteral nutrition (PN) in patients who cannot be provided with what is considered adequate nutrition via an oral and/or nasoenteric tube route This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Applications for 2-D materials range from microchip components to superthin and flexible solar panels and display screens, among a growing list of possible uses. But because their fundamental structure is inherently tiny, they can be tricky to manufacture and measure, and to match with other materials. So while 2-D materials R&D is on the rise, there are still many unknowns about how to isolate, enhance, and manipulate their most desirable qualities.


Macroscopic plasma polarization, which is created by gravitation and other mass-acting (inertial) forces in massive astrophysical objects (MAOs), is under discussion. A non-ideality effect due to strong Coulomb interaction of charged particles is introduced into consideration as a new source of such polarization. A simplified situation of a totally equilibrium isothermal star without relativistic effects and influence of magnetic field is considered. The study is based on a density functional approach combined with a 'local density approximation'. It leads to conditions of constancy for generalized (electro) chemical potentials and/or conditions of equilibrium for the forces acting on each charged species. A new 'non-ideality force' appears in this consideration. Hypothetical sequences of gravitational, inertial and non-ideality polarization on thermo- and hydrodynamics of MAO are under discussion.


A stochastic theory of line shape is considered for describing molecular reorientational processes in liquids. The theory takes into account both secular and nonsecular terms in the interaction Hamiltonian. A general solution for the line shape is given in a matrix form by assuming a Markovian modulation for the random process. The usefulness of the theory is demonstrated by doing perturbation theory calculations in the motionally narrowed limit. A resolvent-operator technique is employed for collecting higher-order terms in perturbation theory. Two models for molecular motion, (i) rotational diffusion and (ii) strong-collision approximation, are treated and their predictions compared. In the case of the rotational-diffusion model, the results are illustrated by considering a g-tensor interaction in liquids. Expressions for line width and shift are given up to fourth order in perturbation theory, and a detailed comparison is made with the existing theories.


Learning at home is not a new phenomenon in the United States. Throughout American history, parents have assumed the responsibility of teaching their children practical skills to assist them with daily life. The advent of public school codes during the mid-1800s instituted compulsory education and required children to attend school at designated institutions of learning. These mandatory attendance laws caused the decline of learning at home as American families began to rely on public schools to educate their children. It was not until educational reform movements of the 1970s and 1980s called for school improvement that parents once again began to consider homeschooling as an option.

Keywords:

alternative educational settings;
child;
children;
colonial education;
compulsory attendance;
education;
home education;
homeschooling;
parental involvement in education


Does a current controversial issue become part of th studies curriculum in a context where the media focus largely on the issue? A study explored this question through surveys and in-depth interviews that investigated K-12 social studies teachers' perspectives on the incorporation of current controversial issues into the curriculum. A total of 468 surveys were mailed to middle and secondary social studies teachers in 48 states. The survey asked if respondents had taught about the Clinton impeachment proceedings during at least two class periods. Teachers who had done so were asked to respond to six open-ended, short answer questions; teachers who responded in the negative were asked to explain why they had not addressed this topic in their classes. Additionally, respondents were asked to check one or more of 11 statements that applied to their views of teaching controversial issues and current events. Over half of the teachers responded that they had taught about the Clinton impeachment for at least the minimum time required on the survey. For all teachers in grades 5-12, the overwhelming reason for not teaching the impeachment was that it was not relevant to the content of the curriculum. A second study involving an interview extended what had been examined in the first study by exploring in-depth the views of teachers about controversial issues. (Contains 14 references.) (BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.


India is the 2 largest fruits producer after china. The cultivated land resources is reducing day by day. Green-Revolution gives a direction to developing countries for self-dependendency in food production. Plant requirement is macro nutrients and micro nutrients which are required for the crops production Nutrients is one of crucial element of plant for sustainable agriculture production. The production of crop is largely based on the fertilizer's types used to supplement of nutrients to plants. The behavior of chemical fertilizer, organic manure and bio fertilizers is unique and each of fertilizer has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of growth, development of plants, soil fertility & productivity. The balanced nutrients application of fertilizers must ensure towards the protection of soil heath, the ecological system and least pollution, therefore, a nutrition approach that integrates the use of synthetic, organic manures and bio fertilizers required to be developed for the sustainable agriculture


The mechanical behavior and performance of polymer matrix composites and ceramic matrix composites are generally viewed to be very different. Here, commonalties in the two systems in terms of damage modes, damage initiation and damage multiplication are delineated. It is shown that similar mechanistic models can be applied to predict damage initiation and moduli reductions due to damage in both systems. Similarities also exist between the fatigue behavior of ceramic and polymer based composites.


Use of membrane-based oxygen-enrichment in diesel engine can improve its performances greatly.This paper introduces the principle of membrane-based oxygen-enrichment and the parameters design requirements of properties in use for diesel engine.Furthermore,by establishing models of combustion and emission,it describes the feasibilities about using membrane-based oxygen-enrichment on diesel engine through a theoretical analysis in models,which is based on the theory of computational combustion for diesel engines.


Abstract The electric arc furnace steelmaking (EFS) process comprising an energy intensive multimetallic smelting reactor essentially meets its metallics and energy requirement with scrap and electrical energy respectively. Scrap, which leads to a substantial increase in tramp elements in steel has now been augmented by alternate metallics: hot briquetted iron, pig iron, hot metal and directly reduced iron (DRI). The melting characteristics of these alternate metallics are quite different from the melting of scrap owing to their shape, specific heat and chemical compositions. Of these metallics, the metallurgical properties of DRI are far more known and predictable. The EFS process evolution has increasingly placed emphasis on the use of DRI in its input charge mix. The present paper attempts to simulate some of the essential features of energy dynamics involving metallurgical aspects of DRI smelting in EFS. It examines the influence of DRI usage as an alternate iron bearing metallic on the energy consumption of EFS. The results have been validated with actual plant data of one of the electric arc furnaces of Usha Martin Industries Ltd, operating a steel plant in Jamshedpur in eastern India. The process data nearly validate the model predictions and aid the understanding of the dependence of the energy dynamics on various metallics characteristics in electric furnace steelmaking.


Introduction: Plastic waste is considered one of the common vital waste problems in developing countries such as Indonesia. One proposed alternative way to reduce plastic waste is by reusing and recycling it into bricks. Eco-bricks are a form of recycled plastic waste that can be used as an alternative building construction material. Unfortunately, manufacturing workers do not ergonomically perform this work during their working hours. Therefore, it causes inappropriate body postures and leads to musculoskeletal disorders easily. This study intends to identify the posture of workers in the manufacture of eco-bricks in Indonesia
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done with purposively selected 32 eco-bricks workers from 10 waste bank communities in Central Java and Yogyakarta. Sampling was done by snowball method. This research was conducted by interviewing and collecting data on body complaints using a Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire.
Results: All respondents (100%) experienced musculoskeletal disorder complaints while producing eco-bricks. Based on the results gained from the Nordic Body Map Questionnaire, the common complaints perceived by eco-bricks workers are upper neck, lower neck, back, waist, buttock, and bottom. In addition, workers also perceived complaints on the right side of the body, particularly the right shoulder, right upper arm, right elbow, right lower arm, right wrist, and right hand
Conclusion: Working postures that are not well-organized in terms of ergonomics during the production process of eco-bricks will provoke complaints on the limbs caused by the continuous load on the muscles on the right side of the body.


0. Introduction Pacoh is a Mon-Khmer language spoken in the mountains west of Hue, South Viet Nam and extending across the border into Laos. It has been classified by Dr. Thomas as Katuic. It is completely surrounded by Katuic languages except for Vietnamese on the eastern coastland. Pacoh is of special interest because its use of affixation is more extensive than most languages of mainland South East Asia. Affixation is also essential to the derivation of the numeral systems described in this paper. It was hoped that this paper could cover more of the Katuic family, but for the present it will only be possible to attach an appendix of partial systems from other Katuic languages.


0146 IMMUNIZATION WITH HEAT-KILLED MYCOBACTERIUM VACCAE INCREASES TOTAL SLEEP AND REM SLEEP, AND CHANGES NREM ARCHITECTURE IN MICE Bowers SJ, Olker CJ, Song E, Wright KP, Fleshner M, Lowry CA, Vitaterna MH, Turek FW Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO


A concerted effort is being made within the EU to crack down on money laundering. This is reflected by both the European Money Laundering Directives, which have led to changes in the UK legislation, in particular the Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Transfer of Funds (Information on the Payer) Regulations (MLR). Solicitors are usually unwittingly involved in a money laundering scheme. They can avoid this by being conversant with the requirements of the money laundering legislation and fully complying with it. This chapter explains the process of money laundering; the primary legislation and offences; and the relevance of the legislation to solicitors.


Much of the analysis of international norms has focused on norm diffusion at the systemic level.This study argues that such analyses based on neo-realism, neo-liberal institutionalism, and constructivism have two major shortcomings. One is that they pay much attention to successful cases of norm diffusion, but neglect failed ones.The other is that they fail to examine the linkage between international norms and domestic structures in the processes of norm diffusion. By neglecting this linkage, systemic-level studies cannot clarify specific mechanisms and process through which international norms reach the domestic arena.This study stresses that domestic structures, in particular cultural and political structures, are the key factors allowing international norm diffusion at the domestic level. Analyzing Japan's refusal to accept an anti-whaling norm, this paper argues that these domestic structures have served as filters to block the emergence and acceptance of this norm in Japan.


The distribution and ecology of centipedes in Norrland (the northern part of Sweden) are investigated. The material comprises about 1200 samples from 926 different localities, most of it collected in a special faunistic and ecological survey. Some problems in the analysis of the material of this survey are pointed out. In Norrland ten species are found outdoors and another seven species occur indoors in the area. The geographical distribution and the constancy for different habitat factors for the seven common outdoor species are shown.


The utility model discloses an automobile position indicator for preventing signal source frequency drift, comprising a navigator shell, a navigator circuit board, a display screen and an intelligent dehumidifier, wherein the navigator circuit board is arranged in the navigator shell; the display screen is arranged at the front of the navigator shell; the intelligent dehumidifier is connected with a navigator power source; the intelligent dehumidifier comprises a humidity inductor, a signal input end, a control center, a signal output end, a fan and/or a heater; the control center is respectively connected with the humidity inductor, the signal input end, the signal output end and the fan; the intelligent dehumidifier also includes a heater; and the heater is connected with the control center. The intelligent dehumidification navigator can intelligently control according to the temperature of the navigator, and can dehumidify intermittently, thus prolonging the service life of the navigator and saving electric energy. The automobile position indicator for preventing signal source frequency drift can be widely applied to the automobile navigational instrument devices.


OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of miR-139-5p and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in acute lung injury in septic mice. METHOD: A total of 140 healthy male SPF C57BL/6 mice were divided into seven groups, i.e., Normal, Control, NC, miR-139-5p mimic, miR-139-5p inhibitor, TAK-242, and miR-139-5p inhibitor+TAK-242 groups. The levels of miR-139-5p, proteins related to the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway (TLR4, MyD88, and p-NF-κB p50), and MPO, SOD, GSH, and MDA in lung tissue were measured. The lung tissue wet-to-dry mass ratio (W/D), arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) were measured. RESULTS: A web-based bioinformatic tool predicted that MyD88 was a target of miR-139-5p, which was verified by a dual luciferase reporter assay. Compared with those in the Normal group, the levels of miR-139-5p, PaO2, SOD, and GSH were significantly lower, while those of TLR4, MyD88, p-NF-κB p50, W/D, PaCO2, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, and MDA were higher in all other groups. Moreover, compared with their levels in the Control group, these indicators exhibited contrasting results in the miR-139-5p mimic and TAK-242 groups, but were similar in the miR-139-5p inhibitor group. In the miR-139-5p inhibitor+TAK-242 group, acute lung injury, aggravated by miR-139-5p inhibitor, was partially rescued by TAK-242. CONCLUSION: miR-139-5p inhibits the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway to alleviate acute lung injury in septic mice.


Quantum coherence effects in degenerate cascade three-level atom subject to magnetic field are investigated.One-photon EIT,two-photon EIT and two-photon EIA are obtained,due to the coherence between the drive Rabi frequency and Zeeman splitting.


and priorities for the ethnic communities. This creates a boundary between western theory and practice of family therapy and its applicability to non-western cultures (Bott and Hodes 1989- Kinzie et al 1972). In such communities, traditions and rules governing family life and sources of family and com-munal authority often have strong religious underpinnings. Many ethnic communities are also reli-gious communities. For example, the religious leader or Rabbi of an orthodox Jewish community often wields considerable personal and community authority. His views on a particular family issue may well carry more weight than those coming from the secular organisation that the family therapist rep-resents, especially where those views appear to be in conflict. Families strive to preserve their group values, identity and coherence while participating in the challenges and opportunities offered by a largely secular British society. It is the women who are still to a large extent the tradition carriers and are expected to socialise children to take on these group determined norms. In Jewish families for example, home observance of religious ritual (e.g. the light-ing of Shabbat candles) -.largely a woman' function, whereas men play the more dominant role in public worship and in the community. The 1983 report of the Research Unit Board of Deputies of British Jews on the Anglo-Jewish Community in Redbridge, Essex, found high levels of home ob-servance by women to be correlated with the presence of children in the household and the desire to transmit Jewish values and knowledge to children. This chapter will first describe some aspects of the traditional family and then go on to explore how family therapists to a western European cultural tradition can best manage the differences be-tween their own values and those of non-western European ethno-cultural traditions. In my view the only way to work with ethnic families is through an understanding and respect for traditional religious and cultural values (McGoldrick 1982; Weiselberg 1992). This does not mean, however, that one col-ludes with abusive practices such as childhood prostitution, slavery, female circumcision, and suttee - affecting the lives of women and children where women in these communities define the practice as abusive. The point in therapy is to work within the meaning systems of the client in order to empower through making informed choices available.


A comparative case study approach is adopted to examine three separate instances in the late 1950s, late 1970s and 2000 onwards when widespread discontent over declining literacy and numeracy standards among students led to revised educational policy initiatives in New Zealand. It is observed that the furore over the alleged decline has always been based on accusations of curricular change towards a liberal education or political interference in the educational system, citing that contemporary standards should not be compared with an imagined high educational standard of the past.


Abstract Background Gastrointestinal route is considered for feeding in subjects who are unable to swallow, either as a temporary or permanent option. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the preferred mode for long-term enteral nutrition. The aim was to study the outcome of protocol-based PEG placement in a tertiary medical center. Materials and Methods All the patients who underwent PEG placement between January 2017 and December 2019 were included in the retrospective study. Study variables were entered into a uniform structured proforma. The procedure was done by two people using Ponsky-Gauderer pull-technique. Fluoroscopy guidance was considered for placement in special situations. Post-procedure, all the patients were regularly followed as per protocol to evaluate for adverse events. Results One hundred and eighteen patients with placement of PEG were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 49.6 ± 7 years with 67.8% males. The most common indication of PEG was inability to swallow associated with head injury (43, 36.4%), followed by carcinoma esophagus (35, 29.8%) and stroke (24, 20.3%). Fluoroscopy was useful in 38 (32%) for PEG site identification. Tube dislodgement (16, 13.5%) and aspiration pneumonia (20, 16.9%) were the common adverse events. Age more than 60 years and dysphagia in neurologic disorders accounted for more than 60% of adverse events. Forty-nine (42%) of the PEG patients expired due to either primary illness or due to sepsis after a median time of 139 days (range: 32–288 days). There was no difference in the survival in patients with or without PEG-related complications (p = 0. 74). Conclusions Fluoroscopy assistance helps in accurate PEG placement in one third. Age > 60 years and dysphagia in neurologic disorders were independent risk factors associated with PEG tube complications.


Introduction The boreal regions are characterised by strong seasonal cycles of both emissions and photochemical activity. The southern parts of the areas between the latitudes 60°N and 70°N are densely forested and even in the very north the land is covered by vegetation. The population is sparse and the anthropogenic activities relatively few and scattered. Thus, in contrast with the industrialised Central European areas, the emission patterns of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are often dominated by biogenic emissions (e.g. Guenther et al, 1995, Simpson et al., 1995).


The utility model discloses an inkless ecological hot-baking print head device which comprises an armature, a print pin, a driving mechanism, a return spring, a support plate and a guide plate, wherein the print pin penetrates the support plate, and the upper end of the print pin is fixed on the armature; and the driving mechanism and the return spring implement the printing of the print pin. The device is characterized in that a heating element is further comprised for heating the print pin. The device needs no ink powder, ink or coating, except for a piece of common print paper, and the print effect can be realized through hot-baking. The device has excellent low carbon energy saving effect and social benefits.


ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to first express my deepest gratitude to my advisor, Dr.Dereje Agonafer. His patience, encouragement, and in-depth knowledge in the engineering field have provided invaluable input into completing the project. I also want to thank Dr. A.Haji-Sheikh and Dr. Kent Lawrence for taking the time to review this thesis and being a part of my thesis committee.


The break event point is a certain amount of production that the company must achieve to reach the break-even point (no profit and / no loss). Margin of safety is the amount of production required so that the company does not suffer losses. The determination of the margin of safety is closely related to the break event point, where the margin of safety is at one level above the break event point in terms of determining the minimum sales required. Both of these are some of the instruments that can be used to plan profits. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of break event point analysis at PT. Beton Jaya Manunggal, knowing the application of margin of safety analysis and to determine profit planning at PT. Jaya Manunggal Concrete. This study uses a non-statistical quantitative approach. The data used in this study is secondary data through PT. Manunggal Jaya Concrete in 2014-2018. The analysis method uses the least square method to plan the net profit of PT. Beton Jaya Manunggal in 2019 with reference to the net sales plan. The result of this research is the break event point of PT. Beton Jaya Manunggal in 2014 – 2018 showed a positive trend with the break event point being above the current year's production during 2015 – 2016. Margin of safety PT. Beton Jaya Manunggal in 2014 – 2018 showed an upward trend with negative margins throughout 2015 – 2016. Profit planning using least squares with reference to net sales planning is quite accurate considering that there is only a difference of 2% above net sales recorded in the 2019 financial statements. Net profit PT. Beton Jaya Manunggal was recorded in 2019 at 1.3 billion Rupiah so that profit planning was not carried out based on the consideration that the recorded profit was less or showed a downward trend when compared to the net profit trend in 2014 – 2018.


The terminological clarifications provided at the outset of the EAPC Ethics Task Force's Statement are relevant, not only for a proper understanding of the EAPC Task Force's position itself, but also for shedding light on significant ambiguities underlying the current euthanasia debate. I agree with the idea that the often-adduced distinctions between `voluntary', `nonvoluntary' and ìnvoluntary' euthanasia, as well as the distinction between `active' and `passive' euthanasia should be rejected, as they only serve to introduce conceptual confusions in this debate. But, in my opinion, the Statement would benefit from a more cogent foundation of this rejection, especially in the case of the distinction between so-called `active' and `passive' euthanasia. Arguments in favour of so-called `passive euthanasia' tend to stress the importance of avoiding a medicalization of death'. Nevertheless, to argue that it is morally justified to omit certain medical interventions in order to allow a person to die with dignity is not equivalent to supporting so-called `passive euthanasia'. Intentionally hastening a person's death by omitting some medical interventions (`passive euthanasia') is conceptually different from omitting disproportionate medical interventions with the intention not to postpone death. Indeed, from a moral point of view, an essential dist inction can be made between these two acts. The act of withholding or withdrawing disproportionate treatments (because they are disproportionate) is morally different from the act of omitting treatments with the `active' intention to hasten death. This leads me organically to a second aspect of the EAPC Task Force's Statement that would need further precision, namely the proposition that neither withholding nor withdrawing futile treatments can be considered as euthanasia. Nobody would deny that futile treatments should not be implemented. But to define therapeutic utility/ futility is a difficult task. This concept has been widely explored in medical literature. Schneiderman, 4 for instance, based on a distinction between benefits and effects, proposes a patient's benefit-centered definition of medical futility. But his conception of clinical futility excessively emphasizes the patient's conscious experience of benefit. And medical evidence shows that the subjective perception of the benefits of a given therapy is not a necessary condition for its objective utilit y. A proper understanding of the concept of medical futility should combine both qualitative and quantitative elements. Thus, with Christensen I would rather suggest to make a distinction between absolute, statistica l and disproportionate futility. Absolute futility refers to those interventions that are completely ineffective in physiological terms. Statistical futility expresses the low probability of a specific measure to achieve a given goal. The expression disproportionate futility qualifies a value-laden decision to abstain from a certain medical intervention / in spite of its eventual low statistica l probability of achieving an immediate beneficial therapeutic effect / because this would not substantially modify the prognosis of unavoidable death. This relevant distinction underlies the ethical principle of therapeutic proportionality, which states the moral obligation to implement only those medical interventions that fulfil a relationship of due proportion between the means to be employed and the pursued end. Medical interventions that do not fulfil this relationship are considered to be `disproportionate' (also referred to as `extraordinary') and can be regarded as morally nonobligatory. But obviously, the concept of utility does not exclusively refer to the goal of restoring health. To preserve or enhance a patient's comfort and general wellbeing, and to prevent other diseases or complications of an incurable condition are also desirable goals of medical interventions, especially in the case of palliative care. There is a third point of the Statement that may be misleading if the text is not read carefully. This is the idea that t̀erminal sedation' is not equal to euthanasia. Not infrequently, the practice of t̀erminal sedation' goes along with so-called t̀erminal dehydration'. And the combination of both may be equivalent to euthanasia. An eventual misunderstanding of the EAPC Task Force's position with regard to this relevant point is prevented by stressing the importance of initiating adequate hydration and nutrition in those patients who need to be heavily sedated. My last point refers to the very concept of euthanasia. Traditionally, the concept of euthanasia has been linked to the idea of an act motivated by the desire to alleviate suffering. In the definition proposed by the EAPC Task Force this idea is completely absent. Even though I do not agree with those suggesting that euthanasia can be justified as an act of compassion, I do think that this reference to the subjective motivation of alleviating Palliative Medicine 2003; 17: 134 /135


The Message Disposition Notification (MDN) facility defined in RFC 2298 provides a means by which a message can request that message processing by the recipient be acknowledged as well as a format to be used for such acknowledgements. However, it doesn't describe how multiple Mail User Agents (MUAs) should handle the generation of MDNs in an Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP4) environment.


The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a web-based computer-assisted education (CO-ED) system versus searching the Internet for learning about hypertension. Twenty-two older adults (age 45+) in Baltimore, MD were enrolled. Analysis of pre- and post- knowledge scores indicates a significant (15%) improvement among CO-ED users as opposed to Internet users.


In underwater acoustics multipath propagation is a frequent Occurrence and the difference in the time of arriv;il between the various multipaths can provide source localization information if an acoustic propagation model is av;dable. If such multipath arrivals are measured on a sensor one direct way to estimate the time delay is to correlate the signal with itself. In many measurement situations, however, sources are in motion and the source motion can significantly degrade the correlator output since the time delay varies during the correlator integration time[ 11. In this paper we propose a novel way of modelling the sound field of moving sources in multipath and/or multi-sensor measurement environments using a concept which has been termed the 'covariance-equivalent model'l 51 and derive a maximum likelihood(M1) time-delay ebtimotion algorithm from the model which does not suffer from the correlation degradation due to source motion. 2 Covariance-equivalent modelling of a random sound field due to a moving source. In order to demonstrate how the covariance equivalent model may be used to describe a nonstationary random sound field due to a moving source we consider a relatively simple sound field generated by linear creation of mass and externally applied forces.


Part I: Lie groups and Lie algebras: Dynkin and Lie theory by G. M. Seitz On the work of E. B. Dynkin in the theory of Lie groups by F. I. Karpelevich, A. L. Onishchik, and E. B. Vinberg Correction to On the work of E. B. Dynkin in the theory of Lie groups by F. I. Karpelevich, A. L. Onishchik, and E. B. Vinberg Classification of simple Lie groups by E. B. Dynkin Calculation of the coefficients in the Campbell-Hausdorff formula by E. B. Dynkin The maximal subgroups of the classical groups by E. B. Dynkin Comments on Maximal subgroups of the classical groups by A. L. Onishchik Semisimple subalgebras of semisimple Lie algebras by E. B. Dynkin Comments on the paper Semisimple subalgebras of semisimple Lie algebras by A. L. Onishchik Construction of primitive cycles in compact Lie groups by E. B. Dynkin Topological characteristics of homomorphisms of compact Lie groups by E. B. Dynkin Comments on the paper Topological characteristics of homomorphisms of compact Lie groups by A. L. Onishchik Dynkin and modern Lie theory by B. Kostant Comments on the impact of Dynkin's work on current research in representation theory by D. A. Vogan, Jr. Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams and singularities by A. Gabrielov Lie groups in physics by K. Gottfried Dynkin diagrams in the physics of particles, fields and strings by Y. Ne'eman Part II: Probability theory: Dynkin and probability theory by A. A. Yushkevich Necessary and sufficient statistics for a family of probability distributions by E. B. Dynkin Some limit theorems for sums of independent random variables with infinite mathematical expectations by E. B. Dynkin Markov processes and semigroups of operators by E. B. Dynkin Strong Markov processes by E. B. Dynkin and A. A. Yushkevich Infinitesimal operators of Markov processes by E. B. Dynkin The natural topology and excessive functions connected with a Markov process by E. B. Dynkin Random walk on groups with a finite number of generators by E. B. Dynkin and M. B. Malyutov The optimum choice of the instant for stopping a Markov process by E. B. Dynkin Brownian motion in certain symmetric spaces and nonnegative eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator by E. B. Dynkin Diffusion of tensors by E. B. Dynkin Game variant of a problem on optimal stopping by E. B. Dynkin Determining functions of Markov processes and corresponding dual regular classes by E. B. Dynkin and S. E. Kuznetsov Economic equilibrium under uncertainty by E. B. Dynkin Comments on Economic equilibrium under uncertainty by I. V. Evstigneev Markov processes and random fields by E. B. Dynkin Green's and Dirichlet spaces associated with fine Markov processes by E. B. Dynkin Markov processes as a tool in field theory by E. B. Dynkin Symmetric statistics, Poisson point processes, and multiple Wiener integrals by E. B. Dynkin and A. Mandelbaum Gaussian and non-Gaussian random fields associated with Markov processes by E. B. Dynkin Author's correction to Guassian and non-Gaussian random fields associated with Markov processes. by E. B. Dynkin An application of flows to time shift and time reversal in stochastic processes by E. B. Dynkin Author's comments on An application of flows to time shift and time reversal in stochastic processes by E. B. Dynkin Representation for functionals of superprocesses by multiple stochastic integrals, with applications to self-intersection local times by E. B. Dynkin A probabilistic approach to one class of nonlinear differential equations by E. B. Dynkin Superdiffusions and parabolic nonlinear differential equations by E. B. Dynkin Comments on Superdiffusions and parabolic nonlinear differential equations by S. E. Kuznetsov Dynkin and the theory of Markov processes by P. A. Meyer To the history of strong Markov property by A. A. Yushkevich On compactifications of symmetric spaces by M. A. Olshanetsky Dynkin's contributions to superprocesses and partial differential equations by J.-F. Le Gall Dynkin's work in mathematical economics by I. V. Evstigneev Acknowledgments.


Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are the key technology supporting the intelligent transportation system (ITS), which is composed of vehicle nodes with wireless communication capability and roadside infrastructures. One of the obstacles is how to use batch verification to verify signatures simultaneously. To solve the problem of low verification efficiency in VANETs. This paper defines the problem and proposes an early-stopping factorial bitwise divisions (EFBD) algorithm. The proposed parallel-friendly algorithm achieves better performance in both theory and practice at low invalid signatures rate. Especially, in the parallel condition, the proposed algorithm costs only one aggregation-verification delay when the number of invalid signatures is 1.


Efficiency of the laser radiation energy transport into the shock wave generated in layered planar targets (consisting of massive Cu over coated by thin CH layer) was investigated. The targets were irradiated using two laser pulses. The 1ω pulse with the energy of ∼50 J produced a pre-plasma, imitating the corona of the pre-compressed inertial confinement fusion target. The second main pulse used the 1ω or 3ω laser harmonics with the energy of ∼200 J. The influence of the pre-plasma on parameters of the shock wave was determined from the crater volume measurements and from the electron density distribution measured by 3-frame interferometry. The experimental results show that the energy transport by fast electrons provides a definite contribution to the dynamics of the ablative process, to the shock wave generation, and to the ablation pressure in dependence on the target irradiation conditions. The strong influence of the pre-plasma on the investigated process was observed in the 1ω case. Theoretical analysis supports the explanation of experimental results.


Chronic Myeloid Leukemia is a stem cell clonal disease with an annual incidence of 1-1.5 per 100,000 persons. Median age of presentation is around 50 to 60 years in the western part of the world [1]. It is characterized by the translocation between chromosome 9 and 22 resulting in fusion gene BCR-ABL that forms the basis of pathogenecity of CML [2-3]. Philadelphia chromosome was first discovered by Nowell and Hungerford in 1960 Abstract


This study was commissioned by the Division of Electric Energy Systems (EES), Department of Energy (DOE) shortly after the July 13, 1977 New York City Blackout. The objectives were two-fold: to assess the availability and collect, where practical, data pertaining to a wide variety of impacts occurring as a result of the blackout; and to broadly define a framework to assess the value of electric power reliability from consideration of the blackout and its effects on individuals, businesses, and institutions. The impacts were complex and included both economic and social costs. In order to systematically classify the most significant of these impacts and provide guidance for data collection, impact classification schemes were developed. Major economic impact categories examined are business; government; utilities (Consolidated Edison); insurance industry; public health services; and other public services. Impacts were classified as either direct or indirect depending upon whether the impact was due to a cessation of electricity or a response to that cessation. The principal economic costs of the blackout are shown. Social impacts, i.e., the changes in social activities and adaptations to these changes were particularly significant in New York due to its unique demographic and geographic characteristics. The looting and arson thatmore » accompanied the blackout set aside the NYC experience from other similar power failures. (MCW)« less


In this work, the effect of the addition of Bi combined with T6 treatment on microstructure and tensile properties of Sr‐modified Al–15Mg2Si–3Cu composite is investigated. The results show that the refinement effect of Sr on primary Mg2Si is further enhanced via the combined addition of Bi. Interestingly, the truncated octahedral primary Mg2Si with the smallest size (11.5 μm) is obtained by adding 0.1% Sr and 1% Bi, which is distinctly different from the cubic shape modified by single 0.1% Sr. Consequently, as a precursor with strong diffusion of Mg and Si atoms during T6 treatment, the truncated octahedral primary Mg2Si is completely transformed into spherical morphology with the highest sphericity (0.92) solution treated at 500 °C for 6 h. Additionally, further results reveal that the co‐modification of Sr + Bi is more efficient not only in promoting the spheroidization of primary Mg2Si, but also obtaining the fine dot‐like eutectic Mg2Si than single modification of Sr or Bi. As a result, the tensile strength and elongation are significantly enhanced to 374 MPa and 4.75%, respectively. Thereby, this work offers an alternative co‐modification system combined with T6 treatment to synthesize the spherical primary Mg2Si, which is helpful to prepare the high performance Al–Mg2Si composite.


The paper conveys the importance of understanding ambiguity in Chinese and English communication. It classifies ambiguity into the accidental one, the natural disclosure of the contradiction in the structures, and the deliberate one, the active use of this contradiction by the speakers. The different solution of the positive and negative facets in language with the help of this classification is sure to promise successful communication. The paper also discusses the ambiguity in Chinese from phonetics, morphology, syntax, and the sense and reason of language.


Evapotranspiration ( ET ) rates from irrigated rice differ across environments and cultivars. To quantify these differences, we developed a computational model for prediction of crop ET of irrigated rice from meteorological variables and crop parameters. The model was based on a generalized combination formula and a stomatal response function derived from a controlled environment. Model pre-dictions compared favorably with ET rates from crops measured by microlysimetry. Using this model, we simulated ET rates from hypothetical rice crops under different climatic conditions. Regardless of cultivars and leaf area index ( LAI ) , all the crops demonstrated higher ET rates relative to the potential in a humid temperate climate than in an arid tropical climate. Strong winds generally prevailing in a tropical dry climate make stomatal control of ET in this climate more significant than that in a calm temperate climate. Furthermore, a cultivar with smaller minimum crop resistance ( Rmin ) always evaporated at a higher rate than a cultivar with larger Rmin when the same atmospheric demand was imposed. Such a difference was more distinct in the dry tropical conditions than in the humid temperate conditions. These findings agree with observations so far reported for irrigated rice. Thus, we conclude that our numerical model is capable of accounting for the effects of cultivars and environments on ET rates from irrigated rice.


Objective To evaluate the effects of curcumol on multiplication and invasiveness capacities of breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231.Methods The multiplication and invasiveness capacities of MDA-MB-231 cells were assessed with MTT assay and transwell test,respectively;while the expression of CtBP1 in different concentrations of curcumol was evaluated with real-time PCR.Results Significant inhibition on the multiplication and invasiveness capacities of MDA-MB-231 cells were revealed by curcumol on concentration-dependent manner(P 0.05).Meanwhile,significant down-regulation of CtBP1 was observed by curcumol in MDA-MB-231 cells(P = 0.000).Conclusion Curcumol can inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells,induce apoptosis,impact the invasive ability,and down regulate the expression of CtBP1 in concentration-dependent manners.


The effect of induced hyperglycemia on the intensity of metastatic spreading of Lewis lung carcinoma was investigated in experiments on mice. Neither long-, nor short-term hyperglycemia, induced at different phases of dissemination, influenced the intensity of metastatic spreading, primary tumor growth, the time of appearance of metastases, and the average life duration of tumor-bearing animals.


The article examines features of stability and transformation of the personality type emerging as a normative and value image of the modern Russian society. Based on approaches of Erich Fromm, David Riesman, Yuri Levada, two trends can be revealed: one of them aims to preserve those archetypal characteristics so typical of "Soviet human", another one deals with formation of new properties that would meet goals of market oriented society and define features of individual success. Russian society is characteristic of global processes of values modernization, reasoned by R. Inglehart and C. Welzel, and reflecting individual's pursuance of greater personal freedom and self-expression. The new value system of the Russians is still nascent; giving up on old social and cultural reality is of phantom nature. Previous research analysis allows concluding that the personality type is balancing between two poles, caused by socio-economic conditions fluctuation, poor establishment of institutional factors for system implementation of the new model, missing of a clear vision of the future, which could serve as a reference. Russian society appears to be split according to the typological dominance factor into two groups active and passive. The problem arises on how lack of uniform symbolic and semantic field effects the modern personality type formation as it leads to social relations mobility, ongoing risk and complex processes in semio-phychological space. However, the personality type instability may be also caused by socio-cultural specifics, traditions, lack of public communication space development, preservation of former institutional structures and a particular lifestyle. © 2018 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


With the aim of experimentally assessing the stress intensity factors under mixedmode loading along a crack front, the case of an internal elliptical crack is analyzed. An experimental test is performed on a three-dimensional photoelastic model made in epoxy resin. This model contains an inner natural crack, created by thermal shock. The crack is inclined in the cylindrical model, loaded with a tensile stress field. Exploiting the characteristics of the epoxy resin, and using the stress freezing technique, it is possible to keep memory of the stresses near to the crack tip, once the specimen is unloaded. The final specimen is cut in slices and KI , KII , and especially KIII are evaluated along the crack front with particular techniques. Comparisons are finally proposed with respect to the analytical solution and the numerical values from a FEM model. Keyword: Internal elliptical cracks, photoelasticity, mixed-mode loading.


This Final Report is a Design Planning Of Geometric And Pavement Thickness Of Road Trans Batumarta STA 0+000 – STA 5+500 Province Of South Sumatera. In this Path Planning authors designed the class path planning based there, the classification level of local roads, traffic load, soil data as a supporter, and a contour map data area. From calculations later obtained daily traffic average and classification in the class consisting of bends Full Circle, Spiral Spiral Circle and Spiral Spiral. With AC surface layer WC, AC BC, AC Base, Lapis Lapis Foundations Up and Down Foundation has planned.
Based on the calculations later obtained a budget plan and implementation of a predetermined time. Based on the authors conclude that the planning and bold geometric designs influenced by bending pavement Traffic Daily Average (LHR) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) existing soil in the area of trans batumarta street intersection ii units - units xvi.
Keywords: Design Road, Geometric Design, flexible pavement thickness, LHR, CBR.


The present invention, for controlling or facilitating the release of the therapeutic agent, relates to delivery systems for somewhat rely pharmaceutical composition ionic interactions. More particularly, the present invention relates to a long-term controlled release system having an ionic treating agent and an ionic polymer (where the polymer is to release the treating agent in a controlled manner over a long period of time It is well ionized, and the composition does not require an emulsion system for administering the treating agent).


The students'organizations of higher schools should conform to the developing trend of the times, endeavor to carry out the important thoughts of "Three Representatives" in the work, manage to be the active promoter of the advanced productivity, the practitioner and initiator of the advanced culture, and loyal defender of the legal rights for the massive students, and perform their duties to serve the students better with it as a guide for the future work.


A previously healthy 15-month-old male presented to the pediatric emergency department with complaints of intermittent vomiting for the past 2 months. He was seen in a primary health care center 2 months prior for vomiting and was diagnosed with gastritis. He received an intramuscular (IM) anti-emetic injection on his right buttock andwas sent home.His vomiting persisted, andhismother noticed that the child was refusing to walk. His parents sought medical advice in an emergency department and the physician related the abnormal gait to the IM injection and suggested to observe him at home until his symptoms improved. However, when the parents noticed that even after a few days the patient was still refusing towalk, they brought him to our emergency department. On physical examination, he appeared well hydrated and well nourished with normal vital signs for his age. Neurological examination revealed normal tone and power in all muscle groups. However, bilateral lower extremity deep tendon reflexes were brisk with bilateral ankle clonus. When encouraged to walk, we observed that he was ataxic, but did not exhibit pain. Head circumference was found to be 51 cm (>2 SD for age and sex). The remainder of his physical examination was unremarkable. Given that he had the history of an IMmedication before his refusal to walk, our differential diagnosis included painful ataxia secondary to medication administration via IM route versus an intracranial pathology. Given that it is rare for an IM injection to cause prolong period of ataxia, providing him with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug would have helped differentiate if his ataxia was secondary to the IM


Working with early newspapers is notoriously difficult, not to say onerous. Aside from questions of definition - what sort of format, content, or periodicity constitutes a newspaper? - tracking the multitude of serials that poured from the presses on a weekly or daily basis in later Stuart and early Georgian London has tested bibliographers and historians alike. Publishers lost count of their issue numbers, especially when a hasty reprinting of a day's edition was needed to meet unexpected demand, or, occasionally, to create demand by deliberately inflating these same numbers to give an exaggerated sense of the paper's regularity cum longevity. Compounding these bibliographic headaches is the hijacking of titles. Rival publications bearing the same nomenclature appeared on the capital's streets within hours of each other. Since it was not unusual for a title to be printed at more than one press, first readers were themselves not immediately aware of any counterfeit.


In the preceding communication a metabolic inhibitor was used to improve ethanol productivity in continuous glucose fermentations using immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The present study describes how this might also be achieved by altering the physical-cehmical microenvironment of the yeast cell through addition of nonmetabolizable polymers. It is suggested that the improved productivity is a result of a decreaed water activity in the growth medium. 1 figure, 1 table.


I have not completed a full review of this paper because although the techniques used are interesting, I cannot see that it presents any convincing evidence for systematic or significant changes of the "variability" (see below) that requires an explanation, nor does it provide any clear evidence (or any prior reason to suppose) that such changes might be associated with solar activity, rather than just arising from decadal variability. Detailed comments of the methodology and text would therefore be out of place. The use of cluster analysis to investigate spatial patterns and possible changes thereof is an interesting alternative (or complement) to the more common use in oceanography and meteorology of of EOFs (Empirical Orthogonal Functions); Cheng & Wallace (1991) provide an interesting account of their relative advantages & disadvantages.


Objective: This study aimed to explore the mediating effect of interpersonal communication disturbances between college students shyness and dependence of online communication.Methods: 878 college students participated in this study and were asked to complete three questionnaires,including self-designed University Students' Dependence on Online Communication Scale,Shyness Scale and Relationship Comprehensive Diagnostic Scale.Results: College students' shyness had significant positive correlation with interpersonal communication disturbances and dependence of online communication,interpersonal communication disturbances had a positive correlation with dependence of online communication;interpersonal communication disturbances played a completely mediating role between college students' shyness and dependence of online communication,there were indirect relations between college students' shyness and dependence of online communication.Conclusion: Interpersonal communication disturbances plays a completely mediating role between college students' shyness and dependence of online communication.


It has been found that institutionalized infants aged 6 to 12 months displayed reduced variability of gross motor development via series assessments (Prommin et al., 2017; 2018). We hypothesized that the institutionalized infants would have less opportunity to play in upright position such as sitting or standing (Siritaratiwat et al . , 2011). Increasing an opportunity for being upright would help to stimulate variability of gross motor and other development. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the intra-variability of gross motor and language development in orphaned infants after receiving a 3-month playing in upright position program. Thirteen healthy infants aged from 6 to 8 months, from a children's home, were recruited. The Alberta Infants Motor Scale (AIMS) and Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Development Profile Infant/Toddler Checklist (CSBS DP) were used to assess the intra-variability of gross motor and language development each month for 3 months. Mostly, orphan infants in this current study showed wide mean value of the variability of gross motor (42±16.5 percentiles) and language development (36±15.8 percentiles). Infants from maternal substance abuse and mental illness during pregnancy displayed little variability of gross motor and language percentile, which was lower than the 50 th percentile. The study concludes that play in an upright position, including free play activity with variation movement and listen to story book in sitting position improve an intra-variability of gross motor and language development in orphan infants .


The formation process of inclusions and the effect on the quality of magnesium alloy castings are analyzed.The inclusions in magnesium alloys are oxide inclusion,flux inclusion,foreign inclusion et al throughout a number of trials,in which the majority is oxide inclusion.The majority of inclusion can be removed by a adequate technology.


Summary.  Background: Depression is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the mechanism is uncertain, prothrombotic and inflammatory factors may play a role. Objectives: As platelets play a key role in CVD, we determined first, whether depressed individuals had more activated platelets than non‐depressed individuals and second, whether treatment of depression reduced platelet activation levels. Patients/methods: We recruited 108 depressed outpatients and 45 control subjects all without a history of CVD. After psychological assessment, the depressed patients were offered treatment with medication and/or psychotherapy. Flow cytometric markers of platelet activation and level of depression were assessed at baseline and at 4 weeks and 6 months after treatment. Results: Depression was associated with increased platelet activation with a higher number of circulating CD62p (0.76 × 109 L−1 vs. 0.46, P = 0.019) and CD63 (P = 0.05) positive platelets compared with controls. Patients with depression also had more circulating platelet‐leukocyte aggregates than controls (P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the severity of depression and the level of platelet activation. Platelets from depressed patients were also hyperreactive to adenosine 5´‐diphosphate (ADP) stimulation with increased CD62p and CD63 exposure (P = 0.003 and 0.019, respectively). Six months of treatment resulted in a reduced number of circulating CD62p and CD63 positive platelets (29.84% and 53.38% decrease) and a 20.9% reduction in CD63 exposure after ADP activation. Conclusions: Depression is associated with increased in vivo platelet activation and resolution of depression using psychotherapy and/or medication reduces platelet activation. These findings provide insights into the link between depression and cardiovascular risk.


Abstract This paper presents a brief review of the development and application of dating techniques, in addition to radiocarbon, which are useful in an archaeological context. For hominid evolution these include potassium–argon, argon–argon and fission-track dating. For dating the emergence of anatomically-modern man these include electron spin resonance, uranium series, amino acid racemization and luminescence dating. New approaches are discussed which provide the basis for exciting new applications in the coming decades


Objective: To investigate the effect of t (11; 19) (q23; p13.1) gene on proliferation and apoptosis 0f SGC 7901 gastric cancer cell line Methods: Gastric cancer cell line SGC 7901 cells were selected to transfect t (11; 19) (q23; p13.1) gene. MRNA levels of t (11; 19) (q23; p13.1) in each group were regulated after 24, 48 and 72h byRT- PCR. Cell proliferation was determined MTT assay. The apoptosis status of the SGC 7901 cells was detected TUNEL method. Immunohistochemical staining evaluated the expression of apoptotic genes Bcl-2 and Bax. Results: The MTT assay showed that t (11; 19) (q23; p13.1) decreased the proliferation of SGC 7901 cells. TUNEL method detected t (11; 19) (q23; p13.1) could improve apoptosis of SGC 7901 cells. In addition, t (11; 19) (q23; p13.1) could improve the expression of apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and reduce the expression of apoptotic gene Bax. Conclusion: T (11; 19) (q23; p13.1) gene can inhibit gastric cancer cell proliferation and improve apoptosis of gastric cancer cell.


Background: Common carotid artery luminal diameter (CCALD) is used in epidemiological and interventional studies as biomarker of carotid atherosclerosis especially in subjects with DM. However, there are paucity of studies on the CCALD in subjects with DM in the study locality. Purpose: This study is aimed at evaluating the CCALD in adults with DM differ from those of healthy controls Methodology: Common carotid artery luminal diameters (CCALD) of 82 adult subjects with DM and 144 healthy controls were evaluated using a high-resolution ultrasound machine (Venue 50) equipped with electronic callipers and a linear array, high-frequency transducer (7-12 mHz). Measurements were taken at a point 1 cm distal to the carotid bulb. Results: The overall mean CCALD was 6.12±1.47 mm and 5.88±0.77 mm for subjects with DM and healthy controls, respectively. The mean CCALD value is higher in subjects with DM compared to those of healthy controls though; there was no statistically significant difference in CCALD between the two groups. There were significant positive correlations between CCALD and age in male subjects with DM (r=0.488) while weak negative correlation exists in females (r=-0.073).Furthermore, weak negative correlation between CCALD and age among healthy controls (r=-0.117 and -0.020 for males and females, respectively). Conclusion: The overall mean CCALD value in subjects with DM is higher than those of healthy control. The mean CCALD value is positively and significantly related to age in only male subjects with DM.


A radially expandable vascular support (1) having a plurality of interconnected flexibly connected zigzag shaped annular elements (2, 3), defining a vascular support (1) having a proximal end and a distal end and a longitudinal axis, a zigzag-shaped annular elements (2, 3), or parts thereof are arranged in a plurality of vertically along the longitudinal axis of the stent adjacent to one another, each defined by omega-shaped webs (7) are interconnected, characterized in that between the individual sections (8, 9) consisting of zigzag-shaped annular elements (2, 3) and omega-shaped webs (7), and further portions (8, 9) in each case along a growth plate (10) connecting points (12) are arranged, the connection guided by a dissolvable, through eyelets (16) made of a resorbable thread (17) or resorbable metal wire are only limited firmly interconnected.


Indomethacin treatment causus renal dysfunction probably secondary to impairment of renal blood flow. We measured renal artery blood flow velocity (RBFV) in 15 preterm infants with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus before and during the first 12 h after a single intravenous dose of 0.1 mg/kg of Indomethacin. RBFV was serially measured by Color-Doppler Flow Imaging and was used as a relative measure of changes in renal blood flow.Indomethacin treatment led to a sharp decrease in RBFV, which was maximal at 10 min post-indomethacin and was followed by a slow recovery until baseline values were attained at 4 h. RBFV (mean ± SD) decreased from 25.2 ± 1.9 cm/sec pre-indomethacin to 15.2 ± 3.1 cm/sec at 10 min. and rose 22.3 ± 2.2 cm/sec at 2 h. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, PaO2 and PaCO2 were stable during the study period. Plasma-Creatinine (mean ± SD) rose from 82 ± 18 umol/inl pre-indomethacin to 95 ± 20 umol/ml post-indomethacin with a decrease in urine production.We conclude that indomethacin can impact on renal circulation of the preterm infant for a period of 2 h.


Serial hemocultures were made on blood from 15 Chagas' Disease patients using a modification of the technic described by Albuquerque et al (1). Warren's medium was substituted by "LIT" - ("Liver-infusion tryptose") medium. 0. 2 ml of blood from each patient was added to each one of 14 culture tubes each containing 6 ml of "LIT" medium on 3 consecutive days. The whole process was repeated 3 times at 30 days interval. 54 positive tubes (4,0%) were obtained. These results gave a positive parasitological diagnosis in 13 out of the 15 patients (86,6%). The results obtained demonstrated that there is a residual blood parasitemia in patients with chronic Chagas' disease but that there are also variations in the parasitemia of different individuais. Serial hemocultures has been found to be a reliable diagnostic method although very time consuming and its effectiveness is proportional to the number of isolations made from a patient.


A number of molecular crystal structures of two families of organic compounds pharmaceutically important heterocycles and dyes - successfully solved from various powder diffraction data are presented. The obtained results demonstrate the power and reliability of powder diffraction methods in their applications to characterization solid organic materials which can only be prepared in polycrystalline form.


This work is part of the study of the turbulent mixture produced by the RichtmyerMeshkov instability. It focuses on the characterization of the initial conditions and on their persistence when the mixing zone develops into a turbulent flow, in other words the so-called initial condition memory effect. A Direct Numerical Simulation of the flow arising from the rotation of series of blades initially separating two gases of different density is conducted. The analysis relies on the impact of the resulting vortical flow on the generation of a more or less diffused and disturbed initial gaseous interface as the rotational speed of the blades is varied. Results highlight different flow regimes, associated with the redistribution of the total vorticity between the different vortex cores promoted by the opening of the blades, as both the rotational speed and the gaseous medium in which the blade tips are moving into vary.


The change in bone mineral density at the proximal tibia during 2 years after total knee arthroplasty was studied in 28 knees (28 patients: 10 men and 18 women; median age: 71 years) with dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Bone mineral density was measured at the proximal tibia at nine regions of interest below the tibial component within 1 week after the operation (baseline); measurements were repeated at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. All but one knee was malaligned before the operation, and all but three were corrected to within the normal range of alignment after it. The mean bone mineral density of all nine regions of interest at the proximal tibia temporarily decreased by 13% (p = 0.001) during the initial 3 months, probably due to a general metabolic reaction of the skeleton to the operative trauma combined with the effect of the postoperative immobilization, and then the initial level was regained for as long as 2 years. The overall changes in mean bone mineral density to 2 years were insignificant (p > 0.05); however, a great variation (43.9% decrease to 98.0% increase) was observed on an individual basis. This change over time was significantly associated (R2 = 0.36, p = 0.002) with the level of the baseline bone mineral density, which in turn was partly related (R2 = 0.24, p = 0.009) to the amount of malalignment of the knee before the operation. Knees with high baseline levels (n = 14: 11 with varus and three with valgus alignment) displayed a decrease of 10.0 ± 14.0% (mean ± SD, p > 0.05) for as long as 2 years, whereas those with low baseline levels (n = 14: seven with varus and six with valgus alignment and one neutrally alignment and one neutrally aligned) had an increase of 19.1 ± 38.2% (p = 0.038). In both groups, the mean bone mineral density converged to a level of 0.75–0.95 g/cm2 at 2 years.


In this paper, an analytical solution for an infinite strip having an eccentrically located circular hole is given when the strip is subjected to a pair of side pressures. The solution is based on an approach involving Papcovich-Neuber displacement potentials and deduced using the simple forms of Cartesian and cylindrical harmonics. The boundary conditions on both sides of the strip and around the hole are completely satisfied with the aid of the relations between the Cartesian and cylindrical harmonics. The solution is shown in a graph, and the effect of the eccentric hole on the stress distribution is clarified.


New grassland pastoral area cooperative economy problem is the critical study proposition about relieving the problem of ecological environment,the animal husbandry economy and the herdsmen in the grasslands,building new pastoral area of socialism,and all-round moderate prosperity of pastoral area.This paper takes New Cooperative Economy and Grassland New Pastoral Area construction as a subject,taking building new pastoral area of grassland as the studying background,grasping the inner link of new cooperative economy and grassland new pastoral area construction,expounds the effect of new cooperative economy on grassland new pastoral area construction,studys basic types of new model cooperative economy,reveals the primal problems,then proposes strategies and advices of promoting it healthy development.


&NA; The preservation of sensitivity within the nipple‐areola complex is of paramount importance to patients presenting for reconstructive and aesthetic breast procedures. Previous attempts to measure sensation in the breast before and after surgery have relied primarily on the Semmes‐Weinstein monofilament test, which is an imprecise study that measures the logarithm of force necessary to bend a series of six to 20 filaments. Within the last 10 years, various authors have published normative pressure threshold data for the breast that have varied by a magnitude of greater than 10‐fold. Recently, precise anatomic studies have been performed that have elucidated the innervation of the nipple‐areola complex medially and laterally from cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves. Despite this knowledge, no quantitative sensibility studies have yet been performed that compare postoperative sensation when medially versus laterally innervated pedicles have been used in reduction mammaplasty. The present study is the first to use computer‐assisted neurosensory testing to generate normal breast sensation data and to compare sensory outcomes between the inferior and the medial pedicle techniques of reduction mammaplasty. A total of 34 patients were divided into four groups and underwent breast sensory testing (67 breasts total) using the Pressure‐Specified Sensory Device, a computer‐assisted force transducer that measures static and moving one and two‐point discrimination. Sensation in the nipple and in the four quadrants of the areola was measured. Groups I and II were composed of 17 unoperated controls with breast sizes ranging from 34A to 36C (group I; 18 breasts) and 36DD to 46EE (group II; 16 breasts) who presented to a general plastic surgery clinic. Groups III and IV were composed of 17 patients who underwent either medial or inferior pedicle reduction mammaplasty between July of 1997 and March of 1999. Pressure thresholds in the most sensitive breasts were as low as 0.3 g/mm2, a marked contrast to data from previous studies using Semmes‐Weinstein monofilaments documenting the lowest recordable pressure threshold as greater than 2 g/mm2. Several findings from previous studies using Semmes‐Weinstein monofilament testing were confirmed in unoperated controls, including an inverse relationship between sensitivity and breast size, superior nipple sensitivity when compared with the areola, and significant interpatient variability with respect to static and moving two‐point discrimination among women matched according to age and breast size. When comparing medial with inferior pedicle reduction mammaplasty patients, it was found that despite significantly greater reductions using the medial pedicle technique (mean of 1.7 kg versus 1.1 kg of breast tissue removed), there were no significant differences in postoperative sensory outcomes in the sample size of 17 patients. Furthermore, within each group of patients undergoing either the medial or inferior pedicle technique, the amount of breast tissue removed did not correlate with postoperative sensory outcomes. Computer‐assisted quantitative neurosensory testing is a highly accurate technique for measuring sensibility. The use of this technology demonstrates a 10‐fold difference in measurable sensory thresholds in normal patients from preexisting data using Semmes‐Weinstein monofilaments. Advances in measurement methods have allowed the authors to compare postoperative sensory outcomes reliably using two popular techniques of reduction mammaplasty. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 109: 2283, 2002.)


The present invention discloses a multi-user multiple input multiple output radio transmission system quickly generalized decision feedback equalizer precoder embodiment. One technique used to achieve a multi-user multiple input multiple output generalized decision feedback equalizer GDFE precoder (MU-MIMO) system, which greatly reduces the computational cost while resulting in no capacity loss. Proposed a method for configuring a GDFE precoder, the precoder having k user terminals UT, the base station MU-MIMO wireless system, each user terminal UT having associated therewith prior to feeding the filter. The method includes using one of a plurality of alternative formulas of the present invention to calculate the filter matrix C, and calculates the filter matrix C is calculated based on a symbol vector obtained after processing GDFE precoder stage decision feedback equalization transmitter filter matrix B transmitter filter, a feedforward filter matrix F, and an interference pre-cancellation matrix G.


Rheological parameter(relaxation stress,relaxation modulus and relaxation time) under different loading rates and different directions of sampling were measured through a stressrelaxation test with a radish piece.The stress relaxation curve was obtained,which shows that relaxation modulus is decreased in magnitude with an increased loading speed rate.The variation of sampling at diametral direction was greater than sampling at axial direction.At the same rating speed rate,the relaxation time of the sample taken at axial direction was shorter than the sample taken at diametral direction.A fourunit generalized Maxwell model was set up graphically to express stresstime relationship for the radish.It provided theoretical basis for mechanical design and quality identification.Moreover it provided the optimum parameters for predicting mechanical damage,improving products quality,exploring new control method and judgment basis.


Lake Donghu is a shallow eutrophic lake,dominant population compositions of the benthic algal communities presented significantly seasonal patterns in the littoral zone of Lake Donghu,Cladophora glomerata and Melosiravarians were the most important species during all seasons except summer,and some species of Achnanthes dominated the littoral zone in summer.Although benthic algal biomass of different sites was slight different,dominant species was significantly different.C.glomerata was the largest fraction at moderately eutrophic site C and M.varians contributed the most biomass at hypereutrophic site A.In summer,monthly mean benthic algal biomass was the minimum with chl a 41.5 μg/cm2,it increasing to peak biomass with chl a 55.3 μg/cm2 at autumn or winter.The low summer biomass was the results of physical factors such as instability of condition caused by raining and the weak of light because of water level rising.The content of chl b and chl c,the ratios of chl b/a and chl c/a among different sites had significant difference.These results suggested that the heavy eutrophic increased the relative proportions of diatoms,meantime decreased the ratio of green algae in the benthic algal communities.It also suggested that the community structure of benthic algae were good biotic indicators for the lake ecosystem health status.The seasonal patterns of benthic algae biomass were different from those of phytoplankton,meanwhile,it was negatively correlated with water temperature.It indicated that water temperature and phytoplankton were not the direct factors on the benthic algal community in the littoral zone of the lake Donghu.C.glomerata offered foods and available habitat for invertebrates,and it played an important role in the ecosystem function of Donghu Lake.


"I have sent off to a journal a little piece of work of which I can be proud: the first synthesis of radioactive tobacco mosaic virus. This will make possible the thorough investigation of the metabolism of viruses … It's a long term project–if only we have peace."


Objectives: In an attempt to reduce tobacco use among adolescents in the USA, some health educators have created school-based tobacco education programmes. However, none currently exist for middle and high school educators. The current study sought to determine if middle and high school educators' knowledge about combustible cigarettes and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) improved following an educational session about youth tobacco use. Design: Pre-/post-assessment was employed to measure change in knowledge. Setting: Educators (N = 41) from a rural, southern middle and high school were invited to take part in the study during an educational workshop held during an in-service training event. Method: In addition to seven knowledge questions, participants also provided demographic information and details of current and previous use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Chi-square analyses examined changes in responses to individual items, and total pre-/post-knowledge score change was compared using a dependent t-test. Independent t-tests examined differences between knowledge change and participants' personal and behavioural characteristics. Results: Participants' overall knowledge improved from pre- to the post-test (p < .05); however, there was no relationship between pre-/post-test responses for individual items. In addition, there were no differences between participants' knowledge change when compared by age, sex, grades taught and past use of cigarettes or e-cigarettes. Discussion: Increasing middle school and high school educators' knowledge about tobacco products, particularly novel devices, is important due to the increasing rates of use among youth. More research is needed to determine how educators' knowledge can help decrease tobacco initiation and use among school-aged children.


Two relatively simple models have been developed to estimate reactor, radiation shield, and balance of system masses for a particle bed reactor (PBR) nuclear thermal propulsion concept and a cermet-core power and propulsion (bimodal) concept. The approach was based on the methodology developed for the RSMASS-D models. The RSMASS-D approach for the reactor and shield sub-systems uses a combination of simple equations derived from reactor physics and other fundamental considerations along with tabulations of data from more detailed neutron and gamma transport theory computations. Relatively simple models are used to estimate the masses of other subsystem components of the nuclear propulsion and bimodal systems. Other subsystem components include instrumentation and control (I&C), boom, safety systems, radiator, thermoelectrics, heat pipes, and nozzle. The user of these models can vary basic design parameters within an allowed range to achieve a parameter choice which yields a minimum mass for the operationa...


School plant planning is often considered an essential aspect of educational planning. The realization of educational goals and objectives is attainable through appropriate school plant planning. It therefore behooves that school plant is appropriately planned to facilitate the effectiveness of school system. This paper examines conceptual clarification of school plant planning, shows the need for school plant planning in an ideal school system, observes school plant planning process, considers challenges of school plant planning in Nigeria and concludes that the realisation of educational goals and objectives, no doubt, depends on the extent to which government and administrators of schools are able to give school plant planning adequate attention needed. It is recommended that considerable time be devoted in planning school plant for both intended and existing schools in order to achieve the educational goals and objectives. Keywords : School plant planning, Educational goal, Educational objective and Facility