The increasing number of international teaching assistants (ITAs) in American undergraduate courses presents continued sociocultural, linguistic, and pedagogical challenges. Remaining underdeveloped, ITA training has attracted less attention in recent years. I urge a renewed enthusiasm for developing effective training curriculum. I review the focus of the ITA training curriculum over the past 30 years in terms of its content, implementation process, and context, and examine the missing elements that can make the training effective. I incorporate theories of multicultural education and postmodernism, and situate the discussion in the framework of professional development. As a conceptual analysis, this paper focuses on the why of integrating the missing elements, rather than the how of improving the curriculum in concrete steps. "You're the worst professor I have ever met. I mean it. I shouldn't call you professor, TA!" - One student feedback for an ITA in Chemistry Department, Binghamton University. "I think I am too nice with my students, not assertive enough. I feel I am jumped at by them." - One TA from China in Computer Science Department, Binghamton University. These comments, one about an international teaching assistant (IT A) and one by an ITA, indicate the continued complaints and confusions in American undergraduate courses taught by ITAs since their first large increase in the early 1980s (Kaufman & Brownworth, 2006). While enriching the undergraduate educational experiences, the increasing presence of ITAs has brought particular sociocultural, linguistic, and pedagogical challenges that have led to the development of a new field of research related to ITAs and a wide range of training programs. Over the years, the scope of the training curriculum has expanded from an exclusive focus on linguistic issues to a more comprehensive set of concerns, including linguistic, pedagogical, and cultural competences. Despite some major advances, the field of ITA training remains largely underdeveloped. As the number of ITAs continues to grow, so do the complaints and intolerance among American students. In a 2005 New York Times article (Finder, 2005), interviews with undergraduates at six universities revealed that the number of ITAs in a department strongly influences the major an American undergraduate decides to pursue. Gravois (2005) also reported American undergraduates' strong prejudice against ITAs, no matter if an ITA presents the information appropriately or not. However, remaining unresolved, the ITA issues and challenges have attracted less attention in recent years. No explanation has been found. Perhaps the presence of ITAs has become so common that we stop noticing, or since the 20-years effort has not seen much improvement of the problem, we just choose to live with it. But can we afford to do so? When we enlarge the enrollment and replace fulltime faculty by ITAs with little effective support, we have improved the access, but the question is the access to what? When we organize such activities as cultural festivals and cross-cultural workshops to enhance intercultural communication and to promote a multicultural and democratic learning environment, we are ignoring the classes taught by ITAs as the best place for nurturing authentic and meaningful cross-cultural dialogs. That said, the purpose of this paper is to: 1) examine the focus of ITA training curriculum over the past 30 years in terms of its content, implementation process, and context; and 2) discuss the missing elements that may make these programs effective. I incorporate theories of multicultural education and postmodernism, and situate the analysis in the professional development framework. As a conceptual analysis, this paper focuses on the why of integrating the missing elements, rather than the how of improving the curriculum in concrete steps. What Is Missing in the Content of the ITA Training Curriculum? …


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of board characteristics on firms' investment decisions.

Design Methodology Approach
The study used data sourced from annual reports of firms listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2018. Descriptive analysis was performed to provide the background statistics of the variables examined. This was followed by a regression analysis which forms the main data analysis.

Findings
The multiple regression analysis results indicated that the proportion of independent directors and financial experts on the board are negatively related to firm investment. These findings imply that independent directors and financial experts on the board can help firms reduce overinvestment and improve investment efficiency.

Originality Value
The extant literature shows that the board of directors are an effective mechanism to reduce agency problems in firm decisions and operating performance. However, there has been little research on the role of the board of directors in corporate investment policy.


The application of polar codes for the Rayleigh fading channel is considered. We construct polar codes for the block Rayleigh fading channel with known channel side information (CSI) and for the Rayleigh channel with known channel distribution information (CDI). The construction of polar codes for the Rayleigh fading with known CSI allows them to work with any signal noise ratio (SNR). The rate of the codeword is adapted correspondingly. Polar codes for Rayleigh fading with known CDI suffer a penalty for not having complete information about the channel. The penalty, however, is small, about 1.3 dB. We perform simulations and compare the obtained results with the theoretical limits. We show that they are close to the theoretical limit. We compare polar codes with other good codes and the results show that long polar codes are closer to the limit.


H pylori diagnostic breath tests rely on a simple chemical reaction which is based on the natural behaviour of the bacteria. Naturally occuring gastric urea is made up of 99% carbon isotope 12C and 1% carbon isotope 13C. The breath test uses urea enriched with 13C (that is, 99%).

1 Virtually all duodenal ulcers and 80% of gastric ulcers are associated with Helicobacter pylori infections1

Patients first drink a sachet …


Abstract In this article, we evaluate the extent to which the International Journal of Forensic Mental Health addresses and incorporates discussion of diversity constructs in its publications. Five years of publishing data from 582 manuscript submissions and 164 published articles were reviewed and coded for the inclusion of several diversity constructs (i.e., sex or gender, race or ethnicity, country, age, culture), how these constructs were included in the research (i.e., part of the hypothesis/aims of the study), and the countries the authors and participants represented. Results indicate that most article submissions, authors, and participant samples came from Europe, North America, and Oceania, and these regions had higher acceptance rates. Most articles included studies of clinical populations, and many authors' primary affiliations were forensic mental health or correctional services. Less than a third of the article titles and over half of the article abstracts mentioned one of the diversity constructs examined. This is somewhat promising and tells us that the journal is publishing articles reporting and examining aspects of diversity in their samples. However, we argue more can be done. Future research and recommendations for the next steps in improving diversity, equity, and inclusiveness in the publication processes and publications are outlined.


We develop a two-country model to analyze how a country's external reference pricing (ERP) policy affects the international availability and pricing of a patented product sold by a local firm. In equilibrium, the country permits a level of international price discrimination that is just necessary to induce its firm to export and this policy maximizes joint welfare. By raising the minimum price above which the firm prefers to export, the ERP policy undermines the foreign price control (PC). There exist circumstances where tightening the PC is Pareto-improving. International cooperation is necessary to ensure that instituting patent protection abroad increases welfare.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of store image on purchase intention and buying decision based on the perceptions and thoughts of Muslim consumers. To be the sample, 100 consumers who are used to shopping at modern minimarkets were involved. To get a fit model, data used were in 1000 bootstrapping data. The store image research results consist of retail facility dimensions (physical completeness, display), store service dimensions (empathy, professional sellers) and store environment dimensions (comfortable environment, lighting). Store services and store environments are proven to be influential in purchase intention. Whereas, store facility was only correlates with store service and store environment and was not proven to affect purchase intention and buying decisions. The purchase intention has proven to influence purchasing decisions. This study found that factors like empathy, professional sellers, pleasant environment, lighting, physical equipment and displays, influence Muslim customers' interest on purchasing things.


4.1 The Republic of India — An Overview India's affirmative action or preferential policies stems from an entrenched classification system based on a persons caste in society. The first aim of this chapter is to understand the ideologies of the caste system which has led to discriminatory practices in India. Secondly, it will analyse the historical basis for this system. Like the principles of apartheid, the caste system is a contradiction of an egalitarian theory of a democratic country. This chapter will attempt to show how social hierarchy was integrated into and legitimated by a categorical or classification system. It will be shown how socially constructed values are taken as custom, culture or the norm of a particular society and therefore further validated. It will attempt to give an understanding of how the method of classifying people was more than just a cultural consequence or product but was a system that was invented and passed on from one generation to another.


The reemergence of ridesharing as a desirable means of travel is partly attributed to the role mobile phone and social networking technologies could play in enabling the "real-time" (or "dynamic") matching of passengers and drivers producing shared rides. In the past few years, several workshops and conference sessions have been dedicated to real-time ridesharing with a focus on the technological, behavioral, economic, social, and institutional aspects of this form of travel. The objective of this proposed study is to investigate the viability and potential for real-time ridesharing to and from the Ohio State University (OSU) campus under a variety of incentive and travel behavior scenarios. To understand the potential for a ridesharing program, the proximities of individuals with OSU affiliation to others in their neighborhood with OSU affiliation were analyzed. To gauge the levels of the various variables that would realistically render ridesharing feasible and desirable among the OSU community, a web-based travel survey focused on ridesharing was designed and administered.


Permanent magnet drive couplings are used to transmit power from the prime mover to the load in a wide range of industrial applications such as fans and blowers. Formal design optimization techniques are explored for improving the coupling designs. A standard coupling design is used to define the base performance constraints and new coupling designs are developed which reduce manufacturing costs by minimising the total active and the magnet material volumes. Alternative designs including the use of lower cost aluminium conductor material and the removal of the steel backing iron are also presented. Different optimization methods (direct, genetic and hybrid) are investigated with a view to use as a general everyday design tool.


Facing the rapidly changing market,product differentiation is the key to get away from price competition for medium-scale enterprises in China.Enterprise managers concerned about how to attain competitive advantage through product differentiation.Starting from product differentiation,this paper elaborates the great contribu-tion of functional innovation strategy to improve the competitiveness of enterprises.


Photo-alignment property of groove patterned surface prepared from blend of poly (vinyl cinnamate) (PVCi) and oligomeric dicinnamate was investigated for the application for alignment layer of liquid crystal display. The study of the photoreaction kinetics using UV-vis spectrum with the irradiation time showed that the reaction rate of oligomeric cinnamate was enhanced compared to that of PVCi. Blend where PVCi was main component showed a slight improvement on the photoreaction rate. It was unable to obtain groove patterned surface only using oligomeric cinnamate itself owing to the high crystalline character. However, blending of PVCi made it possible to obtain clear surface pattern. Molecular orientation could be confirmed from the polar plot data. It can be suggested that blend of oligomeric cinnamate and polymeric cinnamate is promising material for the photoalignment layer.


Human skeletal muscle is composed of a heterogenous collection of muscle fiber types.1–3 This range of muscle fiber types allows for the wide variety of capabilities that human muscles display. In addition, muscle fibers can adapt to changing demands by changing size or fiber type composition. This plasticity serves as the physiologic basis for numerous physical therapy interventions designed to increase a patient's force development or endurance. Changes in fiber type composition also may be partially responsible for some of the impairments and disabilities seen in patients who are deconditioned because of prolonged inactivity, limb immobilization, or muscle denervation.2 Over the past several decades, the number of techniques available for classifying muscle fibers has increased, resulting in several classification systems. The objective of this update is to provide the basic knowledge necessary to read and interpret research on human skeletal muscle.

Muscle fiber types can be described using histochemical, biochemical, morphological, or physiologic characteristics; however, classifications of muscle fibers by different techniques do not always agree.1 Therefore, muscle fibers that may be grouped together by one classification technique may be placed in different categories using a different classification technique. A basic understanding of muscle structure and physiology is necessary to understand the muscle fiber classification techniques.

Muscle fibers are composed of functional units called sarcomeres.3 Within each sarcomere are the myofibrillar proteins myosin (the thick filament) and actin (the thin filament). The interaction of these 2 myofibrillar proteins allows muscles to contract (Fig. 1).4 Several classification techniques differentiate fibers based on different myosin structures (isoforms) or physiologic capabilities.1,2,5 The myosin molecule is composed of 6 polypeptides: 2 heavy chains and 4 light chains (2 regulatory and 2 alkali). A regulatory and an alkali light chain are associated …


Electronically
 excited CH radicals have been prepared in chosen vibrational levels of the A 2Δ and B 2Σ−
 states by
 selective laser excitation. The evolution of the populations in the initial and collisionally produced vibronic
 levels has been followed by time- and wavelength-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. It is found that CO2,
 as a model collision partner, efficiently promotes the coupling of the A 2Δ and B 2Σ−
 states at room temperature
 (∽295 K). CH A 2Δ, v=1 is reversibly transferred to the near-degenerate B 2Σ−, v=0 level, and irreversibly
 vibrationally relaxed to A 2Δ, v=0, with comparable probabilities for these competing processes. CH
 B 2Σ−, v=0 is correspondingly reversibly transferred to A 2Δ, v=1 and irreversibly transferred to A 2Δ, v=0.
 The branching ratio for these two product vibrational states is ca. 2:1, which contrasts markedly with the
 predictions of energy-gap scaling laws. The A 2Δ, v=0 level is found to be only weakly quenched by CO2,
 in agreement with previous measurements. These observations have important consequences for the use of laser-induced
 fluorescence spectroscopy as a tool for monitoring the density of CH in collisional environments, and
 in the
 interpretation
 of previously measured
 quenching rate constants for electronically excited CH.


Aiming at the nonlinear thermal dynamic object with MIMO(Multi-Input Multi-Output),T-S fuzzy modeling method based on hyperplane is proposed,which unifies the antecedent and consequent parameters of T-S fuzzy model and prevents overabundance of calculation. The general T-S fuzzy model is introduced and the formula calculating the distance from a point to a hyperplane is deduced. The effectiveness index function S(c) based on the average linearity is proposed to determine the number of rules. The distances from an point to the hyperplanes corresponding to different consequent sub-models in the joint I/O space are obtained by the subsection-linearization of T-S fuzzy model and the modeling steps are concluded,as well as the formula of average linearity calculation. The new algorithm shows good interpretability,accuracy and generalization capability. The simulation of an object with typical load demonstrates its effectiveness.


【Abstract】Aiming at the actual condition of public traffic communication management in China and the present situation of GPS technology development, a new intelligent transportation monitoring system is developed. The structure and operation principle of the system are introduced. The design of hardware and software for the main modules, transportation protocols, and the implementation of GIS are given. Experimental results prove that the system is with high precision for information collection, high efficiency and stability for information transportation. 【Key words】GPS; GIS; Intelligent Transport System(ITS); electronic bus stop board


This study reviews a decade of support by the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank to parliaments and external audit agencies in Latin America. It underscores recent developments in development finance reflecting a broader understanding of the determinants of fiscal credibility and financial integrity. It reveals a learning curve in multilateral assistance to budget oversight institutions. It argues that there exists unexplored potential to improve the effectiveness of multilateral assistance to budget oversight institutions, including in the choice of strategies and instruments. More fundamentally, it underscores the need to tackle the underlying political economy of public finance accountability.


To study the possibility of using plant Silybum marianum in paper industry, its stem yield potential, chemical properties, fiber indices and pulping was evaluated. Mean value of fiber length and diameter of Silybum marianumstem harvested in early June, were calculated 178 and 3.5 cm, respectively. Dry weight of whole stem determined 4710 kg per hectar. Mean value of fiber length, diameter, cavity diameter and wall thickness were obtained 1194, 16.06, 9.06, and 3.66 μm, respectively. Raunkel, flexibility, and slenderness ratios of its fibers were determined 80.83, 56.39, and 74.37, respectively. Results of chemical analysis showed that the stem comprises %70.35 holocellulose, %39.25 cellulose, %13.13 lignin, %3.09 acetone-soluble, %18 hot water-soluble extractives, and %11/85 ash. Soda pulp was obtained at 165 °C pulping time, 25% alkaline and 10:1 ratio of liquor to chips. Results of pulping showed that with increasing of pulping time from 30 to 210 minutes, the kappa number and yield decreased from 77.32 to 32.13 and 43.6 to 36.5, respectively; whereas accepted pulp yield (passed from 20 mesh) increased from 17.4 to 35.5% paper made of pulp with kappa number 32 had 36.82 Nm/g tensile index, 3.76 km breaking length and 1.75 Kpa.m 2 /g burst strength. In general, achieved results have shown that the present studied species could be regarded more for papermaking because of the suitable fiber biometrical and chemical properties as compared to other non-woody plants. Key word: Silybum marianum, Yield potential, Chemical characteristics, Tensile index, Breaking length, Burst strength R. yadollahi 1* M. Dehghani Firouzabadi 2 1 M.Sc. Wood and Paper Science & Technology, University of Tehran 2 Associated Professor, Pulp and paper technology of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Corresponding author: email@example.com Received: 2011.10.30 Accepted: 2013.04.08


India is deliberated the diabetes hub of the world, and a substantial amount of patients undergoing cataract surgery are diabetic. Developments in surgical techniques and instrumentation of cataract have large enriched the outcomes; but, surgical procedure may not be benign and real in certain entities with pre-existing retinal pathology or inadequate visual potential.. Keeping this in mind, we surveyed the different layers of the eye in managing the cataract in patients with diabetes. The changes in the cornea, intra ocular lens, choroid, and retina are the factors which influenced the visual prognosis of diabetic cataract patients. Better comprehension of different elements in charge of good result of cataract surgery in diabetic patients may direct us in better options in the management of these patients and advancing the outcomes. This review article targets to address diverse features adjoining cataracts in diabetic patients. In anelectronic MEDLINE search, appropriate studies were selected by authors using the relevant keywords. Review Article Kumari et al.; OR, 11(4): 1-8, 2019; Article no.OR.53727 2


The monitoring of spectral evolution of the very slow nova V723 Cas started at the Asiago Astrophysical Observatory just on the announcement of discovery. In this paper the spec- tral evolution during the long pre-maximum stage, which lasted from August to December 1995, is reported. Emission lines of H I and Fe II were prominent in the early stage. Most of the lines were accompanied by P Cygni type absorption components. The emission lines gradually weakened with time and the absorp- tion components developed. The mean of the blue-shifts of the absorption components with respect to the emissions was about 126 km s 1 in September and 96 km s 1 in December 1995. Some lines of Fe I, Fe II, Y II, Sc II, Ba II, etc. appeared in the later stage. All emission lines, except for H�, once nearly disappeared in November when the nova slightly brightened to V'8.6. Some emission lines appeared again several days before the beginning of the final rise to maximum luminosity, then a pure absorption spectrum of F type supergiant was seen on the maximum of V'7.1 at the middle of December. The absorp- tion components of Si II lines at 634.7 and 637.1 nm showed fairly different profiles from those of the other metallic lines, which suggests a complicated gas motion in the atmosphere. The distance and the absolute magnitude at maximum are es- timated to be 2.95±0.7 kpc and MV(max) = 6.1 ± 0.5, respectively. The mass of the white dwarf in this system may be about 0.58±0.07M � .


One type of HLW associated with the procedures of spent fuel reprocessing or conditioning as would be required in order to implement accelerator driven transmutation of waste, is the insoluble residue, which remains after the majority of the fuel, is dissolved. This material is separated as part of the head-end processing and must be suitably encapsulated within a waste-form to permit its disposal. In spite of the fact that the specific contribution of insoluble deposits, arising from SNF dissolution does not exceed 0,5-1 % of the general volume of wastes, the radionuclides, contained in them introduce a rather significant hazard and demand the most careful treatment of the material during its treatment and subsequent disposal. The main contributors to the insoluble residues are the slowly dissolving metallic fission product inclusions found in spent fuel and the certain fission products which although initially soluble precipitate during the dissolution process. The most significant elements, in mass terms are the platinum group metals (PGM) and, also molybdenum and zirconium. In turn, the formed deposits are capable of adsorbing fission products and actinides, for example, antimony, uranium and plutonium. This group of elements presents two issues one relating to the activity and heat of the relatively short-lived isotopes, in particular {sup 106}Ru/{sup 106}Rh and {sup 125}Sb and the other due to the presence of the long-lived and potentially environmentally mobile {sup 99}Tc. The main factors determining the amount and composition of insoluble residues are the temperature and degree of burnup and conditions of fuel dissolution. In this paper the results on composition and mass determination of insoluble residues (primary and secondary), derived from samples of fuel with burnup from 15 up to 54 MWd/kgU are given. Dissolution of spent fuel samples was conducted at the boiling temperature and at 80 C. The concentration of nitric acid in the final solutions varied within the limits 1,7-3,5 mole/l and concentration of uranium from 250 to 350 g/l. The mass of insoluble residues obtained during experiments was from 0,03 to 0,5% (calculated for 1 kg of UO{sub 2} in spent fuel). Secondary residue examination has shown that their amounts were from 0,01 to 0,3% of fuel mass (from {approx} 5 to 50% of whole residue mass). The results of chemical analysis of primary and secondary residues and specific {beta}- and {alpha}-activities will be presented. The main elements, defining residue composition are as follows: metals of platinum group (palladium, ruthenium, rhodium), molybdenum and zirconium. The specific {beta}-activity of the residues was 20 to {approx} 840 Ci/kg and {alpha}-activity 0,01-8 Ci/kg. Depending on dissolution conditions uranium and plutonium contents in specimens analyzed were as much as 0,2-4% and 0,1-3% respectively. These results are compared with other literature data for residue arising and the significance of the insoluble residues in the context of long-term waste behavior will be discussed.


The present invention provides a process control method, comprising the steps of: a first state variable measurement based process in the production process; the current state of the measured process variable and a first type mapping model based on the fuzzy knowledge base, Estimation type II process state variable; the second type of process state variable is a state variable of the process is difficult to real time measurement; the process according to state variables of the first type are measured and the process state variables of the second class estimated, determined set of control variables Value. This scheme may be part of the process when the state variable difficult to measure directly, in real time to obtain a more complete state of the process conditions, and accordingly automatically determines the control variable set value, reduce reliance on the operator to ensure stable production and quality.


Objective:To investigate the effects of large dose atorvastatin in short time on vascular endothelial function in patients with unstable angina pectoris(UAP) early.Methods:A total of 72 patients with UAP grade Ⅲ were randomly divided into large dose group and regular dose group and took different dose atorvastatin for two weeks.Lipid(TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C) level,change rate of brachial artery relaxant inner diameter reacted to congestion(ΔD%) were measured before and after treatment of atrovastatin,and the cardiac accidents were observed within two weeks.Results:After 2 weeks of taking atorvastatin in large dose group,the lipid(TC,TQ LDL-C) levels decreased(P0.05),ΔD% of relaxant brachial artery markedly increased(P0.01),the incidence of cardiac accidents was 62.86%.But in regular dose group there were not significant changed of lipids(TC,TQ LDL-C,HDL-C) levels,the incidence of cardiac accidents was 83.78%,it was more than that of large dose group(P0.05).Conclusion:Effects of large dose atorvastatin treatment on vascular endothelial function is better than that of regular dose group and decreasing incidence of cardiac accidents.


Recent field tests and modeling studies of the underground gasification of coal (UCG) have suggested a number of topical areas which are in need of further investigation. These include linking methods to control link zone geometry; appropriate methods to model reverse conbustion link enhancement (2nd pass linking); the cause of plugging (tars or ash?) which occurs in both Eastern and Western coals; allowable flow rates as restricted by permeability, inter‐well distance, cross sectional area, pipe restrictions, etc.; appropriate ignition and extinction temperatures for modeling; cavity wall reaction mechanisms; and cavity and link zone (or char) size and location methods. The characteristics and importance of these problems will be presented.


James Freund, now Of Counsel to the Skadden Arps firm, in 1979 wrote a book entitled Lawyering, a Realistic Approach to Legal Practice, which was, in essence, a handbook, written in practical form for the new lawyer, especially one who has signed up Rupert m. Barkoff for practice with a mediumor large-sized law firm. I had the good fortune of reading this book ten years into my practice of law. After I finished it, I decided that I had learned little, but realized how much of Freund's content was not known to me at the time I began my practice. I wish I had read it the day after graduating from law school. Were I a litigator, my feelings toward David Gurnick's Franchising Depositions would be the same as those I felt toward Freund's book. Mr. Gurnick's publication is not intended for the attorney well initiated in the skills of fran? chise litigation. It is meant for other audiences?including those attorneys who may have significant experience but are unfamiliar with franchise law, and those lawyers who may or may not have knowledge of franchise law but are far less experienced than the masters in the arts of depos? ing. Mr. Gurnick, an attorney with over eighteen years of experience, mostly with the Warner Center, California, office of Arter & Hadden, has created a useful work that will supplement the existing literature on franchise law. As Mr. Gurnick notes in his book's Acknowledgment, Franchising Depositions was an evolution from a chapter prepared by the late, but legendary, Ralph Jonas?one of the true grandfathers of franchise law. After the sections defining the scope of the text and delineating the other ground rules for its use, Mr. Gurnick's evolutionary work product begins with a discussion of general strategy considerations for depo? sitions, which could have been relabeled as the "Fundamen? tals of Franchising Depositions." The remainder of the book focuses upon the various scenarios into which litigation issues found in franchise cases most commonly fall. These include actions by or against franchisors based on contract claims, actions by franchisees for rescission and damages


The Bogor-Depok-Bekasi (Bodebek) region is a suburb of the Capital City of Jakarta located in West Java Province and part of the West Java development area (WP) 1, this region has experienced rapid regional development and economic growth due to the urbanization process in Jakarta. The development of this region was marked by the growth of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of 42.08% and population increase of 19.54% during the period 2010-2016. However, developments in the Bodebek region have led to the formation of sprawl areas in several areas, leading to unsustainability and leading to the conversion of agricultural land. This study aims to 1) Identify and project Gross Domestic Regional Products (GDRP) growth and population based on a growth model approach using using simple regression equation; 2) Identify the spatial pattern of built-up areas in the Bodebek region by using the Moran index and the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA); and 3) Identify development patterns in the Bodebek region using cluster analysis. The results of this study indicate that built-up areas in the Bodebek region are concentrated (clustered) in the core urban area of the Bodebek Region and its surroundings. In addition, population and GDRP growth in the Bodebek region follow the saturation growth model. Based on the result of cluster analysis, there are 3 clusters in the Bodebek region based on social, economic, population and land use data.


First, Mercator. Figure 1 provides a gene map of the human chromosomes. The banding (8) is a diagrammatic representation of the staining pattern unique to each chromosome. It bears no necessary relationship to the genes present in particular parts of the chromosome. We estimate that the total number of structural genes, that is, genes that determine the amino acid sequence of proteins, is between 50,000 and 100,000 in man. Each gene locus is symbolized by a code most often of three letters. In all, over 375 gene loci have been, with various confidence (indicated by the letter style of the symbol), assigned to a specific chromosome or in many instances a specific region. It is a matter of considerable intellectual satisfaction that we now know (15, 16, 17) that the gene for Rh blood type is on the short arm of chromosome 1, that the gene for ABO blood type is on the end of the long arm of chromosome 9, that the gene for insulin is on the short arm of chromosome 11 (1), and that the genes for colorblindness and classic hemophilia, two of the genes longest known in man, are in the unstaining or lightly staining region on the end of the long arm of the X chromosome. Indeed, the first gene mapped to a specific chromosome in man or any mammal and perhaps in any organism was the colorblindness gene, assigned to the X chromosome by Professor E. B. Wilson at Columbia in 1911. Wilson pointed out that the characteristic pedigree pattern of colorblindness, known from the work of Swiss ophthalmologist Homer in the 1870's, could best be explained ifman has an XX, XY sex chromosome constitution and the colorblindness gene is on the X chromosome. Haldane showed that the colorblindness gene and hemophilia are closely linked on the X chromosome, and Porter in our group in Baltimore showed that G6PD and colorblindness are closely linked. Boyer, also in Baltimore, showed that hemophilia and G6PD are closely linked. Thus was defined a cluster of genes which subsequently by somatic cell hybridization was found to be in the very terminal part of the long arm of the X chromosome. But I am getting ahead of my story. A considerable number of genes can be assigned to the X chromosome


The invention relates to a safe and portable phototherapy bra, which comprises a bra body, optical fiber light guide luminescence units and an optical fiber device, wherein the bra body is also provided with breast parts; each optical fiber light guide luminescence unit is arranged on the corresponding breast part, and comprises a reflecting film, a light guide plate, a diffusion film, an optical fiber interface and a case; the thickness of the reflecting film is 0.1 to 0.3mm; the thickness of the light guide plate is 1 to 3mm; the thickness of the diffusion film is 10 to 30 mum; the diffusion film comprises a base material layer and an automation layer; the atomization layer is formed by a convex block made of plastic materials; the safe and portable phototherapy bra is also provided with a diffusion device; the optical fiber device is electrically connected with the optical fiber interface of the optical fiber light guide luminescence units. Through the arrangement of the diffusion device, the illumination area can be increased; the therapy area in a larger range can be realized; the structure is simple; the electricity leakage cannot easily occur; the wearing is comfortable; the dual functions of magnetic therapy massage and phototherapy treatment can be realized, so that a user can perform light ray disease therapy at any time in any place; the market prospects are considerable.


Abstract Purpose The main aim of this study is to build a robust novel approach that is able to detect outliers in the datasets accurately. To serve this purpose, a novel approach is introduced to determine the likelihood of an object to be extremely different from the general behavior of the entire dataset. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes a novel two-level approach based on the integration of bagging and voting techniques for anomaly detection problems. The proposed approach, named Bagged and Voted Local Outlier Detection (BV-LOF), benefits from the Local Outlier Factor (LOF) as the base algorithm and improves its detection rate by using ensemble methods. Findings Several experiments have been performed on ten benchmark outlier detection datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of the BV-LOF method. According to the results, the BV-LOF approach significantly outperformed LOF on 9 datasets of 10 ones on average. Research limitations In the BV-LOF approach, the base algorithm is applied to each subset data multiple times with different neighborhood sizes (k) in each case and with different ensemble sizes (T). In our study, we have chosen k and T value ranges as [1–100]; however, these ranges can be changed according to the dataset handled and to the problem addressed. Practical implications The proposed method can be applied to the datasets from different domains (i.e. health, finance, manufacturing, etc.) without requiring any prior information. Since the BV-LOF method includes two-level ensemble operations, it may lead to more computational time than single-level ensemble methods; however, this drawback can be overcome by parallelization and by using a proper data structure such as R*-tree or KD-tree. Originality/value The proposed approach (BV-LOF) investigates multiple neighborhood sizes (k), which provides findings of instances with different local densities, and in this way, it provides more likelihood of outlier detection that LOF may neglect. It also brings many benefits such as easy implementation, improved capability, higher applicability, and interpretability.


ABSTRACT The structured partial quadratic inverse eigenvalue problem (SPQIEP) is to construct the structured quadratic matrix polynomial using the partial eigendata. The structures arising in physical applications include symmetry, band (tridiagonal, diagonal, pentagonal) etc. The construction of the structured matrix polynomial is the most difficult aspect of this problem and the research on structured inverse eigenvalue problem is rare. In this paper, the symmetric band partial quadratic inverse eigenvalue problem (SBPQIEP) for the damped mass spring system is considered. This problem concerns in finding the symmetric band matrices , and C with bandwidth p from m ( ) prescribed eigenpairs so that the corresponding quadratic matrix polynomial has the given eigenpairs as its eigenvalues and eigenvectors. In general, SBPQIEP is very hard to solve due to the additional band structure constraint. We propose a novel method, based on the matrix-vectorization and Kronecker product of matrices for solving this problem. Furthermore, explicit expressions for general solutions are presented. Numerical experiments on a spring mass problem are presented to illustrate the applicability and the practical usefulness of the proposed method.


The variable pitch system is an important part of the wind turbine. In consideration of the parameter uncertainty and external interference in the hydraulic variable pitch system, this paper proposes a H ∞ robust control strategy for the wind turbine variable pitch system. Firstly, the model of the system is given and the equation of state is obtained. According to the performance requirements, the weighted function which meets the system requirements in the process of the mixed sensitivity optimization is selected, and then the state space realization of the system generalized controlled object is obtained. Then, the H ∞ controller is obtained by solving Riccati equation. Finally, the designed system reduces the steady-state error, and improves the robustness of the system.


This datasheet on Aucoumea klaineana covers Identity, Overview, Associated Diseases, Pests or Pathogens, Distribution, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Uses, Management, Genetics and Breeding, Further Information.


Abstract : The investigations described in this report focus on a literature and background search and a field survey conducted in connection with the proposed excessing of 15 real estate tracts. Of a total of eight cultural resource sites that were located during the field survey and records prehistoric site was investigated. Based on the information available on the seven new historic sites none can be considered significant in light of National Register of Historic Places criteria. The single prehistoric site does contain characteristics that suggest it may contain important information and additional testing is recommended to assess its significance.


Does location information play any role in the visual guidance of walking towards a target? So far, the human walking literature has focused on two cues: optic flow (the pattern of motion at the eye) and the egocentric direction of the target. In stark contrast, in the related areas of animal navigation, the role of location information has been found to be particularly important. To address this gap, this thesis explored the role of allocentric location cues in visually guided walking.
In a series of experiments, participants were asked to walk to a target wearing prisms or "virtual prism" which introduced an offset between their visual direction and walking direction. The salience of allocentric location cues was manipulated and the relative use of cues was evaluated by the curvature of the trajectories.
Chapter 3 demonstrates the role of allocentric location cues. Trajectories were examined in four virtual environments with varying amount of optic flow and allocentric location cues. The pattern could not be explained by the richness of optic flow but is better
captured by allocentric location cues. In addition, the pattern of heading judgements in the same environments was a poor predictor of the trajectories. Following this, Chapter 4 considers the impact of the target location on the walking trajectories. Chapter 5 uncovers a role of prior experience with the environment in the guidance of
walking. The effect is robust when the availability of visual cues is limited in the environment. To further explore the use of prior knowledge, Chapter 6 aims to replicate an earlier study which has shown an effect of an allocentric representation on steering (Andersen
& Enriquez, 2006). Taken together, the results in this thesis provide evidence for an important role of
allocentric location cues and prior experience with the environment in the visual guidance of walking.


Indigenous knowledge (creation of human well-being with a modicum of Earth resources) in India was augmented in the twentieth century with new technologies. The new technologies have raised Indian well-being, but these improvements has been insufficient to motivate Indians to choose families small enough to achieve human sustainability. Fortunately, within India a stable population (29 million) currently meets the criteria for human sustainability -modest per capita taking of Earth resources combined with small families. The one significant difference in the indigenous knowledge of Kerala contrasted to India is central to the human experience, family structure. We may identify weak patriarchy versus strong patriarchy. The fact that the rapid increases in the well-being measures of Kerala have occurred in the last half of the twentieth century suggests a strong synergy of the new technologies (especially public education and western medicine) with the weak patriarchy in the Kerala part of India. Within the low Indian incomes and low per capita consumption of Earth resources, the high well-being measures of Kerala have been sufficient to cause a rapid decline in total fertility rates to a sustainable level, lower than in North America. The low consumption of Earth resources in Kerala can be viewed as a benchmark for sustainability -efficient human consumption. This efficiency benchmark is found in the weak patriarchy of Kerala within the strong patriarchy India -a contrast of indigenous knowledge.


Geometric programming, a nonlinear optimization technique, is used to design Solar Sea Power Plants (SSPP) which convert the thermal energy stored in the tropical water into electricity. First, the conversion process is described, and the hardware necessary to implement a binary-fluid, closed-Rankine cycle is identified. Next, steady-state analytical models for the major components are derived. These models are then used as the constraints of a geometric program whose objective function is the minimization of a particular function of the design variables of the SSPP. A variety of problems are solved. On one extreme, they include simply the design of a minimum surface heat exchanger for a SSPP, and on another extreme the selection of the various water pipes for a given ocean site, accounting for all the hydraulic losses. The geometric programming technique produces the optimum design and, more importantly, the sensitivity of the objective function at the optimum to variations in cost figures, constraint bounds, and arbitrary constants of the model. It is demonstrated in this dissertation that geometric programming is an economical and effective tool for the analysis and design of complex interacting engineering systems involving many variables and constraints. In particular, it is concluded that geometric programmingmore » is effective in a variety of situations encountered in the design of Solar Sea Power Plants.« less


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A PROCESS FOR FORMING EXTRUSION COLD A BASE OF SPARK PLUG WITH SEAT INSULATOR HIGH. A BLANK cylindrical CUT IN A STEEL BAR IS SUBJECT TO A SERIES OF eXTRUSIONS COLD IN A PRESS COLD FORMING DIES AND SIX POSITIONS September. AFTER THAT SAIL EXTENDING ACROSS THE CAVITY OF THE DRAFT WAS ELIMINATED BY DRILLING, 76 RING IS PRODUCED BY EXTRUSION, A FLOOR WITH A PUNCH ON THE EDGE OF THE INNER FACE OF CAVITE THE dRAFT ORDER TO BE USED AS OFFICE OF ISOLATION 84 SPARK PLUG SCOPE. CANDLE MAKING SPARK .


Clean water is essential, but electricity is also very important. It fosters technological innovations, scientific discoveries and better living conditions. Access to electricity is a prerequisite for poverty eradication and economic development for developing countries. However, there are regions in the world where people do not have access to the power utility. In addition, as the price of oil continues to rise and many energy experts predicting this type of energy source will not sustain our energy consumption in the future, fossil energy in general becomes an economically unstable source of electricity. On the other hand, global demand for electricity keeps increasing and so alternative sources of electricity must be considered to meet our energy demand.
The move toward sustainable and renewable energy is evident with the available commercial renewable energy technologies. The U.S. Department of Energy has developed a roadmap that envisions widespread deployment of renewable energy sources by 2020 in order to strengthen our energy security in the future. However, there are a set of challenges associated with renewable energy sources due to their intermittent and non-dispatchable characteristics. Studies have shown that incorporating the use of energy storage with renewable energy improves the cost effectiveness, reliability, power quality, and efficiency of the power system. But determining the optimal mix of power generation sources for this hybrid power system and how to optimally allocate the power/energy flow become an interesting Operations Research (OR) problem. We call this problem a Hybrid Power System Design Problem (HPSDP).
The problem considered in this dissertation is to identify optimal power generation combining the utilization of renewable energy sources and non-renewable sources to minimize the total power generation life-cycle cost of the renewable project. In this dissertation, we present a system modeling approach to perform analysis and optimization of hybrid power system.
The contributions of this research include: (1) the development of a methodology to represent the non-closed form life-cycle cost model of the power system components as a piece-wise linear cost function to be used in the optimization model, (2) the development of a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) model of the HPSDP, (3) the development of heuristic algorithms that can provide optimal or near-optimal solutions to the HPSDP more efficiently compared to the exact method of solving the MIP using a commercial solver such as CPLEX, (4) the development of a solution methodology that combines statistical analysis technique with a cost-dominant search procedure to reduce computation time while maintaining the same solution quality compared to the methodology implemented by a widely used HPSDP software (HOMER), and (5) the development of a mathematical programming solution approach using the robust optimization concept to address the stochastic variant of the HPSDP.


In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the noise performance of transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs) to enable the design of ultra-low-noise current sensing frontends. While prior research on TIA noise focused on the thermal noise of the differential pair, here, we explicitly include the flicker noise of all noise-critical transistors. Using our analysis, we show that flicker noise of the input differential pair can be a primary noise source under many practically relevant circumstances. Moreover, based on this extended analysis, we propose a complete design methodology for ultra-low-noise TIAs. To this end, we derive analytical noise equations that help to interpret and optimize the noise behavior of a TIA before performing detailed transistor-level simulations. The presented analytical model achieves high accuracy by including BSIM4 parameters of the target technology. The proposed model and design approach are verified by an example design of an ultra-low-noise TIA in a 180 nm CMOS SOI technology.


This abstract describes the design of a 150 MS/s track-and-hold amplifier in a 0.35 μm CMOS technology, featuring a THD compatible with 10-b operation on 1 Vpp differential input range at 3.3 V supply. This performance was achieved by means of an open-loop architecture with feed-forward compensation of the hold-mode feed-through error. The analog switch was implemented in the form of a switched source follower with strobed common-mode pull-down to achieve a short aperture time.


To determine how well nursing home physicians believe they can detect and treat depression, we conducted a national survey, eliciting a 63% response rate. More than 75% of respondents believed they detected and treated depression well. Excellent depression training (vs "good," "fair," "poor/none") was associated with better self-reported recognition (odds ratio [OR] 14.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.81, 111.93) and treatment skills (OR 6.72; 95% CI 1.91, 23.64). Screening tool use predicted greater self-assessed detection (OR 1.89; 95% CI 0.92, 3.87) and treatment competency (OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.14, 3.50). Practice guideline awareness was associated with greater self-reported treatment competency (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.56, 3.91).


Based on coupled fluid-solid theorem,and taking into account of seepage effect,the stability factors of surrounding rock is calculated by finite differential code for shallow circular tunnel,two lane highway tunnel and double-track railway tunnel.We examined the effect on stability factors and plastic zones distribution of the three factors: classifications of surrounding rock,section shapes of tunnel and whether there is seepage.The results show that with the same section shape and classification of surrounding rock,seepage plays an important role in distributing plastic zones.Among the three factors that affect the stability ratio of surrounding rock,section shape and classification have a great effect while existence of seepage is not so significant.


Effects of holding temperature and time at (β+γ) two phase region on the microstructure of fully lamellar Ti-46Al-7Nb-0.7Cr-0.2Ni-0.1Si (mol%) intermetallic compounds are studies. Fully lamellar microstructure is observed after homogenization heat treatment for 3.6 ks at 1643 K (α single phase state). Fine β phased grains precipitate at fully lamellar structure after heat treatment of homogenized material at 1373 K. Holding the homogenized material for 72 ks at 1373 K decompose partially the lamellar structure. Heat treatment of homogenized material at 1273 K also precipitates the fine β phased grains in fully lamellar structure. In this temperature range, decomposition of lamellar structure is not observed up to 72 ks heat treatment. The toughness of homogenized material is ~ 15 MPa√m. Heat treatment of homogenized material at 1373 K and 1273 K for 3.6 ks indicates maximum fracture toughness in each temperature range. This may due to the precipitation of fine β phased grains. The fracture toughness decreases with the increase in heat treatment time up to 18 ks and/or 36 ks. Then, the value of fracture toughness became constant. Specimens heat treated at 1373 K for 36 ks and 72 ks indicate lower toughness than homogenized material. However, when the specimens are heat treated at 1273 K for 36 ks and 72 ks, the toughness is higher than that of homogenized material. This change is due to the decomposition of the lamellar structure.


This paper examines the incidence and determinants of overeducation in the Belgian private sector. Two different approaches are used to define overeducation by means of data on characteristics of employees and employers. Using the 1995 Structure of Earnings Survey, between 22% and 24% of the workforce is found to be overeducated. Results support the idea that employers view labour market experience as a substitute for formal education. They also show that male workers and people employed in state‐owned firms are less affected by overeducation. Further results suggest that the size of the establishment has a very weak (negative) impact on overeducation.


Ascorbate (reduced vitamin C) is required for bone formation. We have shown previously that both the osteoblast‐like cell line ROS 17/2.8 and primary cultures of rat calvarial cells possess a saturable, Na+‐dependent uptake system for L‐ascorbate (J Membr Biol 111:83–91, 1989). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the specificity of this transport system for organic anions and its sensitivity to transport inhibitors. Initial rates of ascorbate uptake were measured by incubating ROS 17/2.8 cells with [L‐14C]ascorbate at 37°C. Uptake of [L‐14C]ascorbate (5 μM) was inhibited 98 ± 1% by coincubation with unlabeled L‐ascorbate (3 mM) and 48 ± 4% by salicylate (3 mM), but it was not affected by 3 mM formate, lactate, pyruvate, gluconate, oxalate, malonate, or succinate. Uptake of the radiolabeled vitamin also was not affected by acute (1 minute) exposure of the cells to the Na+ transport inhibitors amiloride and ouabain or the glucose transport inhibitor cytochalasin B. In contrast, anion transport inhibitors rapidly (< 1 minute) and reversibly blocked [L‐14C]ascorbate uptake. In order of potency, these drugs were 4,4′‐diisothiocyanostilbene‐2,2′‐disulfonic acid (DIDS) = sulfinpyrazone > furosemide = 4‐acetamido‐4′‐isothiocyanostilbene‐2,2′‐disulfonic acid (SITS). These findings indicate that the ascorbate transporter is relatively specific for the ascorbate anion, since other organic anions (with the exception of salicylate) did not compete with ascorbate for uptake. Rapid and reversible inhibition by the impermeant antagonists DIDS and SITS suggests that they interact directly with the ascorbate transporter, consistent with location of the transport system in the plasma membrane.


We apply a familiar distinction from philosophy of language to a class of material artifacts that are sometimes said to "speak": statues. By distinguishing how statues speak at the locutionary level versus at the illocutionary level, or what they say versus what they do, we obtain the resource for addressing two topics. First, we can explain what makes statues distinct from street art. Second, we can explain why it is mistaken to criticize—or to defend—the continuing presence of statues based only on what they represent. Both explanations are driven by the same core idea: the significance of statues arises primarily from what they do and not what they say.


David W. Bernstein is Professor of Music at Mills College. His publications include The San Francisco Tape Music Center: 1960s counterculture and the avant-garde, writings through John Cage's music, poetry, and art (co-edited with Christopher Hatch), and essays for David Nicholls (ed.), The Cambridge companion to John Cage; David Patterson (ed.), John Cage: Music, philosophy, and intention, 1933–50; Steven Johnson (ed.), The New York Schools of Music and the Visual Arts; Daniele Margoni Tortora (ed.), Alvin Curran: Live in Roma; and Thomas Christensen (ed.), The Cambridge history of western music theory. He is presently writing a book on Pauline Oliveros for the University of Illinois Press.


The performance of (Bi,Pb){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub y} (Bi-2223) superconducting tapes in magnetic fields at 77 K is critical for winding this material into high-field magnets. We have recently enhanced the transport current (I{sub c}) of multifilament Ag-clad Bi-2223 tapes in a self-field at 77 K by increasing the packing density of the precursor powder improving the mechanical deformation, optimizing the conductor design, and adjusting the cooling rate. I{sub c} values of >40 A were obtained repeatedly. However, a transport current of 42 A in a self-field declined to 4 A in a 0.2 T magnetic field applied parallel to the c-axis at 77 K. A new composite tape was then fabricated in which a YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{delta}} (Y-123) film was deposited on the top of the Ag-sheathed Bi-2223 tape to shield the applied magnetic field and protect the central Bi-2223 filaments. Magnetization measurements showed that the critical current densities of the Y-123-coated, Ag-sheathed Bi-2223 tapes were higher than those of an uncoated tape. These preliminary results may provide the basis for further improving the processing of long-length Bi-2223 tapes for high-field applications.


The wave of electrical appliances being used in the student apartment was analyzed and discussed with wavelet analysis.The energy of the electrical current and the different layers after wavelet transform and their ratios were calculated,which were the base to the recognizing of the electrical appliances.The results show that they can carry out the recognizing of the high-power load and computers effectively and concisely.


Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of the resistance index (RI) in color Doppler ultrasonography for small liver neoplasms. Methods Two hundred and ninty seven patients with 304 hepatic solid lesions which had a diameter smaller than 30mm were studied with color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and pulsed Doppler,including 234 malignant cases (218 primary malignant liver tumors,and 16 metastatic liver tumors ),67 benign lesions.All of them were confirmed by operation and pathology. Results The detection rate of arterial flow in malignant tumors was 88.2%,while it was 58.2% in benign lesions,which was significantly different.With Doppler spectrum analysis,resistance index in primary malignant tumors was 0.77±0.12,in metastatic tumors that was 0.71±0.07,whereas the average RI in benign lesions was below 0.6.The difference was significant.This difference was correlated with tissue structure of histopathology. Conclusion If arterial flow was detected with CDFI,RI≥0.6 was regarded as a criterion of the malignant tumor,the sensitivity was 96.2%,specificity was 88.1%,accuracy was 94.2% while RI0.6,was regarded as an index of benign disorders of liver.


To meet the challenges and to face the possible impacts that climate change might cause on humans, the international community passed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992, attempting to decrease the global temperature. Again, in the Kyoto Protocol signed in 1997, the quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments of the Annex I countries were laid out in Annex B. However, due to the special status of the Republic of China (Taiwan), it could not join any global climate change regulatory regime as a State. On the one hand, it does not have any emission limitation obligations, nor could it utilize mechanisms set up by the global climate change regulatory regime to implement mitigation or adaptation measures, on the other hand. Now, because the status * Assistant Professor, Law Department, National Chung Cheng University; S.J.D. University of Wisconsin-Madison Law School.


The growth of columnar grain can be restrained and the transformation from columnar grain to equiaxed grain will be promoted by decreasing temperature gradient on solidified front in the mould to increase equiaxed grain ratio,which is beneficial for homogenization of billet structure.Based on above-mentioned theory,the heat transfer character of a new mould with heat insulated coating for decreasing temperature gradient was researched. Industrial trials were carried out on a billet caster using the mould.The effect of this technology on solidification structure of billet was analyzed.The results show that the low temperature gradient could meet the need of continuous casting.The surface temperature of billet is increased by 108℃and average heat flux is lower compared to traditional mould as the casting speed is similar,which indicates that heat transfer at the initial stages of solidification of molten steel had been restrained and therefore the temperature gradient on solidified front is decreased.The equiaxed grain ratio of billet produced by the low temperature gradient mould integrated with low superheat and EMBR technology is increased by 8%-13%and the severity of center segregation and cavitation have been reduced obviously.


The advancement in mass spectrometry technique for proteomic studies has proliferated the discovery of biomarkers from quantitative proteomics pattern. Highthroughput data for a given molecule can give rise to a series of inter-related and overlapping peaks in a mass spectrum. The spectrum suffers from high dimensionality data relative to small sample size. Several studies have proposed statistical and machine learning techniques such as Principle Component Analysis (PCA), Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and wavelet-coefficient in order to extract the potential features. However, none of these methods take into account the huge number of features relative to small sample size. This study focused on two stages of mass spectrometry analysis. Firstly, feature extraction methods extract peaks as potential features to infer biological meaning of the data. Shrinkage estimation of covariance was proposed to assemble m/z windows and identify the correlation coefficient among peaks of mass spectrometry data for feature extraction. Secondly, feature selection techniques search parsimonious features through a learning model that exhibits the most accurate results. A computational technique that mimics survival and natural processing known as Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) integrated with linear SVM classifier was proposed for feature selection. Later, this was hybrid with Differential Evolution (DE) techniques


This study used senescence-accelerated prone mice (SAMP8) to examine the effects of a carbohydrate-restricted diet on aging and skin senescence, to determine how long-term carbohydrate restriction affects the aging process. Three-week-old male SAMP8 mice were divided into three groups after one week of preliminary feeding: one was given a controlled diet, another was given a high-fat diet, and the third was given a carbohydrate-restricted diet. Mice were fed ad libitum until they reached 50 weeks of age. Before the end of the test period, a grading test was used to evaluate visible aging in the mice. After the test period, serum and skin samples in mice were obtained and submitted for analysis. Results of the grading test demonstrated a significant progression of visible aging in the carbohydrate-restricted group, as well as a decreased survival rate. Histological examination of the skin revealed that the epidermis and dermis in the carbohydrate-restricted group had become thinner. Analysis of the mechanisms involved demonstrated an increase in serum interleukin-6, aggravated skin senescence, inhibition of skin autophagy, and activation of skin mTOR. Therefore, this study proved that a carbohydrate-restricted diet promoted skin senescence in senescence-accelerated mice.


According Kundera, a novel is not convention but is a writer's investigation of experience in the pitfalls of life. A novel can be used to discuss the issues of women and gender. One novel that explores the issue of women is Burung-burung Rantau by YB Mangunwijaya. There are three social processes in the formation of women's realities, namely: construction, deconstruction and reconstruction. Burungburung Rantau successfully portrays the practice of construction, deconstruction and reconstruction of the reality of women. Yuniati reflects the female construction of a mature woman, while Anggraini and Marineti undergo the process of deconstruction and reconstruction. Anggraini is hesitant in making decisions, while Marineti tends to be confident in her choices. The practice of construction, deconstruction and reconstruction of speech acts can be seen in the dialogues of the characters in the novel. They are also evident in the choice of words, figure of speech, and sentence structures used in the frame of discourse, power, inequality, and gender perspectives.


We present the results of a research conducted with a computational simulation of the MachZehnder Interferometer, which allows one to perform several experiments involving single photons. In this study, we have investigated how undergraduate students (pre-service teachers) adopt discursive strategies to understand the concept of wave-particle complementarity when they work collaboratively, paying special attention on the software, used as a mediational tool in these discursive interactions. Based on the Vygotsky's ideas on learning and development and assuming that language is the main cultural human mediational tool, the sociolinguistics of Mikhail Bakhtin has been adopted to increment analysis on the students' verbal interactions, which revealed interesting strategies adopted to understand the concepts involved.


The present disclosure directs to a method of adjusting a dedicated SR (D-SR) period which is related to dynamically adjusting a dedicated SR (D-SR) period which is a semi-persistently configured D-SR resource used to transmit a SR. The method is adapted for a user equipment and a control node. The method, the user equipment, and the control node would perform functions including establishing a connection between the user equipment and the control node in order to transmit uplink data, the user equipment transmitting through the connection an assisting information to the control node after establishing the connection to adjust the D-SR period, and the user equipment obtaining a second D-SR period after transmitting the assisting information to the control node.


Stefan Muthesius, perhaps influenced by the family tradition of Das Englische Haus (1904-5), is at times too eager to classify all English house types as being species or sub-species of one grand genus, the ur-Haus or the echt-Haus, thus causing unnecessary anguish to the reader who is worried by the thought that Carlton House Terrace and a Leeds back-to-back must have something in common, apart from simply being in the same country. His book is, in essence, about the house types, layout, and appearance of the housing of the great majority of the lower middle and working classes in nineteenth-century England. It is the first book to treat these ordinary houses, of which there were literally millions by 1914, from the point of view of architectural history. It is a superb achievement, whose immense value to urban historians is unaffected by digressions of doubtful validity into the remote and mythical aristocratic origins of Coronation Street. Dr Muthesius pours out a cornucopia of good things to feast the eyes and stimulate the thoughts of social historians: six kinds of W.C. with at least three different flushing systems, including Lancashire's favourite 'waste water' device; details of different washing and cooking arrangements; at least 57 varieties of brickwork, and arrays of different ways of treating fagades, doorways and windows, chronologically, socially, or regionally classified. There is a substantial chapter on regional variations in working-class housing, but this is largely confined to the North and North-East, and while interesting for its descriptive content is not very satisfactory in raising or explaining problems of regional peculiarities. There are word pictures and photographs of Sunderland's singlestorey rows, Newcastle's two-storey flats, back-to-backs of Leeds and Bradford, and back lanes in Manchester or Preston; but no searching examination of why such types were found where they were, and not elsewhere. And it is curious, when treating the North-East, to make no mention of its persistently high overcrowding figures and its persistently small number of rooms per house. The bulk of the book, however, is arranged thematically in separate chapters on the different parts, components, rooms, and functions of terrace houses, chiefly based on southerly evidence, and these will be found the most absorbing and informative parts, spurs to local historians to observe and note similar details in their own town studies and to urban historians to flesh out some of their analyses with architectural coverings. Dr Muthesius concludes with a chapter which expands on earlier work, by Jim Dyos among others, in pointing out the function of architectural and building details as expressions of finely graded status and class differentiation, and ends on a note of comforting praise for the traditional (meaning nineteenth-century) low-rise terrace house which will be balm for all sufferers from tower-block sickness.


This article examines the forum sections of two websites devoted to Taylor Swift fandom: Taylor Connect, Swift's official website, and Amazingly Talented, a popular fan-produced website. Fans insist that Taylor Swift is an ordinary girl, and they continually suture her musical and extratextual personas by emphasising the autobiographical nature of her songs. Swift's music and her media presence sell an image of an ordinary girl, enabling fans' identifications with her. Fans assert that they "know" Taylor through her music and media persona and that Taylor's relatable lyrics make them feel like she understands them deeply. However, Swift's positioning as an "authentic" American girl subject is wholly tied to her status as a white, middle class, heterosexual, normatively feminine girl—characteristics that are repeatedly shored up through the lyrical and visual elements of her music and music videos and through fans' insistence that she is a "good girl."


Abstract Knowledge is often likened to weather conditions that pay no heed to national boundaries. This opinion has ledmany African scholars into using the same instruments to gauge issues in African and non-African studies expecting to getsimilar results. In this study, the researchers reveal that dance without music is unthinkable in Nigeria. Using specificexamples and field observations, they reveal that such ideals are of non-African origin, which should not be encouraged tooverlap in a culture with already defined musical functions, roles and characteristics.


SUMMARY The Wollongong Lead Study was undertaken in 1989–90 by the Pollution Task Force of Healthy Cities Illawarra and the Health Promotion Unit of the Illawarra Area Health Service. It was done in response to community concern in the Port Kembla area about the health effects of known high atmospheric lead levels, which result from the emissions from the Electrolytic Refining & Smelting Pty Ltd (now Southern Copper) smelter. It followed procedures similar to those used in the extensive and long‐term studies of the consequences of emissions from the lead smelter at Port Pirie in South Australia and concentrated on the highest risk group identified by the Port Pirie work, namely very young children (mainly 1–3 years). This paper reports the aspects of the study related to soil‐blood level relationships. Two areas were compared: a southern area near the smelter; and a northern area near Bellambi which was used as a control because it is not usually affected by air pollution from the industrial zone at Port ...


Thesis by Om Parkash Maihotra submitted to Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, Rations containing 35% irradiated beef caused spontaneous hemorrhages and subsequent death in male rats. Results are presented from a study of the effects of estrogen, testosterone, vitamin K, methionine, and strain of rat on the incidence of hemorrhagic disease, blood coagulation, and prothrombin times of plasma samples. The data suggest a probable interaction between vitamin K and methionine, but it was concluded that methionine destruction in irradiated beef was not the cause of hemorrhagic diathesis in rats fed the hemorrhagenic ration. (C.H.)


For the nonlinear system with gain fault, an alternative estimation method is given in this paper. Firstly, a joint estimation is presented to estimate the system state and the gain fault synchronously, based on the joint system function of the state evolution process and the gain evolution process. Then, an alternative estimation method is developed, which includes the state estimation process and the fault estimation process. Compared with the joint estimation method, the alternative method reduces the dimension of each sub-system, further reduces the computation requirement. The final simulation result shows that the feasibility and the effectiveness of the alternative method.


The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of the active pharmaceutical ingredient on the flowability of the powder and properties of tablets prepared using direct compression method. Each analyzed formulation contained one model active pharmaceutical ingredient, diphenhydramine, ketoprofen or loratadine. Granulometric properties of the powder formulations were determined based on bulk density prior and after compression, Hausner ratio, Carr index and angle of repose values. The analysis of manufactured tablets included determination of their hardness, thickness, mass, disintegration time, wettability, contact angle and swelling index values. The preformulation study confirmed that characteristics of the active pharmaceutical ingredient might have modified physicochemical properties of both powder formulations and tablets.


The development of modern cryptanalysis methods, in particular, with the use of many-valued logic functions, leads to the need for a more detailed research of the correlation properties of S-boxes of modern cryptographic algorithms. In this paper, we introduce indicators for the maximum and integral deviation of a many-valued logic functions on the basis of criterion for the independence of its output from the input variables. These indicators are a convenient tool for comparative analysis of the correlation properties of S-boxes of various lengths when they are represented using the many-valued logic functions with different bases q . The research and comparative analysis of the S-boxes of the AES and Kalyna cryptographic algorithms was performed, which showed a general tendency of a decreasing of their correlation properties with an increase in the value of representation base q , and also made it possible to establish that for all values of the representation base q , the correlation properties of the Kalyna cryptographic algorithm S-box are weaker than the correlation properties of the AES cryptographic algorithm S-box.


Detection of dim moving small targets at low signal noise ratio is a very important issue and difficult problem in infrared searching and tracking system. Based on analysis of the character of infrared images, a new double energy accumulating method is proposed. Firstly, images are denoised by wavelet transformation with soft threshold. Then, object motion area is detected according to difference images and the target intensity is well enhanced by accumulating energy two times with addition and product operation. Finally, target candidates are separated from background by thresholding process with the selected threshold. Computer experiments are carried out with an infrared image sequence and the experimental results illustrate that the proposed method is effective and efficient.


In China,every area has a different growth of economy because of different causes. In this paper, the growth of the economy of the provinces are classified by soft computing. The fuzzy equivalent relation,F-statistics and rules of soft-classification are used to classify the economy of the 31 provinces and cities directly under the central government into three classes.


Residential areas are the most rapidly expanding land use type in the southeastern USA. Residential development impairs soil functions primarily through compaction and the removal or burial of topsoil and natural vegetation, which reduces water infiltration and retention, root penetration, and plant establishment. Plant stress reduces plant-derived ecosystem services and increases vulnerability to pests, often leading to supplemental management inputs in the form of irrigation, fertilizers, pesticides and labor. Soil-dwelling invertebrates, including detritivores and natural enemies of pests, drive valuable ecosystem functions that facilitate plant establishment and reduce maintenance inputs. Although poorly understood, soil disturbance during residential development likely disturbs these communities and reduces the services provided by soil-dwelling invertebrates. Here, we compare the effects of two soil compaction mitigation techniques, tillage with and without compost incorporation, on invertebrate communities and the services they provide over 2 years following residential development. We focus on the relationships between detritivores and detritus decomposition rates, entomopathogenic nematodes and the activity density of a key turfgrass pest and other arthropod herbivores and predators. We found that soil mitigation had no detectable benefit for epigeal arthropods within 1 year after disturbance, but that compost-amended soils supported greater arthropod richness and predator activity density than unmitigated soils in the second year after disturbance. In contrast, we found reduced insect-parasitic nematode activity associated with compost amendment. All taxa increased in abundance with time after development. These results can inform more sustainable residential development and landscape maintenance practices for more biodiverse and functional urban and residential ecosystems.


1 In a first series of experiments, male Long Evans rats were chronically instrumented for the measurement of internal carotid blood flow and systemic arterial blood pressure; cardiovascular changes were assessed during and after 30 min infusions of human α‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) (0.06 and 0.6 nmol h−1), or nimodipine (60 and 600 nmol h−1) or human α‐CGRP plus nimodipine. The effects of human α‐CGRP or nimodipine on internal carotid vasoconstriction induced by endothelin‐1 were also measured. 2 Human α‐CGRP (0.06 nmol h−1) caused a small (+15%), transient increase in internal carotid blood flow and a tachycardia (+33 beats min−1), but no change in mean blood pressure. Nimodipine (60 nmol h−1) caused a brief internal carotid hyperaemia (+16%) but no changes in blood pressure or heart rate. However, concurrent administration of human α‐CGRP (0.06 nmol h−1) and nimodipine (60 nmol h−1) caused a sustained increase in internal carotid blood flow (+40%) unaccompanied by significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure. 3 Human α‐CGRP at a dose of 0.6 nmol h−1 or nimodipine at a dose of 600 nmol h−1 caused substantial reductions in internal carotid vascular resistance (−43 and −40%, respectively); concurrent administration of these doses did not have an additive vasodilator effect. 4 Infusion of endothelin‐1 (1.2 nmol h−1) for 20 min caused incremental constriction of the internal carotid vascular bed; human α‐CGRP infusion (0.6 and 6.0 nmol h−1) begun 10 min after the onset of endothelin‐1 infusion reversed this effect (dose‐dependently); nimodipine (600 nmol h−1) also caused a substantial attenuation of the effects of endothelin‐1. 5 In a second series of experiments the haemodynamic effects of human α‐CGRP and/or nimodipine were assessed in rats chronically instrumented for the measurement of renal, superior mesenteric and hindquarters blood flow together with systemic arterial blood pressure. 6 Administration of human α‐CGRP (0.06 nmolh−1) alone or in conjuction with nimodipine (60 nmol h−1) had no significant effects on renal or superior mesenteric vascular resistances, although there was a slight hindquarters vasodilatation. Human α‐CGRP at a dose of 0.6 nmol h−1 caused hypotension, tachycardia and reductions in renal and superior mesenteric blood flows, together with a marked (+31% maximum) hindquarters hyperaemia. Nimodipine at a dose of 600 nmol h−1 caused hypotension, tachycardia and a reduction (−34%) in renal blood flow; mesenteric blood flow was unchanged and there was an increase in hindquarters flow (+59%). 7 Concurrent administration of human α‐CGRP (0.6 nmol h−1) and nimodipine (600 nmol h−1) did not have an additive hypotensive effect or an enhanced hindquarters hyperaemic effect, but was associated with a marked impairment of renal blood flow (−48%). 8 The present results indicate that concurrent administration of low doses of human α‐CGRP and nimodipine might be particularly helpful in the acute treatment of patients with cerebral vasospasm and impaired renal perfusion, since this intervention improved internal carotid blood flow without compromising blood flow to the kidney.


In this paper, a strategy for compensating reactive and harmonic currents produced by non-linear loads, when being connected to the low-voltage side of the power system, is investigated. The loads in the low-voltage network can be classified, from the harmonics point of view, into a harmonic current producing type, a harmonic voltage producing type and a harmonic sensitive type. In spite of its associated problems, the compensation in the low-voltage network seems more reliable, economical, effective and straightforward. In general, these problems arise due to the interaction between the load and the power network parameters. The idea here stems from the fact that when applying a pollution treatment for a river, it is not the optimum solution (for all cases) to establish a treatment station across the river. The reliable alternative is to purify those outlets discharging into the river in an individual manner. The proposed strategy will be presented and demonstrated through analysis, design and practical simulation. The flexibility of the technique makes it suitable even to be applied to a small scale loads e.g. a production-line in a factory. It is amazing to deal with the instantaneous reactive power (q) as a time-signal to extract the reference reactive current, without introducing low-pass or high-pass filters into the forward control path. On the other hand, the characterization of loads according to the classification mentioned above is strongly recommended. It will be seen that this task can be done using a shunt active power filter


Research aim. To analyze the activities of the model workshop of the Berezil Artistic Association under the leadership of V. Meller, to establish the influence on modern graphic design. Research methods. Historical-comparative, study of art analysis. Scientific novelty. For the first time, attention is focused on the activities of the model workshop in the field of design of printed products with the provision of relevant visual evidence. The analysis revealed features that relate the design activities of the workshop with the modern advertising paradigm. An attempt is made to determine the educational achievements of the formation and their agreement with other art schools of the time. Conclusions. Undeservedly little-studied activity of the model workshop in the field of printed products is one of the highest achievements of Ukrainian graphic design of the twentieth century and corresponds with similar experiments in other countries. The commonality of program principles, the identity of the applied artistic techniques and technical means with the corДИЗАЙН ВІЗУАЛЬНИХ КОМУНІКАЦІЙ Visual communication design


This paper outlines the historical development of the idea that the cerebral cortex is responsible for the integration of sensory information and the co-ordination of complex movement patterns. The concept of a functional compartmentalisation of the cortex was developed in the 19th century, based on electrophysiological experiments. In spite of conceptual frameworks like those of Meynert and Wernicke, neuroanatomy did not contribute significantly to the conceptual development of neurobiology during the end of the 19th century. For electrophysiologists, an analysis of neuronal connections in the cortex was of minor interest. Data about the fine texture of the brain did not significantly influence the development of early 20th century neurobiology.


Vacuum electron-beam coevaporation of Fe and Si followed by annealing in N2 ambient is used to synthesize beta iron disilicide (β-FeSi2) nanocrystals. The reason for β-FeSi2 nanocrystal formation is discussed based on the principle of minimization of the interface energy. X-ray diffraction studies suggest that β-phase FeSi2 nanostructures turn into the α phase when the annealing temperature is 1000 °C. The optical transmission measurements indicate that the β-FeSi2 nanocrystals have a direct-band structure with the energy gap in the range of 0.84–0.88 eV. A sharp photoluminescence peak of the β-FeSi2 nanocrystals located at 1.5 μm is measured at 77 K.


Abstract Laser-assisted chemical etching of Co, Cr, Cu and Ti w;is investigated using aqueous solutions of phosphoric acid and KOH at different concentrations. Thin metal films on glass substrates and thin foils were etched upon irradiation with a focussed Ar-laser operating at 514 nm and an output power of about 1 W. Static etch rates of the order of 10 pmμmsol;s were obtained at measured background etch rates less than 103 nm/s. The influence of the laser power on the etch rate suggests dominating thermally activated etch reactions. Due to the thermal nature of the etch process etched lines of about two times smaller width than the estimated laser spot diameter could be obtained. Etching of lines in thin Ti films on glass subsu'ates was performed by laser direct writing at speeds of about 1 mm/s and a laser power of about 0.3 W. Cutting of thin Ti foils was obtained at cutting velocities of about 30 um/s and a power of 0.8 W. The width of the etched lines was found to be controlled by laser power and wr...


With the premise that writing is a highly individualistic proces s , this study was designed to examine fourth graders ' perceptions of writing . What do students think writing i s ? Why do they write? How do they view themselves as writers ? Twentysix fourth grade students were individually interviewed to investigate their perceptions of writing . The interview consisted of a series of 1 0 questions . The purpose of each question was to elicit the student ' s thoughts and ideas concerning writing . Each interview was tape recorded , and the responses were descriptively analyzed . Numerous conclusions resulted from the descriptive analysis of the students ' statements . The females were inclined to view writing more positively and their answers reflected a wider spectrum than the males . Past experiences , feelings , interests and previous writ ing opportunities influenced the students' perceptions of writing . The environment was another factor contributing to their perceptions of writing . Students viewed writing positively when it occurs outside of the classroom setting . Their wil ling ness and inter est in wr iting can f luctuate depending on the circumstances . At times wr iting can be enj oyable and pleasant , but ther e are occasions when students pre fer to abstain fr om wr iting . When students feel that they have a per sonal involvement and investment with their wr iting , they ar e mor e eager to wr ite . Selfselection of topic s , knowledge about the topic , the fr eedom to make individual choices about the wr iting , an adequate amount of time al lotted to complete the wr iting , and the abil ity to gener ate ideas can enhance the likelihood of stu� ents being motivated to wr ite . These same elements affect and contr ibute to how the students view · themselves as wr iter s . Students ' perceptions of their wr iting ability can fluctuate with each wr iting episode . When students have the oppor tunity to make decisions concer ning their wr iting and feel connected to it , they ar e pl eased with their f inal wr itten pr oduct . I n addition to the affective aspects of wr iting , the students ' answer s also r efl ected an under standing of the functions of wr iting and what it entails . It was evident that the students have an awar eness that wr iting has a pur pose and needs to be meaningful . Communication was the most commonly discussed function of wr� ting . The communication can be for the purpose of the individual , or it can be between the writer and others . Emphasis was al so pl aced on the importance of prewriting exercis es. Impl ications for future research included reproducing this study using a l arger number of subjects who were randoml y sel ected . A l ongitudinal study could examine students ' perceptions at an earl ier age and how they change .· Valuabl e insights coul d be provided through the expl oration of the connection between a student ' s p erceptions of writing and his abil ity to write . Because writing is presumed to be an individual istic process , each student ' s perceptions of writing needs to b e acknowledged by the cl as sroom teacher . Once the teacher has an understanding of a student ' s perceptions , it becomes easier to provide guidance and support as the student ' s writing devel ops. Ul timately , the teache r needs to assist the student in building a relationsh ip with his written work. Table of


Current literature suggests that bimodal users (i.e., individuals using a cochlear implant—CI—and a contralateral hearing aid) may report better outcomes in some listening situations (e.g., pitch perception and music appreciation) than bilateral CI users; however, several studies report conflicting results. Currently, there is no widely accepted criterion for bilateral simultaneous or sequential CI candidacy in adults, and clinicians typically rely on the patient's experience to determine whether bilateral or bimodal hearing is best for that individual. Therefore, in this study we compare responses from twenty-four bilateral and bimodal users on the Cochlear Implant Quality of Life (CIQOL) questionnaire. Results demonstrated that bilateral CI users report better scores for the emotional, environmental, social, listening effort, and global scales than bimodal users. No significant difference in age, speech recognition abilities, and duration of hearing loss between the two groups were observed; however, the two groups did differ on their duration of CI use, such that the bimodal users had less experience listening with their CIs than the bilateral CI users. These findings do not replicate previous in-lab results, which demonstrate a bimodal user advantage and stresses the need to further explore the self-reported benefits of bimodal versus bilateral CI hearing.


As its object to provide a fully depleted SOI field effect transistor, the threshold voltage is integrated for different transistors. High Ge SiGe film is formed on the insulating film of the SiGe layer and the low Ge composition of the composition, and that each film is formed over strained Si. As a result, by configuring the transistors each having a channel region in the strained Si film thus obtained it has a threshold voltage to each other, the other integrated transistors. A field effect transistor, fully depleted, lattice relaxation, buried, isolated, modified


LEDs and diode lasers, using a Schottky barrier to restrict the current flow, have recently been reported. Devices with the current restricted by either a Schottky barrier (SB) or a dielectric layer have been shown to have similar performance but the reliability of SB devices has not been investigated. In this paper, the results of a reliability study on SB restricted GaAs/GaAlAs LEDs are presented. In comparison to the highly reliable dielectric isolated LEDs, SB restricted LEDs degrade fairly rapidly due to the interaction of Au and GaAlAs at the p-contact. During operation, Au from the heatsink migrates to the semiconductor and forms a AuGa alloy from which dark line defects initiate. By the use of a 1000 Å thick Pt or Pd barrier layer, Au migration is greatly reduced and the device lifetime increased. However, the thickness of the barrier metal must be further optimized before the SB device reliability is comparable to that of dielectric-isolated LEDs. In dielectric-isolated LEDs, degradation by Au–GaAlAs interaction is also shown to exist but only after long-term operation at elevated temperatures. Finally, since the processing and metallization for various stripe geometry lasers are similar to those used in our LEDs, GaAs/GaAlAs lasers should also degrade by these metal-semiconductor interactions.


This study mainly intends to analyze the ideological, mythological and identitary aspects of the Americans. It verifies how the contemporary American mythology is adapting itself to the historical transformations it has been passing through as well, generated by one more global crises. Besides, it also considers Hollywood movies as mythological narratives. Three Hollywood films have been selected for this study: Red Corner (1995), Turistas (2006) and Gran Torino (2008). They were used as basis to the purposed analysis. In this way, the focus here is on the representation of the American citizen in each film, his speech, his relationship with the Other (the non-American), in the three different situations presented in this study


Habonucula n. gen. is proposed for Jurassic Nuculids which are characterised by feebly incurved, opisthogyrous, terminal umbones, and a complete absence of posterior area and umbonal ridges. H. agrawali n. gen. and n. sp, is described and designated as its type species.


In a tactical mobile ad-hoc network (MANET), unmanned vehicles are deployed for surveillance and reconnaissance. They send multimedia data to a center node in real time. In this letter, we propose a centralized TDMA slot and power scheduling schemes which maximize energy efficiency (EE) considering Quality-of-Service (QoS) for the tactical MANET. We formulate this problem as a non-concave ratio optimization, and propose the optimal slot allocation and power control algorithms based on the Dinkelbach method and the concave-convex procedure. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified by numerical results, which show a fairly good energy efficiency.


In this part of our study, we report the results of an experimental analysis of the structural and attributive blending modes discussed in Part I. This analysis results in a number of interesting findings relevant to the nature of multiple-component fiber blends. In the case of cotton/cotton blends, cotton fibers of substantially different length and fineness values can be blended together, provided that an adjustment is made to yield a proportionally balanced structural blending. The results also indicate that blending cotton fibers with substantially different levels of maturity and elongation may result in an attributive bias toward the fiber component exhibiting poor maturity and low elongation. When cotton and polyester fibers are blended together, there is severe bi-modality in the blended fiber length distribution. This bi-modality can occur even if the blend profile exhibits a linear pattern. When low-strength/high-elongation polyester is blended with high-strength/low-elongation cotton, nonlinear blend profiles of fiber strength and elon gation are produced. In this case, yarn strength and elongation are determined by the low values of fiber strength and elongation. When high-strength/high-elongation polyester fibers are blended with low-strength/low-elongation cotton fibers, linear and additive blend profiles of fiber strength and elongation are produced. In this case, the strength of the blended yarn is biased toward the high-strength component, and the elongation of the blended yarn is biased toward the low-elongation component.


A kind of Ⅰ-type radiant tube burner for low heat value gas is successfully developed by experimental study,and the lowest Calorific Value of gas suitable for the burner is up to 4 598 kJ/m3.The results of burner ignition experiment show that the flame detecting signal gradually weakens with the decrease of gas calorific value,and enhances with the increase of air excessive coefficient and gas flow.Besides having the advantage of using low heat value gas,the burner has many other advantages such as high heat efficiency,good temperature uniformity and low emission of NOx and CO.