This report assesses the feasibility of using an advanced analysis of wheel-tracking test data, coupled with a pavement design approach to predict the permanent deformation performance of unbound granular pavements. The pavement rut resistance method currently used in the Austroads Guide to Pavement Technology Part 2 - Pavement Structural Design globalises the deformation in the unbound granular layers and in the subgrade, which does not take into account the performance of each base and subbase material. Base materials deformation significantly contributes to total pavement deformation. Improved rut performance characterisation has been identified as a key area of research for unbound base and subbase granular materials. The first step towards developing an approach was to evaluate the permanent deformation models available from the literature. The second was to build a framework allowing both model calibration and pavement performance prediction. This was completed using a 3D model of the wheel-tracker which was developed to enable the analysis of the wheel-tracking test data in the model calibration stage. The report also presents the model calibration using previous laboratory data. Finally, the model was used to predict pavement permanent deformation.


Brachiaria decumbens toxicity resulted in an altered reticulorumen environment in the sheep. This adversely affected the growth and activity of microorganisms in the rumen as reflected by greatly decreased concentrations of the volatile fatty acids (acetic, propionic and butyric) in B decumbens-intoxicated sheep.


In this paper we propose autocorrelator using a nonlinear photogalvanic crystal. The main goal of this research was to demonstrate feasibility of the proposed technique to measure coherent length of ultra-short laser pulses.


It has long been posited that there is theoretically and qualitatively a type of manifestation that occurs when someone has the will to change completely their mindset to achieve their greatest potential. It is said that this manifestation happens owing to the permission for previously untapped cognitive neural cells to create new neuronal networks which leads to elevated cognition and human development [6, 7, 8]. Through his close observation of the cell development, Dr. Langham founded a model which consists of three distinct components that are the (i) creative component, (ii) organizational component, and (iii) the functional component of the cell development. Each of these components consist of various numbers of aspects that exhibit certain characteristics. Therefore, this research employed encephalography (EEG) data from healthy human participants to find out the characteristics of these aspects in the field of the human decision-making process or their thought processes. Analysis found that there was a strong presence of most of those aforesaid aspects in the brain signal data and subsequent research studies will analyze other types of physiological data or other types of nature data to ensure the veracity of these results.


Attenuation of compressional and shear waves in sediments often follows power laws with near linear variation with frequency. This cannot be modeled with viscous or relaxation wave equations, but more general temporal memory operators in the wave equation can describe such behavior. These operators can be justified in four ways: 1) Power laws for attenuation with exponents other than two correspond to the use of convolution operators with a kernel which is a power law in time. 2) The corresponding constitutive equation is also a convolution, often with a temporal power law function. 3) It is also equivalent to an infinite set of relaxation processes which can be formulated via the complex compressibility. 4) The constitutive equation can also be expressed as an infinite sum of higher order derivatives. We also analyze a grain-shearing model for propagation of waves in saturated, unconsolidated granular materials. It is expressed via a spring damper model with time-varying damping. It turns out that it results in a fractional Kelvin-Voigt wave equation and a fractional diffusion equation for the compressional and shear waves respectively, giving a new perspective for understanding and interpreting this model.


Portfolio flows to emerging markets (EMs) tend to be correlated. A possible explanation is the role global benchmarks play in allocating capital internationally, the so-called 'benchmark effect.' This paper finds that benchmark-driven investors indeed play a large role in a key segment of the market-the EM local currency government bond market-, accounting for more than one third of total foreign holdings as of end-2014. We find that the prominence of these investors declined somewhat after the May 2013 taper tantrum, but remain high. This distinction is important in understanding the drivers of EM capital flows and their sensitivity to different types of shocks. In particular, a high share of benchmark-driven investors may result in capital flows that are more sensitive to global shocks and less sensitive to country factors.


The steep-sloped, one-hundred-and-ninety-foot hill on the north crest of which lies the village of Filattiera dominates the valley of the Magra between Pontremoli and Aulla and provides a remarkable view of the mountain-ranges to the northeast, north and west. The village itself still has very much the appearance of a late-medieval community in which considerations of defence predominated over all others. First recorded in 1029 among lands sold to the Otbertings and subsequently an important 'fief' of the Malaspina, Filattiera's documented history is carried back another three centuries by a unique inscription of the reign of Aistulf (749–757) discovered in 1910 in the chapel of S. Giorgio. In spite of a puzzling reference to the destruction of idols, there seems no good reason for doubting the inscription's authenticity. It has been the starting-point of a number of local studies of great interest, coming in particular from the pen of Signor U. Formentini, which because of their publication in periodicals with a limited circulation have not attracted the attention they deserve. My own interest in Filattiera was aroused by the statement of a guide-book that the chapel of S. Giorgio was associated with the remains of a 'castle.'


Background: Wheat is a staple crop that feeds millions of people, but its productivity is significantly reduced under high temperatures. Maintaining grain quality under climate change is critical for human nutrition, end - use functional properties and commodity value. The current study aimed at assessing the quality and micronutrient contents under two environments for variability, correlation and path analysis.
Research Methodology: The research was carried in the experimental area of Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCSHAU, Hisar during 2019-20. The assessement was done for 48 wheat genotypes under two temperature levels (timely and late sown environment) in RBD design with three replications.
Results: Heat stress caused a significant reduction in grain yield, grain appearance score, hectoliter weight, sedimentation value, iron and zinc content whereas an increase in crude protein, total gluten content, wet gluten content, total soluble sugar. In the present study, total soluble sugar, wet gluten content, total gluten content showed highest values of variability, heritability, genetic advance as % of mean and thus are the most important quantitative traits to be taken into consideration for effective selection. A positive correlation was seen between grain yield and hectoliter weight in timely sown environment. Path analysis revealed highest positive direct effect for hectoliter weight and sedimentation value in timely sown condition while sedimentation value and iron content for late sown environment and thus in the process of selection much attention should be given to them as these characters are helpful for indirect selection.
Conclusion: A negative association between high yield and good quality should be an important target for the next breeding efforts or to determine a quality parameter that performs consistently in both environments.


In this short note, we give a brief introduction to (0,2) mirr or symmetry and quantum sheaf cohomology, oriented towards an audience of young physicists . After reviewing general aspects of (0,2) mirrors, we review the A model topological field theo ry and A/2 (pseudo-)topological field theory, and work through the details of computations of ome products of sheaf cohomology classes in simple cases in pedagogically-oriented detail. We also give general results for A/2 correlation functions onP1×P1, and discuss global aspects of A/2 model correlation functi o s over (0,2) moduli spaces.


Word of mouth (WOM) and observational learning (OL), as two types of social interaction, have been generally discussed by researchers. And both have a significant impact on consumer purchasing decisions. Online shopping has also begun in Indonesia, but consumers are not accustomed to shopping online often. During the 19th Pandemic many consumers did online shopping from various online websites. This study aims to examine the effect of Online Social Interaction: Observational Learning and Word of Mouth Against Consumer Online Purchase Decision during the pandemic covid 19. Researched as many as 250 respondents using online samples, using the convenience method. The results are expected to be able to test the proposed hypothesis about the interrelationships between variables. The results of testing using e views found that word of mouth has a significant effect on online purchase decisions, observational learning has a significant effect on online purchase decisions, there is an influence of word of mouth and observational learning on online purchase decisions simultaneously. The word of mouth is a factor that influences online purchase decisions with positive word of mouth, which will increase consumer online purchase decisions. Observational learning is a factor in making a purchase decision.

 How to Cite this Article

 Pubmed Style

 , Pramono R, Djakasaputra A, Bernarto I. Observational Learning and Word of Mouth Against Consumer Online Purchase Decision during the Pandemic COVID-19. SRP. 2020; 11(9): 751-758. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.106

 Web Style

 , Pramono R, Djakasaputra A, Bernarto I. Observational Learning and Word of Mouth Against Consumer Online Purchase Decision during the Pandemic COVID-19. http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=18438 [Access: March 28, 2021]. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.106

 AMA (American Medical Association) Style

 , Pramono R, Djakasaputra A, Bernarto I. Observational Learning and Word of Mouth Against Consumer Online Purchase Decision during the Pandemic COVID-19. SRP. 2020; 11(9): 751-758. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.106

 Vancouver/ICMJE Style

 , Pramono R, Djakasaputra A, Bernarto I. Observational Learning and Word of Mouth Against Consumer Online Purchase Decision during the Pandemic COVID-19. SRP. (2020), [cited March 28, 2021]; 11(9): 751-758. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.106

 Harvard Style

 , Pramono, . R., Djakasaputra, . A. & Bernarto, . I. (2020) Observational Learning and Word of Mouth Against Consumer Online Purchase Decision during the Pandemic COVID-19. SRP, 11 (9), 751-758. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.106

 Turabian Style

 , Rudy Pramono, Arifin Djakasaputra, and Innocentius Bernarto. 2020. Observational Learning and Word of Mouth Against Consumer Online Purchase Decision during the Pandemic COVID-19. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (9), 751-758. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.106

 Chicago Style

 , Rudy Pramono, Arifin Djakasaputra, and Innocentius Bernarto. "Observational Learning and Word of Mouth Against Consumer Online Purchase Decision during the Pandemic COVID-19." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11 (2020), 751-758. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.106

 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

 , Rudy Pramono, Arifin Djakasaputra, and Innocentius Bernarto. "Observational Learning and Word of Mouth Against Consumer Online Purchase Decision during the Pandemic COVID-19." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11.9 (2020), 751-758. Print. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.106

 APA (American Psychological Association) Style

 , Pramono, . R., Djakasaputra, . A. & Bernarto, . I. (2020) Observational Learning and Word of Mouth Against Consumer Online Purchase Decision during the Pandemic COVID-19. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (9), 751-758. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.106


4 sheets 5.5 x 8 inch. Handwritten and inscribed in blue ink. Envelope: 6.5 x 4 inch. Handwritten and stamped.


1. Quick stretching of tibialis anticus by a sharp pull on its tendon as the muscle lies slack in the decerebrate or spinal preparation (cat) elicits a reflex contraction of the muscle. The reflex is also obtainable in the intact animal under narcosis. It is more marked in the decerebrate than in the spinal preparation.

2. The reaction is a proprioceptive reflex, the only afferent nerve required being that belonging to the muscle itself. The tendon of the muscle and the muscular part immediately adjacent to the tendon are not essential for the reflex. It is not therefore a tendon phenomenon, strictly speaking. It may be termed a stretch-reflex.

3. The minimal amount of stretching required to evoke the reaction is very small, a stretch amounting to 1 mm.—that is, less than 1/100th of the total length of the muscle—being sometimes sufficient. A stretch amounting to about 1/13th of the total length of the muscle evoked the reflex in fullest amplitude.

4. Rate of stretching is an important factor in the stimulation, a slow stretching, however ample, being apparently unable to evoke the reflex.

5. The contraction has often the myographic appearance of a simple twitch, lasting about 1 second; but under certain circumstances it is considerably more prolonged. When well marked, it develops force enough to raise a weight of more than 30 grms.

Sometimes the response is multiple, and 2–4 separate twitch-like contractions succeed each other in quick succession.

6. The latent period of the reflex is shorter than that for reflexes evoked from the muscle by other afferent channels.

7. When the reflex response of the muscle has been tired out for the ordinary "flexion-reflex," this proprioceptive stretch-reflex persists unaffected by that fatigue.

8. Strychnine increases the reflex.


Weak fluorochemical sales have caused stockpiles of both HF and aluminium fluoride (AIF 3 ) to rise while prices continue to fall. As a result, a number of Chinese HF producers have either stopped or limited their production until the market shows signs of recovery.

This development in fluorochemical output is likely to have repercussions on China's domestic fluorspar demand over the coming months, a market which last year consumed over 1.75m tonnes of acid grade fluorspar (acidspar) alone.

Although this may lead to a further contraction in fluorspar sales in the short-term, a slowdown in production is likely to offset the overcapacity of HF, which haunts today's fluorochemical market.


Postprandial lipaemia (PPL) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to its atherogenic tendencies. PPL is characterised by an increase in the concentration of blood triglycerides and the metabolic events that occur following the digestion and absorption of a meal containing fat. Consumption of takeaway food (TF) has been on the rise over the past few decades, often containing a range of ingredients associated with a risk of developing CVD. To date there have been no studies which compare differences in TF consumption and the effects, if any, on postprandial responses to a high calorie test meal (HCTM). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of TF consumption on markers of postprandial lipid metabolism and risk of developing CVD later on in life. The objectives were to identify the dietary patterns of two groups, measure their lipid profiles, and assess whether regular TF consumers (RTFC) had a higher intake of unhealthy foods compared to non-TF consumers (NTFC). Ethical approval and written informed consent were obtained prior to participation. Thirteen healthy volunteers were split into two groups; RTFC and NTFC. The HCTM was administered and bloods were analysed across a two hour period using Cholestech LDX point of care to assess PPL between groups. Usual dietary intake was assessed by using the EPIC-Norfolk food frequency questionnaire and responses were processed using FETA software. Demographical characteristics and anthropometrics were recorded. All data were analysed using descriptive statistics; SQRT transformations were applied to data not normally distributed. Mixed betweenwithin subjects ANOVA, to compare variables, and independent t-tests, to differentiate nutrient intakes, were carried out between RTFC and NTFC. PPL response was measured as area under the curve and incremental area under the curve according to the trapezoid rule.


IN the Croonian Lectures delivered before the Royal College of Physiciansin June of last year and referred to in a recent issue. Matthew J. Stewart dealt with precancerouslesions of the alimentary tract.' He statedthat the most hopeful aspect of cancer researchis that connected with the demonstrationof local causativefactorsand the preventionof precancerouslesions. This, of course, applies chiefly to the more superficial kinds of malignant disease,which, however, constituteonly a sma II proportion of the whole. Precancerous lesions of the alimentary tract do not afford the sameopportunitiesfor prophylaxis. Stewartmade specialreferenceto cancerof the liver, primary carcinoma of that organ being rare in white-skinned races. In Leeds, from 1910 to 1931, 14 caseswere discoveredat 12,800 autopsies. If seven doubtful caseswere added,the percentagewas 0·16. Excluding personsunderthirty yearsof age,the percentage becomes0·25. The incidenceamong some coloured races is greater: in Chinese and Javaneseit is 2·3% and among South African natives 2%. The Hungarianpercentageis 0·3. Among SouthAfrican nativesJ. H. HarveyPirie found 36 primary cancers of the liver in 91 carcinomata. In the Dutch East Indies, of 447 tumours examined,83 were primary cancersof the liver, almostthe whole of which were from Chineseand Jl1vanesepatients,amongstwhom they represented57% and 32% of all tumours examined. Different explanations have been given of this racial incidence. In SouthAfrica and the Far East hepatic cirrhosis associatedwith schistosomiasisis held to be a possiblefactor. In China anothp{fluke,


The police frequently encounter explosives in their forensic investigations related to criminal and terrorist activities. Chemical analysis of explosives can yield valuable tactical information for police and counter-terrorist units. Within the compass of her doctoral research, Karlijn Bezemer has developed a new generation of tools which can be used to not only identify signature properties of explosives and their raw materials but also to enable comparison of explosives. Bezemer, who works at the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI), is set to obtain her Ph.D. at the University of Amsterdam (UvA) on Wednesday, 2 September.


This paper highlights a range of facets of meaning of modals that are determined in context, all of which have to be addressed in a model of meaning if it is to be explanatorily adequate. A sketch is drawn of a such a model that differentiates three levels of meaning: context-independent meaning, context-dependent semantics and pragmatic meaning.


1. The uptake of 14C-labelled dopamine and norepinephrine by the subcellular granules in brain stem was investigated.2. The uptake was observed when the granules were incubated at 30°C and not occurred at 0°C. Much more dopamine was taken up than norepinephrine by the granules.3. Reserpine inhibited the uptake of both dopamine and norepinephrine, but oxypertine (Win 18501-2) inhibited only the uptake of norepinephrine at a very low concentration. Iproniazid and adenosine triphosphate influenced the uptake of norepinephrine to some extent.4. Preincubation of the granules with iproniazid rather potentiated the inhibitory action of reserpine on the uptake of norepinephrine.


Recurrent tonsillitis has been the subject of frequent investigation. Misuse of antibiotic therapy in acute tonsillitis, changes to the tonsillar microflora, structural changes to the tonsillar crypts, and viral infections have been listed as predisposing or causal factors for recurrent tonsillitis. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection usually occurs in early childhood and may persist in tonsillar lymphocytes, thus leading to the onset of recurrent tonsillitis. Little is known about the persistence and reactivation of EBV strains in immunocompetent patients. Methods such as in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunochemistry have been used to study the pathogenesis of the EBV. AIM: this study aims to characterize the association between EBV and recurrent tonsillitis by investigating the presence of EBV through PCR and immunohistochemistry, using viral protein LMP-1 as a target. STUDY DESIGN: this is a cross-sectional study with analysis of sample prevalence. MATERIALS AND METHOD: twenty-four paraffin-embedded tonsil specimens from the Pathology Service were selected. The specimens were removed from children aged between 2 and 12 years diagnosed with recurrent tonsillitis. RESULTS: EBV genome was detected in 13 (54.1%) specimens, whereas viral protein LMP-1 was found in 9 (37.5%) specimens. CONCLUSION: children's tonsils can be colonized by EBV and such colonies may be associated with the pathogenesis of recurrent tonsillitis.


This paper introduce the work mechanism of hook on Windows.It has discussed program method of Windows Hook with Visual C ++ 6.0. And at last, an example are given to the Hook programm.


Futures contract is one of derivative instruments in which its value depends on underlying asset's price fluctuation in the future. At the beginning, the futures contracts were traded with hedging motive, but now they are traded with speculative motive also. As an agricultural nation, finally, Indonesia has a commodity futures exchange (BBJ) by the end of 2000. Low volume of transactions and less futures alternative on BBJ made Tokyo Grain Exchange (TGE) as the object of this research. The statistical test concluded: The average rate of return of futures portfolio model is greater than average of forex trading of USD, and the risk of futures portfolio model is greater than forex trading of USD.


Abstract With the goal of developing a new type of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) agent, selective internalisation of submicrometer boron carbide spherical particles into cancer cells via surface transferrin conjugation is demonstrated and confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Herein, negatively charged, spherical, submicrometer boron carbide (B4C) particles were coated with positively charged poly-L-lysine and negatively charged poly-γ-glutamic acid; the particles were subsequently conjugated with transferrin. It was confirmed in vitro and in vivo by confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy that the coated particles interacted with transferrin receptors that were highly expressed on the surface of cancer cells, endocytosed by tumour cells, and transferred to the proximity of the nucleus. The submicrometer size of the particles provided stronger interaction between transferrin and transferrin receptors and hence resulted in more efficient internalisation than that obtained using nanoparticles. This method might be effective for the selective internalisation of large submicrometer particles for high therapeutic effects due to the large particle size, but with small particle dosages.


This paper summarizes the research abroad on social network service(SNS ) and its application in the organizations including enterprise, government, library etc., and knowledge management, which provides domestic relative research and practices with experiences and references.


A series of pyridazino[4,5-b]indole lactams and their reduction products was prepared in an attempt to uncover monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity. The reduction and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of these compounds are dealt with. Some are weak analgesics but no other pharmacological activity was found.


A visit of the four farms was made with the managers in charge. The report describes the observations on state of the four farms thanks to the information given by the managers and supervisors. Recommendations are made to improve some points, which relate to: - Improved weed control. The use of shade and legumes cover crop is suggested. - Some explanations about pruning techniques to justify the needed change. - A fertilization program for the coming years. In all farms, the percentage of weak coffee plants is very high, and it seems to be a consequence of planting with bent rooted seedlings. The state of the coffee production is quite low considering the age of coffee (4-years-old). Therefore, it is important that Olam manages its own nurseries. Two of the farms (Thevada and Khongtoun) are well located and in a very favourable area for growing quality Arabica coffee trees. On the other hand, the other two farms (Xekatam and Xepian) are in a drier area and coffee is grown on quite poor soils, mainly because the previous crops consisted of grasses and reeds. In both these farms, the soil nutrient levels are below the acceptable thresholds for coffee. There is need to drastically increase the organic matter and use of leguminous shade trees. In these farms, the use of irrigation is also strongly suggested to compensate for lack of rainfall. The last day, a summary of the observations and recommendations was reported to the director and all the staff. (Resume d'auteur)


The study was conducted on 14 Haryana state level junior judo players to find out the effectiveness of Russian current stimulation as a recovery modality following exhaustive exercise on heart rate, temperature, blood lactate and blood pressure. Each subject was asked to do 20-m shuttle run test until exhaustion for three times with one week gap in between. After shuttle test, each subject underwent the following three recovery interventions, between 3-33 min, in a systematic random order. Recovery I: passive recovery where the subject was asked to sit for 33 minutes. Recovery II: active recovery where the subject was asked to walk/run at 60% maximal heart rate (MHR) between 3-33 minutes. Recovery III: electrical stimulation where the subject received Russian current (50 hz, 10 sec on: 50 sec off) for 5 min i.e. 3rd to 8th min and 18 to 23 min of recovery with interspersed 10 min rest in between. Heart rate, temperature, blood lactate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure was recorded before the shuttle test and 3, 8, 18, 23 and 33 minutes of recovery period. ANOVA repeated measures (within subjects) was used to see the effect of electrical stimulation on physiological parameters in different timings and ANOVA (between subjects) to compare the electrical stimulation with active and passive recovery. Significant level was set at "0.05" (p<0.05). Results showed electrical stimulation produced increased heart rate but not significantly, when compared to passive recovery but significantly less when compared to active recovery. Russian current also significantly increased the blood lactate level when it compared to both active and passive recovery values at regular intervals. Active recovery produced significantly lesser body temperature and lactate as well as significantly higher systolic blood pressure when compared to both passive and electrical stimulation modalities. It is concluded that electrical stimulation results in increased blood lactate production without much changes in other physiological parameters.


The present invention relates to frequency hopping, the method and apparatus for transmitting useful data at a single frequency block. By inserting packing between the sequence of useful data, and to ensure the stability of the frequency other than the transfer of useful data blocks. Also, upon receiving, when observation transfer between useful data and filling data, converts the received data to change a frequency converter the frequency of the baseband signal, in the loaded data exists in the frequency hopping occurs during the above-described converters.


The micro constituents of austempered spheroidal graphite aluminium cost iron were investigated. The heat tinting, special etching and microhardness measurement techniques were used. The results showed that the colour of each micro constituents and the hardness values in austempered ductile iron depend on the carbon content of each phase. The above techniques were supported by using an special etching which showed similar differences in each phase. It was shown that the heat tinting and special etching are reliable tools to characterise the complex matrix of ADI. The microhardness data supported interestingly the colour changes in above technique.


We study a relation between three different formulations of theorems on separable determination - one using the concept of rich families, second via the concept of suitable models and third, a new one, suggested in this paper, using the notion of $\omega$-monotone mappings. In particular, we show that in Banach spaces all those formulations are in a sense equivalent and we give a positive answer to two questions of O. Kalenda and the author. Our results enable us to obtain new statements concerning separable determination of $\sigma$-porosity (and of similar notions) in the language of rich families; thus, not using any terminology from logic or set theory.
Moreover, we prove that in Asplund spaces, generalized lushness is separably determined.


Resting metabolic rates (RMR) and respiratory quotients (RQ) were measured in seven gray seals, Halichoerus grypus (three adults and four juveniles), at different times of day. Resting metabolic rates did not change significantly throughout the day. The lack of detectable diel changes in RMR may be attributed to the large body mass of the animals or to limitations of the experimental design. Respiratory quotient values differed significantly with time of day, being higher in the morning compared with other time periods. Further analysis indicated that apparent changes in RQ could be attributed to the confounding effect related to duration of food deprivation. Once corrected for this effect, RQ did not change in relation to time of day. The latter result suggests that gray seals may enter a starvation state after 24 h of food deprivation.


The purpose of the research was to examine the Indian youth's need for uniqueness (NFU) and their attitudes towards luxury brand as an expression of individuality. A primary research was conducted amongst Indian University students to ascertain their NFU and perception of luxury brands. It was apparent that while the NFU is not very high amongst the Indian youth, luxury brands do symbolise status and individuality to them and serve a value- expressive function. As the Indian social system is witnessing a transition from traditional family driven values to more of western and individual-centric values, NFU and expression of self-identity amongst Indian youth may also become more marked. While marketing global luxury brands in India, advertising may be focused towards conveying a new identity to the consumers yet maintaining a balance with traditional norms and value systems.


BACKGROUND: Changes in nails with psoriasis are observed in 8090% of patients. Pathological processes in the nail apparatus in patients with psoriasis are associated with both the underlying disease and the infectious nature.
AIMS: To evaluate the clinical features of the affected nail plates in patients with psoriasis, the prevalence and etiology of onychomycosis in patients with psoriasis with altered nail plates.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 102 patients with psoriasis vulgaris, mild and moderate, stationary stage with altered nail plates were examined. A clinical and laboratory (microscopic and cultural) study of the affected nail plates was carried out.
RESULTS: After mycological studies and physical examination of the affected nails of 102 patients, the following groups of nail diseases in patients with psoriasis were identified: psoriatic onychodystrophy (76; 74.5%) patients, onychomycosis (30; 29.4%) patients, traumatic onycholysis (4; 3,9%) patient, onychocryptosis (3; 2.9%) patients. 11 (14.5%) patients with psoriatic onychodystrophy had a complication in the form of a fungal infection. Distal-lateral subungual form of onychomycosis was detected in 17 patients (56.7%), total dystrophic form ― in 10 patients (33.3%), white superficial form ― in 2 patients (6.6%), proximal subungual form ― in 1 patient (3.3%).
CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of clinical and mycological examination of the affected nails of patients with psoriasis, it was revealed that 74.5% of patients have manifestations of psoriatic onychodystrophy, 29.4% ― onychomycosis. Among patients with psoriatic onychodystrophy, 14.5% had a complication in the form of a secondary fungal infection. The main causative agents of onychomycosis are Candida spp. (63.3%). The incidence of dermatophytes (Trichophyton spp.) Was 36.7% of the total number of cases. The main clinical forms of onychomycosis in patients with psoriasis are distal-lateral (56.6%), total dystrophic (33.3%).


Mormon Island Auxiliary Dam, part of the Folsom Dam and Reservoir Project near Sacramento, California, is founded on alluvial materials that were dredged and processed for gold on several occasions in the first half of the century. The dredging process redeposited the alluvium in an extremely loose condition. Corps of Engineers (COE) safety of dams investigations indicated that extensive liquefaction was expected, and catastrophic loss of reservoir could result, under earthquake loading. A low reservoir level in 1990 due to drought conditions allowed access to the upstream area requiring remediation without implementing reservoir restrictions. Dynamic compaction was selected to at least partially remediate the relatively coarse-grained dredged alluvium. Specialized dynamic compaction equipment was required to accomplish the specified work in the limited timeframe available for construction.


Abstract Two species, torpedograss and Southern watergrass, are very difficult to selectively control when they invade desirable turfgrass stands. The purpose of this study was to evaluate selective control of torpedograss and Southern watergrass in 'Tifway' bermudagrass turf. Greater than 86% control of torpedograss was observed 4 wk after sequential treatment (WAST) with quinclorac, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, quinclorac and trifloxysulfuron-sodium, sulfentrazone + imazethapyr and quinclorac and trifloxysulfuron-sodium, and quinclorac and trifloxysulfuron-sodium followed by (fb) glyphosate. However, by 8 WAST, control was reduced to <36% for all treatments. Greatest Southern watergrass control was achieved 4 WAST with trifloxysulfuron-sodium (83%), and thiencarbazone-methyl + foramsulfuron + halosulfuron-methyl (75%). Limited control (<30%) was observed with other treatments. By 8 WAST, Southern watergrass control was <12% for all treatments. This study suggests that short-term control/suppression of these two species is possible; however, long-term control is limited with single-year programs. These weeds will probably require multiple applications in successive years to reduce infestations. Future research should continue to screen other herbicides, combinations, and timings for control of these and other perennial grass weeds.


Plant disease development under natural field conditions depends on many factors, especially temperature and moisture. Precipitation during the growing season is highly conducive to many diseases, through its great impact on plant pathogen buildup. Even monthly average departures from long-term means of temperature and precipitation correlate well with plant disease occurrence. This information is important to plant pathologists in predicting and forecasting warnings to producers of agricultural commodities. As a result, better and more effective methods can be devised in plant protection. Summarized data of monthly temperature and precipitation departures for Kansas in 1961 are presented in Table 1. Such numerical criteria, although useful in overall analysis, are too crude to explain precisely the conditions favoring the occurrence and development of numerours pathogenic organisms on many different crops during the reported year. A short review of weather conditions will help to clarify the incidence and severity, particularly of soilborne and leaf-spot diseases. January, 1961, was the driest January ever recorded in Kansas, with mild temperatures during the first 3 weeks; but cold later. Well distributed and sufficient precipitation with above average temperatures in February stimulated activities in preparation of soil for spring planting, These were enhanced by warm and uniformly distributed temperatures and adequate and frequent well distributed rains in March in all parts of the state.


Five-level hybrid active neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverters have recently attracted much attention due to their high power density and quality, dv/dt, and low stress on switching devices. There have been various modulation schemes presented to control the five-level hybrid active NPC inverter. Among these approaches is phase-shift pulse-width-modulation (PWM), which has a natural voltage balancing capability. However, implementing this scheme on a microcontroller is complex and results in a distortion in the output voltages owing to an abnormal delay in the generated PWM pulses. Therefore, an effective switching scheme is proposed in this paper to eliminate any abnormal delay in the conventional phase-shift PWM. The proposed switching scheme is generated based on inverted reference voltages per phase to control the five-level hybrid active NPC inverter. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed phase-shift PWM in generating five-level output voltage without any distortion.


Variable cylinders internal combustion engine works with variable number of cylinders. For gasoline engines, the fuel consumption rate rises rapidly with the decline of shaft power when operating at low load. If we reduce the number of cylinders but keep a constant power, each cylinder has more load and then works with low fuel consumption. At the same time, the spare cylinder can be used as an air compressor to recycle the energy lost in deceleration, braking or idle state. Pressed air is the carrier of recycled energy. Experiments show the fuel saving function similar to small-engine cars and energy recovery similar to expensive hybrid cars.


Hadith as the main foundation of Islamic law, second after the Holy Qur'an, has a very large role and portion in the history of Islam. Since the revelation of Islam in the period of the Prophet Muhammad until periods after that: the companions, tabi'in, tabi'ut tabi'in, also the scholars after to the present day. If the Qur'an is a direct revelation from Allah, the hadith is its complement and explanation that comes directly from the Prophet Muhammad, which of course also remains under the direct supervision of Allah. This paper is made so that Muslims can understand correctly the nature of the hadith itself, how its role and development has been until now, which explains that hadith are words, actions, decisions, and moral characteristics that come from the Prophet Muhammad. Because these hadiths are very numerous, the companions and tabiin have tried their best to maintain the purity and validity of these hadiths. So then came the Ilm Hadith Riwayah and Ilm Hadith Dirayah compiled by Muslim scholars to be taught to generations so that Muslims can continue to maintain existing hadiths, can understand them correctly and can distinguish between hadiths that are truly authentic and hadiths that are not. In addition, since the period of the companions and tabi'in the scholars also have started the codification (official book-making) of hadiths. The purpose is the same which is to maintain the purity of the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad so that they can continue to be maintained and conveyed to the future generations.


BACKGROUND AND AIM: In south-central Chile, outdoor air pollution primarily originates as household air pollution from wood burning for heating. The effect of COVID-19 lockdowns on ambient air poll...


Penicillium charlesii secretes a 65 kDa peptidophosphogalactomannan (pPGM) containing 10 phosphodiester residues and 10 galactofuranosyl-containing galactin chains attached to a linear mannan; the polysaccharides is attached to a 3 kDa seryl- and threonyl-rich peptide. The authors have now isolated and partially characterized a form of pPGM released from mycelia of P. charlesii treated at 50/sup 0/C for 15, 30, 60 or 120 min. Two- to 3-fold more pPGM was released by heat treatment than is secreted. Crude pPGM, released by heat, was fractionated on DE-52 and was fractionated into two major fractions on the basis of its difference in negative charge. /sup 1/H-decoupled /sup 13/C NMR spectroscopy of these two fractions provided spectra very similar to that of secreted pPGM previously reported from this laboratory. /sup 1/H-decoupled /sup 31/P NMR showed major signals at 1.47, and 0.22 ppm and minor signals at 1.32, 1.15, 1.00, 0.91 and 0.76 ppm. These signals are upfield from phosphomonoesters and are in the region observed for (6-O-phosphorylcholine)- and (6-O-phosphorylethanolamine)-..cap alpha..-D-mannopyranosyl residues which are 0.22 and 0.90 ppm, respectively. These polymers contain 30 phosphodiester residues per molecule of 70 kDa mass compared with 10 phosphodiesters in secreted pPGM. Acid phosphatase and alkaline protease were themore » only lytic enzymes released by heat treatment. The evidence suggests that much of the pPGM is derived from cell walls; and that the polysaccharide is highly phosphorylated.« less


Hospitality and tourism are among the worst-affected industries during this pandemic, with a global drop in demand. These industries are operating under strict restrictions, and a "new normal" needs to be defined. Because of its disruptive effects, hospitality and tourism providers must redesign the customer experience (CX), which is considered the core of the tourism and hospitality sector. Thus, this study sought to measure the views of the managers on customer experience (CX) design as an analysis of the impact of the pandemic in the local hospitality and tourism industry. This study emploa yed a descriptive method to identify the different variables of the study and presents quantitative research that utilized online survey method to gather data information from the respondents. Top-level managers from different hotels, resorts, restaurants and tourism sites in the prime hospitality and tourism towns in the province of Oriental Mindoro were the respondents (n=26) of this study. Results showed that the view of the managers on the measures designed to create safe customer experiences in terms of hygiene and protection, internal work reorganization, services cape reorganization, technology and digital innovations, customer wait time reduction, staff training and communication were all positively affirmative. As a result, these measures positively affected the intended experience in terms of reassurance, quickness and intimacy. It is recommended that the managers adopt and implement the proposed CX framework to enhance the customers' experience in various hospitality and tourism service providers despite the threats of the pandemic and to guide the managers to transition to post-pandemic situations.


In this study we examine the relation between firm's financial structure and family ownership. We develop a theoretical model of the precautionary cash holdings. Our empirical results show that the fraction of a company's shares that are held by the founding family members or their descendants influences the use of cash and equivalents, dividend policy and debt structure of a firm. Our results are robust to different estimation methods and alternative model specifications. We find that family firms tend to rely less on long-term debt financing, pay fewer dividends and carry higher precautionary cash balances.


This work investigates how thermal annealing affects the optical and structural properties of (ZnSe)2(CdSe)n short-period-superlattices multiple quantum wells (SPS MQW) grown by molecular beam epitaxy using photoluminescence (PL) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques. A characteristic that differentiates annealed SPS MQW from annealed conventional quantum wells is that much greater blueshifts can be observed in annealed SPS MQW as the annealing temperature rises above 400 °C. We attribute the larger blueshifts to thermally induced interdiffusion of Zn and Cd atoms between alternate ZnSe and CdSe layers. Furthermore, the PL emission in annealed (ZnSe)2(CdSe)n SPS MQW quenches at higher temperatures and yields a larger value for the activation energy than in as-grown SPS MQW. HRTEM images of samples annealed at 450 °C for 30 min clearly indicate that SPS structures remain in the quantum well regions of as-grown SPS MQW, but intermix and disappear in the well regions of anne...


Weierstrass' example of an everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable function is given by where λ ∊ (0, 1), b ⩾ 2, λb > 1. There is a well-known and widely accepted, but as yet unproven, formula for the Hausdorff dimension of the graph of w. Hunt [H] proved that this formula holds almost surely on the addition of a random phase shift. The graphs of Weierstrass-type functions appear as repellers for a certain class of dynamical system; in this paper we prove formulae analogous to those for random phase shifts of w(x) but in a dynamic context. Let T : S1 → S1 be a uniformly expanding map of the circle. Let λ : S1 → (0, 1), and define the function . The graph of w is a repelling invariant set for the skew-product transformation T(x, y) = (T(x), λ(x)−1(y − p(x))) on and is continuous but typically nowhere differentiable. With the addition of a random phase shift in p, and under suitable hypotheses including a partial hyperbolicity assumption on the skew-product, we prove an almost sure formula for the Hausdorff dimension of the graph of w using a generalization of techniques from [H] coupled with thermodynamic formalism.


Two Palestinian detainees held in Israeli prisons are at immediate risk of death as the hunger strike over administrative detention enters its 72nd day. The two detainees, Bilal Diab and Thaer Halahleh, are a part of the hunger strike that began on 17 April and now involves 1600-2000 detainees held in Israeli prisons, according to a report published on 8 May by Physicians for Human Rights—Israel.

The hunger strikers demand that Israel stops its practice of administrative detention (imprisoning people without indictment or trial, for an unlimited amount of time), solitary confinement, and other punitive …


The use of aquatic insects and other benthic macroinvertebrates to assess the quality of rivers and streams has a long and well documented history (Bailey et al. 1995; Davis et al. 1995; Thomas et al. 2002; Zimmerman 1993). The benthic macroinvertebrate populations, in addition to various chemical and biological assessment parameters, are used to characterize a river's or lake's current water quality and can chart trends within a particular water course (Bode 2002). The benthic macroinvertebrate communities, of which the aquatic insects and especially the aquatic nymphs, comprise a critical niche, are favored as a reliable and relatively low-cost indicator of the biotic health of water bodies (Bode 2002). The benthic macroinvertebrates are favored indicators for a variety of reasons, chiefly that they have limited mobility and remain in the same general area for many months; they have documented responses to a variety of environmental conditions; they provide a valuable part of the aquatic food chain; and they are relatively easy to collect and are abundant so that statistical analysis and trending is possible (Stroud Water Research Center 2004). Their responses (e.g. absence or presence, population numbers, deformities, etc.) reflect shortand long-term environmental conditions within their native watershed (Stroud Water Research Center 2004), and reflect intermittent discharges and the synergistic effects of in-stream chemical contaminants often too dilute to detect (Bode et al. 1991). In New York State, macroinvertebrate populations, and the biotic indices generated by these populations, constitute the primary means of monitoring water quality (Bode, personal communication). Begun in earnest in the early 1970s, simple biotic indices (also known as metrics) have evolved into ever more complex regional or ecosystem-specific formulae, which today number over 50 different indices ( Bode 2002; Barbour, et.al. 1999; Yandora 1998).


Monitoring the background levels from petroleum products is essential because of the everyday use and the increasing number of fuel, diesel, kerosene, and gas stations in Delta State, Nigeria. The study aims to determine the background ionizing radiation (BIR) in milli-Roentgen per hour (mR/h), absorbed dose rate (ADR) (nGy/h), and annual effective dose rate (AED) (mSv/year) in selected fuel, diesel, kerosene, and cooking gas-dispensing stations in Aniocha South Local Government Area of Delta State. The study was carried out using a calibrated Geiger Muller detector (Radiation Alert Inspector) in count per minute mode for point measurements and a geographical positioning system for determining the longitude and latitude of each point where measurements were taken from. The mean outdoor BIR, ADR, and AED were 0.011 ± 0.002 mR/h, 91.6 ± 19.5 nGy/h, and 0.11 ± 0.02 mSv/year, respectively, with 84% of the BIR below the world average. The mean BIR was below the world average while the ADR and AED were above it. Kerosene stations had the highest BIR. The outdoor measurements from this study were comparable to similar articles with slight variation. The study shows that the attendant and customers were safe in the areas where this study was conducted.


Abstract The synthesis, spectroscopic, magnetic susceptibility, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity measurements of the imidazolate‐bridged complexes [(Salgly)Cu‐Im‐Cu(Salgly)]Na, [(Salgly)Cu‐Im‐Ni(Salgly)]Na, and [(Salgly)Cu‐Im‐Zn(Salgly)]Na, where Salgly = salicylideneglycinate, Im = imidazolate ion are described. Related copper(II) mononuclear complexes are also described. A pH‐dependent EPR and UV‐visible study of a 50% aqueous DMSO solution of the binuclear complexes suggest that the complexes are stable in the pH‐range 6.50–10.50. At lower pH, the imidazolate bridge breaks apart with decreasing pH value.


A3 3 3 factorial study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three fixed levels of docosahexaenoic acid meal (DHAM) and arachidonic acid meal (ARAM), produced by using a meal that had high levels of the desired fatty acid (0.23% DHAM‐0.05% ARAM, 0.50% DHAM‐0.10% ARAM, and 0.75% DHAM‐ 0.15% ARAM), and three n-3/n-6 dietary ratios (0.3, 0.8, and 1.8), as well as their potential interaction on growth, survival, and fatty acid composition of hepatopancreas and muscle tissue of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, cultured in low salinity. Two additional reference diets with menhaden fish oil or soy and flax oils (n-3/n-6 ratios of 1.8 and 1.7, respectively) were tested. No significant differences (at P , 0.05) and no significant interactions were observed among treatments for final weight, weight gain, or survival after 6-wk feeding. This study confirmed that supplementation of DHA and ARA from alternative sources to fish oil is effective in promoting growth and survival of juvenile L. vannamei .T he fatty acid profile and n-3/n-6 ratio of shrimp tissue reflected that of dietary lipids, although more studies are required to elucidate how the n-3 and n-6 fatty acid balance in the diet relates to shrimp growth.


Abstract Three main types of elastomers are used for the sealing of radioactive material transport casks with elastomeric gaskets: ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), fluorocarbons type Viton® (standard designation: FKM) and silicon rubbers. Each rubber has specific characteristics in terms of temperature range, permeability, coefficient of expansion, etc. For the casks where high temperatures can be reached (200°C in continuous using), FKM gaskets are generally used. The problem is that this type of gasket does not guarantee the leak tightness at −40°C, which is a regulatory requirement. Two solutions are generally used to specify a minimum heat load or a minimum ambient temperature. The direct consequence is that it is impossible to get B(U) approvals on the new concepts when FKM gaskets are used but only B(M) approvals, which generate significant additional justification costs (multiple submittals of safety analysis reports, calculation of the minimum heat load or of the minimum ambient temperature, etc.). Therefore, it is important to develop gaskets with the same performance as FKM gaskets at high temperature but with enhanced performance at low temperature, which guarantee the leak tightness at −40°C. TN International has qualified a new generation of fluorocarbon O-rings (TN™ FLEX gaskets) which can be used in continuous service within a temperature range between −47 and +200°C. TN FLEX gaskets will be implemented on new casks designs.


Phosphate removal was important for wastewater treatment, and adsorption was an efficient treatment process. In this study, the layered double hydroxide adsorbent (BR‐LDH), which was prepared under alkali conditions using industrial residues boron mud and red mud, was used to adsorb the phosphate. The prepared BR‐LDH was characterised by X‐ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and Thermo‐gravimetric‐differential thermal analysis. Adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of dosage, contact time, temperature and initial pH of phosphate solution. The removal ratio of phosphate onto OBR‐LDH reached 93%. The adsorption data showed a good compliance with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. In addition, the mineral composition, the functional groups, the valence of elements and zeta potentials of OBR‐LDH before and after adsorption were used to analyse the adsorption mechanism. The result of real wastewater suggested that OBR‐LDH was excellent adsorbent for phosphorus removal from actual wastewater.


The hysteresis loops of a soft cylindrical particle with radius R=40–100 nm have been studied by means of numerical simulation in the range of thickness Lz=10–40 nm, close to the exchange length R0. Qualitatively, three different scenarios of magnetization reversal have been obtained depending on the particle thickness and aspect ratio. For a "thick" particle (Lz≫R0) with aspect ratio Lz/R∼1, the magnetization reversal begins via the nucleation of magnetization curling similar to the case of spherical or ellipsoidal particles of a soft magnetic type. On the contrary, for a particle with a small aspect ratio (Lz/R≪1) the magnetization reversal begins via the nucleation of a bending state, whose magnetization is constrained within the particle plane. For a particle with thickness Lz>R0, the bending state can lose its stability at certain value of applied magnetic field, at which one or two vortices nucleate within the particle. The evolution of the vortex pattern in an applied magnetic field determines the ...


We present the first detailed analysis of resolved stellar populations in the dwarf galaxies NGC 185 and NGC 205 based on archival V- and I-band WFPC2 pointings. For NGC 185 we deduce from the brightest main-sequence and blue-loop stars that star formation was probably still active about 4 × 108 yr ago and have three key abundance-related results: (1) We identify ancient stars with [Fe/H] ≲ -1.5 dex by a well-defined horizontal branch (HB). (2) We find a prominent clump/bump-like feature along the red giant branch/faint asymptotic giant branch (RGB/faint AGB) with the same mean V-band magnitude as in the HB, within uncertainties [i.e., ΔV(bump - HB) = 0]; from a comparison with theory, the implication is that ancient stars have [Fe/H] ∼ -1.5 dex, with a higher abundance level for intermediate-age stars. (3) From color information we infer that the median [Fe/H] > -1.11 ± 0.08 dex for ancient stars [assuming E(B - V) = 0.18 mag]. For NGC 205 we record a new distance modulus, (m - M)0 = 24.76 ± 0.1 mag, taking E(B - V) = 0.11 mag, based on the RGB tip magnitude method in the I band. We find that stars were probably still forming less than 3 × 108 yr ago in NGC 205, which is compatible with star formation triggered by an interaction with M31. There are three key abundance-related results for NGC 205: (1) The RGB/faint AGB is significantly skewed to redder values than those for a control field in the outskirts of M31; this probably results from a relatively narrow metallicity and/or age range for a significant fraction of the dwarf's stars. (2) From a comparison with models, the most metal-rich RGB stars reach [Fe/H] ≳ -0.7 dex (≳0.2 Z⊙). (3) For ancient stars we infer from color information that the median [Fe/H] > -1.06 ± 0.04 dex [for E(B - V) = 0.11 mag]. We briefly compare the stellar populations of NGC 205, NGC 185, and NGC 147. Finally, we study several V- and R-band structural properties of the nuclear star cluster in NGC 205 for the first time; the apparent V- and R-band effective radii indicate a blue excess in the cluster's outer region. In terms of size, the cluster is like a typical Galactic globular cluster or a nuclear cluster in a nearby late-type spiral galaxy, but it is quite bright (106 L⊙,R), unlike an ancient globular cluster, and by matching with models, the blue color hints that its stellar population is young, up to a few times 108 yr old.


Abstract The Supreme Court tells us, as a matter of law, that a moratorium is not a taking per se, not even when it extends over a period of several years, allows the affected land owners no economically rational land use, and leaves them only with their obligation to pay property taxes and make mortgage payments. I, a barefoot country lawyer, find this quite confusing because in 1987, in the First English case, the court held quite the opposite, that a denial of viable economic use of land for a similarly long period of time can be a taking per se requiring payment of just compensation. And so, since my meager intellectual resources are probably unequal to the task of plumbing this mystery, I leave to my colleagues the task of parsing Justice Stevens's reasoning in the Tahoe-Sierra case. For the moment I have had my fill of scrutinizing this intellectual shell game, though I have been known to indulge in such activity (Gideon Kanner, Hunting the Snark, Not the Quark: Has the U.S. Supreme Court Been Competent in Its Effort to Formulate Coherent Regulatory Takings Law? 30 The Urban Lawyer 307 (1998)).


Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of South-East Asia have been intensively investigated over the last decades, but males and ephippial females of many taxa remain unknown or poorly studied. Males and ephippial females of ten species of Chydoridae were collected by monthly sampling of eight water bodies during autumn-winter dry season in Сat Tien National Park, South Vietnam. Morphology of studied specimens is described and taxonomic status of studied species is discussed. Gamogenetic specimens were sparse in all studied taxa, contributing less than 8 % of the populations in samples. Gamogenetic specimens were found mostly during December-January, what suggests that daylight period is the main factor inducing a sexual reproduction in most studied species.


The objective of this study is to determine the effect of life insurance on the monetary poverty of workers in the CEMAC. To do this, data from the World Bank (2019), the United Nations Program (UNDP, 2018) and the Global Financial Development Database (2019) justified a study period which goes from 2007 to 2017. The estimation of the model used in this work was done, using least squares with indicator variables then corrected for problems of heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation of error terms by panel corrected standard error (PCSE) and the least squares achievable (FGLS), then by the generalized moments method. As a result, it first appears that life insurance can significantly reduce the percentage of working poor in CEMAC. And secondly, it appears that education is an important lever to combat the precariousness of workers in this sub-region. Finally, the results show that political stability and an increase in the growth rate of the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita also reduce the percentage of working poor in the CEMAC.


The formation of 2-amino-5-chloro-benzophenone from «Methaminodiazepoxide» (Librium®) is used for the detection of this drug in powders, blood and urine.


Mathematics in elementary school provides a whole foundation of knowledge that the student will need to expand more abstract contexts, establishing competencies and skills necessary to reason and think mathematically. Mathematical games have been an essential tool to minimize these distortions between theory and practice in learning mathematics. This study, carried out in 2019, aimed to present a memory game formed by Pythagorean suits, belonging to a kit of mathematical games produced by the research group GALC Geometry, Algebra, Combinatory and Logic. Methodologically, the proposal aims to propose this game as an alternative in educational practice in the teaching and learning process of mathematics in basic education. The use of new methodologies for the act of learning and teaching mathematics has strengthened the student's creativity in basic education, stimulating teachers to realign all their pedagogical practice in favor of a more motivating and current mathematics teaching.


A series expansion for a parameter related to the hard-sphere fluid chemical potential is shown to converge much more rapidly than the virial expansion. Using only the first three terms of the new expansion the known virial coefficients B6 and B7 are reproduced accurately and estimates are given for B8, B9 and B10. The chemical potential and the pressure are predicted accurately up to the density of the hard-sphere "glass transition" recently discovered by Woodcock.


*† This paper describes the activities of Swedish Space Corporation (SSC) for the operations of the ConeXpress – Orbital Life Extension Vehicle (CX-OLEV) mission. SSC have been involved in the project from the beginning and have performed the preliminary design of the operations concept and of the ground segment. The latter is largely based on the PrioraNet ground station network, owned by SSC and Universal Space Network (USN), whose core facilities are located in Kiruna (Sweden), Dongara (Australia), Hawaii (USA) and Alaska (USA), and which will be under control of SSC's Satellite Control Station in Kiruna. The next step of SSC's effort will consist in the definition of the detailed design. The particular requirements of this mission, which is characterized by the use of electric propulsion and by the docking of CX-OLEV with a client spacecraft, drive the design process and represent a challenge for mission operations. The current design of ground segment and operations and the planned activities of SSC are the object of this paper.


A 50-year-old, multiparous woman presented to our outpatient department with an asymptomatic lesion on the abdominal skin which had been present for four years. She had five living children and no significant adverse obstetric history. There was no history of visual disturbances, intermittent claudication, cardiovascular disease, or abdominal surgery. No significant family or personal history was reported. The patient was known to have carcinoma of the cervix and was undergoing brachyradiotherapy. Other associated comorbidities were cholelithiasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Examination of the abdominal skin revealed a single, well-defined, hyperpigmented plaque measuring about 5 · 8 cm located below the umbilicus. The plaque was studded with keratotic papules at the periphery, and these papules featured a central depression. The edge of the plaque at one side was advancing (Fig. 1). Peripheral pulses were equally palpable in all four limbs. A punch biopsy was taken from one of the papules at the periphery and was sent for histopathological examination. Clinical findings implied possible diagnoses of PPXE and elastosis perforans serpiginosa (EPS). Complete liver and renal function tests, as well as fasting blood glucose, were normal. Two-dimensional echocardiography was normal. Ophthalmological examination did not reveal any angioid streaks. Histopathological examination showed altered short elastic fibers in the reticular dermis which were seen to be extruding through the epidermis (Fig. 2). Von Kossa stain showed calcium deposition in the elastic fibers (Fig. 3). Thus, skin biopsy findings were consistent with a diagnosis of PPXE. The patient was treated with topical tretinoin (0.025%) for two months without any improvement.


The global trading system underwent two major developments as the 20th century drew to a close. The first was the agreement between the United States and China in mid-November that will enable the Chinese to join the World Trade Organization in the near future. The second was the WTO's failure during its ministerial meeting in Seattle in early December to launch a new round of negotiations to further reduce trade barriers and write new international economic rules.


Adhering to the fundamental goal of building morality and cultivating people, systematic, all-round, and long-term ideological and political education is the fundamental task of colleges and universities to cultivate new people with faith, sentiment, and responsibility. According to the requirements of educating people and educating talents of the newcomers, this paper constructs an ideological and political SPOC course for the newcomers in the computer-related professional to learn independently, using a blended teaching method based on flipped classrooms, taking advantage of the interaction and growth archive recording functions of the SPOC platform, and carrying out multiple evaluation on students through a mixed teacher team, accurately depicting students' ideological and political level, academic cognition and skills, and professional accomplishment, it realizes the unity of value shaping, knowledge imparting and ability cultivation.


A crucial aspect in the advancement of creativity in human-computer systems is the human-computer interface. High user motivation, the use of domain overlapping knowledge during all development phases and dynamic allotment of work in the team is required to achieve high efficiency, performance and speed in product development. This can be maintained by an adaptive interface both on the tool and on the information level. The design of adaptive tools for collaborative engineering, also involves decisions on the design of work processes and organisation. The aim of this paper is to give some recommendations regarding the design of adaptive IT-tools based on the consideration of the adaptation process required in the support of collaborative engineering. This approach is put into practice in the Collaborative Research Centre Development and Testing of Innovative Products', funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG), in connection with the design of an adaptive user interface for rapid product development.


To study the effects of nursing of the patients with intracranial arachnoidal cyst treated with neuroendoscope. Before surgery, holistic nursing was conducted to 21 patients with intracranial arachnoidal cyst treated with neuroendoscope. Within postoperative 24 h, they were nursed in such ways as keeping them sleeping at horizontal position, keeping the dressing clean and operating under strict aspetic manipulation, in order to prevent such complications as intrcranial hypotension, hemorrhage and infection.After operative treatment and holistic nursing, the symptoms in 17 cases were improved or disappeared significantly and those in 4 remained unchanged. [WT6HZ]Conclusion The treatment and corresponding nursing are considered to be safe and effective to the patients with intracranial arachnoidal cyst treated with neuroendoscope.


This work presents an analysis of the skeleton of a woman between 41 and 45 years of age from grave 40 of the cemetery around the church of St. Lawrence in Crkvari near Orahovica. The skeleton is dated to the Modern Age layer of burials, and radiocarbon dating gives limits between 1478 and 1636. The skeleton contains pathological modifications characteristic for the presence of venereal syphilis. These consist of strong, active and generalized inflammatory processes that affected almost the entire skeleton, and which are particularly prominent on the lower leg bones. A differential diagnosis excluded the possibility that the agents of these modifications are leprosy, tuberculosis, certain types of osteomyelitis and two other types of treponematoses (bejel and frambesia). The historical data on the emergence of syphilis in Slavonia during the Turkish rule have not been discovered yet. Taking into consideration the immediate vicinity of Hungary, and the assumption that syphilis was brought to Hungary by Spanish soldiers during the 16th and 17th centuries, it is possible that this is where the venereal syphilis that infected the woman from Crkvari came from. The assumption that syphilis was brought to Europe by Columbus and his crew from their first voyage from America will have to be critically reassessed, considering that today many well documented cases of syphilis in Europe before Columbus are known. Finally, the need is stressed for additional research in the archives and on the bone material in order to identify the sources and directions of the spread of syphilis and other infectious diseases in the territory of Croatia.


The digital games industry is always looking for innovation in user experience. A new trend in this field is the use of Augmented Reality (AR) techniques for intuitive, novel game interfaces [Bernardes Jr et al. 2008]. Among the several technologies related to AR, video avatars are one of the most attractive for games, because they allow the insertion of the game player's image in the game. Furthermore, the availability of commodity stereo cameras makes it feasible to employ 3D video avatars in consumer games. However, when a non-photorealistic rendering style is required for design reasons (often the case for games), the use of a conventional video avatar, even with 3D information, results in visual inconsistencies. This work presents a new approach to enable nonphotorealistic rendering of a real-time 3D video avatar. The project builds upon a 3D video avatar system designed for teleconferencing over Internet 2 for educational purposes, extending it with this new rendering method. The expected result is a reduction in the visual and cognitive mismatch between player image and synthetic environment, allowing for a more immersive experience.


The flux of high-energy protons slow-extracted from the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is limited by the induced radioactivity caused by the beam loss intrinsic to the extraction process. Methods to substantially increase the efficiency of the extraction process are of great interest to fulfill requests for an increasing flux of 400 GeV protons to the present experiments, located in the North Area of the SPS, and also for potential future experiments with very high demanded protons on target. A crystal shadowing technique to significantly reduce the beam scattered and lost on the electrostatic extraction septum during the third-integer resonant slow extraction process has been developed and a prototype system tested with beam. The technique is based on the use of a thin, bent silicon crystal to coherently channel or volume reflect the portion of beam that would otherwise impinge the wire array of the electrostatic septum and instead eject it into the transfer line toward the production targets of the experiments. In this paper, the concept is described and applied to the SPS machine in order to specify the requirements of the prototype crystal shadowing system. Beam dynamics simulations of the prototype system are compared and benchmarked to the results obtained through beam tests, before being exploited to understand the characteristics of the present system and the potential performance reach of an optimized, future operational configuration. The remaining challenges faced to bring the system into operation, the optimization possibilities and other potential applications are discussed.


In Brazil, the Army has been recurrently employed by the Federal Government to carry out activities that, by its nature, would have traditionally been carried out by other State agencies. However, even though this is admittedly a national problem, there are no signs of change. For this reason, the article aimed to discuss the peculiarities of the Army's activities in Brazil, highlighting how the functions traditionally performed by the military go far beyond preparing for war. From a methodological perspective, a theoretical perspective was adopted based on the concept of strategic culture and the geopolitical conditions of the Brazilian territory, a bibliographic review and consultation of defense documents and military manuals were carried out, which helped to understand the process of building the multitasking profile. As a result, a Trinitarian model of EB performance is proposed, representing a strategic Brazilian culture, which relates the participation of the Army to the process of building the national state.


These findings support the hypothesis that a frontal-subcortical abnormality is necessary to produce symptoms of depression (e.g., mood-related signs, behavioral disturbances, neurovegetative signs) in dementia. Behavioral disturbances (e.g., disinhibition, agitation, social withdrawal) were more likely to occur in FLTD than in AD or SCD.


Self-determination and quality of life are closely connected to one another and at the same time an important indicator on how the long-stay care functions. The aim of this study was to focus on the thoughts of the elderly people and their experiences on self determination and value in their long-stay care. In this qualitative study, eleven elderly people from five different long-stay cares in a medium big city in the south of Sweden have been interviewed. Data has been analysed according to manifest and latent qualitative content analysis. In the study the following five main categories have manifested themselves during the analysis; To face an accomplished fact, To do something for the satisfaction of others, To be dependant, To feel hopelessness, Not to be appreciated. The result shows that self determination within the long-stay cares need to be focused on, the elderly people didn't feel as though they had any influence on their situation. It was also evident that the elderly people felt they were not appreciated in society or in the long-stay care. The general theme expressing the latent contents in the interviews turned out to be disempowerment of the elderly people, creating an environment which neither empowers nor strengthens the self determination of the individual.


SIR–Shusterman should be congratulated on her fresh approach to conceptualizing brain injury in children. The language we use matters: it influences our behaviour and impacts those that we care for. Here is an informed health consumer telling us that like consumers are dissatisfied with the terminology used and we should listen. However, changing the name 'cerebral palsy' to 'early developmental brain injury/interference' is important for reasons beyond consumer satisfaction. As we all know, the term cerebral palsy is historical and dates back 150 years. What we understood then and understand now about aetiology and consequences are vastly different. Cerebral palsy has become an umbrella term that incorporates at least genetic, vascular, infective, and ischaemic causations that alone tells us nothing about aetiology and very little about consequences. As we move into an era of potential therapies, these distinctions will become increasingly important. Rosenbaum et al. rightly point out that, '. . . the word "palsy" has become largely obsolete . . .' Like many other words in medicine that have become obsolete, I think it is time we took the brave step of moving on. The term cerebral palsy has '. . . been variably used, with poor comparability across different places and times . . .' It can cause confusion and may cause offence. By no means am I suggesting that we dismiss the fine work done up until now in attempts at classification. Rather that we put a contemporary framework on the language we use both in scientific descriptions and with our patients; one that allows exactness (where possible) and shares a commonality with each other, our patients, and other researchers in neuroscience.


Objective Regular check-up with ultrasound in underserved rural and/or remote areas is hampered due to the limited availability of sonologists and ultrasound devices. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and satisfaction of health check-ups with a 5G-based robotic teleultrasound diagnostic system. Methods In this prospective study, sonologists from two hospitals manipulated the telerobotic ultrasound system to perform teleultrasound check-ups of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, bladder, prostate (male), uterus and ovaries (female) for the subjects. The feasibility and satisfaction of health check-ups with a 5G-based robotic teleultrasound diagnostic system were evaluated in terms of examination results, examination duration, and satisfaction questionnaire survey. Results A total of 546 subjects were included with the most frequently diagnosed being abdominal disorders (n = 343) and male reproductive illnesses (n = 97), of which fatty liver (n = 204) and prostatic calcification (n = 54) were the most. The median teleultrasound examination duration (interquartile range) for men and women was 9 (9–11) min and 9 (7–11) min (p = 0.236), respectively. All the subjects were satisfied with this new type of telerobotic ultrasound check-ups and 96% reported no fear of the robotic arm during the examination. Conclusion The 5G-based teleultrasound robotic diagnostic system in health check-ups is feasible and satisfactory, indicating that this teleultrasound robot system may have significant application value in underserved rural and/or remote areas to mitigate disparity in achieving health equity.


Plaintiff Summers had gone quail hunting with the two defendants, Tice and Simonson. A quail was flushed, and the defendants fired negligently in the plaintiffs direction; one shot struck the plaintiff in the eye. The defendants were equally distant from the plaintiff, and both had an unobstructed view of him. Both were using the same kind of gun and the same kind of birdshot; and it was not possible to determine which gun the pellet in the plaintiffs eye had come from. The trial court found in the plaintiffs favor, and held both defendants 'jointly and severally liable'.'


This paper reviews the development of Teaching Chinese as a Second Language (TCSL) and International Chinese Education (ICE) and covers the following topics:the logical connection between TCSL and ICE;the underlying momentum of the development;and the prospect of TCSL and ICE.In our view,language is a communication tool among people as well as a bridge between cultures;therefore,we need to make friends who know China and love China;we need to establish link with those "gentlemen" who are versed in Chinese culture and the specialists on Chinese issues who have their voice in the international arena.


We show that the time ${T}_{f}$ for the exchange of energy between like defects in glasses is shorter (${T}_{f}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ sec) than a characteristic time ${T}_{1}$(\ensuremath{\sim} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ sec) associated with direct relaxation of the defects to the "lattice" by one-phonon processes. This suggests that spin-spin flip processes constitute an important source of echo decay in glasses. We study the decay of the spontaneous echo amplitude, as a function of temperature and time separation between pulses, due to spin-spin flip processes in two different approximations. One of them takes into account explicitly correlation between flip-flop transitions. The shape of the echo-decay function and the order of magnitude of the phase memory time is obtained in both approximations. Finally we compare our results with recent experiments on phonon echo in glasses.


The present invention relates to a method for beamforming in cooperative multi-cell MIMO based on alleviated zero-forcing and to a method for transmitting same. The method includes the steps of: designing a beam to be transmitted to user terminals through a method for alleviated zero-forcing beamforming; and transmitting the designed beam. In addition, the method for transmitting information according to the present invention includes the steps of: forming a transmission beam through a predetermined equation; and transmitting information using the transmission beam.


The German Bundestag Committee for Research, Technology and Impact Evaluation of Technology has commissioned the latter institute to review both the effectiveness and conditions for the realization of projects as well the evaluation of the consequence of the measures undertaken, including their technical impact, aimed at easing the burden placed on the transport system as a whole and switching road transport to other more ecology conscious means of transport. Within the context of this study, options have been devised with regard to the measures that play a special role in the discussion of transport policy matters and also promise - a priori - that certain targets can actually be met. Of special importance are the new information and communication means (luK-Technik) which facilitate new ways of transport organization in general. A review has been made of these possibilities so that the available technical facilities can be made use of in such a way that they are going to be more conducive to the aims of the TAB project, i.e. to help ease the problems of congestion of the public transport sector and shift road transport to other more environmentally concerned means of transport.


Significance Human kidneys contain ∼2 x 106 glomeruli that produce ∼180 L per day of primary filtrate. Downstream tubules reabsorb most of the water, salt, and desirable low-molecular weight substances, leaving 1 to 2 L per day of urine containing undesirable waste products. Currently, most investigators think that the primary filtrate is low in protein because fluid exiting the glomerulus passes through slits spanned by a diaphragm that acts as a low-porosity molecular sieve. Our experiments challenge this view; they show that size-dependent permeation into the glomerular basement membrane and into a gel-like coat that covers the slits, together with saturable tubular reabsorption, determines which macromolecules reach the urine. The slit diaphragm is essential for capillary structure but may not directly determine glomerular size selectivity. How the kidney prevents urinary excretion of plasma proteins continues to be debated. Here, using unfixed whole-mount mouse kidneys, we show that fluorescent-tagged proteins and neutral dextrans permeate into the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), in general agreement with Ogston's 1958 equation describing how permeation into gels is related to molecular size. Electron-microscopic analyses of kidneys fixed seconds to hours after injecting gold-tagged albumin, negatively charged gold nanoparticles, and stable oligoclusters of gold nanoparticles show that permeation into the lamina densa of the GBM is size-sensitive. Nanoparticles comparable in size with IgG dimers do not permeate into it. IgG monomer-sized particles permeate to some extent. Albumin-sized particles permeate extensively into the lamina densa. Particles traversing the lamina densa tend to accumulate upstream of the podocyte glycocalyx that spans the slit, but none are observed upstream of the slit diaphragm. At low concentrations, ovalbumin-sized nanoparticles reach the primary filtrate, are captured by proximal tubule cells, and are endocytosed. At higher concentrations, tubular capture is saturated, and they reach the urine. In mouse models of Pierson's or Alport's proteinuric syndromes resulting from defects in GBM structural proteins (laminin β2 or collagen α3 IV), the GBM is irregularly swollen, the lamina densa is absent, and permeation is increased. Our observations indicate that size-dependent permeation into the lamina densa of the GBM and the podocyte glycocalyx, together with saturable tubular capture, determines which macromolecules reach the urine without the need to invoke direct size selection by the slit diaphragm.


[Objection] To observe the clinical curative effect of tension headache by three edged needle.[Methods] The stochastic digital method will study divided into the treatment group and control group,45 cases in treatment group and 45 cases in control group.The patients of treatment group were treated by three edged needle and those of control group were treated by acupuncture needle.[Results] Clinical curative effect,improve overall level and headache index headache in treatment group was higher than that of control group.For the neck stiffness,there were little difference between the two groups.[Conclusion] The method of treating tension headache by three edged needle was effective.


Benjamin Brecknell Turner is perhaps best known for his beautiful early photographs of rural England. This volume examines his role as one of the first, and still one of the greatest, of all British amateur photographers. Between 1852 and 1854 he compiled an album of 60 photographs, entitled "Photographic Views from Nature". A collection of vintage pictures, now in the V&A, it forms the basis of this book and a companion exhibition at the V&A in 2001 and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Aside from their intriguing historical and topographical value, Turner's photographs are also creative expressions in their own right. A tranquil stillness pervades his images, which were often made on bright, early spring or winter days with branches and rooflines outlined crisply against the sky. Alongside country scenes, made in and around the counties of Worcestershire, Surrey, Sussex, Kent and Yorkshire. Turner also photographed the radical modern architecture of the Crystal Palace in London's Hyde Park. Above the premises of his London candle and saddle-soap business, he made portrait photographs, and in 1857 he travelled to Amsterdam to make what are now known as some of the earliest photographs of the city. Many of Turner's prints and negatives are reproduced here for the first time as full-page plates, using state-of-the-art technology to reproduce the subtle tones, surface and hues of the originals. In addition, illustrations of watercolours, drawings and family portraits place his work in context.


The c-myb proto-oncogene and its product (Myb) are key regulators of haemopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation. Myb mRNA is expressed at high levels in most human myeloid and acute lymphoid leukemias. Both normal and activated myb genes encode transcription factors (myb) which bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner and transactivate reporter genes containing appropriate Myb binding sites. Transformation by myb is likely to reflect increased transcription of some of the same genes that are normally regulated by c-myb. Myb can repress certain promoters and potential target genes that may be repressed by Myb have been identified. It has also been shown that several known co-repressors and at least one co-activator (CBP/p300) interact functionally with the Myb protein suggesting that transformation by Myb may be mediated by the coordinate activation of some target genes and repression of others. The interactions of various co-regulators was studied through a series of mutants whose ability to transform haemopoietic cells was tested. These studies provide new information on the mechanism of transformation and leukemogenesis by myb and support our hypothesis that binding of co-factors could be essential for the transforming potential of Myb. Identifying an interaction between Myb and a cofactor that is essential for Myb's transforming activity provides a target for drug screening and could widen the therapeutic window for inhibition of leukemic cell proliferation. These studies also contribute to our understanding of the process of leukaemogenesis in general, because transformation by myb can be viewed as a model or paradigm that is amenable to experimental analysis.


The Canon PowerShot A1100 IS can use SD memory cards. The biggest capacity SD card that can be used in the PowerShot A1100 IS is 32GB. ...


A statistical screening design was used to test 12 emulsion and processing variables said to influence covering power in silver halide emulsions. Emulsion grain size was found to be the only statistically significant factor at an alpha risk of .10.


This paper investigates the role knowledge representation can play in machine translation (MT). After a short survey of the methods that have been used in MT to desambiguate an expression in the source language, I formulate the requirements for a knowledge representation formalism concerning syntax and semantics and demonstrate how KL-ONE fulfills these requirements. I am concerned with the question to what degree KL-ONE fits the task of natural language processing. Several MT-systems that use knowledge representation systems are represented. From the advantages and disadvantages of these systems I infer some proposals for an ``ideal'''' MT-system.


Published in the series Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials, Vol. 6 (1999)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles
Equipment, chemicals and solutions
Equipment
Chemicals
Solutions
Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation
Operational parameters for high performance liquid chromatography
HPLC-internal enrichment of the analytes
Analytical separation
Principles of the HPLC method

Analytical determination
Calibration
Calculation of the analytical result
Standardization and quality control
Reliability of the method
Precision
Accuracy
Detection limit
Sources of error

Discussion of the method

Keywords:

determination in urine;
high performance liquid chromatography;
HPLC;
analysis in biological materials;
occupational monitoring;
analytical method;
biomarker;
metabolites


FOREWORDP Skepticism is an honored tradition in science. Without it, science limps. Before proceeding, therefore, I wish to express my g ratitude to the genuine skeptics in the scientific-medical community who have offered constructive criticism of the field of c o m p l e m e n t a ry and alternative med icine (CAM). We at Alternative Therapies are grateful for your observations and invite you to continue contributing them. Nothing that follows should be construed as a rejection of the contributions of authentic skepticism to this developing field.


Call Dimensions: Options and Issues in Computer-Assisted Language Learning. Mike Levy and Glenn Stockwell

Laptops and Literacy: Learning in the Wireless Classroom. Mark Warschauer


Article history: Received 4 June 2017 Received in revised form 30 July 2017 Accepted 12 August 2017 Aims: Greater occipital nerve (GON) block may be a promising approach to treat migraine. However, the results remained controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the efficacy of GON block in migraine patients. Methods: PubMed, EMbase,Webof science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databaseswere systematically searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of GONblock versus placebo inmigrainepatientswere included. Two investigators independently searched articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effect model. Results: Six RCTswere included in themeta-analysis. Overall, comparedwith control intervention inmigraine patients, GON block intervention was found to significantly reduce pain score (Std. mean difference=−0.51; 95% CI =−0.81 to−0.21; P=0.0008), number of headache days (Std. mean difference =−0.68; 95% CI =−1.02 to−0.35; P b 0.0001), andmedication consumption (Std. mean difference=−0.35; 95% CI=−0.67 to−0.02; P = 0.04), but demonstrated no influence on duration of headache per four weeks (Std. mean difference = −0.07; 95% CI = −0.41 to 0.27; P = 0.70). Conclusions: Compared to control intervention, GON block intervention can significantly alleviate pain, reduce the number of headache days and medication consumption, but have no significant influence on the duration of headache per four weeks for migraine patients. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


Receipt for 25 francs, 50 cents paid to Joseph Dietrich for passage and provisions, to be repaid as soon as possible in either cash or goods. Signed Joseph Dietrich on January 6, 1844 in Galveston. "Received from Mister Louis Huth on behalf of Mr. H[enri] Castro in Paris."


. This work presents a 6-element dual-band multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna in an F-shape for smartphone mobile communication.. It has six antenna elements covering dual-frequency bands that cover the sub-6 GHz spectrum at 3.42-3.77 GHz and the sub-6 GHz spectrum at 5.30-5.63 GHz. The fundamentals are served by F-shaped microstrip feeding positions while the ground is cut in L shape with every antenna element. The proposed scheme's essential elements are examined. It is concerned with respectable S-parameters, adequate isolation, adequate radiation analysis, and efficiency. As proposed by the double-band frequency of 5G smartphones, Ant 3 has a maximum return loss of -35dB at 3.6 GHz and Ant 5 and Ant 6 have a maximum return loss of -38dB at 5.4 GHz.


Retrieval of temperature-vs.-depth profiles in a biological tissue structure from multifrequency microwave radiometric measurement data constitutes a typical inverse problem in which the data involve relatively large measurement errors. The authors have developed a method of solution for a class of problems of this type. The method gives solutions in terms of the confidence interval and level. It also has a built-in capability of assessing the degree of fit of solutions to unknown actual source distributions. An agar phantom experiment and computer simulation based on a five-band (1-4-GHz) radiometry were performed to test the method, and the results are presented.<<ETX>>


Synthesis of 9-(2-fluorobenzyl)-6-methylamino-9H-purine (1) from nine different precursors is reported. Compound 1 was prepared by methylamination of 6-chloro-9-(2-fluorobenzyl)-9H-purine (4), by alkylation of 6-methylaminepurine (5) or form 9-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1-methyladeninium iodide (8) via the Dimroth rearrangement. Selective 2-step methylation of 6-aminopurine 6 was accomplished by hydride reduction of 6-formamidopurine 9, 6-dimethylaminomethyleneaminopurine 10 or 6-phenylthiomethyl purine 11 to give 1. Compound 1 was also prepared by dethiation or reductive dechlorination of 2-methylthiopurine 16 or 8-chloropurine 19, respectively, or by hydrolysis of 6-N-methylformamidopurine 12, which was prepared from 6-dimethylaminopurine 13 by selective oxidation.


Culture guides the individuals to live their lives according to the beliefs set by the people of that culture. In order to know about the cause of any illness, the combination of knowledge and culture is considered to be a powerful tool. The study aimed to see the cultural perceptions about mental illness in Jalalpur Pirwala. This study focused on the carers of mentally ill persons by observing their perceptions regarding the mentally ill person of their families. The subject of the research was 18-60 years old mentally ill persons. Data collection methods included observation, unstructured interviews with practitioners (spiritual healers/bhoopa), and in-depth interviews were conducted with caretakers of mentally ill persons, selected through snowball sampling. Findings showed that cultural beliefs regarding mental illness are related to supernatural or divine phenomena in which causes of mental illness are Allah's will or punishment, witching, black magic, evil eye, curse or women's fault.


A grounded theory is one that is inductively derived from the study of the phenomenon it represents. That is, it is discovered, developed, and provisionally verified through systematic data collection and analysis of data pertaining to the phenomenon. Therefore, data collection, analysis, and theory stand in reciprocal relationship with each other. One does not begin with a theory, then prove it. Rather, one begins with an area of study and what is relevant to that area is allowed to emerge. Strauss & Corbin, 1990: 23


The size dependence of the radiative recombination rates of electrons and holes confined in a semiconductor InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot has been studied using large configuration interaction (CI) expansions. The confinement potentials were modeled by employing truncated two-dimensional parabolas. The calculations show that the radiative recombination rates from the ground states of the (multi)excitons are rather smooth functions of the dot size; no ``magic'' dot sizes with exceptional fast radiative recombination rates were found, but level crossings cause significant variations. The recombination rates calculated at the CI level are much larger than those obtained at the self-consistent-field (SCF) and free-particle (FP) levels. The exciton ground-state recombination rate increases monotonously with increasing dot radius, whereas at the SCF and FP levels the recombination rate is independent of the dots radius. Thus Coulomb correlation effects are necessary for explaining the predicted size dependences.