We initiate a study of supervised learning from many independent sequences ("trajectories") of non-independent covariates, reflecting tasks in sequence modeling, control, and reinforcement learning. Conceptually, our multi-trajectory setup sits between two traditional settings in statistical learning theory: learning from independent examples and learning from a single auto-correlated sequence. Our conditions for efficient learning generalize the former setting--trajectories must be non-degenerate in ways that extend standard requirements for independent examples. Notably, we do not require that trajectories be ergodic, long, nor strictly stable. For linear least-squares regression, given $n$-dimensional examples produced by $m$ trajectories, each of length $T$, we observe a notable change in statistical efficiency as the number of trajectories increases from a few (namely $m \lesssim n$) to many (namely $m \gtrsim n$). Specifically, we establish that the worst-case error rate of this problem is $\Theta(n / m T)$ whenever $m \gtrsim n$. Meanwhile, when $m \lesssim n$, we establish a (sharp) lower bound of $\Omega(n^2 / m^2 T)$ on the worst-case error rate, realized by a simple, marginally unstable linear dynamical system. A key upshot is that, in domains where trajectories regularly reset, the error rate eventually behaves as if all of the examples were independent, drawn from their marginals. As a corollary of our analysis, we also improve guarantees for the linear system identification problem.


The present invention relates to a cross member (10) for a dashboard (18) of a motor vehicle (19) having a first side segment (11) extending substantially along a first main axis (H1) and a first side portion (11.1) which the next to the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle (19) and a second side segment (12) which (H2) extends substantially along a second major axis and a second side portion (12.1) which is close to the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle (19) is located, and a middle segment (13) extending substantially along a third main axis (H3) and a third side portion (13.1) which is close to the first side segment (11), and a fourth side portion (13.2) which is close to wherein the second side segment (12), wherein the third main axis (H3) to the first main axis (H1) and the second main axis (H2) is offset, and the first side region (11.1) with the third S is connected eitenbereich (13.1) and the second side region (12.1) with the fourth side portion (13.2); a first connecting plate (14) having a first outer major surface (14a) away from the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle (19) and on the first side region (11.1) is attached, and a first inner major surface (14i), which next to the longitudinal axis lies and on the third side portion (13.1) is attached, and a second connecting plate (15) having a second outer major surface (15a) away from the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle (19) and on the second side region (12.1) is attached, and a second inner major surface (15i), which is close to the longitudinal axis and on the fourth side region (13.2) is fastened.


One of the principal scientific reasons for wanting to resume in situ exploration of the lunar surface is to access the record it contains of early Solar System history [1-3]. We argue that this record will be best preserved in ancient, buried regolith ('palaeoregolith') deposits, and that locating and sampling such deposits would be an important objective of future lunar exploration activities.


With the increasing number of readers,the damages of university library books in circulation become more and more serious.This paper analyzes the elements affecting the life of books,expounds the human factors that lead to damaged books,and then presents a series of measures undertaken to protect library books.


Ayurveda is the ancient medical science of India. It has been used since thousands of years to cure the diseases and to maintain the health. It is the ocean of the miraculous remedies for the many difficult entities in medical science. Having no advanced technology, the ancient experts like Sushruta explained the conditions using their senses only and identified them well. They found out remedies for all those conditions.With the help of advanced technology, it has become possible to diagnose the diseases accurately. But researchers are still fighting for the effective remedies available for all. In case of pain management, a good progress has been made to manage the acute pains. But in case of chronic pain it is difficult to avoid the problem of the adverse effects of long term use of medicines. Frozen shoulder is one of the conditions which are prevalent all over the world. The condition is self limiting in 1-2 yrs and may affect one or both shoulders. But during the course it is very distressing. Modern science offers a combination of NSAIDs, steroids, physiotherapies and operative intervention depending on the severity of the condition. It was thought to search for an effective remedy in Ayurveda and agnikarma was found to be promising. A clinical trial was performed and the results are presented in this communication.


In this article,it conducted system analysis on low yield strength occurred in initial production stage of X80 pipeline steel,by adopting Minitab statistical software,and carried out study from smelting compostition,steel rolling technology,metallographic structure and so on.The result showed that the process control ability of some key control points are high and don't appear abnormal,such as the the main strengthening elements C,Mn,Nb,Mo in melting components and the temperature of finish rolling and coiling.The main control point is that the high temperature of laminar flow cooling water lead to cooling rate decreasing,which directly result in abnormal metallographic structure,more quasi-polygonal ferrite and polygonal ferrite,uneven distribution of martensite and austenite islands,and nonuniform grain,finally,it generate low yield strength.


Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of RNA interference on proliferation and apoptosis on human ovary carcinoma cells SKOV3 in vitro.Methods Human ovary carcinoma cell line SKOV3 was cultured in vitro. SKOV3 cell were treated with siRNA for 24h to 72h and the growth inhibition rates of SKOV3 cells were measured with MTT method. In addition,the expression of bcl-2,bcl-xl,bax and caspase-3 protein in SKOV3 cell was observed by SABC immunohistochemistry.Results RNA interference inhibited the proliferation of SKOV3 cell on a time depending manner .The bcl-2 expression was decreased while caspase-3 expression was increased.Conclusion RNA interference could significantly inhibit the growth of SKOV3 cells, inducing apoptosis through up regulating expression of caspase-3 and down regulating expression of Bcl-2 .The results demonstrate that specific degradation of the mRNA of the gene is mechanism of RNA interference.


JORDAN SCHNEIDER'S ARTICLE1 IS directed in part against a talk I gave in 2004 titled "Libertarian Anarchism: Responses to Ten Objections,"2 in which I defended the moral and practical superiority of stateless over state-based legal systems. Schneider is unconvinced, maintaining that market anarchism3 will be unworkable because of the absence of legal objectivity. Unfortunately, it's not entirely clear to me what Schneider takes a legal system's objectivity to consist in, or why this feature is supposed to be available to states but not to anarchies. One of Schneider's suggestions is that rights cannot be objectively defined without an ethical foundation. Certainly; I agree. But why is this a problem for the objectivity of anarchist legal systems? I'm astonished to learn that it's because libertarian philosophy has "no ethics," is "self-admittedly baseless," and regards values as "oppressive"—an especially amazing claim for an article that lists in its bibliography both Rand and Rothbard, two libertarians (one minarchist, one anarchist) who based their accounts of rights squarely on neo-Aristotelean ethical theory4 (as do I, for that matter).5 This charge seems to be a non-starter, so I shall say no more about it.


Purpose:The purpose of this study was to study the effect of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for age-related macular degeneration with vitreous hemorrhage on choroidal neo-vascularization (CNV). Methods:A retrospective interventional case series in which 92 eyes with age-related macular degeneration with vitreous hemorrhage that received PPV were studied. Among them, 60 eyes without pre- or posttreatment other than PPV were selected. Choroidal neovascularization was expressed as the incidence of bleeding 6 months before and after PPV. The status of CNV after PPV was compared and classified as worsened, remained, regressed, disappeared, or unclassified. The influence of posterior vitreous detachment was examined. Results:The incidence of bleeding was reduced dramatically after PPV (1.11 ± 0.44 in preoperative 6 months vs. 0.03 ± 0.18 in postoperative 6 months, P < 0.0001). The status of CNV improved in most cases; 40 of 54 classifiable eyes (74.1%) were categorized as "regressed" or "disappeared." Postoperative visual acuity was significantly better than preoperative visual acuity (P < 0.0001). The status of CNV subsided more in those eyes without posterior vitreous detachment than in those with posterior vitreous detachment (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, −0.01−2.08; P = 0.054). Conclusion:The activity of CNV was reduced after PPV in eyes with age-related macular degeneration with vitreous hemorrhage. Visual acuity significantly improved, with only rare severe complications. The involvement of vitreomacular traction in the patho-physiology of CNV in age-related macular degeneration is possible.


The utility model relates to a conical plastic sleeve locating device for a horizontal position of a stereo garage, belonging to the field of machinery manufacturing. A wear-resistant conical plastic sleeve is employed and mounted on a locating shaft and is in clearance fit with locating holes, so that the horizontal locating of a car carrying board is realized. The conical plastic sleeve locating device has the advantages that the wearing can be effectively improved, the service life of a workpiece is improved, and the conical plastic sleeve can be conveniently replaced.


Abstract Background: There is a movement toward cost savings in healthcare worldwide. Surgeons can affect two main cost variables in an operation (controllable cost): disposables and time. Our hypothesis is that increasing disposable costs do not change outcome or operative time, but simply increases controllable cost. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients younger than the age of 18 years undergoing laparoscopic appendectomies for nonperforated appendicitis from January 2013 to November 2016. Data obtained included demographic information in addition to intraoperative details, including disposables used and associated cost, resident participation, operative time, and final pathology. Patients were excluded if perforation was present as confirmed by operative findings or pathology (Kansas City definition). Patients were also excluded if concurrent procedures were performed during the appendectomy. Results: We reviewed 918 patients and excluded 288 for a total of 690. Disposable cost, operative time...


The roots of Streblus asper (Lour) (Family: Moraceae), a quite available medicinal plant of Bangladesh, has been investigated for the screening of its analgesic activity by peripheral mechanism of pain reduction. The powdered roots were extracted with methanol at room temperature and partitioned with petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate by modified Kupchan partition method. In the screening of peripheral analgesic activity by acetic acid induced writhing method, the ethyl acetate and petroleum ether fraction at doses 400mg/kg and 200mg/kg body weight induced extremely significant (p<0.001) decrease in the number of writhes. The crude methanolic extract and other fractions also induced significant (p<0.05) decrease. The roots of Streblus asper can be considered as a potential candidate for analgesic products.


Drawing on decades of research suggesting an attentional advantage for self-related information, researchers generally assume that self-related stimuli automatically capture attention. However, a literature review reveals that this claim has not been systematically examined. We aimed to fill in this dearth of evidence. Following a feature-based account of automaticity, we set up four experiments in which participants were asked to respond to a target preceded by a cue, which was self-related or not. In Experiment 1, larger cuing effects (faster reaction times to valid versus invalid trials) were found with a participant's own name compared with someone else's name. In Experiment 2, we replicated these results with unconscious cues. Experiment 3 suggested that these effects are not likely driven by familiarity. In Experiment 4, participants experienced greater difficulties from having their attention being captured by their own compared with someone else's name. We conclude that attentional capture by self-related stimuli is automatic in the sense that it is unintentional, unconscious, and uncontrolled. Implications for self-regulation and intergroup relations are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Many breastfeeding mothers need a drug, but doctors cannot easily find out if the one they want to use is safe for the baby.


Study on hydrocarbon formation by reaction of graphite, serpentine and olivine and reaction of graphite and biotite was carried out under high pressure and high temperature using a diamond anvil cell apparatus. Gas chromatographic analysis results indicate that both reactions generate methane-dominated hydrocarbon, which means these reactions are likely significant ways of abiogenetic hydrocarbon formation in the deep earth.


Abstract. Problems with product quality during negative climate changes make the continuous improvement process difficult. The search for approaches consists of methodical and possible detailed analysis areas of these types of problem types. Therefore, the objective of the article was to develop a method to analyze problems with the quality of products considering the impact on the natural environment. The method was developed by a coherent combination of selected techniques, i.e.: brainstorming (BM), Ishikawa diagram, 5M rule, multiple voting, seven-point Likert scale, and the IPA method. A method was carried out for mechanical seal of the 410 alloy, on which a porosity cluster was detected. The originality of the study is that the proposed method supports a consistent methodical analysis of any problem with the quality of products and verifies these problems in view of their impact on the natural environment. Simultaneously, the result obtained from the method determines the main causes of the problem, from which to begin improving the quality of the product considering the impact on the natural environment. This method can be applied to any product and the incompatibilities detected on them. Therefore, the method can be used in service-production enterprises to improve products in terms of qualitative-environmental.


This paper deals with the simulation of the reverse current density of 4H-SiC ultraviolet- (UV) photodetector devices based on p-i-n diodes. Simulations using the finite-element method presented in this paper lead to an understanding of the photodetector current density levels in dark field, as well as under UV exposure. The theoretical study coming from these simulations allows us to propose some UV-photodetector performance enhancements. A way to improve the UV-photodetector performance is to increase the current density at reverse bias. This study demonstrates the improvement in electrical characteristics achievable by either optical or electrical means. Optical simulations prove that an increase in photon harvesting is possible by using a specific patterned surface, a surface grating which behaves as a photonic crystal. In addition to the absorption enhancement achieved caused by this kind of surface, we point out wavelength selectivity. Nevertheless, the electrical simulation confirms that the electric field placement is of primary importance. To ensure that the photon absorption is carried out inside the space-charge region, the simulation study leads us to propose a UV-photodetector comprising a "flat-top pyramid" surface.


Abstract As part of our studies of 1,2-dihydrol-2-azaphosphorines (1.21. we have carried out obinifio investigation of the set of model six membred (hetero)cycles 1 and defined the influence of the bridge A-Z on the their parameters (3–21G* and 6–31G*, GAMESS, full optimization of geometry). In all structures studied only one twist conformer is realized. In PN structuns substitutients at the hetero atoms arc at different sides of the cycle, a substitutient at phosphorus beiig axial. The P atom is pyramidal, N atom is planar.


Objective To compare the clinical features between childhood first-onset schizophrenia and adolescent first-onset schizophrenia.MethodsThe data of 147 first-onset schizophrenia patients less than 18 years old who hospitalized in Anhui mental health center from August 1,2005 to July 31,2007 were collected.All the subjects were diagnosed according to CCMD-Ⅲ criteria for schizophrenia.Patients were divided into childhood group (59 cases with age of onset less than 13) and adolescent group(88 cases with age of onset over 13).Data of patients in the two groups were compared retrospectively.ResultsThere were significant differences in form of onset and curative effect between the two groups(P0.05).Incidence of thinking content disturbance in adolescent group was significantly higher than in childhood group(χ2=0.019,P0.05).Incidence of behavior disorder and mood disorder were significantly higher in childhood group than in adolescent group(P0.05).ConclusionForm of onset,curative effect and clinical symptoms in schizophrenia are related with the age of onset.


Infrared-spectroscopic studies on the [NiFe]-hydrogenase of Chromatium vinosum-enriched in15N or 13C, as well as chemical analyses, show that this enzyme contains three non-exchangeable, intrinsic, diatomic molecules as ligands to the active site, one carbon monoxide molecule and two cyanide groups. The results form an explanation for the three non-protein ligands to iron detected in the crystal structure of theDesulfovibrio gigas hydrogenase (Volbeda, A., Garcin, E., Piras, C., De Lacey, A. I., Fernandez, V. M., Hatchikian, E. C., Frey, M., and Fontecilla-Camps, J. C. (1996)J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 12989–12996) and for the low spin character of the lone ferrous iron ion observed with Mössbauer spectroscopy (Surerus, K. K., Chen, M., Van der Zwaan, W., Rusnak, F. M., Kolk, M., Duin, E. C., Albracht, S. P. J., and Münck, E. (1994) Biochemistry33, 4980–4993). The results do not support the notion, based upon studies of Desulfovibrio vulgaris [NiFe]-hydrogenase (Higuchi, Y., Yagi, T., and Noritake, Y. (1997) Structure5, 1671–1680), that SO is a ligand to the active site. The occurrence of both cyanide and carbon monoxide as intrinsic constituents of a prosthetic group is unprecedented in biology.


9 10 The year-to-year seasonal variability of the vertical distribution of chlorophyll-a (Chl), its 11 relation with light conditions and mixing were studied in the Black Sea on a basis of 5-year (201412 2018) measurements of four Bio-Argo buoys. It was shown that the dependence of Chl on the 13 logarithm of the instantaneous Photosynthetically Available Radiation (PAR) at noon (Ed), has 14 quasigaussian shape. The majority of Chl values were in Ed interval from 3 to 330 μmol photons 15 m s with a maximum at 20 μmol photons m s. During all seasons the high values of Chl were 16 located above the Ed of 3 μmol photons m s or daily integrated PAR of 0.08 mole photons m 17 d. This isolume can be regarded as a value close to compensational irradiance for the Black Sea 18 phytoplankton restricting the productive layer. Low Chl observed at high Ed > 330 μmol photons 19 m s evidences about important role of photoadaptaition and non-photochemical quenching in 20 phytoplankton cells defining the amount of Chl in surface layer. In turn, Chl largely determines 21 light conditions in the deep layers by modulating attenuation coefficient of PAR (Kd) and the 22 dependence of Kd on Chl is well described by obtained in a study power function. In the study we 23 described the seasonal variability in vertical distribution of Ed and presented the monthly averaged 24 values of Kd in 5 m bins. Further, analysis of Bio-Argo data allows to distinguish 7 different stages 25 of Chl annual succession in the basin. They are: 1) winter minimum; 2) March early-spring peak; 26 3) April-May depth-averaged minimum and the deepest Chl peak; 4) increased Chl in the 27 thermocline in the second part of May and June; 5) large deep Chl peak in August; 6) early autumn 28 depth-averaged minimum in September-October; 7) late autumn-early winter bloom in November29 January. The roles of different abiotic and biotic factors (mixing, cross-shelf transport, 30 illumination, light attenuation, phytoplankton growth rate limitation, grazing) in the formation of 31 each of these stages are discussed. 32


tion. In any pattern of adjustment, environment must be conceived of as a limiting and not a determining factor. To a large degree the use which will be made of natural resources depends on the technology which is available. Since the area under discussion is small we may assume that the opportunity was available for a group to acquire any sort of skill or tool possessed by other groups in the area. Therefore, for the purposes of this paper, we regard differences in technology as being themselves influenced by other factors, not as determinants of differing adaptations. There is a maximum size to the population which can be maintained by a region and the technology by which it is exploited. Hence, by their limiting effect on population, these two factors may influence many aspects of social structure; the influence being strongest among groups with the least developed technologies. But environment and technology do not alone determine the adaptation of a society. Important social, as well as technological, factors shape the economy. External trade, for example, even in relatively primitive economies, may have an important bearing on the relations of production,


This paper presents a survey of students' research training program,from which most of the students have got much benefit,but with lack of subjectivity and its management not good enough.Based on the survey,some suggestions have been put forward: strengthening the work of propaganda and guidance in order to correct motive of participating in the research training program,encouraging students to make project by themselves,developing their subjectivity,strengthening and improving the management.


Abstract Veterinary and medical entomologists who are involved in research on pest control often need to perform dose–response bioassays and analyze the results. This article is meant as a beginner's guide for doing this and includes instructions for using the free program R for the analyses. The bioassays and analyses are described using previously unpublished data from bioassays on house flies, Musca domestica Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae), but can be used on a wide range of pest species. Flies were exposed topically to beta-cyfluthrin, a pyrethroid, or exposed to spinosad or spinetoram in sugar to encourage consumption. LD50 values for beta-cyfluthrin in a susceptible strain were similar regardless of whether mortality was assessed at 24 or 48 h, consistent with it being a relatively quick-acting insecticide. Based on LC50 values, spinetoram was about twice as toxic as spinosad in a susceptible strain, suggesting a benefit to formulating spinetoram for house fly control, although spinetoram was no more toxic than spinosad for a pyrethroid-resistant strain. Results were consistent with previous reports of spinosad exhibiting little cross-resistance. For both spinosad and spinetoram, LC50 values were not greatly different between the pyrethroid-resistant strain and the susceptible strain.


In this paper,national laws and international conventions for the damage of breach are compared,pointing out some shortcomings in China's Contract Law and putting forward suggestions for further improvement.


Signaling theory provides the framework to address three main research questions: (1) How accurately do consumers notice and recollect TPA seals on retail Web sites? (2) How familiar are consumers with major TPA seals? and (3) How accurately do consumers understand the assurances represented by the TPA seals? Results of this study of three major TPA seals (TRUSTe, BBBOnLine Reliability, and VeriSign) reveal that subjects have poor recall of TPA seals viewed on a Web site, have limited familiarity with TPA programs, and have incomplete and largely inaccurate perceptions of the assurances that TPA seals represent. These results suggest that TPA seals may not fulfill their potential to influence consumer trust in e-commerce because the signals are not noticed on merchant Web sites or adequately understood by consumers.


In this study, an algebraic stability test procedure is presented for fractional order time delay systems. This method is based on the principle of eliminating time delay. The stability test of fractional order systems cannot be examined directly using classical methods such as Routh-Hurwitz, because such systems do not have analytical solutions. When a system contains the square roots of s, it is seen that there is a double value function of s. In this study, a stability test procedure is applied to systems including sqrt(s) and/or different fractional degrees such as s^alpha where 0 < α < 1, and α include in R. For this purpose, the integer order equivalents of fractional order terms are first used and then the stability test is applied to the system by eliminating time delay. Thanks to the proposed method, it is not necessary to use approximations instead of time delay term such as Pade. Thus, the stability test procedure does not require the solution of higher order equations.


Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) reside in a particular and specialized microenvironmental niche. Interaction of HSPCs with their niche is fundamental for cell proliferation, differentiation and quiescence. While alterations of HSPC-niche interactions have been shown to play an important role in animal models, methods to study the human HSPC niche are lacking. In order to characterize the adhesion of various HSPC subsets to various extracellular matrix proteins found in the bone marrow, we used high-throughput fluorescent microscopy to study cell adhesion by quantifying the ratio of adherent versus non-adherent cells being detached by gravity. This allowed the analysis of low cell numbers making the study of clinical samples feasible. Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to analyze both the adherent and non-adherent fractions to study the major subsets of CD34+ cells, evaluating CD34, CD38, CD45RA, CD123 and CD90 surface levels.

More than 80% of plated CD34+ cells adhered to fibronectin, 70% to VCAM-1, while only a minor proportion adhered to laminin, osteopontin and collagen-1 (11%-19%). Inhibitory antibodies against α4 and α5 integrin were used to inhibit adhesion of CD34+ cells to fibronectin and VCAM-1. α4 integrin antibody significantly decrease the number of adherent CD34+ cells to fibronectin from 65% to 38% (p< 0.0001) and on VCAM-1 from 51% to 12% (p< 0.0001). No effect was obtained by α5 integrin antibody. When comparing the major subsets of CD34+ cells, megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEPs) were the subpopulation that adhered strongest to each substrate followed by common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). By contrast, granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs) adhered less to each of the studied matrix proteins ([Fig. 1a-1b][1]). Expression levels of CD34 were higher in adherent than in non-adherent cells, while CD45RA+ cells showed the opposite pattern ([Fig. 1c-1d][1]). These data suggest that the level of differentiation influences the adhesion properties and that more immature cells have a higher affinity to niche elements. We then analyzed the expression of adhesion markers in the different CD34+ cells subsets. Unexpectedly, GMPs, the least adhesive population, showed higher expression of CXCR4, a key chemokine receptor involved in HSPCs' homing and differentiation. GMPs have been described to constitute the leukemic stem cell population in AML. GMPs also showed a high expression of CD44, a glycoprotein required for migration, cell interactions and adhesion. HSCs showed higher levels of α2 integrin while MEPs expressed more α4 integrin. The other subpopulations, common myeloid progenitors (CMPs), multipotent progenitors (MPPs) and lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors (LMPPs) showed lower levels of all studied adhesion markers.

In conclusion, we present a method to quantify the adhesion of different human HPSC subpopulations. The assay is suitable for analysis of human myeloid neoplasms and may elucidate aberrant patterns as well as reveal potential targets for anti-adhesive therapy inhibiting the niche«s ability to sustain the leukemic stem cell population.

![Figure 1][2]

Figure 1
Analysis of adhesion preferences of CD34+ stem and progenitor cells.

MEPs show more adhesiveness to all the substrates studied, followed by CMPs and HSCs. HSCs exhibits a preference for fibronectin compared to the other proteins tested. The less adhesive seems to be GMPs ( a , b , c ). Difference between GMPs and MEPs adhesiveness is statistically validated ( p< 0.01 ). CD34 expression is higher on adherent cells; on the contrary, CD45RA is more expressed on non adherent cells ( d ,e).

![Figure 2][2]

Figure 2
FACS analysis of adhesion markers expression on HSPCs.

GMPs express more CXCR-4 and CD44 than the other subsets, MEPs exhibit high levels of α4 integrin, explaining why this population seems more adhesive to all the substrates. α4 and α5 integrins are important also for GMPs ( a ).

Expression of CXCR-4 in all the subpopulations ( b ).

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

 [1]: #F1
 [2]: pending:yes


Over the last years thermographic methods have gained considerable ground for temperature measurement on electronic components like PCB:s, hybrids and microchips and quite a large number of articles and lectures have been published. Very little consideration has, however, been devoted to the fact, that the very uneven distribution of the emissivity over the PCB, hybrid or microchip to be measured implies that true temperature measurement cannot take place without special efforts in the form of hardware as well as software tools. The paper describes a method for true temperature measurement on PCB:s and microchips, with consideration to the varying emissivity over the field of view. It also describes a method for true temperature measurement on PCB:s in a rack or a box, where they are hidden for direct thermographic inspection. True temperature measurement on microscopic objects like transistors form another type of object, which demands special measurement hardware and extensive image processing to get the correct temperatures.


Tourism means when people move from one place to other for their recreation and pleasure. Medical tourism includes a component of medical and healthcare services along with its counterpart tourism services. It is a developing concept whereby people from all over the world visit India for their medical and relaxation needs. Most common treatments are cosmetic surgeries and dental cares. The reason India is a favorable destination is because of its infrastructure and technology in which is in par with those in USA, UK and Europe. India has some of the best hospitals and treatment centers in the world with the best facilities. Since it is also one of the most favorable tourist destinations in the world, Medication combines with tourism has come into effect, from which the concept of Medical Tourism is derived. India is promoting the "high tech healing" of its private healthcare sector as a tourist attraction. India is rated amongst the world's top ten "must see destination" by Conde Naste Traveller, an international magazine with lot of reputation. Hopefully, today we are in a better position to sell our tourism services to the rest of the world. ABSTRACT


Mixed $({\mathrm{Au}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ag}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{)}_{n}$ clusters of various relative compositions are produced in a laser vaporization source, and embedded in an alumina matrix. The size and concentration effects in the optical properties are investigated for different stoichiometries (from $x=0$ up to 1 in steps of 0.25), in the diameter range 1.5\char21{}5 nm for which the size evolution is ruled by quantum effects. For a given size, we measure a steady evolution of the surface plasmon frequency versus x. For a given relative composition, the blueshift (relative to the prediction of Mie's theory), damping, and broadening of the resonance all become more important as the size decreases and as the gold concentration increases. These spectra are compared with model calculations, based on the time-dependent local-density-approximation formalism, including both the porosity of the matrix and an inner skin of reduced ionic-core polarizability. Two models are introduced to describe the effective dielectric function of the ionic background in the bimetallic cluster. Agreement between experimental results and both models is discussed.


Becoming a successful entrepreneur is impossible without accepting risk - the question is which risk to take and at what time. This guide offers practical, no-nonsense advice for marketing and financing your business, bringing on partners and employees, and launching your business as inexpensively and aggressively as possible.


Image compression plays an important role in information transmission. To further improve its efficiency, this paper proposes an rate-distortion optimization (RDO) based secondary prediction scheme. In this scheme, the block is predicted twice and the optimal prediction is chosen out with a content-based RDO. Specifically, the content property is introduced into prediction and a content-based RDO is proposed at first. Then, a secondary prediction scheme is developed and the block is predicted once again with a distance-based bi-directional prediction method. In order to verify the effectiveness of our scheme, it is incorporated into the latest test model of versatile video coding standard for image compression. Compared with existing image codecs, experimental results show that our codec has the lowest decoding complexity and achieves best quality at the similar compression ratio.


This article outlines preliminary results of a complete gap analysis of the collections at the University of Houston Libraries. Methodology for a large-scale collection analysis project is explored here, including necessary collaborators for successful and accurate data collection. As well, the preliminary results of phase one of the project, studying usage by subject area and comparing to available interlibrary loan data, are outlined. Limitations and future directions for the project are also discussed.


The current research aims to examine the impact of work-life balance on work engagement, mental well-being and job performance among working women in the IT sector. We also tried to evaluate the mediate effect of mental well-being and work engagement on the direct relationship of work-life balance and job performance. The data is collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using SMART PLS and Process Hayes to develop the model and to check mediation, respectively. 128 working women employees are interviewed through a structured interview using convenience sampling. All the respondents are women employees working in IT companies located in Mumbai, India. Current research suggests all the companies manage the work-life balance of working women in IT companies. In the current study, the researcher found an insignificant relationship between work-life balance and job performance. The insignificant relationship is found between work engagement, and job performance is found. A significant positive relationship is found between work-life balance and mental well-being, job performance and mental well-being, work-life balance, and work engagement. The mental well-being and work engagement is not found as a mediator in the direct relationship of work-life balance and job performance. In India, women are responsible for all the household activities; hence it is essential to manage the work-life balance of those working women. The current research is helpful to all the HR managers to frame policies that will help to maintain work-life balance and ensure high performance and low turnover intention among women employees.


Aim. Evaluation of the effectiveness of mechanochemical scleroobliteration in treatment for recurrent lower extremity varicose veins (VVD). Materials and Methods . A retrospective analysis of the results of examination and treatment of 19 patients (17 women and 2 men, average age 36.3±4.5 years) with recurrences of VVD, in whom mechanochemical sclerotherapy as the main method of treatment was used. In all cases, mechanochemical ablation of the superficial venous trunks was performed using Phlebogriph catheter. As a hardener, 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate solution (fibro-vein) was used in the volume not more than 10 ml per procedure. Results . According to the CEAP classification, 15 patients had C2 and 4 patients had C3 class. Recurrence of VVD in one lower extremity was diagnosed in 17 (89.5%) patients, and bilateral – in 2 (10.5%). In 6 (31.6%) cases, recurrence occurred in 5 or more years after the first operation, in 8 (42.1%) patients – after 3-5 years, in 5 (26.3%) – after 1-3 years. The diameter of varicose veins before treatment according to color duplex scanning (CDR) was 7.9±0.8 mm. The duration of the detected saphenofemoral reflux (n=10) with the trunk of the great saphenous vein (GSV) left on the hip was 5.7±1.4 s, with the length 31.2±31.4 mm. With the preserved зtrunk of the GSV, crossectomy was performed in combination with mechanochemical scleroobliteration. Crossectomy was also performed in two patients with repeated dilation of the trunk of the small saphenous vein (SSV) followed by mechanochemical scleroobliteration. In two cases, insufficient shin perforants were ligated from mini-incisions, and in two more cases, foam scleroobliteration of them was performed. Within 3 weeks after the procedure, a good result was recorded in 94.7% of cases in the form of complete occlusion of sclerotized veins with the absence of reflux in them. Only in one observation incomplete occlusion of the sclerotized vein on the hip was noted, which required a repeated procedure. Long-term results were studied in 19 patients, in 94.7% of who complete obliteration of sclerotized veins and improvement of the clinical course of chronic venous disease were recorded. Conclusion . Mechanochemical scleroobliteration has proven to be an effective method of treatment for lower extremity VVD being a minimally invasive procedure.


Objective:This study was aimed to establish a real-time PCR assay for detection of bovine-derived ingredients in food. Methods:Primers and Taqman probe of this assay were designed within bovine conservative regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome b(cyt b) gene. The specificity had been evaluated with no amplification on DNA from other meats while the detection sensitivity tested with meat mixtures containing various beef content. The assay was further applied to detect commercially available meat food for verifying its adaptability. Results:The assay was highly specific showing no amplification with other meats and could detect 1pg of beef DNA. Applied to the DNA extracted from meat mixtures,it was possible to detect 0.5% beef spiked in other species. Conclusion:The system yields excellent results for identification of bovine derivatives in food products and it was a potentially reliable and suitable technique in routine food analysis for detection of bovine-derived ingredients in food.


In three experiments, we examined whether change in direct gaze was better at capturing visuospatial attention than non-direct gaze change. Also, change in direct gaze can be categorised into two types: 'look toward', which means gaze changing to look toward observers, and 'look away', which means gaze changing to look away from observers. Thus, we also investigated which type of change in direct gaze was more effective in capturing visuospatial attention. Each experiment employed a change-detection task, and we compared detection accuracy between 'look away', 'look toward', and non-direct gaze-change conditions. In experiment 1, we found detection advantage for change in direct gaze relative to non-direct gaze change, and for 'look toward' compared with 'look away'. In experiment 2, we conducted control experiments to exclude possibilities of simple motion detection and geometrical factors of eyes, and confirm detection advantage in experiment 1 only occurred when the stimuli were processed as faces and gazes. In experiment 3, we manipulated the head deviation, but the results in experiment 1 persisted despite changes in head orientation. The findings establish that individuals are sensitive to change in direct relative to non-direct gaze change, and 'look toward' compared with 'look away'.


Diastereoselectivity in the aldol and the conjugate additions of 2′-hydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl ester enolates with a variety of carbonyl electrophiles has been examined. The ester enolate generated by BuLi reacts with several aldehydes to give the threo products preferentially with high diastereoselectivity and in good yield. Satisfactory diastereoselectivity has also been observed in the minor erythro derivatives. A mechanistic interpretation of the results is made on the basis of the absolute stereochemistry of the products.


This library guide provides useful resources for health science students, whether they are health science majors, in a class, or just curious. Web searching can be a good place to start learning about a topic, but often it can take a lot of work to identify if a website is a good source or not.


The mass discharge rate is a key parameter for initializing volcanic ash dispersal models. Commonly used empirical approaches derive the discharge rate by the plume height as estimated by remote sensors. A novel approach based on the combination of weather radar observations and thermal camera imagery is presented here. It is based on radar ash concentration estimation and the retrieval of the vertical exit velocities of the explosive cloud using thermal camera measurements. The applied radar retrieval methodology is taken from a revision of previously presented work. Based on the analysis of four eruption events of the Mount Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy) that occurred in December 2015, the proposed methodology is tested using observations collected by three radar systems (at C and X band) operated by the Italian Department of Civil Protection. The total erupted mass was estimated to be about 9·109 kg and 2.4·109 kg for the first and second events, respectively, while it was about 1.2·109 kg for both the last two episodes. The comparison with empirical approaches based on radar‐retrieved plume height shows a reasonably good agreement. Additionally, the comparative analysis of the polarimetric radar measurements provides interesting information on the vertical structure of the ash plume, including the size of the eruption column and the height of the gas thrust region.


Introduction Hong Kong is a coastal city heavily affected by emissions from marine vessels. A government regulation limiting the sulphur content in fuel used in marine vessels to 0.5% by weight was...


Abstract Research aimed to: (1) the effect of components DAK (Special Allocation Fund) to the reduction of inequality Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) Inter-district in South Sulawesi Province Period 2005-2014; (2) the effect of components DAU (General Allocation Fund) to the reduction of inequality Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) Inter-district in South Sulawesi Province Period 2005-2014; (3) the effect of components DBH (DBH) to the reduction of inequality Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) Inter-district in South Sulawesi Province Period 2005-2014.This study uses secondary data sourced from Statistics South Sulawesi province, data obtained is the result of the final report of the Central Statistics Agency in the form of the GDP of South Sulawesi province, DAU, DAK, DBH and southern Sulawesi province in 2005-2014. Data disnalisis by using SPSS and Williamson Index.The results of this study indicate the results of multiple linear regression above shows that the variable of general allocation funds positive and significant impact on inequality regional South Sulawesi in 2005 s / d 2014, variable special allocation fund a significant negative effect on inequality regional South Sulawesi in 2005 s / d in 2014 and a variable revenue-sharing significant negative effect on regional inequality South Sulawesi in 2005 s / d in 2014;This shows that shows that the magnitude of regional imbalances in South Sulawesi Province happened yet categorized inequality are low because williamson index values <0.03. Keywords: General Allocation Fund, Special Allocation Fund, DBH and Regional Inequality


university of toronto quarterly, volume 75, number 1, winter 2006 variety of other guises. These include Hegel's family model and its crossing out, its making speechless, the middle figure of 'the woman'; Heidegger's reading of Van Gogh's shoes in terms of his own philosophical perspective and his closure to the uniqueness of the artwork; and Ricoeur's attempt to separate philosophy from poetry in his theory of metaphor. On the constructive side, the book wants to make the case that forms of otherness are essential to meaningful, living, dynamic discourses that can reach out and be affected and altered by the new and different. That is, 'there can be no embodied hearing without spacing to an outside; and that spacing entails movement, vibrations, and an imprint of some sort.' This approach is very much in line with a wide range of postmodernist and deconstructionist theorizing. Thus, McCance concludes by offering some reflections on the Chora L Works of Derrida and the architect Peter Eisenman, and other ventures into postmodern architecture, as a way to disrupt 'the Enlightenment's same/different oppositions' and to help open 'multiple ways to hear.' The voice of Derrida is also especially prominent in the readings elaborated throughout the book. McCance, however, distils and concentrates many of Derrida's scattered comments on the various thinkers and issues explored, and with her elaboration of the imagery of the Medusa's ear she has enhanced and given substance to the now familiar critique of binary thinking. Nevertheless, one major question comes to mind about this type of critique, and it is exemplified by the case of Kant with which McCance begins. She notes how Kant was officially prohibited from writing on the subject of religion by the king of Prussia, and how Kant's desire to protect open rational inquiry from such narrow-minded political interference was a major motivation in formulating The Conflict of the Faculties. McCance then notes that 'Kant walls off scholarly judgment of truth from the civic domain and from the reach of government control. His distinction [between reason and non-reason] inscribes an inside/outside border around the university.' The assumption seems to be that any such distinction is inherently problematic, but the case in point actually illustrates the opposite. In other words, might there not be instances where such protection of free rational discourse, and the corollary exclusion of government, or business, or religious authorities from the domain of scholarly inquiry, is necessary to the unfettered pursuit of knowledge? (james dicenso)


When analyzing vibration and noise on aircraft, it is useful to be able to measure and visualize the motion of the structure though which vibration is transmitted from the engine to the fuselage. When running engines, consuming about 90001b/hr in fuel, rapidity in testing is important. Hood Technology Corporation has developed a MATLAB routine, which is integrated in DSPT's SigLab (Signal/Network Analysis hardware with MATLAB Graphical User interfaces, in order to animate the motion of engine yokes at the two fundamental frequencies of excitation of an aircraft's engines. The aircraft mounting structure animation purine was useful in the development and evaluation of Barry Controls' ATMA noise suppression system for Douglas twin-jet aircraft. This paper describes this routine and its use.


The bonding properties of phosphines (PR3= PMe3, PMe2Ph, PMePh2, and PH2Ph) in iron(II) porphyrin complexes have been studied. The six-co-ordinate complexes [FeII(tpp)(PR3)2] and [FeII(tpp)(PMe3)(mim)](tpp =meso-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinate, mim =N-methylimidazole) have been prepared. The 1H and 31P n.m.r. properties of these compounds are discussed in comparison with previous studies on the binding of phosphines to haemoglobins. Carbon monoxide binding to [Fe(tpp)(PR3)2] has also been studied and followed by i.r. spectroscopy. The crystal structure of [Fe(tpp)(PMe2Ph)2] has been determined by three-dimensional, single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P in a cell of dimensions a= 10.305(5), b= 11.149(7), c= 12.839(5)A, α= 65.67(4), β= 63.34(3), γ= 79.25(4)°, and Z= 1. Refinement based on 3 968 observed [I > σ(I)] diffractometer data converged at R= 0.030 and R′= 0.032. The Fe–P distance is 2.284(1)A and the average Fe–N distance 2.000(1)A. The porphyrin core is planar and all bond parameters in the core are consistent with a low-spin iron(II) complex.


The report summarizes the Second International Workshop of Cancer Systems Biology held on July 5–6, 2012 in Changchun, China. The goal of the workshop was to bring together cancer researchers with different backgrounds to share their views about cancer and their experiences in fighting against cancer, and to gain new and systems-level understanding about cancer formation, progression, diagnosis, and treatment through exchanging ideas.


The scattering parameters of waveguide-slot radiators and coupling elements in the presence of ohmic losses in the system are under consideration. The problems of accounting dielectric losses and waveguide walls finite conductivity are solved in the cases when waveguides or slots are partially or fully filled with a lossy dielectric or are empty. The cases of dielectric slab position parallel to the narrow walls of a rectangular waveguide and broad ones are considered. The questions of eigenwaves orthogonality are discussed. The behaviour of eigenvalues of dominant wave and higher ones is studied. The ohmic losses of energy in the waveguide region containing a slot are investigated.


The structural transformation of the quasi-one-dimensional charge-density-wave (CDW) conductor K0.3MoO3 blue bronze upon electron irradiation is reported. Evidence of the disappearance of Bragg spots corresponding to the C-centre symmetry is clearly demonstrated by the in situ recorded selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns in the transmission electron microscope, which acts as the electron irradiation facility as well as the structural analysis and recording instrument. Based on the experimental results and the crystal structure of K0.3MoO3 (Graham and Wadsley 1966 Acta Crystallogr. 20 93), a hypothetical atomic model is proposed to interpret this kind of disordering. The simulated SAED patterns on the basis of the proposed atomic model agree with the experimental ones very well. This strong disorder may break both the coherence of the CDW along the chain direction and the phase order of the CDW in the transverse directions, and furthermore it may suppress the Peierls transition.


Vitamin D has been hailed as the "sunshine" vitamin with many therapeutic attributes. The authors explore the association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of depression.


This chapter emphasizes competence regulation and the roles of recombination and repair enzymes. More than a dozen genes encoding transformation proteins have been identified in Bacillus subtilis. Orthologs of these proteins have been recognized in other transformation systems, both gram negative and gram positive, and it appears that many aspects of the DNA uptake mechanism are conserved. The contribution of competence and sporulation factor (CSF) to modulating the expression of srfA is relatively minor, exerting only a two-to-threefold effect, but increasing the level of extracellular CSF exerts a profound inhibitory effect on srfA expression, while stimulating sporulation. Homologous recombination in B. subtilis is central to both genetic transformation in competent cells and DNA repair following exposure to agents that damage DNA. Correspondingly, many of the genes that code for recombination proteins are regulated by either ComK or the SOS DNA repair regulon; the critical recombination gene, recA, is regulated by both ComK and the SOS pathway. The current models for homologous recombination in prokaryotes are based primarily on a large body of genetic and biochemical studies in Escherichia coli. More than a dozen genes encoding recombination proteins have been identified in B. subtilis. All but two of these, recS and recU, seem to have functional counterparts in E. Coli; on the other hand, homologs of several known E. Coli recombination genes, including recE, recG, recJ, recT, and ruvC, have not been found in B. subtilis.


1. The chlorophyll-protein complex has been prepared from leaves of the following legumes: Phaseolus vulgaris, P. limensis, P. coccineus, Vigna sesquipedalis, Dolichos lablab, Glycine max, Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense, Melilotus alba, Vicia faba, and Pisum sativum. 2. Electrophoretic mobility-pH curves of the complex from these species show close relationship but differ completely from the curve for Aspidistra. 3. The various sets of data from these legumes could be described by a single smooth curve shifted up or down the pH scale to pass through each isoelectric point. In some cases minor deviations were noticed, but in general the agreement was good. 4. It is suggested that the complex from each species is characterized by essentially the same protein, slightly altered in certain respects from the rest but retaining enough of its original character to show relationship.


Interfacial reactions induced by ion beam mixing and furnace annealing in Al/Mo bilayers are investigated. The amount of interfacial ion m'xing, 4Dt, follows a linear dose dependence for irradiation temperatures ≤80 C. Below room temperature, the mixing efficiency, defined as d(4Dt)/do, is temperature independent, and agrees fairly well with the prediction of the phenomenological model based on chemically biased diffusion in thermal spike. We conclude that thermal spike mixing dominates for Xe irradiation of Al/Mo at low temperatures. The mixing efficiency becomes temperature-dependent above room temperature with an apparent activation enthalpy of about 0.17±0.02eV. A layer of 15–20 at.% Mo forms by ion mixing, while oAl 12 Mo forms upon thermal annealing in a nonuniform fashion starting at 500°C. Reaction of Mo with large-grained Al substrates shows the same nonuniform characteristics as in evaporated Al/Mo bilayers, implying a minor role of grain boundary effects. Oxygen gettered in the Mo film could be an important factor that influences the interfacial reaction.


The Qinghai Lake is the largest inland brackish water lake in China with a high salt and alkali contents,covering an area of 4?456?km~(2) and being located 3?200 meters above sea level.It is located in the north-east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,where the climate is cold and the freezing season is long.Gymnocypris przewalskii(Kessler) is a brackish and cold water fish species peculiar to the Qinghai Lake and its tributaries which has evolved in the long period of geographical isolation of the water system of the Yellow River having significant migration for reproduction.Every year,it ascends to the tributaries for spawning from March to July.It has low fecundity.It is omnivores,feeding on planktons and the insects fallen into the water.It is economically an very important fish species in the area of the Qinghai Lake.In recent decades,the deterioration of ecological environments(such as dryness of the inflowing rivers,sharp decline in precipitation,decease in water level,increase in evaporation and salt contents of the lake water etc.) and over-fishing in the Lake area have led to a decrease of their stock abundance by 90% in comparison with that at the beginning of its exploitation.Now,it has became an endangered fish and listed as the state-protected rare species.Judging from phenotypic characters,there exists a rather large variability within the species,which is reflected in the variabilities in their feeding organs,such as the number of gill-rakers,the position of mouth and the lengths of intestines.These are consistent with the character of omnivority that has been formed in their survival environment for the paucity of food organisms.Besides,there are considerable variabilities in body form and body color.In this study,PCR(polymerase chain reaction) technique was used in an attempt to analyze the genetic structure of this fish species at mitochondrial D-loop level,in order to provide a new base for the assessment and protection of its population genetic diversities.The materials used in this experiment were collected from the Heima River,the Buha River and the Shaliu River,in July,2002,when G.przewalskii ascended for reproduction,with a total of 45 specimens,ie 15 samples from per river.3-5?g of muscle tissue per individual was taken for preservation in anhydrous alcohol.The mitochondrial D-loop of Gymnocypris przewalskii(Kessler) from different districts(the Heimahe River、the Buhahe River and the Shaliuhe River) of the Qinghaihu Lake were amplified by using polymerase chain reaction(PCR) technique,its sequence being determined to be 1?065?bp.A research was conducted on the genetic structure of 83 individuals from the 3 districts through a comparative analysis of D-loop sequence of their mitochordria genome.A total of 65 polymorphic sites were detected,including an insertion site(b3,nt-569),two deletions(s6 and b37,nt-169 and nt-170) and 62 polymorphic sites.The number of polymorphic sites are 51 for the Heimahe population(Hm),38 for the Buhahe population(Bh) and 39 for the Shaliuhe population(Sl),respectively,with the different number of average nucleotide sites of the three population being 9.377,7.782 and 7.510,respectively.The results showed that the genetic distance between Hm and Bh was the smallest(0.010?93),between Bh and Sl secondly(0.014?23),and between Hm and Sl the largest(0.019?09).The genetic distance between any two populations was all above 0.10,and the total genetic differentiation index of the three population was 0.019?26.The gene flow Nm was 12.73.In the molecular phylogenetic tree constructed in the method of UPGMA,Sl aggregated a branch,and Hm and Bh were mixed together,aggregating into another branch.Judged by sequence difference analysis,Sl was more distantly related up Hm than to Bh,while Hm and Bh were more closely related.The above data also showed that there existed quite a weak genetic differentiation and quite a strong gene exchange among the three population simultaneously.


In recent literature there has been an increasing interest in discussing the diagnosis, evolution, therapeutic approach in ADHD patients, because of the innovation regarding this pathology. ADHD symptoms are rather chronic over the life of the individual, the disorder persisting in the adult life. Frequently the symptoms are complicated by the development of comorbidities, some of them being the substance-use disorders. Several topics have been discussed. Some of them explain the way these disorders appear, how they are temporally connected. Other mechanisms involved refer to the necessity of autocorrecting ADHD symptoms by the use of different substances (automedication). Another important issue is the possible influence of the stimulant medication in generating addictive problems, an important element that has been debated.


Minimal inhibitory concentrations towards three oral bacteria were determined for a large (>100) number of structurally diverse phenols and related compounds. Inspection of these data suggests phenolic recognition sites in which ligand binding is dominated by hydrophobic interactions, with lesser contributions from steric factors and hydrogen bonding. This interpretation is supported by structure-bioactivity correlation equations obtained for Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus sobrinus using molecular connectivity descriptors, but not for Selenomonas artemidis. "Classical" molecular connectivity indices cannot adequately account for the growth-inhibitory properties of phenols towards the latter bacterium.


Nicosia, the medieval walled capital city of Cyprus, was divided by a 'green line' in 1964 and remains the last divided capital in Europe. While the border between the two communities was opened in 2003 the Greek and Turkish Cypriot communities still live separated by a Dead Zone that commemorates and perpetuates two small forgotten wars.

Alev Adil explores how this border works as a site of memory and its attendant forgettings. In six short film-poems, Hotel Amnesia, My Favourite Dream, The Ruined Cinema, A Small Forgotten War, Memory and The Impossibility of Fidelity and The Names of All Her Dolls she interrogates the logic of the autobiographies, histories and silences that produced her memories of this place and its ghosts, this non-place where politics and private reverie melt into myth in the Mediterranean heat.

Four photo galleries, A Calendar of Empty Beds, Dead Zone, Fugitive Itineraries and Havana/Nicosia pursue and flee memory through images taken between 2006-8 in Amsterdam, Brussels, Havana, Istanbul, Izmir, Koln, Nicosia, Niejmegen, Prague and Vilnius. They reveal the spaces where we are all in transit, exiled from our pasts, dreaming of fugitive itineraries, tailing and fleeing from our ghosts.

In An Architecture of Forgetting the urge to remember and the compulsion to forget are locked in complicity. Singular identity becomes an assemblage of voices, a haunted clan: the detective, the analyst, the archivist, the academic, the assassin: all searching for clues, tampering with the evidence, hoping for a conclusion that does not come.


This chapter provides a brief review of several concepts that are used throughout this book. The first section presents the notation. In the second section, stability of nonlinear systems is discussed followed by a brief overview of stabilization (control) of nonlinear systems. For a more detailed and complete overview of stability and control of nonlinear systems, the reader is referred to, for example, the classical textbooks [1, 2]. In the last section, a review of nonlinear and dynamic optimization concepts is presented.


Abstract. The objective of the MITRE Intelligent Software Agents (ISA) project is a system that automatically creates "standing requests for information" (SRIs) which monitor multiple heterogeneous data sources for changes critical to the predicted success of a plan. We are focusing on the needs of decision makers who require knowledge of changes in the world to make mid-stream adjustments to their course of action during a crisis. An impediment to this is that data sources are not integrated with planning systems. Decisions are made based on relatively "old" data because updates have not been propagated to the plan. As planning systems become increasingly automated, coupling them to data sources presents additional problems. Data sources often are voluminous, remote, unfamiliar and inconsistent. Many changes to data are irrelevant to any particular decision maker. Our project aims to demonstrate that these problems can be solved through a combination of techniques emerging in database, intelligent agent, and AI technologies. We employ agent techniques to automatically monitor multiple databases. Decision theoretic planning techniques are used to determine what conditions to monitor. We use techniques from federated databases to combine many data sources into a federation-level schema, thereby hiding the details of the component systems from the user. A plan monitor creates a belief network representation of the plan in which data items critical to plan success or diagnostic of potential failure are identified. The idea is to look only for changes that are relevant to the planning task. The resulting SRIs are, by construction, defined over the federated view. The focus of this paper is how the SRIs are implemented as "agents" that look only for relevant information in the relevant sources. This is done by caching relevant portions of the situation locally, and using asynchronous replication servers to proactively forward changes, and metadata repositories to assist in data reduction and transformation into a federated view.


In a series of experiments to investigate feeding and excretion in bivalves, Mya arenaria, Venus striatula, Ostrea edulis and Cuspidaria cuspidata were fed with suspensions of Phaeodactylum labelled with 32P. Although there is considerable variation in the filtering rates, specimens of O. edulis were found to have an average rate of 6·6 ml./h/mg dry body tissue. This figure is more than six times greater than that recorded for M. arenaria and V. striatula. No filtration was recorded in the carnivore C. cuspidata.


Abstract The use of vehicular road tunnels is an effective answer for many traffic problems in large urban areas. These tunnels are designed to be safe and comfortable for human usage. The tunnels are expected to have higher concentrations of air pollutants than open areas because of their relatively enclosed space and intense pollutants sources. The paper includes emissions simulation to assess the air pollution in the tunnel due to the road traffic. The application to the southern tunnel of Al-Azhar vehicular road tunnels in Cairo city was performed during summer 2002. A simulation method was developed to get the distribution of CO and NO 2 concentrations, in addition to the airflow parameters inside the vehicular road tunnel. The initial and boundary conditions are essential input to the simulation. A tail pipe exhaust test was performed addressed to road test. The results of this work were treated to estimate the local composition of light duty vehicles in Cairo city according to European, ECE, Regulations. An experimental program was developed guided by the UK protocol of air measurements to evaluate the existing air quality under the influence of the tunnel ventilation system. This information is used by the simulation system to predict the airflow velocities and rates which are needed to dilute the predicted emissions concentrations.


Abstract : Let X(1) and X(2) be jointly distributed as a bivariate normal with a common unknown variance sigma squared, known correlation rho, and zero means. Also let t(i) = x(i)(square root of n)/s, (i = 1,2), where s squared/sigma squared is distributed, independent of x(1) and x(2) as a chi-square variate with n degrees of freedom. Dunnett and Sobel computed the values of (1-alpha) to five decimal accuracy for rho = plus or minus 0.5 and different values of n and a where P(t(1)< or = a, t(2)< or = a) = (1-alpha). In this report, we give the values of 1-alpha to six decimal accuracy for rho =0, plus or minus 0.1,..., plus or minus 0.9, a=1.0(0.1)5.5, and n=5(1)35. (Author)


A stepwise approach is found to be suitable especially for the preparation of benzhydryl or benzyl esters [cf.(VI)] via diazo intermediates.


At present, a new hybrid imaging technology combining PET and MRI is emerging. The construction of hybrid scanners that allow simultaneous MRI and PET required the development of a new type of MR-compatible PET detector, which was first realized for studying small animals. The first industrial prototypes of such integrated MR-PET scanners for human brain studies have been installed recently. In this article, the feasibility of this new approach is demonstrated by first studies in brain tumor patients. Beyond time saving in patient management and optimal spatial overlay of anatomic and functional information, this technique offers new perspectives with regard to the simultaneous observation of physiological and biochemical processes. Functional brain activation and interaction of receptor ligands during special activation tasks or pharmacological intervention may be explored in humans. Thus, MR-PET opens new horizons in multiparametric neuroimaging.


Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common form of dementia currently has no single disease‐modifying drug to halt disease progression. Environmental enrichment (EE) has emerged as an effective therapeutic strategy against various brain disorders. Our previous studies have revealed that the phytoformulation BN was effective in improving cognition and working memory in rodent models induced with cholinergic deficits. BN also inhibited tau hyperphosphorylation, increased dendritic arborization, and modulated AKT and MAPK pathways. In the present study, we propose to evaluate the combinatorial effect of BN and EE against AD.


In this brief report, we introduce a disorder operator or (dual) vortex field compatible with the periodic boundary condition (p.b.c.) and estimate its expectation value with respect to non‐interacting wavefunctions (w.f.) and gapped mean‐field ordered w.f. on a quite general footing. For metallic cases, its expectation value reduces to zero in the thermodynamic limit for almost arbitrary Fermi surfaces (F.S.). Meanwhile, it remains finite for the band insulating case/gapped mean‐field order case, whose value is characterized by the localization length.


The article is concerned with using the computer manual as the mean of visual methods, stimulating the activization of students' communicative activity. The set of cinema fragments with regard to professional orientation is the substantial stimulus for arousing students' interest. Suggested exercises are aimed to overcome gaps in the foreign language knowledge, to develop skills of communication by speaking the foreign language in the field of professional activity.


The concentration of berberine(BB)in the heart,liver,kidney and
plasma of mouse was determined by HPLC on a column of Nova-Pak C_(18)with
acetone-water-dl-10-camphorsulfonic acid-diethylamine-acetic acid(20:80:0.464:
0.5:0.7)as mobile phase(lml/min)and detected at 345nm.The recoveries were 99.3
to 100.9%.Between-day coefficients of variation were 2.39 to 2.84%.The dynamic
change of concentration of berberine in mouse tissues after ip of BB.HCl
(15mg/kg)was observed by the above method.


Abstract Carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone (CCP) is well known as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondrial systems.1 A large number of phenyl-substituted CCP derivatives have been prepared by the general route involving diazotization of the aniline and coupling the resulting diazonium ion with malononitrile.2


This article discusses why it is important to develop effective estimating models. In order to better understand how systems or organizations function, it is important to learn a model building technique and replace dependencies on factors. Using engineering as a primary example, this technique will demonstrate how to recognize what data relationships are important to building estimating models and how to process the data. The final result of the engineering example is to produce a realistic estimate of hours for each engineering discipline based on construction and material quantity relationships from actual project data. Whereas factors generally introduce conservatism to an estimate, an estimate model will identify cost drivers to a project. This article was presented at the 48th Annual Meeting of AACE International, June 13-16, at Washington, DC. It is reprinted from the 2004 AACE International Transactions. The Transactions CD is available for purchase, contact firstname.lastname@example.com.


This article is about the essence of data sources specific for geo-spatial science (Bossler et al., 2002) information for land cover mapping. The use of geospatial science techniques provides opportunities and challenges in many aspects of life including for land cover, forestry for climatic change measurements and agricultural engineering which is vital for food security (Opara, 2003). First, it elaborated about developments of digital world in remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) as modern day techniques for Earth surface monitoring (Mather & Koch, 2011). Satellites whose data has widespread international applications for the past four decades are discussed in details and compared (Figure 3). Second, it puts emphasis on the importance of the human side of information reference services that is essentially the brain behind machine based data. The human thinking is applied in the interpretation of this machine data and it acts as knowledge substitute where the remote sensing and GIS data are inadequate or unavailable. The 2012 study on the reconstruction of historical landscape for the investigation of land cover change in (Maphanyane, 2012), the human side of information reference services based method on Ramotswa, Botswana case, had sufficiently proved that it can be applied to fill in the gap where modern technology is inadequate or unavailable (Figure 1 and Table 1). For emphasis, graphical examples are given, where the aerospace based Ramotswa digital data; its analytical techniques and their resultant information are compared to the same area data, but those that had been derived from the systems based on the human side of information reference services (Figure 2). This too has shown that the human side of information reference services was complementary.


Why do some people with disk degeneration experience pain, while others with comparable deterioration have little or no pain? That is a question that clinicians, patients, and employers would like answered. In 2008, a national study found that people in the United States spent a total of 671.1 million days in bed due to back pain—much of it probably related to gradual changes in biomechanics and functionality that occur as the spine, including its intervertebral disks, degenerates. Christopher K. Kepler, MD, MBA, assistant professor of spinal surgery in the department of orthopaedic surgery at Thomas Jefferson Hospital in Philadelphia, received a 2011 Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation (OREF) Clinician Scientist Training Grant during his research fellowship to probe the cascade that leads to disk degeneration and sometimes results in low back pain. His ultimate goal is to design nonsurgical therapies that could either slow or stop the pain.


Amine-citrate buffer systems for pH control in starch gel electrophoresis gave good resolution of some dehydrogenase isozymes. The pK's of three new amine buffers, N-(3-aminopropyl)-morpholine, pK2 25 C, 6.12; N-(3-aminopropyl)-diethanolamine, pK2 25 C, 6.90; and 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)-2-propanol, pK2 25 C, 7.55, were determined at 5 C intervals in the range 10–40 C. These compounds, together with N, N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)iminotris(hydroxymethyl)methane (bis-Tris) and tris-(hydroxymethyl)-methylamine(Tris), provide a series of amine buffers with pK's at 0.5 unit intervals in the pH range 6.1–8.1.


High intakes of saturated, monounsaturated trans and polyunsaturated trans fatty acids have long been labeled 'bad' because of their adverse effects in cardiovascular disease and other health outcomes. In contrast, higher intakes of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are being described as 'good' with increasing clinical benefits and improved mechanistic understandings relating to cardiovascular health, growth and development, inflammatory processes, mental and neurodegenerative diseases, and perhaps certain forms of cancer [1,2]. Preceding this recognition of the benefits of n-3 fatty acids there was a period of high enthusiasm for replacing dietary saturated fatty acids with n-6 PUFA with the primary goal being to reduce cardiovascular disease. Thus, the American Heart Association (AHA) and other governmental and nongovernmental organizations recommended n-6 PUFA intake up to 10% of dietary energy. However, concerns about n-6 PUFA intake and especially about high n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios have been raised [3–5]. These latter concerns have largely been based on in-vitro and animal experiments showing that the n-6 essential fatty acid, linoleic acid, leads to production of arachidonic acid, which is the substrate for proinflammatory and prothrombotic eicosanoids. In contrast, EPA and DHA are associated with production of less inflammatory and in some cases anti-inflammatory molecules [2,6].


Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) enhances wound healing and helps to prepare the wound for closure by reducing oedema and increasing perfusion, by removing exudate from the wound and by enhancing granulation tissue formation. The duration of treatment has no limitations and depends on the goal of therapy, wound size and pathology, and comorbidities. NPWT should be stopped when the wound is closed or ready to be closed surgically or shows no progress for one to two consecutive weeks. NPWT helps to optimize patients care and can be used in hospital or in outpatient care. There are no detailed recommendations for NPWT in oncology, decision is made individually. At the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana NPWT is used since 2007 and since then 62 wounds have been treated.


This project attempts to identify the existing crash analysis practices, problems and needs in Florida in order to help move Florida in the direction of standardizing its crash analysis methods and tools. Standardization of crash analysis procedures in Florida would ensure that the crash analysis practices are up to the national standards and are applied consistently throughout the state. It would further permit other cost-saving opportunities, such as statewide training. To reach the wide spectrum of transportation agencies in Florida, three online surveys were developed targeting the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) districts, local transportation agencies, and law enforcement agencies. On-site visits to agencies located in South Florida were first made to help in the development of the survey questions. The surveys targeting the FDOT districts and local transportation agencies included questions covering seven areas of interest: use of crash data; high crash locations; project selection, implementation, and evaluation; crash analysis software systems; crash analysis standardization; crash analysis documentation; and meetings and training. The survey questions targeting law enforcement agencies included questions covering four areas of interest: selection of enforcement locations, traffic violations and safety campaigns, crash reports and working with transportation agencies. Results from the three surveys were summarized in detail in this report. In addition to the surveys, three geographic information systems (GIS) currently in use in Florida for crash data retrieval and analysis, including the Web Crash Data Management System (WebCDMS), the Traffic Safety Analysis Tool (TSAT), and the Signal Four Analytics (S4), were reviewed to learn about their features and capabilities. Further, state-of-the-art crash analysis methods and tools, including the Highway Safety Manual (HSM), SafetyAnalyst, and Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM), were also reviewed, and recommendations were provided.


: The article considers the history of the emergence of mathematical quantities used in the process of teaching students in the subject of mathematics. The stages of transition from simple options, the use of mathematical quantities to modern methods, the use of mathematical quantities and embedded in other subjects, are also considered.


It is scientifically proved that physical activity is one of the most important factors for a healthy life. It is also known that diseases and illness can be traced to physical inactivity. Because ...


Metal oxides have stimulated significant attention due to their potential applications in various technology and applications. In this paper, facile and novel hexagonal prism like zinc oxide (HP-ZnO) has been successfully synthesized by mechanochemical synthesis. As prepared HP-ZnO was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), particle size distribution and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy indicated that the HP-ZnO is promising electrochemical sensor for selective determination of GA at trace levels in real samples.


: The aim of this Research was to find out the difference influence of Resisted Sprint Training Method and Unresisted Sprint Training Method in relation to increase maximum sprinting velocity100 meter sprints, the research used experimental method and the research design was factorial design 2 x 2. Forthy (40) male students participated in this research.Video analysis was used as an instrument and the technique to analyze the data is Two - Way ANAVA with SPSS 11 for Windows Computer Program. The Research concluded that there was difference influence between resisted sprint training to unresisted sprint training method in relation to 100 meter's maximal sprintin g speed phase.


An experimental investigation on the film cooling of blunt bodies has been carried out, using water as a coolant. The investigations have been performed in three phases. The first of these was a study of the film-coolant properties on a blunt body exposed to a supersonic gas stream. The second covered a photographic study of surface irregularities on a water film. In the third phase a method was developed for the study of the velocity distribution in thin water films (<1 mm).


For safety railway vehicle movement, analysis and recoding of railway vehicle speed and driving information has written by law. nowadays, base in europe, these system is spread of various advanced country. In this paper, We implement an event recorder which record the driving and breaking information of running railway vehicle. For the event recorder, We designed the data structures with data analysis tools and a protocol between Event recorder and data analysis tool. The verification of Analysis tool was tested by to made data by Event Recorder's emulator and information of real railway driving recording.


II Sung, the founding leader of North Korea, died suddenly of heart failure in July 1994. Following his death, a series of natural . disasters, including floods, drought and hailstorms, struck North Korea from 1995 to 1998. Along with other economic problems, these disasters caused a food shortage. The food-rationing system, which had been key to the society's food distribution system, collapsed, leading to mass starvation. Reports show that a significant portion of the society's population died of starvation.1 The combination of natural disasters and other economic problems caused the North Korean economy, which had been unravelling since the 1980s, to almost collapse; it could not be salvaged without radical economic reforms and external assistance. The North Korean government publicly requested UN assistance in 1995 for the first time since the country's founding. Since then, economic deprivation has been chronic and prevalent and North Korea has relied on foreign aid to relieve food shortages and poverty. During the socioeconomic crisis of the 1990s, the previously interdependent institutions of the totalitarian system began to operate dysfunctionally. The state no longer set up economic plans due to the lack of economic resources. The state's ability to control the people through the food-rationing system became unpredictable due to habitual food scarcity. The Korean Workers' Party was unable to direct its members' social activities as much as it had done previously. The people who had depended upon the state for economic activities were forced to find a way to survive on their own. Socialist economic paradigms were less effective. The market, which had played a supplementary


Clopidogrel forms a cornerstone in the treatment of patients undergoing coronary stenting. Although the clinical effectiveness of clopidogrel has been shown repeatedly in large clinical trials, there appears to be a large interindividual response variability that influences the risk of atherothrombotic events.1,2 Studies3,4 have shown that differences in the plasma concentration of the active metabolite of clopidogrel are an important determinant of its antiplatelet effect. Although several environmental factors influence the formation of the active metabolite, most variation appears to be genetic.5 Numerous studies5–7 have shown that polymorphisms in genes encoding the cytochrome (CYP) p450 system, especially CYP2C19, influence bioactivation of clopidogrel and, hence, the risk of cardiovascular events, especially stent thrombosis. Still, polymorphic variation in CYP2C19 seems to explain only 5% to 11% of the response variability to clopidogrel, leaving variation in bioactivation of clopidogrel largely unexplained.5,8


Journal of the Optical Society of America, Oct., 1931, P. 643-350. A d.iscussion of th6 pre3entat.ion of the data on comparative measurements of color using the Munsell notation. The statistical treatment of' measurements on several different predicts including cotton is given. Table II gives a series of readings on several samples of cotton fibre in terms of hue, jI brilliance, chroma. There were 75 samples selected from the three grades. The usefulness of color measurements expressed in psychological terms (even though thos e may be approximate) is indicated. (S)


Key Points Question What are physicians' attitudes toward and perceptions of using social media to recruit participants for cancer clinical trials? Findings In this qualitative study of 44 physicians from academic and community practices, physicians cited increased trial awareness and visibility as advantages of social media. Commonly cited disadvantages were increased administrative burden and risk of misinformation. Meaning This study's findings suggest that physicians are aware of the benefits of social media as it relates to clinical trial recruitment, but key barriers remain; tailored interventions to address these concerns would be a required first step in increasing digital engagement among physicians.


Abstract Biodiversity points are a quantitative measure for biodiversity. For over a decade, biodiversity points are being applied in the Netherlands for measuring the impact of roads, enclosure dams, and other water management projects on the non-use value of biodiversity. Biodiversity points are quite similar to the quality-adjusted life years used for cost-effectiveness analysis of healthcare treatments. Biodiversity points can be calculated by multiplying the size of the ecotope (e.g., number of hectare), the ecological quality of the ecotope (0–100 %), and the ecological scarcity of each type of ecotope. For many infrastructure projects, the impact on the non-use value of biodiversity can be a principal purpose or a major co-benefit or trade-off, for example, for a park, a fish sluice, a road, an ecoduct, an enclosure dam, or a marine protected area. Biodiversity points are a simple, transparent, and standardized way to aggregate and quantify the qualitative or ordinal assessments by ecological experts. For measuring the non-use value of biodiversity, they are also more informative than valuation by revealed or stated preferences methods. This paper provides the first overview of the application of this method in the Dutch practice of cost–benefit analysis. It also discusses its merits and limitations. The calculation and use of biodiversity points are illustrated by four case studies.


Summary The msm 1 and msm 2 cytoplasms cause male sterility in barley. In order to clarify whether these cytoplasms can be used for hybrid seed production in Japan, we investigated the fertility restoration under environmental conditions in Japan using alloplasmic lines and an isogenic line. Fertility of barley lines containing msm1 and msm2 was completely restored by the restorer gene Rfm 1a. The effect of cytoplasm on malting quality was also investigated, but no significant difference in malting quality was observed between lines possessing msm1, msm2, and original cytoplasms. Malting quality also did not differ between Rfm1a/Rfm1a and Rfm1a/rfm1a genotypes, suggesting that Rfm1a and its flanking genes are not associated with heterosis for malting quality. Possibilities of hybrid barley breeding using these male sterile cytoplasms are discussed.


Aim. To study influence of the combined antihypertensive therapy on blood pressure (BP), glucose and lipid metabolism as well as cerebral blood flow in patients with metabolic syndrome (МS) Material and methods. 60 patients with MS aged of 35-65 y.o. were included in the study. 29 patients of the 1st group received verapamil SR (240 mg once daily) and indapamide retard (1,5 mg once daily). 31 patients of the 2nd group received verapamil SR (240 mg once daily) and enalapril (12,2±5,9 mg BID). Ambulatory BP monitoring, lipid profile, insulin and C-peptide levels, standard glucose tolerance test were performed. The single-photon emission computer brain tomography was performed in 11 patients of each group. Results. Combination of verapamil SR and enalapril showed more significant antihypertensive effect, improved carbohydrate metabolism and cerebral blood flow. However it worsened 24-hour BP profile. Combination of verapamil SR and indapamide retard increased fasting glycemia level within normal range, led to insignificant improvement of cerebral blood flow and did not worsen circadian BP rhythm. Both drug combinations improved lipid profile. Conclusion. Both drug combinations can be prescribed to MS patients. However diuretic based therapy demands regular control of glycemia level.


Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is sensitive to carrier frequency offset and channel estimation error, which destroy the subcarrier orthogonality and give rise to intercarrier interference (ICI). This paper addresses the performance degradation due to imperfect parameters in an orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFDM-CDM) system with multiple transmit antennas. For the performance evaluation, the average bit error rate (BER) impairment due to imperfect channel information and frequency offset is investigated taking into account the effect of time-varying channels. Derived results show that a space-time block coded (STBC) OFDM-CDM system experiences a severe BER degradation regardless of the number of users.


A new diffraction pattern of the high-temperature and high-pressure polymorph Mg3(PO4)2-III (PDF 43-500) is given and indexed on the basis of a single-crystal structure refinement. It allows diffractogram indexing of the isostructural high-temperature and high-pressure form of Co3(PO4)2 (PDF 43-499).


By John H. Knox In deciding whether federal statutes reach outside the United States, the Supreme Court employs a presumption against extraterritoriality. Its jurisprudence construing the canon has been inconsistent, however, and lower courts have amplified the confusion. This article proposes that the Court look for guidance to the international law of legislative jurisdiction. A presumption against extrajurisdictional, rather than extraterritorial, application of federal statutes would be more predictable and would better comport with reasonable assumptions of congressional intent. 351


Turf grasses are considered an integral part of landscape ecological systems worldwide which provide functional, recreational and aesthetic benefits to society and the environment. In arid and semiarid regions (e.g., Mediterranean region), turf grass is usually grown under harsh and unfavorable growing conditions with low rainfall and high rates of evapotranspiration as well as in soils with nutrient deficiencies. Hence, growing turf grass in these regions becomes dependent on application of high levels of fertilizers as well as on excessive use of irrigation water, resulting in an environmental pollution. Therefore, it is important that turf grass plantations are managed in a sustainable way to reduce the impact of turf grass cultivation on ecosystems while maintaining healthy and productive turf through using such practices as mycorrhizal fungi technology. The application of mycorrhizal fungi technology is an option that can benefit both agronomic plant health and ecosystems. Mycorrhizae confer numerous benefits to host plants including improved plant growth, mineral nutrition, water uptake, tolerance to diseases and stresses such as drought and salinity. The aims of this paper were to review how mycorrhizal fungi might play a role in enhancing landscape turf establishment and productivity in arid and semiarid regions and to evaluate the effectiveness of application of commercial mycorrhizal inoculum to enhance plant growth and survival under field conditions. Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi inoculation on water use efficiency and establishment of a landscape turf. The results showed that turf grass inoculated with AM fungi used water more efficiently, established lawn more quickly and had more biomass than uninoculated turf grass. The conclusions of this paper indicated the potential of mycorrhiza inoculation in improving the fast establishment of turf landscape plants under arid and semiarid environments.


Tamibarotene was synthesized from 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol by chlorination,Friedel-Crafts reaction with benzene to give 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1,4,4-tetramethylnaphthalene,which was subjected to nitration and reduction,followed by condensation with methyl 4-chlorocarbonylbenzoate and hydrolysis with an overall yield of about 20%.


One quarter of young Russians, comparing their lives with the lives of their parents when young records education among the "best. sides"' of life. The realised aspiration towards higher education is "characteristic of a comparably constant part of the population (18-19%) both now and in the' past: Among students of higher education institutions, young people originating from.families with high.per capita incomes are found, twice more often than representatives of mediumarid low-income familiesi At present; the''majority of young people oriented to higher education receives it in the age between 21 arid 25 and leaves the education systems, forever. ' '" ' "' " ■' '-' ,.' The education level of working young people is noticeably higher than that of the unemployed and temporarily jobless. "3 per cent1 of those'interviewed'are studying at private1 schools, universities, etc. 'The students of private education institutions are more often than not females, representatives of the older-group of young people;"" members1 of families with high per capita income's^ Studying at private educational institutions often figures "as :secondary occupation of young people. C' 45 per cent of respondents1 consider* the education received at higher education institutions to be sufficient, 6 per cent are oriented! to post-graduate studies, secondary and special secondary education attracts other 45 per cent of those interviewed, the rest of 3 per cent considers the education ranging 8-9 years at secondary school to be enough. In the totality of motives of refusal from continuing education the primary role is played by money reasons as well as shortage of time and lack of stimuli 33 per cent. of. those interviewed emphasise the meaning of own efforts' (diligence and persistence) in attachment to studies.-, 54 per cent of young.people (twice asuch as in 1991) are oriented to education abroad


The Malaysian furniture industry confronts a complex landscape defined by conventional wood joinery practices, resulting in rising material wastage, labour-intensive procedures, and intricate logistical challenges. This research explores designers' perceptions regarding sustainable furniture production and the feasibility of integrating modular 3D-printed joinery within an ergo-aesthetic framework. Data was collected through a survey (n = 424) in Malaysia. The analysis revealed significant correlations for senses and external influence (r = 0.325, p < 0.05), strong external influence with design attributes (r = 0.549, p < 0.05), and substantive design attributes with external influence connection (r = 0.580, p < 0.05). Ergonomic components highlight the correlations between physical with cognitive (r = 0.525, p < 0.05), cognitive with organisational (r = 0.547, p < 0.05), and organisational with physical (r = 0.546, p < 0.05). Incorporating physical ergonomics, comfort, usability, and user interaction, alongside cultural considerations, provides opportunities to improve functionality and user satisfaction in prototypes. By understanding designers' perspectives on sustainable furniture production and assessing modular 3D printed joinery, the study explains the relationship between design elements, sensory factors, aesthetics, and sustainable practices.