The effect of explant type and age,and plant growth regulators on the plant regeneration of Pinellia Ternate Breit 'zhenzhubanxia'was studied.The results showed that petiole showed the best ability in plant regeneration which was followed by lamina.Shoots could easily regenerate from bulbil,however,the average shoots derived from each explant was considerably lower compared with the other two explants.MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BA and 0.2 mg/L IBA gave the best regeneration from petiole,and that MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L TDZ and 0.2 mg/L IBA showed the best effect for lamina.Explants harvested from 20-day-old in vitro shoots were significantly better than others in regeneration.In vitro shoots of Pinellia was easily induced to form root.After acclimatization for 10-15 d in autoclaved soil,the plants showed higher than 95% survival after transferred to the field.


Linear stability theory is widely used in fluid mechanics to predict when a particular base flow becomes unstable. The critical values of the parameters of the problem (for example, the critical Reynolds numbers) are usually calculated by solving the corresponding linearized eigenvalue problem. The structure of the critical motion which takes place just above the threshold can also be analyzed by means of the linear stability theory. However, the evolution of the most unstable disturbance above the threshold cannot be described by the linear theory.

Weakly nonlinear theories are used in such cases to derive an amplitude evolution equation (or a system of evolution equations). The coefficients of such equations (one example is the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation) can be calculated by means of the method of multiple scales.

In this plenary talk we discuss both linear and weakly nonlinear models of fluid motion in detail. Two examples are considered: stability of shallow water flows and stability of transient rapidly decelerated flow in a circular pipe. The results of joint work with Prof. M.S. Ghidaoui are discussed.


This article begins by noting that historians are still unclear as to whether Luther pinned 95 Theses on indulgences to the door of the church of Wittenberg Castle. Many believe that what actually happened is that on October 31, 1517 Luther sent his reflections to Archbishop Albrecht of Brandenburg and then to his colleague theologians for an academic discussion. There was no intention to provoke a division within the church as it later came about in the context of complex historical and ecclesial circumstances and other factors. In the central part of the article the author investigates the basic principles of the theology of the Reformer, intimately related to spiritual and pastoral concerns: from the merciful image of God as revealed in Christ crucified to


Objectives 5‐Fluorouracil and its derivatives are widely used in the treatment of a variety of tumours. However, their use is associated with gastrointestinal toxicity, myelotoxicity and immune toxicity. In this study, we examined the protective effects of low‐molecular‐weight β‐glucan isolated from Aureobasidium pullulans GM‐NH‐1A1 against toxicity of UFT (combination of tegafur (1‐(2‐tetrahydrofuryl)‐5‐fluorouracil) and uracil) in mice bearing colon 26 tumours.


The paper examines the extent to which incentives such as employee training and internal promotion contribute to employee performance, the case of University of Nairobi. The study was descriptive in nature and investigated employee training and internal promotion to assess employee performance at the University of Nairobi. The target population in this study was the non-teaching staff of Nairobi University, whereby stratified sampling technique was applied. The findings of the study revealed that both employee training and internal promotion as human resource management practice enhances performance of employees and enhances organization's competitiveness. A major recommendation is the need to harmonize and integrate internal promotion and training as incentives towards employee improved performance. Further research should be done to explore the role of emerging technology, environment (facility layout, location, and supervision), attitude (character) and other personal (family issues) as other factors that affect employee's performance. Keywords : Human resource management practices, human resource management, training, skills development, internal promotion, employee performance, incentives. DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/11-14-08 Publication date :May 31st 2019


A finite plane acoustic beam 5 in. in diameter at a frequency of 15 MHz is used to spot‐insonify various simple geometrical shapes (i.e., cylinder, sphere, plates) both at normal and oblique incidence in a water tank. Echo levels are measured in the backscattered direction. Since a finite aperture transducer is used to both send and receive the signals, suitable Fresnelzone, absorption, and spreading corrections are made to compare measurements to theoretical predictions for the sonar cross sections. The sonar cross sections for the finite spot insonification cases of interest are developed from the Rayleigh‐Kirchhoff integrals by means of the Kirchhoff approximation. The resulting expressions contain contributions from the specular reflection point, the (shadow) boundary of the spot, and interactions of these two. As expected, at high frequencies, the specular reflection contribution is dominant and good agreement between it and the measurements is found. [This work was partially supported by the Naval S...


Interval censored data arises when individuals can be subjected to periodic inspection at random moments, and their status (e.g. failed or functioning) is ascertained at e�ch inspection. We exploit the order theoretic properties of interval orders to develop a new language describing interval cen sored data. We propose a method by which the set of linear extensions of an interval order may be partitioned into sets of linear extensions of weak orders, using so-called marked configurations of the interval order. The technique relies heavily on the natural linear ordering of maximal antichains in interval orders. We also propose a method whereby sets from this partition can be generated with known probability so as to permit efficient cluster or staged sampling. These techniques, among other uses, may be applied to generate sampling estimates of average rank score statistics for in terval censored data similar in construction to that proposed by Prentice (1978) for right-censored data. In order to address the above problem we must determine all sets which form minimal covers of maximal antichains for interval orders. Finding minimal covers generalizes the minimum clique cover problem. We produce an algorithm enumerating all minimal covers using the minimal elements of the interval order and also characterize maximal removable sets, which are the complements of minimal covers We use this characterization to provide bounds on the maximum number of mini mal covers for an interval order with a given number of maximal antichains. Finally, we determine nonparametric maximum likelihood estimators (NPMLE) of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) on the set of maximal antichains M of the data rather than the real line, extending the rea soning of Peto (1973) and Turnbull (1976) . We discuss some properties of self-consistent estimators of the CDF in light of the structure of M. We show the identity between self-consistency augmented by Kuhn-Tucker conditions and Fenchel duality, which characterize the NPMLE on M. We port to M recently developed isotonic regression techniques to estimate the NPMLE. We correct some misapprehensions which have gained currency in recent literature on interval censored data.


Trilinear Neutral Gauge Boson Couplings (TNGBCs), namely ZZZ, ZZγ, and Zγγ may be highly sensitive to any new physics effects as their amplitude is extremely suppressed in any renormalizable theory such as the standard model (SM), where these class of couplings arise up to the one‐loop level. Even more, in the SM, CP‐odd TNGBCs are more suppressed than CP‐even ones as the former are absent at the one loop level. This opens up the window to examine CP‐violating effects on TNGBCs induced by new sources of CP‐violation. Along these lines, we analyze the possible CP‐violation on TNGBCS induced by the most general renormalizable tcZ coupling.


Living Past - Online magazine of Experimental Archaeology and Ethnography Sujet : Living Past is an online magazine of Experimental Archaeology published by the A.T.P.G. Society. Its contents include simple videos, documentaries and other multimedia features the authors have to attach to their articles. It is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, prin...


Interest in the effect of nonbinding price controls on double auction markets stems from two primary considerations. The double auction institution converges to a competitive allocation more rapidly, and with fewer participating agents than any other institution with which it has been compared (see Smith et al.). One way to improve our understanding of this important property is to determine what conditions, if any, can interfere with or retard this convergence process. Nonbinding price controls represent a condition that may affect this convergence process. Hence, if such effects can be documented, they will provide a body of data that any future proposed model of the double auction process should be able to explain. A second reason for studying the effect of nonbinding controls on the double auction is practical: The organized commodity exchanges ". . . often set limits on price fluctuations during any single day. When prices at any point during a day rise above Qr fall below the closing prices of the preceding day by more than the amount of the limit, no further trading for that day is permitted" (Walter Labys, p. 162). Consequently, commodity trading frequently occurs at prices near the level of nonbinding price floors or ceilings. Mark Issac and Charles Plott report the results of twelve exploratory experiments in which various price control constraints are imposed on double auction markets. Their two principal conclusions can be summarized as follows: 1) The hypothesis is rejected that nonbinding price controls, that is, price ceilings above or price floors below the competitive equilibrium (CE), will serve as a focal point or signalling price on which sellers and buyers will key their contracts. 2) Inconclusive evidence is presented in support of the hypothesis that nonbinding controls near the CE will bias prices below CE when there is a price ceiling and above CE when there is a price floor. Support for this second hypothesis is not conclusive because some experimental markets show a tendency to converge from below and others from above depending upon the relative bargaining strength of buyers as against sellers. Thus sampling variation among subjects can yield a group in which buyers (sellers) are able to make contracts at an average price below (above) CE for several periods of trading. Consequently, in an experiment in which there is a price ceiling (floor) five cents above (below) CE and in which contract prices are observed to occur below (above) CE, one cannot determine conclusively whether the observed effect was due to the nonbinding price control or to the bargaining characteristics of the market participants. We report below an experimental design developed for the purpose of separating these confounding factors and allowing the effect of nonbinding controls to be isolated. The results of sixteen experiments strongly support the hypothesis that markets with a nonbinding price ceiling (floor) near CE will converge from below (above) relative to any otherwise identifiable tendency to converge from below (above). An analysis of the effect of a nonbinding price ceiling (floor) on the distributions of bids and offers reveals the cause of this bias: ceilings limit the bargaining strategies of sellers especially, but also that of buyers, while floors have the opposite effect. Thus, in the absence of price controls, double auction trading is characterized by a process in which sellers typically make concessions from offer prices well above CE while buyers most often concede from bid prices well below CE. A price ceiling truncates seller offer prices at the ceiling, requir*University of Arizona and Indiana University, respectively. Research support by the National Science Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.


INCREASING USE OF ELECTRIC PROPULSION SYSTEMS ON SHIPS AS is the case with general automobiles that are driven on land, the main type of engine used on ships is the internal combustion engine (motors such as diesel engines and gas turbines). It is a well-known fact that as a societal demand for reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has arisen, electric motor-driven systems have been introduced for use in automobile engines, thereby greatly improving fuel efficiency in hybrid or electric vehicles (which decrease CO2 emissions by reducing the consumption of fossil fuels). For the same reason, the number of electric propulsion ships being built has also been increasing (based on research by Hitachi, Ltd.), and this trend is expected to continue accelerating in the future. The introduction of electric propulsion systems for use in ships offers the following four advantages: (1) Simplification of the propulsion system, including the complicated reduction gear used to run the ship (frequent shifts between forward and backward movement or acceleration and deceleration; crush astern) (2) In the case of ships that consume extremely large amounts of power, a reduction in the financial burden of maintenance and repair including life cycle costs, due to the integration of propulsion motors with power generation motors for use in supporting general internal electrical load (3) Silencing of onboard noise (4) Improved fuel efficiency during travel due to the ability to constantly maintain a rotational speed that offers good fuel efficiency in the motors used for producing propulsive electric power Disadvantages include a higher initial cost when compared to propulsion systems based on internal combustion engines, increased energy conversion loss from fuel to propulsion, and a larger system volume due to the large number of component parts. Electric propulsion systems are often used on ships such as icebreakers or oceanographic research vessels that take advantage of the aforementioned operational benefits, or large passenger cruise ships and others that emphasize cost and silent operation. Hitachi is working to develop electric propulsion systems for ships based on these advantages and disadvantages.


The genetics and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) strongly implicate mitochondria in disease aetiology. Elegant studies over the last two decades have elucidated complex molecular signalling governing the identification and removal of dysfunctional mitochondria from the cell, a process of mitochondrial quality control known as mitophagy. Mitochondrial deficits and specifically reduced mitophagy are evident in both sporadic and familial PD. Mendelian genetics attributes loss-of-function mutations in key mitophagy regulators PINK1 and Parkin to early-onset PD. Pharmacologically enhancing mitophagy and accelerating the removal of damaged mitochondria are of interest for developing a disease-modifying PD therapeutic. However, despite significant understanding of both PINK1/Parkin-dependent and -independent mitochondrial quality control pathways, the therapeutic potential of targeting mitophagy remains to be fully explored.


There are many different, and even divergent, interpretations of Leibniz' natural philosophy. Some insist on his adhesion to the principles of mechanism; they evoke the dream of decomposable, totally analyzable and perfectly comprehensible nature. Others stress that Leibniz also perceived the inadequacies of mechanism and that he affirmed the necessity of reintroducing substantial forms into physical theory. Some have seen in Leibniz one of the representatives of this "new physics", for whom the world is something like a well-regulated clock, while others consider him as the first to rise up against the excesses of a paradigm which claims to reduce the world to a gigantic machine. In an article entitled L'etat actuel de la recherche leibnizienne 1 , A. Heinekamp stresses the interest aroused today by the Leibniz dynamic. He says that it is most likely linked "to the fundamental crisis of physics, where the belief in the universal value of Newtonian theories has been shaken, and to present-day scientific discussion, in which theories that could be an alternative to those of Newton are taken into consideration". This allusion unfortunately remains rather mysterious (Heinekamp mentions no name). It might be possible to see in this remark an invitation to move the spirit of Leibniz' natural philosophy closer to the ambition of those theories which today concentrate on themes such as auto-organisation or morphogenesis. In a book with the title L'invention des formes and sub-title Chaos-Catastrophes-FractalesStructures dissipatives-Attracteurs etranges 2 , A. Boutot speaks of mathematical "neo-Aristotelism". Neo-Aristotelism because typically Aristotelian themes that conventional science may have tended to "forget" 3


Background: Alcohol dependence is a significant public health concern, necessitating effective treatment options. Baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid-B (GABA-B) receptor agonist, has shown promise in reducing alcohol craving and promoting abstinence. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Baclofen for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Materials and Methods: Participants meeting the criteria for alcohol dependence were randomly assigned to receive either Baclofen or placebo in addition to standard care. The primary outcome measures were abstinence rates and reduction in alcohol consumption. Secondary outcomes included changes in craving scores, adverse events, and liver function tests. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods, including intention-to-treat analysis Results: A total of 200 participants were included in the trial, with 100 assigned to the Baclofen group and 100 to the placebo group. The Baclofen group demonstrated a significantly higher rate of abstinence compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, participants receiving Baclofen showed a significant reduction in alcohol consumption compared to the placebo group (p < 0.01). There was also a significant improvement in craving scores in the Baclofen group compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001). Adverse events reported were mild and similar between the two groups. No significant changes in liver function tests were observed in either group. Conclusion: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial provides evidence supporting the efficacy of Baclofen in promoting abstinence and reducing alcohol consumption in individuals with alcohol dependence. Baclofen was well-tolerated, with no significant adverse effects on liver function. These findings highlight the potential of Baclofen as a safe and effective pharmacological intervention for alcohol dependence, offering new avenues for the management of this challenging disorder


Cite this article as: Palanisamy S, Mathews AD, Murthy SI. Acute bilateral conjunctivitis with nasooral involvement: A rare manifestation of tuberculosis. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020;68:639-40. This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.


Organic semiconductors that exhibit strong absorptions in the near-infrared (NIR) region have received increasing attentions as new organic optoelectronic materials. In this paper, we report the synthesis, absorption and semiconducting...


The geometric structure of nine gaseous molecules obeying the generic formula CrOm(OH)n has been determined by gradient-corrected density functional theory, with good agreement with experimental values where available. Cr−ligand bond energies have been determined for all of the molecules by use of the high-level ab initio method CCSD(T) in conjunction with PCI-X and G2(MP2/CC) extrapolation schemes. In combination with computed harmonic vibrational frequencies, the bond dissociation energies are used to form enthalpies of formation. The resulting set represents the best set of consistent values available for the title molecules.


BACKGROUND
Management of tomato potato psyllid (TPP; Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc)) predominantly relies on insecticides. However, biological control agents (BCAs) could provide viable alternatives to suppress TPP populations. In this laboratory experiment, we assessed the predatory mite Amblydromalus limonicus (Garman & McGregor) as a BCA of TPP on whole plants of two tomato and two pepper cultivars over a 5-week period.

RESULTS
Plant species and cultivar had a significant effect on the ability of A. limonicus to suppress populations of TPP. Numbers of TPP were suppressed by A. limonicus on four pepper treatments, but on only one tomato treatment. Amblydromalus limonicus could survive and reproduce on pepper and tomato, but more were found on pepper at the end of the 5-week period.

CONCLUSION
Amblydromalus limonicus has the potential to suppress TPP populations on pepper but not tomato cultivars, based on the present study. Possible reasons for these results include the difference in leaf morphology between species, and higher predator:prey ratios on pepper than tomato because of the longer TPP generation time on pepper. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.


This study aims to show the masculinity traits on main female character on Wolfsbane webtoon. The data taken from the textual and visual from webtoon panels. The study uses the social semiotic from G. Kress and Leeuwen with descriptive analytical methodology. The result of this study shows that the female character has shown the independence and strong willed as masculinity traits.
Keywords: Masculinity, Webtoon, Kress and Leeuwen, Social Semiotic


The quantum geometric potential is a gauge invariant carrying novel geometric features between any two energy levels or bands in quantum systems. In generic time-dependent systems it gives a vital physical modification for the instantaneous energy gaps, laying down more appropriate quantum adiabatic conditions for both non-degenerate and degenerate systems. Remarkably, for generic parameterized quantum systems, the integration of the quantum geometric potential on a closed loop leads to a novel type of quantized winding number, which is a quantum counterpart of the Gauss-Bonnet theorem. The effects of the quantum geometric potential had been indirectly supported by the experiments on the quantum adiabatic evolution, however, a direct experimental observation so far is lacking. In this paper we propose an interference measurement to directly probe the quantum geometric potential, where the relevant parameters are easily accessible by current experimental apparatus. A direct confirmation of this new physical quantity could motive further theoretical and experimental investigations as well as its potential real applications.


The requirement for an efficient optical nonlinear element has been a limiting factor in the development of both classical and quantum optical computing with continuous variables. Typically, one uses the nonresonant Kerr effect for the optical nonlinear computation step, however, the Kerr effect is weak and requires long interaction lengths. In addition, the optical solitons that play the role of information carriers, are moving, requiring careful experimental timing to achieve the desired logic operation.


We review our recent construction of operator-algebraic quantum field models with a weak localization property. Chiral components of two-dimensional conformal fields and certain endomorphisms of their observable algebras play a crucial role. In one case, this construction leads to a family of strictly local (Haag-Kastler) nets. 1 Operator-algebraic approach to QFT The problem of constructing interacting relativistic quantum field theory on four-dimensional spacetime has been a long-standing open problem. On the other hand, in lower dimensions there have been important developments in several different approaches (e.g. Constructive QFT, form factor bootstrap). Here we adopt the operator-algebraic approach, also known as Algebraic Quantum Field Theory or Local Quantum Physics [9], which has recently resulted in a construction of a large family of quantum field models in two-spacetime dimensions [11] and a further progress [12]. Furthermore, two-dimensional Conformal Field Theory can be successfully studied in this framework [10]. In this contribution, we present a new method of constructing two-dimensional operator-algebraic QFT based on chiral components of CFT [19, 1, 18]. The mathematical approach to QFT which is the closest to the notion in physics is the Wightman axioms. AWightman field is an operator-valued distribution which satisfies certain properties which originate in physics, e.g. Poincaré covariance and Einstein causality. Yet, the quantum field smeared with a smooth function is still an unbounded operator and sometimes plagued by the problem of domains. Instead, in algebraic QFT one considers algebras of bounded operators. 1.1 Haag-Kastler nets A Haag-Kastler net, or a Poincaré covariant net (of observables) assigns to each open region O ⊂ R a von Neumann algebra A(O) on a common Hilbert space H (see the book [16] for a general account on von Neumann algebras). In addition, one assumes that there is a continuous unitary representation U of the Poincaré group on H and an invariant ground state, the vacuum Ω. The triple (A, U,Ω) is subject to standard axioms and considered as a model of quantum field theory [9]. If one has a Wightman field φ, then one can construct the corresponding net by defining A(O) := {e : suppf ⊂ O}, where M means the set of bounded operators commuting with any element ofM. The double commutant M is the smallest von Neumann algebra which includes This article has been prepared for the proceedings of ICMP 12. Supported by Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst and in part by Courant Research Centre "Higher Order Structures in Mathematics".


This chapter explores police corruption in inter-war London looking specifically at the case of Sergeant George Goddard. It suggests that corruption was not, as most police historians have argued, a problem of the occasional rotten apple but was, in many instances systemic, and that this was particularly the case in parts of central London in the period after the First World War.


A key requirement for a distributed collaborative application is that all participants see the same copy of a shared window-object at different points in time (WYSIWIS). This is needed to maintain a cohesive view of the problem. We recognize that user actions are generated based on their understanding of the context of the problem, where context is defined in terms global view of the shared window object. However, it is noted that, actions generated from different sites in response to the same context may not be compatible with each other since execution of one action may change the context in such a way that other actions become irrelevant. This notion of compatibility of action is the crucial distinguishing factor between a distributed collaborative system and other distributed systems where independent actions are generally serializable [1]. We propose a general framework that uses the concept of temporal epoch to implement a state-machine model of collaboration. We also explore the idea of 'contextual integrity' as a pre-requisite for perceptual consistency among users.


Our aim of the project is to demonstrate all the protections and interlocks available in the critical equipments of power station such as Boiler, Turbine, the Alternator, and how these critical equipments are protected from abnormal conditions and parameters. The failure of any one of these equipments will lead to loss of power generation. The cost of these equipments is huge. Boiler has got protection against abnormal drum level, abnormal live steam pressure, abnormal live steam temperature, abnormal furnace pressure. Turbine has got protection against abnormal condenser vacuum, abnormal lubricating oil pressure, abnormal axial shiftand abnormal turbine speed. Similarly the generator has also got the following protections 1.10.5kv earth fault, 220kv earth fault, differential protection, incomplete phase condition, rotor earth fault, stator inter turn fault, over current protection, stator overvoltage, rotor overvoltage. These protections are classified as class a, class b and class c protections. Distributed digital controls and numerical protections relays play vital role in providing protections to critical equipments to demonstrate these protections in real sense in our project kit. However an effort has been made to demonstrate the functioning of these protections with the aid of a programmable logic controller. Also a few suggestions to improve the existing system are also discussed.


where R is an N-dimensional Euclidean space, Ξ its dual Euclidean space and μ is a temperate weight function in Ξ. In our previous paper [2] we have given a trace theorem for the space H(R). Let μ = μ(ξ', τ), ζ = (ξί,..., ξn), τ = (τ1,..., Γ I τ 1 t m ), N = n + m and assume \ —jA-,—^-dτ<co for a non-negative integer M. jΞμ (C s ) [C τ ) I / 2 Put vfc(^) = i\ —27^—\dτ\ for fc = (fcl5..., fcm), fcy being a non-negative integer, such that \k\ ^ M . Then the mapping


This paper presents an analysis of some of the most representative stories of the so-called "soft Science Fiction". The stories selected deal with several topics of anthropological interest, such as the problem of linguistic otherness, linguistic diversity as a reflection of other worlds and the use of language as thought control instrument.


An 89-year-old woman was admitted for intestinal obstruction. Her abdominal radiograph showed typical features of sigmoid volvulus. Decompression was done successfully through careful flexible sigmoidoscopy with minimum air insufflation. The patient's symptoms were relieved and she was discharged two days post-procedure. No recurrence was noted at extended follow-up. Rapid diagnosis and early decompression are key to optimal management of sigmoid volvulus.


The foundation of our study is constituted by organization of transfer of the receivable. The transfer transaction which is realized out of the will of the debtor, between the creditor who wants to takeover the receivable and the receivable right owner, is a three-party legal relationship. In this relationship, the rights of the parties, their obligations and the problems which may be encountered are taken up specially in our study properly. The fact that the transfer of the receivable is a frequently encountered establishment in practice is the primary reason of the preparation of our study. Apart from the transfer of the receivable, a lot of legal organizations play a facilitation role in the lives of the persons economically. As these organizations are similar to each others, they contain some differences as well. We are in an opinion that this comparison which shall be made and performed by means of attracting attention to the similarities and differences between the other legal organizations with the transfer of the receivable shall be quite beneficial and useful. The subjects which are mentioned in our study are taken up comparatively in accordance with the arrangements and regulations which are specified and stated in the Turkish Code of Obligations and the Former Law of Obligations. In addition to this, our study is formed by means of taking the doctrines, considerations and the applications of the day as basis.


Recently, to obtain biogas from biomass, an innovative system based on both sustainable intensification of crop rotation and use of by‐products was developed. This system derives from BIOGASDONERIGHT concept, which was put forward with the aim of making more sustainable biogas production. Among the by‐products that could be considered for the anaerobic digestion within this new concept, olive pomace (OP) has been the object of research studies aimed at evaluating its possible reuse for energy purpose in terms of economic sustainability. This possibility is of relevant importance to reduce the environmental burden caused by disposal processes of the residues of olive oil industries. However, to the authors' knowledge, the amount of processed olives in olive‐producing areas, as well as the correct planning of OP use for energy purposes, has not yet been the object of research activities. Therefore, the aim of this research study was to compute the availability of OP, the main waste from the olive oil industry to be disposed of, by following a methodology which included a geographic information system (GIS) based model that allowed the computation of indicators suitable to describe OP potential production within geographical areas. In the first phase of the study, the spatial distribution of the olive‐producing areas in Sicily, a geographical area of the Mediterranean Basin highly representative of olive oil production, was analyzed. Then, a GIS‐based model, previously defined and applied to evaluate the amount of citrus pulp production, was applied to this case study to estimate OP potential production by the computation of a suitable index. The model required information about olive oil industries, which was gathered by performing specific surveys, and included the computation of indicators regarding olive‐producing areas, the amount of olive oil produced, and the amount of OP obtained. In the second phase of this study, the quantification of OP that can be available for biogas production was carried out at a provincial level in an area described by the highest potential of OP production. The total amount of OP available for biogas production corresponded theoretically to 1.9 million Nm3 biogas. This result proved that OP has a high potential to be converted into a resource for renewable energy production, such as biogas. Therefore, it constituted a potential solution to issues related to the environmental burden of OP disposal. Furthermore, the GIS‐based model applied in this case study, by giving the potential production of OP, could contribute to build an information base aimed at improving the sustainability of biogas sector. In this context, by considering the availability and distribution of other agricultural biomasses, the results of this study could be useful for applications in geographical areas where biogas sector is still developing. In fact, the obtained results could help identifying the best location of new biogas plants in terms of optimization of the logistics of biomasses supply. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd


A description is given of the synthesis by fragment condensation of the peptide Gly-Glu-Ser-Arg-Glu-Ser-Ser-Ala-Asp-Lys-Phe-Lys-Arg-Gln-His-Met-Asp-Thr-Glu-Gly-Pro-Ser-Lys corresponding to the 1--23 amino acid sequence of rat pancreatic ribonuclease. This rat peptide combined with bovine S-protein yields a fully active ribonuclease S' analogue.


Assessment of individual differences has been a major focus in psychology, especially educational psychology, for a full century. Over the last 100 years, psychologists and educators have learned to do that job, and in very many areas they have learned to do it quite well. In spite of our successes, the century mark seems a good time to assess areas still in need of improvement. Further, the success of psychometrics has taken us to a new inflection point in the progress curve in this field, a time when we can use the past as a starting point for future development. In this special issue of the Peabody Journal of Education, we take a broad look at the enterprise of assessment of individual differences in several domains. We do not expect to be exhaustive, but perhaps we can hope to be representative. Assessment of individual differences began with efforts to distinguish degrees of difference in intelligence, which continues to be a major theme today. It has hardly been an exclusive theme, however. It is even possible that the concept of intelligence has outlived its usefulness-but that is another story! At least equal in importance to the assessment of individual differences in intelligence is the assessment of learning progress, as well as the assessment of personality differences, motivational differences, differences in language, and other cognitive development. In this issue we present the broad range of the field of psycho-educational assessment.


The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical profileof patients positive for tuberculosis through an epidemiological study, descriptive and retrospective, based on secondary data contained in medical records of patients that attended the Hospital Universitario de Londrina comprising from January 2010 to December 2014. From the medical records available for analysis at the moment of study 86 cases were positive for tuberculosis, being the majority male (65/76%) with age group comprised between 2 to 91 years. The main symptoms presented were cough (50/58%), fever (45/52%) and weight loss (34/40%). Regarding the clinical form, 58/67% of the patients presented the pulmonary form, and 28/33% the non-pulmonary form. Positive cases for tuberculosis in association with HIV/AIDS corresponded to 32/37%. Harmful habits were also reported in patients in which 30/34% were smokers, 20/23% drug users and 14/16% were alcoholics. Against scarcity of published data referring to tuberculosis in our region and its relevance to public health, our study contributes to the epidemiological aspects mainly in relation to the high number of cases of coinfection with Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus and patients with evolution to death, assisting the development and implementation of campaigns or projects aimed at early diagnosis and treatment.


Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy was used, in the current investigation, to explore the dispersion and stability of titania nanoparticles in an aqueous media with different types of dispersants. Hydrochloric and nitric acids as well as ammonia were used to determine the stability of the suspension in the acidic region (pH=2.5) and basic area (pH=9.5), respectively. In addition, for measuring sustainability of suspension and creating steric, and electrosteric repulsive forces, ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol plus ammonia were employed, respectively. UV-V is spectrometry was applied to realize the effect of nano titania concentrations and different types of dispersants of samples containing different amounts of nano titania and different types of dispersants on stability of TiO2-containing suspensions. In addition, the stability of dispersion could be evaluated in colloidal mixtures containing ethylene glycol plus ammonia. It was demonstrated that the mixtures containing ethylene glycol plus ammonia were stable over a period of 4 days. To support the UV-Vis results, other techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to study the degree of agglomeration of titania nanoparticles in terms of morphology and size.


Askin tumour is a form of primitive neuroectodermal tumour arising from the thoracopulmonary region. The patient being reported is a young adult who initially presented in dyspnoea and was found to have hemothorax following chest wall injury. About one year later, he again presented in dyspnoea. But this time he was found to have a mass arising from the previous traumatic site, which was diagnosed as Askin tumour. Such a scenario of Askin tumour arising from a traumatic site is uncommon. Moreover, Askin tumour itself is a rare presentation in adults. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(3) 2017 84-86


Excerpt To the editors:Several clinically significant interactions have been reported with bile acid sequestrants, including digoxin, warfarin, thiazide diuretics, corticosteroids, and levothyroxin...


The the Grande Canale and Shandong canal transit, is the folk music culture of North South exchange hub. In this context, Shandong also gave birth to many in both north and South music features of folk songs of the same clan "". Therefore, this paper intends to "embroidered light" as an example, to analyze the evolution of Shandong folk songs of the same clan context, and that music aesthetic cultural psychology in the evolution of this kind of folk song's role in the process of. And then summed up the research value of Shandong folk songs of the same clan, in order to attract academic colleagues in Shandong folk songs of the same clan research attention. Shandong province is a province rich in folk song resources. Moreover, the territory of Shandong folk songs, many folk songs of the same clan also belong to the fun "". According to Mr. Feng Guangyu in the "Chinese" folk songs of the same clan in the book the definition of folk songs of the same clan refers to "the original folk song, which spread to all over the country, derived from the evolution of several sub body folk community." "Folk songs" matrix ", including many aspects of meaning, such as melody, lyrics, music content structure, lining word lining cavity and other factors are special tone" [1]According to the similarities and differences between the folk songs of the same clan each other music elements, Mr. Feng Guangyu will be divided into "clan folk song lyrics," similar "words with the song" song of the same word, different "difference" and "the framework of the same structure and different lyrics, lyrics and the same word different" and "frame structure and the tail cavity and the same different lyrics"[2]These six types. According to the above definition, is the territory of Shandong Province, the spread of the "broken bridge", "five stack", "silver", "new silk embroidery," nun Hess "light" and "embroider pouch", "cut", "Indigo spinning cotton", "kite flying", "swing", "painting fan", "towel fabric", "flowers", "flower", "Jasmine", "ten cups of wine", all belong to the "clan folk song" list. Below, the author takes "embroidered light" as an example, to analyze the research value of Shandong folk songs. "Embroidered lamp" since it is "folk songs" the Meng Jiangnu clan branch, then the territory of Shandong "embroidered lamp" should be with the "Meng Jiangnu" are closely linked. In fact, it is true. In Ji'nan, for example, there are two "embroidered lights" circulating in Licheng District of the city, which are directly evolved from the two "Meng Jiangnu" in Jiangsu. "Meng Jiangnu" as one of the most widely circulated folk songs of the same clan in Jiangsu Province, it has produced a variety of variant forms. For example, the most widely circulated in Jiangsu "Meng Jiangnu" is the "gong--gong--shang--jue--shang--jue" in Yancheng City County of Funing; and the "Meng Jiangnu", is to "gong--yu--zhi--gong--shang" Yu Palace's first[3]。And the two "embroidered lights" in the city proper, respectively, are using the "flowers" and other melodic development techniques, from the above two "Meng Jiangnu" directly evolved[4]. However, when we look at the content of the "embroidered lantern", we feel that it is somewhat out of tune with the parent folk song "Meng Jiangnu"". As we know, "Meng Jiangnu" Fan Xiliang was forced to describe the construction of the Great Wall and died after his wife Meng Jiangnu's grief and misery. Although the song has been performed in various places as a "Spring Song", the basic style of its melody tends to be sad. The "light" describes embroidery, a scene bursting with happiness: "the first month to month, the white house calls with sister. I opened the gold cabinet (here), out of colored velvet. Xianlaiwushi embroidery (then ah cough lamp, you gentleman yo) Jane listened (two oh)......". Shandong spread all over "embroidered light", although some will be changed to white sister sister, but depicts the festive atmosphere is exactly the same. Especially high density "embroidered lamp", also described in the best of spirits: "the embroidered embroidered


The classical Krylov-Bogoliubov "averaging" technique is used to study a class of nonlinear damping models, for which the damping force is proportional to the product of positive integer or fractional power of absolute values of displacement and that of velocity. The results are compared with linear viscous damping models. The amplitude decrement of free vibration for a single mode system with nonlinear models depends not only on damping ratio, but also on the initial amplitude, the time to measure the response, frequency of the system, and the powers of displacement and velocity. For the distributed system, the action of nonlinear damping is found to reduce energy of the system as well as to pass energy to higher modes. Experimental evidence such as in Spacecraft Control Laboratory Experiment seems to support the need for nonlinear models.


Partnerships between immigrants and native-born citizens are commonly viewed as the product of successful social integration, as well as a possible driving force of economic success. Thus, immigrants living in inter-ethnic partnerships have on average a higher level of education, better occupational status, and higher income than those living in intra-ethnic relationships. Data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) show that immigrants in relationships with native Germans describe themselves on average as particularly communicative and open. However, in this area there is no difference between Germans in inter-ethnic relationships and those in German-German partnerships. Similarly, readiness to take risks and general life satisfaction are not above average among Germans in inter-ethnic relationships. By contrast, immigrants in inter-ethnic relationships evaluate themselves as particularly willing to take risks and interested in politics. In addition, they see themselves as less often subject to discrimination than immigrants living in intra-ethnic partnerships.


The 7th member of Yanchang Formation 0f Late Triassic in Ordos Basin is a U-rich hy-drocarbon source rocks rich in collophane,frambodial pyrite,and organic matter.In this paper the uranium occurrence in the rock of the Chang-7Member is studied using Ray,Scanning electron microscope,electron microscopy,energy spectrum analysis,and α radiography photo.The result shows that the uranium exists not only in an isomorphism uranium form but also in pyrite and oganic matters in organic matter in an adsorption form.In addition,for the first time,find that the uranium exists incollophane mineral in an independent form of uranium minearal,with the particle size between 2-14μm.It can be roughly divided into two types of uranium minerals: uranium stone,titanium.


Procedures for the diagnosis and therapy of sleep disordered breathing have been well established in healthcare systems for quite some time and effective management of patients with sleep disordered breathing is established in many healthcare settings.1 However, there remain many unanswered questions, not only in relation to pathophysiology, prevalence and management but also in relation to cost of the condition and the cost-effectiveness of treatments. These questions have come into sharper focus with the current economic pressures. Healthcare payers may accept evidence that treatment reduces comorbidities, costs for physician service and drug treatment, lost working days, stays at hospitals and accidents caused by sleepiness but they could legitimately ask a number of other questions. Which patient has to be treated with which treatment and when should it be started? Are there identifiable patients where a more conservative treatment strategy suffices and others where alternative treatment methods are needed? And do these treatments increase life expectancy and quality of life, and reduce healthcare costs? We have to convince the national reimbursement agencies in every country that sleep medicine does provide cost-effective treatment so that they provide us with sufficient resources to effectively diagnose and treat obstructive sleep disordered breathing.

There is good evidence that untreated sleep apnoea is associated with reduced life expectancy2 and high comorbidity. Important comorbid disorders include arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and depression. As a consequence, patients with obstructive sleep disorders consume around 70% more healthcare resources than matched control patients.3 In this issue of Thorax , …


Clinically missing or unerupted permanent teeth manifest in early childhood itself, yet they may be misdiagnosed or left untreated due to the lack of knowledge or experience, which might have a major impact on facial esthetics and psychological aspect of the individual. Physical obstruction is the primary local cause for delayed tooth eruption. These obstacles can be due to the presence of supernumerary teeth, mucosal barrier, scar tissue, and tumors. The procurement of conventional radiographs is restricted with the advent of cone-beam computed tomography which is considered as a best tool in an localizing impacted tooth in the field of dentistry. The present case report depicts a 2-year follow-up of a horizontally impacted maxillary permanent central incisor associated with odontoma that was surgically reimplanted successfully.


Diving's training contains the quality basic training and skill basic training. The paper initially summaries the training methods of walk on the board, jumping, connecting skills, folding skills in diving's training .


This study aimed to examine the level of shooting accuracy demonstrated by law enforcement recruits upon completion of their law enforcement firearms training in comparison with novice shooters. One hundred and ninety-five male and 52 female law enforcement recruits volunteered. Participants were separated by firearms experience into the following groups: expert (completed law enforcement firearms course, n = 83), intermediate (recreational experience, n = 71) and novice (minimal/no experience, n = 93). All subjects were tested for accuracy at target locations from 3 to 75 ft. For all locations, no difference was found in accuracy between expert and intermediate groups (p > 0.30). Experts and intermediates had better results than novices on all locations (p < 0.05) except from 3 to 15 ft. Alarmingly, experts were only 10% more accurate than novices between 3 and 15 ft. Finally, novices and intermediate shooters were more likely to hit head locations from 3 ft (57%), whereas experts mainly hit the body location (78%). The results of this study indicate that officers had no advantage over intermediate shooters and a small advantage over novices.


Although the gravity is the most important force acting on the Universe scale, on small scales the electrical interaction prevails. Indeed, the Coulomb force between two charged particles is very high as compared to the gravity force between the masses carrying electric charges. Therefore, a solution would be to connect the two forces by extending the hydrodynamic analogy successfully introduced in the author's previous works. These papers provide a model for gravity, an important conclusion being the dependence of the gravity coefficient in Newton formula on the age of the Universe. Unlike mass-energy, the total electric charge in the Universe is null. Therefore, we must consider limited regions of the Universe (example: atoms, nuclei) to express Coulomb's strong forces. In the following we take into consideration that any electric charge (electrons, protons, quarks etc.) is carried by a mass. Unlike the gravity force which is modeled by hydrodynamic sources on a global scale, Coulomb's force is modeled by an equivalent vortex mass on a local scale.


A parachute arrangement comprising a parachute having a canopy, a plurality of shroud lines coupled to the canopy, and a plurality of connectors (23) coupled to the shroud lines for attachment to a load; and a packaging (10) for the parachute, the packaging comprising an enclosure formed of a web material, wherein each of the shroud lines and/or connectors is engaged with the enclosure to thereby maintain the connectors in a spaced-apart arrangement for attachment to the load.


Diet represents an exogenous influence that often yields colossal effects on an individual's phenotype, physiology, long-term health and disease risk. The overconsumption of dietary sugars for example, has contributed to significant increases in obesity and type 2 diabetes, health issues that are costly both in terms of dollars and human life. Additionally, individuals with these conditions have compromised oxygen delivery and thus, an increased vulnerability to other oxygen-deprivation related disease states, including cardiovascular disease, ischemic strokes, vascular and coronary diseases and myocardial infarction. While human and other mammalian studies have shown that individuals with type 2 diabetes have a worse prognosis and recovery after being challenged with an oxygen-deprivation related injury, mechanistic understanding regarding why this is the case is lacking. We are using C. elegans to identify genetic and cellular changes that modulate responses to the combinatory stress of hyperglycemia and oxygen-deprivation. We have determined that C. elegans fed a high glucose diet have increased cellular glucose (hyperglycemia), increased lipid content and increased sensitivity to oxygen-deprivation (anoxia) and ROS induction. We have determined that the insulin-like signaling pathway, via fatty acid and ceramide synthesis, modulates the increased sensitivity to anoxia. In mammalian systems, specific ceramide species increase after an ischemic event and are also linked to detrimental effects observed in diabetic patients, underscoring the potential role these molecules have in modulating oxygen-deprivation and hyperglycemia responses in individuals. Specific fatty acids also have known roles as both signaling molecules and as integral membrane components, thus, we hypothesize that a high-glucose diet disrupts fatty acid and ceramide homeostasis resulting in aberrations in metabolic processes and stress response pathways that are essential for the survival of oxygen-deprivation. Additionally, gene expression analysis (via RNAseq) on C. elegans fed either a standard or glucose-supplemented diet revealed that glucose impacts the expression of genes involved with multiple cellular processes, including lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, stress responses, cell division and extracellular functions. Several of the genes we identified are also differentially regulated in obese and type-2 diabetic human individuals, indicating a high degree of conserved gene expression changes between C. elegans fed a glucose-supplemented diet and in diabetic and/or obese human individuals. Together this work underscores how both diet and


Three species of Phlaeothripidae described from Southeast Asia and two species described from New Zealand are here recorded from Australia. Three genera, 'Anaglyptothrips' Mound and Palmer, 'Azaleothrips' Ananthakrishnan and 'Yarnkothrips' Mound and Walker, should be added to the Australian faunal list.


Aging is a natural process in all living organisms defined as destruction of cell function as a result of long-term accumulation of damages. Autophagy is a cellular house safeguard pathway which responsible for degrading damaged cellular organelles. Moreover, it maintains cellular homeostasis, control lifetime, and longevity. Damaged mitochondrial accumulation is a characteristic of aging which associated with neurodegeneration. Mitochondria functions as a principal energy source via supplying ATP through oxidative phosphorylation which serves as fuel for neuronal function. Mitophagy and mitochondrial specific autophagy plays an important role in maintenance of neuronal health via the removal of dysfunctional and aged mitochondria. The mitochondrial QC system involves different strategies for protecting against mitochondrial dysfunction and maintaining healthy mitochondria in cells. Mitochondrial function protection could be a strategy for the promotion of neuroprotection. Mitophagy, could be an effective target for drug discovery. Therefore, further detailed studies for mechanism of mitophagy will advance our mitochondrial phenotype knowledge and understanding to disease pathogenesis. This review mainly focuses on ageing mediated mechanism of autophagy and mitophagy for maintaining the cellular homeostasis and longevity.


Laser damage thresholds of 8μm- and 22μm-core diameter solid-core photonic crystal fibres (PCF) and hollow-core photonic band gap (PBG) fibres have been measured. The studies were carried out using a 1.06μm Nd:Yag laser (30nsec pulses at 10Hz), which is optimally coupled into these fibres by careful mode matching, providing a coupling efficiency greater than 90%. It has been shown that the damage threshold of the 8µm core PBG fiber occurs at pulse energies close to 1 mJ, equivalent to a fluence well in excess of 1kJ/cm2 propagating down the fibre. This is a factor of 4 larger than the damage threshold of a solid-core PCF of similar core diameter. In comparison, the damage threshold of the large-core PBG is smaller than that of the equivalent PCF. Theoretical modelling based only on the optical modal properties of the single mode PBG fibre shows that an enhancement of a factor of 25 should be obtainable. Thus there are different damage mechanisms potentially responsible for the fragility of larger core PBG fibres. In an experimental study of bend losses it has been found that it is possible to bend the 8μm PBG fibre up to the breaking point bend radius (<1mm). The critical bend radius for the 22μm core PBG is close to 2 mm, which is 50 times smaller than the critical bend radius of a 20μm core PCF.


The overview of targets, functions, objectives and subject of the controlling system have been examined. Controlling has been proved to be integral and complex system.


PhospholipaseC maturation of cerebellum. Several studies have demonstrated3(PLC 3)isakeyenzymeregulatingphos-phoinositide metabolism; however, its physiological functionremainsunknown.BecausePLC an important role in neurite outgrowth and neuronal migra-3ishighlyenrichedinthecer-ebellum and cerebral cortex, we examined the role of PLC tion, which mainly occurs via the regulation of the actin cyto-3inneuronal migration and outgrowth. PLC skeleton (1). Activation of Cdc42 or Rac has been shown to3 knockdown (KD)inhibitsneuriteformationofcerebellargranulecells,andappli-cation of PLC 3KD using


The utility model discloses an intelligent parking guidance and information system which comprises a data acquisition system, a communication network, a central control system, an internet and a user terminal. The data acquisition system is connected with the central control system by the communication network. The central control system is connected with the user terminal by the internet. Due to the adoption of the technical scheme of the utility model, the utilization ratio of parking lots can be greatly improved, the urban traffic jam is reduced, the waste of parking resources and management cost can be avoided, improve the satisfaction of users is improved, so that the intelligent parking guidance and information system plays a positive role in the improvement of urban traffic conditions and the service level of parking lot industries.


We deal with an infinite-server system where the
service speed is governed by a stationary and ergodic
process with countably many states. Applying a random
time transformation such that the service speed
becomes one, the sojourn time of a class of virtual
requests with given required service time is equal
in distribution to an additive functional defined
via a stationary version of the time-changed process.
Thus bounds for the expectation of functions of additive
functionals yield bounds for the expectation
of functions of virtual sojourn times, in particular
bounds for fractional moments and the distribution
function. Interpreting the $GI(n)/GI(n)/\infty$ system or
equivalently the $GI(n)/GI$ system under state-dependent
processor sharing as an infinite-server system with
random states given by the number $n$ of requests
in the system provides results for sojourn times
of virtual requests. In case of $M(n)/GI(n)/\infty$,
the sojourn times of arriving and added requests are
equal in distribution to sojourn times of virtual
requests in modified systems, which yields many results
for the sojourn times of arriving and added requests.
In case of integer moments, the bounds generalize
earlier results for $M/GI(n)/\infty$. In particular,
the mean sojourn times of arriving and added requests
in $M(n)/GI(n)/\infty$ are proportional to the required
service time, generalizing Cohen's famous result
for $M/GI(n)/\infty$.


FTP has been widely used on the Internet, the current application and research mainly focus on the FTP download technology, but upload technology research is rarely involved, especially for single file multithreaded upload technology. Now days, users often need to upload some large files to the server, however, traditional way has a low speed, and would be interrupted more easily, leading to retransmit frequently, which has a bad influence on efficiency. This paper proposes a method, using multithreaded and broken transfer resume technology, to solve this problem, and we also have implemented the FTP client software based on this technology in Linux, and give the performance test data and analysis; these can fully proved that the technology will significantly improve the efficiency of uploading large files. Index Terms - FTP, multithreading, broken transfer resume, uploading


Corneodesmosin (CDSN) was identified in the early 90 th by raising monoclonal antibodies against human plantar stratum corneum. It is a protein specific to desmosomes that will undergo transformation into corneodesmosomes, i.e. in man, desmosomes of the epidermis, of the three epithelial layers of the inner root sheath of the hair follicles and of the hard palate epithelium. After its secretion by granular keratinocytes via the lamellar bodies, CDSN is incorporated into the desmoglea of the desmosomes shortly before their transformation into corneodesmosomes. CDSN displays adhesive properties, mostly attributable to its N-terminal glycine-rich domain, and is sequentially proteolyzed as corneocytes migrate towards the skin surface. The recent inactivation of Cdsn in mice induced a lethal epidermal barrier disruption and hair follicle degeneration related to desmosome dysfunction, confirming the essential role of the protein in epidermis and hair follicle integrity. CDSN is located on chromosome 6, in the major psoriasis susceptibility locus PSORS1. Intriguingly, the only monogenic disease identified so far associated with nonsense mutations in CDSN, leading to the formation of a truncated protein, is a rare autosomal dominant disease, hypotrichosis simplex of the scalp. In this review, we expose data from the discovery of the protein to the most recent findings related to the relationship between its structure and function. In particular, the important benefits of mouse models and human diseases for the comprehension of CDSN role in the epidermis and hair follicles are reported in details.


This paper describes a scheme to capture a wide-view image using a camera setup with uncalibrated cameras. The setup is such that the optical axes are pointed in divergent directions. The direction of view of the resulting image can be chosen freely in any direction between these two optical axes. The scheme uses eight-parameter perspective transformations to warp the images, the parameters of which are obtained by using a relative orientation algorithm. The focal length and scale factor of the two image are estimated by using Powell's multi-dimensional optimization technique. Experiments on real images show the accuracy of the scheme.


Mahendra S. Rao of Johns Hopkins University, Invitrogen and the Buck Institute for Age Research presented a lecture on September 10, 2009 at 11:00 am in the Suddath Seminar Room, IBB Building, Georgia Tech Campus.


Purpose: Focusing on the hot-debating issue of school choice in China, this article aims to present a narrative of the policy interventions, especially promulgated by the Chinese central government during the past 20 years, and to discuss those challenges facing the governments and the society as a whole in the new era. Design/Approach/Methods: This article conceptually approaches the topic based on policy texts analysis and literature review. Findings: This article pictures the historical dynamics of school choice phenomenon and its interaction with the corresponding policy initiatives promoted by the central government. It argues that school choice governing in China basically experienced three stages since the middle of 1990s, namely controlling "choice fees," promoting equalization and equity as well as comprehensive governance toward greater quality and equity. The effective implementation of these policy measures is gradually cooling down the "choice fever" in urban areas and restoring order for student enrollment in compulsory education, but great challenges are still lying ahead since the problem of school choice turns to be "wicked" in nature and cannot be simply solved within the education sector. Originality/Value: This article contributes to the global discourse of school choice research with much updated information of policy initiatives and the newly emerged situations since 2014, calling for close attention and deeper research from researchers both from China and from abroad.


This paper deals with the synchronization properties of a family of spreading codes, called concatenated codes. New synchronization algorithms are introduced, and the performance of these algorithms is discussed both analytically and by simulation. It turns out that with a minimum of extra hardware, the mean phase acquisition time can be considerably reduced, while maintaining the reliability of the synchronization process at low power consumption.


In this paper, the feasibility for producing a plastic optical fiber sensor to be used as an anti-drowsy driving sensor is discussed. This sensor consists of a plastic optical fiber wound on the steering wheel covered by soft material. When a driver hold a steering wheel, the gripping force is induced and causes to the bend of the plastic optical fiber which decreases the power of light propagated inside the plastic fiber. The experimental results show that the detected optical power decrease as the gripping force increase and that this sensor can be used as the anti-drowsy driving sensor.


The Global spread of financial integration and financial turmoil is a prominent feature of international financial markets today . This , through corporate data research aims to uncover microeconomic fundamentals of linkage and contagion . specifically , This article is built _ Sample of macro-microeconomic characteristics of typical listed companies in China , subprime crisis in America machine and subsequent euro debt crisis for typical events , Study and reveal the contagion of international financial market to China's capital market Channel and its heterogeneity impact . results show : companies with export competition in crisis countries , Direct trade with crisis state easy to exchange company , And companies that are more reliant on short-term debt are performing worse during the crisis . Research conclusion Validate product competitiveness , revenue effects and credit crunch are the main channels for contagion. , and illiquid assets Combination adjustment pressure does not appear on our market .


This article deals with measurement of shielding chamber against penetration of electromagnetic field into the chamber. The measurement is focused on the frequency range at which mobile phones operate.


In the very short time since magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was born it has gained surprisingly rapid and enthusiastic acceptance and has speedily proliferated, particularly in the United States and Western Europe. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has successfully challenged computed tomography (CT) in all areas of the body where respiratory motion does not degrade the image (Steinberg, 1986). Newer techniques using a multiplicity of approaches are starting to close the gap between CT and MRI, even in the upper abdomen where the effects of respiratory motion are most pronounced. Although MR is already widely clinically applied and is an accepted everyday diagnostic modality in most large medical centres in the United States, it is not a mature modality. It is rapidly evolving, with whole new areas opening to investigation which will vastly broaden its applications.


The transient properties (mean first passage time T)of the tumor cell growth system driven by color Gaussian noise are investigated. The approximate Fokker-Planck Equation is obtained based on the Novikov theorem and the Fox approach and the explicit expression of the mean first passage time is derived. The numerical computation results show that T behaves with different characters in the cases of 0<λ<1 and -1<λ<0, respectively. When 0<λ<1, the noise intensity and corresponding correlation time play opposite roles in the state transition. However, when -1<λ<0, T exhibits complex behavior, namely T has one maximum with the multiplicative noise intensity D and its self-correlation time τ1 increasing.


A thin film transistor substrate and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to prevent the leakage of light when a light passes through a thin film transistor, by removing a material residual for semiconductor layer under a data line. A gate line(22), a gate insulating layer(32), and a semiconductor layer(42) of the same pattern are sequentially deposited on a substrate(10). Source and drain electrodes(65,66) are separated from each other above the semiconductor layer. Ohmic contact layers(55,56) are respectively interposed between the source electrode and the semiconductor layer and between the drain electrode and the semiconductor layer. A data line is connected to the source electrode, and crosses the gate line. A pixel electrode(82) is insulated from the resultant structure, and connected to the drain electrode.


A ligning a rancher's business plan goals with the capability of the ranch's rangeland resources improves the viability and sustainability of family ranches. Strategically monitoring the condition of soil, water, vegetation, wildlife, livestock production, and economics helps inform business plan goals. Business plan- ning and resource monitoring help keep ranchers on the land, support the well-being of rangeland-dependent communities, and conserve the rural way of life. To work toward this goal, the Sustainable Rangelands Roundtable (SRR) i , Wyoming Business Council ( WBC), Wyoming State Grazing Board (WSGB), University of Wyoming Extension, Grazing Lands Conservation Initiative (GLCI), Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Natural Resources Conservation Service, and several ranchers formed the SRR Ranch Sustainability Assessment Group. The working group focuses on implementing a monitoring framework for eco- logical, economic, and social sustainability within the con- text of ranchers' business plans... DOI: 10.2458/azu_rangelands_v34i1_m aczko


Page Introduction __--1 Yield curve for a single variable gi owth factor. 5 Determination of the constants of the exponent ial curve ^ (Iraphic method .-5 Logarithmic method 7 New method.., ^ 9 Demonstration using experimental results with three variable factors 16 Ammonia series 19 Phosphoric acid series 20 Potash series 21 All three variables taken together 21 Final calculated yields 2ri Yield of check plots 25 Optimum fertilizer formulas -27 Optimum quantity of fertilizer 32 Page Demonstration using experimental results with three variable factors—Continued Optimum acreage to which to apply fertilizer costing a fixed amount 36 Absorption, or occlusion, of plant food 41 Form of the yield curve 46 Derivalion of the exponential yield curve 51 One-variable form 51 Oeneral form 64 Plan for obtaining data 55 Series of plots 66 Use of check plots 67 Other factors to be considered 58 Summary 59 Appendix 59 Tables of value of E* and 1-K» 59 Literature cited 66


AbstractThe potency of the three liposome-dependent drugs, methotrexate-γ-aspartate (MTX-γ-ASP), N-phosphonacetyl-1-aspartic acid (PALA), and fluoroorotic acid (FO) is increased to different extents in egg yolk phosphati-dylglycerol (EPG) and distearoylphosphatidylglycerol (DSPG) liposomes. Moreover, MTX-γ-ASP is maximally effective in all EPG liposomes containing between 10 and 100 mol EPG/100 mol phospholipid, while FO and PALA are optimally effective only in EPG liposomes containing 25–50 mol EPG/100 mol phospholipid. In order to determine why this is so, we have examined the effect of exposure length on the potency of these three drugs, and also on methotrexate. Both methotrexate and MTX-γ-ASP exhibit a very large increase in potency as exposure length is increased from 1 to 72 hours. However, FO and PALA exhibit a much smaller increase in potency as exposure length is comparably changed. If the data is processed to show IC50 X exposure length (Cxt) versus exposure length, the value of Cxt falls with ...


AbstractThe 2013 Rim Fire, which burned over 104,000 ha, was one of the most severe fire events in California's history, in terms of its rapid growth, intensity, overall size, and persistent smoke plume. At least two large pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) events were observed, allowing smoke particles to extend through the upper troposphere over a large portion of the Pacific Northwest. However, the most extreme fire spread was observed on days without pyroCb activity or significant regional convection. A diverse archive of ground, airborne, and satellite data collected during the Rim Fire provides a unique opportunity to examine the conditions required for both extreme spread events and pyroCb development. Results highlight the importance of upper-level and nocturnal meteorology, as well as the limitations of traditional fire weather indices. The Rim Fire dataset also allows for a detailed examination of conflicting hypotheses surrounding the primary source of moisture during pyroCb development. All pyroCbs wer...


Objective To investigate hydrogen sulfide levels in serum of brain injury and its clinical significance.Methods To detect the hydrogen sulfide in serum of male SD rats which 18 with traumatic brain injury and six control and six operated control with spectrophotometry.Results The analysis showed that endogenous hydrogen sulfide of brain mild injury rats[(33±7)μmol/L] was significantly higher than that in the control group[(15±5)μmol/L,P 0.01).It was significant in mild injury group compared with the operated control group[(17±6)μmol/L,P0.05].Severe traumatic brain injury group [(64±11)μmol/L] and moderate injury group [(48±8)μmol/L ]have great difference to the mild group[(33±7)μmol/L,P0.05],and the severe traumatic brain group to the moderate injury group was significantly different(P0.05).Conclusion Endogenous hydrogen sulfide increased in the acute brain injury model rats.The levels of endogenous hydrogen sulfide increased as the serious of brain injury.The levels of endogenous hydrogen sulfide in serum played an important role in diagnosis of brain injury and prognosis.


BACKGROUND
Topiramate is a broad-spectrum agent effective against primarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures (PGTCS) as well as partial-onset seizures. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is one of the most common idiopathic generalized epilepsies, with most patients experiencing PGTCS.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate topiramate as add-on therapy in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.

DESIGN
Post-hoc analysis of a patient subset from 2 multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trials.

SETTING
Eighteen centers in the United States; 10 centers in Europe; 1 center in Costa Rica (primary trials).

PATIENTS
A total of 22 patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy participating in placebo-controlled trials assessing topiramate (target dose, 400 mg/d in adults) in inadequately controlled PGTCS.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Reduction of PGTCS.

RESULTS
A 50% or more reduction of PGTCS in 8 of 11 topiramate-treated patients (73%) and 2 of 11 placebo-treated patients (18%) (P = .03). Reductions in myoclonic, absence, and total generalized seizures were also observed, although topiramate vs placebo differences did not achieve statistical significance.

CONCLUSION
As a broad-spectrum agent, topiramate is an effective option for patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.


An approach is presented for simulating a time history that has time-average moments in exact agreement with those for a perfect Gaussian process. A nonlinear transformation is used to obtain the improved Gaussian simulation from an approximately Gaussian time history simulated by a conventional technique. The primary improvement obtained from the new technique is in the higher order moments, since the conventional technique usually gives satisfactory values of the mean and variance. This improvement in the higher moments can remove undesirable uncertainties in estimating failure probabilities, which are often quite sensitive to the tails of the probability distribution. The technique provides the improved time history as a result of iteratively using a Hermite polynomial transformation. Any desired accuracy in any specified moments can be obtained. In addition to ordinary time-average moments, it is shown that the nonlinear transformation also improves joint moments, moments of extrema, and moments of ra...


The fruits of acaizeiro (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and of bacabeira (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart), two native tropical palms and socio-economically important for the Amazonian states, are utilized, almost in its entirety, in the production of processed pulp on agricultural family systems. In this sense, the present study aimed to the evaluation of physical, chemical, physic-chemical and functional quality of processed pulps of acai and bacaba. The fruits were harvested in private rural properties in the county of Canta/Roraima (bacaba) and Boa Vista/Roraima (acai). For the preparing of the experiment, the processed pulps were stored in small containers of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) transparent and cover (same material), with capacity of 145ml and, refrigerated at 3 ± 0.2 °C and 45% RH for 5 days. It was analyzed the follow parameters: pH, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS), ratio (SS/TA), total and reducing sugars, total and soluble pectin, and the content of anthocyanins and total phenolics. At the end, for the acai pulps, taking into account the limits set by Standard Identity and Quality (PIQ), only the TA parameter presented itself outside the normative instruction. However, the lack of standards for the bacaba pulps prevented such a comparison. Regarding the total content of pectin, it is possible concluded that both pulps presented low concentrations of this component, and aren't suitable for producing jams and jellies without the addition of gelling agents. The total phenolic contents and anthocyanins, in both pulps, although decreasing with the refrigerated storage time, show reasonable concentrations in comparison to other foods with functional appeal.


ABSTRACT The present study aimed to investigate the role of procedural and content repetition in enhancing intermediate EFL learners' reading fluency (measured by reading rate) and comprehension. To this end, 45 intermediate EFL learners were recruited and randomly divided into three groups: procedural repetition (PR), content repetition (CR), and control group. Through adopting an experimental design, the data for reading comprehension and fluency were respectively collected by pre- and posttests of reading and the number of words read per minute and analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired-samples t-test. The findings demonstrated that content and procedural repetition improved EFL learners' reading comprehension, although procedural repetition was more effective. Nevertheless, repetition tasks could not improve the reading rate. Therefore, course designers, material developers, and language teachers are recommended to use procedural and content repetition to design and develop the reading tasks and activities or teach reading comprehension to EFL/ESL learners.


Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are the most promising candidates among all candidates for electrocatalytic water splitting, especially oxygen evolution reaction. Electrocatalytic activities of LDHs can be attuned by exfoliation, composition, morphology regulation and by intercalating some species. Moreover, exfoliation and flexible ion exchange can be tuned by the unique intercalation properties via flexible tunability of multiple metal cations. However, certain limitations like bulk thickness, large lateral size and low conductivity of LDHs decrease their uses in oxygen evolution reaction. In order to increase its electrocatalytic performances, researchers introduce different strategies such as combining the conductive materials to LDHs to introduce defects and tune the electronic structure of LDHs to enhance the active sites and increase intrinsic activity. In this minireview, we summarized current progress, strategies, challenges and prospective in the fabrication and designing of LDHs materials by various species.


Pulse combustion is a periodic oscillating combustion process. Compared to traditional steady combustion, it is of high combustion efficiency and heat transfer coefficient, little emissions of pollution, simple structure and so on. This paper focused on emission characteristics of NOx and CO in the process of pulse combustion. The strong air flow in the pulse combustion chamber improved the mixing process for complete combustion, so that the content of NOx, CO of the tail gas was reduced.


Target tracking among obstacles is an interesting class of motion planning problems that combine the usual motion constraints with robot sensors' visibility constraints. In this paper, we introduce the notion of vantage time and use it to formulate a risk function that evaluates the robot's advantage in maintaining the visibility constraint against the target. Local minimization of the risk function leads to a greedy tracking strategy. We also use simple velocity prediction on the target to further improve tracking performance. We compared our new strategy with earlier work in extensive simulation experiments and obtained much improved results


Fababeans seeds were cleaned, soaked (12h), germinated (48 and %h), heated (80°C for 15 min) and roasted (20 min) before converting into flour fineness. The protein and fat contents increased with germination of fababean grains. The heat treatment given to 'soaked' and 'soaked and germinated (48 and 96 h)' sample had improving effect on the nutrients. The roasting of fababean slightly decreased the protein and fat contents. The free fatty acids and free amino acid contents of fababean flour decreased with different treatments. Similarly the total carbohydrates and starch contents also decreased with different treatments. The diastase and protease activities increased with increase in germination period. The lipase activity of fababean flour decreased with soaking and also with germination of the soaked samples. The roasting of 'soaked', 'soaked and germinated grains had decreasing effect on diastase and lipase activities. However the trypsin inhibitor activity was reduced with soaking, germination and heating of fababeans. The supplementation of wheat flour with fababean flours upto 15 per cent was acceptable for making acceptable quality naan and kultche. The higher levels of fababean were acceptable for making gulgulae (upto 20%), bhuturu (upto 30%) and babru (upto 40%). The heat treatment given to 'soaked', 'soaked and germinated (48 and 96h}' fababeans further improved the acceptability of the products.


The ability to speak is one of the important developments for early childhood and will help childrens's socialization at the next stage. One of the ways to develop children's speaking skills is the role of parenting. Each family has a diffrenet parenting pattern in educating and caring for children where it has an impact on child development. The purpose of this study is to describe the role of parenting in the development of speech abilities of children aged 2-3 years. The method used in this study uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were conducted through interviews with parents and significant other as well as observing children's speaking abilities. This research is limited to democratic and permissive parenting. The results of the study concluded that with differences in parenting patteris, it was found that there were diffrences in the development of speaking skills in early childhood. Parents with democratic parenting always communicate with their children and this makes the development of children's speech skills more optimal. Meanwhile, permissive parents tend to let their children behave as they please and spend more time with gadgets and it also affects their speaking ability. Along with the development of this study, it was found that birth order also had an influence on the development of children's speech abilities.


AIM: To study the relationship between platelet count and the prognosis of patients with pyogenic liver abscess. METHODS: A total of patients with pyogenic liver abscess were diagnosed by computed to- mography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and liver punctures, and the average fo- cus size was 6.54 cm in diameter. Blood routine examination was performed everyday, com- bined with B-ultrasonography every three days. The relationship between the dynamic changes of platelet count and the prognosis of pyogenic liver abscess patients was analyzed. RESULTS: Within one week, 43 (38.39%) pa- tients were found with maximal platelet count more than or equal to 400 × 109/L, and 22 patients (19.64%) with platelet count less than 400 × 109/L. More than one week, 29 patients (25.89%) were with maximal platelet count more than or equal to 400 × 109/L, 18 patients (16.07%) with plate- let count less than 400 × 109/L. Thrombocytosis occurred quickly in the patients in hospital less than one week, whose maximal platelet countwas more than or equal to 400 × 109/L, and their clinical symptoms were improved remarkably as compared with those of patients in hospital more than one week, with maximal platelet count less than 400 × 109/L (P 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pyogenic liver abscess patients, in whom thrombocytosis occurs in short time, have a favorable prognosis. Blood count is an important indicator for the prognosis of Pyo- genic liver abscess.


In this paper,the discussion on agricultural management of research item,research document,experimental field,research lab,talent education and transformation of research achievement was conducted.At the same time,some good advices on agricultural research improvement based on my experiences were put forward.


The fluorescence ratio of poly(methylphenylsiloxane) in THF/dioxane and THF/methanol mixtures was studied as a function of solvent viscosity and polymer-reduced viscosity in order to quantify the relative contribution from each type of excimer, taking into account excimer dissociation of this polymer.


Introduction: Sulfur is a multivalent element that is abundant on Mars and may be found in a variety of mineral phases at the martian surface. Ratios of its four stable isotopes provide valuable tracers of geochemical and atmospheric processes recorded in sulfide and sulfate minerals on both Earth and Mars. Previous work involving phase-specific extraction of sulfur from numerous shergottites revealed similarities in the sulfur isotopic compositions of terrestrial mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB), the Moon, the martian mantle, and non-magmatic iron meteorites [1]. However, anomalies in ratios involving minor isotopes S and S, known as mass-independent fractionation (MIF) signatures that were likely introduced during UV processing of sulfur-bearing gases in the atmosphere, document a history of atmosphere-surface interaction and help discern formation mechanisms of relevant phases. In addition, some martian melts assimilated surface materials as they rose through the crust or extruded onto the surface, imparting MIF signatures to igneous sulfides. Such signatures, when present, can facilitate understanding of magmatic history, including potential sources of variability in other elements. Here we report measurements of S, S, and S for sulfide phases in three shergottites recovered from Antarctica, LAR 12095, its pair LAR 12240, and LAR 12011. Methods: Because we are interested in sulfur from both reduced and oxidized mineral phases, we employed a sequential chemical extraction procedure, similar that described in ref. [2]. For each meteorite, ~300 mg of powdered whole-rock sample were pretreated by sonicating in milli-Q water to extract watersoluble sulfate, which was converted to barium sulfate and dried for later reduction. Sulfide phases were then extracted by heating the sample powder with an acidic Cr(II) solution under flowing N2 gas. Both monosulfides and disulfides present in the sample reacted with the reduction solution to evolve H2S gas. The H2S bubbled through a condenser, then through a milli-Q water trap, and finally into an acidic capture solution containing AgNO3. Reaction between evolved H2S and AgNO3 in the capture solution produced Ag2S, which was rinsed with milli-Q water several times, then dried. Samples of Ag2S were reacted with ~10 times stoichi-


In this paper, a collocation method based on the Jacobi polynomial is proposed for a class of optimal-control problems of a fractional distributed system. By using the Lagrange multiplier technique and fractional variational principle, the stated problem is reduced to a system of fractional partial differential equations about control and state functions. The uniqueness of this fractional coupled system is discussed. For spatial second-order derivatives, the proposed method takes advantage of Jacobi polynomials with different parameters to approximate solutions. For a temporal fractional derivative in the Caputo sense, choosing appropriate basis functions allows the collocation method to be implemented easily and efficiently. Exponential convergence is verified numerically under continuous initial conditions. As a particular example, the relation between the state function and the order of the fractional derivative is analyzed with a discontinuous initial condition. Moreover, the numerical results show that the integration of the state function will decay as the order of the fractional derivative decreases.


Hazardous waste site investigations were carried out at the Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) in Yuma, Arizona and at Hanscom Air Force Base (HAFB) in Bedford, Massachusetts. The purpose of the first was to determine the location and extent of metals contamination throughout the base. The objective of the second was to evaluate the risk of metals contamination to groundwater from soil at three locations within the airfield. Dynamic workplans were developed and an adaptive sampling and analysis plan carried out with the data produced in the field used to support the goals of each project. An inductively coupled plasma/optical emission spectrometer (ICP/OES) was modified for field operation. A more efficient microwave digestion method and pressurized Teflon filtration system were developed for the HAFB project. Results were comparable to standard Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) methods, which must rely on two digestion procedures to recover EPA-targeted metals within the prescribed recovery range. The MCAS investigation, conducted over a five-month period, advanced the Navy's efforts from 30 months behind schedule to 18 months ahead of schedule, while the data generated at HAFB showed no risk to groundwater from metals.


The most complex organ in the human body is the brain. The unrestrained growth of cells in the brain is called a brain tumor. The cause of a brain tumor is still unknown and the survival rate is lower than other types of cancers. Hence, early detection is very important for proper treatment.


Background. It has been common practice to prohibit hormone‐replacement therapy (HRT) in patients with breast cancer. A reappraisal of this practice is necessary because hundreds of reports have established the benefits of HRT in coronary artery disease, osteoporosis, the serum lipid profile, and quality of life.


This retrospective study compares the outcome of 40 infected hips treated with a two-stage reimplantation surgery with an interim antibiotic-loaded cement spacer to that of 40 infected hips treated without a spacer. The control of infection, restoration of function, and surgical complications were assessed. Recurrence of infection was noted in 2 (5%) hips treated with an interim spacer and 3 (7.5%) hips treated without a spacer. Thirty-one (77.5%) patients who had a spacer could walk with various aids while only 7 (17.5%) patients treated without a spacer remained ambulatory in the interim period. On performing the second-stage surgery, the operative time was shorter and the estimated blood was less when a spacer was previously used. Complications associated with the use of a spacer included a fracture of the spacer in 3 hips, and dislocation of the spacer prosthesis in 3 hips. Eight (20%) hips treated without a spacer had dislocations following reimplantation while only one (2.5%) dislocation was encountered in hips that were treated with a spacer before revision. We concluded that two-stage reimplantation is an excellent method to eradicate hip infection. The use of a temporary cement spacer was associated with better ambulatory function between stages, an easier revision surgery, and a lower dislocation rate following reimplantation.


This paper is based upon the experience derived from the experimental work conducted in Cleveland1 on the utilization of "aluminum dross-fines" as a source of raw material for the manufacture of aluminum sulphate in syrup form. This material being a waste byproduct, arising out of the remelting of scrap and waste aluminum in the secondary-aluminum industry, our attention was drawn to the possibility of the introduction of mineral impurities into the water supply coagulated with the use of such a syrup. It was pointed out that using these "dross-fines" for the production of this material, various metallic impurities arising from the alloying constituents originally present in the scraps, i.e., copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, tin, zinc, etc., may be encountered to a much greater extent than would be the case with bauxite or other aluminum minerals.


The high number of population density and fewer efforts of environmental sanitation in the city, often harms the environment, especially the pollution source of shallow groundwater. One form of pollution demonstrated by the contamination bacteria Escherichia Coli in groundwater who used by people daily through a process of infiltration, and distributed by the direction of a groundwater stream. Contamination of bacteria has led to the emergence of a range of health problems one of them is diarrhea. In the work area of Health Center Pajang, epidemic diarrhea in toddlers continually increase from the year 2016 up until 2018, in 2018 as many as 82 toddlers are suffering now with diarrhea. This study aims to analyze the distribution of groundwater that good to drink, following quality standard the womb bacteria escherichia coli according to the health minister Number 32/2017 about health quality standard raw environment and health requirements for hygiene sanitation, water pool, solus per aqua, and a public bath in the work area of Health Center Pajang, analyze the impact of population density, the vulnerable basic environmental sanitation, and one-way flow of groundwater concerning the contamination Escherichia Coli in groundwater of Health Center Pajang, analyze the impact of contamination Escherichia Coli in groundwater to epidemic diarrhea of toddlers in the Health Center Pajang. Methodology research is by survey methods, it will be such groundwater to sample in laboratory tests in stratified proportional sampling based on the proportional density of populations and the number of epidemic diarrhea. The sample of TMA use for the measurement of random sampling. The method of analysis using analysis and logistics descriptive comparative regression. The result indicates the whole water sources used by people to exceed the threshold have been based on PerMenKes Number 32/2017, so the entire sample no longer worthy to be consumed. A population density has the impact of environmental sanitation partial is positive on the contamination of bacteria in every groundwater 13% and 18%. The results and the way flow of overlay groundwater obtained an indication of the spread of bacterial contamination or distribution bacteria conforming to the direction of the groundwater. The higher the level of contamination risk having bacteria are suffering now with diarrhea of 14 times more and indicates the influence of 26 % is positive.