The purposes of this study were to investigate changes in serum lipid levels with age and gender, and to determine which factors affect the serum lipid profiles. The anthropometric parameters(height, weight, waist girth, hip girth) and biochemical status(cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-chol.) were measured for clinically normal adults(male 89, female 91) in Yeongdong area. The results are as follows: 1. The obesity index was significantly higher in female() than in male(), but waist/hip girth ratio(WHR) was significantly higher in male () than in female(). 2. Male subjects had higher triglyceride and atherogenic index and lower HDL-cholesterol and relative cholesterol than those of female subjects. 3. Prevalences of hypercholesteolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypoHDL-cholesterolemia were 9.0%, 9.0%, 14.6% respectively in male and 9.9%, 2.2%, 4.4% in female. 4. WHR positively correlated with serum cholesterol, TG, LDL/HDL and A.I., and negatively correlated with HDL-chol. and relative chol. Correlation analyses indicated that WHR seemed to be more closely associated with serum lipid levels(rather than obesity index). 5. Age showed positive correlations with waist girth, WHR, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, LDL/HDL and A.I., but negative correlations with height, body weight and relative cholesterol. 6. There was significant differences in TG concentration between drinker() and non-drinker(), and smoker() and non-smoker (). That is to say that as risk factors for hyperlipidemia are obesity index, serum lipid concentration, life style(such as alcohol drinking and smoking) and age. Specially major risk factors are drinking, smoking and regulated exercise in male and age is an important risk factor in female.


In 2015 together with Viviana Gravano, with whom many years ago I established the curatorial collective Routes Agency, I was involved in the research project 'Transnationalizing Modern Languages: Mobility, Identity and Translation in Modern Italian Cultures' [TML], as curators of the final exhibition of the project. The twelve researchers gathered a vast quantity of varied material: interviews, audio records, videos, photographs of objects, meetings, places, events, people, digital archives, and extracts from institutional and private archives (family albums, letters, everyday objects). Such memories and objects tell us where and how Italian culture and language is lived and used in the contemporary world, who self-identifies as Italian, to whatever extent, and the practices and representations through which they do so. What is at stake is a whole collection of knowledge whose extraordinary complexity and diversity undermines the idea of a 'traditional', static, constant italianità, marking instead the shifts, the transformations and the layers of a fluid and mobile cultural identity. In order to try to understand the multiple meanings of the concept of italianità, it is therefore necessary to insist on going beyond national borders. Italianità has always spilled out of the geographical confines of the nation: since 1861 more than 27 million Italians have emigrated to destinations throughout the globe. From its first inception in national terms, Italian culture has been anything but static; rather, it has always been and continues to be a global and diasporic culture. TML focused on the transnationality of Italian culture in a highly interdisciplinary way. Researchers took into account the memories, migration, objects, and family stories of the people they encountered, with the project emphasising not only textual study but ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews, participatory workshops, and seminars with adults and children. It became evident that, for many, italianità is a notion that blends broader conceptions of history with personal stories as well as re-imaginings and translations of complex cultural ideas and objects. This was true both


Sustainable management of New Zealand's natural and built environments relies on information and knowledge from a wide variety of sources, including engineering and technical information economic data and projections, resource use information environmental knowledge based on generations of experience from tangata whenua and other local residents, and scientific assessments of environmental effects.


Bi-logic [1] describes two sides of the human thinking, the rational reasoning (asymmetric mode) and the symmetric mode, also termed indivisible mode, where any relation is symmetric and any set is infinite. In a quantum model [2], we have characterized the class of finite sets for which the membership relation can be expressed as a finite propositional disjunction of equalities, in the object language. Finiteness can be recognized, at the object level, only when this happens. In particular, one can conceive an infinite singleton, dropping, in the object language, the closed term which denotes its unique element. Infinite singletons satisfy the symmetry property as well, since the class of sets where any relation is symmetric is exactly the class of singletons. The logic of infinite singletons represents a symmetric kernel, in sequent calculus [3]. It has the features of the symmetric mode: absence of mutual contradiction and condensation, absence of negation, absence of time, and displacement. The direction of logical consequence becomes irrelevant. In this setting, one can develop the definition of a generalized quantifier, disappearing once consequence is recovered, that represents correlations. Considering the structural rules of sequent calculus, this suggests a possible approach to the problem of the representation of contextual reasoning and other kinds of human reasoning in artificial intelligence [4]. [4]-, Symmetry vs duality in logic: an interpretation of Bi-logic to model cognitive processes beyond inference, International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence, to appear.


The urgent environmental issues of the twenty-first century, particularly climate change, have thrust mechanical engineering into a central position in the creation of novel technologies for a future centered on sustainable energy. From energy-efficient mechanical designs to renewable energy systems, sustainable energy technologies provide a wide range of solutions. This bibliometric analysis uses sophisticated tools, such as VOSviewer, to examine a large dataset of academic articles in mechanical engineering that deal with sustainable energy technology. Dominant research themes, significant writers, collaborative networks, and prominent journals are identified by the study. Important discoveries include the notable increase in research output during the previous 20 years, the rise to prominence of notable writers and research teams, the connection between research themes, and the critical importance of particular papers and journals. These revelations help to shape a more sustainable and ecologically conscious energy future by offering a road map for navigating the complex world of sustainable energy in mechanical engineering.


The design, fabrication, and the characterization of a 0.5-V Josephson junction array device are presented for the quantum voltage standards in the National Institute of Metrology (NIM) of China. The device consists of four junction arrays, each of which has 1200 3-stacked Nb/NbxSi1−x/Nb junctions and an on-chip superconducting microwave circuit which is mainly a power divider enabling each Josephson array being loaded with an equal amount of microwave power. A direct current (dc) quantum voltage of about 0.5 V with a ∼1-mA current margin of the 1st quantum voltage step is obtained. To further prove the quality of NIM device, a comparison between the NIM device with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) system device is conducted. The difference of the reproduced 0.5-V quantum voltage between the two devices is about 0.55 nV, which indicates good agreement between the two devices. With the homemade device, we have realized a precise and applicable 0.5-V applicable-level quantum voltage.


Abstract An account is given of the present U.K. Columbus Programme, together with its relational links to the European Columbus Programme and through that into the International Space Station Programme.


Abstract Using the Mexican experience in the centralization of public security, this paper proposes federalism as a model of a vertical control of powers and, more importantly, a way of promoting self-governance, citizen participation and, through them, local security. We argue that while federalism as an organizational model of the State does not guarantee self-governance or citizen participation, it can help promote them and through their enhancement, improve security at the community level. Since 2006, the Mexican government has implemented a security strategy that has increasingly centralized public security decisions. The strategy relies on the deployment of federal security forces (Army, Navy and Federal Police) across the country, to replace or support state and local police. The results have been mostly negative. On one hand, there has been an exacerbation of violence in the country, including many incidents in which violence was used disproportionately or illegally by state officials against civilians. On the other, the use of federal forces has undermined the federalist regime which serves as a check on the exercise of power by federal authorities, thus undermining state and local institutional capacities. The lessons from the Mexican case can be useful for other federal systems responding to organized crime.


Two‐dimensional (2D) bismuth oxyselenide (Bi2O2Se) with high electron mobility shows great potential for nanoelectronics. Although the in‐plane properties of Bi2O2Se have been widely studied, its out‐of‐plane electrical transport behavior remains elusive, despite its importance in fabricating devices with new functionality and high integration density. Here, the out‐of‐plane electrical properties of 2D Bi2O2Se at nanoscale are revealed by conductive atomic force microscope. This work finds that hillocks with tunable heights and sizes are formed on Bi2O2Se after applying a vertical electric field. Intriguingly, such hillocks are conductive in the vertical direction, resulting in a previously unknown out‐of‐plane resistance switching in thick Bi2O2Se flakes while ohmic conductive characteristic in thin ones. Furthermore, the transformation is observed from bipolar to stable unipolar conduction in thick Bi2O2Se flake possessing such hillocks, suggesting its potential to function as a selector in vertical devices. This work reveals the unique out‐of‐plane transport behavior of 2D Bi2O2Se, providing the basis for fabricating vertical devices based on this emerging 2D material.


The magnetic behavior of single-crystal ${\mathrm{Ho}}_{2}{\mathrm{PdSi}}_{3},$ crystallizing in an ${\mathrm{AlB}}_{2}$-derived hexagonal structure, is investigated by magnetic susceptibility $(\ensuremath{\chi})$ and electrical resistivity $(\ensuremath{\rho})$ measurements along two directions. There is no dramatic anisotropy in the high-temperature Curie-Weiss parameter or in the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and isothermal magnetization data, though there is a noticeable anisotropy in the magnitude of $\ensuremath{\rho}$ between two perpendicular orientations. The degree of anisotropy is overall less prominent than in the Gd (which is an S-state ion) and Tb analogs. A point of emphasis is that this compound undergoes long-range magnetic ordering below 8 K as in the case of analogous Gd and Dy compounds. Considering this fact for these compounds with a well-localized f orbital, the spin-glass freezing noted for isomorphous U compounds in the recent literature could be attributed to the role of the f-ligand hybridization, rather than just Pd-Si disorder.


A 57-year-old female diagnosed with L5-S1 lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, suffering from severe pain despite taking tapentadol received combined Korean medicine treatment, including acupotomy, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, and herbal therapies for 53 days. To assess pain, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and lumbar range of motion (ROM) were checked daily from the day of admission. Moreover, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) were used to evaluate function and quality of life. After combined Korean medicine treatment, reabsorptioin of intervertebral disc was confirmed by radiological examination; pain reduced from NRS 5 ∼ 7 to NRS 1 ∼ 2; lumbar ROM in extention increased from 20° to 30°; and function and quality of life improved. The results suggest the possibility that a combined Korean medical treatment, including acupotomy, can be used as an alternative to opioids for pain management of lumbar vertebral disc herniation.


the Internet of Things (IoT) has grown rapidly in recent years, enabling the manufacture of a vast array of devices that may improve different operational components in a wide variety of enterprises. This study is being done to lay the groundwork for the establishment of "smart cities," or metropolitan regions where robots will outnumber humans. Data sensitivity has increased, particularly in the commercial and industrial sectors of the economy. We will also go through the myriad security risks that have occurred because of this company's rapid growth. In this study, deep learning, perceptrons, and convolutional neural networks are highlighted as the deep learning (DL) approaches for IoT applications in smart cities. Deep learning, perceptrons, and convolutional neural networks are only a few of the additional methodologies considered. We also discuss the benefits and drawbacks of various types of safety precautions. Furthermore, we evaluate the lessons learned, the obstacles that remain, and the future trends in the use of DL approach to improve Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) safety.


Asymmetric 1,3-rearrangement of an alkynyl group of alkynyl alkenyl carbinols giving β-alkynylketones took place in high yields with high enantioselectivity in the presence of a hydroxyrhodium/(R)-binap catalyst. The present method including a key β-alkynyl elimination step in the catalytic cycle is synthetically equivalent to the asymmetric conjugate addition of terminal alkynes to β-substituted enones.


The aim was to compare reversal and laparoscopy with standard reversal of loop ileostomy in terms of hospital stay and morbidity in a randomized study.


Electrically active defects in high-purity semi-insulating (HPSI) 4H-silicon carbide (4H-SiC) X-ray detectors have been characterized before and after neutron irradiation by zero-bias thermally stimulated current (ZB-TSC) and high-temperature resistivity measurements. The ZB-TSC measurements prior to irradiation reveal nine hole traps in the energy range of 0.22–1.16 eV and two electron traps at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{E}_{c} -0.35$ </tex-math></inline-formula> eV and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{E}_{c} -0.44$ </tex-math></inline-formula> eV. For the same case, high-temperature resistivity measurements yield thermal activation energy in the range of 1–1.3 eV. It is considered that the hole traps at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{E}_{v}+ 0.83$ </tex-math></inline-formula> eV and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{E}_{v }+ 1.16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> eV along with defects located near the activation energies are possibly responsible for the substrate compensation. A poor resolution of 11.8-keV full-width at half-maximum (at 40 keV of 152Eu) with un-irradiated HPSI 4H-SiC detectors is attributed to the charge trapping and polarization effects. After neutron irradiation at the fluence of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> n/cm2, seven new traps (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{E}_{v}+ 0.68$ </tex-math></inline-formula> eV, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{E}_{v} + 1.08$ </tex-math></inline-formula> eV, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{E}_{v} + 1.22$ </tex-math></inline-formula> eV, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{E}_{c} -0.72$ </tex-math></inline-formula> eV, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{E}_{c} - 0.9$ </tex-math></inline-formula> eV, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{E}_{c} - 1.04$ </tex-math></inline-formula> eV, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{E}_{c} - 1.1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> eV) are identified with no significant changes in the activation energies. This indicates that the substrate resistivity is unaffected by the neutron-irradiation-induced defects. No considerable changes in the X-ray spectral response are noted at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> n/cm2.


School counselors play a critical role in preparing adolescent immigrant students to be college and career ready by attending to the complex variables that promote and inhibit career development. This article provides an illustrative case study of a Somali immigrant student's educational journey to highlight the academic and familial challenges that she encountered while attending U.S. schools. Through this case study, the authors discuss the issues immigrant high school students experience and present culturally responsive practices that school counselors can use to address career development. These culturally responsive practices include developing a strong knowledge of students' backgrounds and cultures, designing small group interventions that are timely and sensitive to immigrant students' needs, and strengthening school–family partnerships.


In order to use effectively the starch from the extracted residue of crude drugs, adsorption characteristics of cationic methylene blue (MB) and anionic methyl orange (MO) were investigated. Starches (S) were prepared from the roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (PG) and Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen (PN), the rhizomes of Pinellia ternate (Thunb.) Breitenbach (PT) and Alisma orientale Juzepczuk (AO), and the seeds of Coix lacrymajobi Linne var. ma-yuen Stapf (CL). The adsorption isotherm was evaluated using Akaike's information criterion (AIC) value, and the adsorption of cationic MB and anionic MO by the starches was classified into the Langmuir type and Freundlich type, respectively. The starches adsorbed more MB than MO. The amounts adsorbed were affected not by the particle size or the content of cationic minerals, but by the phosphorus content. Cationic MB was adsorbed more strongly than anionic MO on the negatively charged surface of the starches because of the presence of phosphorus. S-CL was superior in adsorption capacity for both cationic MB and anionic MO to S-PG, S-PN, S-PT, S-AO, and S-ST (potato starch) at 5 and 25°C. S-CL had a porous and stripe structure on the granular surface, and contained a small amount of phosphorus.


This paper solves the problem of fuzzy adaptive robust output feedback control using average dwell-time switching for a class of stochastic switched nonstrict feedback nonlinear systems with more general uncertainties, including unmodeled dynamics, unknown control coefficients, unknown drift/diffusion terms, and unknown output functions. The unmodeled dynamics and drift/diffusion terms are allowed to depend on the whole unmeasurable states, whose effect is difficult to counteract. By virtue of the fuzzy approximation capability and variable partition technique, an adaptive backstepping procedure is proposed to compensate these uncertainties. Based on the constructed switched observer, which shows its strong robustness to the unknown control coefficients and output functions, an output feedback controller is designed to render all the signals of the closed-loop system bounded in probability under an appropriately chosen average dwell time.


It is generally considered that the material properties of foam are the most important factors in vehicle seat, which affect the human-seat interface pressure. Therefore, only the role of foam is usually considered when the finite element method is used to simulate the human-seat interface pressure. In this paper, the mechanical properties and the modeling method of commonly used seat cover material were studied. The models of the seat with and without cover were established respectively according to the real-vehicle seat geometric data, and the human-seat interface pressure was simulated after the seat and human model consisting of bones, soft tissue and skin were assembled. The simulation result was compared with the actual measurement results from test, which verified the accuracy of the simulation and the role of seat cover in the human-seat interface pressure simulation. The comparison showed that the surface stiffness of the seat was greatly affected by the seat cover, which further affected the deformation and interaction caused by the contact between seat and human body, the interface pressure distribution and even the driver's sitting posture in the simulation. It was concluded that the effect of seat cover should not be easily ignored. The simulation method described in this paper can also predict the human-seat interface pressure distribution more accurately and quickly at the early stage of design, and can be used for functional verification or comfort evaluation.


In this paper were studied the shape and structure of Cattail seed and trunk handle with the structure and shape of Cattail down and Cattail single fiber discussed in detail by SEM and optical microscope,which provides a basis for the direction of use and production of the fiber.


Product Description Cisco PTC VS is a carrier-class service and network management system that provisions a voice-over-IP (VoIP) tandem softswitch, the virtual packet-voice-switch connection between the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and the VoIP service provider networks H.323 dial plan. As the voice domain manager, Cisco PTC VS provides the foundation for fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security (FCAPS) management capability, enabling service providers to deliver a comprehensive end-to-end management solution. Proposition Cisco PTC VS enables rapid adoption of new packet voice network technology by providing network management tools comparable to those in the PSTN environment. This helps to simplify network management and enables integration of the new VoIP network for coexistence with the legacy PSTN. Service providers are able to reduce costs by using the more efficient packet network and taking advantage of its value-added services. Cisco PTC VS offers virtual entity management for the packet voice network similar to that of the traditional time-division multiplexing (TDM) networks (to achieve logical functioning and usability equivalent). Cisco PTC VS version 3.0 adds support for Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) and for many new network devices.


Natural gas pipeline is very important to national economy. Unfortunately, leakage of natural gas pipeline often occurs with many reasons such as corrosion, third-party interference and so on, which may lead to damage to property and life. Thus, the size of the diffusion region of the leakage is very important to rush repair, which can predict dangerous area after leakage. This paper uses the software FLUENT to simulate the diffusion rule of natural gas pipeline leakage after ruptured, and analyzes the influence of different wind velocity, leakage rate and the spread of the terrain . The analysis shows that all factors will increase the danger of gas leaks after diffusion, in which the leakage rate and wind velocity are larger.


To compete in dynamic, globalized markets manufacturers shift from product-centric to service-oriented engineering paradigms and join forces in Manufacturing Service Ecosystems. They combine technological competences, knowledge about materials, as well as production capabilities in order to offer innovative product-services to existing or emerging markets. Even though best practices as well as scientific reports proof huge advances in concurrent engineering and collaborative innovation, recent studies show economic necessity for increasing effectiveness and efficiency of managing in-/tangible assets in manufacturing ecosystems. By taking advantage of formal semantics, the virtualization method outlined in this paper allows for transforming real-world in-/tangible assets into In-/Tangible Assets as a Service. Evaluation within four industrial use cases demonstrates that In-/Tangible Assets as a Service significantly facilitate identification, communication, and finally composition of in-/tangible assets in Manufacturing Service Ecosystem and thus empower its members to deploy highly innovative product-services to the market.


In this paper the Clebsch‐Gordan coefficients of the Euclidean group in 3‐space are explicitly and rigorously determined. The results are used to give elegant derivations of identities involving Wigner D functions and spinor functions.


The object of the present invention comprising: obtaining a water-soluble dispersion stabilizer having a capacity that has not raw materials from the soy polysaccharide material in seeds, further, there is provided a water-soluble polysaccharide obtained using the raw material, no pasty feel and taste of fun lactic acid drinks. Found that in the presence of a chelating agent under neutral conditions from soybean seeds raw materials, especially high-temperature pressure as extracted from soybean byproducts processing Okara, etc. can be obtained in the pH range near the isoelectric point of a protein particle dispersion excellent stability of water-soluble polysaccharide obtained using the water-soluble polysaccharide acidic protein foods.


Low temperature bleaching systems involving sodium perborate and an activator such as tetra acetyl ethylene diamine (TAED), with peracetic acid formation, are commonly used in Europe. Environmentally friendly bleaching agents such as carbohydrate derivatives (mono, oligo, anhydro saccharides, polyols and amino sugar acetates) could also be good products with bleaching activator properties. Correlation structure-reactivity was established; active acetyl groups were identified for each type of molecule in order to understand the effect of their nature and configuration, and to determine the role of neighbouring groups.


In the processing method of mineral material, mineral material processing mineral material in processing facilities (200). Heat and / or heat generation engine processing facility (3,4) in the cooling processing facilities in the cooler (10 ') in a fuel processing facility (104) used. Cooler is equipped with a blower. The dampening water to the mineral material, for binding dust (20) produced in processing. Heat dampening water prior to use for dust binding (20), the processing facility (200) at least one source (3,4) heat and / or fuel (2) is transferred to the dampening water. Before binding the dust (20), the dampening water to the first heat exchanger (5) for receiving the heat of wetting water.


The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) has begun a major set of upgrades to reach a sensitivity better than 10-19 m/√(Hz) in the 10Hz to 10 kHz frequency band. This advance is expected to bring gravitational wave observations of relativistic astrophysical events such as black hole mergers and supernovae into the realm of regular astronomy. These upgrades require complex vibration isolation systems to better decouple the test masses from ground disturbances. These high performance systems require correspondingly more complex and aggressive active control loops to meet the increased demand in instrument sensitivity. This paper applies a modal damping technique with state estimation to optimize the trade-off between disturbance rejection and sensor noise amplification. The state estimator design applies a customized cost function around the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) algorithm.


Buildings' optimization is a smart method to inspect the available design choices starting from passive strategies, to energy efficient systems and finally towards the adequate renewable energy system to be implemented. This paper outlines the methodology and the cost-effectiveness potential for optimizing the design of net-zero energy building in a French city; Embrun. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is chosen in order to minimize thermal, electrical demands and life cycle cost while reaching the net zero energy balance; and thus getting the Pareto-front. Elimination and Choice Expressing the Reality decision making method is applied to the Pareto-front so as to obtain one optimal solution. A wide range of energy efficiency measures are investigated, besides solar energy systems are employed to produce required electricity and hot water for domestic purposes. The results indicate that the appropriate selection of the passive parameters is very important and critical in reducing the building energy consumption. The optimum design parameters yield to a decrease of building's thermal loads and life cycle cost by 32.96% and 14.47% respectively.


The fusion and classification of hyperspectral images (HSIs) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data have been extensively studied using deep learning. However, traditional real-valued deep-learning methods have limitations in distinguishing internal and external relations and capturing fine spatial characteristics. To break through these limitations, this letter proposes a quaternion convolutional neural network (QCNN) with extended morphological attribute profile (EMAP) quaternion representation (called EQR) for multisource remote-sensing (RS) data classification by utilizing quaternion properties. Specifically, we first propose the EQR for each single-source data, which encodes the multiattribute features in a compact, yet comprehensive manner, highlighting the internal relations. Second, we embed EQR into QCNN to preserve the internal relations and enable the interaction of multiattribute features. Then, we develop the 3-D quaternion convolution (3DQConv) to better exploit the 3-D characteristic of HSIs. Finally, we design different attention mechanisms and a two-level fusion strategy for multisource data to learn enhanced features. Experiments on two multisource RS datasets show that the proposed method achieved better performance than other state-of-the-art classification methods.


The Software Architecture Knowledge Base (AKB) is a web-based application for architecture knowledge sharing. It uses compact architecture knowledge descriptions, which we call architecture profiles, as building blocks for establishing a community-driven software architecture knowledge base. The tool facilitates documentation, sharing and reuse of architectural knowledge both within and across different software projects. We have used it in different student projects and are currently evaluating it in an industrial context.


Cholesterol (C) concentrations in the two major subfractions of high-density lipoproteins (HDL2-C and HDL3-C) in sera from both sexes, ages ranging from newborns to adults, were measured by use of a micromethod for combined precipitation-ultracentrifugation. Sera were obtained from 91 boys, 68 girls, 15 healthy men, and 14 women. The HDL2-C concentration was higher in women than in men; the HDL3-C concentration was similar in these two groups. This sex-related difference, generally seen in adults, was found to begin at ages 11-15 y. The value of HDL2-C in females increased with age in a stepwise manner, whereas that in males increased up to ages 6-10 y but tended to decline thereafter. The HDL3-C concentration was higher in the adults than in the children. This micromethod for separating operationally defined HDL subfractions is of value for lipoprotein research in children.


During the last 2 decades, the role of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) has markedly expanded as an advanced treatment modality for urinary calculi. RIRS is now considered as a first-line treatment of renal stones sized less than 20 mm regardless of stone location, stone composition, or renal anatomy because of high success rates and low morbidities [1,2].

The stone-breaking and retrieval method is one of the most interesting aspects of RIRS. Traditionally, stone retrieval with a basket after fragmentation of the stone into smaller extractable pieces was accepted as the standard step during RIRS. However, as the indication for RIRS has expanded to large and complicated stones, several technical modifications have been made to enhance the time-efficiency and surgical outcomes of RIRS. Now the term dusting is popularly used in stone surgeries such as RIRS and minipercutaneous nephrolithotomy. There is no clear definition of dusting, but it generally means fragmenting stones into tiny pieces or a fine powder to eliminate the necessity for stone retrieval. To realize optimal dusting, a laser setting with a low pulse power energy (0.2-0.5 J) is essential. A low pulse power laser tends to grind the stone finely rather than into large pieces because the stones are mostly broken by photothermal effects rather than by shockwave effects [3].

Although the concept of dusting in RIRS was only recently established, this technique has rapidly become popular. A recent study demonstrated interesting data as a result of a global survey. Two-thirds of more than 400 surgeons from 44 countries responded that they had already used the dusting technique during RIRS [4]. However, clinical data on whether this technique is superior to the traditional fragmentation and retrieval technique are still limited.

The quality of dusting during RIRS can be affected by several factors such as stone composition, stone size, and pelvocalyceal anatomy. Dusting is much easier when the stone is softer and smaller. Uric acid stones typically tend to be broken to fine dust regardless of laser power. When the stone burden is large, dusting via a popcorn-effect can be utilized for efficient fragmentation. However, when the infundibulum is wide and the calyx is huge, the whirlpool phenomenon, which is essential for the popcorn-effect, is not generated well.

In this issue of Investigative and Clinical Urology, interesting data are introduced by Lee et al. [5]. Although the current study was performed retrospectively, this study provides valuable data about the surgical outcomes of the fragmentation only technique in a comparative study. The authors performed the active stone removal technique for the initial 172 consecutive patients and the dusting or fragmentation only technique for 76 later consecutive patients without active stone removal. They showed that surgical outcomes including operation time, success rate, and complication rate in the fragmentation only group were comparable to the outcomes in the active removal group. However, superiority of the fragmentation only technique over active removal was not demonstrated. Lack of data about the stone-free rate was a limitation of this study. Although spontaneous passage is generally expected after successful dusting, residual fragments sometimes lead to clinically significant problems including pain, obstruction, and regrowth [6,7].

Dusting is a very attractive method for stone surgery. However, this method is not always superior to the active removal method in various situations. For instance, if there is a small, hard stone that can be divided into several pieces without residual dust, such a stone is a good candidate for the active removal technique. It should be noted that the final goal of stone surgery is to remove the stone burden as much as possible and to reduce the risk of recurrence and stone-related complications. The choice of stone-breaking and extraction method should be a means to achieve a surgical goal rather than an objective. If we have a chance to remove the entire stone burden without residuals by use of a basket, there is no reason we may not choose this better way.


Objective To establish an RP-HPLC method for the determination of guaiacol in human plasma.Methods Separation was achieved on a Hypersil ODS column and detected at 220 nm.The mobile phase was the mixture of 0.5% phosphoric acid and 0.5% triethylamine-acetonitrile(V∶V=100∶50) at a flow rate of 1 mL·min1.Results The linear range was 0.580 8-87.12 mg·L-1,r=0.999 4.The limit of quantification was 0.580 8 mg·L-1;The method recovery was(99.78±3.85)%.Within-day precision was 2.99%,between-day precision was 2.59%.Conclusions The method is simple,quick,accurate,and is suitable for the determination of guaiacol concentration in human plasma and pharmacokinetic studies.


A fuzzy classification and a computer pattern recognition program are presented for identifying double bond positional isomers of dodecadienic compounds by comprehensively analysing the mass spectra and calculating similarity coefficients of the compounds. Fifty-four examples showed that this is an excellent classification method.


The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a membranous network that functions to control the concentration of free Ca++ in the sarc0plasm.~-3 Since calcium pump activity is the only major activity of the membrane, it is an attractive system for the study of structure and function in biological transport. Recent work in our laboratory has been concerned with resolving and characterizing the various components of the sarcoplasmic reticulum from rabbit white muscle, and reconstituting a Ca++ transport system from the isolated components.


The paper examines the problem of the composition instability in the ready ground spice, turmeric. Analysis of the prevalent methods for turmeric adulteration and substances used for these purposes is given. The visual assessment of color tints of the turmeric root, spices containing it and chemical dyes based on chromium salts is presented. The studies on determination of the lead and chromium content were carried out to study the content of these metals and test the hypothesis of using lead chromate as a dye in adulteration of turmeric. Using the method of electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy, it was found that the lead content in the analyzed turmeric samples varied from 1.72 ± 0.58 to 5.03 ± 1.80 mg/kg, while the chromium content was in a range of 5.56 ± 0.85 to 16.15 ± 2.32 mg/kg. As a result of species specific PCR, wheat DNA was revealed in all purchased samples of ground turmeric. The levels of the main raw material replacement were established, which were 0.14% to 14.95% with the correlation coefficient close to 100%; efficiency of the reaction was 1.95, which was 97.5% when expressed as percentage. These levels of an undeclared allergen in the product composition can cause a serious allergic reaction. The authors tested the hypothesis of introduction of sodium and potassium salts for correction of the color spectrum in the ready spice and its correspondence to the natural color within the color spectrum of turmeric. As a result of the complex study of the spice composition, quite high values of chromium were found, presumably not only from the lead chromate compound but also from chromic acid salts, as the high level of potassium that significantly exceeded the native content of this element was found.


In this study activated carbon is prepared through hydrothermal carbonization of carbohydrate that is sucrose as raw material using different additives at different temperatures the main aim of this study was to investigate the morphology, micropore size distribution of the prepared activated carbon and characterization properties using Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction Analysis, Particle size analysis, Thermogravimetric Analysis and CHN Analysis. The prepared activated carbon was then used as an adsorbent for removal of pharmaceutical compounds such as Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and Diclofenac using UV-vis Spectrophotometer. These experimental results may help to further more utilize the HTC process to prepare activated carbons for different purpose. It was concluded that the activated carbon with acidic additive as well as without additives proved to be efficient as an adsorbent. While the base additive was not suitable for increasing the particle size and adsorption capacity. CHAPTER


Abstract This paper deals with the inflation of elastic membranes of general shapes in the context of thermoforming of heated polymeric sheets against relatively cold moulding surfaces. A previous paper (1) has dealt with axisymmetric problems. As before, both theoretical and experimental investigations are reported. The theoretical part consists of a self-contained finite element formulation for large deformation, free and constrained inflation of isotropic elastic membranes. The computer program developed on the basis of presented formulation is applied to free and constrained inflation of plane elliptical membranes of aspect ratios 2 and 4. The material model adopted is that of a single constant neo-Hookean elastic material. The constrained analyses are carried out for inflation against: (a) cylindrical walls (90 degree elliptical cones), (b) 60 degree elliptical cones, and (c) horizontal plates. Separate analyses are performed by assuming the contact to be either slipless or frictionless. The theoretical results are compared with the experimental ones for free inflation and constrained inflation cases (a) and (c).


Lately we have seen changes in organization of auditors' work. Focus is made on the complex analysis of finance and business work of the person being audited and, consequently on rejection of total checking and passing-over to checking based on risk criteria. As a rule the major part of finance and business operations conducted by tax-payer lead to tax liabilities on one or other tax. It is not always possible to check all finance and business operations and the efficiency of such checking can be doubtful. It is true that audit proofs collected by the auditor must be sufficient in number, however their number cannot compensate for their low quality. In this connection the article discusses the essence and methodology of risk-oriented tax audit and its key stages, gives examples of the risk card and control procedures of the organization. The author shows that during the analysis of tax risk factors of certain business processes the auditor can work out the optimal plan and strategy of audit and recommend effective ways of minimizing tax risks and eliminating adverse aftereffects of tax risks.


We introduce and investigate a simple model of conditional quantum dynamics. It allows for a discussion of the information‐theoretic aspects of quantum measurements, decoherence, and environment‐induced superselection (einselection).


A method for preparing a cross-linked aqueous binder for a lithium ion battery. The method uses an aqueous polymer containing an organic carboxylic acid or an amino group or a hydroxyl group and a water-soluble small molecule crosslinking agent containing a hydroxyl group, an amino group, or a carboxyl group as raw materials of the aqueous binder. The raw materials are cross-linked by an esterification and an amidation reaction under conditions for coating and drying of electrode plates of lithium ion batteries. The preparation process is simple, does not change existing processing conditions for lithium ion battery production, produces electrodes with good cohesiveness, flexibility, and elasticity, resolves the issues of the prior art in which there is low bonding strength between an electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a current collector, as well as insufficient elasticity to alleviate loosening and detachment due to expansion and contraction during charging and discharging of the lithium ion batteries.


The tools exist now for us to create networks free from corporate control and spying from our own websites. We can still use social media


The over-all performance of a stepping driving system, basically depending on the design of the stepping motor, follows and eventually is determined by the driving technique. Differing to the comparison between two and five phase stepping driving systems operating at the conventional full-and-half step mode, a new comparison is made at micro-step driving mode based on the current-profile control technique. It is concluded that the over-all performance of the comparatively low cost two-phase system can match, even may exceed that of the high performance but costly five-phase system; and the domination of the two-phase system in stepping driving market for a period corresponding to the current profile control technique will come to fact.


The study examined the causal factors related to academic backwardness in school going children. The sample comprised of 211 academically backward children studying in 7th, 8th and 9th standards (13-14 years) from four villages of Dharwad. The identification of academically backward children was made based on two criteria that is academic performance of the children in the previous year (those who secure 'C' grade and attending remedial classes) and opinion of their respective class teachers. Self structured tool was used to identify the reasons behind academic backwardness of children. The results revealed that the academic backwardness among children were related to academic, familial and health aspects. However 70 per cent of children had problems related to academic aspect that is difficulty in understanding few subjects, problems in writing and answering questions during exam. About 25 per cent had problems related familial aspects such as lack of education of parents, lack of co-operation and involvement in the studies by family members. Further health factors such as feeling tired, often headache, and difficulty in hearing were the major causal factors for academic backwardness in children. Hence, it is concluded that multiple factors were responsible for academic backwardness among rural school children which needs attention by the parents and teachers.


Spin echo phenomena - measurement of nuclear magnetic relaxation & microstructure of molecules, application in preparation of delay lines & storage units


Objective To investigate the relationship between the intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and lymphocyte function associated with antigen-1( LFA-1) and acute rejection of liver transplantation in rats. Methods SD rats and Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, isograft group, and allograft group. Liver biopsies from the recipients were obtained on the day 2,4, and 7 postoperatively to examine the expression level of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 in liver grafts. Samples were firstly stained with specific monoclonal antibodies using immunohistochemistry stain and then applied to image semiquantitive analysis. Results The expression levels of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 in allograft group were obviously higher than those in both isograft group and normal group. Moreover, the expression levels of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 were correlated positively with the degree of acute liver rejection. Conclusions Detecting the expressions of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 in liver graft tissue may be helpful to the diagnosis of acute rejection after liver transplantation.


The differentiation between wild salmon, conventionally and organically farmed salmon was tried by analysing the ratio of the configurational isomers of astaxanthin in salmon flesh. In the present study the HPLC method based on the separation of the configurational isomers of underivatized astaxanthin on a chiral stationary phase. In addition, we analysed the astaxanthin and canthaxanthin contents of the salmon samples with reversed-phase HPLC. Both methods were applied to fresh, smoked, graved and deep frozen salmon products offered on the German market. All studied conventionally farmed salmons were found to be fed with synthetic astaxanthin and frequently with canthaxanthin. The diet for the organic salmon farmed in Ireland in accordance with the standards of the Naturland Association contained the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. These fishes could be easily distinguished from conventionally farmed salmon and from wild salmon. However organic salmon from Scotland, farmed according to the standards of the Soil Association, were fed with shrimp shells. With shrimp shells one achieves a similar astaxanthin profile as with synthetic astaxanthin.


We prove C0, α, C1, α and C1, 1 a priori estimates for solutions of boundary value problems for elliptic operators with periodic coefficients of the form Σ,j=1ai j(x/ϵ)δ2/δxiδxj. The constants in these estimates are independent of the small parameter ϵ, and hence our results imply strengthened versions of the classical averaging theorems. These results generalize to a wide class of linear operators in non-divergence form, including equations with lower-order terms and nonuniformly oscillating coefficients, as well as to certain nonlinear problems, which we discuss in the last section.


Estimates of cetacean abundance from transect surveys rely on unbiased estimates of group size, but estimating the size of a large school of active animals is a difficult task. To evaluate the bias and precision of estimates of dolphin group sizes, we compared estimates made from ships with counts based on aerial photographs taken from a helicopter. The analysis was based on 1,978 estimates of 366 dolphin schools in the eastern tropical Pacific, mostly schools of spotted and spinner dolphins, Stenella attenuata and S. longirostris. Estimates of group size were highly variable, both among observers for the same school and among schools for the same observer. Treating the data as a calibration problem, we developed correction factors for each of 52 observers, using the counts from the photographs, Beaufort sea state, and year as predictors. The amount and type of bias varied widely among observers, but there was a general tendency to underestimate. Before calibration, mean school size was underestimated by 25.8%; after calibration, the negative bias was reduced to 4.7%. The calibration procedure reduced the mean square error of the logarithms of the estimates from 0.418 to 0.256. Estimating the size of a dolphin school is difficult but critical task in cetacean abundance surveys.


Statistical examination of the data from experiments conducted on groups of Amphibians induces us to retain as plausible the hypothesis which indicates in fasting one of the preminent factors that cause an increase in the melanic content of their liver. The temperature does not act directly, but indirectly, on the process of melanosynthesis, by inducing or otherwise the semilethargous state on which alimentation depends.


Climate models project considerable ranges and uncertainties in future climatic changes. To assess the potential impacts of climatic changes on mountain permafrost within these ranges of uncertainty, this study presents a sensitivity analysis using a permafrost process model combined with climate input based on delta-change approaches. Delta values comprise a multitude of coupled air temperature and precipitation changes to analyse long-term, seasonal and seasonal extreme changes on a typical low-ice content mountain permafrost location in the Swiss Alps. The results show that seasonal changes in autumn (SON) have the largest impact on the near-surface permafrost thermal regime in the model, and lowest impacts in winter (DJF). For most of the variability, snow cover duration and timing are the most important factors, whereas maximum snow height only plays a secondary role unless maximum snow heights are very small. At least for the low-ice content site of this study, extreme events have only short-term effects and have less impact on permafrost than long-term air temperature trends.


A discussion from the authors experience with laparoscopy and the potential difficulties and complications which may arise are presented. It is imperative that the surgical equipment be in good operating condition. Muscular paralysis accompanied by pulmonary ventilation is considered the most satisfactory anesthetic method for laparoscopy. The procedure for the instillation of the pneumoperitoneum is described. Failure of the procedure is often due to an inadequate pneumoperitoneum. Bleeding seems to be the most common complication of laparoscopy especially if the tubes are divided or ovarian biopsy is performed. Bowel perforation can be caused by the pneumoperitoneum needle the trocar and cannula of the laparoscope and as a consequence of accidental cautery of the bowel. Adhesions between the bowel and pelvic contents and between the gut and anterior abdominal wall may contraindicate laparoscopy. Severe postoperative pain requires exploratory laparotomy. Routine preoperative curettage is performed to reduce the possibility of a continued early pregnancy. Cardiac disease and poor pulmonary reserve are considered contraindications to laparoscopy.


The invention provides a relaxation oscillator of which the linearity is significantly improved. The relaxation oscillator comprises an oscillating circuit, a reference level self-regulating circuit and a transmission gate selective signal generating circuit. Capacitor voltage overshoot caused by delay of a control circuit is worked out by detecting the voltage peak of charge and discharge capacitors in the oscillating circuit, and accordingly the reference level of comparators in the oscillating circuit is reduced by a corresponding quantity to serve as a new reference level so that the oscillation amplitude of the charge and discharge capacitors can be just a theoretical value. According to the high-linearity relaxation oscillator, when the new reference level is larger than zero, influence, brought by the capacitor voltage overshoot caused by delay of the control circuit, of the charge and discharge capacitors on output frequency is eliminated, and the linearity of a frequency-control circuit of the relaxation oscillator is significantly improved. The transmission gate selective signal generating circuit provides the initial reference level for the comparators by controlling transmission gates and transmits the new reference level to the reverse phase ends of the comparators when the new reference level is generated, and therefore the initial reference level can be isolated from the reverse phase ends of the comparators.


Considering the criminal uses of encryption, it has been asserted that national security and law enforcement endeavours must not be frustrated by potential evidence being hidden through digital encryption while the encryption key is withheld. The facilitation of state access to encryption keys through the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 ('RIPA 2000') was intended to address precisely such a danger. However, since this statute's enactment there have been significant shifts in law and policy relating to terrorism and child pornography as well as important technological developments. This article critically examines changes to the RIPA 2000 encryption provisions made by the Terrorism Act 2006 and the Policing and Crime Act 2009. It also considers emerging statistical data and cases including R v S(F) [2008]. It concludes that the underlying premises of the revised provisions are flawed, the provisions themselves ineffectual in practice and in the longer term potentially open to 'mission creep' to cover lesser offences.


It has recently been reported that yttrium-iron-garnet microwave variable-delay lines can be operated in a transmission mode of operation rather than in the usual reflection mode of operation by optical-contact bonding quarterwave plates to both ends of the y.i.g. rod.1.2 This is a distinct advantage for many delay-line applications, because the undelayed direct feedthrough can be suppressed to a much higher degree when input and output lines are at opposite ends of the y.i.g. rod, which is mounted in a tightly fitting hole in a brass block. One of the most promising applications of the y.i.g. delay line is in wide-band microwave pulse-compression filters. The successful operation of a y.i.g. delay line, to obtain compressed signals in a transmission with large suppression of direct leakage of undelayed signals, is reported.


This study documents the collective capacity of the external support providers working to improve K-3 reading outcomes in New York City. Interviews and social network surveys with a sample of the 112 providers at work in this "reading improvement sector" showed that they serve as a conduit for sharing reading-related resources and expertise throughout a large part of New York City. However, the collective impact of the sector remains limited because their goals vary widely; support is unevenly distributed; and many programs work in isolation and are informed by funders and sources of expertise that are unlikely to be connected.


Planar and cylindrical dual frequency folded slot antennas utilizing a self-matching technique have been presented. The self-matching technique greatly improved the performance of the antennas while not further complicating the antenna design. The antennas exhibit very good return loss and radiation characteristics. The antennas demonstrated a gain between 3.2 and 5.3 dB. The antennas are ideally suited for communication and radar systems, which require robust antennas that can operate at multiple frequencies


The promise of connecting agency and structure in studies of regional development is to disentangle causal effects and to better understand to what extent and how individuals, groups of individuals, and organisations can shape regional trajectories. This is not without challenges because agency and structure are deep theoretical constructs, which are not easily translated into empirical research. We have devoted a research project to study how agency and structure are connected in the context of regional development and have faced many difficulties on the way. Here, we would like to share our experiences and proposed solutions grouped into six challenges, which were present in all of the 12 comparative case studies in Finland, Norway and Sweden. The challenges refer to the ontology of agency and structure, the research design, the time period of study, the spatial scale, the research instrument, and the data collection.


ABSTRACTABSTRACT.- David N., Hubner S.O., Riet-Correa F., Halfen D. & Lemos R.A. 2007. Reactivationof latent bovine herpesvirus type 5 in cattle with polioencephalomalacia induced byammonium sulphateammonium sulphate. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 27(10):435-441. Hospital Veterinario, CSTR,Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, 58700-000 Patos, PB, Brazil. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com the state Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, outbreaks of meningoencephalitis by BoHV-5 andpolioencephalomalacia (PEM) display similar epidemiological features, suggesting thatmeningoencephalitis may be associated with reactivation of a latent BoHV-5 infection, duringthe development of PEM. To test this hypothesis, four 7-8 months old steers negative forBoHV-5 antibodies were inoculated intranasally with BoHV-5 and received amprolium fromday 35 to day 105 after inoculation. Because PEM was not produced during this period,ammonium sulphate was given from day 114 to day 180 after inoculation. Two uninfectedcontrol steers received amprolium and ammonium sulphate for the same periods. All inoculatedcattle developed antibodies against BoHV-5 after inoculation and the virus was isolated fromnasal swabs, indicating that they were infected. Two inoculated steers had clinical signs ofPEM after 118 and 146 days after virus inoculation. One was euthanized after a clinicalmanifestation period of seven days and had severe lesions of PEM and meningoencephalitis.BoHV-5 was isolated from the central nervous system of this animal. The other animal recoveredbut continued to manifest chronic signs of PEM and was euthanatized. On histologicalexamination, the cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus and thalamus had multifocal areas of malaciaand mild meningoencephalitis of the cortex. BoHV-5 was not isolated from the brain. Oneuninfected control steer had signs of neurological disease on day 158 and had lesions of PEMwithout meningoencephalitis at necropsy. The simultaneous production of PEM and diffusemeningoencephalitis, with isolation of BoHV-5, in one steer treated with ammonium sulphate,118 days after BoHV-5 inoculation, suggests that latent BoHV-5 was reactivated in this animalsubmitted to experimental induction of PEM.


Copper-catalyzed regioselective sulfenylation of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles with thiols is described via intermolecular CS bond formation using O2 as an oxidant. Both alkyl and (hetero)aryl thiols are employed as coupling partners, and the sulfenylation products were furnished in good yields. The reaction is also compatible with disulfides.


It is the object of this investigation to measure the driving-point admittance, the amplitude distribution of the current, and the phase distribution of the current, relative to the phase at the driving-point for a dipole antenna immersed in a homogeneous conducting medium. Measurements of the driving-point admittance have been made for a range of values of the ratio \sigma/\omega\epsilon_{r}\epsilon_{0} of the medium taking the electrical height of the antenna \beta h as a parameter. The ratio \sigma/\omega\epsilon_{r}\epsilon_{0} is varied from \sigma/\omega\epsilon_{r}\epsilon_{0}=0.036 to \sigma/\omega\epsilon_{r} \epsilon_{0}=8.8 and the antenna height \beta h is varied from \beta h=0.1 to 2\pi at intervals of 0.1. The amplitude and phase distributions of the current have been measured for \beta h = \pi/2, 3\pi/4, \pi , and 5/4\pi in a homogeneous conducting medium whose conductivity is varied from \sigma/\omega\epsilon_{r} \epsilon_{0}=0.036 to \sigma/\omega\epsilon_{r}\epsilon_{0}=8.8 .


Religious Dimensions of the American Civil Rights Movement A Stone of Hope: Prophetic Religion and the Death of Jim Crow by David L. Chappell; Black Religious Intellectuals: The Fight for Inequality from Jim Crow to the Twenty-First Century by Clarence Taylor Review by: Randal Maurice Jelks Church History, Vol. 73, No. 4 (Dec., 2004), pp. 828-833 Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Society of Church History Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4146749 . Accessed: 08/06/2012 20:36


We propose a highly sensitive curvature sensor based on cascaded single mode fiber (SMF) tapers with a microcavity. The microcavity is created by splicing a small piece of hollow core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF) at the end of an SMF to obtain a sharp interference pattern. Experimental results show that two SMF tapers enhance the curvature sensitivity of the system and by changing the tapering parameters of the second taper, the curvature sensitivity of the system can be tailored, together with the fringe contrast of the interference pattern. A maximum curvature sensitivity of 10.4 dB/m−1 is observed in the curvature range 0 to 1 m−1 for a second taper diameter of 18 μm. The sensing setup is highly stable and shows very low temperature sensitivity. As the interrogation is intensity based, a low cost optical power meter can be utilized to determine the curvature.


A survey was carried out of the micotoxicological and microscopic characteristics of rice comercialized in Pelotas and Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. Samples of whole [16], parboilized [16] and polished white rice [24] were collected in supermarkets, from may until september 2000.The occurrence of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, ochratoxin A, zearelenone, desoxynivalenol and T2 toxin was evaluated using thin layer chromatographic technique (TLC). The last two toxins were also evaluated by gas chromatography (CG). Mycoflora was determined using a surface Potato Dextrose Acid Agar, incubated for 5 days at 25oC. The most frequent colonies were identified using the microcultive technique. The occurrence of microscopic dirt was realized in accordance with AOAC. Among the samples analyzed, 2 presented contamination by ochratoxin A (104 and 128mg.Kg-1) and three with zearalenone (559, 1117 and 1955mg.Kg-1), one of wich was cause by co-contamination with the first. One sample was contamined with desoxynivalenol (266 e 300mg.Kg-1), determined by TLC and GC. The results showed that 3.6% of the samples have levels above and 11% near 104CFU/g. A brown rice sample was contaminated by microscopic dirt the above legal legislation (0.25%).


At the University of Wyoming we currently have about 80 student lab assistants. We had talked for years about developing a program where a handful of individuals would be "Team Leaders" for smaller groups. They would provide leadership, assist with training, and be "go to" people in the labs. We kept putting the idea off as we had so much on our plates, just like most of our colleagues at SIGUCCS. After the Baltimore conference, we decided it was time to "get 'er done." We started by examining the costs of additional students and outlining what we wanted them to be doing. After identifying funding for a pilot project, we put out a call for applications to our current employees. Many applied, and we hired five people to test out our ideas. After only five months, the program has had huge successes. We have more accountability for our Lab Assistants (LA's) and they have additional resources. The Team Leaders came up with several good ideas, and at their suggestion we implemented a "Question of the Week" program, helping bring all employees up to speed on critical issues. Comments about LA's have improved greatly on our annual survey, and we've been surprised at some of the benefits we've discovered. This session will discuss our fledgling program and some of the problems we encountered, requiring "on-the-fly" solutions. We'll also look at where we want to go in the future. Anyone who has problems supervising groups of students who are spread out across campus should attend.


Patient is a 77-year-old female who is a retired teacher living with her husband. Patient presents to the clinic for a post-hospital discharge visit. She was treated for bacterial pneumonia with combination therapy of azithromycin and cefpodoxime. She was diagnosed with COPD seven years ago when she had to be treated for chronic dyspnea, cough, and sputum that kept her breathless and required hospitalization.


A path integral formulation by the generalized coherent states of the Thouless parameterization is presented to apply to molecular systems. Explicit expressions of the ensemble average of the physical property including the spin space is also derived. In order to compute the ensemble average, a novel calculating scheme is shown. The Monte Carlo method by the metropolis algorithm is used, and in order to avoid the negative sign problem, a reweighting method is attempted. Simple examples are examined to demonstrate performances of calculations. We discussed in relation to the total energy and the number of the division for the partition function or the temperature.


In this study, an elastic-plastic thermal stress analysis is carried out on a metal-matrix composite beam. Temperature is chosen to vary linearly along the sections of the beam. The beam is made of a stainless steel fiber aluminum metal-matrix composite. It has rigid smooth planes at the ends. The solution is found at 0, 30, 45, 60, and 90 orientation angles. The intensity of the residual stress component of σ x is maximized at the upper and lower surfaces of the beam and for an orientation angle of 0. In addition, the equivalent plastic strain is found to be greatest at the same orientation angle. Plastic yielding begins on the beam at higher orientation angles at lower temperatures.


Before the era of potent combination antiretroviral therapy, surgical procedures were performed reluctantly in HIV-positive patients, due to concerns about poor long-term prognosis and possible increased risk for postoperative complications. In this retrospective case series, researchers report outcomes of 25 …


It describes to the occurrence of cases of dengue and malaria in a period of 17 years between 1985 to 2007, with the purpose of identifying a process of reemergencia of these diseases in Venezuela. Registries of the disease at level of the country are considered and by regions; the incidences per year were considered and compared at two moments for all period; after a characterization is made of the cases between the 2000 and year 2007, they are resisted with the measures of public health available consultation of the MPPS. The results indicate that incidence have been increased of considerable way in the last 5 years (2002-2007), in spite of the diverse programs of public sanitary health. Diverse are the causes that have determined in this increase, the official measures have not been guessed right, perhaps by the rotations of the authorities and the way to involve to the actors in the process of control of the vectors; thus also the variability of the climatic conditions that are assumed like factor certain but which they have not been evaluated in his real dimension and less involved in the plans of control and/or prevention of the vectors.


Three new quality and disease-resistant wheat lines were cultivated from alien addition lines The lines 920633,932847,932864 were tested both in field and lab: The results as following: The three lines have stablecytologic characteristic of which are 2n=42 in mitosis M stage and 21 Ⅱin PMC MI Protein contents are 16 2 percent, 18 32 percent and 20 02 percent respectively The three lines are highly resistant to yellow rust and powdrew disease, resistant to leaf rust The cotainer of grain and maxism milking rate of line 920633 was larger than contract (Lumai 14), but milking time,grain contracting rate was smaller


GaN(0001) has been grown on Al 2 O 3 (0001) by molecular beam epitaxy where NH 3 was used as the nitrogen precursor. Desorption mass spectroscopy and reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) were used to monitor the relationship between growth rate and the incident fluxes during growth. Excess surface Ga decreases the GaN formation rate when the substrate temperature is too low or the Ga flux is too high. A simple rate equation is used to describe the observed behavior.


ABSTRACT Research in language processing has established that semantic information can influence (a) online sentence interpretation when syntactic cues are indeterminate, and (b) offline judgments of syntactically unambiguous but semantically anomalous sentences. The question of whether semantic information can influence online sentence interpretation when semantic cues oppose unambiguous syntax remains unanswered. We investigate this question using two speeded forced-choice sentence continuation studies. Under time constraints, participants continued sentence fragments such as "The hearty meal was devouring … " (Attraction Violation) and "The sealed envelope was devouring … " (No-Attraction Violation) with either BY or THE. Although participants had an overall preference to continue all fragments with THE, they were more likely to choose BY in Attraction Violation than No-Attraction Violation sentences. When choosing THE, participants took longer in the Attraction Violation condition. These results suggest that semantically attractive interpretations can be pursued online even in the face of unambiguous but contradictory syntactic cues.


A coating composition comprising: (i) a film forming resin; (Ii) an infrared reflective pigment; and (iii) an infrared fluorescent dye different from the infrared reflective pigment. When the coating composition is cured to form a coating and exposed to radiation including fluorescent excitation radiation, the coating has a higher effective solar reflectance (ESR) compared to the same exposed coating to radiation including fluorescent excitation radiation except without the fluorescent dye infra-red. a coating including a multilayer coating composition and a substrate at least partially coated with the coating composition is also described. a method for reducing the temperature of an article comprises applying the coating composition on at least a portion of the article.


This Paper analyzes and researches on cause and condition of class reform in Guangdong province through using the literature and questionnaire.The result shows that the contents of physical education and its resources are not adequate enough in ordinary Polytechnic to meet the demand of students for their diversified physical exercises.In order to promote the students' development,the author explores theoretical study on main content of class reform and its development in Polytechnic schools.


FIELD: pulp-and-paper industry. SUBSTANCE: web has system of filaments extending along machine, system of first filaments extending transverse to machine, system of second filaments extending transverse to machine and interwoven with filaments extending along machine in first zone along one of two transverse edges of web for papermaking machine between system of first filaments and stitch loops of second weaving pattern, system of third filaments extending transverse to machine and interwoven with filaments of system extending transverse to machine in second zone along other of two transverse edges of web for papermaking machine between system of first filaments and stitch loops of third weaving pattern. System of third filaments has at least two filaments extending transverse to machine. Second zone is characterized in that denier of at least some of third filaments differs from that of first filaments, gaps between at least some of third filaments differ from those between first filaments, and third weaving pattern differs from that of first pattern. EFFECT: increased efficiency and improved quality of seam of web for papermaking machine. 62 cl, 5 dwg


This study was mainly focused on the transformation of alkali metals in flue gas, the relationship between mercury oxidation and alkali metals, and the effect of concentrations of Cl2 and SO2 on mercury oxidation. Thermodynamic stability of alkali metals during coal combustion was analyzed with the chemical thermodynamics software, Chemical Equilibrium with Applications (CEA), and so were the interactions among alkali metals and Cl-species or S-species. The analysis results suggested that mercury oxidation in postcombustion gases could be enhanced by alkali metals. Based on the previous studies, a homogeneous Hg/C/H/O/N/S/Cl/K/Na kinetics model under isothermal conditions was established in this paper, and the kinetics calculation and sensitivity analysis were realized by CHEMKIN 4.1. According to the kinetics model, it is concluded that the main products for K and Na are KSO2, KCl, NaSO2, and NaCl at 793 K. Additionally, the impact of alkali metals on mercury oxidation will vary with the concentrations o...


NO, the received text of the poem is not "hopelessly corrupt." It is almost certainly the Authorized Version, a rarely happy circumstance, since this is one of Lovelace's two best-known poems, one which circulated widely in Lovelace's own day—certainly far more widely than in Lucasta (1649) ar|d the six manuscript texts C. H. Wilkinson prints, describes, or refers to in his Commentary and Additional Notes.1 What is especially instructive about the texts Wil kinson gives, however, is that Lucasta and the manuscript texts repre sent slightly different and apparently equally authoritative "versions" of the poem, respectively, and that, at the same time, all but one of the manuscript texts are to a greater or lesser extent corrupt—owing in four cases to almost certain memorial reconstruction. There are no


A good and functional legislation in the community, including the Perpres, is not only required to have a strong philosophical and juridical basis, but also sociological considerations. This article will examine the sociological basis of Peraturan Presiden No. 20 of 2018 concerning the Use of Foreign Workers in Indonesia. The issuance of the Presidential Regulation needs to be looked at and critics together whether Peraturan Presiden No. 20 of 2018 has taken into account the sociological aspects, the current dynamics and adequate future projections? This consideration needs to be done to ensure that the Perpres has a parallel and adequate basis for philosophical, juridical, and sociological visibility. This sociological consideration and basic test is important, to ensure that a legal product will be implemented effectively or not? This study uses a descriptive-qualitative method using the Legal Sociology approach. The focus studied is a legal product, namely the Peraturan Presiden No. 20 of 2018. The data used is Peraturan Presiden 20 of 2018, Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), literature review, mass media information and other sources related to support. As a result, the issuance of Perpes No. 20 of 2018, shows that besides its weak philosophical and juridical basis, it is also weak sociologically. The employment policy outlined in the Presidential Regulation clearly neglects the sociological conditions of the Indonesian people, especially Indonesian workers A good and functional legislation in the community, including the Perpres, is not only required to have a strong philosophical and juridical basis, but also sociological considerations. This article will examine the sociological basis of Peraturan Presiden No. 20 of 2018 concerning the Use of Foreign Workers in Indonesia. The issuance of the Presidential Regulation needs to be looked at and critics together whether Peraturan Presiden No. 20 of 2018 has taken into account the sociological aspects, the current dynamics and adequate future projections? This consideration needs to be done to ensure that the Perpres has a parallel and adequate basis for philosophical, juridical, and sociological visibility. This sociological consideration and basic test is important, to ensure that a legal product will be implemented effectively or not? This study uses a descriptive-qualitative method using the Legal Sociology approach. The focus studied is a legal product, namely the Peraturan Presiden No. 20 of 2018. The data used is Peraturan Presiden 20 of 2018, Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), literature review, mass media information and other sources related to support. As a result, the issuance of Perpes No. 20 of 2018, shows that besides its weak philosophical and juridical basis, it is also weak sociologically. The employment policy outlined in the Presidential Regulation clearly neglects the sociological conditions of the Indonesian people, especially Indonesian workers


Cigarette smoking has been associated repeatedly in observational studies with decreased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), but its relationship to the risk of dementia or Alzheimer's disease (AD) is inconsistent. All of these studies have used clinical diagnoses of disease. We tested the hypothesis that lifetime cigarette use might be associated with reduced risk of neuropathologic changes of Lewy‐related pathology (LRP) in multiple brain regions or with reduced risk of consensus neuropathologic changes of AD in a prospective community‐based study of brain aging and dementia, the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study. We observed that heavy lifetime cigarette smoking (>50 pack years) was associated with significantly reduced relative risk (RR) for LRP, but not AD‐type pathologic changes, after correcting for selection bias, and with significantly reduced frequency of LRP in the substantia nigra. These findings are the first of which we are aware to associate reduced LRP in human brain with any exposure, and substantiate observational studies that have associated cigarette smoking with reduced risk of PD. Although cigarette smoking is too toxic to suggest as a treatment, if confirmed, these findings may guide future therapeutic strategies that attempt to suppress LRP in human brain by other means.


Subject area

The subject area of the case is operations management and capacity planning. The case adopts different operation strategies to use the idle capacity.

Study level/applicability

The case study is suitable for discussion in masters level classes. The case explains the situation of a company which is fighting for its survival. The case reveals the alternative operations strategies it applies to maximize its capacity utilization and reduce its costs.

Case overview

The case describes a paper producing company which is earning low margins. The company's capacity remains unused during the off-seasons. The company then plans to share its capacity with another dying industry. Both the companies plan to cooperate and share resources. However, there are other attractive alternatives too and the dilemma situations leave the gap for continuous discussions.

Expected learning outcomes

The case aims at providing potential alternatives to the students and initiating healthy discussions. The students will be able to understand the capacity utilization dilemmas and applicability of the operations strategy concept in practice.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email email@example.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code

CSS 9: Operations and Logistics.


Human is the most important,active,and creative factor in social and ec onomic development,is the creator o f social wealth and the direct promoter of eco nomic development.At the time of knowledge economy,it is most important to analyze,admin-istrate and make policies about investment on human resources.


Acknowledgements - Notes on the Contributors - The Renewed NPT: Old Wine in New Bottles? R.G.C.Thomas - PART 1: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES - Nuclear Proliferation following the NPT Extension G.Rathjens - A Treaty Reborn? The NPT After Extension J.F.Pilat &C.W.Nakhleh - The NPT and Power Transitions in the International System T.V.Paul - The Causes of Nuclear Proliferation and the Utility of the Nonproliferation Regime B.A.Thayer - Chemical, Biological, and Missile Proliferation K.C.Bailey - The NPT: Coping with the Best and Worst Cases Z.S.Davis - PART 2: REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES - Proliferation and Non-Proliferation in Ukraine: Implications for European and US Security S.Blank - Japan's Nuclear Policy: Reflections on the Immediate Past, Prognosis for the 21st Century Ambassador R.Imai - Nuclear Imbalance of Terror: The American Surveillance Regime and North Korea's Nuclear Program B.Cumings - Is the Nuclear Option an Option for South Korea? T.W.Park - South Asia's Nuclear Revolution: Has it Occurred Yet? P.R.Lavoy - The Indian and Pakistani Nuclear Programs: A Race to Oblivion? S.Ganguly - Should India Sign the NPT/CTBT? R.G.C.Thomas - Iran's Nuclear Quest: Motivations and Consequences H.Vaziri - PART 3: RETROSPECT - The Realities of Nuclear War: Memories of Hiroshima and Nagasaki J.N.Yamazaki - Index


Ayurveda is an eternal science. Among all the vise concepts of Ayurveda, Trayaupsthambha has prime importance as itconsists of three pillars that are Ahara(Diet), Nidra(Sleep), and Brahmacharya (Celibacy). The longevity and happiness of lifedepend upon these three pillars. Each one has its importance; among them, Aharaachieved first position in Trayaupsthambha,which denotes its prime importance in Trayaupsthambha. Hence we must know the Ahara (diet) described in Ayurveda.Consuming a healthy diet in the right way can lead to good health; however, eating food that isn't wholesome can make you sick.Ahara gives the body power, radiance, and Oja; it is essential for longevity and increases mental fortitude. Our ancient seerdescribes some rules regarding diet that every person should follow. If not, then the most beneficial object Ahara will turn into amost harmful object, which can cause various diseases. The healthy physical body and mind together are responsible for health.Our ancient seer, in their commentaries, proves that Ayurveda helps in keeping the equilibrium of all physiological functions ofSharir and Manas via proper Ahara. This article aims to study the importance of the ahara in today's life. To achieve the goal of ahealthy life, the Ahara plays a vital role. This article aims to collect and analyze the literature review of the Sahara andunderstand the dietic rules explained in Ayurveda. This article discussed the significance of Ahara and diseases caused by pooreating habits. If Ahara is not consumed properly, numerous disorders, including the effects of Apathya-Ahara, may be noticed.


While exhibiting excellent chip discharge performance in a wide range of cutting conditions, it is possible to improve the wear resistance by reducing the cutting resistance, to provide a cutting insert (1). Cutting insert has a top surface of the polygonal shape (2) and the lower face (3) and side (4), the upper surface (2) and side (4) corners of the location and year top at the intersection of the (5 ) and cutting edge (6) which is provided contains a through hole penetrating the center portion of the lower surface from the central portion of the upper surface (7), the projections extending into the through hole (7) side from the previous period corner portion (5) includes a (9), the cutting edge (6) and the rake surface extending into the through hole (7) side from the corner portion (5) between the protrusion (9) and (8), the. Viewed from the top, and the protruding portion rake face (8) (9) and border the through hole (7) of the end (13a) of the (13) bisects the angle corner portion (5) forms two upper edge of the year through hole located on the bisector (B) (11) and the corner portion (5) of the tip (5a) and as and bisecting the mid-point (M) of the constructed line segment de than the line (B) to the line perpendicular (a), located in the through hole (7) side.


In the age of weaponized disinformation, the question for democracies is not merely who will win an election, but whether the outcome will be accepted as legitimate. To assess the challenge faced by U.S. electoral officials in convincing the public of the security of election procedure we conducted a survey experiment on a national sample of 4987 U.S. adults in the lead-up to the 2020 election. Subjects were exposed to claims about voter fraud as well as crisis communication counter-messaging attributed to election officials. We find that regardless of the messaging strategy, subjects were unmoved by the counter-messaging with partisanship being a clear predictor of increased skepticism towards election security. Our findings illustrate the difficulties election officials face in convincing the publics about election legitimacy and highlight the systemic dangers posed by electoral disinformation.


By use of the theory of fracture mechanics, the plain-strain model is established to simulate the four-layer asphalt pavement of corresponding crack.. And then, applying the segmented integral method and power function form, the stretching stress intensify factors in the conditions that four limited layer combined status and different crack space are calculated and analyzed under the action of pavement and basement shrinkage. Moreover, the regression formulas are given which can meet requirements of the engineering regression equation precision.


Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is the task of building a map representation of an unknown environment while it at the same time is used for positioning. A probabilistic interpretation of the SLAM task allows for incorporating prior knowledge and for operation under uncertainty. Contrary to the common practice of computing point estimates of the system states, we capture the full posterior density through approximate Bayesian inference. This dynamic learning task falls under state estimation, where the state-of-the-art is in sequential Monte Carlo methods that tackle the forward filtering problem. In this paper, we introduce a framework for probabilistic SLAM using particle smoothing that does not only incorporate observed data in current state estimates, but it also back-tracks the updated knowledge to correct for past drift and ambiguities in both the map and in the states. Our solution can efficiently handle both dense and sparse map representations by Rao-Blackwellization of conditionally linear and conditionally linearized models. We show through simulations and real-world experiments how the principles apply to radio (BLE/Wi-Fi), magnetic field, and visual SLAM. The proposed solution is general, efficient, and works well under confounding noise.


A new method which can give continuous guidance for controlling axial xenon oscillations in large PWRs has been presented. The method is based on two additional newly defined axial offsets, AOi and AOx together with the conventional axial offset of power distribution AOp. AOi and AOx are the axial offsets of power distributions which would give the current iodine and xenon distributions under equilibrium conditions, respectively. The information from AOi, AOx and AOp are used to display the trajectory of (AOp-AOx, AOi-AOx) in the X-Y plane. be controlled quite easily to lead the plot to the origin where three AOs are identical. The method has been proved with the power level constant. However, it is necessary to modify the definition


Sustainable construction is a living term that cannot be precisely defined. Building companies came up with sustainable buildings as a response to call for sustainable growth. Sustainable buildings have evolved from exploring more sustainable activities to make buildings self-sustaining. Green buildings are yet another concept used for sustainable development in the real estate industry. Green technologies and green practices are being proclaimed and adopted at all levels of society, but the idea of green building in India has not yet reached a point where it could have a greater effect on society. This paper, through a comprehensive literature survey and analysis attempts to examine the future of green buildings through strategic business models. The study reveals that there is a great scope for extensive construction of green buildings in India, but lack of proper policies and incentives, aggressive action, and shortcomings in processing and communication are the hindrances. This paper also suggests some actions at the individual and institutional level to enhance the construction of green buildings.


In the present study, based on the value of residual longitudinal strength of damaged ships was predicted by the Smith's method, the reliability analysis has been carried out for both vertical and horizontal bending moments. The limit state function was derived based on the interaction equation. Four cases of still water bending moment and two Monte Carlo simulations which different samples have been performed. This study focused on Bulk Carrier and Double Hull VLCC in ISSC 2000.


The constant-input stability of the generalized immitance converter (GIC) digital filter structures proposed by A. Antoniou and M.G. Rezk (1978) is investigated. This stability is essential for these structures since they are used in cascade form. It is shown that only one of the five sections previously proposed can be stabilized against constant-input limit cycles. It is also shown that each one of those five sections can be made to realize multiple transfer functions without any additional multiplier. A universal filter based on the GIC concept is proposed which realizes simultaneously all the five standard second-order transfer functions and which is also free from both zero- and constant-input limit cycles. The sensitivity and noise properties of the proposed universal filter are compared with those of other known universal structures for a specific example. >


The 1.5 g·L-1 ergosterol ethanol solution was irradiated by 20W UVA sunlamps under the condition of(5±2)℃ to synthesize the lumisterol,and the reaction was monitored by HPLC.The result demonstrated that the yield of lumisterol was up to 50% at 3 h.Then the product was separated and purified to get 4.6mg of lumisterol by column chromatography using alumina as an absorbent and n-hexane-ethyl acetate(2∶1,v/v) as a developing solvent.Its melting point of 117~119 ℃ was consistent with literature.


We thank Wong et al. for providing interesting supplemental data with regard to our article examining the virological and clinical implications of persistent viremia (PV) in tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)treated patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). The authors used a novel technique to measure treatment adherence in which intracellular metabolites of tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) stored in red blood cells are quantified from dried blood spots (DBSs). The advantage of quantifying TFV-DP comes largely from its extended half-life compared to tenofovir in plasma, allowing a broader picture of adherence within a 2-week span. The levels of TFV-DP observed in their 2 coinfected patients who had detectable HBV replication, despite long periods of plasma HIV-RNA suppression and TDF-containing antiretroviral therapy, revealed that TDF was not consistently taken before the study visit. From their experience, suboptimal treatment adherence would be the most probable underlying cause for HBV persistence. Because this technique requires whole-blood samples and only serum/plasma were stored in the French HIV-HBV cohort, we were unable to evaluate adherence by intracellular TFV-DP among our patients with PV. Notwithstanding the usefulness of this measure, we stress that poor long-term adherence to TDF could be one of several potential reasons for incomplete HBV suppression. HBV replication has been shown to continue at extremely low levels in a large proportion of HBV monoinfected patients undergoing TDF with optimal adherence. It remains to be confirmed whether changes in viral quasi-species during low-level replication could evoke bouts of detectable persistence. Furthermore, patients from our cohort presenting with either transient (i.e., blips of detectable HBV replication) or low-level PV (i.e., HBV-DNA levels 60-2,000 IU/mL at the end of follow-up) had significantly lower nadir CD4 cell counts compared to those with controlled HBV replication, suggesting that historically severe immunosuppression is also a factor. The specific immunological components giving rise to PV have yet to be determined. We hope that the authors will evaluate these other potential causes of PV as more patents are included in their ongoing study. In any case, DBS technology will greatly aid future research on this topic in assessing the role of long-term, and not "white coat," adherence. Because we expect TDF to be soon replaced by tenofovir alafenamide, which yields 86% lower TFV plasma and 7-fold higher intracellular TFV-DP levels, TFV-DP quantification might become more suitable for coinfected patients undergoing treatment with this antiviral agent.


We consider a one-dimensional second-order elliptic equation with a high-dimensional parameter in a hypercube as a parametric domain. Such a problem arises, for example, from the Karhunen Loève expansion of a stochastic PDE posed in a onedimensional physical domain. For the discretization in the parametric domain we use the collocation on a tensor-product grid. The paper is focused on the tensorstructured solution of the resulting multiparametric problem, which allows to avoid the curse of dimensionality owing to the use of the separation of parametric variables in the tensor train and quantized tensor train formats. We suggest an e cient tensor-structured preconditioning of the entire multiparametric family of one-dimensional elliptic problems and arrive at a direct solution formula. We compare this method to a tensor-structured preconditioned GMRES solver in a series of numerical experiments.


Considering the possibilities and strengths of the current telecommunication systems and the associate emergent technologies, it has become imperative to address concerns to open opportunities aiming at popularizing the access to education systems. This work proposes an API architecture to services for the discovery of educational contents using the transmission system to be adopted by the Brazilian standard for the Digital TV.


This paper argues that the rule enshrined in article 10 of the International Law Commission's articles on State responsibility, according to which violations of international law by rebels that subsequently seize power are attributable to the State, rests neither on sound precedential nor systemic grounds. It seeks to demonstrate that this provision rather constitutes the outcome of a political choice to lessen impunity and promote accountability in case of violation of international law by non-State actors. Since the rule is not based on any precise precedent nor systemic logic but only on political motives, there is no reason why one could not resort to similar motives to attempt to refine the currently hazy scope of application of that rule. Along this line of reasoning, this paper submits that - contrary to what has been advocated by the ILC and its Special Rapporteur - excluding the responsibility of the State for acts committed by victorious rebels in situations of national reconciliation or power-sharing agreements is not justified. It is argued that the exclusion of the application of the rule of attribution of the victorious rebels should only apply in cases where rebels eventually seize power through democratic elections. It is eventually explained that the ILC's limitation to the scope of application of article 10 could have been more easily justified if the responsibility of the State for acts of victorious rebels had been designed as a rule of attribution of responsibility and not as a rule of attribution of conduct.


1 Gatlin, J. A. et al., "Satellite Attitude Control Using A Torqued, Two-axis-gimballed Boom as the Actuator," AIAA Paper 68-857, Pasadena, Calif., 1968. 2 Graham, J. D., "Dynamics of a Satellite Having Long Flexible Extendible Members," Proceedings of the XVII International Astronautical Congress, Madrid, Spain, Oct. 1966, pp. 163-178. 3 Dow, P. C. et al., "Dynamic Stability of a Gravity-Gradient Stabilized Satellite Having Long Flexible Antennas," Proceedings of the AIAA Guidance and Control Specialists Conference, Seattle, Wash., Aug. 1966, pp. 285-303. 4 Hooker, W. W. and Marqulies, G., "The Dynamical Attitude Equations For An iY-body Satellite," Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 12, No. 4, Winter 1965, pp. 122-128. 5 Roberson, R. E., and Wittenburg, J., "A Dynamical Formalism for an Arbitrary Number of Interconnected Bodies, With Reference to the Problem of Satellite Attitude Control," paper 46.D, June 1966, International Federation on Automatic Control, London, England. , 2I,o](B