Background: The combination of fibrin sealant and poly glycolic acid (PGA) felt is a good means used to prevent alveolar air leakage or bile leakage after liver resection, which can provide a better sealing effect on alveolar air leakage or bile duct. This work aims to investigate the combined application of fibrin sealant and PGA felt in surgical treatment for pneumothorax due to emphysema. Methods: 78 emphysema patients with pneumothorax were randomly divided into study group (35 cases) and control group (43 cases). During pulmonary bulla resection by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, the fibrin sealant combined with PGA felt was used in study group, and the partial pleural pleura rubbing was used in control group. The chest drainage time after surgery, hospital stay and recurrence rate of pneumothorax after 1 year between two groups were compared. Results: The chest drainage time after surgery in study group was significantly shorter than control group (4.91±1.29 days vs. 7.47±2.12 days, P < 0.05). The hospital stay in study group was also significantly shorter than control group (7.86±1.73 days vs. 11.09±2.33 day, P < 0.05). The recurrence rate of pneumothorax after 1 year in study group was significantly lower than control group (5.71% vs. 23.26%, P < 0.05). Conclusions: The combined application of fibrin sealant and PGA felt can improve the treatment effect in surgery for pneumothorax due to emphysema, compared to using partial pleura rubbing.


The design and construction of miniature prototype of nonimaging planar concentrator, which is capable of producing much more uniform spatial irradiance and reasonably high concentration ratio, were presented in the previous paper. In this paper, we further explore the optical characteristics of the new concentrator that is specially designed to be incorporated in concentrator photovoltaic systems. For this study, we have carried out a comprehensive analysis via numerical simulation based on all the important design parameters, i.e., array of facet mirrors, f/D ratio, receiver size, and the effect of suntracking error, which lead to the overall optical performance of the new concentrator.


For those who don't have any recipe, here is a cookie recipe for Monday! Enjoy! Here is a link to Jamie Oliver's recipe of shortbread


This paper attempts to distinguish 'trust in cooperation' from 'trust in ability' with respect to gender through an experimental trust game. 'Trust in ability' is explored in the context of hands-on mechanical ability where females are stereotypically believed to be inherently less skillful. Such stereotypes govern, explicitly or implicitly, women's access to education & employment of certain fields, resulting in gender based occupational segregation of the labour market. This in turn intensifies gender inequality. It is observed higher probability of exhibiting stereotypical behavior among men and women paired with women despite statistically insignificant gender gap in actual performances in the mechanical task assigned. It indicates that 'trust in ability' can be governed by such stereotype and affect economic outcomes. It also describes the demotivating psychological process women suffer from, due to endorsement of such stereotypes by the society.


Some parallels are found between the spin-interaction Hamiltonian produced by incipient spin-density waves and the multicomponent Mattis models which give Hopfield associative memories. The approximate criterion found by Feigelman and Ioffe for the crossover from spin glass to «spoiled helical» order is seen to follow easily from this analogy. The analogy allows a rather trivial extension of the Feigelman-Ioffe criterion to cases, such as Cu 1-x Mn x , in which there are multiple but not infinitely multiple spin-density wavelike components together with short-range magnetic order


Objective
To summarize the clinical features and vascular lesions in patients who suffered from cerebellar infarction with vertebral artery hypoplasia(VAH).

Methods
Retrospective analysis was used in the research. The selected patients suffered from cerebellar infarction with VAH or stenosis (stenosis rate ≥ 50%). Seventy-one patients with cerebellar infarction were enrolled. There were 34 patients in VAH group and 37 patients in vertebral artery stenosis group. The age, sex, risk factors, clinical manifestations and characteristics of vascular examination were compared.

Results
The age, sex, risk factors between two groups had no significant differences (P >0.05). The scores of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) between two groups had no significant difference (P >0.05). The proportion of early neurological deterioration in VAH group (41.2%, 14/34) was higher than that in vertebral artery stenosis group (18.9%, 7/37), χ2 = 4.21, P <0.05. There were more patients with anterior circulation artery stenosis in the VAH group (35.3%, 12/34), compared with that in artery stenosis group (13.5%, 5/37), χ2 = 4.62, P <0.05. Except the ipsilateral vertebral artery, other arteries stenosis in VAH group (44.1%, 15/34) was significantly higher than that in vertebral artery stenosis group (13.5%, 5/37), χ2 = 8.20, P <0.05.

Conclusions
Cerebellar infarction with vertebral artery hypoplasia is more likely to have multiple cerebral arterial stenosis (stenosis rate ≥ 50%). The patients who suffered from cerebellar infarction with vertebral artery hypoplasia might be prone to early neurological deterioration.

Key words:
Vertebral artery hypoplasia; Cerebral infarction; Cerebellum


57 ABSTRACT * Notice: This patent issued on a continued pros57 ecution application filed under 37 CFR 1.53(d), and is subject to the twenty year patent term provisions of 35 U.S.C. This invention describes the use of liquid block isoprene butadiene copolymers of approximately 25,000 to 100,000 154(a)(2). molecular weight, and which comprises 10 to 90% by weight isoprene and 90 to 10% by weight butadiene. This 21 Appl. No.: 08/936,110 material is added to a rubber compound that contains natural rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber and buta 22 Filed: Sep. 23, 1997 diene rubber, or blends thereof, the sum of which is equal to 51) Int. Cl." ................................. B60C 1/00; B60C 9/02 or greater than 50 phr of the entire rubber content formu 52 U.S. Cl. .......................... 1521564; 152/450; 152/451; lation. The liquid block copolymer is used at low levels, 152/525; 524/501; 524/502; 524/516; 524/881; typically 1.5 phr to 15 phr. The invention also includes tires 525/243; 525/244; 525/247; 5.e with at least one component composed of Such rubber


The English language has become a global language, a development which has influenced English language teaching and learning throughout the world. This influence has occurred more impressively in China than in other parts of the world as a result of the breathtaking pace at which China has integrated with global economies. Increasing industrial, economic and multicultural development has spurred language educators in China to question the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) curriculum in relation to the role of English, particularly in secondary schools. In this paper we present a brief review of the role of English as a global language in the Chinese context, a context which is now to be seen as a global one. The new curriculum has been progressively rolled out in Chinese schools since 2001. We highlight the redefinition of the role of English in the new EFL curriculum in Chinese secondary schools in particular and the significance of this as it presents new features of the new EFL curriculum as part of a developing research field, based on a comparison with the 1993 EFL curriculum. In this study, we focus on policy statements and curriculum documents as well as published previous research in order to understand the redefining of the role of English as a foreign language in the new EFL curriculum.


A new space time adaptive processing (STAP) method combined direct data domain with statistics was presented to suppress clutter and interferer in non omogeneous environment. The new method can effectively compensate the performance loss incurred by the spatial and temporal aperture loss of the DDD approach. Furthermore, a new scheme of target signal filter for real phased array airborne early warning (AEW) radar system was also given. The computation results and MCARM data prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.


A coded data editing apparatus includes a first storage unit for storing a first coded video signal, a second storage unit for storing a second coded video signal, a readout controller for reading out the first and second coded video signals from the first and second storage means, respectively, by adjusting the time bases of the first and second coded video signals to agree with each other, and a header adder for adding an edit header to at least one of the first and second coded video signals.


The effect of total irradiation dose on the hysteresis loops and C V characteristics of PZT ferroelectric capacitors was investigated. It shows that, with the increase of the γ dose, the remanent polarization and coercive fields of the PZT capacitors increased while the dielectric constant decreased because of the effects of radiation induced defects. According to these results and radiation theory about ferroelectric materials, a defects model was proposed to interpret the variation of remanent polarization during irradiation.


The high quality saccharifying power strain is very important for fermentation in China. R.oryzae ATCC2809 was screened from Chinese traditional alcohol starters "JiuQu", which is an excellent strain possessing strong saccharifying power in musk fermentation and generating aroma taste flavor. For further exploring the characteristics of strain R.oryzae ATCC2809 matched the standard species description of growth characteristics and productivity of Rhizopus oryzae strain ATCC2809, and saccharifying power of the strain Rhizopus oryzae ATCC2809 as the main indexes, the main growing factors including trace element, temperature, saccharification, culture medium, amino acid concentrations after the fermentation by R.oryzae ATCC2809 in the mash, etc., were analyzed by comparison experiment. When the fermentation was over, the content of the amino acid of the mash of R.oryzae ATCC2809 was contrasted by the other two traditional strains of R.oryzae F14 and R.oryzae Q303, because the later two strains were widely used in industrial production and achieved good economic profit for the enterprises. At last, we got the conclusion: the essential trace elements of strain R.oryzae ATCC2809 were: P(phosphorus), Mg(magnesium). The strain R.oryzae ATCC2809 grew very well in PDA. Its saccharification power in Czapek's bran medium was better than the others culture mediums. The optimal production yields were achieved at 32°C.


Objective To synthesize lactosamiated poly lysine and analyze its chemical characteristics.Methods The lactosamiated poly lysine covalence compound was synthesized by reductive amination. The component of this compound was determined with phenol vitriol and its structure was analyzed with infrared spectra.Results The Molar ratio of lactose vs. poly lysine was 16:1 for lactosamiated poly lysine covalence compound.Conclusion Lactosamiated poly lysine with definite structure and component is successfully synthesized.


Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are nowadays one of the most popular energy storage devices. Depending on their cell chemistry LIBs can show high energy, high power and high cycle life. Because of these characteristics, they dominate the portable consumer electronics and telecommunications market. In the last years, LIBs have been indicated as the most promising option for the next generation of hybrid and electric vehicles (HV, EV) [1]. When the present LIB technology is considered, safety represents one of the main drawbacks holding the introduction of these systems in the new applications. Commercial systems nowadays available use electrolytes commonly based on liquid organic solvents, which are always a possible source of cell leakage. In the past, many R&D projects were devoted to the development of "solid" polymer electrolytes. Polymer electrolytes have low volatility and flammability and thus they may be considered as safer than liquid organic electrolytes. Unfortunately, polymeric electrolytes show lower (for many applications insufficient) ionic conductivities than liquid organic solvent-based electrolytes. Therefore, the intention is to combine the advantages of liquid and solid electrolytes i. e. avoiding the risk of leakage while maintaining the high ionic conductivity displayed by liquid electrolytes. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), in which the liquid electrolyte is immobilized in a polymer matrix, have shown to be a promising system to reach this goal [2-3]. In this paper we report on the electrochemical investigations of novel GPEs based on tailored blockcopolymers with different functional side chains. Welldefined block copolymers were prepared using ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) [4] and the resulting polymers were subsequently gelled by adding liquid electrolyte to give GPEs. Although the amount of polymer compared to liquid electrolyte was reduced to about 20wt%, the mechanical stability of the GPEs was still high enough to render the use of an additional separator unnecessary. Next to the mechanical strength a high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability are major requirements for such systems. Therefore, the conductivity and the electrochemical stability window (ESW) on Pt of GPEs based on block-copolymers with different block ratios and block lengths were measured using impedance spectroscopy and linear sweep voltametry, respectively. Depending on the composition of the block-copolymers the GPEs displayed conductivities up to 2.5 mS cm. In contrast, the electrochemical stability was independent on the block ratio and the block length. It was for all GPEs in the same range like the ESW of the liquid electrolyte used to form the gel. Moreover, investigations of the performance with common anode and cathode materials in lithium ion cells were conducted to assure the applicability of these systems in LIBs.


FIELD: production of high-strength steel used in construction and manufacture of pipes. SUBSTANCE: invention deals with provision of microstructure uniform over thickness of plate having thickness of 10.0 mm as minimum and with growth of customary fraction of bainite/martensite to approximately 75% and higher. High-strength steel composition carrying ferrite phase and martensite/bainite phase in which ferrite phase has initial formation of carbide or carbonitride of vanadium and niobium is produced by way of first rolling at temperature above that of austenite recrystallization, by way of second rolling at temperature below that of austenite recrystallization, by way of cooling to temperature between transformation point Ar 3 and 500 C and by way of cooling in water to temperature below 400 C approximately. EFFECT: provision of microstructure uniform over thickness of steel plate. 11 cl, 5 dwg, 5 tbl


The whole world is facing challenges of geo-environmental disposal of municipal solid waste. Considering the problem, in this paper author has established a methodology for searching the geo-scientifically feasible solid waste disposal site using advent geospatial tools. GIS modeling with overlay operation is most useful to find out geo- scientifically feasible areas satisfying criteria decided for site selection. Present disposal system of study area is representing the unawareness about the geo-environmental problems and health hazards. This study provides a selection of environment friendly and geo-scientifically suitable areas for the disposal of solid waste supplying reasonable, convenient and administratively transparent solutions to the waste disposal problems.


The seeds has been investigated, by supplying [ 14 C]sucrose to pedicels of detached, developing siliques. The method gives high, sustained rates of lipid synthesis in developing embryos within the silique, comparable with those on the intact plant. At very early developmental stages (three days after anthesis), the liquid fraction that occupies most of the interior of the seed has a very high hexose to sucrose ratio and [ 14 C]sucrose entering the seeds is rapidly converted to hexoses. Between three and 12 days after anthesis the hexose to sucrose ratio of the liquid fraction of the seed remains high, but the fraction of [ 14 C]sucrose converted to hexose falls dramatically. Instead, most of the [ 14 C]sucrose entering the seed is rapidly converted to products in the growing embryo. These data, together with light and NMR microscopy, reveal complex compartmentation of sugar metabolism and transport within the seed during development. The bulk of the sugar in the liquid fraction of the seed is probably contained within the central vacuole of the endosperm. This sugar is not in contact with the embryo, and is not on the path taken by carbon from the phloem to the embryo. These findings have important implications for the "sugar switch" model of embryo development, and for understanding of the relationship between the embryo and the surrounding endosperm. embryo. To test this idea, we fed [ 14 C]Suc to whole, detached siliques then analysed separately the rates of conversion of Suc to hexoses in the liquid fraction of seeds and to storage products in embryos. The results indicate that the environment surrounding the seed has a different sugar content from the bulk endosperm liquid. They are not consistent with the idea that the embryo receives carbon from the bulk endosperm liquid, or that the sugar composition of this liquid has a direct influence on embryo development. They reveal important complexity in the compartmentation of sugars in the developing seed: we used imaging techniques to study this compartmentation further. The implications of these results for understanding of development and nutrition of B. napus embryos are discussed.


A category of humanities public programming which forms a unique type of "readers' advisory" service has developed in the United States in the past 20 years. Encouraged by funding provided by the National Endowment for the Humanities, readers' discussion groups have grown in number and variety in the 1980s. This article reviews the history of humanities public programming, explores the nature of the readers' discussion groups, and examines the effectiveness and impact of these programs.


Objective:To compare the therapeutic effects and adverse reactions of clozapine and risperidone in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: 80 patients who met the CCMD-3 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia were randomly divided into 2 equal groups, the treatment group and the control group. Patients of the treatment group were given each an initial dose of 25 mg·d-1 of clozapine PO. The dose was increased progressively to 200 - 500 mg·-1 in 2 weeks. Patients of the control group were given each an initial dose of 1 mg· d-1 of risperidone PO. The dose was increased progressively to 2 - 8 mg· d-1 in 2 weeks. The course of treatment in both groups lasted 8 weeks. The therapeutic effects were assessed with BPRS, adverse reactions, with TESS. Results:The rates of excellent effectiveness in the treatment group and control group were 65.0% and 42.5% , respectively( P 0.05) . The main adverse reactions in the treatment group were excessive sedation, salivation, tachycardia and anomalies in leucocytes, while those in the control group were extrapyramidal symptoms, insomnia, agitation, lactation etc. . Conclusion; Clozapine was shown to start acting quickly and its therapeutic effects were superior to those of risperidine in the treatment of schizophrenia.


This paper discusses about direct torque control of Brushless DC motor by injecting the triangular waveform and using PI controller in order to reduce the torque and obtain constant switching frequency. Brushless DC motor are widely used in applications which require wide range of speed and torque control because of robust, longer lifespan, faster torque response and able to operate at high speed.  Unlike conventional three phase DTC of induction machine (IM),the proposed DTC approach introduces two phase conduction mode. Besides that, the magnitude flux is considered constant in which the results only gains from constant torque region. Thus, the flux control loop is eliminated while implement this scheme. Using the triangular waveform that will be compare with actual torque, the proper switching pattern can be selected to control the generated torque and reducing commutation torque ripple. The torque response depends on the speed of the stator flux linkage which is directly controlled by selecting appropriate voltage space vectors from a look-up table to make sure the torque error within the band. The validity of the proposed control scheme for constant switching frequency and reduce torque ripple are verified through simulation and experimental results.


The district of Lantian includes the Lantian county and its neighbouring areas in the counties of Lintung,Weinan,Chang'an,Huahsien and the southern and eastern suburbs of Sian. The Quaternany formations are well developed and consist of many sedimentary facies.According to the subdivision in recent time,the Quaternary can be divided into seven formations.In six of them mammalian fossils were discovered.The fossils dis- tributed in thirty-five localities.Descriptions of part of the materials had been published elsewhere(Lee and Han,1959;Chow, 1963;Dai and Chi,1964;Chow et al.,1965;Chow and Li,1965).And the rest materials are being studied. The Quaternary mammalian fossil localities in Lantian district may be summarized as follows: 1.Lower Pleistocene The lower Pleistocene formations are rather well developed.The Lantian field team discovered nine fossil localities,of which two are of great importance. 1)Loc.Xizawan in Youngkuo,Weinan county(65016)was discovered by Mr.Li Zhao-shu in 1960.The Lantian field team of the Institute(IVPP)collected some fos- sils there in 1965.Proboscidipparion sp.and Hyaena licenti are regarded as the most important representatives which indicate the early Pleistocene age of the fossil bearing beds. 2)Loc.Changchiapo in Youho,Weinan county was discovered by Mr.Chao Bo-xun and others in 1964.From there Equus sanmaniensis and Bison Palaeosinensis were found in the gray greenish clay and grayish sand. 2.Middle Pleistocene The middle Pleistocene formations are extensively developed and may be divided into an upper and a lower parts.Nine fossil localities occur in these formations.The Gongwangling(63706),Chenchiawo(63709),and Loziho(64103)are the typical re- presentatives.The three localities were discovered by the Lantian field team of the Ins- titute(IVPP)in 1963.Further investigation and excavation in 1964 and 1965 dis- covered many fossils including hominid skull and mandible. The mammalian fossils of Gongwangling and Chenchiawo had been studied by Chow et al.(1964,1965). 3.Upper Pleistocene There are two sedimentary facies,one is the loess deposit and the other,the stream deposit.The former extensively mantled the top of loess plateau and Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ terraces. Fossils including Myospalax fontanieri,Bos primigenius and Palaeoloxodon namadicus were found.The latter was mainly developed on the side of the small stream valley, forming its'Ⅱ terrace,many mammalian fossils were also found. Twelve fossil localities of upper Pleistocene were discovered by the Lantian field team,among them Chenchiatsun(64092)in Loziho is most important. 4.Holocene The Holocene sediment forms the Ⅰ terrace of Baho river.There are five fossil lo- calities,Ban-po of Sian is the representative.


Spring semester at the Lab School in Hyde Park finds Petra and Calder drawn into another mystery when unexplained accidents and ghostly happenings throw a spotlight on Frank Lloyd Wright's Robie House, and it's up to the two junior sleuths to piece together the clues.


Three typical opening reinforcem ent m ethods including PVRC, TYM (test yielding m ethod) and PAM (pressure area m ethod) are described .The characteristics ofthese three m ethods and the differences am ong them are m ainly discussed . By com paring and analyzing on a m odelhigh pressure sphericalhead w ith a nozzle subjected to internalpressure using these three m ethods respectively, w e conclude thatPVRCis suitable forsm allopening, w hile TYM and PAM are m ore reasonable and reliable forlarge opening.


Rainwater harvesting (RWH) has traditionally been implemented in areas with (semi) arid climates or limited access to potable water supplies; however, recent droughts in the humid southeastern United States have led to increased implementation of RWH systems. The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) present usage characteristics and performance results for four RWH systems installed in humid North Carolina (NC) as compared with systems located in arid/semiarid regions and (2) identify system benefits and modifications that could help improve the performance of RWH systems installed in humid regions of the world. For this study four RWH systems were installed in NC. Their usage was monitored for at least one year and compared with similar studies. Results revealed that dedicated water uses and usage characteristics for RWH systems in NC differed from those previously reported in the literature. Two of the systems studied met 100 and 61% of the potable water demand with designated uses of animal kennel flushing and greenhouse irrigation, respectively. The designated uses yielding the greatest potable water replacement were often seasonal or periodic, thus necessitating the need for identifying and implementing secondary objectives for these systems, namely, stormwater management. Otherwise, the expense and effort required to implement RWH systems in humid areas will most likely preclude their use.


In order to understand the resistance against common antibiotics in clinic and macrolide antibiotic-resistant mechanism of Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae) isolates in Zhejiang area,both K-B slip method and E-test were applied to determine the sensitivity of 138 S.pneumoniae isolates to nine antibiotics,and the ermB and mefE genes in those isolates which associated with macrolide antibiotics-resistance closely were detected by PCR.Subsequently,correlation among ermB and mefE genes and the erythromycin resistance were analyzed.For these 138 S.pneumoniae isolates,93.5%(129/138) of the strains were resistant to erythromycin,but only 2.9%~4.3% strains were resistant to cefotaxim,cefuroxime,amoxicillin and levofloxacin.The positive rate of ermB gene in the isolates(91.3%,126/138) was significantly higher than that of mefE gene(33.3%,46/138)(P0.05).Both of these two genes existed in 27.5 %(38/138) of the strains and all of the strains without ermB and mefE genes were sensitive to erythromycin.The erythromycin resistance rate(62.5%) of mefE gene positive strains was remarkably lower than that of the mefEermB gene positive strains(100%) and the ermB gene positive strains(97.7%)(P0.05).All the data mentioned above demonstrated that erythromycin is not an appropriate antibiotic to treat the infectious diseases caused by S.pneumoniae.Moreover,ermB is the predominant erythromycin resistance gene in S.pneumoniae isolates and ermB gene could inspire stronger erythromycin resistance than mefE gene.


This work deals with the behavior - in the L[sub 2] norm - of the condition number and distribution of the L[sub 2] singular values of the preconditioned operators B[sub h][sup [minus]1]A[sub h] and A[sub h]B[sub h][sup [minus]1][sub h], where A[sub h] and B[sub h] are finite element discretizations of second-order elliptic operators, A and B. In an earlier work, Manteuffel and Parter proved that B[sub h][sup [minus]1]A[sub h] (A[sub h]B[sub h][sup [minus]1]) have a uniformly bounded L[sub 2] condition number if and only if A[sup *] and B[sup *] (A and B) have the same boundary conditions. This earlier work used the H[sub 2] regularity of A and B, as well as optimal L[sub 2] error estimates and a quasi-uniform grid for the finite element spaces. In the present paper, the authors first extend these condition number results to the case in which neither H[sub 2] regularity (and hence optimal L[sub 2] error estimates) nor the quasi-uniformity assumption need to be satisfied. Instead, it is assumed that the principle part of the preconditioning operator B is a scalar multiple, 1/[mu], of the principle part of A.


Muscle scars on internal molds of the Early Cambrian bivalve Pojetaia runnegari help confirm P. A. Jell's suggestion that it is closely related to Ordovician and younger palaeotaxodonts. Characters which differentiate Pojetaia from Ordovician palaeotaxodonts and which have been used to unite it with the only other known Cambrian bivalve, Fordilla, probably result from its very small size (ca. 1 mm). The bivalve order Fordilloida, proposed initially for Fordilla and subsequently expanded to include Pojetaia, is no longer useful, since the latter genus can be referred to the Family Praenuculidae of the palaeotaxodont order Nuculoida, and the former genus seems to be a modiomorphid mytiloid. Both Pojetaia and Fordilla have long stratigraphic ranges: Pojetaia from late Tommotian to the end of the Early Cambrian, and Fordilla from about early Atdabanian to late Early Cambrian. Pojetaia was a tropical animal of the northern hemisphere which burrowed in carbonate muds and appears to have been an 'inhalent deposit feeder.' It grew to a mean size of 1.2 mm, probably in less than a year, and its larval development seems to have been lecithotrophic but not direct. Although only phosphatic replicas of the outer and inner shell surfaces are recovered from acid residues, there is good evidence that Pojetaia had a shell composed of a single layer of spherulitic aragonite prisms which was covered by the periostracum. In this and other respects, Pojetaia is a very primitive mollusc. It and Fordilla are suitable ancestors for most of the known higher taxa


The article deals with the results of the analysis of long-term studies on the study of soil-protective, water efficiency technologies for the cultivation of crops on eroded soils. For the conditions of irrigated and erosion impacted typical loamy soils of a Chirchik-Angren valley, the law of a pliability of the typical loamy soils impacted by erosion is revealed depening on the form of furrows and the size of a jet. The optimum forms of the furrow and size of a jet are determined for condition of typical loamy soils at growing potatoes. The influence of the form of furrow on the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, common phosphorus in a liquid and firm drain is established the losses of nutritious substances with a liquid and firm drain are revealed depending on elements of irrigation technology. The growth and development of the potatoes is studied. The economic efficiency is determined at cultivation of a potatoes on typical erosion demaged loamy soils.


The particular social situation in the late Eastern Han Dynasty helped awaken literati's sense of life manifested in poems.The "Three Caos",i.e.,Cao Cao,Cao Pi,and Cao Zhi,were the most representative of all in this era.Their sense of life exceeded the limits of moaning about the short duration of biological life-form,while the pursuit of value of one's own eternal social life was paid a great tribute to.Such level-headed cognition of life functioned as the turning point with a positive impact on the literati's emotion of life that afterwards became the unfailing theme of the Chinese ancient poetry.


of this land and just how susceptible a staple-based economy is to both internal and external agents of change. The consequences for material wellbeing can be catastrophic, and certainly 'the exodus' of the late nineteenth century is a telling example of the human hardships that have plagued the Maritimes in general throughout he region's development. The chapters on staple production are useful but rather traditional economic history. Their strength lies in the comprehensive way that Hornsby systematically records the geographical patterns and changing structure of these industries; greater reward would fall, I think, from a more critical analysis of the factors of production labour, technology, and entrepreneurship that guided staple development. It would also have been useful to know more about the lives of the individuals who took up employment in these sectors, and I hope this aspect will be taken up in subsequent research. Hornsby can be faulted more properly for not giving stronger attention to the urban fact on Cape Breton. His cross-sectional chapters do allude, ultimately all too briefly, to the character of urbanization, giving the initial impression that an urban presence was important in shaping the character of the region. Towns and cities did play important roles in structuring the space economy of the island and in linking the region to the North Atlantic economy; and more analysis of their changing landscapes, economies, and social structures would have strengthened the book. In his conclusion, Hornsby makes an argument that should receive considerable debate in the literature on nineteenth-century Canadian development. He suggests that the Cape Breton experience is applicable to the settlement of all Canada. But can the limited range of immigrant groups, the particular mix of staples, and the specific nature of the land base that define Cape Breton be translated into the general Canadian experience? Surely the encounters, for example, of Native people with Europeans in the Canadian West helped to shape a regional identity distinct from that of Cape Breton? But such debate is the stuff of good books. Stephen Hornsby has researched and written a book that will have lasting significance in the historiography of Canada's settlement experience. It deserves to be read and discussed by scholars from a variety of historically oriented disciplines. L.D. MCCANN University of Victoria


Mitomycin C, an antineoplastic antibiotic, and gentamicin showed a dose-related protective effect in mice against a lethal staphylococcal infection when used singly. A combination of these two drugs was shown to be synergistic in the mouse model. A specific logistic regression analysis method confirmed that a synergistic bactericidal effect was obtained with the combination.


PURPOSE: A highly efficient washing induction conveying unit using a wire connection type roller is provided to realize stable conveying operation of a substrate and an optimal spraying of jetting liquid by utilizing a designated space so that the jetting liquid reaches a surface of a substrate without having any interference with other components. CONSTITUTION: One pair of supports(10) is separately arranged with each other. A bottom rotation conveying unit(20) includes a bottom shaft(21), a bottom conveying roller(22), and a bottom connection member(23). A top rotation conveying unit(30) includes a top shaft(31) and one pair of top conveying rollers(32) connected with both sides of the top shaft. A driving unit(40) conveys a conveying object between the bottom rotation conveying unit and the top rotation conveying unit. An interlocking unit(60) delivers power of the driving unit to a relay shaft(51).


Background: Fingertip injuries are extremely common. Out of the various available reconstructive options, one needs to select an option which achieves a painless fingertip with durable and sensate skin cover. The present analysis was conducted to evaluate the management and outcome of fingertip injuries. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 150 cases of fingertip Injuries of patients aged six to 65 years managed over a period of two years. Various reconstructive options were considered for the fingertip lesions greater than or equal to 1 cm2. The total duration of treatment varied from two to six weeks with follow-up from two months to one year. Results: The results showed preservation of finger length and contour, retention of sensation and healing without significant complication. Conclusion: The treatment needs to be individualized and all possible techniques of reconstruction must be known to achieve optimal recovery.


Nowadays the technological advance has allowed the design and development of different equipment and complex medical devices for the control, diagnosis and analysis of biological signals in the human body, the cost of each equipment and medical dispositive depends of de degree of complexity and need of the athletes.

The system is characterized by monitoring vital signs such as heart rate and body in athletes in the background, with the use of modern electronic components that will be in contact with the skin of the athlete, using radio frequency transceivers, for the wireless transmission and reception of information collected in real time, to the laptop so that the coach or medical staff can visualize the vital signs. In order to avoid collapses in the health of the athletes during the training and competition on the track.

The project focuses on safeguarding the health and life of athletes, by measuring basic physiological parameters (heart rate-body temperature) and being able to notify physicians or coaches of any change in athletes' conditions.


A kind of new-style TiB_2-based cemented carbides was investigated to meet the needs of cutter, mould, wear-resistant parts and so on. VC was added into TiB_2-Fe-Mo alloys, which was produced by the conventional crafts in cemented carbides. The effect of the content of VC on the new alloy's grain size and properties was studied. For the alloys with the addition of 0.5% VC,the superfine crystal grain of TiB_2 increased from 38.94% to 59.39%; the bend strength in 800 ℃ decreased by 7.3% compared with in room temperature; the resistance to wear increased 53.8%; and the oxidation resistance increased 60%. The results showed that the addition of VC in proper quantities can improve the resistance to wear, high-temperature strength, high-temperature inoxidizability, and the addition of VC can restrain the growing of crystal grain and make the hard phase homogeneous and refine.


Based on the needs of system control strategy and the output of the active inverter, a switch function method was adopted to build the average model of switch cycle for the active inverter in order to accurately analyze operation characteristic of active inverter, a feed forward and double loop control strategy is put forward, its double control includes a inductor current inner loop control and instantaneous voltage outer loop control. The simulation result shows that the system can achieve good sinusoidal output waveform, fast dynamic response and high precision of output current.


The article is devoted to the problems of formation and development of sectoral corporate clusters and the infrastructure security of their formation and development in the system of the national economy. The role of the innovation infrastructure in the development of the national economy was determined, and a model was proposed for transferring the innovative product from the developer to the real economy. The main components of the production and infrastructure security of business entities when deploying an innovative business development model were outlined.


Waqf estates development refers to a form of development that aims to increase the productivity of waqf estates in order to create more sustainable benefits over a long period of time. The lack of funding in waqf estates development has hindered efforts to develop waqf estates productively. One of the strategies utilized by the Islamic Religious Council (MAIN) to overcome this problem is acquiring cooperation from outsiders. This cooperation is conducted by applying musyarakah funding, mudarabah and others strategy. Penang is one of the few states that are progressive in developing waqf estate productively using the musyarakah funding method. Based on this phenomenon, this study is conducted to achieve two goals. First, to identify development projects on waqf land in Penang that applies the musyarakah method. Second, to analyse the effect of the implementation of such methods in increasing productivity of the waqf estates. This study is conducted qualitatively involving data collection methods from document sources and in-depth interviews with MAINPP waqf officers. Meanwhile, the data analysis of the study is done by content analysis. The findings exposed that there are two development projects in Penang that apply musyarakah method by MAINPP namely Seetee Aisah Waqf Housing in Seberang Jaya, Penang and Khan Mohammad Waqf Housing in Penang. The analysis finds that the application of musyarakah method succeeds in increasing both the productivity of Seete Aisah waqf estate and Khan Mohammad Waqf Estate as the benefit of the development can be utilized continuously. © 2019 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


There are five ethics principles in the ICAS Code of Ethics. In this video, we examine 'professional competence and due care'.


This research aims to discuss the problems raised from Kartini magazine's rubric "Oh Mama Oh Papa". It illustrates testimonial narratives chiefly about women abused by patriarchal men and reflects how patriarchy hands more advantages to men. It is treacherous because women have the capability to become mother. They are the ones with the privilege to educate the next generation. A patriarchal oppression may impede the notion of motherhood. Therefore the issue that will be conversed is the relation between patriarchy and the act of mothering and its impact on the notion of motherhood. In examining the problem, the writer uses a qualitative method by elaborating events and conflicts in "Oh Mama Oh Papa". In addition the writer applies feminist theory related with mothering and the theory of domestic violence and its effects. The analysis finds that patriarchy subjugates the act of mothering through the myths of motherhood, mother blaming, the double burdens of working mothers and alienation of women. Furthermore, the patriarchal abuse might lead into trauma that amends the mothering pattern. It could fortify the bond between mother-children, since they are both victim of patriarchy, but it could also weaken the mother-children bond. It emerges because a traumatized mother is unconsciously conveying her trauma onto her children


A novel instantaneous frequency measurement using all optical mixing is demonstrated. This system can provide RF frequency measurement while requiring no high speed electronic components and remoting all components of the measurement system to the receiver.


Automatic identification system is a kind of multi-disciplinary system,including computer technology and the information gathering processing technology and the wireless data transmission technology and so on.Identification Friend or Foe System(IFF)has independent capability in recognition and tracking.Automatic identification technology has been discussed in detail,including its concept,function,characteristics and classification.In this paper,it analyzes the current situation,development and application of automatic identification technology in military domain.


The Garrigues territorial quality label (Les Garrigues D.O.) is located in the southern part of Lleida (Catalonian. Spain). The most oil produced in this D.O. corresponds to extra virgin classification and it has a distinctive sensorial quality, as a consecuence of olive cultivar («Arbequina» cv) and the careful elaboration of oil. The new cultural technologies applied to the olive tree cultivar and.the new technologies of olive oil extraction have made necessary the study of oil composition and quality during consecutive harvests, to know if the quality could be afected. The objective of this work is the characterization of virgin olive oils (67 samples from 13 olive mills) during the 1995/96 harvest. Analytical controls show that the mean acidity index is 0.17% in oleic acid, the mean peroxide value is 6.9 meq oxygene active/kg of oil and the mean K 270 of 0.21; these quality parameters fulfill the policy values of «Les Garrigues» D.O. The mean polyphenol content is 152 ppm expressed as cafeic acid, with a great variability among olive mills. As harvesting time progresses, the concentration of pigments in olive oil decreases. The concentration of chlorophyl and that of carotenoid pigments at the begin of the harvest is 15 and 12.6 mg/kg of oil respectively and at the end of the period they are 6 and 4.6 mg/kg of oil respectively. The oil color, expressed as visual ABT index and the chromatic ordinates CIELAB, lies within the yellow zone and does not vary along the harvest season.


[1] This is the second paper in a two-part series on a newly developed imaging approach for small-scale heterogeneities (<1 km) in the crust with effects of scattering modes. In the present paper, we estimated a detail three-dimensional spatial distribution of small-scale heterogeneities around the Nagamachi-Rifu fault, northeastern Japan, in a frequency range of 2-16 Hz, using the imaging approach presented in the first paper. We used seismograms recorded by dense three-component seismic arrays that were deployed in this region for 15 explosion sources. As one of our important results, there are concentrations for only P-S but not P-P scatterers near the surface trace of the fault. P-S scatterers in a frequency range of 8-16 Hz are localized near the surface trace of the fault, implying the possibility of strong heterogeneities with a size of 0.08 km there. In the Shirasawa caldera region, the characteristics of seismic scatterers seem to convert from large P-S to large P-P relative scattering coefficients with its transition depth range of 5-8 km. This feature implies that the materials composed of seismic scatterers may show a systematic variation with depth. Finally, the strength of scattering coefficients is rather weak in the coseismic area of the 15 September 1998 earthquake with a magnitude of 5.2, the largest recent event in this area. This result suggests that this coseismic area is rather homogeneous and can hold local stress larger than in the surrounding portions of the fault system.


Abstract : Self-directed learning is that type of learning which is not structured for the student by an instructor. Instead, the student must structure his learning himself by making decisions about which materials are relevant to his learning goals, which materials require the prior understanding of which other meterials, and so on. A computer-based system has been developed to train students in this type of learning. A revised system based on an earlier version of a computer-based self-directed learning system was developed. The improved system described herein contains features designed to make it easier for students to use. In addition, pedagogical features of the training system have been improved, to give students an opportunity to learn the system completely. An experimental test of the improved system was designed to separate out the effects of training in self-directed learning from the use of the system itself. Data were collected on four different measures of learning: effective learning, selective learning, planning, and verbal report. Results of the experiment found that there were no significant differences among treatment groups in the performance data (the first three learning measures), even though one of the experimental groups outperformed the other groups in every measure. On the measure of verbal report, however, this experimental group performed significantly better than did the control group.


Removal efficiency of activated carbon derived from the shell of Chrysophyllum albidum seed was evaluated for its ability to remove uranium from contaminated groundwater. Batch and field column experiments revealed the efficiency of the activated carbon in removing uranium from groundwater with pH range of 6.5 - 7.5 and nitrate level of 280 mg L . Equilibrium studies were conducted on the groundwater 1 spiked with uranium in the range 20 mg L . At 60 min. equilibrium time, adsorption capacity was 93.16 mg L . 1 1 The study revealed that the activated carbon is capable of removing uranium from groundwater with low to high nitrate concentrations. A field column test using groundwater containing low to high concentrations of nitrogen revealed that the activated carbon was able to remove up to 93 % of the uranium from the feed when 2 g of the carbon was used. Fourier Transforms infrared spectroscopy studies were performed for the characterization of the activated carbon. The experimental data were found to be in good agreement with the isotherm models of Fredunlich and Langmuir. Thermodynamic studies gave G and H negative response. Adsorption data fitted well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model.


Considering the defects of the Distance Vector-Hop (DV-Hop) localization algorithm making errors and having error accumulation in wireless sensor network (WSN), we proposed a new DV-Hop localization algorithm based on half-measure weighted centroid. This algorithm followed the two-dimensional position distribution, designed the minimum communication radius, and formed a reasonable network connectivity firstly. Then, the algorithm corrected the distance between the beacon node and its neighbour node to form a more accurate jump distance so that the shortest path can be optimized. Finally, we theorized the proposed localization algorithm and verified it in simulation experiments, including same communication radius, different communication radii, and different node densities in same communication radius, and have compared the localization error and localization accuracy, respectively, between the proposed algorithm and the DV-Hop localization algorithm. The experiment's result shows that the proposed localization algorithm have reduced the localization's average error and improved the localization's accuracy.


The invention relates to a method producing a safety element used on value files, checks or similar objects. The method comprises producing a strip (1) having a plurality of first componenets for production of a plurality of sfaety elements, conveying the strip (1) along a path, and placing a plurality of second components of the sfaety element to the strip (1)on the tail end of the path.The strip can transversely extends differnet from longitudinal and axis lines of the strip on the path (S) based on an adjustable extending roller (4), so a registration position between the first and second components can be adjusted; and the extending roller is provided with a double-axis curved external surface.


The participants of Presentation Group 1 used the GAW13 data to derive new phenotypes, which were then analyzed for linkage and, in one case, for association to the genetic markers. Since the trait measurements ranged over longer time periods, the participants looked at the time dependence of particular traits in addition to the trait itself. The phenotypes analyzed with the Framingham data can be roughly divided into 1) body weight‐related traits, which also include a type 2 diabetes progression trait, and 2) traits related to systolic blood pressure. Both trait classes are associated with metabolic syndrome. For traits related to body weight, linkage was consistently identified by at least two participating groups to genetic regions on chromosomes 4, 8, 11, and 18. For systolic blood pressure, or its derivatives, at least two groups obtained linkage for regions on chromosomes 4, 6, 8, 11, 14, 16, and 19. Five of the 13 participating groups focused on the simulated data. Due to the rather sparse grid of microsatellite markers, an association analysis for several traits was not successful. Linkage analysis of hypertension and body mass index using LODs and heterogeneity LODs (HLODs) had low power. For the glucose phenotype, a combination of random coefficient regression models and variance component linkage analysis turned out to be strikingly powerful in the identification of a trait locus simulated on chromosome 5. Haseman‐Elston regression methods, applied to the same phenotype, had low power, but the above‐mentioned chromosome 5 locus was not included in this analysis. Genet Epidemiol 25 (Suppl. 1):S5–S17, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract From a small beginning in the colonial period the City Super-intedency of Schools has grown to its present enormous, complexly integrated proportions by means of numerous forces and many devious meanderings. While the following data refer chiefly to records of Massachusetts, their implications are deemed applicable to the nation as a whole, since many of the present forms of educational ideas and institutions grew out of these movements in the seventeenth and eighteen centuries.


Abstract Disruption of the microbial structure of intestinal bacteria due to a high‐fat diet (HFD) is closely associated with metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Probiotics are known to modulate the gut microbiota; therefore, we demonstrated the capability of Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 (LC‐N1115) to attenuate obesity. Four‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD for 12 weeks to induce obesity and were then randomized to supplemented placebo or LC‐N1115 treatment group for another 12 weeks. LC‐N1115 treatment reduced weight gain and liver fat accumulation as well as triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The administration of LC‐N1115 suppressed the expression of fatty acid synthase, interleukin‐1 β, and toll‐like receptor 4. Notably, the operational taxonomic units that negatively and positively correlated with the obesity phenotypes were enriched and reduced, respectively, in the LC‐N1115 treatment group. These results indicate that LC‐N1115 attenuates obesity by modulating the gut microbiota and the expression of lipid synthesis and proinflammatory cytokine genes.


Objective: To evaluate the reliability, reproducibility, and intra- and interobserver correlation of eight tomographic methods used for assessing the reduction of the syndesmosis in high fractures of the fibula.Methods: A total of seven patients were selected. Eight tomographic methods of measurement were used in the axial plane of the ankle at 1cm proximal to the articular surface. Three orthopaedists from the surgical team were chosen to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of the measurements. Preoperative and postoperative tomography was used, and measurements were made at two distinct time points, with an interval of 2 months between them. All correlations were assessed using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Method 3 (Zwipp) had ICC values >0.75 (excellent) in all measures by all examiners. Method 4 (Phisitkul) presented ICC values >0.95 (excellent) for the interobserver comparisons at the two time points. In the intraobserver comparison, method 4 had an ICC of 0.49 (satisfactory) in two preoperative evaluations, and the other comparisons presented an ICC >0.76 (excellent). Conclusion: The Zwipp and Phisitkul measurements presented high reliability and reproducibility and are useful for evaluating rotational andtranslational movements of the fibula at the level of the syndesmosis, respectively.
Level of Evidence III; Therapeutic Studies; Comparative Retrospective Study.


Background. The prognostic prediction after radical resection of Adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) has not been well established. We aimed to establish a prognostic model for AEG(type II and III) based on routine markers. Methods. 355 patients who underwent curative AEG at the first affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2010 to January 2011 were included in this study. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to screen for risk factors. The construction of the nomogram was based on Cox proportional hazard regression models. The new score models was analyzed by C index and Calibration curves. Results. Multivariate analysis showed that TNM stage, NLR and BMI were independent prognostic factors. The new score system had a higher C-index, and the Calibration curves of the nomogram were reliable. Conclusions. Based on the serum markers and other clinical indicators, we developed a precise model to predict the prognosis of patients with AEG(type II and III). This score system can provide effective help for surgeons and patients.


Current conversational recommender systems are unable to offer guarantees on the quality of their recommendations due to a lack of principled user utility models. We develop an approach to recommender systems that incorporates an explicit utility model into the recommendation process in a decision-theoretically sound fashion. The system maintains explicit constraints on user utility based on preferences revealed by the user's actions. We investigate a new decision criterion, setwise minimax regret (SMR), for constructing optimal recommendation sets: we develop algorithms for computing SMR, and prove that SMR determines choice sets for queries that are myopically optimal. This provides a natural basis for generating compound critiques in conversational recommender systems. Our simulation results suggest that this utility-theoretically sound approach to user modeling allows much more effective navigation of a product space than traditional approaches based on, for example, heuristic utility models and product similarity measures.


Objective To review the experience of surgical treatment for constrictive pericarditis.Methods A retrospecive analysis was compiled of 72 patients who diagnosed constrictive pericarditis between July1996 and July2004 and the literatures were reviewed.Results Seventy-two cases of patients admitted operatting 57 were cured(79.2%), 10 improved(13.9%) and 2 showed no effect(2.8%), 3 patients died( 4.1%).Conclusion Surgical intervention is the most effective method for constrictive pericarditis.Early operation and proper perioperative management are critical to increase the curative effect and reduce the mortality in hospital.


Hermann Moll was an international arms dealer who became enmeshed in the Iran-Contra affair. When he was caught he protested that Washington had sanctioned his deals, but only when the Iran-Contra scandal broke was he believed. The book describes the world of the arms dealers, the enormity of the deals made, the corruption inherent in the system and the people he dealt with.


The development of the Internet technology is very fasr today, and alsothe E-learning development. The need of E-learning is designed with the E-learning application based on Web. The problems are how the E-learning systems can be interaction with the another systems, which the data structure and application are different. The difficulties are how to access those systems with it depends on the learning materialss. So it needs the program to interaction the systems. This research is to solve the problem for accessing inter the E-learning systems. The solving problems is how to access the inter E-learning, with adopting the Web Service concept. The Web Service is designed and used the XML format, and it uses to build the publication in XML fomat. Reading that description, the access system can be used to build the own application without knowing the other access application. And by using the Web Service, the accessing the application can be done. Key Words : E-Learning, Web Services, XML.


Review of: Gothic Metaphysics: From Alchemy to the Anthropocene, Jodey Castricano (2021)
 Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 282 pp.,
 ISBN 978-1-78683-794-3, h/bk, USD 88


This thesis treats the subject of applying human motion models to create estimators for the input signals of human operators controlling a telerobotic system.In telerobotic systems, the control sig ...


This study aims to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of investment opportunity set, debt policy, and firm size on dividend policy. The population in the study are mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period 2015-2017. Samples collected using purposive sampling method. A total of 14 (fourteen) companies were selected as samples. Types of associative research and testing tools using SPSS 20. Result of this research indicate that the independent variable of invesment opportunity set the, debt policy, and size measure of company masing-masingnya own the relation. Invesment Opportunity Set to dividend policy is positive strength with the correlation value 0,714. Policy Owe to dividend policy with the criterion is with the value 0,546 and Size measure of company with the weak relation with the value 0,303. While Invesment Opportunity Set to policy Owe with the value 0,454 with the relation is and also Relation of Invesment Opportunity Set The Invesment Opportunity Set to size measure of company with the value 0,717 with the Strong Relation. While Policy Relation Owe with the criterion is with the value 0,584. All the the relation own the small value signifikansi from 0,05 (significance). The influence on the independent variable investment opportunity set, debt policy, and company size simultaneously influence dividend policy. Meanwhile, the investment opportunity set and debt policy have a positive influence on dividend policy. While the size of the company has a negative influence on dividend policy. The results of the coefficient of determination show that 75,10% of the remaining 24,10% is explained by other variables not included in this study


In some situations such as DC island operation with blocking faults or faults occurring in the island operation of small and medium-sized hydropower stations, the system frequency will have significant deviations. These frequency deviations can lead to electrical measurement errors. The paper studies the influence of frequency deviation on the operation behavior of transformer differential protection. Firstly, the characteristic coefficient of the recovery inrush current amplitude was theoretically calculated when the system frequency deviated. Then, the effect of the Fourier algorithm on calculating the second harmonic content caused by frequency deviation was derived under the condition of no inrush current. Finally, the influence of frequency deviation on transformer differential protection was analyzed under the two conditions of no inrush current and recovery inrush. The theoretical research and simulation analysis show that when the frequency increases but there is no inrush current, the frequency deviation maybe cause the action of the second harmonic braking element to lock the transformer differential protection. If an internal fault occurs, it will lead to refused operation of transformer differential protection. When the frequency decreases and recovery inrush current occur, the magnetic flux increases and the inrush current amplitude also increases, which may lead to mal-operation of the differential protection.


Primates Theological Commission, Anglican Church of Canada. Turning to God: Anglicans Talk about Sin, Grace, and the Christian Life. Wrestling with God, book 2. Toronto: Anglican Book Centre, 2002. 106 pp. CDN$18.95 (paper). As I write this review, coalition forces have just completed day ten of the new war in the Persian Gulf; an atypical pneumonia is terrorizing people across the continent; and the memories of September 11 are still with us. I cannot think of a better way for the Primate's Theological Commission to proceed in their publishing series than with their newest edition: Turning to God: Anglicans Talk about Sin, Grace, and the Christian Life. Like its predecessor, this book is roughly divided into three sections: the introduction; three chapters entitled "Sin and Grace," "Nourished by Grace," and "How Then Should We Live?"; and a section with suggestions for use of the book, a bibliography, and a short biography of the contributors. While the first book in this series dealt with God's revelation to us, the second book focuses on our response to God in light of God's continued revelation and love. It allows for discussion about the human condition, the Christian life, individual and communal conversion, and the role of the church. This book is very similar in structure to the first (with some deviations which I will discuss below), and it will be easy for groups or individuals to pick up and follow on in the series. What is most impressive about this volume is that it does not fall into the trap of dwelling upon the subject of sin ad nauseum. The temptation might have been to spend an inordinate amount of time dealing with the issue of sin, suffering, and evil. Instead only a very small section, compiled of three short essays, is devoted to this in the book. Perhaps the editors realized that we were well enough aware of the presence of sin and evil in the world, and only needed some examples of a structured way to discuss it; or perhaps, as I once heard in a fine sermon, there is a reality that is often forgotten, and it is that humans have a finite ability to sin, but God has an infinite ability for grace, and we need to acknowledge the balance. Either way, the editors made the decision to both spend more time on grace and our response to grace, and also to reflect upon the essence of the church and its sacraments as a vehicle for this grace. This is what gives this volume a distinctive flavor. While book 1 simply lays out a series of essays and asks the reader to discuss the topics-to do theology-this volume takes the time to lay out a series of teachings-a kind of didactic time-out. And this is not the only time in the book that a "time out" seems to occur. In the third group of essays in the book we find "Contextual Theology," a discussion which invites us to enter into an exercise concerning financial stewardship, a dialogue about residential schools, and a discussion about the Saskatchewan farm crisis. …


Current treatments for prostate cancer (PCa) are primarily based on use of anti-androgen agents to prevent disease progression and bone lesions. However, metastatic PCa (mPCa) continues to progress in an androgen-independent manner, and consequently, bone and muscle tissues deteriorate, often resulting in severe pain and fragility. Adult stem cells have been used in regenerative medicine approaches for many years for treating human diseases through gene therapy. We have demonstrated for nearly two decades that a population of slow-adhering myogenic progenitor cells, called muscle progenitor cells (MPCs), has tremendous ability to regenerate bone, skeletal muscle, cartilage, nerve, and cardiac muscle after injury. However, to date, the potential therapeutic use of MPCs in cancers has not yet been investigated. We hypothesized that MPCs can inhibit proliferation and survival of PCa cells and increase docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity of the PCa cells. Moreover, MPCs may be effective in decreasing PCa-induced skeletal lesions and promote bone and muscle tissue repair. The objective of this study was to evaluate the paracrine roles of secreted factors from MPCs with respect to proliferation and survival of PCa cells. Here we showed that co-culture of PC3 and C42B cells with MPCs in transwell inserts strongly decreased PCa cell proliferation and survival by activating CDK inhibitors (p16 and p27) and apoptotic BBC3 and NOXA genes. Analysis of factors secreted by MPCs using ELISA protein array and mass spectrometry identified several proteins with known antiproliferative functions, including IGFBP6/7, pigment epithelium-derived factor, HPCAL1, NO, and SPARC. Additionally, conditioned media (CM) from MPCs increased the docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity of both androgen-dependent and -independent PCa cells. Molecular analysis also showed decreased expression of AR, MLL, FOXA1, TWF1, and TGIF1, which are known oncogenic regulators of PCa progression. Since metastatic PCa causes both osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions through the secretion of RANKL and BMPs, respectively, we then showed that treatment of PCa cells with OPG and noggin, antagonists of RANKL and BMPs, respectively, inhibited their cell proliferation. Further, CM from PCa cells pretreated with noggin and OPG resulted in decreased osteoblast activity in primary osteoblasts and decreased osteoclast activity in macrophage cells, respectively, when compared to CM from untreated PCa cells. These results suggest that noggin and OPG could be used as therapeutic proteins for reducing PCa-induced skeletal lesions through MPC gene delivery. Taken together, our data suggest that use of adult stem cell-based therapy along with current chemotherapy agents (e.g., docetaxel) is a promising effective strategy for treatment of PCa and preventing metastatic skeletal lesions. Citation Format: Krishna M. Sinha, Rozita Yarmand, Reid Andrew, Johnny Huard. Adult myogenic stem cells inhibit prostate cancer cell proliferation and increase docetaxel-mediated cell toxicity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 161.


This RLS Lattice algorithm is developed by using vector space treatment with the introduction of Forgetting Factor such that it offers fast convergence and good error performance in the presence of noise. A linear Adaptive filter using this algorithm is developed which has advantage that we can directly add the next stage to the existing previous filter stage without changing the previous filter coefficients to obtain the higher order filter. An audio signal with Gauss White noise is simulated in the noise cancellation system on MATLAB platform. This algorithm has very less computational complexity since it does not include any inverse matrix calculation which is highly efficient. The experimental resultdemonstrates the importance of using newly updated iterations for the sensitivity of the noise estimation algorithm performance by introducing the forgetting factor in this algorithm. Keywords— Adaptive filters, RLS Algorithm, Adaptive noise cancellation, Vector space


Figure of speech is mostly classified in accordance with its forming parts,therefore Mr.Chen Wangdao classifies it into simile,metaphor and metonymy.However,from the perspective of cognition,the author of the paper,by using"concrete/abstract" and "known/unknown"as axis,classified figures of speech into 8 types.


This paper examines the dynamics of COMESA output connectedness with the global economy from 1970Q1 to 2016Q4 using the Diebold and Yilmaz (2009) network approach. The results indicate that COMESA's output connectedness with the rest of the world is quite sizeable, with a total connectedness index of 73%. The results also show that the USA, EU, Japan, China, Canada, Indonesia and UK exert the most dominant output influence on COMESA region and therefore have the potential to spread output shocks to it. The results further indicate that the roles of nonCOMESA African economies in COMESA's real activities are minimal relative to idiosyncratic conditions and contributions from the rest of the global economy. Overall, we find that COMESA economies are considerably open, deeply interconnected and sensitive to international output shocks such that policymakers in COMESA must be constantly conscious of output headwinds originating from the aforementioned sources.


ABSTRACT: Striped bonito Sarda orientalis larvae and juveniles were reared in a laboratory from hatching to 14 days post hatching, and the development of their digestive system was investigated histologically. On day 2 (first feeding day), the larval-type digestive system was differentiated. On day 3, a blind sac with densely distributed gastric glands developed and pyloric ceca appeared, suggesting that the digestive system was attaining adult-type structure. The yolk was completely absorbed on day 4. Bonito larvae preyed on rotifers and/or Artemia nauplii on day 2, but almost the whole gut was occupied by fish larvae from day 4. In the striped bonito, the adult-type digestive system was established right after first feeding, and this precocious development was well synchronized with the appearance of piscivory.


BACKGROUND
Previous research indicates college students report heavier drinking on certain events (e.g., 21st birthday). While past research has identified heavier drinking events, students' own reports of what events are associated with elevated drinking remains understudied. The current study utilized mixed methods to explore potential high-risk drinking events for college student drinkers and how these events differed from typical drinking and each other.

METHODS
College student drinkers (N=204) reported number of drinks consumed on nine predetermined events (e.g., Halloween). Students also responded to open-ended questions listing five events during which they had elevated drinking, and indicating amount consumed on each event. Open-ended responses were coded into similar event categories. Descriptive statistics for drinks consumed were calculated for predetermined and coded open-ended events. Chi-square analyses assessed differences in endorsement of open-ended events by birth sex, age, and Greek membership. Two multilevel count regressions assessed within-person differences in number of drinks consumed between participants' typical drinking occasions and 1) highly endorsed open-ended events and 2) predetermined events.

RESULTS
For all open-ended event categories, average number of drinks consumed exceeded heavy episodic drinking thresholds; however, there was substantial variability. Comparing predetermined events to participants' typical drinking indicated elevated drinking on participants' birthdays, New Year's Eve, Halloween, Finals, and Spring Break; significant differences between events also emerged. Comparison of open-ended categories to participants' typical drinking indicated elevated drinking on birthdays, celebrations, parties, and holidays; however, there were no significant differences between open-ended events.

CONCLUSIONS
Students who drink alcohol report heavier drinking on specific calendar-based events (e.g., Spring Break). However, students also report non-calendar related events (e.g., non-specific parties) as some of their highest drinking events. More research is needed to understand how intervention and prevention programs can be adapted to target both known calendar-based high-risk drinking events, and unknown, idiosyncratic high-risk drinking events.


To investigate the effects of cysteamine on antioxidant ability of mice,mice were orally administrated with 50 mg/kg body weight cysteamine hydrochloride and 100 mg/kg body weight cysteamine hydrochloride respectively.Kits were used to detect the level of MDA and activities of SOD and GSH-Px in plasma,liver and brain from mice.Results showed that CS increased significantly levels of SOD in three tissues or organs,upregulated obviously activity of GSH-Px in plasma but did not modify activity of GSH-Px in liver and brain.In addition,concentrations of MDA were decreased significantly in all tissues and organs by CS.These data implied that CS could improve antioxidant parameters and enhance antioxidant ability in mice.


Objective To investigate the resistance,resistant genes and the expression of outer membrane proteins(OMP) of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB).Methods Sixty-four CRAB strains from the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College were collected,and their antibiotic sensitivity was detected by the agar dilution method,carbapenemase by the modified Hodge test and crude enzyme solution hydrolysis substrate method,metallo-β-lactamase(MBL) by the EDTA-Na2-disk synergy test,main carbapenemase genes by PCR and DNA sequencing,homology analysis by the enterobacteriaceae repetitive intergenic consensus(ERIC)-polymerase chain reaction(PCR),the transmission of resistant genes by the conjugation test,and the expression of OMP by the sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE).Results All of 64 CRAB strains were sensitive to polymyxin B(100%),and had negative modified Hodge test and EDTA-Na2-disk synergy test and weakly positive crude enzyme solution hydrolysis substrate test.Compared with carbapenem-sensitive strains,all of CRAB strains were detected OXA-23 gene by PCR.ERICPCR showed that all of CRAB strains could be divided into 4 types,and 40 strains belonged to type I,in which 30 were from intensive care units(ICU).The conjugation test failed.OMP analysis showed that a protein with a relative molecular mass(Mr) of 27 000 was absent and a new protein with a Mr of 30 000 present.Conclusion There was an epidemic of CRAB in the ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical college,and the development of CRAB might be related to the expression of OXA-23 gene and the loss and appearance of OMP.


We refer to the real Jordan Banach algebra of bounded Hermitian operators on a Hilbert space as a Hermitian algebra. We define an abstract Hermitian algebra (AH-algebra) to be the directed group of an e-ring that contains a semitransparent element, has the quadratic annihilation property, and satisfies a Vigier condition on pairwise com- muting ascending sequences. All of this terminology is explicated in this article, where we launch a study of AH-algebras. Here we establish the fundamental properties of AH-algebras, including the existence of polar decompositions and spectral resolutions, and we show that two elements of an AH-algebra commute if and only if their spectral projec- tions commute. We employ spectral resolutions to assess the structure of maximal pairwise commuting subsets of an AH-algebra.


In this literature survey the effects of speed restrictions on traffic and accidents are discussed. Traffic data usually relate to speed and traffic volume. The influence of speed limits on vehicle speeds and the survival of the speed restrictions depend on level of speed limit, design of the road etc. The main influence is found to be on the highest speeds. The effects on accidents are discussed: numbers of accidents and injured persons for different kinds of speed restrictions, degrees of seriousness and types of accidents, effects on different roads and in different seasons. The results of most experiments seem to indicate that suitable speed limits have an accident-reducing effect. Economical consequences of speed restrictions are discussed. Recommendations for future applications of speed limits in Sweden are given./TRRL/


Compared to intentional word learning, incidental word learning better motivates learners, integrates development of more language skills, and provides richer contexts. The effectiveness of incidental word learning tasks can also be increased by employing materials that learners are more familiar with or interested in. Here, the authors present a framework to generate incidental word learning tasks via load-based profiles measured through the involvement load hypothesis, and topic-based profiles obtained from social media. They also conduct an experiment on real participants and find that the proposed framework promotes more effective and enjoyable word learning than intentional word learning. This article is part of a special issue on social media for learning.


B030 INSPECTION OF ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES WITH INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL METHODOLOGIES AND INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY Abstract 1 The attention of this paper was focused on the detection of moisture and local inhomogeneities inside architectural structures with electrical methodologies and infrared thermography. To this end a suitable specimen was fabricated using a mixture of sand water and concrete and with slag inclusions. To monitor the moisture variation with time in concrete nondestructive evaluation with both the techniques was made three months after the specimen fabrication and repeated again six months later. Introduction The inspection of architectural structures generally includes various targets: variations in concrete


Organic material produced from domestic food waste can be functionalized as useful product such as fish feed by fermentation process. The fermentation process changed several properties such as nutrition content and particle size. Here, we reported the effect of fermentation process on physical properties of organic material from domestic food waste. In this study, fermented product will be conducted to become fish feed. The fermentation was performed by using commercial probiotic BIOM-S with various levels of probiotic from 0 to 10% using solid substrate fermentation method. The physical properties including nutritional content, particle size, distance between particles, and functional group of fermented organic material from domestic food waste were investigated. After fermentation, it is found that the best level of probiotic use is 8%, which are crude protein increased from 15.58% to 26.16% and crude fiber content decreased from 4.88% to 3.71%. The average particle sizes and distance between particles of fermented domestic food waste fermented by 8% probiotic were 147.723 µm and 1708.802 µm, respectively, while the functional group did not change after fermentation. The present result indicated that fermentation process effected to improve the quality of organic material from domestic food waste.


Click through events in search results pages (SERPs) are not reliable implicit indicators of document relevance. A user's task and domain knowledge are key factors in recognition and link selection and the most useful SERP document links may be those that best match the user's domain knowledge. User study participants rated their knowledge of genomics MeSH terms before conducting 2004 TREC Genomics Track tasks. Each participant's document knowledge was represented by their knowledge of the indexing MeSH terms. Results show high, intermediate, and low domain knowledge groups had similar document selection SERP rank distributions. SERP link selection distribution varied when participant knowledge of the available documents was analyzed. High domain knowledge participants usually selected a document with the highest personal knowledge rating. Low domain knowledge participants were reasonably successful at selecting available documents of which they had the most knowledge, while intermediate knowledge participants often failed to do so. This evidence for knowledge effects on SERP link selection may contribute to understanding the potential for personalization of search results ranking based on user domain knowledge.


Grafting fetal ventral mesencephalon has been utilized to alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. One obstacle in using this approach is the limited outgrowth from the transplanted dopamine neurons. Thus, it is important to evaluate factors that promote outgrowth from fetal dopamine neurons. Proteoglycans (PGs) are extracellular matrix molecules that modulate neuritic growth. This study was performed to evaluate the role of PGs in dopamine nerve fiber formation in organotypic slice cultures of fetal ventral mesencephalon. Cultures were treated with the PG synthesis inhibitor methyl‐umbelliferyl‐β‐D‐xyloside (β‐xyloside) and analyzed using antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to visualize dopamine neurons, S100β to visualize astrocytes, and neurocan to detect PGs. Two growth patterns of TH‐positive outgrowth were observed: nerve fibers formed in the presence of astrocytes and nerve fibers formed in the absence of astrocytes. Treatment with β‐xyloside significantly reduced the distance of glial‐associated TH‐positive nerve fiber outgrowth but did not affect the length of the non‐glial‐associated nerve fibers. The addition of β‐xyloside shifted the nerve fiber growth pattern from being mostly glial‐guided to being non‐glial‐associated, whereas the total amount of TH protein was not affected. Further, astrocytic migration and proliferation were impaired after β‐xyloside treatment, and levels of non‐intact PG increased. β‐Xyloside treatment changed the distribution of neurocan in astrocytes, from being localized in vesicles to being diffusely immunoreactive in the processes. To conclude, inhibition of PG synthesis affects glial‐associated TH‐positive nerve fiber formation in ventral mesencephalic cultures, which might be an indirect effect of impaired astrocytic migration. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Rechargeable Na-ion batteries are considered to be a promising alternative for grid energy storage applications because of their competitive cost benefits and sustainable resource supply. O3-type-layered oxide cathodes are regarded as promising candidates for sodium-ion batteries because of the facile synthesis procedure and high energy density. Unfortunately, the practical use of O3-type cathodes is still hindered by their low chemical stability against water/moisture. Here we report that incorporating LiF into the crystal structure of the O3-layered oxide cathodes could significantly improve their chemical stability against water. As revealed by neutron powder diffraction, nanobeam diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results, the incorporation of Li+ ions in the tetrahedral sites in the Na layer notably inhibits the Na+/H3O+ exchange process and the strong oxyfluoride bonding stabilizes the crystal structure and inhibits the O loss, further suppressing the phase transitions from O3 to hydr...


ABSTRACT The US Topo is a new generation of digital topographic maps delivered by the US Geological Survey (USGS). These maps include contours in the traditional 7.5-min quadrangle format. The process for producing digital elevation contours has evolved over several years, but automated production of contours for the US Topo product began in 2010. This process, which is quite complex yet fairly elegant, automatically chooses the proper USGS quadrangle, captures the corresponding 1/3 as grid points from the national elevation data set (3D Elevation Program), and adjusts elevation data to better fit water features from the National Hydrography Dataset. After additional processing, such as identifying and tagging depressions, constructing proper contours across double-line streams, and omitting contours from water bodies, contours are automatically produced for the quadrangle. The resulting contours are then compared to the contours on the original (legacy) topographic map sheets, or to the 10-m contours from the original map sheets. Where the elevation surface used to generate the contours has been derived from the previously published contours for a quadrangle, the generated contours match the legacy contours quite well. Where newer elevation sources, such as lidar, originate the elevation surface, generated contours may vary significantly from the previous cartographically produced contours due to more accurate representations of the surface, and less reliance on cartographic interpretation.


We observe two problems in the current scheduling schemes for in-network sensor query processing: (1) A query execution plan never changes after it is injected into the network and (2) the data communication schedule rarely considers the query workload. Both problems severely hurt the performance, because the runtime dynamics, such as the wireless connectivity and the data flows, change frequently and affect the performance greatly. To address these two problems, we propose an adaptive, holistic scheduler, AHS, which schedules both the query operators and the data communication, and is able to adapt the schedules to the runtime dynamics. We have implemented AHS in nesC and have tested it on real motes as well as in simulation. Our results show that AHS improves the performance of query processing in various dynamic settings.


This paper presents the resnlts of using a new technique for shaping inputs to a model of the space slmttle l_.mote Maniplflator Sy_ tern (I_,MS). The shaped inputs move the sy_ tern to the same location that was originally commanded, however, the oscillations of the machine are considerably reduced. First, an overview of the new shaping method is presented. Second, a description of Draper Laboratories' RMS model is provided. Third, the problem of slow joint servo rates on the RMS is accommodated with an extension of the shaping method. Lastly, the reslllts and sample data are presented for both joint and threedimensional cartesian motions. The results demonstrate that the new shaping method performs well on large, telerobotic systems which exhibit significant structurM vibration. The new method will be shown to also result in considerable energy savings during operation of the RMS manipulator.


The invention relates to a money processing device. The money processing device can display the information of rejected money included in money processed by the money processing device. The money processing device for identifying and counting money is composed of an identification part used for identifying money and dividing money into normal money and rejected money, and a control part used for outputting display information including the counting result of normal money and the counting result of rejected money.


Parametric resonance is a highly nonlinear phenomenon, difficult to model and foresee, with often detrimental consequences on the power production efficiency of wave energy converters. Parametric excitation, due to time-varying parameters of the system, activates an internal excitation mechanism, which diverts part of the energy from the principal degree of freedom, consequently generating parasitic motions. Although the ability of a mathematical model to articulate parametric instability is beneficial for design and control purposes, the increase in computational burden and complexity is often unacceptable. However, using computationally frugal nonlinear Froude-Krylov force calculations, applicable to axisymmetric devices, it is possible to define mathematical models fast enough for computation in real time. The focus of the paper is a floating oscillating water column device, inspired by the Sparbuoy device, in order to demonstrate the ability of such a mathematical model to describe parametric roll responses. Since parametric resonance is due to timevarying system parameters (Fossen and Nijmeijer, 2012), linear models, which take the mean wetted surface into account, are inadequate. In contrast, it has been shown that parametric instability can be detected by nonlinear Froude-Krylov (FK) models, which integrate the static and dynamic pressure of the undisturbed wave field over the instantaneous wetted surface. Particular examples, in wave energy applications, are given by the SEAREV (Babarit et al., 2009) and the Wavebob (Tarrant and Meskell, 2016) devices, for which parametric resonance is a detrimental parasitic effect, studied with a mesh-based nonlinear FK force model (LAMSWEC) (Gilloteaux, 2007), which compares well with wave tank tests, provided an appropriate viscous drag description is included. Nonetheless, the main drawback of mesh-based nonlinear FK models is the computational time, since they require time-consuming re-meshing routines. However, while mesh-based approaches are likely to be the only option for a geometry of arbitrary complexity, a computationally efficient method is available for axisymmetric devices (Giorgi and Ringwood, 2017a). Note that the symmetry of revolution assumption is not particularly restrictive for point absorbers, since they are usually designed to be non-directional, therefore axisymmetric. In this paper, an oscillating water column (OWC) spar buoy is considered, inspired by the Sparbuoy device (Gomes et al., 2017), since wave tank tests have shown such a device to be particularly prone to parametric resonance.


Subject to many adaptations and reworkings over the centuries, Raven Row in London's Spitalfields displays resilience and an enduring quality. David Littlefield describes how 6a Architects have relied on impeccable judgement in their renovation of what were once silk merchants' premises into a non-profit contemporary art centre, enabling them to combine cheeky references with authentic craftsmanship. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We analyze a political competition model of redistributive policies. We show that the net transfers to the income groups consist of two parts, called altruistic and electoral redistribution. In accordance with the theory, the empirical evidence from a sample of developed and developing democracies strongly supports a positive and significant association between: (i) the net group transfers and the initial income gaps, and (ii) the net transfers to the non-poor (and respectively, the after-tax Gini coefficient) and power sharing disproportionality. JEL Classification Codes: C72, D72, D78.


We surveyed state wildlife agencies, state agricultural departments, Wildlife Extension Specialists, U.S.D.A. Animal Damage Control agents, and state Farm Bureau officials to develop a national perspective of wildlife damage to agricultural crops in the U.S. A broad concensus existed that wildlife damage was a major problem, although groups often differed in their perceptions of the seriousness of specific problems. The complexity of the wildlife damage problem was apparent in that 27 different wildlife species were cited as causing the greatest problem to a state's farmers. Nevertheless, 38-80% of the respondents from every group surveyed stated that deer were their worst problem. Most respondents believed that wildlife damage had increased in the last 30 years. Increasing levels of wildlife damage also were apparent when we compared our findings to those of a similar survey conducted in 1957 (McDowell and Pillsbury 1958). For instance in 1957, 16 states reported that deer were either no problem or only caused localized problems, while in our survey, 15 of these 16 states stated that deer were now causing more damage to crops than any other wildlife species. JL/Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06504. ^/Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.


Fluorescence probes are powerful tools for investigating molecular behavior in living tissues and cells. For optimum imaging and exploring the relationship between the molecular structure of the probe and its function in the biological cells, the probe should be subcellular target specific, water dispersible, luminescent, and biocompatible. 2] To date, a variety of fluorescence probes has been developed for staining subcellular structures, such as the cell membrane, the mitochondria 5] and DNA in the nucleus, selectively. The subcellular target-selective probe opens up the way to visualizing the molecular behavior more efficiently and specifically. Along with the development of such fluorescent probes, microscopy techniques are being rapidly developed for imaging biological samples. Such imaging techniques allow us, for example, to determine the subcellular location, mobility, and transport pathways of specific proteins. 8] Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy, an established nonlinear microscopy technique, is attractive because of its intrinsic 3D resolution capability and its increased penetration depth into tissue. Accordingly, enhancing the fluorescence emission from probes for TPEF microscopy not only involves the consideration of selectivity and affinity to cellular targets 12] but also requires a large two-photon absorption cross section (d). However, most reported probes suffer from a lack of staining selectivity for subcellular structures, and small values for d. This necessitates high laser intensity and/or high fluorophore/ label concentration to obtain high contrast images, which is detrimental for biological specimens. 11] Therefore, there is a need to develop TPEF probes with excellent staining selectivity for visualizing the subcellular structures in living cells without the problems of water-dispersibility, photodamage, and cellular autofluorescence. Furthermore, the design and comparison of a series of probes is necessary better to understand the relationship between the molecular engineering of the probe and its selective staining or behavior in biological targets. In this study, we have investigated a series of cyanine probes in order to assess their staining selectivity for subcellular structures in a living cell for TPEF microscopy (Scheme 1).


Telemedicine is increasingly being used in ophthalmology for diagnosis, education and research. Combined with digital imaging, telemedicine has been successful in screening for diabetic retinopathy and diagnosing macular diseases and glaucoma.[1][1] The introduction of the digital pediatric fundus


In this short note, the problem of the choice of the expansion point in Krylov-based model reduction is addressed and the RK-ICOP algorithm for the automatic choice of a single expansion point for moment matching is revisited. This algorithm is numerically e±cient, thus suitable for large-scale systems, and does not require any simulation or expert knowledge of the original system. In addition, a compact Matlab implementation is suggested.


Specular gloss is the fraction of light reflected in the specular direction for specified incident and receptor apertures, it is the perception by an observer of the mirror-like appearance of a surface. The measurement of specular gloss consists of comparing the luminous reflectance from a test sample to that from a calibrated gloss standard which generally is a polished piece of black glass, under the same experimental conditions. Gloss is a dimensionless quantity whose accurate determination requires standardized experimental conditions such as spectral distribution of the incident beam of light, incident and viewing angles, and a gloss standard. The Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology (SIMT) provides test service to calibrate gloss reference standards. This facility is built around a reference goniophotometer, containing an instrument that measures flux as a function of angles of illumination or observation and a primary gloss standard, which is a piece of three wedges of highly polished, high-quality optical glass. The system has an overall (k=2) uncertainty of 0.5 Gloss Unit(GU). The service offers calibration measurements of working gloss standards at the geometries of 20°, 60°, and 85°, in compliance with the ISO 2813 and the ASTM D523 documentary standards. This article describes a bilateral comparison of specular gloss scales between SIMT and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) that has been performed. The results of this comparison show agreement within the combined uncertainties for the measurement of specular gloss of highly polished black glass.