The application of genetic engineering in transgenic plants and transgenic animal bioreactor was summarized. Through introducing the expressive methods and the genetic mechanism, the advantages and problems of the two bioreactors are analyzed. The clinical trail, market actuality and application prospects of the genetic engineering products produced by transgenic plants or transgenic animal bioreactor are reviewed.


It has been a funny old year. Who are we to believe? Patricia Hewitt started off by saying it was the best year ever for the NHS.


Based on Halliday's functional grammar which mainly involves three aspects,i.e,ideational function,interpersonal function and textual function,the paper analyses a text from Reading Course 2.It holds the view that functional grammar can help readers better understand a text and is beneficial to the discourse analysis in English reading teaching.


In this paper, we will use a method of analytical calculation to identify a class weakly nonlinear dynamic system. Based on Volterra theory, the aim is to identify its first-order and second-order Volterra kernels. A model of such kind of nonlinear systems described by Riccati equation will be used to illustrate this method below.


The utility model provides a two-purpose mobile terminal charger, comprising a charger shell (1), a foldable supporting plate (2), a wireless induction charger (3), a wireless induction charging board (4), a built-in mains plug (8) of a function circuit board (7) and a charging state indicating lamp (13) and the like, wherein a mains A/D (analog/digital) conversion circuit, a high-frequency oscillation amplifying circuit and a charging process intelligent control circuit which are arranged on the function circuit board (7) are connected to form a function circuit which provides two charging use modes of the traditional wired charge and wireless induction charge for a mobile terminal user; and the mobile terminal user can realize wireless induction charge and experience convenience for using the wireless induction to charge only by buying a charging plug matched with the charger, plugging the charging plug into a charging jack of a mobile terminal and then placing the mobile terminal on the two-purpose charger.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and a device for storing data fingerprints. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring equipment parameters and fingerprint algorithms of a plurality of terminals; judging whether the equipment parameters of the terminals are same or not; judging whether terminals with same equipment parameters can unify the fingerprint algorithms or notand selecting a fingerprint unifying algorithm for the terminals with the same equipment parameters and unifiable fingerprint algorithms; and only storing a set of same data fingerprints obtained by the fingerprint unifying algorithm for all the terminals with the same equipment parameters and the unifiable fingerprint algorithms. The invention solves the problem for storing a plurality of sets of fingerprints by a server when the same database in a plurality of kinds of equipment and servers is synchronized, thereby achieving the effects of simplifying the generated server processing processand reducing resource occupation.


We present a detailed study on the operation of a tunneling field-effect transistor (TFET) based on one-dimensional broken-gap heterostructure geometry. Using numerical simulations we show that less than 60mV/dec subthreshold swing can be obtained in this device along with MOSFET-like drive-currents. We further demonstrate that the 1D geometry is uniquely suited for this device concept. Our model broken-gap TFET has a minimum swing of ∼20mV/dec along with ∼100x increase in above-threshold current compared to the homojunction geometry.


Using primary and secondary sources, this study questions the validity of the theory that from the early 1070s to the early 1200s the Arpads attempted to represent themselves as wholly European, while trying to appeal to both eastern and western powers. By trying to master this balance, they sought to remain an integral political and cultural commonwealth.


The purpose of this investrigation is to find a new genetic candidate in relation to exercise performance, especially using multigene- mixed polymorphism. For this purpose, we selected ACE (angiotensine-converting enzyme) and ACTN-3 (α-actinine-3) polymorphism and recruited 131 healthy individuals and 121 athletes for mixed perfomance-related multigene polymorphism. After analyzing ACE and ACTN-3 polymorphism and mixing genotypes of ACE and ACTN-3(ex: II&DD, II&RR, or II&RX), the results are following. ACE DD Type has 41.7% distribution in strengthful and powerful athletes and ACTN-3 RR Type 45.8%, showing possibility of a good candidate of performance-related genotype. This possibility markedly increases up to 70.0% of distribution when mixing ACE DD Type and ACTN-3 RR Type. According to this study, ACE and ACTN3-mixed multigene polymorphism is a better performance-related genotype than single gene polymorphism.


Introduction: Extra-gastric duodenal reflux carries proteolytic enzyme trypsin to upper aero-digestive and lower respiratory tracts and so trypsin could be a reflux biomarker. The activity of trypsin, however, can be altered by gastric acidity and pepsin. This study aimed to measure trypsin in gastric juice of reflux patients and to analyse the eligibility of trypsin as a biomarker for duodenal reflux. Methods: Active trypsin was measured in 80 gastric juice samples, collected during gastroscopy, using a modified N-terminal assay. Total trypsin was also measured by a sandwich ELISA developed in our laboratory and compared with trypsin activity. The effect of gastric acidity and pepsin as well as bile salts on trypsin activity was studied in vitro. Results: Active and total trypsins were detected in 80% of gastric juice samples. Active trypsin progressively and irreversibly lost its activity when incubated with pepsin at pH 2 for 6 hour whereas total trypsin reactivity was reduced by only 25%. The content of active and total trypsin was not altered by incubation with bile salts at pH 7.4. Discussion: Refluxed trypsin is likely to be partially or completely inactivated by the low stomach pH and pepsin and this could invalidate the use of active trypsin as a reflux biomarker. Total trypsin is not significantly altered by gastric conditions and could then represent a more valid marker for duodenal reflux. The sensitivity of sandwich ELISA, however, needs to be improved to detect extra gastric trypsin. Conclusion: Total trypsin is a more stable parameter that, with refined techniques, could be used as a biomarker for duodenal reflux. Abbreviations: DR: Duodenal Reflux; TNBS: Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid; SA: Succinyl Albumin; SDS: Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate; RC: Routine clinical; LTx: Lung Transplant; GJ: Gastric Juice; BALF: Broncho-Alveolar Lavage Fluid Glob J Otolaryngol 3(3): GJO.MS.ID.555611 (2017) 001 Global Journal of Otolaryngology How to cite this article: M S Ali, Shruti P, Jeffrey P P. Total Trypsin and Active Trypsin: could they be used as a Biomarker for Duodenal Reflux. Glob J Oto 2017; 3(3): 555611. DOI: 10.19080/GJO.2017.03.555611. 002 The overall aim of this study was to measure and analyse trypsin contents in gastric juice of a cohort of patients with a variety of upper gastrointestinal diseases and lung transplant patients assessed for anti-reflux surgery. We measured trypsin activity by using a proteolytic activity assay and developed a sandwich ELISA for the measurement of total trypsin protein including its active and inactive forms in gastric juice. The effect of gastric environment and bile salts on trypsin activity was also studied. Materials and Methods Ethical approval was obtained from County Durham & Tees Valley 2 Research Ethics Committee. Fasting gastric juice samples were obtained during gastroscopy from 70 patients with a variety of upper gastrointestinal diseases and 10 lung transplant patients assessed for anti-reflux surgery. Unless stated otherwise, reagents used in this study came from SigmaAldrich UK Ltd., Fisher Scientific UK Ltd. or BDH Merck Ltd. Measurement of active trypsin in gastric juice This was performed at pH 7.4 using a modified colourimetric assay [9] based on the production of new N-terminal amino groups which react with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) generating trinitrophenyl derivatives that can be measured spectrophotometrically. 500 μl of 8mg/ml succinyl albumin (SA) was added to test tubes each containing 200 μl of sample or standard pig trypsin (0-2.5μg/ml) and tubes were incubated at 37oC for 30 minutes. Proteolysis was stopped by the addition of 500 μl of 4% (w/v) NaHCO3followed by 500μl of 0.05% (w/v) TNBS and 10 minutes incubation at 50oC. 500μl of 10% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) was then added followed by 500μl of 1M HCl acid. Absorbance was read at 340nm. Negative controls were made by adding the substrate and immediate addition of NaHCO3. The effect of gastric pH (2.2 and pH 4.0) and pepsin (0.5 mg/ ml) at 37°C on trypsin (2.5 μg/ml) activity was monitored at several time points over 6 hours (extended to 7 days with pH 4.0). The effect of bile salts was also assessed, incubating 2.5μg/ ml trypsin at pH 7.4 overnight with 10 mM of a physiological bile salt mixture containing 50% cholic acid, 30 % chenodeoxycholic acid, 15 % deoxycholic acid and 5 % lithocholic acid [10] dissolved in methanol using trypsin activity at pH 7.4 as a standard in both experiments. Development of ELISA to measure total trypsin in gastric juice In initial experiments we used rabbit polyclonal antibody raised to bovine trypsin (Abcam ab1879) as the primary antibody. The large range of dilutions (1:8000 to 1:30000, in 0.1% BSA in PBS) suggested by the manufacturers was tested and we found that the optimal dilution 1:5000 was the best. Native trypsin has a significantly higher reactivity than heattreated trypsin (at 100oC for 5 minutes). However, trypsin levels in gastric juice obtained with this ELISA were too high (~4mg/ ml) to be physiologically possible suggesting interference in the assay. We then tried a mouse anti-trypsin monoclonal primary antibody (Abcam ab17263). However no colour development was obtained. Development of a sandwich ELISA to measure total trypsin in gastric juice We used the same mouse monoclonal antibody as the capture antibody bound to the ELISA plate and the rabbit polyclonal antibody (Abcam ab1879) as the detection antibody. For colour development a secondary (horseradish peroxidase conjugated polyclonal anti-goat, Sigma A6777, UK) antibody was used. The assay sensitivity was improved by increasing the concentration of detection antibody from a 1:5000 to a 1:2000 and this was the final version of sandwich ELISA used to measure total trypsin in gastric juice. 100 μl capture antibody (1:2000 dilution in 0.1% BSA in PBS) was coated onto a 96-well plate (Maxisorp, NUNC), covered and incubated at room temperature for 5 hours. The plate was then aspirated, blotted dry and blocked with 1% BSA in PBS overnight. After aspirating the plate and blotting dry, 100 μl of sample (1:25 dilution) or standards (rang 0-100 ng) made up in PBS were added to the wells and the plate was covered and incubated for 1.5 hours. The plate was then aspirated, washed three times with 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS followed by two changes of PBS and blotted dry. Detection antibody (100 μl, 1:2000 dilutionin 0.1% BSA in PBS) was added to each well and the plate was covered and incubated for 1.5 hours. The wash step was repeated and 100 μl of secondary antibody (1:5000 dilution) was added to each well. The plate was then covered and incubated for 1.5 hours. After washing again 100 μl of substrate solution 2, 2'-Azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid was added to each well and the plate was covered and developed for 20 minutes. The reaction was stopped with 100 μl of 1% SDS and the absorbance measured at 405 nm with a plate reader (Bio-Tek EL808). Negative controls were made for standards and sample dilutions by omitting the detection antibody and incubating in antibody diluent instead. As previously done for the activity assay, we assessed if the reactivity of total trypsin to the antibody could be altered by gastric acidity, pepsin or bile salts. To test if long incubation times with pepsin at pH 4 could result in further loss of activity the inactivation experiment was extended up to 7 days comparing incubation at 4°C and -20°C, the temperature conditions gastric juice samples would be stored at after collection.


ABSTRACT Cyberspace experiences worrying trends that could have a negative impact on the international strategic landscape. The lack or erosion of norms and risky practices and behaviors could lead to greater uncertainty and thus greater instability. Set against a context of renewed competition between great powers, these developments are also tied to the strategic structure of cyberspace. This forum is devoted to discussing factors leading to stability or and instability.


Mutations at the bithorax locus transform anterior haltere tissue into anterior wing. These transformations could in principle be due to the mutations altering either the expression or cell heredity functions of determination. I have studied two alleles of the bithorax locus bx3 and bx34e using disc culture techniques and found that both produce their transformations by altering the expression of the determined state. I have also found that the expression of the temperature-sensitive allele, bx34e, can be altered by temperature shifts during the culture period. Evidence has been obtained that suggests that such changes in expression do not require growth or cell division.


Total sets of 166 experimental data on steady state have been obtained. The experimental data shows that core residual heat can be removed through nature circulation underthe condition of circumstance temperature 6-23℃ and Lth of 11m, as long as wind-speedhigher than 1.5m/s in the test parameter scope. Experiment results illustrate also that shortdisturbance of wind-speed, power and valve opening had no significant impact on naturecirculation, which implicates the system seems to tolerate to these disturbance.A correlation of two-phase nature circulation flow rate is derived from constitutive equa-nons by using of specific system parameters and several semi--empiric formulas are obtained.Compared with the measuring data, the deviation of 98.8% data points is within 15%.


This study purposes to propose importance of brandy as a minor ingredient for cooking based on the efficiency analysis of the brandy attributes that...


An apparatus for providing a constant level of information in an augmented reality environment may include a processor and memory storing executable computer program code that cause the apparatus to at least perform operations including determining a first number of points of interest associated with a first set of real world objects of a current location(s). The first set of real world objects is currently displayed. The computer program code may further cause the apparatus to determine whether the first number is below a predetermined threshold and may increase a view range of a device to display a second set of real world objects. The view range may be increased in order to increase the first number to a second number of points of interest that corresponds to the threshold, based on determining that the first number is below the threshold. Corresponding methods and computer program products are also provided.


Optical bodies having a total internal reflection surface (28) and a short optical path length (d2) along with electronic devices using the optical bodies are disclosed. The optical body comprises at least one optical channel (OC) and comprises a total internal reflection (TIR) surface (28) and a lens (29) located on a bottom of the optical body. By way of example, the short optical path length may have the lens of the optical body at a distance of 500 microns or less from a front end of the optical module. In another embodiments, the optical body may include a window (40) adjacent to the front end. Methods for making an optical connector are also disclosed.


Abstract The new isostructural compounds, K2Gd2Sb2Se9 and K2La2Sb2S9, were discovered by the molten polychalcogenide salt method. They crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pbam with a=11.4880(3) A, b=17.6612(1) A, c=4.2201(1) A, and Z=2 for K2Gd2Sb2Se9 and a=11.2080(5) A, b=16.8781(8) A, c=4.2419(2) A, and Z=2 for K2La2Sb2S9. The compounds have a three-dimensional [M2Sb2Q9]2− framework (M=Gd, La; Q=Se, S) with K+-ion-filled channels running along the c axis. The coordination geometry around the rare earth atom is best described as a bicapped trigonal prism. The Gd3+/La3+ centered trigonal prisms share triangular faces with neighboring prisms forming one-dimensional columns along the c axis. The columns are connected to each other to form sheets by sharing Se/S atoms on the capping sites of the trigonal prisms. Sb3+ ions are stabilized in distorted octahedral sites. The SbQ6(Q=Se, S) octahedra share edges with neighboring octahedra making an infinite chain along the c axis and bridging Gd/La layers together to make the whole framework three-dimensional. In both compounds, Sb atoms appear to be positionally disordered over two crystallographically different sites with half occupancy. This disorder was removed upon elucidation of a 2a×2b×2c superstructure, which more accurately describes the positional ordering of Sb atoms in the structure. The superstructure of K2Gd2Sb2Se9 was refined in the monoclinic space group C2/m with a=22.8783(4) A, b=8.4062(2) A, c=20.970(1) A, β=123.022(1)°, and Z=8. These compounds are semiconductors with band gap values of 1.33 eV for K2Gd2Sb2Se9 and 2.20 eV for K2La2Sb2S9. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate no apparent magnetic coupling between the Gd3+ centers showing Curie–Weiss behavior with μeff=7.96 B.M. K2Gd2Sb2Se9 melts congruently at 598°C while K2La2Sb2S9 decomposes gradually above 400°C. The Raman spectra show the diselenide stretching vibration in K2Gd2Sb2Se9 at 266 cm−1 and the disulfide stretching vibration in K2La2Sb2S9 at 473 cm−1.


3D‐Rapid Prototyping (3D‐RP) is a novel technique for the construction of highly accurate three‐dimensional polyamide models of biomolecules. This method has been shown to be a valuable tool in the modeling of protein‐protein‐interactions as well as in the analysis of surface topography. Using this technique we were recently able to identify a so far unknown structure on the concave side of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2). Since this structure is the imprint of a left‐handed helix we have called this negative an unthelix. Obviously this novel structural feature of BMP‐2 may act as a binding side for endogenous ligands.


Over the years many cases of internet frauds have increased and phishing is one of the techniques used by hackers to execute the frauds through internet. Many tools and techniques have been designed to detect phishing attacks and to prevent them. Phishers may have a ton of methodologies and strategies to lead an all-around composed phishing assault and thus cause access the legitimate information. The objectives of the phishing assaults, are principally on-line managing an account customers, banking customers and payment services, etc. the companies indulged in these services are confronting significant money related misfortune and absence of trust in Internet-based administrations. Keeping in mind the end goal to beat these, there is a critical need to discover answers for battle phishing assaults. Recognizing a phishing site is a very difficult task and thus requires master learning and experience. Thus, there must be some easy ways to deal with phishing attacks. Different arrangements, design and tools have been proposed and created to address the issues of phishing attacks. The majority of these methodologies are not ready to settle on a choice progressively on whether the site is truth be told phished, and thus raising the counts of false positives. This is principally because of the limitations of the beforehand proposed approaches, which includes depending just on black and white list database, missing of human insight and specialists, poor versatility and their opportuneness. In this work developed an intelligent phishing system by using fuzzy-based fuzzy inference system. It use UCI machine data to test inference system and found satisfactory results further it compares phishing detection system with fuzzy logic with other algorithms like J48, naive Bayes classifier and Neuro-fuzzy based phishing detection system. Thus, the objective of this work is proposing an efficient non algorithmic antiphishing system.


The optical 3D measurement of liquid and gel surfaces is possible so far only with unsatisfactory results in terms of temporal and spatial resolution due to the unfavorable optical properties of these surfaces. The new process will allow the surface measurement for liquids and gels with little effort and with high temporal and spatial resolution. In order to measure the surface of liquids and gels, a multi-camera system is used with structured illumination, with the liquids to be examined and an gels adapted to the structured illumination fluorescent dye is added, is excited by which the structured illumination for emission. By using spectral filters in front of the cameras which allow the light emitted by excitation of the fluorescent dye light from the surface to pass to the camera, known methods for calculation of corresponding points can be used without disturbing optical effects of the projected structured illumination or external light ( specular reflections volume effects, transparency) detract from the quality of the reconstruction. 3D measurement of liquid and gel surfaces with high spatial and temporal resolution.


The determination of dark energy properties is the science goal of JDEM (Joint Dark Energy Mission). The SNAP (Supernova/Acceleration Probe) collaboration proposes to investigate the dark energy by going beyond Lambda, beyond a constant equation of state to the dynamical variation of dark energy, and testing the geometry (flatness) and gravity beyond Einstein. This is accomplished through comprehensive supernova distance and weak gravitational lensing surveys and a multi-color, wide-field, imaging program. This science demands high precision and accuracy, placing stringent requirements particularly on the the absolute color calibration of supernovae. The overall calibration for the SNAP focal plane will be conducted through several routes. Basic issues in calibration and possible strategies to meet these requirements over the wavelength range between 0.4–1.7 μm are briefly described.


To study the in vitro propagation of Eimeria tenella, primary 2-ml cultures of chick embryo kidney cells, grown in Eagle's medium supplemented with calf serum, were inoculated with doses of 5,000, 25,000, 50,000, 100,000, and 500,000 sporozoites per ml. The time and incidence of invasion of the host cell were established by determining the number of sporozoites that were washed from the cultures 1, 3, 12, and 24 hr after inoculation, and by finding the number of sporozoites which, when inoculated onto monolayers, resulted in maximum cell infection and asexual development. The decrease in the number of sporozoites removed by washing, consistent with the number of hours the parasites were on the cultures, ranged from an average of 62% removal 1 hr after inoculation to 22% at 24 hr. The rate of infection 1 hr after inoculation was approximately 2%, increasing to about 4% at 24 hr and to approximately 5% at 96 hr. The highest rate of asexual development occurred in those cultures inoculated with 5,000 sporozoites per ml, while the lowest rate occurred in the unrinsed cultures inoculated with 500,000 sporozoites per ml. Considering the extent of infection, the total number of developmental stages on a slide, and the condition of the cell monolayer, we obtained the best results with an inoculum of 500,000 sporozoites per ml when the cultures were washed 1 hr after inoculation, or with 100,000 sporozoites per ml with no washing or replacement of the culture medium. In vitro cultivation of the asexual stages of coccidia has been reported by Patton (1965), Strout et al. (1965), Fayer and Hammond (1967), Doran and Vetterling (1967a, b), and Hammond and Fayer (1968). Although these papers have shown the successful asexual development of avian and bovine coccidia in a variety of cells cultured in vitro, to date there has been no report of a detailed study on the relationship of the size of inoculum to infection of the host cell and development of the parasite. Fayer and Hammond (1967) reported using a concentration of sporozoites calculated from the number of oocysts. In a later paper Hammond and Fayer (1968) used 150,000 to 350,000 sporozoites per culture, but they did not study the rates of infection and development. Doran and Vetterling Received for publication 15 March 1968. * Supported in part by Research Grant AI 0574504 from the NIAID, U. S. Public Health Service, and by grants-in-aid from Eli Lilly and Company, Greenfield, Indiana, and Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, a division of Sandoz, Inc., Hanover, New Jersey. Published with the approval of the Director of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station as Scientific Contribution No. 433. (1967a, b), using several million sporozoites per culture, found the number of parasites that invaded cells and became schizonts was extremely small. Our experience has also indicated that of the many sporozoites that infect cells, only a very limited number develop into schizonts. The work reported in this paper is concerned with finding the number of sporozoites which, when inoculated onto 48-hr chick embryo kidney monolayers, will result in maximum infection and subsequent maturation of the asexual stages. We also attempted to establish the time and incidence of invasion by determining the number of sporozoites that we were able to wash from the cultures at various time intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS


This paper evaluates the impact of nonessential minimum marketable features modules (NMMF) and nonessential architectural elements (NAEs) on software projects; shows that the value-creation path of these selfcontained software units may be quite different from that of essential software units; and discusses the impact of early NMMF and NAE identification on the value of software projects to business and the deployment of business strategy. Moreover, the paper demonstrates that the existence of flexible precedence relations among MMFs and AEs may also be exploited to further increase the value of software development initiatives.


Xinhua very important role, as the online media with access from 200
countries and regions throughout the country, as well as included in the ranking
of 100 online media across the country. Thus, XinHua.net necessarily required to
disseminate accurate and objective information for pengaksesnya.
This gender bias in the media showed certain ideologies, which ultimately
underlies a medium in the process of reporting and preaching. Thus, behind the
success of the women who served through the media, there are the interests of
men who met, thus showing the women who are not independent in total.
Although in a proclamation, presents a woman who is successful, but the success
of the show seemed very apparent as the roles of men behind the success.


Abstract Recently, microalgae, natural marine resources, have gained increasing interests as a feed for animals. Chlorella vulgaris microalgae are single-cell microorganisms that have been used to provide nutrition to humans and animals for centuries. In the present review, we unveil the composition and nutritive value of C. vulgaris microalgae as a feed for ruminants. Research has shown that inclusion of C. vulgaris microalgae in diets improved feed utilization, milk production and quality, growth performance, and meat quality in ruminants, as a result of improved diet nutritive value. Very low doses of C. vulgaris in feed enhance growth and lactational performance of ruminants. Additionally, C. vulgaris showed very promising results as an alternative to corn and soybean meal; however, it is an expensive protein feed. Therefore, the main constraint to use of C. vulgaris as a feedstuff is its high cost of production, making improvement of cultivation technology to reduce the production costs a critical issue in the near future.


Abstract Bacterial pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among the HIV-seropositive patients still in the era of combination Antiretroviral Therapy. The actual burden of bacterial pneumonia in HIV-seropositive patients is not well documented in East Africa. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of pneumonia infection in HIV-seropositive patients in the region. Different electronic databases from PubMed, Google scholars, Scopus, Science direct and Web of Science were searched for articles published from 1994 to 2020 that assessed the prevalence of bacterial pneumonia in HIV-seropositive patients in East Africa. Data on the prevalence of bacterial pneumonia in HIV-seropositive patients in East Africa counties are limited. Therefore, only 13 articles about the prevalence of bacterial pneumonia in HIV-seropositive patients in East Africa were reviewed. Tanzania exhibited the highest level of bacterial pneumonia in HIV-seropositive patients at 59.76%, while Rwanda had the lowest level at 5.6%. The different risk factors identified, such as intravenous drugs, cigarette smoke and unvaccinated were associated with the development of bacterial pneumonia in HIV-seropositive patients. Bacterial pneumonia is a major public health problem and it is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-seropositive patients in East Africa. This review will provide information to the scientific community, policymakers and program officers to design pneumonia preventive interventions in HIV-seropositive patients. The author recommended that further studies need to be conducted on the magnitude of bacterial pneumonia in HIV-seropositive patients in the region.


Computational efficiency is the key factor to be considered in the productivity evaluation of rectangular coalbed methane reservoir. There are three main factors affecting the calculation speed: the nonlinearity of the material balance equation of coalbed methane reservoir, the poor conductivity of fractures cannot be considered as infinite conductivity fractures, and the Duhamel convolution is needed in history fitting and boundary image inversion. At present, there is no method to quickly evaluate the productivity of finite conductivity fracture model in rectangular coalbed methane reservoir. Diffusion equation of matrix is generated by the Fick diffusion law. The Darcy seepage law is used to build the seepage equation of fractured system in coalbed methane reservoir. In order to transform the calculation result of infinite conductivity fracture into finite conductivity fracture, fracture conductivity factor is employed in this paper. The applicability of fracture conductivity factor in the whole production process is clarified. It is clear that the factor is prone to calculation errors when the time is small, and the calculation fluctuates greatly. According to the characteristics of the Riley method and discrete method, an accurate and efficient analytical solution calculation process is designed. This will make the calculation results accurate. A production evaluation method of rectangular coalbed methane reservoirs with fractured vertical well and finite conductivity fracture is proposed. The purpose of quickly and accurately predict well production capacity is reached. The geological parameters are recombined, and new coalbed methane reservoir flow parameters are defined. Through parameter sensitivity analysis, the influence of different flow characteristic parameters on gas production is clarified. The dimensionless transfer constant and dimensionless storage capacity affect the appearance time of desorption and diffusion and the storage capacity of the fracture system, respectively. The dimensionless desorption constant describes the strength of desorption and diffusion. The influence of fracture conductivity factor on production is studied. It is clarified that its impacts are different in the early stage and the later stage of production. There is a limit to the fracture conductivity factor. When the limit is exceeded, the fracture conductivity factors no longer affect the production of a single well. The findings of this study can understand the percolation stage of finite conductivity fractured wells with rectangular coalbed methane reservoir and can also guide fracturing design and writing in the field. The research results enrich the productivity evaluation model of coalbed methane reservoir. In the end, a set of production evaluation method is put forward suitable for the well in rectangular coalbed methane reservoirs with fractured vertical well and finite conductivity fracture. In this paper, the influence of fracture conductivity on single well productivity in rectangular coalbed methane reservoir is quantitatively evaluated for the first time. By improving the calculation method and optimizing the calculation path, the productivity evaluation calculation speed of finite conductivity fractured wells in rectangular coalbed methane reservoir is optimized without affecting the calculation accuracy. The new method can be applied directly to productivity evaluation software, which has the significance of popularization.


To make certain of minimum allowable discharge voltage,the evolution and consumption of internal resistance of lead-acid batteries for HEV with different loads,a 12 V/80 Ah lead-acid battery was tested.The battery's terminal voltage,current and internal resistance were recorded with discharging time.By analyzing data from MATLAB,the capacity,energy consumed by the load and internal resistance were calculated,and the profiles of t-U,t-△U/△t,t-r0 and t-△r0/△t were drawn.It can be known that the minimum allowable discharge voltage of lead-acid battery increased with the load increasing,internal resistance increased with the discharging time,and energy consumed by internal resistance increased with the load increasing.


An analysis is carried out to investigate heat transfer characteristics and pressure drop of micro-capillary pumped loop(MCPL) with the shape of condenser. In this work, the main model is A type and B type which have grooved wicks and bend tubes in condenser region, respectively. was measured Pressure drop and the heat transfer rate were calculated under various operating condition. The results shows that A type has more heat transfer rate than B type and pressure drop in B type has less than A type.


Root canal irrigation is a must in root canal therapy,however,not a irrigating solution or a combination of some irrigating solutions can completely remove the smear layer.Consequently,auxiliary root canal irrigation instrument arises to improve the cleaning efficiency of root canal system.This article reviews four kinds of auxiliary root canal irrigation instruments,namely,the manual irrigation system,pressure switch system,acoustic system and ultrasonic system.


The experiments were performed on fifty cats of either sex weighing 2.0 to 4.4 kg. They were either anaesthetized with pentobarbitone sodium (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or decerebrated during preliminary ethyl chloride-ether anaesthesia by removing the brain above the mid-collicular level. The head was immobilized and the body supported in a standing position. The hind-legs were immobil- ized with drill bits inserted into the lateral protuberances at each end of the fibulae. A string-lever system was attached to the sectioned tendon of each tibialis anterior muscle and movements of the muscles were recorded on smoked paper. A 100-g weight was suspended from each lever to maintain a constant tension upon the muscles. The recorded excursions, therefore, represented changes in muscle length and tension and were not a linearly related measure of the force developed. The drugs were dissolved in an artificial cerebrospinal fluid of the composition given by Merlis (1940). Small pledgets ofcotton wool were soaked in the solution containing the drug and these were placed directly on the exposed dorsal surface of the cervical spinal cord at the desired level. If no response were obtained in 30 to 40 min with any given concentration of drug, the cord was then washed for 30 min with pledgets of cotton wool soaked in artificial cerebrospinal fluid solution before the next drug concentration was applied. A response was considered to be positive if tension was developed in one, or both, of the tibialis anterior muscles. This was usually rhythmic in character and in one muscle at a time rather than simultaneously. These movements which occurred during and after drug application without any other stimulus will here- after be referred to as " spontaneous." Movements during drug application could also be evoked by rubbing the pinna of the ear or the skin surrounding it. These will be referred to as the " scratch reflex" and its associated " scratching movements." The compounds tested were: hexafluorenium bromide, edrophonium chloride, neostigmine methyl- sulphate, gallamine triethiodide, decamethonium bromide and suxamethonium chloride. Concentrations (w/v) refer to the salts.


Two different approaches to the creation of "rigid" (gel-like) DNA particles (or DNA nanoconstructions) are considered. The physicochemical approach is based on the formation of nanobridges between double-stranded DNA molecules ordered in quasinematic layers of cholesteric liquid-crystalline dispersion (CLCD) particles or their salting-out. This approach represents by itself a "chemical gelation" of DNA molecules realized inside the nanometric DNA particles. The formed "rigid" DNA particles have unique physicochemical properties. The nanotechnological approach is based on induction of "physical gelation" as a result of the formation of Au-clusters in the "free" space between double-stranded DNA molecules ordered in CLCD particles. This approach results in the formation of a new "rigid" DNA material. Its dis- tinctive peculiarity, in contrast to the chemically bonded "rigid" DNA particles, consists in a very weak binding affinity to the nuclear membrane filter used for atomic force microscopy. This opens up a possibility for easy manipulations with CLCD particles doped with gold nanoparticles.


Objective. Researchers have demonstrated the prediction of academic functioning by children's prosocial behavior (PB). The goal of our study was to examine the contribution of adolescents' PB for middle and senior high school grades after controlling for stability of achievement and for intelligence, Big Five traits, and socio-demographic variables (i.e., sex and SES). Method. Study 1 examined on 165 adolescents (48.5% boys) the prediction by peer-reported PB in 7th grade of academic achievement at the end of junior high school, after controlling for the above variables. Study 2 examined the prediction by 927 (52% girls) 8th graders' PB of academic achievement 5 years later, at the end of senior high school, taking into account the stability of grades, personality traits, and socio-structural variables. Results. Overall, hierarchical regression analysis indicated in both studies PB and Openness significantly predicted better grades in the short-term and over time despite the high stability of grades across five years. Extraversion negatively predicted academic achievement across one year in junior high school. Conclusion. Findings supported the view of PB as a strength and a key resource for adolescents' academic attainment.


The study aims to compare between true score of mixed item formats (dichotomous and polytomous items), using single group design and nonequivalent group with common items design. The study used PIRLS test, which consists of 146 items, (74 multiple-choice items and 72 short answer items), distributed over 13 booklets. Each booklet has common items with some other booklets and some uncommon items, as well as two passages: reading for literary experience and reading to acquire and use information. The 13 booklets were distributed to a random sample of 10394 students from grade 4 in the Sultanate of Oman. MULTILOG 7.03 software was used to estimate item and ability parameters using the graded response model and Poly Equate (V0.5) software. The 13 booklets were equated using true score equating and observed score equating. The results showed differences in the descriptive characteristics for the 13 booklets before equating, and reduction in these differences after equating with both equating methods. Paired samples t-test showed statistical significant differences between the two equating methods with all booklets towards the observed score equating except with booklet 10 where there are differences towards true score equating and booklets 4 and 5 where there is no statistical difference between the two equating methods.


a matter of speculation. Since fluorine is not excreted in the saliva, the action is not direct. A possible explanation is that trace amounts of fluorine on the oral surface of the enamel influence the char acter of the bacterial plaques on the teeth. It will be recalled that large sub cutaneous doses of fluorine did not in hibit caries in rats, whereas fluorine fed by mouth was quite effective. This sug gests that the fluorine must come directly in contact with the bacterial flora of the tooth in order to prevent caries activity. Fluorine is an enzyme inhibitor and, when it is present in sufficient strength, inhibits bacterial growth and acid pro duction in the test tube. Whether the fluorine in dental enamel exerts a similar influence in the mouth is not known.


Objective: To investigate the apoptosic rate of human lens epithelial cells induced by ultraviolet(UV)radiation of different dose and the inhibitory effect of Vit E and Rg1. Methods:Conflurent monolayers of cultured human lens epithelial cells were exposed to ultraviolet lamps emiting predominantly UVA radiation for 6,12, and 18 minutes. The apoptosic rates of cells were surveyed separately with flow cytometry, and the microscopultrastructure alteration of apoptosic cells was observed with ectron microscopy. Apoptosic rates of the cells cultured with or without Vit E of 10 μg/ml and Rg1 of 50 μg/ml were surveyed. Results: At 6',12',18', the apoptosic rate was 20%, 53%, and 81%, respectively. The apoptosic rate of cells in culture medium without Vit E or Rg1 increased as compared with that of cells cultured with Vit E(P0.01) or Rg1(P0.01). The cells were damaged by UV radiation, which were characterized as separated nucleic materials, bulged membrane, and appeared apoptosis body. Conclusion: UV can induce the apoptosis of the human lens epithelial cells. The apoptosic rate increases with increased dose of UV radiation. VitE and Rg1 could inhibit the apoptosis induced by UV radation.


Head flying height control method for controlling the flying height of the magnetic recording medium of a magnetic head having a heater for changing the projecting amount of the active element due to thermal expansion caused by the element and the heating is to increase the heater power of the heater is projected to the element portion to the maximum protrusion amount, reduces the heater power up to the amount of protrusion on the basis of the relationship between the projecting amount and the heater power reaches the predetermined amount, then the head medium property is better than the target value, the head medium head medium property based on the relationship between properties and the heater power decreases the heater power such that the target value.


Blood volume changes of approximately 5 to 10 per cent of total blood volume have been accurately detected in animals ranging in size from 2.5 to 27.0 kg., using an electronic method which is based on changes in total body impedance. Linearity of the method was excellent within the limits of a 20 per cent blood volume depletion which was not exceeded in order to avoid hemorrhagic shock. A 10 per cent volume change represents a change in body impedance of approximately 1.5 ohms. In order to detect such a small change, the electronic apparatus must be capable of very high gain, with minimal drift. The method offers promise as a useful operating room tool, since it gives an instantaneous indication of blood volume change.


The invention belongs to the field of fine chemical engineering and in particular relates to a method for preparing an orthoester compound. The chemical formula of the orthoester compound is RC(OR1)3, wherein R is n-propyl, normal-butyl or n-amyl; R1 is methyl or ethyl. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) adding aliphatic nitrile, fatty alcohol and a solvent diethylene glycol dibutyl ether into a reaction kettle, introducing hydrogen chloride gas and generating an amidine salt; (2) adding fatty alcohol, introducing ammonia gas, and raising the temperature to carry out an alcoholysis reaction; (3) introducing the ammonia gas, so that the pH value reaches 8-9, filtering to remove ammonium chloride salt, and treating the mother solution in the next operation step, wherein the temperature of the ammonia gas is 5-20 DEG C; (4) rectifying the mother solution; (5) performing short-path distillation on residual materials in the rectifying tower. The method has the beneficial effects that ammonium chloride wastewater is not generated in the preparation method, the purity of the product orthoester compound is over 99 percent, and the reaction yield is over 80 percent. The adopted solvent diethylene glycol dibutyl ether is low in toxicity, high in flashing point and pollution-free.


The circulating lymphocyte has recently been reported to have many possible functions. Though once believed to be short-lived end cells (1), lymphocytes present in the peripheral blood are now known not only to recirculate for up to 5 days, but also to be capable of "homing" in lymph nodes and in the spleen (2). These cells have been reported to be capable of producing antibody (3), of transforming into plasma cells (4-6), of eliciting the graft versus host reaction (7, 8), of preventing the neonatal thymectomy wasting syndrome (9, 10), and in some situations of preventing the effects of lethal irradiation (11), and of repopulating the lymphoid tissues of irradiated animals (12).


This article examines the epistemological claims made by four paradigms used to study leisure meanings: behaviorism, cognitivism, individual constructivism, and social constructivism. These paradigms represent diverse and contrasting theoretical explanations of how individuals gain knowledge about and give meaning to the phenomenon of leisure and of how these meanings differ and change. Analysis of each paradigm illustrates limitations in their capacity to explain how individuals learn about leisure and suggests the need for alternative explanations. Arguments are advanced in favor of an experientialist paradigm characterized by a research specialization called phenomenography as an additional and complementary theoretical approach to studying the multiple meanings of leisure.


To develop an automated pipeline based on convolutional neural networks to segment lumbar intervertebral discs and characterize their biochemical composition using voxel‐based relaxometry, and establish local associations with clinical measures of disability, muscle changes, and other symptoms of lower back pain.


The potential for erosion and accretion of coastal sediments is governed by local hydrodynamics and sediment characteristics. These factors are highly spatially and temporally variable and strongly interact in the surf zone. It is known that for any change in the wave load, the system quickly seeks and adopts a new state of equilibrium. It follows that the understanding of the interactions between hydrodynamics and sediment properties is crucial for beach engineering. Particularly, there seems to be a lack of knowledge regarding the role of geotechnical sediment properties. The research goal of this study is to characterize the cross-shore variation of sediment strength across a sandy, erosive beach on the island of Sylt, Germany.


The available physiological evidence suggests that ontogenetic ageing of E. Grandis seedlings involves a direct and quantitative association between decreased rooting ability of stem cuttings and increased levels of a rooting inhibitor in the tissue forming the base of the cutting. As detected by bioassay, this inhibitor is present only in adult tissue, which very rarely forms roots from stem cuttings. It is absent in easily rooted seedling stems of all Eucalyptus species tested, but it is also absent in the easily rooted adult tissue of the exceptional species E. deglupta. The ability of seedling cuttings of E. deglupta to root very easily in water provides an appropriate bioassay for monitoring the presence of inhibitor in other Eucalyptus species.


The invention relates to the field of semiconductor manufacturing processes, in particular to a method for detecting the focal length offset of a photoetching machine. The method for detecting the focal length offset of the photoetching machine comprises the following steps: S1, establishing a linear model of the focal length offset and relative alignment precision; S2, measuring the alignment precision when the focal length offset of the photoetching machine is detected, substituting the alignment precision into the linear model, and calculating the focal length offset.


In this paper, we investigate the containment control problem of discrete-time first-order unstable multi-agent systems with undirected fixed communication topologies and uncertain communication delays. In particular, we focus on the delay margin achieved by two kinds of containment protocols, one is $P$-type and the other is $PD$-type. We provide the exact expression of the delay margin and its explicit bound by optimizing the network coupling strengths within their allowable ranges. The results show that for a strictly unstable discrete-time first-order multi-agent system, its delay margin depends on the unstable pole location of each agent, as well as on the eigen-ratio of the network topologies. In addition, the delay margin can be enlarged by $PD$-type containment protocol with respect to $P$-type one. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the results.


Combining improved digital PID algorithm with fuzzy throttle control,developd a kind of cost-effective and high performance rectifier for portable generator.By mending conventional digital PID and introducing fuzzy control for throttle adjustment,the system can get good static and dynamic performance.Experiment results prove that the rectifier works reliably and steadily with the generator,and under two operating modes of save and high speed,the output voltage,frequency and power satisfy the target of design task,the THD of output voltage is low;now the power supply has been put into practical produce.


teachers, as well as usage data provided by the software to explore, in particular, the conditions and effects of adaptive, individualized practice with intelligent feedback and scaffolding on classroom-based communicative task performance and language learning processes in general. The study combines a quantitative study of approximately 30 classrooms in Baden-Württemberg and North Rhine-Westphalia with a qualitative analysis of two classrooms in Hamburg. First results are expected for spring 2022.


It is very important to popularize the computer to plate technology(CPT) using the conventional pre-sensitized plate in our printing and packaging industry.In A novel nitrogen plasma light source stimulated by RF electrodeless field discharge is reported.By using it a commercial PS plate from Chinese Academy of Printing Technology is successfully exposed.The spectrum analysis shows the lamp we developed is more suitable for PS plate exposure than that very popular used iodine gallium lamp.And further the optimum parameters of our light source is explored from the RF power and working pressure.Under the conditions of incident power 160W,working pressure 230Pa with two focalized lens,an optical power density of 2.23mW/cm2 is obtained.At last the exposure result of PS plate with our UV light source is represented.


This paper researches pre-obstacle detection in the case of blurred image caused by relative movement between the camera and the object,in accordance with the unstructured environment.This paper presents an improved two-dimensional entropy segmentation algorithm.Edge sharpness method is used to determine whether the image is a motion blurred image.If the answer is yes,the point spread function should be obtained using Fourier spectrum and Radon transform,and the image is restored by Lucy-Richardson method.In order to reduce the complexity of the obstacle detection algorithm,obstacles are coarsely positioned using the improved two-dimensional entropy segmentation algorithm,and the area threshold method is used to eliminate noise.The pre-obstacle detection is completed.Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and the effectiveness.This can provide reference for smart cars avoiding colliding with obstacles,and is the foundation for identifying obstacles.


= Abstract = A 13-year-old girl with psoriasis of the elbow, trunk, and face suddenly developed a severe headache followed by left hemiparesis and facial palsy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed an acute infarction of the right temporofrontal lobe and basal ganglia on the T2- and diffusion-weighted images. Cerebral angiography showed pre-occlusive irregular scalloped stenosis (99%) in the proximal M1 segment of the right middle cerebral artery and a web-like stenosis at the supraclinoid portion of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) suggestive of a spontaneous intracranial ICA dissection. The patient was administered a low dose of dipyridamole, and a rehabilitation program was initiated. Headache, left motor weakness, and facial droop improved within a week. However, mild left facial palsy and reduced fine motor function of the left hand were still present after 3 weeks. We report a rare case of spontaneous intracranial ICA dissection in a child with psoriasis. (Korean J Pediatr 2009;52:1044-1047)


A voice recognition method using a wireless microphone in an intelligent robot service system and an apparatus thereof are provided to enable a speaker having a wireless microphone transmitter to replace a VAD(Voice Activity Detection) function with only on/off of the wireless microphone, thereby operating the voice recognition system as necessary and speaking freely without considering a distance from a robot or a speaking position. A voice recognition method comprises the following steps of: registering speakers by using a wireless microphone(201); receiving valid voice data through a wireless microphone receiver from a speaker which speaks through a wireless microphone transmitter(202,203); extracting a feature from the received valid voice data(203); generating at least one speaker model by using the extracted feature(204); and recognizing the speaker by measuring similarity between the extracted feature and the generated speaker model(205~207).


: The main purpose of this report is to explore the very different consumption concepts and shopping habits of Generation Z, Gen Z consumers' higher and unique expectations and requirements to fashion brands, and examples of how some brands can make some changes in their marketing approach and product types to meet the preferences of the majority of Generation Z and adapt to the new situation, and finally provide possible solutions to key issues for some brands that are ready to transform into what Gen Z consumers like. This report contains an executive summary, contents, and introduction, four objectives (Very Different Gen Zers, Brand Behavior & Gen Z's expectations, Gen Z in COVID-19 Crisis, and Possible Solutions) in the main body, conclusion, and references. The section named 'very different Gen Zers' analyses the completely different consumption concepts and shopping habits of Gen Z consumers compared to previous generations. They are very conscious of the personalization and uniqueness of products, they are willing to spend more on sustainable products, and they are concerned about racial equality and will resist brands that support racism. Next, the section entitled 'Brand Behaviour & Gen Z's expectations' analyses higher and more unique expectations and requirements that Gen Z consumers have of brands. And Gen Z expects brands to become more diverse and inclusive (e.g. body type, ethnicity, sexual orientation) and provides examples of brands that have made efforts to change in order to attract Gen Z's attention. Afterward, the section named 'Gen Z in COVID-19 Crisis' identified the changes in the way that Gen Z shops during the pandemic and the reasons why brands need to pay more attention to Gen Z. Some of the Gen Z consumers are limited by social distance and fear of in-store shopping infections. COVID-19 are likely to abandon physical store shopping, and there are more than half of Gen Z consumers choosing to shop online for convenience and cheaper prices. In addition, Gen Z will have over $150 billion in buying power by 2020, brands will need to increase their focus on Gen Z. Some Gen Z will also help keep some brands from going out of business during the pandemic to keep them from going out of business. Finally, the section entitled 'Possible Solutions' discussed possible solutions to some of the key issues raised above. And providing some examples of brands that have successfully marketed to Gen Z, this can be used as a reference for some brands that are ready to market to Gen Z. Brands also need to give greater attention to social media marketing, which is the software that most Gen Z use on a daily basis, and the example of Louis Vuitton shows that the right marketing on social media can bring huge profits to a brand. -78-of social media marketing to Gen Z, couple of examples of brands successfully marketing to Gen Z consumers. There are some possible solutions to Gen Z's key issues for the fashion brands and fashion industry that have been suggested in this report. This report fulfills the research aim and answered the research questions, providing a clear, critical, logical, and detailed report of Gen Z consumers in fashion. All the data in this report was generated through the use of secondary research online. The findings were analyzed by using thematic analysis. This report is very well researched and highly academic in its topic, it will probably make a contribution to the fashion industry, but nonetheless recognized limitations. Theoretical limitations constrain the current research, mainly in the following areas: The available information does not provide a thorough study of Gen Z consumers yet, the range of the surveys on Gen Z consumers which have been posted online is not wide enough. By way of closure to this study, as Gen Z is gradually become a mainstream consumer in the fashion sector and has a strong purchasing power, this report was written to help brands address some important and urgent key issues by analyzing Gen Z's shopping habits, consumption concepts, requirements, and expectations to the brands. This report is valuable and will potentially solve some of the key issues in the fashion industry. The research method and the way of analysis used this time was very helpful and if with the addition of primary research will make future reports even better.


Studies have found that bond ratings can affect the stock prices of individual companies. These studies suggest that investors rely on third parties when valuing companies. Our goal is to determine whether ratings have a similar influence on a country's valuation. We assess the country ratings of Coface Group, which indicate the general sensitivity of companies to the business, financial and political outlook of a country. Given the proliferation of country index funds, investors could easily revise top down asset allocation in response to ratings changes. We find that country stock market valuations are not affected by changes in country ratings. While country ratings may still be useful in signalling potential debt coverage or political problems, they do not appear to influence investor valuations of country stock markets.


Creation of targeted liposomal delivery systems of biologically active substances to the tissues, cells and organelles is one of the topical problems of cellular medicine. These studies require solving the problem of detection of the precise localization of substances delivered with liposomes. Complexity of this problem is associated with invisibility of liposomes in the light microscope because of the small size, lack of colour and autoluminescence. A possible way of solving this problem is to visualize the liposomes by including in their composition fluorescent dyes. In the study with fluorescent or confocal microscope, colocalization of liposomal dyes and dyes for differential staining of intracellular organelles may serve as evidence of the presence of liposomes in this compartment. For these studies, an important prerequisite is an adequate choice of dyes for labeling liposomes and organelles. In this work, we investigate the methodological approaches of the study of intracellular localization of the liposomes in the cells using vital dyes for labeling liposomes and intracellular organelles. On specific examples, we demonstrate that the technology of the assessment of intracellular distribution of fluorescence using labeling of hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the liposomes and determination of the colocalization of these labels and organelle-specific fluoresce is effective and can be used in experiments aiming to create liposomal formulations for targeted drug delivery.


Huawei ManageOne is a server farm administrative arrangement design for disentangled administration and dexterous operations. It bounds administration of different server and gives integrated end-to-end management solutions for incremented operations and managerial services and overall performance of data centers. ManageOne provides different efficient network services as discussed in this paper.


Analysis of heat and fluid flow of two PLCC packages mounted in tandem arrangement on a printed circuit board exposed to the free stream velocity is carried out using a commercial CFD code, Fluent. Various approach air velocities are used to emulate the forced convection heat transfer phenomena. Some parametric studies are carried out by varying the package chip power, gap between the packages and air approach velocities. The results are presented in terms of the junction temperature, thermal resistance and top surface average heat transfer coefficient for each package under different operating conditions. The decrease in the junction temperature of the packages with the increase in approach air velocity is clearly observed. Furthermore, the leading edge heat transfer coefficient of the packages is always higher than that at the trailing edge for all approach velocities considered. The results also show that the gap between packages does influence the average heat transfer coefficient and the thermal resistance of the package at a particular approach air velocity.


It is seen that the importance and need for Arabic have been increasing in Turkey in recent years, and the variety and number of programs for the Arabic language in higher education institutions are also increasing. It is noteworthy that the Arabic Language and Literature and Arabic Language Teaching departments, which have a long history, and the Arabic Translation and Interpretation departments, have been increasing in the state and private universities in recent years. In this study, the undergraduate programs of the Arabic translation and interpretation departments in the first three universities, which currently accept students from state universities, were examined from various perspectives. In these universities, the number of courses of Arabic Translation and Interpretation departments, the courses and the intensity of the translation field according to the semesters were evaluated. As a result of the study, it draws attention that there are differences between the programs. The differences observed in the undergraduate programs of these departments, which were opened for the same purpose, suggest that a common program should be created between the departments. In this context, some suggestions have been made regarding the current status of Arabic translation and interpretation undergraduate programs at universities.


A 52-year-old woman was referred to a specialist menopause clinic by her general practitioner because of premenstrual-like symptoms with several forms of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Her menopause was early, at the age of 43. She consulted her general practitioner five years later because of concerns about osteoporosis. Bone mineral density demonstrated osteoporosis in the femoral neck and osteopenia in the lumbar spine. A previous laparoscopy had revealed a mild degree of endometriosis, but she was otherwise well. She had reported feeling premenstrual at times during her reproductive years but it had never been a particular problem until she started HRT. At the time of referral in she was using a 50 m g oestradiol patch with cyclical 4% progesterone vaginal gel. She felt generally well apart for extreme lethargy in the progestogenic phase of the cycle. She had never really suffered from vasomotor symptoms and was more concerned with the side effects of the medication rather than skeletal protection. The only progestogen left to try was neogest and a new regimen of oestradiol patches together with neogest during the first 12 days of the calendar month was commenced. At follow-up one year later, although the treatment had initially been a success, she was again experiencing mood swings and lethargy during the progestogenic phase. Raloxifene was considered but she was reluctant to try it. Tibolone was offered as she had had an early menopause. At follow-up she reported an improvement in her premenstrual-like symptoms and breast tenderness and had experienced no breakthrough bleeding. She remained well and content with this medication at a further follow-up three years later. Commentary The indications for treatment are quite clear in this case, namely bone protection in a woman with a premature menopause.1 The introduction of sequential HRT frequently reintroduces premenstrual-like symptoms in susceptible women, and can be a factor in discontinuation of treatment.2 There are many clinical strategies that could be adopted to decrease the risk of HRT-induced premenstrual-like symptoms which include continuous combined therapy, intrauterine delivery of the progestogen, tibolone or raloxifene. This case illustrates the problems encountered by prescribers to find an individual tailored therapy which minimises side effects and maximises compliance.


Abstract The beneficial effect of balanced protein energy supplementation during pregnancy on subsequent child growth is unclear and may depend upon the mother entering pregnancy adequately nourished or undernourished. Systematic reviews to‐date have included studies from high‐, middle‐ and low‐income countries. However, the effect of balanced protein energy supplementation should not be generalised. This review assesses the effect of balanced protein energy supplementation in undernourished pregnant women from low‐ and middle‐income countries on child growth. A systematic review of articles published in English (1970–2015) was conducted via MEDLINE, Scopus, the Cochrane Register and hand searching. Only peer‐reviewed experimental studies analysing the effects of balanced protein energy supplementation in undernourished pregnant women from low‐ and middle‐income countries with measures of physical growth as the primary outcome were included. Two reviewers independently assessed full‐text articles against inclusion criteria. Validity of eligible studies was ascertained using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies (EPHPP QAT). In total, seven studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies reported on birthweight, five on birth length, three on birth head circumference, and one on longer‐term growth. Standardised mean differences were calculated using a random‐effects meta‐analysis. Balanced protein energy supplementation significantly improved birthweight (seven randomised controlled trials, n = 2367; d = 0.20, 95% confidence interval, 0.03–0.38, P = 0.02). No significant benefit was observed on birth length or birth head circumference. Impact of intervention could not be determined for longer‐term physical growth due to limited evidence. Additional research is required in low‐ and middle‐income countries to identify impacts on longer‐term infant growth.


Handbook of AIDS Psychiatry By M. A. Cohen, H. Goforth, J. Lux, S. Batista, S. Khalife, K. Cozza, J. Soffer. Oxford University Press USA. 2010. £35.00 (hb). 398pp. ISBN: 9780195372571

This handbook presents itself as a practical guide for AIDS psychiatrists and other mental health professionals.


ABSTRACT Zirconia (ZrO2) is a highly biocompatible ceramic material providing fracture strength properties that allow application as dental implants in biomedical engineering. In this present research, experimental analysis has been made for generating stepped hole on zirconia bioceramics with desired quality using ultrasonic machining (USM) process. Four independent controllable input process parameters are abrasive grain diameter, power rating, concentration of abrasive slurry, and tool feed rate. Material removal rate (MRR), overcut of larger diameter (OLD) hole, and overcut of smaller diameter (OSD) hole of stepped hole are considered as the responses. Response surface methodology (RSM) is used for modeling the performance of USM process. Multiobjective optimization has been performed to maximize the MRR and minimize the OLD hole and OSD hole of stepped holes. All the responses are improved at the optimal parametric condition and verified by confirmation test. The present research opens up the application feasibility of USM process for stepped hole generation on bioceramics and its utilization in biomedical field.


According to the construction characteristics of rail transit engineering and the features of safety culture, the paper illustrates the concept of safety culture. And on that basis, the development scheme of safety culture is set forth from the following four aspects: safety sense culture, safety system culture, safety behavior culture and safety material culture. Then take Ningbo Rail Transit Project for example, analyzing its status quo of safety culture construction and the present problems. And at last improving suggestions are put forward.


The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the effects of relational support, educational support and self-confidence on entrepreneurial intentions of undergraduate business students in a university.,To empirically validate the conceptual model and test the hypothesised relationships, the authors collected data from 227 business students at an AACSB-accredited university in Malaysia through random sampling.,The results were based on analyses from structural equation modelling using the SmartPLS software. The findings show that entrepreneurial intention of business students is significantly influenced by educational and relational support; however, the moderating effects of self-confidence in the relationship between educational support, relational support and entrepreneurial intention are not significant. The paper clearly shows that relational and educational supports are two important factors that can influence the entrepreneurial intention of university students.,This research contributes to literature on entrepreneurial motivations and intentions through its empirical findings of the hypothesised relationships. It theoretically contributes to existing knowledge by integrating relevant themes from entrepreneurial motivations theory and the theory of planned behaviour. Finally, it offers alternative recommendations to university authorities and policymakers about business students' entrepreneurship intention.


I sort of feel I'm still in there – as tentatively as I am – because I believe in the ability of the Church to change. I believe it can change. And I believe that it will change. And I want to be part of that. I feel, well, if I want something to change, I have to be invested in it. If I opt out, I'm leaving it to everybody else. Y'know? And I think that's why a lot of women have hung in because they ... see the value of staying somehow in there with the hope that it's going to change. ... It's not just that they're saying 'ah well, sure that's the way it is'. I don't think so. I think if you scrape the surface, most women are pretty pissed off.


Conventional noninvasive electroencephalogram (EEG) is limited to poor spatial resolution due to volume conduction effect. To overcome this limitation, the acoustoelectric effect (AE) based acoustoelectric brain imaging (ABI) is proposed for mapping brain electrical activity in a high temporal and spatial resolution. Through phantom and vivo rat brain experiments, this study investigated a biological current source coding mechanism with pulse focused ultrasound (PFU) at pulse repetition frequency (PRF). First, the current source coding mechanism is deduced in theory. Then, with phantom experiment, the coding relationship between AE signal and PRF is investigated in details. With different PRFs, including 100 Hz, 200 Hz, 500 Hz and 1 kHz, amplitude spectrum analysis results indicate that obvious high amplitude response of AE signal appear at each PRF and corresponding harmonic frequencies. And for different current sources of 10 Hz and 30 Hz, the AE signal oscillate at the the same frequency as corresponding PRF. Additionally, for each PRF, the decoded AE signal is of the same frequency and phase with the current source. Finally, coding mechanism is further validated in vivo rat experiment with different PRFs, including 500 Hz, 1 kHz and 2 kHz. The AE signal envelope and decoded AE signal both have significant correlation with low frequency EEG with ultrasound not only in the low frequency band but also in specific frequency. Also, the mean amplitude of delta rhythm respectively calculated from envelope of AE signal and decoded AE signal are obviously higher than the other rhythms which reflects the brain state of anesthesia or lethargy. These theory and experiment results validate that PFU has a coding effect on current source at PRF and demonstrate the feasibility of restoring current source from the coded AE signal which are critical for making ABI a clinical neuroimaging technique.


In a practical video encoder,a video sequence obtained from a CCD camera inevitably conveys noise.The noise term degrades not only image quality but also coding efficiency.By analyzing the characteristics of CCD noise and taking into account the impact of video noise upon Sum Norm Difference(SND) and Sum of Absolute Difference(SAD) of a macro-block,a Noise Variance Adaptive two-stage Successive Elimination Algorithm(NVA-SEA) for block motion estimation is presented.For reducing the additional computation cost,a noise variance estimation scheme that utilizes the by-product of block matching is also proposed.Simulation results demonstrate that the estimated noise variance is accurate enough for the application.The proposed NVASEA can achieve almost the same performance as that of SEA with considerable complexity reduction.


The work is devoted to the development, fabrication and analysis of broadband W / Si multilayer mirrors for a broadband monochromator, calculated for the spectral range of 7–10 keV. The possibility of using the stacking approach to obtain multilayer mirrors with a reflection coefficient of about 30% and a spectral bandwidth ΔE / E of about 20% is shown. The results of measurements of the angular and spectral reflection curves of the mirror obtained on a laboratory diffractometer and on a synchrotron in Novosibirsk are presented.


Hierarchical flower-shaped NPB architectures are prepared via a facile solvent evaporation method and investigated by means of SEM, TEM, FT-IR, and XRD. The results indicate that each NPB flower is composed of a number of randomly oriented nanoflakes, which are single crystals and connect with each other. Furthermore, time-dependent experiments reveal that the NPB flowers are formed via a heterogeneous nucleation, coupled with "Ostwald ripening". The densely packed films of NPB flowers, which can withstand extreme conditions, e.g., high temperature, strong acid, and strong alkali possess a durable water-repellent property.


HAMMETT [1925] concluded that "The percentage of water in bones of both sexes decreases with age. This is largely due to ash deposition. The increase in percentage of organic matter is a minor factor. " He also pointed out, " If the percentage values be charted it is seen that the curves for ash and water simulate that of a monomolecular autocatalyzed reaction." Bone growth and ossification are however the results of numerous changes taking place simultaneously. A study of these individual changes in normal bone growth was undertaken before the study of certain pathological conditions. The methods used have been described [Burns & Henderson, 1935]. Cats and dogs were used, as they were available and of suitable size. Some work was also done on the herbivores, goats, sheep and rabbits, but as they showed the presence of certain species differences they will be dealt with in a subsequent paper. The cats and dogs used were bred domestically and the mothers were given ample mixed domestic diets. The mother cats received 1 pint of milk per head per day normally; this was increased to 2 pint during lactation. The bitch received i pint usually and 1 pint during lactation. The animals were free to play in the sunshine. Ample calcium and phosphate were added to the diet in the form of bones and fish heads. The young weaned themselves gradually, and were put on to the same diet as their mothers with the necessary addition to the quantity of milk. Weaning was complete at 21-25 days. Figures were also secured from two adult cats and one adult dog, of unknown breed and diet, and from pooled samples from the long bones of the hind-legs of four embryos from a large mongrel bitch. The age of the embryos was unknown, but they were hairless and the fresh weight of the sixteen femora and humeri was 0819 g. which may be compared with 1-463 g., the weight of the two femora of a newly born pup from a much smaller terrier bitch. The first factor studied in these animals was the relation between age and the relative proportion of epiphysis to whole bone both fresh and dry (Table I).


In this investigation, I will be basing hypothesis testing on the hedonic pricing theory. Essentially, this theory states that the price of a good is determined by the various characteristics of that good. Therefore, more desirable characteristics will lead to a higher price of the good. In the case of this study, third-party verification is the characteristic of interest, which is essentially a written guarantee of quality. By bringing in a third-party to verify a building's claim of sustainability, the risk of whether the property is truly environmentally friendly or not is taken away. This then leads me to my hypothesis that green-certified houses that are third-party verified will carry a higher price premium than green-certified houses without this verification. This article is based on Mr. Bolton's fall semester senior seminar project. His Honors project of the same title is available online. This article is available in The Park Place Economist: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/parkplace/vol26/iss1/10


Abstract A 64-channel Laser Environmental Airborne Fluorosensor (LEAF) system for sea surface oil detection was modified for continuous depth-resolved detection of gelbstolT and chlorophyll a spectral fluorescence, and water Raman scattering. The system was successfully tested during shipborne and airborne experiments in the St. Lawrence Estuary. System performance was studied, and the best integration time to optimize the signal to noise ratio (S/N) was determined using dilTerent statistical procedures such as the geophysical and robust statistical methods. In general, raw data indicated S/N of about 150, 10, and 4 for Raman. gelbstolT and chlorophyll a signals, respectively. Results with calibrated LEAF spectra clearly indicated that, with this system, water Raman scattering, geibstolT and chlorophyll a signals could be detected down to a maximum depth of 4·8 m. Spatial distribution of these quantities compared well with simultaneously observed ill Silll structure of oceanographic variables, such as, un...


Let (Ω, SF, (u^f)f>0, P) be a complete probability space, where the family (ff~t)t>Q of σ-algebras is assumed to be increasing and continuous on the right. All the processes have values in a measure space (i?, .58), where β$ is a Borel σ-algebra. We assume that the observable process X = (Xt, fft) is a semimartingale. As regards the non-observable process Υ — (Υι, SFt),we assume that Yt = Y$ + bt + mt, where b = (bt, cFt) is a process of an integrable variation, and (mt, cFt) is a martingale. The filtration problem consists in finding an integral representation for an optimal estimate of a moving state Υt of the process Υ in terms of observations of the process X up to a time t. It is known that if Υ is locally square-integrable, then the optimal estimate is a modification of the process (nt{Y), &?), where nt{Y) = M(Yi\9 f) and &f=o{Xs, s < i}. 2. In what follows we use the notation and results in [1] [ 5 ] . Let μ(ω, dt, dx) be a measure of the jumps of X; we denote by ν(ω, dt, dx) (v(u>, dt, dx)) the dual ^-predictable(^^-predictable) projection of μ. It follows from [ 1 ] that X admits the representation


An SEIR epidemic transmission model is formulated under the assumption that the force of infection at the present time depends on the number of infectives at the past. It is shown that a desease free equilibrium is globally stable if no epidemic equilibrium point exists. Further the epidemic equilibrium (if it exists) is globally stable in the who;e state space except the neighborhood of the desease free equilibrium.


With the launch of ChiNext,a series of problems are coming out.It raises more concern about systematic risks.This paper conducts a quantitative analysis on the systemic risks of ChiNext,indicating that during June 2010 to August 2012,the systemic risk proportion of ChiNext is 60.8%on average.Furthermore,authors selected indicators from four aspects,which are the macroeconomic,market volatility of the main boards,expansion of ChiNext and government regulation,and analyzed how these elements affected the systemic risks through regression analysis.The result shows that the macroeconomic,expansion of ChiNext and government regulation have significant impacts on the systemic risk.But the ChiNext shows a characteristic of government-driven,which means that when the government regulation aims to curb the market speculation or prevent superheating,the systematic risk ratio would rise.


The thought that CPC is the steadfast representative of China' s advanced Productivity contributes to new creativity of CPC' s construction theories. The profound theoretical basis is built on principles of economy and politics relations, principles of productivity and relation of production. It also practically draws upon lessons from experiences in history and conclusions to realistic experiments. "Science is the primary productivity" is necessity of the creativity; this creativity directs the successfully forthcoming course of China' s socialist modernization.


After several years of prenegotiations, the library of the University for Music and Performing Arts in Graz takes over the collection of the Johann-Josef-Fux-Academy of Music.


Based on the information obtained from the PPLP Riau training, the tight smash of athletes sepaktakraw PPLP that there is now not showing the maximum of smash kedeng. This can be seen from the smasher often fails to smash kedeng with hard and sharp, besides that smash is often inaccurate and the ball is often out at the time of smash. The purpose of this research is to know the correlation between leg muscle power with the result of smash kedeng man athlete sepaktakraw PPLP Riau. The population in this research man is athletes sepaktakraw PPLP Riau, amounting to 12 people. Sampling in this research using total sampling technique, so the sample in this study amounted to 12 people. The instrument used to collect data is the leg muscle power test using vertical power jump test and the smash test can be measured with the ability to test smash kedeng. Data Analyzed technique using correlation of momet product. Based on the results of research that has been authors described in the previous chapter, it can be concluded that the results obtained leg muscle power has a relationship with the results of kedeng smash on athletes sepaktakraw man PPLP Riau, this is seen from the results of analysis stating that the results r arithmetic (0.679 )> r table (0.602).


We study the dimer-dimer scattering length $a_4$ for a two-component Fermi mixture in which the different fermions have different masses $m\us$ and $m\ds$. This is made in the framework of the exact field theoretical method. In the large mass ratio domain the equations are simplified enough to lead to an analytical solution. In particular we link $a_4$ to the fermion-dimer scattering length $a_3$ for the same fermions, and obtain the very simple relation $a_4=a_3/2$. The result $a_4 \simeq a_3/2$ is actually valid whatever the mass ratio with quite good precision. As a result we find an analytical expression providing $a_4$ with a fairly good precision for any masses. To dominant orders for large mass ratio it agrees with the literature. We show that, in this large mass ratio domain, the dominant processes are the repeated dimer-dimer Born scatterings, considered earlier by Pieri and Strinati. We conclude that their approximation, of retaining only these processes, is a fairly good one whatever the mass ratio.


PEPP (PerformanceEvaluation ofParallel Programs) is a modeling tool for creating and evaluating stochastic graph models of parallel and distributed programs. PEPP offers functions for graphical model creation and various evaluation methods for calculating the mean runtime of a program. Besides, PEPP supports our idea of model-driven monitoring, where modeling and monitoring is integrated into a comprehensive methodology to ease performance evaluation, tuning, and debugging of parallel and distributed systems.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the forest experience on elementary students' environmental sensitivity and cognition ability. The forest experience was applied to the experimental group and the control group was taught by the traditional teaching method focused on teachers' lecture for 8 lessons. The pre-test, the 1st, and 2nd post-test for environmental sensitivity were applied to both groups to analyze the effects of the forest experience. After then the results were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and ANCOVA. And the narration test for cognition ability on learning a environmental context was applied to only the experimental group and the results were analyzed. As a result, the students' environmental sensitivity was not significantly different(p<.05) between experimental and control groups in terms of the pre-test score. However, the 1st and 2nd post-test scores of experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group in term of the level of environmental sensitivity(F=9.28, p<.01, F=10.95, p<.01). The results of the forest experience in the aspect of cognition ability, 'the sound of nature(61%)', 'the smiling forest path which blooming out(57%)', and 'one's own places(52%) were high but 'the kinds and characteristics of the roots(30%)' was low. In conclusion, the forest experience made a positive effect on the students' environmental sensitivity and cognition ability through the direct observation, data collection, and analysis on the nearby natural environment.


In recent years, machine learning approaches, and in particular deep neural networks, have yielded significant improvements on several natural language processing and computer vision tasks; however, such breakthroughs have not yet been observed in the area of information retrieval. Besides the complexity of IR tasks, such as understanding the user's information needs, a main reason is the lack of high-quality and/or large-scale training data for many IR tasks. This necessitates studying how to design and train machine learning algorithms where there is no large-scale or high-quality data in hand. Therefore, considering the quick progress in development of machine learning models, this is an ideal time for a workshop that especially focuses on learning in such an important and challenging setting for IR tasks. The goal of this workshop is to bring together researchers from industry---where data is plentiful but noisy---with researchers from academia---where data is sparse but clean to discuss solutions to these related problems.


A roving survey was conducted in six taluks of Bagalkot districts during 2018-19 for the per cent disease incidence of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and aphids AE‰A½AE‰AEµA¯A'AEŸA½n in top three leaves. In the CMV infected plants, yellow to dark green mA½AE©A¯AnAI• crackling and downward curling were typical symptoms. This virus is AEšAEŒA'nAEmAAE©AžAš by aphids in a nonpersistent manner. During survey it was observed that, the disease incidence ranged from 13-66%. Highest mean incidence of disease was nA½AEŸcAžAš in Badami taluk (49.58%) whereas disease incidence lowest in Jamakhandi taluk (29.50%). More number of aphids AE‰A½AE‰AEµA¯A'AEŸA½n was observed in Badami (18.10) and least AE‰A½AE‰AEµA¯A'AEŸA½n in Jamakhandi (10.75).


A mode-matching technique is formulated to solve for the full-wave scattering of a corrugated cylinder-tipped wedge in the presence of an impressed electric or magnetic line source. The corrugations have the shape of angular sectors. The primary objective of this work is to investigate the impact of corrugations on the scattered field in the shadow region of the structure. An optimally designed corrugated cylinder placed at the tip of a conducting wedge can effectively suppressed scattering in the shadow region. Numerical results shown in this paper prove the above concept.


Sociolinguistic is the branch of linguistic which studies the relation between language and society. Sociolinguistic also discusses the variation in language or variation within speech communities. One of variation in sociolinguistic is colloquial. Colloquial is ordinary, relaxed, informal speech which is used contractions, connecting words and phrases, abbreviated utterances, many words and expressions which we would avoid in formal context. In this study, the writer focused on colloquial words in song lyric from Black Eyed Peas album "Monkey
Business." There are two problems that analyzed by the writer, those are what the colloquial words are found in song lyric from "Monkey Business" album by Black Eyed Peas, and what the meanings of the colloquial words are found in song lyric from "Monkey Business" album by Black Eyed Peas.
This study used descriptive qualitative research, because there was no treatment like in experimental research and the data were collected in the form of words, not in form of number.
The writer on this thesis used the objective approach because the writer just wants to analyze the content of Black Eyed Peas' song lyric in "Monkey Business" album by emphasizing on the colloquial words of the lyric itself without analyzing the background of the work or society and
the author's life. The object of this study was Black Eyed Peas' song lyric in "Monkey Business" album which consisted of 16 songs.
The writer was helped by two interpreters to analyze the colloquial words. The results of this thesis showed that there were 146 colloquial words found in Black Eyed Peas song lyric from "Monkey Business" album. Most of the colloquial words found in the song lyric were abbreviation. There were some differences among three interpreters to interpret the meaning of colloquial words. From 146 words, there were 17 colloquial words which three interpreters had
different interpretation. It is due to several factors; the interpreters level of ability, the interpreter frequency of English exposure and the availability supporting facilities.


Objective To study the effects of acute hypoxia combined with exercise and hypoxic preconditioning on the development of high altitude pulmonary edema.Methods Healthy male and female SD rats(n=30)were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group(n=10),acute hypoxic group(n=10,at 5 000 m)and 3 000 m hypoxic preconditioning group(n=10).The pulmonary arterial pressure was observed and pulmonary tissue was collected for pathological study.Results PaO2 and SaO2 in acute hypoxic group decreased significantly.Water ratio of lung and lung-body weight index increased significantly.Pulmonary interstitial edema was found in rats exposed to simulated altitude of 5 000 m for 24 hours.Hypoxic preconditioning relieved severity of pulmonary edema.Conclusions We successfully developed the model of high altitude pulmonary interstitial edema by exposed SD rats to simulated altitude of 5000m for 24 hours and hypoxic preconditioning model.


• Components of Photochemical Smog • Why High Levels of Ozone in the Air are Undesirable Antioxidants in the Lungs Ozone as an Oxidizing Agent • Automobile Emissions Increase Ozone Concentrations Incomplete Combustion of Gasoline Produces Volatile Organic Hydrocarbons (VOC) Combustion at High Temperatures Produces NO VOC, NO and Sunlight Result in Ozone Formation • Reducing Nitrogen Oxides and VOC Emissions Catalytic Converters Zero Emissions Vehicles (ZEVs): Electric Vehicles • Current Technology for Electric Vehicles How Lead-Acid Batteries Work Drawbacks to Lead-Acid Batteries • Vanadium Redox Flow Battery: A Possible Alternative to Lead-Acid Batteries for Electric Vehicles


The present invention relates to the insulation monitoring device. Object of the present invention is the ability to use a simple structure, low cost, easy to implement and highly reliable power monitoring, as the original function of the circuit breaker switching control unit, but also capable of detecting current converter that detects a voltage transformer and a leakage current detecting zero-phase-sequence current transformer. Further, a display of various measured values according to the function of the above circumstances, and, in order to convert into a digital signal for data transmission, the display unit enables the installation location of the measuring unit to leave.


Social cohesion among peers profoundly influences decision making during adolescence. Despite this, the current research is very limited concerning the association of social cohesion and intimacy among rural adolescent peers with dietary intake and weight outcomes. This is problematic because social cohesion could be an unknown contributing factor in obesity among rural adolescents. The purpose of this study was to investigate how social cohesion and intimacy among rural adolescents in Kentucky and North Carolina affects the outcomes of a text message intervention aimed at improving fruit, vegetable, fast food and sugar sweetened beverage intake. Additionally, to determine if social cohesion is an independent contributing factor to dietary intakes and weight outcomes among rural adolescents. It was found that the intervention had no effect on fruit and vegetable consumption and purchases and sugar sweetened beverage calories. However, the intervention did have a modest effect on the amount of times fast food was consumed per week. intake, and fast food intake, and food cohesion for both the and intervention groups at baseline and post intervention. Then, a linear regression model was used to determine the association between dietary intake and food cohesion for those in the intervention group with high food cohesion compared to those in the control group with high food cohesion. The tests were controlled for age, gender and race. Correlation coefficients and p-values for the control and intervention groups from baseline to post intervention were compared for significance. Additionally, correlation coefficients between the two groups post intervention were compared to determine how intake changed in terms of serving sizes and calories. For ease of interpreting, the coefficients were back transformed out of the natural log format. Results were analyzed to determine how fruit and vegetable intake, sugar-sweetened beverage intake, and fast food intake varied within and between both the control and intervention groups in terms of level of food cohesion.


Interaction in virtual reality environments is still a challenging task. Static hand posture recognition is currently the most common and widely used method for interaction using glove input devices. In order to improve the naturalness of interaction, and thereby decrease the user-interface learning time, there is a need to be able to recognize dynamic gestures. In this paper we describe our approach to overcoming the difficulties of dynamic gesture recognition (DGR) using neural networks. Backpropagation neural networks have already proven themselves to be appropriate and efficient for posture recognition. However, the extensive amount of data involved in DGR requires a different approach. Because of features such as topology preservation and automatic-learning, Kohonen Feature Maps are particularly suitable for the reduction of the high dimensional data space that is the result of a dynamic gesture, and are thus implemented for this task.