Objective:To observe the curative effects of salvia miltiorrhiza injection plus decoction of promoting blood circulation (PBC) and removing blood stasis(RBS) based on syndromes differ treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS).Methods:64 cases with PNS were randomly divided into two groups.The control group ( n =30) was treated with steroid (prednison) while the treated group ( n =34) based on steroid therapy treated with salvia miltiorrhiza injection 20 ml+5% glucose 250 ml infused intravenously and decoction of PBC and RBS taken orally.Results:In treated group the blood cholesterol and viscosity were obviously depressed and in comparison with control group the differences were significant ( P 0 05 or P 0 01),otherwise in treated group the total effective rate was 94 1% but in control group was 83 3% so that in comparison between two groups the difference was significant (χ 2=5 76, P 0 05).Conclusions:The treatment with decoction of PBC and RBS,salvia miltiorrhiza injection,and steroid for PNS is an effective method.


In many Sub Saharan Africa countries, access to electricity to electricity is very low in rural areas. For example in Ghana only 27% of rural households have access. However, extending the grid in these countries faces significant technical and financial constraints and many see decentralised systems particularly those using renewable energy as being enormously important. This presupposes the adoption of standalone technologies by a large number of poor farm households who are currently off-grid is likely. However, such households in LDCs typically face a range of market imperfections in credit, product and other markets. This paper explores the potential value of access to electricity for poor agricultural households and the extent to which credit and output market imperfections may inhibit the uptake of stand-alone solar panels using a life cycle farm household simulation model which allows for credit constraints and yield risk.


This article deals with a method of image segmentation basing on wavelet transforms. A test image covered with areas of different textures is considered. Segmentation results are presented and discussed.


The oxidation kinetics of powdered silicon nitride were studied in dry oxygen and dry air at 1 atm pressure between 1065° and 1340°C. An automatic recording electrobalance was used to measure the weight gain as a function of time. Parabolic oxidation kinetics were observed with an activation energy of 61 kcal/mol in dry oxygen and 68 kcal/mol in dry air. The oxidation rate in dry oxygen was approximately twice that in air. The solid oxidation product was tridymite above 1125°C and amorphous silica at 1067°C.


The efficient application of biomass cogeneration, to produce heat and electrical energy for internal processing and non-process demands for 85% of the year, and the production of surplus electricity for exportation to the grid, is the natural trajectory for the Jamaican sugar cane industry. The case study, Frome Sugar Company Ltd., (59,430 tonnes sugar/yr.), has among other environmental benefits, potential avoided fuel costs of US $1.15 billion, sequestering 480,617 tons of carbon with a potential for US$2.4 million in revenue from joint partnering in a Clean Development Mechanism over a 15 year period. Through a US$22.26 million capital investment at 14% interest, and concomitant upgrade of process equipment, overall factory efficiencies can be greatly improved and these benefits obtained. The production of fuelwood from company plantations at US$8.90/ton can facilitate a unit cost of energy (UCE) of US$0.04/kWh, annual income of US$11.37 million and internal rate of return (IRR) of 11.3%. An equal generation capacity using fuel oil to meet surplus generation requirements would cost US$7.95 million in capital costs, UCE of US$0.04/kWh and IRR of 23%. However, legal, market and policy barriers must be removed as an incentive to activate sustainable national environmental, social and economic benefits.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


The impact of intergovernmental grants on the expenditures of recipients has been the focus of considerable investigation, while their impact on the relative sizes of the public and private sectors has been given little more than brief discussion. No well-defined structure has emerged to explain how a system of intergovernmental grants might affect public sector size. This article is a first attempt at such a structure. It investigates the impact of intergovernmental grants by comparing public sector size in the presence of conditional lump-sum grants to public sector size in their absence for given grantor and recipient preferences on the allocation of financial resources between the private and public sectors. Implications are drawn from the model and comments are made pertaining to the empirical investigations of grant effects on recipient governments spending.


Objective To investigate the misdiagnosis reasons and clinical characteristics of acute diarrhea in out-patient department.Methods The misdiagnosis reasons,manifestations,treatments and outcome were retrospectively analyzed in 32 cases with acute diarrhea enrolled in our clinic from May 1,2008 to October 31,2011.Results Nine cases with acute appendicitis were misdiagnosed,and the rate of misdiagnosis was highest.And six cases with ulcerative colitis,five cases with drug-related diarrhea,five cases with colorectal cancer were misdiagnosed.Besides,ectopic pregnancy,acute inferior myocardial infarction,acute pancreatitis,kidney stone,ischemic enteropathy were involved.All of them were cured or improved.Conclusion There is significance to be familiar with all kinds of diseases causing the acute diarrhea and grasp the scientific method.


This article discusses a special way in which Asian Catholic women have envisioned their roles in the religiously pluralistic context of Asia. By engaging in dialogue with other religions through service, inter-faith marriage, and collaboration with non-Christian women for women's liberation, these women have used their special gifts in communicating with other women to bring about a change in relationships among people of other religions. In addition, Asian women's theological reflection on interreligious dialogue helps enrich the church's understanding of their role in building a relationship between the church and Asian religions.


Discrimination on the basis of race is prohibited by state and federal law and Minnesota State Colleges and Universities (MnSCU) policy. Racial discrimination is conduct that is directed at an individual because of his/her race, color, or national origin and that subjects the individual to different treatment so as to interfere with or limit the ability of the individual to participate in, or benefit from, the services, activities, or privileges provided by Minnesota State University, Mankato, or otherwise adversely affects the individual's employment or education.


The Longest Common Increasing Subsequence (LCIS) is a variant of the classical Longest Common Subsequence (LCS), in which we additionally require the common subsequence to be strictly increasing. While the well-known "Four Russians" technique can be used to find LCS in subquadratic time, it does not seem applicable to LCIS. Recently, Duraj [STACS 2020] used a completely different method based on the combinatorial properties of LCIS to design an $\mathcal{O}(n^2(\log\log n)^2/\log^{1/6}n)$ time algorithm. We show that an approach based on exploiting tabulation can be used to construct an asymptotically faster $\mathcal{O}(n^2 \log\log n/\sqrt{\log n})$ time algorithm. As our solution avoids using the specific combinatorial properties of LCIS, it can be also adapted for the Longest Common Weakly Increasing Subsequence (LCWIS).


To establish and implement modern cost control stratagem needs to have the stratagem matching idea and the long period thought,to establish long-term aim,to control the source of cost and to carry out multi-level cost control.It's very important to put the idea,method and measure into all kinds of activities of an enterprise.This article mainly analyses the selection and foundation process of modern cost control stratagem,analyses the cause of cost generation and puts forward several methods of cost control.


The temperature stress of I-profile short axially-restricted column is studied, a regression formula of temperature stress is proposed, and it agrees well with the experimental results. The results show that steel structure member can be regarded as ideal elastic-plasticity body when analyzing its internal force in fire. In the elasticity state, the temperature stress increment depends only on the temperature, but the temperature of member can be determined from the value of original stress of member, at which the steel member is in plasticity state. It needs a quite longer period that the steel member becomes absolutely yield state from elastic-plasticity one. Therefore, it is possible that the internal force of statically indeterminate structure in fire design of steel structures is calculated by means of internal force of redistributing.


The effects of Ni addition on the microstructure and the electrical conductivity of silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics were investigated. The SiC ceramics containing more than 1.0wt% Ni were porous regardless of the sintering temperature, while the specimens containing less than 0.5wt% Ni and sintered at above 2050°C showed high densities (>98% of theoretical). The electrical conductivity at 300K of these dense SiC ceramics increased from 5×10-5 to 1×10-3S/m with Ni addition from 0wt% to 0.5wt%.


While schools should do this work due to the positive impact on all students, increasingly schools must do this work. Legal compliance, adherence to new federal and state policies, as well as society's shifting recognition and acceptance of gender's complexity all underscore the degree to which this topic is coming into focus. Beyond these external forces, children and youth are expanding ways in which they think about gender, both their own and that of their peers. Our educational institutions are obligated to respond accordingly.


The review presents a modern view on the features of the course and treatment of adhesions of the small intestine, based on modern epidemiological data, accepted guidelines for the diagnosis and nature of the treatment of different categories of patients. It is noted that adhesive intestinal obstruction is a symptom complex due to violation of the movement of contents through the intestines due to the presence of adhesions in the abdominal cavity after operations and injuries. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of diagnostics of various forms of the disease, which include the leading clinical symptoms, data of X-ray methods (X-ray and CT of the abdominal cavity), MRI, assessment of various biomarkers, indicators of the severity of the patient's condition. It is noted that at present the primary task in solving this problem is to study several controversial issues in this area. The main provisions of measures for the treatment of adhesive obstruction of the small intestine, based on the principles of non-surgical treatment in a certain category of patients, the use of surgical interventions strictly according to indications, especially in patients who need to perform repeated operations, were highlighted. Among them, special attention is paid to the features of open and minimally invasive surgical interventions. It is emphasized that at present, minimally invasive surgical interventions perform the main tasks of surgical treatment for adhesive ileus of the small intestine and significantly reduce surgical trauma in comparison with "open" methods of treatment, but these interventions have not widespread in the world yet.


. The linkage among information-intensive era, technology, and tourism industry build inseparable genetic relationship which is supposed to be realized in practice. Let alone in this digital era, the urgency to exploit information to the next level resulted in the need to bring a higher game on the technology in order to manage information effectively and efficiently. Tourism industry is categorized as complex system regarding the components substituted it. The diverse elements which interact with dynamics pace give birth to complex tasks to manage by the responsible parties and consequently enhance experience in tourism industry. Competing with complex situation, computerized decision system is urgently needed to collect and also distribute accurate knowledge of tourism industry, collaborate with both supporting public and private sectors, and gain rationality for all stakeholders in the system. Solo city, known also as Surakarta and located in Central Java (Indonesia), is obliged to do its tourism industry justice as it is an important vehicle for regional development of the city. Tourism industry of Solo city represents the major and significant contributor to the local economy to the point where tourism is the brand of Solo city. Taking the prior research finding, value orchestration platform to promote tourism in batik Solo industrial cluster into the reference, this study improves the model by highlighting the duality function the tourism website supposed to have using hashtag (#) minings principle as the latest user interface technology. This study proposes a collaborative website platform as a co-created decision support system to enhance tourism experience for tourist as consumer and optimize management process for Department of Culture and Tourism of Solo city as provider.


This paper explores the only universal election in Russia in the era of industrialization. Using a novel dataset on the 1917 Constituency Assembly elections, we find that a larger share of industrial workers dramatically increased voting for the radical left party, the Bolsheviks. We explore within-region variation in voting and use instrumental variables estimation, based on the presence of Carboniferous-era rock strata, to establish a causal relationship. We show that industrialization did not lead to a simple shift to the left but also polarized the electorate, pointing to a mechanism of political instability in revolutionary Russia.


The epoxyketone 3 is reduced by borohydride or a Wittig reagent to the oxiranes 6 or 9 respectively, which on acid hydrolysis yield 8a and 8b as derivatives of the title compound 1.


From the Publisher:
The introduction of .NET has blurred the lines between previously distinct programming disciplines. With so much functionality encapsulated by the .NET Framework class library, some very diverse tasks have gained a common programming interface that makes moving from one to another seem much less daunting. One area in which this change is particularly striking is web development: where ASP was the realm of script programmers, ASP.NET is implemented by a set of classes that enable you to create Internet applications using the same languages that you'd use for Windows desktop programs.
In Visual Studio .NET, Microsoft has taken this idea a stage further: not only does the code look similar, but the GUI looks similar too. Visual Basic .NET's familiar form-based interface is used for the development of web applications as well as for desktop programs. If you want to, you can create a web application without ever seeing a line of HTML code, and you can do so with all the facilities for testing and debugging that Visual Studio .NET provides to programmers of all types.
In this book, we'll take what you already know about creating desktop applications using Visual Basic .NET, and show you how to apply it to the Web. We'll teach you about the different thinking that you have to employ when writing web applications, and also tell you about some of the technologies that can help in the creation of compelling web content. In particular, we'll explore:
How the Web works: the Internet, HTTP, and the client-server architecture
Creating dynamic web pages with web forms and web server controls
Acquiring and displaying data using ADO.NET and Visual Studio .NET components
Debugging and error handling in ASP.NET applications
The importance of XML, and particularly its role in web services
Setting up your web server efficiently and securely
Assessing the performance of your application, and preparing it for release
Along the way, we'll be building a case study that demonstrates the use of these technologies in practice. That example, like all of the others in the book, is presented in Wrox's tried-and-tested Try It Out format.
This book is aimed at readers with some Visual Basic .NET experience who wish to begin web programming in ASP.NET using the Visual Studio .NET development environment. No previous knowledge of ASP is required.


Objective:To investigate the effects of acupunctur e at auriculo-and body-accupoints during early PN postoperatively on the immun e function in gastric cancer patients.Methods:32 cases of gastric cancer patients who received early P N(Nutrison Fibre, Nutricia) for 8 days were divided into two groups at randomiza tion after gastrectomy. The experimental group(n=16) received acupuncture at auriculo-and body-accupoints daily. The nutritional assessment, the phenotype (CD 3, CD 4, CD 8) of T-lymphocyte, the IgG, IgM, IgA in peripheral blood a nd the inflammatory responses(IL-6), PGE 2were measured before operation(POD0) and on postoperative day 1 and 8.Results:On day 8,as compared with the control group,the serum albumin rose obviously in the PN-acupuncture group(P0.05),CD 4 positive cells and CD 4/CD 8 were increased(P0.05);the levels of IgG were highe r (P0.05) , and the inflammatory responses (IL-6 , PGE 2) were signific antly decreased (P0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture at auriculo-and body-accupoints during early PN postoperatively can positively modulate the postsurgical immunosuppress ive and inflammatory responses.


Genotype environment interaction in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) was studied for grain yield by growing 10 to 12 genotypes at 4 locations for 4 years in Senegal. Genotype environment interaction was present; a large portion of the interaction was accounted for by the non-linear regression on the environmental means. Although the linear component was significant, its magnitude was considerable smaller than that of the non-linear component. All the genotypes except Souna III were stable and their responses to changes in environments could be predicted. The highest yielding entry was IBV 8001 which was significantly superior to the local checks in terms of grain yield production. IBV 8001 was the most desiderable genotype as it had the highest grain yield and slope of unity, and the mean square due to deviation from regression was zero


Back Issues: Single issues are $40 in the US and Canada and $45 elsewhere, or in bulk at reduced rates. Discounts: Educational and small businesses: 25% off any order. Copies: Each subscriber is licensed to make up to 10 copies of each issue or back issue. Please call for rates to allow more copies. TIA and ATIS are involved in a bitter dispute over whether (and how) their standards efforts should be merged. TCAP is widely incorporated in telecommunications applications protocols. What problems does it solve, and what unnecessary baggage does it bring? The latest information on published and emerging standards for CDPD and cdma2000 packet data. ATIS and TIA are the two major telecommunications standards-setting organizations in North America. ATIS evolved from ECSA (Exchange Carrier Standards Association), with a focus on backbone networks for telecommunications. TIA evolved from the EIA (now known as the Electronics Industries Alliance), focusing more on end-user equipment. The distinction between their study areas has gradually blurred, and both are now studying telecommunications signaling networks, wireless telecommunications and fiber optics. Since 1998, ATIS and TIA have been discussing a merger of their standards-setting operations, which would leave the TIA as a pure trade association. In September 2001, the TIA announced it was spinning off its standards-setting activities to a separate organization. Feeling this was an attempt to avoid a merger, on October 25 th , 2001, the ATIS board of directors sent a letter directly to the TIA board, calling for the stalled merger talks to proceed. the President of the TIA wrote back to Susan Miller, his counterpart at ATIS, stating he was " disappointed and offended " by this direct action. He stated he did not believe that the latest ATIS proposal was a " merger of equals " – it seemed more like a " takeover ". He noted that the TIA is many times larger than ATIS (although its standards-setting operation is similar in size), it has been around for many more years (the TIA has only been around since 1988, but the EIA existed long before TIA) and it has had one standards committee operating since 1944. It seems inevitable that North American telecommunications standards-setting will some day be performed by a single organization. But, given the hard feelings of today, it may not be soon. TCAP is commonly incorporated in application protocols using SS7 for transport, as described in …


The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between chronic self-concept with the perceived organizational justice in employees of governor of Golestan province and its affiliated organizations. The research method was descriptive, correlation type. There were randomly participated 234 employees of governor of Golestan and its affiliated organizations in this study. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using structural equations model. The results showed a significant relationship between chronic self-concept with all dimensions of the perceived organizational justice.


The management of furcation involvement is found to be one of the greatest challenges in periodontal therapy as they respond less favourably to the conventional periodontal therapy, and the molars are lost more often than any other tooth type. This may be due to the complexity and difficulty in treating the furcation involved areas during periodontal therapy. The necessity for better survival rate strives for better standards of treatment. The objective of this study is to find the survival rate of Grade II furcation-involved teeth following periodontal therapy. The data analysis of 86,000 patient data records were done and required data regarding periodontal parameter, demographic details preoperative and findings of tooth survival 6 month after periodontal therapy was extracted and descriptive statistics were performed on the data in IBM SPSS Statistical Analyzer (23.0 version) after the data were tabulated. The survival rate of Grade II furcation involved teeth was found to be 66.35%. The survival of Grade II furcation involved mandibular molars was found to have a better survival rate when compared to maxillary molars and (Chi square value, p value =0.003(<0.05)). Also the survival of teeth was found to decrease with increase in mobility (Chi square value, p value =0.000(<0.05)) and with increased bone loss (Chi square value, p value =0.002(<0.05)). Within the limitations of the study, the survival of Grade II furcation involved teeth was found to be moderate post periodontal treatment.


Non Uniform Illumination in an image often leads to diminished structures and inhomogeneous intensities due to different texture of the object surface and shadows cast from different light source directions. It is one of the most important factors affecting the appearance of an image, more adverse in case of biological images. Various techniques such as segmentation, edge detection and contrast enhancement using Histogram Equalization could not differentiate between some of the particles and their background. For applications, including particles/objects to be studied or analysed, these techniques give faulty results due to changes in actual shapes and sizes of the particles in the resulting image. This paper is aimed to remove these problems in microscopic image processing by removing the problem of non-uniform background illumination from the image using Morphological Opening, Adaptive Histogram Equalization and Edge detection techniques for particle analysis , a comparative study have been shown and a new algorithm is proposed for removing the problem of nonuniform background illumination in biological images such as visualizing and estimation of growth of a fungus in a particular sample to transform the input image to its indexed form with maximum accuracy involving morphological openings and structuring element design using Morphological Opening. The methodology used for solving the problem is estimating accurate background approximation as a http://www.ijccr.com VOLUME 1 ISSUE 3 MANUSCRIPT 14 NOVEMBER 2011 surface to extract the non-uniform background from the image and then constructing the new image by subtracting this estimated background from the original image. Results reveal the various particles present in the image with exact boundaries along with the removal of non-uniform illumination at the background. Histograms are plotted of the resulting images and compared at the end. Surface approximation plots for background of images from two techniques are compared to estimate the exact non-uniform background from image by both the steps.


A homemade low-cost bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) setup can be created using resources available at most secondary healthcare facilities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This setup has the potential of saving millions of children's lives worldwide; however, treatment failure due to bCPAP setup insufficiencies and lack of educated staff remains a significant obstacle. Here, we report a first-hand experience on the use of an established low-cost bCPAP setup to be used in LMICs and how optimization of two parameters was critical to effectively treat a severe case of lower respiratory disease in a 6-month-old infant in Tanzania. We report this case to strengthen that reducing the resistance in the tube system and minimizing air leakage at the nasal interface are crucial for efficient delivery of the CPAP therapy.


The bar provides an important site for hyper-performativity in which to observe interactions in North American society. This research examines how dynamics between actors in a bar (bartenders, servers, customers, managers and coworkers) produce, reproduce and contest gender and status differences through techniques of seduction and power. My methods of research include drawing on insight from my personal experience working in bars, participant observation and in-depth interviews with 17 male and female workers. I examine the costs and benefits of emotional management in the workplace, the reproduction of gender performances through sexual division of labor, emotional management and alcoholic beverages, as well as the ways in which power is produced and exercised between individuals of varying status. A workers level of integration of self into their work role is a significant factor in determining their job satisfaction level as well as possible psychological implications of the work process. Workers with high levels of autonomy possessed the greatest levels of job satisfaction. Men and women exercise power in different ways, and therefore, power is also gendered but is not restricted to the asymmetrical limitations explicit in gender and status differences. Although the micro-politics of resistance do not elicit major and immediate changes on a macro-scale, it is important to acknowledge moments of resistance between individuals as essential sites of analysis of both men and women as active participants in the cycle of production, reproduction and contestation of existing societal values related to gender and status differences.


Seismic phase analysis of seismogram is a fundamental work for earthquake prediction. The study on seismogram has been made further with the development of earthquake prediction. The characteristics of different types of the seismic phases for the earthquakes with different distance and direction are given by examples and the phase difference between earthquake and explosion is discussed, in order to better recognize the seismic phases for the earthquakes occurred in Shanxi province.


Practical Forensic Microscopy is described by its authors as a comprehensive lab manual that adapts microscopic procedures used in the forensic laboratory to practical experiments that can be taught in college laboratories. Hence, its primary target audience is students enrolled in forensic science programs, but it is also aimed at practitioners looking for an accessible introduction to the use of microscopy in forensic science. After some brief, and important, introductory material on laboratory safety and microscope maintenance, the layout of the book is in three groups of chapters or 'experiments'. In the first group, the authors cover a basic introduction to the use of various types of microscope from the simple stereomicroscope to more advanced and specialist techniques such as fluorescence microscopy. The second group of chapters deal with 'application' experiments. There are 16 application areas, some with several experiments. For example Chapter 15 considers hairs and includes four subcategories of animal hair, human hair, racial and somatic origin and evaluation of human hair for DNA. The third group of chapters looks at instrumental microscopy. This is where the microscope is the 'visual' component of an analytical instrument such as infrared microspectrophotometry or a specialist form of microscopy such as scanning electron microscopy. Each chapter includes objectives for the student, an explanation of the topic with some introductory material to guide the actual experiment. The authors acknowledge that in writing this manual they could not begin to comprehend the time and effort that would be required. Given the breadth of topics covered this is not difficult to understand. They also acknowledge that some concessions have been made in accuracy and precision to produce accessible student level experiments. By the very nature of the breadth of topics included it is a case of a 'kilometre wide' and a 'few centimetres deep' with a bit more detail in some areas than others, one assumes reflecting the main interests of the authors. Some of the experiments cover rather outdated techniques and some techniques, such as drug microcrystalline tests, are US specific. Some aspects of this book were disappointing. Although I do not consider myself pedantic about typographical errors, there were some bad examples which one would have expected to have been picked up at proof stage. For a book on microscopy I was also rather disappointed with the quality of photographs and, overall, I thought the book could have been a lot more visual. Furthermore, although the book does not purport to be an in-depth theoretical treatment of microscopy, I would have liked to have seen a bit more detail about microscope components in the early chapters. An additional chapter on how to record images would also have been very valuable. Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol. 41, No. 1, June 2009, 81–84


A study on coke wastewater treatment with nitrous nitrification-denitrification process was carried out. The result showed that good effects could be achieved by this process for coke wastewater treatment. Nitrosomonas would be inhibited when free ammonia concentrations in wastewater were too high or too low; nitrobacteria could adapt to the environment of high free ammonia. There were the functions of nitrogen removal under aerobic condition, and their removal efficiency could exceed one third of the total nitrogen removal.


In this paper we provide a new obstruction to 0-concordance of knotted surfaces in $S^4$ in terms of Alexander ideals. We use this to prove the existence of infinitely many linearly independent 0-concordance classes and to provide the first proof that the submonoid of 2-knots is not a group. The main result is that the Alexander ideal induces a homomorphism from the 0-concordance monoid $\mathscr{C}_0$ of oriented surface knots in $S^4$ to the ideal class monoid of $\mathbb{Z}[t^{\pm1}]$. Consequently, any surface knot with nonprincipal Alexander ideal is not 0-slice and in fact, not invertible in $\mathscr{C}_0$. Many examples are given. We also characterize which ideals are the ideals of surface knots, generalizing a theorem of Kinoshita, and generalize the knot determinant to the case of nonprincipal ideals. Lastly, we show that under a mild condition on the knot group, the peripheral subgroup of a knotted surface is also a 0-concordance invariant.


We conducted systematic observations of the H i Brα (4.05 μm) and Brβ (2.63 μm) lines in 52 nearby (z < 0.3) ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) with AKARI. Among 33 ULIRGs wherein the lines are detected, 3 galaxies show anomalous Brβ/Brα line ratios (∼1.0), which are significantly higher than those for case B (0.565). Our observations also show that ULIRGs have a tendency to exhibit higher Brβ/Brα line ratios than those observed in Galactic H ii regions. The high Brβ/Brα line ratios cannot be explained by a combination of dust extinction and case B since dust extinction reduces the ratio. We explore possible causes for the high Brβ/Brα line ratios and show that the observed ratios can be explained by a combination of an optically thick Brα line and an optically thin Brβ line. We simulated the H ii regions in ULIRGs with the Cloudy code, and our results show that the high Brβ/Brα line ratios can be explained by high-density conditions, wherein the Brα line becomes optically thick. To achieve a column density large enough to make the Brα line optically thick within a single H ii region, the gas density must be as high as n ∼ 108 cm−3. We therefore propose an ensemble of H ii regions, in each of which the Brα line is optically thick, to explain the high Brβ/Brα line ratio.


FROM REMBRANDT to Monet, Da Vinci to Picasso, high-value art works have always been a target for criminal forgers. But AI, ultra-high-resolution photography, electron microscopy, materials science, and multi-spectral cameras are helping to differentiate the copies and forgeries from the real, assisting art historians and valuers in deciding what should be in the museum basement and what should be proudly on show.


The aromatic amino acids biosynthetic pathway is viewed conventionally and primarily as the source of the amino acids L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine. The authors have recognized the expanded role of the pathway as the major source of aromatic raw materials on earth. With the development of metabolic engineering approaches, it is now possible to biosynthesize a wide variety of aromatic compounds from inexpensive, clean, abundant, renewable sugars using fermentation methods. Examples of already and soon-to-be commercialized biosynthesis of such compounds are described. The long-term prospects are also assessed.


The Microsoft Kinect is a sensor module that allows accurate tracking of humans moving in front of it. Greenfoot is an introductory Java programming environment that makes it easy to create animated graphical projects. By combining Greenfoot and the Kinect students can write programs where the user's body is used for input. Users interact with games by waving their hands, jumping, running, dancing, .... These kinds of programs are incredibly good fun and engage target groups who would not normally be interested in programming. The workshop is aimed at teachers of introductory programming courses (high school/university) who have some programming experience and want to incorporate new kinds of projects into their teaching. Laptop recommended but not required. Kinect hardware will be provided.


This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 6 use of FMT for various colonic disorders, including IBD such as UC. Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the application of FMT in IBD have focused on UC, which might be simpler in terms of objective clinical metrics, compared with CD. Four RCTs about FMT in adult patients with UC have been published. Although these RCTs have significant heterogeneity with different methods of stool preparation, routes of administration, doses, and selection and preparation of the patient, RCTs and meta-analysis suggest that short-term use of FMT might be beneficial for clinical and endoscopic improvement in mild to moderate UC patients. However, before FMT can be recommended as a routine therapeutic practice, further studies are necessary to define the optimal timing, optimal dosing frequency, route of delivery, role of antibiotic preconditioning, and donor selection for each patient, as well as its longterm safety and efficacy as a maintenance therapy. In this issue of Intestinal Research, Sood et al. published the therapeutic outcomes of multi-session FMT over 22 weeks via colonoscopy, in patients with steroid dependent UC. The study results showed a better outcome compared to previous 4 RCTs. At week 24, steroid-free clinical remission, clinical response, and endoscopic remission was 46.3%, 75.6%, and 63.4% respectively. Better responses might be attributed to the route of administration and dosing frequency. The 4 RCTs varied in terms of the FMT infusion protocol, especially the route of adminisMulti-session fecal microbiota transplantation using colonoscopy has favorable outcomes for the treatment of steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis


Because of the fluctuation on the freight,freight keeping has been an important issue concemed by all parties in container transportation.In the light of the natures of container transportation and the experience of the freight derivatives established abroad,this paper presents a market frame of freight keeping for container transportation,i.e.creating a retail market of Forward Freight Contract centralized by market makers to help small or medium foreign trade firms,forwarders and shipping lines to avoid price uncertainty,and meanwhile establishing market of Forward Freight Agreement to help market maker,large companies and shippers to hedge freight.


Ottoman East. The error is more than a matter of simple inaccuracy. Renaissance commentators (including the unknown author of the Morbisanus text) marveled at the Great Turk's supposed emulation of Western Civilization: he had Greek and Latin histories read to him; he wished to surpass Alexander; he wanted to avenge his "Trojan" ancestors; he dreamed of conquering Italy. How true was any of this? Ottoman historians believe Mehmed II was more concerned with taking on the older and more culturally prestigious Islamic dynasties to his east and south. Certainly most of the architectural projects the Ottomans sponsored in Istanbul, Bursa, and Edirne reflect the young dynasty's insecurity with respect to the great powers of the Muslim East rather than emulation, cross-fertilization, or "dialogue" with the Renaissance courts of the Christian West. To the early Ottomans, Europe represented not much more than a strategic place to consolidate power and muster resources between attacks on the heartlands of Islam. But, with a peculiarly narcissistic horror, Westerners liked to imagine that Mehmed thought about them constantly. The image of the Ottoman sultan as a sort of sinister paragon of the ideal Renaissance prince — cultured, rich, energetic, a generous patron of arts and letters, the only prince in Europe who actually listened to his humanist advisors — was a source of morbid fascination. This book follows in much the same vein: of course the Muslims did everything just the way Christians did; only they did it better. The same self-negating, yet ultimately self-regarding Eurocentrism that shaped many Renaissance views of the Islamic world seems also to animate this judgmental essay. MARGARET MESERVE University of Notre Dame


Using data from the 1981 Census-Series 1-India Part II-Special Report and Tables and the 1981 Census Publication Special Reports and Tables this study examines the effects of 6 literacy status and 7 other variables on female marriage age in India. Using alternative regression models produced the following results. The literacy level of males and females in 3 age groups for both marriage partners and guardians combined has a highly significant positive influence on female marriage age. Female literacy has a higher influence than male literacy. The literacy status of marriage partners has a higher influence than that of guardians. Nonagricultural employment and newspaper circulation rate which represents mass media influence both have a highly significant positive influence. Urbanization and per capita income have a positive influence although their influences are relatively weak. Female participation in agriculture has a negative influence on female marriage age. Finally neither poverty ratio nor sex-ratio among unmarried males and females has a significant influence on female marriage age.


Shadow is the important mean to tone up the feeling of reality and immersion in the 3D interactive scence.This paper analyzes the characters and classification of shadow,and implements the static shadow by lightmapping which uses the fast tray traced terrain shadow map and pre-bake mesh shadow on terrain and the dynamic shadow by light space perspective shadow map,This paper analyzes the projection parameter's effect on the edge aliasing,and validates the effect,finally we get pleasing results.


The measurement of P-E loops, dielectric, thermo-mechanical and micro-structural properties was performed on ferroelectric Bi4 − x La x Ti3O12 (BLT) crystals in order to clarify their ferroelectricity and to provide an explanation for the phase transition with La incorporated. The grown c-axis Bi4.3Ti3O12 and Bi3.65La0.47Ti3O12 crystals showed ferroelectricity but the P-E hysteresis loop of the c-axis Bi2.76La1.67Ti3O12 crystal was not fully saturated. BLT crystals tend to change from a monoclinic to an orthorhombic structure with increasing La concentration because they substitute La for Bi with a lone-pair electron. From the measurement of physical properties under varying temperatures, the ferroelectric phase transition of BLT crystals was showed to occur at temperature close to 500°C.


First philosophy presents itself as a rational and existential exigency for contemporary thought. One of the tasks of philosophy today is to meet Heideggerian criticism regarding the forgetfulness of being. First philosophy, as thought of presuppositions that underlie every exercise in reason and liberty, demonstrates an indispensable task. To think of presuppositions, and the implications herein, moves one towards questions of transcendence and therefore religion. This inescapable moment of the journey is brought about by the existential questions that liberty poses.


This work introduces a novel iterative combinatorial auction that aims to achieve both high efficiency and fast convergence across a wide range of valuation domains. We design the first fully adaptive-price combinatorial auction that gradually extends price expressivity as the rounds progress. We implement our auction design using polynomial prices and show how to detect when the current price structure is insufficient to clear the market, and how to expand the polynomial structure to guarantee progress. An experimental evaluation confirms that our auction is competitive with bundle-price auctions in regimes where these excel, namely multi-minded valuations, but also performs well in regimes favorable to linear prices, such as valuations with pairwise synergy.


As the National Council of Churches' Fairness Doctrine campaign accelerated, US Senate Democrats on the Commerce Committee announced an investigation into the Radio Right. That one-two punch convinced hundreds of radio station owners to drop conservative programs altogether. The cost of paying for free response time combined with the risk of losing their station license was too much. Carl McIntire appealed for help to Richard Nixon, but the administration was much more interested in the ways it could use the Fairness Doctrine to intimidate the major television networks into giving the president and the war in Vietnam more favorable coverage. With no help forthcoming and the loss of station WXUR in 1974, Carl McIntire's program declined precipitously, although not without one last protest action from McIntire involving a World War II surplus minesweeper blasting a pirate radio signal off the shore of Cape May, New Jersey, in defiance of Federal Communications Commission rules.


The domestic and overseas research status on the twin screw extruder applied on the propellants and explosives were reviewed in this paper.Compared with foreign technology,there was a huge gap for domestic technology in terms of the study of the structure design,safety and process of the twin screw extruder,which restricted the application of the twin-screw extruder in the automatization production of propellants and explosives.For the sake of better development of the twin-screw extruder technology in propellants and explosives,it is advised that the study on the structure design,safety measures and manufacture process of the twin screw extruder be carried out and the professionals be educated.


Medium-pressure CH4/H2 plasmas were generated in a discharge tube on the axis of a cylindrical 2.45-GHz-microwave TM011-mode-resonance cavity for chemical vapor deposition of diamondlike carbon films. Diamondlike carbon synthesis, plasma diagnostic measurements and kinetic model analyses were conducted to examine the correlation between plasma properties and film features. The characteristics of the calculated H-atom density of the excitation quantum level 4 agreed with those of the measured spectral intensity of the Hβ line. Consequently, high density ratios of C atoms to H atoms were required for deposition of diamondlike carbon. On the other hand, the density ratio of CH3 radicals to H atoms was considered to be closely related to the hardness of deposited diamondlike carbons.


The Arlequin framework proposed by Ben Dhia in 1998 is a flexible and robust method for conducting global/local analysis of structures and materials. A penalty version of the Arlequin framework for the study of structural problems involving large deformation is considered here. The implementation of the penalty-based Arlequin framework into ABAQUS is then explored and the corresponding Arlequin user element subroutine is developed. Geometric nonlinear simulations of a cantilever beam and a shallow arch are conducted and the choice of the coupling operator with an appropriate penalty parameter is studied. The numerical results justify the feasibility of the proposed method, ensuring its further application to more complicated problems involving geometric or material nonlinearities.


In grid-connected multi-energy microgrid, fluctuation of renewable energy generation and coupling of multiple energy resources make the power load difficult to forecast accurately. In this paper, we focus on the short-term gateway load forecasting of grid-connected multi-energy microgrid. Consider spatial correlation between microgrid nodes, the information of multiple nodes, e.g., renewable energy access node, gas turbine access node and some critical load nodes, is utilized to implement information fusion forecasting. We propose an ensemble model that integrates GBRT, XGboost, Decison Tree and Seq2Seq to solve the problem. An IEEE33 bus system based simulation is conducted on an integrated platform with OpenDSS and Simulink. The experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms several classical time series models with higher accuracy and better stability.


Particle Accelerators have been the mainstream tool of nuclear and particle physicists for more than 70 years. Progress has been remarkable, with the beam energies increasing by much more than a million-fold in that time. Progress has been equally remarkable in the development of the so-called "Standard Model of Particle Physics", which is the result of decades of careful work at accelerators, and which provides a wonderfully precise description of the interaction of the most fundamental building blocks so far discovered, but which is known to be incomplete. Uncovering a deeper layer of nature, and perhaps the "Theory of Everything", requires ever more challenging accelerators, pushing the frontiers of energy and precision. While the primary motivation for the development of these facilities is scientific – understanding the "attoworld" – there are real benefits to society through the development of these technologies, which are of great importance in other sciences, industry and particularly medicine.


In this study, we examine how some American sitcoms (comedies focusing on funny situations) is perceived by a young Swedish audience. We have focused on shorter clips from four different series (on ...


The beam string structure belongs to a kind of pre-stressed steel structure,in the pre-stressed import process the cable must be ensured the safety and completion of the construction process of stress state must meet the design requirements. Therefore,the tension cable tensioning process cable force optimization analysis and research is useful to guarantee for the safety of the construction process control. Two-way beam string is used as an example,to compare the three kinds of the applicability of beam string structure optimization method. Through calculation and analysis,it is concluded that the tension compensation method is suitable for a optimal method to determine the tension of string structure. Combination of Hebi city stadium pre-stressed steel roof space truss structure,the tension compensation method is used for the analysis of structure construction stage,it is concluded that the development of internal force variation law of high strength steel wire rope,tension compensation method is verified in actual large the applicability of the pre-stressed space steel structure.


Objective To evaluate the effects of different antiemetic therapy on postoperative nausea and vomiting( PONV) in patients treated with laparoscopic radical hysterectomy. Methods 125 ASAⅠ-Ⅱ patients scheduled for laparoscopic radical hysterectomy were randomly divided into the combination antiemetic group( 65 cases) and the control group( 60 cases). Both groups received propofol,fentanyl and vecuronium to induce anesthesia,and sevoflurane,propofol,fentanyl and vecuronium were added to maintain introperative anesthesia. The control group received tropisetron 4 mg 30 minutes before the end of surgery. The combination antiemetic group received Intravenous dexamethasone 10 mg,and tropisetron 4 mg and parecoxib sodium 40 mg 30 minutes before the end of surgery. The incidence of nausea and vomiting of the 2 groups were compared in 24 hrs. Results 24 hrs after surgery,the incidence of PONV in the combination antiemetic group was significantly lower than that of the control group( 30. 8% vs 70. 0%,P 0. 05). 0 ~2 hrs,2 ~6 hrs,6 ~24 hrs after surgery,the incidence rates of PONV in the combination antiemetic group( 6. 2%,7. 7% and 23. 1%) were significantly lower than those of the control group( 31. 7%,28. 3% and 66. 7%)( P 0. 05). Conclusion Preoperative and intraoperative apply of combination antiemetic can significantly reduce the incidence of PONV 24 hrs after laparoscopic radical hysterectomy.


Impacts of climate change could have far-reaching and unpredictable consequences on water resources in many watersheds. In the past decade, many researchers have focused on assessing the impacts of climate change on the hydrologic cycle processes. In this study, impacts of the climate change on the Rainfall-Runoff Process (RRP) in Pishin Basin in Sistan-Baluchestan Province in southeast of Iran is investigated. AFFDEF which is a distributed rainfall-runoff model has been calibrated using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and tested using daily records of Pishin reservoir inflows and rain gauges in the basin. The calibrated model has been then utilized to simulate RRP under assessed conditions of climate change till the year 2050 using A2 and A1B scenarios from the SRES family of scenarios generated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The results have shown that the calibrated model has been able to properly regenerate reservoir inflows and can be utilized as a useful tool for runoff prediction under different climate change scenarios.


CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 46-year-old African American woman with a history of untreated hypertension presented to the emergency department with a few days of epistaxis, pedal edema and decreased urine output. A month prior, she noted the development of xerostomia. Her only medication was ibuprofen 1000 mg 3 times a day. Blood pressure was 150/90 mm Hg, and examination revealed edema to mid-thighs. Serum creatinine concentration was 1.9 mg/dL (baseline 0.9 mg/dL), and hemoglobin was 9 g/dL. Urine microscopy showed red blood cell casts. She had 1.5 g/d of proteinuria and underwent urgent kidney biopsy. Figure 1 shows a renal biopsy, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, with an enlarged glomerulus with lobular accentuation with periodic acid-Schiff-positive intracapillary thrombi (black arrow). There are increased mesangial cellularity and capillary proliferation in membranoproliferative pattern (white arrow). There was full house staining pattern (positive IgG, IgM, IgA, C3 and C4) on immunofluorescence. Electron microscopy revealed curvilinear electron dense deposits in the subendothelial space. This combination of renal histologic findings was suggestive of cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis (CGN). Subsequent laboratory data revealed an ANA titer 1:640, C4 less than 10 mg/dL, C3 45 mL/dL, positive anti-Ro antibody and positive serum cryoglobulins. However, doublestranded DNA was negative. Serum and urine electrophoresis and hepatitis serologies were negative. Because the clinical presentation and laboratory data were not typical of systemic lupus nephritis, a lip biopsy was undertaken. Figure 2 shows a lip biopsy (hematoxylin and eosin stain) with minor salivary glands with periductal focal lymphoid aggregates (arrow) typical of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Kidney disease associated with primary SS is a wellrecognized clinical entity. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and distal renal tubular acidosis are the most common findings; however, CGN may develop in those with SS.1 CGN associated with SS is a form of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with type II mixed cryoglobulinemia. The cryoglobulins are either a monoclonal or polyclonal IgM with rheumatoid activity against polyclonal IgG. The complexes can deposit in the glomerular capillaries and cause the characteristic renal histopathology described above.


In the realm of political communication, the effects of personal verbal attacks on political opponents have long been studied. However, less well understood are the effects of flattery on such opponents. I present an experiment showing that praising a political opponent elicits an audience's positive emotions, which in turn positively influences source trustworthiness, and ultimately increases the likelihood of voting for that source. In contrast, attacking an opponent elicits aversion, which in turn negatively influences source trustworthiness, thus reducing the likelihood of voting for the source.


The invention discloses a feedback start circuit without an inverted tube in a bandgap reference circuit. The feedback start circuit comprises a power generation module vdd_gen, a bandgap reference module bandgap and an LDO (low dropout regulator) feedback circuit; the power generation module vdd_gen generates various bias voltages to provide the module and other modules to use; the bandgap reference module bandgap is used for bandgap voltage; the LDO feedback circuit generates various current leakage and is used for stabilize output voltage of the bandgap reference module bandgap. The inverted tube is not used in the start circuit, the start circuit can be automatically switched off with the feedback circuit, and non-equilibrium state of the circuit can be well deviated.


The co-operative cataloguing of the titles in stock of regional libraries is a matter of priority to certify the local, regional and national supply with literature. For example in 1992 the Hamburger Bibliotheksverbund (HBV) extended into Nord-deutscher Bibliotheksverbund (NBV). With this development an integrated system of highly efficient interstate libraries was formed. The efficiency of this combined system is dependent on the inevitable co-operation of the associated libraries. There are enormous changes for the single scientific library affiliated to the Norddeutscher Bibliotheksverbund concerning the contents and the process of the cataloguing work, especially if the use of the associated regional systems is connected to the newly installed use of electronic data processing and if parallel to this and at the same time there is a new regulation for cataloguing being introduced. The work of the cataloguer is more and more concentrated on the computer screen, so that solutions have to be found for an ergonomic design of the work station compensating this unbalanced strain. The introduction of mixed work stations for example may extend the cataloguer's former field of activity.


The competition on Vatnsyri airport in Reykjavik was held by the city of Reykjavik
and announced in 2007. The competition
had three phases. My entry for the first phase is the starting point for my thesis in landscape architecture.
The proposal is based on a concept with a green structure replacing the existing
runways. These "green runways" will tie together the future development of Vatnsmyri with the existing surrounding parts of Reykjavik and connect the different
parts within Vatnsmyri. Contrary to the present situation in Reykjavik, cyclists and pedestrians will be prioritized. The structure will also improve the possibilities
for the cyclists and the pedestrians to travel across Vatnsmyri. The car-based traffic will be organized with a ring road. The concept can be divided into three types of movement. The ring road is one of these movements, while "the Green Runways"  amount to  the second. The third movement throughout the area is a straight waterway moving from north to south. This line provides the deep structure
in the otherwise flat landscape.
In addition to the competition proposal, the thesis contains a preliminary part that consists of an introduction with the competition programme and a description
of the starting point, a description of the method, analysis and inspirational objects. Finally there is a discussion with reflections on the process leading to the competition entry and the entry in itself.


Aim of the study: The purpose of the current study was to determine the influence of the crown height space on the loss of retention in different types of implant-supported Fixed Partial Dentures (FPD). Material and Methods: 116 patients being partially edentulous regarding maxilla and mandibula have been followed retrospectively and restored by means of fixed prostheses on 261 implants. The study covered a five-year follow-up. The following indicators have been traced: implantation area, type of prosthetic restorations (single crowns, splinted crowns, bridge implant implant, bridge implant natural tooth), the height of restorative space and detachment of prosthetic restorations. Results: The detachment of the prosthesis was found in 5.7% of all cases. This was most frequently seen in the mandibular molar area (73.33%) when single crown restorations were used. The incidence of loss of retention increased when the crown height space was less than 8.0 mm. The conducted tests showed that these indicators affect with statistical significance. Conclusion: The results of the current study give us grounds for assuming that the reduced crown height space, the places of implantation and the type of restorations are important prerequisites for the occurrence of prosthetic restorations detachment.


What does 'organisation's commitment to its workers' (OCW) mean to employees? I conducted 86 semi-structured interviews with Dutch socio-therapists, fire fighters, PhD candidates, and R & D engineers. The findings show that one indicator of the employment relationship quality can serve as a framework for understanding OCW: Perceived Organisational Support (POS). However, the evidence also suggests that the current antecedent categories of POS have to be refined. These refinements should more consequently address the different needs of employees and the responsibility and responsiveness of different organisational representatives, but should also reconsider the current treatment of employee voice by making use of Industrial Relations knowledge.


Plants in the genus Arabidopsis are facultative LD plants that flower much earlier under LD conditions than SD regimens, with the photoperiod (or LD) pathway contributing to floral acceleration. LHY and CCA1 genes, among other factors, have central roles in the circadian clock of Arabidopsis, which plays a key role in measuring day length. GI gene mediates the circadian clock and floral activator genes, CO and FT, to control photoperiodic flowering. GI is required to set the peak phase of CO expression at the end of the light period under LD conditions, so that the CO protein is stabilized and activated by light to increase FT expression. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the role of SDs is not solely to switch off CO activity. For example, GI interacts with SPY, a negative regulator of the GA signal. The flowering times of gi mutants were still significantly later under SD conditions than LD regimes, which suggests that GI has a potential role in accelerating the start of flowering, even under SDs. Over-expression of either FT or TSF genes caused early flowering, and the acceleration of flowering was enhanced under SDs, suggesting that SDs have an additional role to that in the LHY/CCA1-GI-CO-FT pathway. In this short review, we discuss the hidden roles of SDs in controlling flowering based on recent studies of the molecular genetics of flowering time in Arabidopsis.


As the government pushes its obesity strategy to "beat coronavirus," experts are concerned that the pandemic has tipped many more families into food poverty—with particular concerns for children's physical and mental health. Chris Baraniuk reports


It is estimated that 50 percent of all deaths among children under 5 years in Africa result directly or indirectly from diarrhoeal diseases. The mortality associated with childhood diarrhoea is often as a result of poor case management by mothers, childcare takers and health workers. It is therefore essential to teach mothers, child care givers and health workers that when a child has diarrhoea, it is essential to keep feeding and give plenty of fluids (breast milk, soups, water), including oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and the use of oral rehydration salts (sachets) to remedy the dehydration in the child. The knowledge needed to save our children from dying from diarrhoea dehydration already exists. The essential part of that knowledge is not highly technical. Making that health knowledge available to all parents, health workers and communities is the core of the control of diarrhoeal disease programme in Africa. New alliances must be forged to provide the necessary input for action at the family, health facility, community and policy levels. It requires a public private sector initiative. The mass media especially radio and television have been used successfully in several countries to bring regular messages on oral rehydration therapy , breastfeeding and advocate for policy support for CDD programmes. The possibility for reducing infant mortality resulting from diarrhoea resides on a well informed parent, because diarrhoea can be prevented through breast feeding, use of latrines, access to portable water and personal hygiene.


Human capital enhancement is necessary to the knowledge economic era. And vocational education and training development is a main tool of human capital enhancement. This paper analyzes the important role of vocational education and training in human capital enhancement by make a study of it. Seeing the important interrelation between human capital enhancement and vocational education and training development in socialist society harmonious development, vocational education and training should be developed in order to enhance human capital in our country.


The aim of this experiment was to assemble parathyroid hormone (PTH) coatings on titanium surfaces and evaluate the effect on implant osseointegration. PTH was assembled on surfaces of titanium with different layers (5, 7, and 10) using a layer-by-layer assembling technique. The degradation rate of PTH coatings was evaluated by measuring the concentration of PTH release. Surface analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FSEM), and surface contact angle measurements revealed a multilayer structure and confirmed that PTH layers could be assembled on titanium. Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) cultured on the multiple layer coatings displayed significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) on the 7th day. The osteocalcin concentration was increased significantly in the 7-layer and 10-layer groups. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and Osterix were up-regulated at day 7 and day 14. This showed that incubation with PTH enhanced cell proliferation to a statistically significant extent compared with the control group. Results of in vivo experiments demonstrated the formation of new bone, bone-implant contact (BIC), and the expressions of BMP-2, Runx2, and Osterix in the PTH-loaded group were enhanced. It was concluded that PTH coatings may have the potential benefit of enhancing implant osseointegration.


The vanadium(III) complexes, V(S2CNMe2)3 (1) and V(S2CN i Pr2)3 (2) were prepared and characterized by analysis, IR, electronic and 1H NMR spectra. The complexes show reversible thermochromic behaviour. MM2 calculations were used to simulate the molecular structure of 1. For 2, variable temperature 1H NMR revealed hindered rotation about C–N bonds. The rotational energy barrier (38 kJ mol−1) was obtained by molecular mechanics force-field calculations.


Al alloys contain some secondary phases to improve their properties. These secondary phases have different potentials to the Al matrix, which greatly affect the localized corrosion of Al alloys. In order to reveal the physical nature of Al alloy corrosion, we use the first-principles method based upon density functional theory to calculate the work function of the main secondary phases ( Al2Cu, Al3Ti, and Al7Cu2Fe). The difficulty of electrons escaping from various crystal planes was analyzed, and the potential difference between the secondary phases and Al matrix was obtained. We find that different crystal planes exposed to the outmost layer significantly impacted on the potential difference. Different atomic types at the outmost layer play different roles in Al alloy corrosion, even for the same crystal surface. The causes of galvanic corrosion were thus revealed.


Prevention Of Corruption In The Village Governance Based On Democratic Governance Perspective. This study describes and analyzes the phenomena of corruption in village government especially on village official recruitment. Methode of this study is library research. One of the result of this study showed there are three mechanisms in the recruitment or appointment of the village board. Ineachcontaining five perspective corruption to strengthen Cheema (2005:52) concept. The prevention of corruption in village governance can be achieved through the practice of administrative reforms that became part of the reform by using institutional governance model. It can be effectively carried out if first, supervision done by supra government of village and third parties, second, The use of local wisdom, and religious values as well as the provision of civic education are expected to form the moral integrity and responsibilityof village apparaturs. In the future, this study is important as input not only to prevent corruption but to improve of  village governance performance.


Density functional theory plays a pivotal role for the chemical and materials science due to its relatively high predictive power, applicability, versatility and low computational cost. We review recent progress in machine learning model developments, which has relied heavily on density functional theory for synthetic data generation and model architecture, and provide some broader context for its general relevance to the chemical sciences. Resulting in models with high efficiency, accuracy, scalability, and transferability (EAST), these developments will pave the way for the routine use of successful experimental planning software within self-driving laboratories.


Embodiments of the inventive concepts disclosed herein are directed to systems and methods for signal processing. An antenna array can receive signal information. A signal processing device can perform a time-domain-to-transform-domain transform with N transform domain bins, on the signal information. The signal processing device can determine N covariance matrices each corresponding to a respective one of the N transform domain bins. The signal processing device can group covariance matrices from the N covariance matrices into groups of M covariance matrices. Each group can correspond to a respective group of M adjacent bins from the N bins. The signal processing device can produce a combined spatial covariance matrix for each group of M covariance matrices, by performing a weighted combination of covariance matrices within the respective group of M covariance matrices. The signal processing device can calculate spatial weights from each of the spatial covariance matrices, for anti-jamming processing.


The use of accounting information in conjunction with comparable "rm multiples is widely recommended for valuing initial public o!erings (IPOs). We "nd that the price}earnings (P/E), market-to-book, and price-to-sales multiples of comparable "rms have only modest predictive ability without further adjustments. This is largely due to the wide variation of these ratios for young "rms within an industry. P/E multiples using forecasted earnings result in much more accurate valuations than multiples using trailing earnings. ( 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.


The density functional theory was applied to study the surface properties of binary non-polar fluid mixtures. In this work,the molecule was considered as the sphere chain,and the interaction between segments in different molecules was expressed as the hard-core Yukawa potential. A reasonable long range correction was adopted to avoid the error by truncation in the potential. The perturbation theory was used to establish the equation of state for the phase equilibrium calculation. The parameters e/k,d and m s for pure fluids were regressed from the experimental data of the vapor-liquid phase equilibria,and such parameters could lead to good prediction for surface tension. The vapour-liquid phase equilibria and the surface properties of 6 binary fluid mixtures (including surface tension and density profile) at different temperaturs were regressed or predicted with the mixing parameter k ij . The results indicated that the calculated values for surface tension agreed well with the experimental data.The calculated local density profiles showed that enrichment of the component on the surface of binary fluid mixtures might happen.


THESE PAGES, FROM early field guides to the birds, suggest something about the tangled ways science, technology, and the market shaped nature knowledge in America's industrial, urban society. When these authors began helping people identify birds without shooting them, no one knew just what information birdwatchers needed or how to present it, were not even sure all species could be identified without shooting them, and saw birdwatching as an introduction to science, a way to nature's wonders, or a genteel recreation. Their books treated a hundred or so familiar species, the birds of a small region, those in the east or west half of the country, or everything in North America north of Mexico. They mixed science and sentiment, described birds in technical detail and telegraphic phrases or Romantic prose in full sentences—sometimes did both on the same page—printed different kinds of pictures by various processes in color or black and white, used the artistic conventions of natural history illustration or fine art, and linked pictures to text (or failed to) in ways shaped by the author's experience or demanded by the printer's bill. In 1934 Roger Tory Peterson's work swept the competition, but the people who snapped up his Field Guide to the Birds and made it an instant success had learned their birds with the aid of these guides and others like them.


Rock armoured breakwaters are a common form of construction in Australia. The design of such breakwaters is generally based on the procedures outlined in CERC (1984) as developed largely from studies of non overtopped structures. In areas subject to storm surge, design of a non overtopped structure is often not practical. This paper discusses some of the problems associated with transferring design practice for a non overtopped structure to an overtopped structure.


COVID19 is a pandemic caused by SARS COV2. Thus this bibliometric analysis of COVID and antiviral drugswas conducted to understand the active authors, organizations, journals, and countries involved . All articles related to precautions against COVID, published in 2020, from "Scopus" were analyzed using the VOS viewer to develop analysis tables and visualization maps. This article had set the objective to consolidate the literature regarding antiviral drugs against COVIDand also to find out the trends related to the same. By analyzing the results from the data by using VOS viewer and discussion in the above section, we conclude that the most active authors are from China. The most productive author isXu J having the highest average citations and Zhou F with the highest number of citations. Li Y is the most active author, having the highest number of co-authorship linkages and several publications in this domain. The most productive research organization engaged in the research of antiviral drugs against COVID is the Institute Of Clinical Medical Sciences, ChinaJapan Friendship Hospital as it has the highest number of citations and highest average citation. The highly active country in the research of antiviral drugs against COVIDis China with the highest number of citations and publications. However, the country with the highest number of average citations and co -authorship linkages is the USA.The Lancet is the most active journal with the cohighest citation, and average citation.


The effect of the subsurface drainage in reclaiming the waterlogged and saline soils was studied in the Upper Krishna Command (UKP) area of Karnataka using salt and water balance approach. The study revealed that from the influence area of a selected lateral, 321 and 634 mm of water has been drained off from the soil profile in the form of runoff, evapotranspiration and drain discharge during the kharif and the rabi seasons, respectively. Further, the amount of salt removed from the area was 0.98 and 1.09 tons, respectively in these two seasons.


Objective To investigate the correlation between the frequency of circulating natural killer cells(NK cells)and HLA-Cw alleles.Methods 30 patients with acute hepatitis B in nonage and 51 patients with chronic hepatitis B were included in the experimental groups,and 41 healthy individuals were enrolled as controls.Numbers of circulating NK cells and activated NK cell were analyzed by flow cytometry.HLA-Cw genotyping was conducted by the polymerase chain reaction sequence specific oligonucleotide(PCR-SSO) method.Results Numbers of circulating NK cells and activated NK cell in acute hepatitis B patients were higher than in healthy subjects[(22.62±3.70)% vs(19.03±4.91)%,and(65.28±14.45)% vs(53.88±14.01)%,both P0.05],however,those in patients with chronic hepatitis B were lower than in healthy subjects[(14.36±1.07)% vs(19.03±4.91)%,and(47.14±5.67)% vs(53.88±14.01)%,both P0.05],there were statistically significant differences between the groups of chronic hepatitis B and acute hepatitis B(P0.01).There was no statistical significance between the groups of acute hepatitis B and healthy subjects about HLA-Cw(P0.05.HLA-Cw*3 was more frequent in patients with chronic hepatitis B than in controls(P0.05),and there was a significantly negative correlation between the frequency of HLA-Cw*03 and the numbers of activated NK cell in the group of chronic hepatitis B(γ=-0.394,P 0.05).ConclusionsThe function of NK cells in chronic hepatitis B is weak.The HLA-Cw*03 gene may affect the antiviral function of NK cells to induce the persistence of HBV infection.


Aim:To study the protective effects of L Arginine(L Arg) against ischemia reperfusion liver injury of non heart beating donors(NHBO) in rat liver graft. Methods: A total of 104 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: normal control group ( n =8),control 1, 2, and 3 group(C 1, C 2, C 3, n =16), experimental group 1, 2,and 3(E 1, E 2, E 3, n =16). For group C 1 and E 1 , group C 2 and E 2 , group C 3 and E 3 , the warm ischemic time was 0, 30, and 45 min,respectively. Liver grafts were flushed with and preserved in 4℃ Euro collins solution containing 1 mmol/L L Arg for 1 h in each experimental group. Recipients of each experimental group were injected with L Arg (10 mg/kg body weight) by tail vein 10 min before portal vein reperfusion. Donors and recipients of each experimental control group were treated with normal saline. Then transplantation was performed. At 1, 3, and 24 h after portal vein reperfusion, blood samples were obtained to determine the levels of ALT, AST, NO 2 -/NO 3 -, and ET. At 3 h after portal vein reperfusion, grafts samples were fixed by 2.5% glutaradehyde for electronscopy observation. Results:At 1 h after portal vein reperfusion, the levels of NO 2 - /NO 3 - in group E 1, E 2, E 3 and group C 1, C 2, C 3 were significantly lower while plasm ET,serum ALT and AST were significantly higher than that in normal control group( P 0.05); at 1 h, 3 h, 24 h, the levels of NO 2 -/NO 3 - in group E 1,E 2,E 3were significantly higher while plasm ET,serum ALT and AST were significantly lower than in corresponding control groups (C 1, C 2, C 3)( P 0.05). The levels of NO 2 -/NO 3 - in group C 2 and C 3 was significantly lower than in group C 1 ( P 0.05), and that in group C 3 was significantly lower than in group C 2 ( P 0.05).At 1 h, 3 h, and 24 h, the levels of plasm ET, serum ALT,and AST in groups E 1, E 2, E 3 were significantly lower than in corresponding control groups(C 1, C 2, C 3)( P 0.05). The levels of plasm ET,serum ALT, and AST in group C 3 were significantly lower than in group C 1 ( P 0.05), and the levels of plasm ET,serum ALT,and AST in group C 3 were significantly lower than in group C 2 ( P 0.05). Pathological changes in group E 1, E 2, E 3 were significant milder than in corresponding experimental control groups(C 1, C 2, C 3). Conclusions:The unbalance between NO and ET plays an important role in the development of ischemia reperfusion injury of liver graft in NHBD. L Arg could attenuate liver graft injury in NHBD by improving the balance between NO and ET.


This paper studies the possibility and effectiveness of developing mobile lessons on i-pod. These lessons can virtually be assessed from any place and anytime at the convenience of learners. The lessons on i-pod based learning system have an extremely high efficiency of learning process of 80.07/80.44. The pre-test and post-test are 19.33 and 80.44 respectively which transparently demonstrates high level of effectiveness. In addition, it was found that I Pod-based Learning System can be a tool to increase the learning effectiveness to 61. 11 and the learners' satisfaction to a higher level of 4.22 . The results clearly show that i-pod based learning system is a very effective and satisfying tool for learners.


Mapping of glacial meltwater channels along the length of the 25-km Mid-Cheshire Ridge reveals evidence for four distinctive channel morphologies, which are used to establish the pattern of meltwater flow during the Late Devensian glaciation. A key characteristic of all channels is an abrupt change in morphology between inception on the Mid-Cheshire Ridge and the downstream continuation on the surrounding Cheshire Plain, with large reductions in channel cross-sectional area at this point. The interpretation of this evidence is that meltwater flowing off the bedrock ridge was absorbed into a layer of permeable sediment beneath the Late Devensian ice sheet. This permeable sediment is significant because it would have acted as a deforming layer beneath the former ice sheet in this area. Reconstruction of the Late Devensian ice sheet based on information from the meltwater channels and using values of shear stresses typical of ice sheets resting on deformable beds (ca. 20 kPa) suggests an ice surface elevation over the Irish Sea of ca. 700 m. This value is considerably less than previous estimates of the vertical extent of the ice sheet of ca. 1000-1200 m and has important implications for the rapidity and mode of deglaciation during the Late Devensian. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We experimentally demonstrate an 8-Gbit/s QPSK communication link using two multiplexed OAM beams at ~0.3 THz frequency. By tuning the frequency spacing between two lasers, such a system can be operated in the 0.27-0.33 THz range.


This Phase II trial evaluated the efficacy of bendamustine, bortezomib and rituximab in patients with previously untreated low‐grade lymphoma. Eligible patients had low grade lymphoma with no previous systemic disease treatment. Treatment for all patients was given in 28‐day cycles for a maximum of 6 cycles. Patients received rituximab 375 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on days 1, 8 and 15 of cycle 1 and day 1 of cycles 2–6; bendamustine 90 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 2; and bortezomib 1·6 mg/m2 IV on days 1, 8 and 15. Patients were permitted to begin maintenance treatment with rituximab 6 months after completion of study treatment and after 6‐month follow‐up assessments had been conducted. Fifty‐four eligible patients were enrolled. The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were leucopenia (28%), neutropenia (30%) and lymphopenia (17%). There were no treatment‐related deaths and 1 unrelated death on study (embolic stroke). The overall response rate was 94% for all patients. The median follow‐up was 54 months. Kaplan–Meier estimates of progression‐free survival and overall survival at 36 months were 75% and 88%, respectively. The treatment regimen was well tolerated and produced high response rates. Further study of this regimen in patients with previously untreated lymphoma is warranted.


Objective To study on the gastric mucosal apoptosis and the expression of cell cytokines caused by duodenogastric reflux(DGR),and investigate the possible pathogenesis of gastric mucosa injury in rats with DGR.Methods Ten adult SD rats were intubated duodenum to collect duodenal mixed juice(including bile,pancreatic juice plus duodenal juice).Another sixteen SD rats were randomly divided into two groups.The model group with DGR was transfused with duodenal mixed juice to stomach and the control group was transfused with 0.9% saline.The rats were executed after 14 days.Cell apoptosis in gastric mucosa was determined by TUNEL technique.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of TNF-α,ET-1 and NOS-2 in gastric mucosa.Results The pathology of gastric mucosa demonstrated that rat models with DGR were successful.The apoptosis cells could be seen intensively in mucosa in DGR model group.Apoptosis index(AI) in DGR model group was significantly higher than that in control group(P0.05).The positive expression of TNF-α,ET-1 and NOS-2 in DGR model group were significantly higher than those in control group(P0.05).Conclusion Cell apoptosis and over expression of TNF-α,ET-1 and NOS-2 in gastric mucosa may be major pathogenesis of gastric mucosa injury and cell canceration with DGR.


Received for publication 15 September 1982 and in revised form 20 December 1982. acid test and [3H]borohydride reduction show variable reactivity depending upon the site of the ketoaminelinked glucose.


The high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission technology based on modular multilevel converter (MMC) is widely used in the offshore grid-connected wind power generation projects, and the small signal stability problems of the grid-connected system have been attracted great attention. This paper focused on the influence of the zero-sequence circulating current (ZSCC) controller on the stability of the offshore wind power generation MMC-HVDC grid-connected system. The closed-loop frequency domain model was derived by means of complex vectors and harmonic state space firstly. Then the paper developed the single-input-single-output (SISO) impedance model of MMC which considering the ZSCC controller. In addition, the impedance model of the offshore wind farm and the distribution network were established. Based on the impedance model, the influence law and mechanism of the ZSCC controller on the stability of the offshore wind power generation MMC-HVDC grid-connected system were explored. The analysis results show that when the output power of wind is too large, the system is prone to oscillation. The application of the ZSCC controller equivalently increases the bridge arm resistance and enhancing the system damping, which effectively suppressing the resonant peaks of MMC impedance in island control mode. Finally, from the point of view of enhancing the damping of the system, the parameter optimization scheme for ZSCC controller was designed, and the correctness of the theory and the feasibility of the scheme were verified by simulations.


H-Soz-Kult is a information and communication forum for the humanities, which has undertaken a fully technological reorganization, which was funded by the DFG-Programme for Virtual Research Environments. The data model and interface were redesigned and completely moved into a structure based on library standards. The project was confronted not only with requirements both of the editorial boards and the user community, but also with the pitfalls of infrastructure and software development projects


Inadequate nutrient intake, a survival benchmark in cancer cells, leads to oxidative stress (OS) disrupting homeostasis, activating signaling, and altering metabolism. As reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase, oxidative stressors activate mechanisms allowing cancer cells to adapt and survive. Our data suggests that nutrient‐deprived cancer cells tolerate OS. Moreover, a quiescent phenotype along with nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) signaling may synergistically protect tumor cells from OS induced by nutrient deprivation. In DU145 prostate cancer cell line, we observed that serum‐deprived cells maintained viability after exposure to H2O2 and transitioned to a quiescent phenotype via up‐regulated quiescent markers. Additionally, we transiently silenced NF‐κB (RelA/p65) via siRNA, and demonstrated the percentage of total apoptosis in DU145 cells significantly increased in serum‐deprived cells exposed to H2O2. Furthermore, we observed that inhibition of quiescence significantly reduced NF‐κB‐mediated cell survival in response to OS using two quiescence inhibitors targeting Mirk/Dyrk1b kinase (quiescence inducer), AZ191 and NCGC00185981‐05/ML195; concomitantly, a distinct NF‐κB nuclear localization was not observed. It is unclear how prostate cancer cells adapt and survive oxidative stress; however, we hypothesize nutrient deprivation primes cancer cells for OS cell survival, concurrent with a transition to a quiescent phenotype and NF‐κB signaling.


Behaviour of prices of agricultural commodities results from the basic characteristics of agricultural sector and farm products. This study is based on the secondary data of 15 years from 2007-08 to 2021-22 which was collected from www.agmarknet.gov.in. For the analytical framework, the linear trend equation was used to study the trend in arrivals and prices. During the study period, the pattern of trend in arrivals and prices was differed across the selected markets. All the selected market for wheat showed increasing trend in arrivals and prices over the years. The per annum increase in the arrivals of wheat in Lakhimpur market was the highest at 1884.86 quintals followed by Vidisha, Baran, Dewas, Kota and Agra markets at 1394.74, 942.65, 782.61, 389.19 and 56.53 quintals respectively. The quantum of increase in the arrivals of wheat might be due to the increased production in these regions. Increased productivity and arrivals was attributable to introduction of high yielding varieties, technological advancement, increased demand for wheat in the international market, prices lead to better productivity realization by farmers in the surrounding hinterlands of Lakhimpur, Vidisha, Baran and Dewas area and supplied to these markets. Market arrivals registered lowest quantum of increase in Agra and Kota markets. The lowest quantum of increase in arrivals of wheat might be due to increasing heat stress, other problems experienced by producers in production level and shift in cropping pattern of the farmers towards other commercial crops in those regions. Seasonal indices of arrivals and prices of wheat in selected markets revealed that when the arrivals of wheat to the market were high, the prices were found to be low i.e., March to June. Seasonal price indices of wheat indicate that the price realized by farmers was low during the post- harvest month. Hence, infrastructural facilities like warehouses and market extension services have to be strengthened for encouraging and bringing awareness among the farming community about the availability of warehouses and marketing credit to reap the better benefits.


A new class of biofriendly ionogels produced by gelation of microcellulose thin films with tailored 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium methylphosphonate ionic liquids are demonstrated. The cellulose ionogels show promising properties for application in flexible electronics, such as transparency, flexibility, transferability, and high specific capacitances of 5 to 15 μF cm−2. They can be laminated onto any substrate such as multilayer‐coated paper and act as high capacitance dielectrics for inorganic (spray‐coated ZnO and colloidal ZnO nanorods) and organic (poly[3‐hexylthiophene], P3HT) electrolyte‐gated field‐effect transistors (FETs), that operate at very low voltages (<2 V). Field‐effect mobilities in ionogel‐gated spray‐coated ZnO FETs reach 75 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a typical increase of mobility with decreasing specific capacitance of the ionogel is observed. Solution‐processed, colloidal ZnO nanorods and laminated cellulose ionogels enable the fabrication of the first electrolyte‐gated, flexible circuits on paper, which operate at bending radii down to 1.1 mm.


— Many agencies and organizations are willing to release the data they collected from other parties for research and the formulation of public policies. Data often contains personally identifiable information and therefore releasing such data may result in privacy breaches. Several anonymization techniques, such as generalization and bucketization, have been designed for privacy preserving microdata publishing. Recent work has shown that generalization loses considerable amount of information, especially for high-dimensional data. Bucketization, on the other hand, does not prevent membership disclosure and does not apply for data that do not have a clear separation between quasi-identifying attributes and sensitive attributes. In this project, I present a novel technique called slicing, which partitions the data both horizontally and vertically. It show that slicing preserves better data utility than generalization and can be used for membership disclosure protection. Another important advantage of slicing is that it can handle high-dimensional data. It shows how slicing can be used for attribute disclosure protection and develop an efficient algorithm for computing the sliced data that obey the l-diversity requirement. And the workload experiments confirm that slicing preserves better utility than generalization and is more effective than bucketization.


The following research was conducted in the buffalo species with the goal to characterize neoplasms in skin, schedules ocular attachments and reproductive tract. The study was conducted through the recollection of data contained in manual records, per - sonnel inquiry and the InterHerd cattle's management system. The respective clinic evaluation was made, followed by an excision biopsy, such was the technique used. Once the samples were taken and stored in 10% buffered formalin, we proceeded to process them in the histo -


The dynamical significance of vortical structures in the near field of round jets, viz. the vortex rings and the stream-wise vortices, has been known for several decades (Ho & Huerre, 1984). A fundamental understanding of their interactions , especially in turbulent jets at high Reynolds number (Re), is expected to provide an impetus to devising control strategies; for instance in improving combustion efficiency and reducing jet noise. One such possible interaction was recently observed in Davoust et al. (2012) that involved production of additional streamwise vorticity, as a result of an influence of the fluctuations of streamwise vorticity on those of azimuthal vorticity in high Re jets. This additional vorticity showed up in streamwise vorticity correlations in the form of radial organization as opposed to its azimuthal organization classically found. In further exploring this possibility, we have observed in our experiments, that strengthening the vortex rings relative to the streamwise vortices, renders them less susceptible to an influence from the streamwise vortices. This paper presents the results for a Re = 1.5 × 10 5 and low Mach number round jet in which the most energetic vortex rings are acoustically excited at different excitation amplitudes. A comparison of the relative strengths of the two structures with increasing excitation levels, corroborates the interaction proposed in Davoust et al. (2012).


Given the rapidly changing skills needs of 'post-industrial economies', lifelong learning forms an integral part of government policy within the UK and abroad. However, like the UK, most economies are faced with the problem of how to reach those sections of the community that have traditionally not embraced learning and educational opportunities. In this paper, the development and evaluation of a system designed to address this problem is described. The Lifelong Learning in London for All (L4All) project has investigated the concept of 'trails' as a way of organising lifelong learning opportunities. The L4All pilot system combines a set of web services to provide the functionality needed to support this central idea. The development process was outlined, and the findings of an empirical study were used to confirm proof of concept.


This paper analyzes the construction styles and influence factors of shear-carrying capacity for commonly used solid-web steel reinforced concrete beam-column joints. According to the existing test data joints, the paper compares several formulas in our country of calculating the shear-carrying capacity on this kind of joints.


Even a cursory reading of the literature on misuse of drugs and alcohol reveals a bewildering array of ways of talking about excessive use of substances. Some authors write of ' drug addicts ' and ' alcoholics ' ; others of ' substance misuse ' or ' alcohol problems ' ; a few mention ' use ' of substances. Behind these different terminologies lie different views about the nature of excessive use of drugs or alcohol. Understanding these different views is important for two reasons. First, it provides an important introduction to key issues within the fi eld of addiction and problem substance use. Indeed, without an appreciation of the reasons for and signifi cance of these different terminologies it is diffi cult to understand many studies in this area. Second, the terminologies involve different sets of assumptions, beliefs and values about excessive substance use. They therefore provide an important starting point for considering our own values and assumptions. For instance, a professional who calls someone an ' alcoholic ' is – whether they are aware of it or not – making different assumptions from one who says the same individual has an ' alcohol problem ' . Informed practice therefore starts with a consideration of the words we use and the models they relate to. We have noted elsewhere the differences between some of the common words used in this fi eld (Forrester and Harwin, 2004 ). Some key defi nitions are:


We review the experimental and theoretical investigations of static and dynamical properties of magnetic polarons in CdTe(Cd,Mn)Te quantum wells and superlattices. Magnetic polarons are formed from excitons primarily localized on the fluctuations of quantum well width (or fluctuations of superlattice periods). The polaron energy has been measured as a function of structure parameters, temperature and external magnetic fields applied parallel and perpendicular to the growth axis. Dynamics of the magnetic polaron formation has been studied by use of picosecond time-resolved luminescence. A theory of magnetic polarons in quantum wells developed in the adiabatic approximation gives good qualitative description of the experimental results. A strong effect of the spin-glass phase modification at interfaces on the magnetic polaron energies in quantum wells and superlattices has been found