Less than a decade has passed since an editorial entitled ''When Evolution Begets Revolution'' was published in this Journal. At that time, the editor stated that locked plating was the ''next great advance in orthopaedic traumatology'' but tempered his enthusiasm with the observation that ''this wave of enthusiasm will surely be followed with an analysis of the inherent problems, followed by a truer understanding of the role of these implants.'' Today, this statement holds true. Clinical experience has shown both the relative strengths and weaknesses of locked plating. For example, after the early popularity of filling every plate hole with a locked screw, orthopaedic traumatologists learned that widely spaced combinations of locked and nonlocked screws could more effectively provide stable fracture fixation. It is apparent that nearly 10 years after the introduction of these implants, the indications for the use of locked plates have yet to be precisely defined (Fig. 1). Clearly the use of fixed-angle locked screws is advantageous for periarticular fracture fixation in metaphyseal bone. Although not proven by prospective clinical trials, the benefit of indirect support of the articular surface provided by locked screws appears to be common sense, especially in the weightbearing extremities. Clinicians argue that the necessity for two incisions and for secondary bone grafts is lower than in the era of nonlocked plate fixation. In fact, the use of minimally invasive approaches to address the articular surface and the subsequent percutaneous plating is so convincing that a prospective randomized study may not even be a necessity. One particular challenge appears to lie in the rigidity of locked plate constructs, which results in considerably less motion at the facture site. When using locked plates for bridging plate osteosynthesis, fracture union occurs by secondary bone healing, which requires some motion at the fracture site. In 2006, Kubiak stated that locked plates were ''comparable with extremely rigid fixators and run the risk of becoming nonunion generators.'' Likewise, Uhthoff felt that ''rigid plates led to cortical porosis, delayed bridging, and refractures.'' Locked plates certainly provided a significant step in the evolution to more robust fracture fixation. It is also recognized that there are some inherent problems with this new technology. We therefore felt that a critical update on clinical and biomechanical aspects of locked plating is warranted. Specifically, we evaluated the findings related to the strength and stiffness of locked plating constructs drawn from the recent literature.


With the availability of the wind turbine at a land based location as a starting point the expert system calculates the offshore availability as a function of distance to shore, average (offshore) wind speed and of course amount of money to be spend for maintenance. The average wind speed is linked to a storm database, from which the accessibility of the offshore wind farm is estimated. This accessibility and the amount of money available determines the actual offshore availability and with it the contribution of O&M expenditure to the costs of a kWh. Assuming a land based availability of 97% it is found that the actual offshore availability will become some 76% for a location 15 km offshore assuming a moderate 25% inaccessibility factor due to high winds and/or waves. An increase to 5 Million ECU's per year on top of a fixed yearly O&M budget of 3.8 MECU (for a wind farm consisting of 100 wind turbines) does not significantly increase the availability (only to about some 80%). Increase of the land based availability to a rather ambitious 99% however results into 96% availability on that site at a moderate expense of 2.2 MECU (on top of the fixed budget). The newly developed expert system is a fast and easy to handle tool for the assessment of offshore wind farm availability and the related O&M costs. The expert system can be used to balance the investment cost for increased reliability against exploitation costs for O&M in such a way that the most economical solution is established. Furthermore an estimate is obtained of the demanded O&M expenditure to achieve the required availability level


COMBINING ELECTROSPUN POLYDIOXANONE SCAFFOLDS, SCHWANN CELLS, AND MATRIGEL TO IMPROVE FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY AFTER A COMPLETE SPINAL CORD TRANSECTION IN RATS Ashok Kannan, Master of Science A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Science degree in Anatomy and Neurobiology at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2011 Raymond J. Colello, D.Phil., Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Spinal cord injury (SCI) has presented itself as a multifaceted pathology that is largely inhibitory to regeneration, and therefore to functional recovery, even though spinal cord neurons have been found to be innately regenerative. Thus, having identified the key players in the inhibition of this innate regeneration, SCI researchers have focused on two major types of approaches: (1) blocking inhibitory cues and (2) promoting innate regeneration. Schwann cells (SCs) have long been shown to promote and enhance functional recovery after SCI through providing supplemental myelination and trophic and tropic factors to regenerating axons, though singular approaches rarely address the complex SCI pathology. Guidance channels and scaffolds have been shown to provide physical support and directional cues to regeneration axons. Therefore, a combinatorial approach in which SCs migrate into and throughout a guidance scaffold would be an ideal research focus for treating SCI. However, cell migration into guidance scaffolds has been shown to be problematic. This study attempts to assess and improve twoand three-dimensional SC migration on electrospun scaffolds. Additionally, we evaluate the ability of SCs, seeded on Matrigel-coated electrospun scaffolds, to improve functional recovery in rats with completely transected spinal cords.


Objective To investigate the colonization of Staphylococcus aureus in oral cavity and skin lesions of acute atopic dermatitis(AD) infants.Methods This study involved 40 cases of AD,in comparison with 20 healthy infants.Samples were obtained from their saliva and skin lesions,and then Staphylococcus aureus were detected by bacteria culture.Results The positive detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus in AD infant saliva and skin lesions were 35% and 65% respectively,while 5% both in saliva and skin in control.There was a significant difference between the case and control group(P0.05).There was no relation between the positive detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus and the severity of AD(P0.05).The colony density of Staphylococcus aureus in AD infant were 2.33×104CFU·ml-1in saliva and 1.26×105CFU·cm-2in skin lesions respectively.The colony density of Staphylococcus aureus had a positive carrelation with the severity of AD(P0.005).Conclusion The Staphylococcus aureus colony appeared not only in skin lesions but also in the saliva of AD infant,and it may play a role in pathogenesis of AD.


Abstract Although there have been some reports that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is effective in treating breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), controversy regarding its therapeutic effects remains. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of HBOT in addition to conventional complex decongestive therapy (CDT) for BCRL. A prospective observational study was conducted on 10 patients with BCRL. After screening, the subjects were stratified into a CDT-only group and a CDT and HBOT combination (CDT–HBOT) group. All patients received a total of 10 treatments over 2 weeks. Changes in the circumference of the upper limbs, quality-of-life questionnaire results, and bioelectrical impedance values were compared between the 2 groups. Between both groups, there were no significant differences in demographic or clinical characteristics and in the quality-of-life outcomes for lymphedema of the limbs. The parameters measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy showed more significant improvements in the CDT–HBOT group than in the CDT-only group. In patients with BCRL, HBOT may be recommended as an adjunct treatment to the existing therapies.


In the recent years a renewed consensus about the crucial role of industrial and technological policy to economic development has been growing. Despite of that, strong theoretical differences still persist concerning why and how the government must intervene in the economy. Neoclassical approach proposes that the intervention is only justified by the presence of market failures which leads to an underinvestment on RD Freeman, 1987; Nelson 1992 and Edquist, 1997), sectorial system (Malerba, 2002) and local system of innovation (Boschma and Martin, 2011; Antonelli, 2011). According to these authors, the elements that block the virtuous-functioning of the system and lead to a low innovative performance are targets for policy maker. Hence, industrial and technological policies should be focused on: i) enhancing agents' capabilities and ii) improve their interactions. Thirdly, we have identified a literature integrated by contributions from evolutionary authors interested on the role of demand and cumulative causation process (Dosi, 2014; Saviotti y Pyka, 2002; Antonelli, 2011). This contributions are complemented and extended by others contributions that comes from neo-Structuralist and post-Keynesianism framework (Cimoli, Dosi, Stiglitz, 2009; Cimoli y Porcile, 2011, 2013) and authors inscribed in both theoretical traditions (Lee, 2013; Dosi, 2014). This evolutionary approach is focused on the divergence between economies and considers that gap's reduction requires policies aimed at promote the generation of non-related variety with the production structure (Saviotti y Pika, 2002). In this context, the main objective of this paper is to discuss the prescriptions of industrial and technological policy that can be derived from this broad group of heterodox authors; and taking into account the specificities of developing countries stressed by Arocena and Sutz (2000, 2002 y 2003), Dutrenit, Rodriguez and Vera-Cruz (2006) and Cassiolato and Lastres (2009), among others. The combination of the three evolutionary streams is the path that industrial and technological policy should follow in developing economies and especially in Latin America. So, incorporating a concern for the divergence and the need for instruments that strengthen both the coevolution between related and unrelated variety and the dynamic of micro, meso and macro dimensions are keys. These instruments would be enhanced even more if population competition and innovation systems approaches are considered. This requires i ) to consider in which scheme of population competition the generation of variety emerge, ii) to develop firm´s capacities, and iii ) to design tools to improve the selection conditions These related and unrelated variety processes have a sectorial and regional general affiliation. Therefore, the contribution of the literature of local and sectorial innovation systems is important to understand existing blockades to generate positive feedbacks and increasing returns. Finally, the national innovation system approach can add elements of policy focused on both the necessary institutions for generating unrelated variety processes in the interactions between institutions and firms, and the need to identify the blockages that impede the process of building capacities.


The characteristics of a new compound-semiconductor heterostructure tunneling resonator are analyzed using the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. The device is formed by imbedding the usual double-barrier tunneling structure between two additional heterojunctions forming the reflectors of the resonator. Tunable quantum mechanical oscillations in the frequency range from 300 to 600 GHz are observed for typical device parameters. Two potential millimeter-wave device applications are proposed.<<ETX>>


Many reconstruction projects are continuing in the tsunami-hit areas after the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (GEJET) of 2011. However, some large-scale construction projects have provoked adverse reaction. In Rikuzentakata City, enormous conveyor belts deliver mud for raising the ground level up to an average height of 7.4 meters. However, some researchers have pointed out the negative effects of this action on the ecosystem. There are other instances, such as the controversial construction of massive seawalls along the coast. In the tsunami-hit areas on the eastern coast of Japan, the standard was adopted that the seawalls should withstand a once-in-a-hundred-years tsunami. After the GEJET, gray infrastructure was created in many of the coastal areas. However, some fishermen have complained that the concrete infrastructure obstructed the view of the sea from their houses. Some conservationists have also warned that Japan was depending too heavily on these measures. These topics are under discussion among the national government, local governments, local authorities, the local inhabitants, researchers, and nature conservationists. Some of the topics include which body decides whether the gray infrastructure should be constructed, and how such a decision was to be made. As regards the tsunami-hit areas of east Japan, a well-argued land-use plan should have been created in an early stage of the post-disaster reconstruction, even though each stakeholder had a different opinion on the subject. To give an example, disaster prevention awareness might be raised while environment awareness might be relatively reduced in the post-disaster areas. Therefore, it is most important that there should be a balanced approach in terms of the land-use plan. If such an approach is followed, the methodology has to be created to combine the land-use plan with the concept of nature conservation. From this point of view, the purpose of this study is 1) to regard the Okushiri Island as a tsunami-disaster-area case study in order to classify the aspects for disaster risk reduction (DRR), and 2) to address the challenges of reaching consensus among the local stakeholders. With the aim of discerning the future points for discussion, Okushiri Island in Japan was selected as a tsunami-disaster study area in preference to the Sanriku coastal area. In 1993, this island was hit by a tsunami, which led to 172 deaths and 26 missing persons. Some 437 houses were destroyed, while 88 were damaged. The total cost of the damage was approximately 66 billion yen. In the aftermath, based on the evidence of the tsunami, 11-meter-high seawalls were erected on Okushiri Island. However, this reconstruction project has also led to controversy. Literal materials were collected and interviews were conducted in 2014 and 2015 in order to summarize the points at issue. The concerns relating to DRR and the decision-making process were also summarized. It was found that the local government had placed a priority on the rapid restoration and rebuilding of the infrastructure in the area, including houses, the sewage treatment plant, the town, and the like. Although the ruins of the houses and infrastructures can have warning messages related to a disaster risk, they were not preserved because of this priority. However, the fishermen on the island, anglers, and tourists have complained that the sea was no longer visible from the low land. One of the fishermen expressed the opinion that the poor catch of fish had been caused by ground subsidence, and not by the massive seawall. It was found that there were different approaches to the reconstruction. In respect of Okushiri Island, a top-down approach had been adopted to expedite the reconstruction of the island and to reduce the disaster risks. The results of the study suggest that bridging the gap between the different views on reconstruction and finding common ground for the future is needed.


Despite the huge technical possibilities for perinatal diagnostics, congenital disorders of the respiratory tract including pulmonary anomalies continue to raise difficulties concerning the differential diagnosis.
We present a case of a two-year-old boy who had a history of prolonged dry, non-productive cough, good overall condition, adequate growth and absence of lung and heart auscultatory changes. An X-ray of the lungs and a CT scan with virtual bronchographic image were performed. As a result, congenital lobar emphysema of the left upper lung lobe was diagnosed. It was caused by a slit-like narrowing of the left upper lobar bronchus. The approach with active observation turned out to be the most useful for this patient with asymptomatic emphysema.


A continuous analogue is derived for Radó's comparison formulæ. The analogue is then employed to provide a result which continues Radó's result and interpolates an inequality of Pittenger.


Study Design: A prospective radiological assessment. Objectives: Changes in the height, area, and width--captured using computed tomography (CT)--of the neural foramen with respect to changes in the intervertebral disc height, after undergoing an anterior cervical disc removal and fusion procedure. Summary of Literature Review: The multiple authors of this study, by obtaining central canal and area of neural foramen by increasing the disc spacing height and area of the neural foramen, attempted to assess the height increase of disc spacing. It is necessary to consider the synergistic effects of decompression through dissection of the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL). Materials and Methods: The authors studied 17 patient cases that underwent one segment anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for degenerative cervical disease from June 2006 to March 2007. All patient cases underwent autogenous iliac bone graft or cage insertion with plate fixation procedure. We measured the areas of the neural foramen, heights of the vertebra body above and below the removed intervertebral disc with CT before and after ACDF. Radiographic measurements were averaged. Results: Among the 17 cases, the height of the cervical disc increased in 15 cases and decreased in 2 cases. The heights of the neural foramen increased in 19 cases and showed no changes in 13 cases. The areas of the neural foramen increased in 23 cases and decreased in 6 cases. The heights of vertebral body above and below the removed disc increased by 5.4% (p=0.734), and the heights of the neural foramen increased by 13.3% (p=0.002). The area of the neural foramen increased by 13.6% (p=0.192). The widths of the neural foramen increased by 2.3% (p=0.586). The intervertebral disc height, neural foramen height, and neural foramen area increased by 39.6%, 8.4%, and 17.9%, respectively, after a 2mm lengthening of bone transplant. The intervertebral disc height, neural foramen height, and neural foramen area increased by 59.8%, 22.9%, and 10.3%, respectively, after a 3mm lengthening of bone transplant. The height and area of neural foramen increased by 18.3% and 18.2%, respectively, after the PLL removal and dissection. Conclusions: The follow-up observations of the intervertebral disc height, neural foramen height, and neural foramen area showed increases after one segment ACDF in cervical disease cases, when compared to the preoperative radiographic findings. As the height of bone transplant increased, the intervertebral disc height, neural foramen height, and neural foramen area increased. The neural foramen height and neural foramen area significantly increased, when PLL was dissected.


This article describes the administrative and financial role of the cooperation attache for French, as well as the indispensable knowledge required for this position. Then, the article gains an insight into the duties and responsibilities of these agents and into their invaluable contribution to the dissemination of the French language and culture.


A flash flood, which occurred in July 1996 in the Saguenay area (Quebec), transported millions of tons of sediment to the upstream section of the Saguenay Fjord and the Baie des Ha! Ha! in a few da...


The re-reduction, described in J¨ ors¨ ater & van Moorsel (1995), of NGC 1300 VLA Hi observations, origi- nally obtained by M. England, motivates a new analysis of the velocity eld and rotation curve. Fitting tilted ring models to the Hi velocity data, we nd the new values for the orienta- tion parameters of NGC 1300 to be PAlon = 267 2 and i =3 5 5. Subsequently, the Hi rotation curve is extracted, and a residual velocity map constructed. The Hi velocity resid- uals in the bar region are found to be consistent with elliptical motion aligned with the bar major axis. Further out the residual velocities correlate with the position of the Hi spiral arms. We use 16 optical long slit emission line spectra, covering mainly the nuclear, bar, and inner arm region, to resolve the inner part of the velocity eld. Three new spectra are presented in this investigation, and the remaining 13 are found in the lit- erature. The optical velocities reveal a sharply rising rotation curve in the inner R< 10 00 , not seen in the Hi data due to beam-smearing. The optical velocity eld is weighted together with the Hi velocities to produce a combined velocity eld. This velocity eld is interpreted using hydrodynamical models in a subsequent paper by Lindblad & Kristen (1996).


Nosocomial infection (NI) is one of the most important problems facing the world. This work is dedicated to investigating the prevalence rates of NI in sputum and surgical wounds samples in addition to determine the impact of antibiotic disks on isolated bacteria. This study included fifty samples of sputum and thirty four samples of surgical wounds from fifty patients staying for 3 days or more in Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. A total of 7 antibiotics selected from three families having different mode of action were used. Our findings demonstrated that the highest prevalence rate of NI was detected in K. pneumoniae and MRSA (35%, n=14 for each other) followed by E. coli (12.5%, n=5), Ps. putida (7.5%, n=3) and finally P. mirabilis and Ps. aeruginosa (5%, n=2 for each other). In addition, the results showed variable impact of various antibiotics on isolated bacteria associated with NI. Interestingly, our findings showed that K. pneumoniae was the most resistance bacteria against all antibiotic disks except Neomycin.


A single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) double-pulse injection-seeded neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser was established utilizing an RbTiOPO4 electro-optic crystal to modulate the optical path of the slave resonator for generating a resonance condition. The Q-switcher was fired twice during every pump period. This enabled the laser to emit a pair of SLM laser pulses with a time separation of 200 mu s. Each pulse had a pulse energy of 13 mJ at 50-Hz repetition rate, pulse duration of 20 +/- 0.5 ns, and linewidth of 30 +/- 0.3 MHz (within 2 min). The beam quality factor of M-2 was <1.22. A frequency jitter of 1.4 MHz was obtained within 2 min. (C) 2017 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)


Even though vaccination programs against infectious causes of bovine abortion are widely used, abortion remains a frustrating problem for both practitioners and pathologists (1). Veterinary pathology laboratories successfully diagnose only 25-40Wo of submitted aborted fetuses (2). It has been estimated that 3-4% of cows diagnosed pregnant between 30 and 50 days after breeding abort (2). A descriptive study of a large California herd reported 6.3 abortions per 10,000 risk days (3). In practice, only a fraction of bovine abortions are actually observed by dairy producers, and embryonic deaths are only occasionally observed. Cows diagnosed pregnant can return to heat. Sometimes, cows diagnosed pregnant are found open when rechecked. Misdiagnosis, iatrogenically-induced or spontaneous expulsion, or absorption could occur (4-7). It is often impossible to differentiate among these events. It is more practical for dairy practitioners to monitor ''pregnancy losses" than abortions. Controversy exists with regard to the safety of transrectal pregnancy diagnosis (4-7). The controversy relates to the use of the membrane slip technique and early pregnancy diagnosing (4-7). Pregnancy diagnosing may be the most frequently performed veterinary intervention in dairy practice, and early pregnancy diagnosing is routine (7). Monitoring pregnancy losses may be the first step in evaluating palpation accuracy and safety. Evaluation of performance usually includes the comparison of an individual herd to a group of similar herds. As reference values could not be found, we conducted a field study to generate baseline values for five herd pregnancy loss parameters. "Abortions per 10,000 risk days" has been defined as the number of abortions divided by the sum of "cow days at risk" of abortion (3). As we were often unable to establish whether the pregnancy loss was a misdiagnosis or the loss of an embryo or fetus, "abortions per 10,000 risk days" was transformed into "pregnancy losses per 10,000 risk days". Pregnancy losses were defined as abortions, embryonic deaths, returns to heat, or returns to open status by subsequent veterinary examination. All occurred after a positive pregnancy diagnosis by one of four veterinarians. When cows remained pregnant to 260 days of gestation, "cow days at risk" of pregnancy loss was defined as the sum of days between the date of pregnancy diagnosis and 260 days of gestational age. When cows experienced a pregnancy loss, cow days at risk was computed from the date of pregnancy diagnosis to date of loss. When cows lost their positive pregnancy status and a fetus was not seen, the date of loss was either the date of return to heat or the date diagnosed open, whichever occurred first. If the fetus was seen, the loss date was the date of expulsion. In the case of a mummified fetus, return to an open status was either the date of expulsion or the date the mummification was diagnosed, whichever occurred first. Pregnancy losses per 10,000 risk days was computed by the following formula:


This article analyses dialect lexemes recorded in the Russian dialects of Karelia, which genetically go back to the Finnic lexical fund and represent a fragment of the semantic field "A speaking person". The purpose of the article is to describe the features of the adaptation of loanwords and the peculiarities of their functioning in Russian dialects at the formal-grammatical level. Such an analysis of a genetically and semantically related group of words borrowed into dialects has never been carried out previously. The author focuses on verbal nominations denoting the speaking process and derivatives from them referring to Russian dialect and etymological dictionaries and dialectological and etymological research as a source base. For comparison, the author uses data from dictionaries of the Karelian, Vepsian, and Finnish languages. The analysis of words reveals a high variability of the material due to the adaptation of genetically different morphemes. As a foreign word entered the system of the receiving language, the root morpheme carried the main load, and to adapt it, the language used a Slavic word-formation element. The correlation of the derived nominations demonstrates that there are certain lacunae in the fixation of materials due to the peculiarities of data collection. In some cases, missing lexemes can be reconstructed according to well-known grammatical and most popular and active word-formation models in the Russian language. Also, the author puts forward a hypothesis about the time of possible occurrence of such words in the system of dialects. Russian studies of the features of formal and grammatical adaptation of the nominations of the speech process prove that loanwords first became a fact of the lexical system of the Russian language in the border territories of interaction between Russians and Veps and Karelians, and then they were introduced into the speech of Russian-speaking residents of Karelia in a wider space. The latter is confirmed by the geography of the existence of the studied lexemes related to the Russian dialects of Karelia and adjacent regions. The author pays special attention to bright indicators of borrowing at the grammatical and morphemic levels — the verbs ending in -андать/-айдать.


We have previously demonstrated that premature neonates (34-38 gestational weeks) react differently to their mother's addressed voice than to adult directed speech. Their heart rate variability is lowered, and the mean frequency increases or decreases according to the neonate's prior behavioral state. Similarly fetuses (36-39 gestational weeks) have been given their mother's voice during 4 minutes each, separated by 3 minutes of silence: 1)reading a text; 2)talking to them; 3)talking to an adult, then: 4)her recorded "talking to them" in broadcasted above the abdomen and also: 5)a standard sound (ocean waves). The signal of fetal heart rate pattern is obtained from a Hewlett-Packard 8040 fetal monitor interfaced to an IBM-PC compatible computer. Spectral analysis was performed every 51.2 seconds on each recording, and comprised the measurement of spectral density (SD) every 0.02 Hz, as well as the determination of the position of the maximum energy peak (PMEP). In the 0.02-0.05, 0.05-0.15 and 0.15-0.5 Hz bands.


The effect of an ionic (SDS) and two nonionic (TX-100 and Tween 20) surfactants on the electron transfer reaction between l-leucine and gold(III) complexes has been investigated in acetate buffer. H+, Cl–, and decreasing dielectric constant of the medium have inhibiting effects on the reaction rate. The reaction product has been identified as isovaleraldehyde by 1H NMR. Two different Au(III) species and the zwitterion form of the amino acid react where Au(III) undergoes a one step two-electron transfer process. In the presence of surfactants, the postmicellar kinetics has been explained in the light of Berezin's model where both the oxidant and the substrate are solubilized in the micellar pseudophase and then react. The leucine molecules occupy the hydrophobic core of the micelle with the polar amino and acid groups projected in the Stern/palisade layer among the surfactant head-groups and the oxidant species. The binding constants for substrate–micelle association and the corresponding enthalpy changes ...


This chapter argues that the changing character of conflict demands rethinking U S civil-military relations. The United States has long relied on a nuclear deterrent and conventional military superiority to defend itself, but its adversaries have changed the rules of the game to exploit civilian vulnerabilities in the U S homeland using non kinetic tools. To ensure continued civilian control of the military use of force and effective management of competition below the threshold of war, civilian leaders must assume greater responsibility for the political and operational management of hostilities in the Gray Zone. Because civilian leaders are underprepared for this new global competition, they will be tempted to default to conventional military solutions. Traditional civil-military frameworks did not envision permanent conflict or the centrality of civilian terrain, capabilities, and operational responsibilities. The United States needs civilian-led tools and approaches to effectively avoid the dual extremes of national immobilization in the face of non kinetic threats and inadvertent escalation of conflict without civilian authorization or intent. Civilian adaptation could also diminish the traditional role of the armed forces in defending the nation. The United States must rewire the relationship of the military and civilians through its decisions about how to manage Gray Zone competition.


The aim of this paper is to establish the Gauss-Bonnet-Chern integral inequalities and isoperimetric deficit formulas for complete conformal metrics on R n , n � 3 with scalar curvature being nonnegative near infinity and Q-curvature being absolutely convergent.


This paper analyzes the study of Multiobjective Transportation Problem (MOTP) under the consideration of fuzzy decision variable. Usually, the decision variable in a Transportation Problem is taken as real variable. But, in this paper, the decision variable in each node is selected from a set of multi-choice fuzzy numbers. Inclusion of multiple objectives into transportation problem with fuzzy decision variable makes it a Multiobjective Fuzzy Transportation Problem (MOFTP). In this paper, a new formulation of mathematical model of MOFTP with fuzzy goal of each objective function is enlisted. Thereafter the solution technique of the formulated model is described through multi-choice goal programming approach. Finally, a numerical example is presented to show the feasibility and usefulness of this article.


Undoubtedly, the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union played an important role in modern Balkan history. In international politics, the treaty of Kuchuk Kainardji (1774) is considered as one of the most significant points for Russian advancement into the Balkans. This article outlines the significance of this treaty by analysing its background and stipulations. After the Ottoman Empire lost its predominance over the West European countries and Russia at the end of the seventeenth century, the Ottoman Empire, Russia, the Habsburg Empire and the newly emerging Prussia coexisted in the first half of the following century and these four countries gradually strengthened their ties. In this situation, Russia attempted to expand its influence into the Balkans. However, at that time the Ottoman control over the Balkans was still so firm that such attempts were unsuccessful. This situation, however, changed when the Russo-Ottoman war broke out in 1768. In this war, the Russian troops defeated the Ottoman troops at most fronts including Greece and the Danubian principalities. As Russia's victory continued, the orthodox subjects in the Balkans began to expect Russian protection. Consequently, the Habsburg Empire and Prussia sensed an impending crisis due to the expansion of the Russian influence into the Balkans, and they began to intervene in this war as mediators. In the peace negotiations, although Russia occupied most of the territory of Wallachia and Moldavia, it was obliged to return both countries to the Ottoman Empire because of immense pressure from both the mediators. Nevertheless, Russia attempted to maintain its influence on the Danubian principalities and to obtain some clues for its advancement into the Balkans in the future. In 1774, Russia and the Ottoman Empire signed a peace agreement at Kuchuk Kainardji.


With the pervasion of Internet and the sharp increase of the number of netizens, Network public opinion has been serving as an effective method in the monitoring and reflection of social public opinion. However, Regulatory Authorities are inclined to concern more about public opinion in a special field while it is too difficult to acquisite the expected information that relates to a special area from the massive searching results based on key words, on the other hand, it is powerless for the key words to express the searching desire since its easiness of generating semantic drift phenomenon. This article introduced a semantic Web - based Network public opinion analysis system which realizes the vertical search of public opinion, and the analysis of specialization, besides, it completely solve the semantic drift phenomenon problem in public opinion analysis by establishing domain ontology. Taking public opinion in colleges and universities of Hubei Province for sample, we succeed in implementing the prototype system as well as demonstrating the effectiveness of the model.


Education always determines the progress and development of a society. Harmonious education is an ultimate concept concerning human and nature,human and society,and human and human,which focuses on quasi-subject. It is a reflection on the alienated state resulted from various individualized educational forms. The ultimate tendency towards harmonious education is the respect for and reconstruction of the quasi-subject.


Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems obtain large diversity and capacity gains by employing multi-element antenna arrays at both transmitter and receiver. The theoretical performance benefits, however, are irrelevant unless low error rate, high spectral efficiency spatio-temporal signaling techniques are found. Most work in space-time coding concentrates on either designing low error rate codes or high data-rate codes but not both simultaneously. This paper proposes a new method for designing high data-rate spatio-temporal signals with low error rates. The basic idea is to use transmitter channel information in the form of limited feedback to adaptively vary the transmission scheme for a fixed data-rate. This adaptation is done by varying the number of substreams and the rate of each substream in a precoded spatial multiplexing system. We show how this method can be implemented in a limited feedback scenario where only finite sets, or codebooks, of possible precoding configurations are known to both the transmitter and receiver. Monte Carlo simulations show substantial performance gains over beamforming and spatial multiplexing.


My immediate reaction when asked to present a history of hyaline membrane disease (HMD) was that I was too young for such a task! Upon reflection, I concluded that this was not true. As a medical student in the late fifties, I recall the numerous theories proposed for the pathogenesis of the disease. Later (about 20 years ago), I prepared a talk on HMD while a house officer at Hopkins. Fibrinolysin deficiency and surfactant deficiency were the two new and favorite theories of the day and, with the passage of time, the former has slipped into well deserved oblivion. Treatment was of course extremely primitive in those days but Bob Usher had begun to make systematic biochemical measurements and the "Usher Regime" was the approach of the day. [1,2] How rapidly we have progressed since then! With the exciting new possiblity of both prevention or replacement therapy for HMD the future looks promising.


The probable maximum diving capacities of the Weddell seal were ascertained from observation of 959 dives and measurement of the depths of 381 dives. The deepest dive was 600 meters; the longest submergence was 43 minutes 20 seconds.


Reducing coupling and improving isolation between transmission lines is critical for achieving high-speed signal transmission with promising signal integrity. In this paper, using the intrinsic characteristics of field confinement and transverse magnetic (TM) wave mode of the spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) transmission line (TL), isolation of dual TLs comprising of a microstrip and a SSPP TL are greatly enhanced by 15 dB. Simulated results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and the design principle may bring advantages to high-speed integrated system.


A new algorithm for blind source separation is proposed, which only extracts the single independent component at each stage. The single independent component is acquired by an iterative algorithm for searching for the optimal solution of the defined cost function. Moreover, all the independent components are obtained by systematic multistage decomposition and multistage reconstruction. When there is spatially colored noise, the performance of this algorithm is advantageous over jointly approximated diagonalization of eigen-matrices (JADE) . Simulated results show that if the number of source signals is more than 25, its computational complexity is lower than that of JADE.


As the concept of emotion in organizations gains popularity in both research and practice, the danger of atheoretical application grows. Scholars of emotion in organizations have begun to refer to Giddens' (1979) structuration theory as potentially relevant for the phenomenon of emotion. This article demonstrates how existing research on emotion can be framed in the context of emotion structuration that depicts how emotions both structure and are structured by social systems. Unlike Giddens' structuration theory, which does not address the role of emotion in social systems and structures, emotion structuration explicitly focuses on emotion. Essentially, emotion structuration is an attempt to reframe Giddens' work to describe the process of how emotions and social contexts interact and, as a result, modify each other.


Introduction: We describe the case of a 10-year-old girl with an unusually severe and complicated episode of acute septic arthritis due to Streptococcus dysgalactiae , and systematically review the literature describing osteoarticular infections with this organism. CasePresentation: A10-year-oldgirlwithhereditarysensoryandautonomicneuropathytype5andchronic(Charcot)arthropathy of the right knee presented with severe swelling and warmth of the right knee associated with 2 days of fever. She was ultimately diagnosed with septic arthritis of the right knee due to S. dysgalactiae . Her subsequent clinical course was abnormally prolonged and complicated, requiring an 8-week hospitalization, 7 arthrotomies and 8 months of total antimicrobial therapy. Conclusions: GroupGStreptococci,including S.dysgalactiae ,areunusualcausesof septicarthritis. Ourpatients' clinicalcoursewas more severe than typically seen with more common osteoarticular pathogens. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on this condition, which demonstrated 7 previously reported cases of septic arthritis due to this pathogen in children, and also review the most current nomenclature and classification scheme for the organism.


Objectives:To investigate the effects of small interference RNA(siRNA) silencing Annexin Ⅱ on invasion and metastasis of human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231.Methods:The chemically-synthetic siRNA duplexes targeting Annexin Ⅱ(Annexin Ⅱ-siRNA) was transiently transfected into MDA-MB-231 cells which have high metastatic potential by lipofectamin 2000.The transfection efficiency was observed by fluorescence microscopy.RT-PCR and western blot were used to semi-quantify the Annexin Ⅱ mRNA and protein levels.The malignant characters of transfected MDA-MB-231 cells including celluar proliferation rate,the activities of invasion and metastasis were analyzed by use of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) and millicell chamber assay,respectivilly.Results:Annexin Ⅱ-siRNA effectively inhibited Annexin Ⅱ mRNA and protein levels(P0.05).With siRNA interferring cells,the ability of cells proliferation was decreased(P0.05),and cells invasive and metastasis were depressed(P0.05).Conclusion:Silencing Annexin Ⅱ could significantly inhibit the abilities of invasion and metastasis of human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 in vitro.


Using the extended homogeneous balance method, we find some special types of single solitary wave solution and new types of the multisoliton solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa equation.


The article traces the origins and early developments of European fusion research in the framework of Euratom and of postwar nuclear international institutionalism, and as an episode of both the technoscientific Cold War and the interaction between big science and politics in the history of European integration. Based on original Italian, French and European Union archival sources, the article deals with four main passages of Euratom's fusion history: the Euratom treaty and Euratom's first five-year programme (1958–62); the early attempts to establish a Euratom ‒ CERN Joint Study Group for Fusion Research (1958‒9); the launching of Euratom's first fusion programme; and the contribution of Euratom's 'fusion association contracts' with the member states to the creation and training of a European transnational epistemic community of fusion scientists and technocrats. The Merger Treaty of 1965, the 'crisis' of Euratom and the prospect of British entry in the Community, as well as the 'tokamak revolution' of the late 1960s, would contribute to substantially redefine the European fusion programme.


As a new field in logistics management,reverse logistics has attracted more and more attention in the circle of business and theory.It has so many advantages as reducing production costs,increasing customers' degree of satisfaction and enhancing competitive ability of companies which are of great significance to our business practices.This article discusses the meaning and role of reverse logistics,explains the reason for its development and the problems that exist in our management reality.Finally,it involves in talking about its inspiration on our companies.


This paper investigates topologically semiconjugate dynamics as a macrorepresentation of microeconomic dynamics. The condition for its existence, its summarizing property, and its inferability property are discussed. As an example, we present a model of a temporary equilibrium price dynamic that has a topologically semiconjugate one-dimensional income dynamic, from which the nature of the original price dynamic will be inferred.


Four experiments are reported showing that young infants can pick up visual information from very brief displays. Pattern, edge orientation, and form can be discriminated when stimuli are presented for repeated exposures of only 300 ms.


This study aims to determine the effect of variable perception of neighborhood, personality, religiosity ,victimization and gender towards fear of crime on UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta students.The subject in this research are 289 students wich were taken with non-probability sampling techniques. The researchers modify scales consists of fear of crime scale developed by Gabriel and Greve, Perception of Block Problems, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised(EPQ-R), religiosity scale developed by Kendler et al and Victimization Index .CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) was used to test the validity of instrument and Multiple Regression Analysis was used as technique to test the research hypothesis. DOI: 10.15408/tazkiya.v22i1.8164


The invention discloses a jacquard redline red edge jean fabric, a making process and a making machine. Redline red edges are arranged at edges of two sides of a jacquard fabric body, jacquard patterns are prepared, warping operation and sizing operation are performed, sized yarns are knotted in a penetrating manner, and edge yarns and weft yarns are prepared. The upper portion of the machine is connected with the lower portion of the machine through a vertical shaft connecting rod, a second frame is fixedly connected with a first frame through a wheel carrier, a shaft chain is arranged at the front end of the upper portion of the second frame, a second sprocket is arranged at the rear end of the upper portion of the second frame, a frame cross rod is mounted on the lower portion of the second frame, the middle of the second frame is connected with the first frame through the wheel carrier, a third sprocket and a fourth sprocket are mounted on the lower portion of the side face of the second frame. A large jacquard machine is combined with a shuttle loom, time and cost are saved, the thick-and-heavy jean fabric is woven and has richer and diversified patterns, the machine is integrated, the fabric is conveniently and rapidly machined, a large number of manpower and material resources are not needed for carrying, short time is consumed, and working efficiency is improved.


The early part of his long medical life was spent in London, where later he became physician to the Middlesex Hospital, and lecturer on clinical medicine, forensic medicine, and public health in its medical school. He was also physician, and afterwards consulting physician, to the Royal Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, London. He took his D.P.H. at Cambridge in 1883, and was elected F.R.C.P.Lond. in 1885.


A wideband monolithic low noise amplifier which covers the frequency band from 8 to 18 GHz has been designed and fabricated. The amplifier has a noise figure less than 4.3 dB and an associated gain of 8.5 dB across the entire band. A revised version of the amplifier which has a design goal of sub-four dB noise figure and an associated gain of 12 dB has been processed. Measured data will be presented at the conference.


This article reviews the different methods of constructing multilateral output and productivity indices for agriculture in cross‐country panel studies. We show that various multilateral output indices used by different researchers can have considerable disparities, thus rendering the comparison of the final results problematic. The production indices produced by the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) are increasingly used by researchers as a unique source of data for cross‐country panel studies. The article examines the properties of the FAO index, and finds them deficient in paying little attention to the problem of loss of characteristicity in a highly heterogeneous panel. It is shown that the FAO production indices lead to unacceptably large deviations from domestically based production indices in the case of low‐income countries. It is argued further that the use of the FAO production index can lead to spurious results in econometric studies of the links between productivity growth, per capita income, and price levels.


The study highlights the originality of the female figure of Dhuoda Septimanie inserting in its historical context. We analyze carefully the only text written by this woman of the ninth century, the Manualis, dedicated to his son away and aimed at the child's education.


subject of the emotional dependence that some women develop when building relationships with men. The monographs by Beattie (1992), Norwood (2009) and Peabody (2005) are notable examples. In Spain, Castelló Blasco (2005) has also studied this subject in depth, exploring its delimitation, its causes and the most efficacious interventions to help to resolve the issue. Although purely informative, the following texts are worth mentioning because of their wide dissemination: Castanyer (2013), Congost (2013) and Riso (2014). Tangentially, several of these papers have approached the problem of women who become involved in emotional relationships with married men and the development of situations of co-dependence or "affective addiction" towards them, and a number of elements that are mentioned here have been described. The pattern outlined in this article –the "Fortunata syndrome", which is a particular form of this affective dependence– has not been found described as such in any of these texts. It is necessary to begin by clarifying that the phrase "Fortunata syndrome" is not identified with any disease, psychiatric disorder or psychopathological condition, rather it is used only to integrate a set of behaviours (thoughts, feelings and actions) that some women repeat when becoming involved with married men. Its use is therefore merely descriptive of a social and psychological phenomenon. Dealing with this issue, it is easy for misunderstandings to arise, confusing the position and feelings of these women with what popular culture calls "mistresses" or "lovers", or relating them to "platonic love" or "romance". Far from pathologising a common situation in societies of all eras –and that is not what we suggest here–, the aim is to identify and delimit a specific THE "FORTUNATA SYNDROME": A FORM OF EMOTIONAL DEPENDENCY


Summary Effects of botanical insecticides, azadirachtin and pyrethrum, on the development and behavior; capsaicin and d-Limonene, on behavior of Venturia canescens Gravenhorst were determined with a two-choice test using Y-tube olfactometer. The LC50 and LC25 values for azadirachtin and pyrethrum were also determined in the third and fifth larval stages of the host Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. The third and fifth larval stages of E. kuehniella were parasitized and then these larvae were treated with LC50 and LC25 values for the same botanical insecticides. While development time of the parasitoid was prolonged, the longevity and emergence rate were reduced at the LC50 and LC25 values of azadirachtin. Pyrethrum was much more toxic for the parasitoid with LC50 value caused 100% mortality of V. canescens. LC25 value of pyrethrum caused a great reduction in parasitoid progeny, prolonged development and reduced the longevity. In addition, botanical insecticides and extracts were repellent to parasitoid adults. The use of azadirachtin, pyrethrum, capsaicin and d-Limonene is therefore not compatible with parasitoid V. canescens.


Background: There is limited data about ischemic stroke in India. We characterized the clinical profile, risk factors and predictors of outcome after stroke in the Indian population, and investigated regional variations. Methods: The Indo-US Stroke Registry and Infrastructure Development Project, jointly funded by NINDS and the Indian Department of Biotechnology, currently includes 5 geographically diverse centers in North and South India and one in Boston, USA. Trained MD co-investigators and research coordinators prospectively collect data on consecutive adult patients with imaging-confirmed ischemic stroke Results: From Nov-2012 to Jun-2013, 967 patients were enrolled. Mean age 59.7±13.9 yrs (range 20-92), 66% males. The patient population was 65% Hindu, 21% Sikh, 7% Christian, 6% Muslim, and 0.3% Jain; 58% had government health insurance. Only 3% arrived via EMS. Stroke risk factors included hypertension (66%), diabetes (39%), hyperlipidemia (20%), CAD (16%), atrial fibrillation (7.4%, rheumatic heart disease (5%). In addition to cigarette smoking (20%), exposure to beedi, hukkah, and smokeless tobacco (paan) was common (13%). The median admission NIHSS score was 9 (IQR, 5-15). Stroke subtypes using the automated 'Causative Classification of Stroke' program were large-artery atherosclerosis 31%, cardio-embolism 24%, small-vessel disease 15%, other defined causes 6%, and undetermined 24%. There were several regional differences, eg. hyperlipidemia, North 5% vs South 42% (p Conclusions: The data provide insights about stroke in a large developing country. Resources are needed to address risk factors, regional differences, and develop the infrastructure for stroke care in India.


Audio description is a technique used for "translating" visual material to aural readers/blind people. In this article, exploratory research on audio description (AD) is presented, which raises imp...


Background: The larger the amount of the midline shift on CT scan the poorer will be the outcome of traumatic head injury. Other variables such as Glasgow coma scale have been subsequently introduced to build more complex and accurate prognostic model.
Methods: A study was conducted on patients with acute traumatic head injury. Most common and important complication of traumatic head injury is the development of an increased intracranial pressure resulting in midline shift. The larger the amount of the midline shift on CT scan the poorer will be the outcome of traumatic head injury.
Results: External injury of scalpel is seen in 92% of cases, blackening of eye in 50% & vomiting in 50%. Cerebral contusion (50%) was the most common CT scan finding followed by depressed fracture (32%), subdural hematoma (22%) than extradural hematoma (6%). Hemorrhagic contusion was the most common CT scan finding irrespective of GCS score. In patients with GCS 3-5 other outcome findings are extradural hematoma, subdural hematoma, & depressed fracture. In patients with GCS 6-8 other common findings are extradural hematoma, depressed fracture & hemorrhagic contusion. In patients with GCS 9-12 other common findings were hemorrhagic contusion, depressed fracture & intra cerebral hematoma. In patients with GCS 13-15 other common findings were depressed fracture, hemorrhagic contusion.
Conclusions: The increased degree of midline shift in patients with head injuries by CT scan was related to the severity of head injury (GCS= 3-12) and was significantly related to poor final clinical outcome.
Keywords: CT scan, Glasgow coma scale, acute traumatic head injury.


Despite the large amount of research on WOM and social contagion in marketing, sociology, and other disciplines, surprisingly little is known about the drivers of individuals' WOM transmission behaviors. This paper seeks to better understand why and to whom consumers transmit WOM about products. Across three studies we find that (1) the main reasons for transmitting WOM are predominantly transmitter-focused and associated with transmitters using social capital embedded in their social relationships, (2) the importance placed on these reasons by transmitters is related to the types of recipients that they actually choose to talk to, (3) characteristics of recipients and the relationships they have with transmitters are strong drivers of transmitters' decisions of who to (and who not to) transmit information to, and (4) the underlying reasons for transmitting WOM, and hence the types of recipients that comprise one's preferred "audience," lie in transmitters wanting to use (but not build) social capital, but the type of use depends on whether people are sharing their own opinions ("initial transmission") or passing on others' opinions ("retransmission"). Specifically, initial transmitters use their social capital to give themselves a receptive audience for them to air their opinions with a high chance of being listened to. Retransmitters instead use social capital to obtain (but not contribute) new information from recipients and recipients' social networks. Thus, initial transmitters appear to talk for the sake of talking (and try to avoid being ignored), and retransmitters talk in order to get fresh information in return.


Disk image of a floppy disk containing approximately sixteen files dating from 1989. These documents include press releases titled "Old Atomic Energy Commission is Alive and Well at the Department of Energy" and "Mark, Barker, Rathjens and Harrison to Testify on the Tritium Production Halt and New Production Reactors". There are also text statements from Carson Mark and Paul Leventhal for submission to the House Armed Services Committee Panel on Department of Energy Defense Nuclear Facilities, Hearing on New Production Reactors and the Current Halt in Tritium Production.


"A solid addition to environmental literature, Dizard's book also provides an insightful look at the conflicts between the hunting and the animal rights communities. Highly recommended". -- Booklist


The hot compression tests of Al-Mn-Mg-RE alloy were performed at 300 ℃~500 ℃ under the strain rate of 0.01 s-1~10 s-1 on Gleeble-1500 system.The results show that the true stress-true strain curves exhibit a peak stress at a critical strain,and then,the flow stress decreases monotonically.The peak stress decreases as the deformation temperature increasing and strain rate decreasing,which can be represented by Zener-Hollomon parameter Z in the hyperbolic-sine equation with the hot deformation activation energy of 186.482 kJ/mol.The deformed microstructure consists of a great amount of dislocations within subgrains in the elongated grains at high Z value,but exhibits well formed subgrains in the recrystallized grains at low Z value.


Abstract
The effects of the anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone (dex), on lymphocyte biosynthesis were investigated by monitoring the activity of the rate-controlling enzyme of polyamine metabolism. A marked negative growth response was observed as early as 2 hours after dex treatment. This effect was found to be specific for lymphatic tissue, for the enzymes associated with polyamine biosynthesis and resulting only from dexamethasone, a cortisol analog, and not from other hormones.


ABSTRACT: Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) are frequently used in lieu of, or as an augmentation to, compacted clay liners as secondary hydraulic barriers in municipal solid waste containment facilities. GCLs are lately being assessed for use in industrial and mining applications, not only for the temporary storage of process waters and permanent disposal of tailings, but also beneath heap leach pads, where their performance will be subjected to loads, hydraulic heads and leachate chemistries outside the normal conditions found in conventional municipal solid waste landfills for which they were designed. This paper considers recent limited research assessing the compatibility of GCLs to leachates having extreme chemistry. Extreme chemistry is here defined as strongly alkaline (pH > 12), strongly acidic (pH 1 M). Based on the limited research available, GCLs cannot be expected to perform for the long-term when in contact with strongly acidic leachates; however there exists some indic...


Bioadhesives or surgical adhesives are an attractive and alternative material for suturing or stapling. The fibrin-based and cyanoacrylate adhesives are mostly used nowadays, but they still have some problems that are difficult to solve. The urethane-based adhesive has been considered as the most promising material because they are biocompatible and able to react with the amine groups of proteins on the living tissues. Its curing is, however, not satisfactory due to the aliphatic isocyanates used for its biocompatibility. Therefore, in this work, l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) as a third component from mussel's adhesive proteins was introduced to the urethane prepolymer to enhance the adhesive ability through a series of chemical reactions such as esterification, amidation, and handling of protection groups. Demethylation with two different experimental conditions was also evaluated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2013, 32, 21338; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21338


Manipulating transient mass transfer plays a crucial role in physics, chemistry, biology, and other fields. One typical example is chemical waves, whose concentration profiles have spatiotemporal variations. Based on a general model associated with the advection‐diffusion equation, an optimized transformation‐mass‐transfer theory is proposed to flexibly control transient mass transfer. As an example application, a class of separators is theoretically designed to achieve the separation of chemical waves. Meanwhile, three typical types of devices for cloaking, concentrating, and rotating chemical waves are proposed successfully, thus offering more versatile control methods. Such theoretical analysis is well confirmed by the computer simulations. These results provide insights into novel manipulation of chemical waves associated with biochemical reactions and promote potential applications for transient mass diffusion.


A personal history of the development of molten-salt reactors in the United States is presented. The initial goal was an aircraft propulsion reactor, and a molten fluoride-fueled Aircraft Reactor Experiment was operated at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1954. In 1956, the objective shifted to civilian nuclear power, and reactor concepts were developed using a circulating UF4-ThF4 fuel, graphite moderator, and Hastelloy-N pressure boundary. The program culminated in the successful operation of the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment in 1965 to 1969. By then the Atomic Energy Commission's goals had shifted to breeder development; the molten-salt program supported on-site reprocessing development and study of various reactor arrangements that had potential to breed. Some commercial and foreign interest contributed to the program which, however, was terminated by the government in 1976. The current status of the technology and prospects for revived interest are summarized. This story of the development of the molten salt


Sometimes the Holy Spirit asks us to do things that scare us. District Supervisor and Ordained Minister Juan M. Vallejo shares how when we love with Christ's love and are obedient to His instructions, the Holy Spirit's power manifests in us.


The purpose of this paper is to try to determine the effects of a governmental support for small farmers by a case study of the Rural Development Project in Thailand. This project aims to increase farmer's income by sideline chicken feeding. As the result, the project created a differentiated commodity of native chicken meat, also opened up the niche market for sustainable production of the sideline. The positive aspect of this project is that the project created five production societies, and keeping fairness of incomes and risks allocation in the societies. The negative aspect is that the fairness is kept by the government. The next step of developing this project is how to authorize fairness keeping to the societies.


To meet the increasing demands of communications engineering management and communication cabling talents,schools and enterprises carry out multi-faceted cooperation in the reform of the curriculum standards,laboratory environmental design,personnel training,program development,internships,certification,and many other business cooperation.The students can quickly adapt to the needs of enterprise development through the school's culture.According to the actual situation of Suzhou Vocational University,this article proposes the thinking about the course of experimental teaching and reform measures based on school-enterprise cooperation mode.


Impaired pulmonary gas exchange during heavy exercise, manifested as an increase in the alveolar‐arterial oxygen difference (A‐aDO2), may be due to anatomical intrapulmonary (IP) shunt recruitment. Dopamine (DA) has been shown to recruit IP shunts at rest and circulating DA increases with exercise, and thus may contribute to the increased A‐aDO2 during exercise. We hypothesized that gas exchange impairment during exercise will decrease with DA receptor blockade. Ten healthy males (Age: 25±6 yrs, VO2max: 56.3±6.6 ml∙kg‐1∙min‐1) performed two incremental staged cycling exercise sessions after ingestion of either placebo (P) or DA blockade (B) (Metoclopramide 20mg). Arterial blood gas sampling and cardiorespiratory data were obtained at rest and during 4 exercise intensities (30%, 50%, 75% and 90% of previously determined VO2max). At 90% VO2max, DA blockade decreased A‐aDO2 (P: 19.3±8.5 torr, B: 14.8±6.8 torr, p=0.038 and increased arterial O2 saturation (P: 95.4±1.0%, B: 96.2±0.9%, p=0.004). Blood gases were similar between the two groups at rest, 30%, 50% and 75% of VO2max. Compared to placebo, DA blockade did not change O2 consumption, CO2 production, or respiratory exchange ratio at any intensity. Administration of a DA receptor blockade decreased A‐aDO2 during near‐maximal exercise, suggesting that endogenous DA affects affects pulmonary gas exchange during exercise.


The success of the World Wide Web has brought an exponential growth of the user population the to tal host count and the amount of total tra c vol ume on the Internet As the Internet connectivity is reaching the global community the World Wide Web is becoming a global scale data dissemination sys tem Inevitably this over night exponential growth has also caused tra c overload at various places in the network Until recently advances in delivery fabrics gave the impression that scaling the Inter net was simply an issue of adding more resources Bandwidth and processing power could be brought to where they were needed The Internet s exponen tial growth however exposed this impression as a myth Information access has not been nor will it likely be evenly distributed As have been repeated observed popular Web pages create hot spots of network load with the same data transmitted over the same network links again and again to thousands of di erent users Hot spots also move around The photographs of Venus congested Los Nettos for one week the Midnight Madness release of Microsoft s Internet Explorer congested NorthWestNet for hours threatening Internet connectivity to Univer sity of Washington These are but a couple of well publicized examples Recent studies by Margo Seltzer of Harvard University also con rms that ash crowds are very common and that the cool site of the day moves around Bottleneck hot spots develop and break up more quickly than the network or the Web servers can be re provisioned A brute force approach to provisioning is not only infeasible but also ine ec tive


Objective:To study the chemical components of the volatile oil from Ajuga ovalifolia var.calantha.Methods:The volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-MS technique.Results:29 compositions were isolated and identified representing 98.12% of the total contents of the of A.ovalifolia var.calantha volatile oil,Among it,6 aliphatic olefin alcohols composition,39.63% of the amount,5 fatty acid composition,49.42% of the amount.Conclusion:The main composition of the volatile oil from Ajuga ovalifolia var.calantha are 9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol,-SS,the contents is 34.39%;n-Hexadecanoic acid,the contents is 42.79%.


In Lewis Carroll's 1865 book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland he introduced us to a character known as the Mad Hatter. Although Carroll's Mad Hatter was fictional, the strange and unpredictable behavior he displayed was not uncommon among people employed in the felt hat industry in the 1800s. The felting process used mercury nitrate and the constant exposure to the chemical eventually caused the hatters to develop mercury poisoning. The relationship between mercury poisoning and the hatters' behavior was not understood at the time, but the term "mad as a hatter" was in common usage.


Although roommate conflict and its negative effects are visible on Ghanaian campuses, most of the publications on this type of conflict have been written by scholars in the developed world. Consequently, challenges and consequences associated with this type of conflict in Ghana and developing countries have not been adequately discussed in the literature. This study investigates causes, consequences and management strategies of roommate conflict and willingness to pay for conflict resolution services. Findings of the study indicated that most of the students have had conflict with their roommate. Poor communication, lack of cooperation, unreturned greetings and cold looks were identified as the major forms or signs of conflicts. Respondents indicated main causes of conflicts as refusal to clean room, noise making in the room, gossiping about roommate and using roommate property without permission. With regards to consequences of these conflicts, students suggested feeling tensed and uncomfortable, staying outside their rooms for long hours, sleep distortion and depression to be the major consequences. The study revealed bringing roommate together to resolve conflict themselves, encouraging communication among roommates, negotiation with roommate and special training on developing cooperative attitude among roommate to be the major management strategies to address conflict. Most of the students were unwilling to pay for conflict resolution services if provided by the university. Results of the poison regression estimation suggests family size of student, number of roommates in a room and being in a love relationship as significant and negative predictors of frequency of roommate conflicts.


In voting theory, the Borda count's tendency to produce a tie in an election varies as a function of n, the number of voters, and m, the number of candidates. To better understand this tendency, we embed all possible rankings of candidates in a hyperplane sitting in m-dimensional space, to form an (m 1)-dimensional polytope: the mpermutahedron. The number of possible ties may then be determined computationally using a special class of polynomials with modular coefficients. However, due to the growing complexity of the system, this method has not yet been extended past the case of m = 3. We examine the properties of certain voting situations for m ≥ 4 to better understand an election's tendency to produce a Borda tie between all candidates.


Abstract We performed X‐ray absorption studies for the electrolytes of a Ti−Mn redox flow battery (RFB) to understand the redox reaction of the Ti/Mn ions and formation of precipitates in charged catholyte, because suppression of the disproportionation reaction is a key to improve the cyclability of Ti−Mn RFB and enhance the energy density. Hard X‐ray absorption spectroscopy with a high transmittance and soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy to directly observe the 3d orbitals were complementarily employed. Moreover, the Ti/Mn 3d electronic structure for each precipitate and solution in the charged catholyte was investigated by using scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy: the valence of Mn in the precipitate is mostly attributed to 4+, and the solution includes only Mn2+. This charge disproportionation reaction should occur after the Mn ions in the catholyte should be oxidized from Mn2+ to Mn3+ by charge.


Traditionally, the environmental issue has been addressed with eminently biological criteria, is highlighting the risks of environmental degradation, or the need for political and practical mechanisms to collaborate with their sustainable use. While a social discussion around this topic is of long standing, it was not until about three decades that begins to generate a debate, it was conceived that social participation is vital to advance the development and conservation of the environment in a responsible and sustainable way. At the start of the 90s of last century generated an intense discussion on the concept of citizenship and their social processes. The conservative and bourgeois visions of citizenship make it a product to ensure governance, it is conceived as a "limit" that defines and determines the areas of social participation of the majority.


With the development of new social media features that now make social media not only limited to exchanging information, but also used as a space for self-disclosure, one of which is self-disclosure on the Instagram "Close Friends" feature. With this feature, users can use it as a place to vent, express themselves more or be more honest by sharing private matters that are only known by the list of followers of their close friends. In terms of this phenomenon, it is called the hyperhonest phenomenon, namely venting more honestly. The purpose of the importance of this research is to find out and understand the hyperhonest phenomenon experienced by generation Z women in the Instagram close friends feature and the cyber culture of self-disclosure that is formed in the Instagram close friends feature, as well as to contribute to readers so that they consider disclosing personal information on the media. social. This study uses the study of Communication Privacy Management theory by Sandra Petronio (2002) which focuses on privacy management systems to regulate the level of privacy boundaries. The method used is Virtual Ethnography with in-depth interviews with 6 female respondents in the Z generation category and participant observation by researchers. The data validation technique uses data triangulation. Most of them set boundaries in sharing personal problems in the close friends feature that there is trust given to people they trust for shared information ownership, then cyber culture is formed in the Instagram close friends feature where the close friends space becomes a place of refuge to reveal personal information, share hyperhonest story.


Explores the many geographies of the Mediterranean Basin with chapters on the Mediterranean environment, geopolitics, economic development, trade, demography, migration, cities, tourism, landscapes, mountains and islands. Written by an international team of geographers, the book offers a carefully integrated and up-to-date treatment of the contemporary human geography of one of the world's most fascinating and significant regions.


Energy consumption of ethylene plants has been reduced markedly over the last 25 years. However, the application of combustion air preheat holds the potential for significant further improvements. These improvements will likely be required to keep ethylene competitive with substitute materials as hydrocarbon costs escalate. Steam cracking is a process which can be characterized as having resorted more to the use of force than creative science over the years. The nature of the chemical and physical properties of the molecules involved dictates very high temperatures at one end of the process and very low ones at the other.


Abstract Background This study is analysis the consequences of the reverse syphilis screening on the management of newborns exposed to maternal syphilis, and pediatric physicians' adherence to the existing guidelines. Methods We conducted a 5-year retrospective review of the maternal population and their newborns diagnosed with syphilis. Women with positive results (TT+/NTT+) and discordant (TT+/NTT-/TT+) and their newborns were included in the analysis. Results Per American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the 202 newborns were divided in two groups: proved or highly probable and possible congenital syphilis (Group A, n=102) and less likely and unlikely congenital syphilis (Group B, n=100). Except for the RPR, none of the other laboratory tests showed higher odds for predicting congenital syphilis. The RPR titers above 1:16 were only identified among newborns belonging to the Group A (5%); 32 patients (31%) in the Group A and 19 (9%) in the Group B had an RPR titer equal to or below 1:8. An RPR titer equal to or above 1:4 was almost three times more likely to be identified in patients from Group A (OR 2.91; CI 1.51- 5.59, p< 0.05). The newborns with non-reactive RPRs represented 64% of the patients in the Group A and 47% of them were born to mother with non-reactive RPR also (mothers with discordant results). Among the Group B, 82% of the neonates had a non-reactive RPR and 54% were delivered to mother with non-reactive RPRs. Babies in Group B had additional work-up performed 69% (n=37) of the time; 15% of these babies were treated with intramuscular penicillin which does not follow established AAP guidelines. Statistical analysis of the laboratory tests used for the congenital syphilis work-up Result table comparing the two groups of newborns Conclusion The reverse syphilis screening and non-adherence to the guidelines led to additional screening to half of the newborns in both groups. This study highlights the need for a comprehensive maternal history at the time of delivery that is effectively communicated between the providers. This might lead to greater congruence with the established AAP guidelines. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures


We report a quantum interference and imaging experiment which shows quantitatively that entangled two-photon violate the EPR inequality. This measurement provides a direct way to distinguish quantum entanglement from classical correlation in continuous variables


The evolution of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and open circuit potential were obtained from dacromet-coated mild steels,which were fully soaked in seawater.The EIS was analyzed by the equivalent circuit RO(RPC)(RDQ).The results showed the increasing with immersing time of the polarization resistance RP, double layer capacity C, diffusion resistance RD and the value of RD/RP. The conclusion was drawn that Zn dissolved at the beginning of corrosion process of dacromet and its sacrificial anode effects were limited by the accumulation of corrosion products,which thickened the thickness of passivation coating.The physical barrier action was the prominent anticorrosive mean afterwards.Dacromet coating failed to protect the base for pitting after the cooperation of diffusion and dissolution overtook the barrier effects.


The construction of computer learning environments that support a variety of learning styles is crucial because learning is acknowledged as being a subjective activity strongly dependent on the learning style of each individual learner. Designers of computer learning environments emphasize the design of an appropriate learner model that can support learners in successfully expressing their inter-individual learning differences. This study demonstrates that the use of Multiple Representation Systems (MRS) can play a crucial role in the enhancement of the learner model so as to allow a variety of learners to express their knowledge regarding a specific learning subject. More specifically, this study presents: a) the learner model in solving problems using MRS integrated in an open learning computer environment constructed for the learning of programming and C by secondary level education students (The L.E.C.G.O. environment, [1]), and b) the learner model in solving the same problems in both the paper and pencil environment and a typical compiler of Turbo C.


The core of Chinese agrarian culture is to support military activities with farming and the related thought of priority given to agriculture. The development of agriculture priority idea may be divided into three stages: the stress farming stages in the Qin Dynasty, The Han Dynasty set up the foundation to agrarian culture. The thought of agriculture priority reached its zenith during the initial stage of P.R of China and declined since the late of the 20th century. The No. 1 Document in 2005 disclosed some messages of the new thought of agriculture priority. However, there are still two obstacles to be overcome in order to let the new culture reform the old one, namely, to reconstruction of the thought of agriculture priority and a sweeping reform of the traditional agricultural system focused solely on grain cultivation.


In this paper we completely classify the circulant weighing matrices of weight 16 and odd order. It turns out that the order must be an odd multiple of either 21 or 31. Up to equivalence, there are two distinct matrices in CW(31,16), one matrix in CW(21,16) and another one in CW(63,16) (not obtainable by Kronecker product from CW(21,16)). The classification uses a multiplier existence theorem.


In this paper, we derive linear complexity over Fp of the M-ary Sidel'nikov sequences using discrete Fourier transform. As an example, we represent the linear complexity of the ternary Sidel'nikov sequences. It turned out that the ternary Sidel'nikov sequences have the linear complexity nearly close to their periods


At present, estimates of the percentage of students who are at-risk of dropping out of school range from 15% in rural communities to 66% in some urban populations (Cairns, Cairns, & Neckerman, 1989). Since they have increased economic, legal and psychological problems, at-risk students who eventually drop out of school create numerous problems for society. This may be due, in part, to inadequate skills and limited earning potential (Steinberg, Blind, & Chan, 1984). Students from a low socioeconomic (SES) background constitute the largest population of individuals considered to be at-risk of not graduating from high school (Tuma, 1989; Hobbs, 1990). Through research, educators and cognitive psychologists are investigating ways to reduce the number of at-risk students. Students cite numerous reasons for dropping out of school. These reasons are frequently complex and involve several factors. Research (Dunn & Griggs, 1988) has grouped these factors into four general categories: familial factors, personal characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and educational achievement and school behaviors. Of these factors, educational achievement and school behaviors are the only factors that can be altered by educators. Other studies (Texas Education Agency, 1986; Hahn, 1987) reveal that lack of academic achievement is the single best predictor of dropping out of school. Thus, if dropout rates are to be significantly lowered, strategies to improve the academic achievement of at-risk students must be developed. Research (Hobbs, 1990) asserts that socioeconomic status (SES) is the single best predictor of academic achievement; low SES predicts low achievement. Programs such as Title I, which began in the 1960s, have attempted to remediate the problems associated with being economically disadvantaged. Studies (Hubbell, 1983; White, 1985) indicate that participation in these programs initially increases achievement, but that these academic gains fade over time. This suggests that the methods currently being used to remediate the educational deficits associated with being economically disadvantaged should be revised. The question then becomes, how should these methods or techniques be changed? A significant body of research (Dunn & Dunn, 1992; Dunn, Krimsky, Murray, & Quinn, 1985; Hodges, 1985; Lemmon, 1985; Pizzo, 1981) indicates that the achievement of all students could be improved by providing initial instruction in a manner consistent with each student's learning style. Based on studies (Johnson, 1984; Thraser, 1984; Gadwa & Griggs, 1985) using the Dunn and Dunn model of learning styles and the Learning Style Inventory (Dunn, Dunn & Price, 1989), many high school dropouts have learning styles that are mis-matched with the traditional instructional mode. While low SES is highly correlated with low achievement, some low SES students are academically successful. These differences in achievement may be associated with differences in learning styles. Since both low SES and learning styles incompatible with traditional instruction are highly associated with school dropouts (Dunn & Griggs, 1988), it would seem that the low SES, nontraditional learner is in double jeopardy of dropping out. This raises the question: Does the learning style of the low SES high achiever differ from the learning style of the low SES low achiever? The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a difference in the learning style of low SES high achievers and low SES low achievers, in math and reading. Method Subjects One hundred nineteen subjects, enrolled in two elementary schools in Texas, were drawn from a pool of 194 third and fourth grade students in eleven classes. Subjects were selected based on their participation in the free lunch program (Federal Regulation 7CFR245, Garner & Cole, 1986). Thus, the entire sample contained 119 students, of which there were 22 African-American males, 24 African-American females, 31 Caucasian males and 42 Caucasian females. …


The venerable city of Strasbourg has long been famed for its stately Cathedral, its University, its baroque palaces, the quaint houses of its medieval quarter known as La Petite France—and for its greatest single gift to European culture: the invention of printing by Johann Gutenberg five centuries ago. During the past year its people have proudly displayed a new edifice symbolizing what many regard as the greatest single step toward European unity. La Maison de l'Europe, built in five months on land given by the municipality, was formally opened on August 7, 1950. It stands in the northeast quarter of the city at Place Lenôtre, facing the pleasant park of l'Orangerie across the tree-lined Allée de la Robertsau. The long white structure, with fifteen flags floating in the breeze before its central portal, is strictly functional, having been planned, with a view toward efficiency and economy, as a temporary headquarters to last ten years.


The National Grid Company has developed two expert systems for telemetry processing. In each case the object is to reduce the flow of information to the engineer. Firstly, the alarm handling and fault analysis expert system (AHFA) is designed as an online tool for an area control centre, where it can diagnose multiple simultaneous faults in real time from switching indications alone. Diagnosis is reported incrementally, as each telemetry message arrives-there is no fixed 'time window' to wait for all messages to arrive, and there is no need for a simulation process, which would otherwise further delay the response. Secondly, the automatic fault record analysis expert system (AFRA) is designed to assist the offline analysis of substation fault records, primarily by filtering out cases where there is a normal fault and the protection has operated correctly. AFRA first analyzes analogue waveforms for evidence and timing of any fault and then classifies it, after which the millisecond-resolution sequence and timing are checked for the event signals, from protection through relays to circuit breaker switchings.


Introduction: Abdominal tuberculosis is common in developing world, and abdominal tuberculosis is most common presentation of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. High index of suspicion is needed in patient from endemic area with chronic abdominal pain and constitutional symptom for diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. In abdominal tuberculosis although intestinal, cecal and lymph node involvement are common, isolated mesenteric tuberculosis is rare presentation and very few cases has been reported. Here we are presenting rare case of a young male with isolated mesenteric tuberculosis who presented with abdominal mass.


To the Editor, The recent online publication of the article entitled "A histopathologic approach to uterine niche: What to expect and to report in hysteroscopy-resected isthmocele specimens" in the "International Journal of Surgical Pathology", has shown some absent or scarce histopathologic features in hysteroscopy-resected isthmocele specimens compared to previously reported cases of isthmoceles in hysterectomy specimens.1–5 We became interested in the histopathologic features in isthmoceles that can be identified in hysterectomy specimens which might have been absent or obscured in hysteroscopy-resected isthmoceles. Our aim this time is to compare and contrast the clinicopathologic features of isthmoceles procured from hysterectomy and isthmoplasty specimens. We retrieved hysterectomy specimens from our pathology archive file that included isthmoceles by performing a retrospective review over a 10-year period. We have collected relevant clinical data for each patient such as age, clinical presentation, number of Caesarean sections, and reason for hysterectomy. We retrieved the hematoxylin and eosin slides of the sampled isthmoceles from each hysterectomy case. We looked for the types of the lining mucosa, luminal contents and the edge wall stroma, as well as the underlying residual myometrial tissue, the scar area, and fibrofatty tissue separating the base of the pouch from the resected uterine margin. We looked for the presence and pattern of hemorrhage, cysts, fibroblastic stroma, metaplasia, epithelial atypia, inflammation and foreign body giant cell reaction. We searched for histopathologic findings which were present in hysterectomy-isthmoceles, but either were not identified or masked in our previous cases of hysteroscopy-isthmoceles. We also recorded accompanying uterine lesions. We found 32 cases of isthmoceles procured from hysterectomy specimens. On average, the patients in our current hysterectomy group were older than our previous hysteroscopy group (Table 1). The patients complained of menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea and postmenopausal bleeding because they had adenomyosis, leiomyomas, endometrial polyps and endometriosis which were more prevalent in the hysterectomy group. In contrast to hysteroscopy group, brownish mucoid vaginal discharge and intermenstrual (postmenstrual) spotting and bleeding were not reported. The patients had on average similar number of previous Caesarean sections, but of a longer duration since the last Caesarean section. These patients had the choice of hysterectomy for symptomatic relief because they have completed their families. Three patients did not have radiologic investigations, nine cases of the isthmoceles were identified during radiologic investigations, and the remaining isthmoceles were identified during gross pathologic examination of the hysterectomy specimens. Histologically, similar to our previous series of isthmoplasty specimens, the hysterectomy-isthmoceles showed endocervical, endometrial and isthmic lining mucosa either isolated or combined. However, endometrial lining and isthmoendometrial lining were more prominent in hysterectomy-isthmoceles (Table 1). In contrast to hysteroscopy-isthmoceles, the hysterectomy-isthmoceles showed luminal hemorrhage with cellular degenerate debris material and subepithelial hemorrhagic mucosal stroma and congested capillaries (Figure 1A to C). The mucosal lining showed foci of spontaneous surface sloughing and discontinuity particularly at the base (Figure 1A and C). Similar to hysteroscopy-isthmoceles, endocervical cysts were present, but endometrial and isthmic cysts were also present, were intact, larger, multiple, clustered and


We have designed and synthesized hierarchically porous and spherical carbons decorated with a nickel manganese oxide (NiMn2O4) and utilized them as a pseudocapacitor electrode. The polyanthracene (PAT)-based carbon materials were firstly synthesized by the self-polymerization of bromomethylated anthracene in the presence of zinc bromide as a catalyst and bromomethyl methyl ether as a crosslinker. The carbon materials with a 3D network were fabricated by direct carbonization and activation of the as-prepared PAT. The micro-, meso-, and macroporous 3D carbon materials are characterized by a large specific surface area, an electrolyte−electrode interface area, and a continuous electron transport path. To produce high-performance pseudocapacitor electrodes, NiMn2O4-decorated carbon hybrid materials (C@NiMn2O4) have also been synthesized by using a hydrothermal method. The C@NiMn2O4 composites exhibit a maximum specific capacitance of 470.7 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, good rate capability of 74.6 %, and excellent capacitance retention of 89.6 % at a current density of 10 A g−1 following 5000 cycles. Based on these results, the electrode shows good potential for future supercapacitor applications.


Objective To assess the major risk factors of Alzheimer′s disease by Meta analysis and to provide evidence for the prevention and diagnosis of Alzheimer′s disease.Methods Data of recently published case-control studies on Alzheimer′s disease were collected by literature search in Chinese database and analyzed by Meta-analysis software RevMan.Results The OR values for hypertension and family history of transmissible dementia were 1.37(95% CI: 0.96-1.95)and 2.35(95% CI: 1.45-3.85)respectively.Meanwhile,the OR values for smoking,high-education and social activity were 0.85(95% CI: 0.52-1.39),0.55(95% CI: 0.45-0.67) and 0.48(95% CI:0.25-0.92)respectively.Conclusions Hypertension and family history of transmissible dementia are the major risk factors for Alzheimer′s disease,while high-education and social activity are the protective ones.


The biomass and its allocation of the primary tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna were studied based on the standard tree regression analysis(for trees and lianas) and clear cut(for shrubs and herbs) The total biomass of the forest was 692 590 t/hm 2, its allocation in the various layers was: the tree layer 98 66%, the shrub layer 0 76%, the liana layer 0 50% and the herb layer 0 09%, the most biomass of the rain forest concentrated on the tree layer The biomass of the tree layer allocation in the organs concentrated on stems and roots: the stems accounted for 69 80%, the roots 21 56%, the branches 7 77% and the leaves 0 77%; the biomass allocation in the DBH classes concentrated on the middle DBH class(60~70 cm) and the largest DBH class (150~160 cm); the biomass allocation in the different tree layer concentrated on the upper layer: the sub-layer Ⅰ(height40 m) accounted for 60 55%, the sub-layer Ⅱ(20~40 m) 36 72%and the sub-layer Ⅲ(3~20 m) 2 73%; the biomass of dominant species Pometia tomentosa accounted for 20 07%; the LAI of the tree layer was 6 91


The evaluation was performed on the preclassified results suggested by the device. The proportional cell count in percent for each cell class was used to estimate total variance and variance components for repeatability (within-run, between-run, between-day and within laboratory) by an ANOVA. All tests except repeatability and within-Confidential results from the DM1200. Accuracy as well Positive (PPA), Negative (NPA) and Overall Agreement (OA) determined.


This paper describes a Planer Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) that can be used as a microwave imaging transducer. The planned antenna has a peak gain of 4.6 dBi at 1.7 GHz and operates between 1.68 and 1.71 GHz. The shape and performance of the proposed antenna are first investigated. This study investigates its applicability for imaging two cylindrical metallic objects followed by a metallic beam veiled by a cotton material.


A series of 3-aminopropyloxy derivatives of chalcone were synthesised and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against liver, gastric and neuroendocrine cancer cell lines. Most of the synthesised compounds exhibited moderate to good activity against all three cancer cell lines, but in particular, a 3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyloxy chalcone containing a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group showed the highest antiproliferative activity with an IC50 value of 2.74 μM against liver cancer cells.


We present a novel method of detecting faint moving objects in the solar system. The method is based on the evaluation of relative likelihood, which is newly introduced in this paper. Features of this method are that no thresholding operation is required and that both spatial and temporal statistical processing is implemented. These features are advantageous for detecting faint objects. In addition, relative likelihood can be used to quantitatively assess the certainty of detected objects. We applied our method to data taken at two different observatories in Japan. Experimental results indicate that this method is capable of detecting faint moving objects with signals comparable to the noise level.


Comment in response to Request for Information (RFI)-Federal Cybersecurity R&D Strategic Plan, posted by the National Science Foundation on 4/27/2015: https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2015/04/27/2015-09697/request-for-information-rfi-federal-cybersecurity-randd-strategic-plan. Background on authors: David Clark (MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory) has led network architecture and security research efforts for almost 30 years, and has recently turned his attention toward non-technical (including policy) obstacles to progress in cybersecurity through a new effort at MIT funded by the Hewlett Foundation. kc claffy (UC San Diego's Center for Applied Internet Data Analysis (CAIDA)) leads Internet research and data analysis efforts aimed at informing network science, architecture, security, and public policy. CAIDA is funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation, Department of Homeland Security, and CAIDA members.