According to WHO, breast cancer is one of the main causes of mortality in women. To overcome this malady, molecular biomedical research is carried out intensively. Anomalies in the lincRNA-RoR/miR-145/ARF6 expression pathway were found to play a very important role in breast cancer, especially in the type of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), which is the most dangerous variant of the deadly disease. Bioinformatics research has found the existence of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in these expression pathways, whose interactions are worth studying with 3-dimensional prediction methods. The 3-D prediction method for biomolecules has been widely developed and has been successfully applied to DNA and protein. However, for the structure of RNA, it has just been developed, due to its low stability and very high dynamics on the biomolecule. Our aim is to apply the latest computational method for predicting the 3-dimensional structure of ncRNA, which can be applied as key information in biomedical application research. Extrapolation of kinetics and thermodynamic indicators of ncRNA ultimately yields the siRNA Linc-ROR 3-Dimensional structure and siRNA mRNA-ARF6, each having 13 and 8 hydrogen bonds. The existence of these hydrogen bonds is very important in maintaining the stability of the compounds and shows its efficacy as drug candidates. It is expected that preliminary information from the predicted 3-dimensional structure of ncRNA is useful for optimization of laboratory experiments in the field of crystallographic biomolecules.


The effects of pH value, time, and temperature on hydrolysis of tilapia protein by endogenous enzymes were studied with response surface methods for the full ultilization of the by-product of tilapia procession. The optimized conditions were determined as follows: pH 7.49, temperature 58.0℃, and time 5.83 h, under which the hydrolysis degree(HD) reached the highest value of 7.4689%.


While previously reserved for use in patients with difficult airways or for trainee education, videolaryngoscopy has come to the forefront of anaesthesia after its use as first line in the intubation of all patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. This article examines its suitability for routine first line use in all intubations.


Agricultural expansion and intensification is occurring in seasonally dry regions of Central America, while droughts are intensifying due to increasing water demand and climatic change. Empirical measurements of water consumption of major crops in this region are scarce but crucial to assess agricultural water use dynamics in the light of increasing regional water conflicts. We empirically quantify total crop water use (CWU) and water footprints (WFs) of rainfed upland rice (wet season) and groundwater‐irrigated melons (dry season) grown sequentially as a double cropping system, one of the major cropping systems in the seasonally dry province of Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica. Data for this study cover 2 years and were measured with a state‐of‐the‐art eddy covariance water and carbon flux station. Upland rice only consumed green water (CWUgreen = 383 L/m2), while melons only consumed blue water (CWUblue = 177 L/m2). Irrigation was found to be 1.5 times larger than the actual melon water consumption, with better irrigation efficiencies than reported for melon farms in Brazil but slightly inferior to farms in Spain. Melon WFblue was 79 m3/t, a much lower value than global and regional estimates reported but similar to values reported for melons produced in Brazil or Spain. Upland rice WFgreen (681 m3/t) was reported for the first time and was proven to be much lower than flood irrigated‐rice WFblue‐green. Our results demonstrated lower overall water demand for upland rice‐melon double crop compared to the two other major monocultures of the region (flood‐irrigated rice and irrigated sugar cane).


I.INTRODUCTION 1

II.MATERIALS AND METHOD 3

A. Generation of transgenic mice 3

B. DNA extraction from mouse tail and genotyping PCR 3

C. Isolation of primary mouse embryo fibroblast and SV40 immortalization 3

D. siRNA Transfection 4

E. Cryosection / Confocal microscope 4

III.RESULTS 5

A. Generation of AcKRS.GFP mouse 5

B. Conformation of transgenic mouse 8

C. No dectectable GFP induced by AcK 9

D. Inhibition of Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay through UPF2 Knock down 12

E. Detection of GFP signal in AcKRS.GFP mouse by cryosection 15

IV.DISCUSSION 17

V. CONCLUSION 18

REFERENCES 19

국문요약 21


To investigate micrometastasis by using epithelial cytokerati marker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with tumor negative mediastinoscopic lymph node biopsies. Micrometastasis were investigated by immunohistochemical staining in 20 patients who were diagnosed as NSCLC with ipsilateral mediastinal lymph nodes (RN2) in CT scan and with negative histopathologic mediastinoscopic lymph node biopsy (pN0). Frozen section was studied with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), a routine histopatological method in lymph nodes taken by mediastinoscopy and in absence of metastasis; resection was applied with thoracotomy in the same session. We studied micrometastasis in lymph nodes, which are taken out by mediastinoscopy and dissected during resection, using both HE and immunohistochemical staining with cytokeratin. All patients were male and median age was 60.9 (51-74) years. In 16 cases epidermoid carcinoma, in 2 cases adenocarcinoma and in 2 cases bronchioloalveoler carcinoma were diagnosed as histopathological types. Cervical mediastinoscopy was performed in 20 patients who were diagnosed as RN2 by thorax CT radiologically, and complete resection was done in pN0 patients. Sixty lymph nodes, 40 of them taken by mediastinoscopy and 20 taken during resection, were stained immunohistochemically in 20 NSCLC patients. Only one lymph node from a single patient was positive after staining. After postoperative staging, 18 patients were at a lower stage, one patient was at the same stage, and one patient with micro metastasis was at an advanced stage. Immunohistochemical staining may be useful in detecting micrometastasis in NSCLC. Standard cervical mediastinoscopy is still gold standard in preoperative staging. Efficiency can be increased by combining mediastinoscopy, a gold standard method in staging, with immunohistochemical methods.


Abstract Statistical information on 8280 individual radio observations of binary stars, predominantly at 8·4 GHz using the Parkes 64 m antenna, is presented. Three main groups are distinguished: (i) RS CVn stars, (ii) classical Algol binaries (EA2s), and (iii) detached pairs of generally early type (ETBs). The RS CVn stars more frequently gave rise to detectable fluxes, while the ETBs, in these data, are a small and rather heterogeneous class. The Algols' emission appears to increase near conjunction phases, though we cannot clearly distinguish any special property of the Algols' phase-dependent behaviour that is not also shared by the RS CVn binaries. Both these categories' data show a bimodal, phase-dependent pattern to the distribution of detections, suggesting that these binary types share similar underlying physical properties, though there could also be other factors at play. The sample sizes of the Algols and particularly the ETB detections are too small for effective, discriminatory statistics, however.


My aim is to explore the experience and perceptions of trainee primary teachers of their teaching identity (Britzman 1991, Calderhead 1997 Bullough & Gitlin 2001) through  the cultivation of professional relationships with teaching assistants (Briggs & Cunningham 2009, Morgan & Ashbaker 2009). Trainee primary teachers are expected to deploy a teaching assistant effectively in order to have a positive effect on children's learning. Literature is clear that such a relationship is necessary (Hayes 2003, Pollard et al 2008). The present curriculum for the training of primary school teachers arguably does not give sufficient attention to the preparation of teachers to manage other adults in their classrooms.


The paper presents some preliminary research results, obtained within the framework of the project Multiparticipant cooperative decision-making: consensus building vs crowdsourcingbased decisions, concerning the introduction to a crowdsourcing effort meant to mobilize students to forward thinking of their studies A study was conducted by Bucharest University of Economic Studies and by Warsaw School of Information Technology under the auspices of the Polish Academy of Sciences and relevant data were collected using a questionnaire delivered to Romanian and Polish students The results were interpreted in order to extract relevant information about expected nature of work after graduating, based on gender, nationality and university Crowdsourcing solutions are presented in order to reveal their advantages applicable in collaborative environments


In software engineering, the main aim is to develop projects that produce the desired results within limited schedule and budget. The most important factor affecting the budget of a project is the effort. Therefore, estimating effort is crucial because hiring people more than needed leads to a loss of income and hiring people less than needed leads to an extension of schedule. The main objective of this research is making an analysis of software effort estimation to overcome problems related to it: budget and schedule extension. To accomplish this, we propose a model that uses machine learning methods. We evaluate these models on public datasets and data gathered from software organizations in Turkey. It is found out in the experiments that the best method for a dataset may change and this proves the point that the usage of one model cannot always produce the best results.


This paper analyzes the practice and application of knowledge management,probes into the importance of knowledge management of the library and information center,and puts forward some methods for acquiring knowledge.


A very remarkable number of new results in the study of resonances and exclusive channels has been presented at this conference giving fundamental information in the understanding of strong interactions at low energies. The first results from the new high luminosity colliders are impressive and a lot of activity in this field is foreseen for the future. The most relevant issues are summarized and discussed in this paper.


This paper investigates the matching of firms on the market for technology. The paper forwards two dimensions along which license formation occurs: technology and product-market. Both sides of the market search for a partner representing potential for high technology synergies to maximize licensing benefits and obviate issues related to technology transfer and knowledge recombination. At the same time, firms wish to select a partner operating in a different product market to minimize competitive downside issues and to access other product markets, skills and resources. We contend interdependence between technology and market forces: if partners are market distant, the likelihood of technology license contractual partnership decreases with partners' technological distance. Using data on the formation of license partnerships in the global biopharmaceutical industry over the period 1994-2004 the paper lends empirical support for the theoretical predictions.


The objective of this work is to understand the self-collimation and bending of light beams through spatially varying Photonic Crystals (PCs) made from Indium Tin Oxide. These PCs can be utilized for optical communications, multiplexing, and beam tuning devices for LIDAR applications.


Driven by earthquakes and intense rainfall, steep tectonically active mountains are hotspots of terrestrial organic carbon mobilization from soils, rocks, and vegetation by landslides into rivers. Subsequent delivery and fluvial mobilization of organic carbon from different sources can impact atmospheric CO2 concentrations across a range of timescales. Extreme landslide triggering events can provide insight on processes and rates of carbon export. Here we used suspended sediment collected from 2005 to 2012 at the upper Min Jiang, a main tributary of the Yangtze River on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, to compare the erosion of terrestrial organic carbon before and after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and a storm-derived debris flow event in 2005. To constrain the source of riverine particulate organic carbon (POC), we quantified lignin phenols and n-alkanoic acids in the suspended sediments, catchment soils and landslide deposits. We found that riverine POC had higher inputs of less-degraded, discrete organic matter at high suspended sediment loads, while the source of POC seemed stochastic at low suspended sediment concentrations. The debris flow in 2005 mobilized a large amount of POC, resulting in an export of lignin within a single day equivalent to a normal year. In comparison, the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake increased the flux of POC and particulate lignin, albeit with limited impact on POC sources in comparison to seasonal variations. Our results highlight the important role of episodic events in the fluvial export of terrestrial carbon.


Summary.  Background and objectives : The key complication of treatment with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) is bleeding. The major determinant of VKA‐induced bleeding is the intensity of anticoagulation. Individual patient characteristics may also influence bleeding risk. In addition, soluble thrombomodulin (s‐TM) levels and mutations in the propeptide of factor (F)IX are important candidate risk factors in this respect.


This paper is concerned with the global well-posedness and inviscid limits of several systems of Boussinesq equations with fractional dissipation. Three main results are proven. The first result assesses the global regularity of two systems of equations close to the critical 2D Boussinesq equations. This is achieved by examining their inviscid limits. The second result relates the global regularity of a general system of d-dimensional Boussinesq equations to that of its formal inviscid limit. The third obtains the global existence, uniqueness and inviscid limit of a system of 2D Boussinesq equations with the Yudovich-type initial data.


Objective To study the relationship of the infection of helicobacter pylor(HP) and the expression of p53 gene in the patients with carcinoma and precarcinoma of stomach, and the mechanism of infection of HP on the carcinoma of stomach. Methods Using immu-nohistochemical S-P and toluidine blue chemic dying methods. Results The positive rate (65%) of HP infection in carcinoma is signifi-catively higher than that (32.5%) in chronic gastritis (P 0.01) , positive rate (73.1%) of p53 expression in the HP positive group is higher significatively than that (50%) in HP negative group ( P 0.05) . The positive rate of p53 ex-preesion in the HP positive group is related to the degrees of differentiation soakage and the transplantation to lymph tissue. Conclusion The infection of HP is related to the carcinoma and precarcinoma of stomach and enhances mutation of p53 gene, which plays an important role in the carcinoma of stomach.


Soon, trade with Europe will no longer be a matter of imports and exports. Is your company ready for a sixfold increase in competition?


This paper presents the research results of asphalt modification with a MWCNT/SBS nanocomposite, the preparation of nanocomposite asphalt mixes, some rheological properties of the modified asphalts, their microstructural characterization, and the dynamic evaluation of the asphalt mixes. The rheological properties of the modified asphalts were comparatively studied to choose the best composition to prepare the asphalt mixes. The microstructure of the SBS polymer nanocomposite and the nanocomposite modified asphalt were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A good dispersion of nanotubes was observed in the nanocomposite modified asphalt, as well as a progressive increase in the diameter of the nanotubes in the nanocomposites. From the experimental results, there is a positive influence of the nanotubes dispersion in the aging resistance of the modified asphalt. Asphalt mixes prepared with this new nanocomposite modified asphalt are not susceptible to moisture damage (tensile strength ratio = 97%). They experienced 68% of the permanent deformation of the mixes prepared with plain SBS modified asphalt. The results further showed that the nanocomposite modified asphalt-binder can be used to prepare high modulus asphalt pavements with Pen 60/70 asphalt-binder.


In order to ensure and increase the safety and reliability of transport systems, these systems are becoming more and more intelligent. They integrate more and more sensors and communication systems. Each of these functionalities can be implemented on a System-on-Chip (SoC). These functionalities are carried out by massive computations. As the number of integrated functionalities increase in the transport systems, the design and implementation complexity also increases at a tremendous rate. Implementation of these functionalities can be carried out either via FPGAs or DSP (digital signal processors) platforms. FPGAs are considered the ideal choice as they accelerate the computations by executing the algorithms in a parallel manner.


1.Da F E, Santana P G, Gomes F A, et al. Dysfunction elimination syndrome: is age at toilet training a determinant?[J]. Journal of Pediatric Urology, 2011, 7(3):332-335.DOI:10.1016/j.jpurol.2011.03.004. 2. Kuizenga-Wessel S, Lorenzo C D, Nicholson L M, et al. Screening for autism identifies behavioral disorders in children functional defecation disorders[J]. European Journal of Pediatrics, 2016, 175(10):1-8.DOI: 10.1007/s00431-016-2775-x. 3.Yousefichaijan P, Sharafkhah M, Rafiei M, et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children with overactive bladder; a case-control study[J]. Journal of Renal Injury Prevention, 2016, 5(4):193-199.DOI:10.15171/jrip.2016.41. 4. Faleiros F T, Machado N C. Assessment of health-related quality of life in children with functional defecation disorders[J]. Jornal De Pediatria, 2006, 82(6):421-425. DOI: 10.2223/JPED.1530 . 5. Chiriac A, Birsan C, Podoleanu C, et al. Pragmatic management of (suspected allergic) diaper dermatitis[J]. Contact Dermatitis, 2017, 76(2):129-130.DOI:10.1111/cod.12663. DD (disposable diapers, DD) refers to disposable diapers and other infant products of the same category. DD was once voted by the US magazine "Time" as one of the 100 greatest inventions of the 20th century. In the past two decades, with the rapid development of China's economy and the implementation of the second birth policy, it has been widely used in baby care. There is currently debate about the duration of DD use in infancy and the start of toilet training. Previous studies have confirmed that DD use is associated with increased prevalence of urinary control disorders such as enuresis in children [1-2] , but its impact on the prevalence of defecation dysfunction in children has not been reported [3-4] . This study retrospectively investigated 6030 children aged 26 years with DD use and defecation control to explore the relationship between DD use and the prevalence of defecation dysfunction in children. LOGO Of INSTITU TE


A new method is described for assessing haustorium formation in Plasmopara viticola on metalaxyl-treated grape leaves. Using this method, three types of sensitivity of P. viticola to metalaxyl could be distinguished and the precise ratio of sensitive, 'reduced sensitive' and resistant zoospores of selected isolates could be determined.


One of the key challenges of climate science today is the understanding and prediction of rainfall and other precipitation events [6]. It holds high values for both scientists and policymakers in terms of obtaining novel scientific insight into the processes of precipitation formation, as well as predictions and associated uncertainties which decide future policy decisions based on them. One of the foremost aspects of this understanding is to model the influence of atmospheric variables on the intensity, duration and frequency of precipitation. In recent times, physics based models of the atmosphere have been used for simulations of the atmosphere for both historical verification and future projections [5]. Although they provide partial understanding of the influence of climate variables on precipitation, they have been found to be insufficient for predictive modeling with sufficient accuracy [6]. The high complexity and nonlinearity of the system calls for novel advancements through statistical methods to complement and support the physical models for accurate predictive modeling. In this work, we propose a non-parametric mixture of regression model for precipitation prediction, which considers temporal measurements of local atmospheric variables and some of their interactions as covariates. Our model is learned individually for different rainfall 'regimes', determined through percentiles or peak over threshold values. Prediction occurs in two stages: prediction of rainfall regime, followed by the prediction of rainfall distribution, which is a non-parametric mixture of a normal and an extreme-value distributions. The mixture model is suitable for simultaneously modeling normal and extreme precipitation values.


Randomized clinical trials remain the most reliable means of identifying the drugs, devices, and treatment strategies that will improve human health. There is increasing interest in the possibility that "personalized" medicine can be evaluated in much smaller trials because the average treatment effect is expected to be larger in highly selected cohorts. Smaller, biomarkerdriven trials can provide major insights into whom to treat and may be sufficient for selected disease states in which considerable treatment effects may be observed. However, a precise biological understanding of most chronic illnesses and biomarkers that might predict response has eluded investigators. Moreover, treatment effect sizes in chronic conditions are expected to be modest in most cases. As a result, determining the long-term balance of risk and benefit, particularly in comparative effectiveness trials, often requires large numbers of clinical events in representative populations. The conduct of large trials by government agencies, industry sponsors, academicians, and advocacy groups is limited by complexity and cost. As a result, many trials are too small to provide reliable estimates of the risk-benefit balance. Without adequate trials, clinicians will have insufficient guidance on how to meaningfully affect individual and population health. Achieving the "triple aim" (improving patient experience of care, improving health of populations, and reducing per


Companies that include employees in the strategy process perform better than companies that don't. However, for large companies it is hard to involve all the appropriate employees in the strategy process. This paper provides an answer to the question; what practices can be used to involve employees in the different phases of the strategy process? The practices that can be used in the analysis phase are: consultative participation, employee involvement teams and social media jam; in the formulation phase: employee involvement, social media jam and employee involvement; and in the implementation phase: employee involvement teams, social media jam and informal participation. Based on these results, this paper will offer clear suggestions for practitioners and contribute to the literature interested in strategy processes in larger organizations.


With the practice of landscape planning for the northern shoreline of Rizhao as an example,this paper elaborated the planning contents,method,implementation approach and the significance of landscape planning controlling strategy in the management of landscape development and construction.It also discussed the contents and feasibility of the framework for landscape controlling strategy.Landscape is always influenced by politics,social and culture development.A good control strategy and effective implementation will promote the landscape development in the right direction.


Study design. Retrospective study of the coronal curvature measurement on ultrasound (US) images with the aid of previous radiographs. Objective. To compare the reliability and accuracy of the coronal curvature measurements from US images on children who have adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with and without the knowledge of previous radiographs. Summary of Background Data. Using US imaging technique to measure coronal curvature on children with AIS has demonstrated high intra- and interrater reliabilities. However, the selection of end-vertebrae and the measurement difference between radiography and the US method were only moderately reliable. Methods. Two raters measured the coronal curvatures from 65 AIS standing US spine images, without (measured one time) and with the aid of previous standing radiographs (measured two times). The intra- and interrater reliability, the correlation and the difference between the radiographic and US measurements, and the error index of the end-vertebrae selection were assessed. Results. Overall, 109 curves were investigated. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of intra- and interrater reliability of the US coronal curvature measurement with the aid of previous radiographs (AOR) were 0.95 and 0.91, respectively. In comparison with the radiographic measurements, the correlation of AOR method (R2) was 0.90 and the MAD was 2.8°; the corresponding results of the US measurement without the AOR (blinded US method) were 0.73° and 4.8°, respectively. The average error index on end-vertebral selection improved 43% with the AOR. Conclusion. The AOR method significantly improved reliability and accuracy of the spinal curvature measurement on US images compared with the blinded US method (P<0.001). It indicates that US standing images with the AOR can be used as a reliable and accurate nonionizing imaging method to monitor children with AIS. Level of Evidence: 3


Noise is a disturbance to the human environment that is escalating at such a high rate that it will become a major threat to the quality of human lives. This study identifies the sources of noise that create noise pollution. Moreover, the study explores the effects of noise on the sample respondents and their reactions. Finally, various measures to control the pollution are contemplated. The empirical evidence gathered through this study can be employed for developing appropriate legal and public action programme. This empirical study is based on a sample survey of the Tuticorin District of Tamilnadu. 400 respondents were interviewed personally. The data relates to the month of August 2010. Percentage analysis, averages, standard deviation, standard error, F test, chi-square tests, Cramer's V and probability analysis were used. The analysis indicates that a very large proportion of respondents in each age group are being affected by noise emanating from the loudspeakers. A very large proportion of respondents feel that noise interferes with inter-personal communication and causes annoyance. However, there is a much higher incidence of deafness effects on old people. Public education appears to be the best methods as suggested by the respondents.


Accurate targeting and low side effects are crucial for tumor theranostics. Herein, an in situ targeted therapy strategy which relies on a photothermally triggered theranostics nanoplatform is proposed. Taking advantage of spherical nucleic acids, black phosphorus nanosheets and zinc porphyrin metal‐organic framework (PPF‐1) nanosheets are programmed by DNA hybridization to result in a "sandwich" like structure. Its phase‐transition temperature is finely tuned by altering the strand length and the proportion of (A + T) and (C + G) of the oligonucleotides. The superstructure can disassemble during photothermal therapy (PTT) process once the temperature reaches the melting point (Tm) of oligonucleotides duplex. Since the relief of fluorescence resonance energy transfer, the photothermally triggered photodynamic therapy can be realized under the irradiation of near‐infrared laser. In turn, the enhanced singlet oxygen generation downregulates the heat shock proteins and thus improves the effect of PTT. Furthermore, the behaviors of superstructures in living cells and animals are elaborated by fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging, and the in vivo therapy efficiency is also evaluated. This superstructure may establish a multiple synergistic platform for advanced cancer theranostics.


This article describes the concept of gamification and the features of its application in the educational process. The advantages and disadvantages of the method, the influence of games on students are highlighted.


A new sinusoid-locked loop is proposed in this paper to obtain a stable zero error and eliminate specialized filtering system design for the synchronization and grid-connected problems of new energy systems. Based on the control thinking of virtual synchronous inverter,the active power-frequency regulation loop,reference frequency adjustment loop,and reactive power-excitation adjustment loop are constructed to realize the precise synchronization of the input signal amplitude,frequency and phase. By Matlab/Simulink simulation analysis,the sinusoid-locked loop can achieve a stable zero error output and has fast dynamic response performance,and can effectively track the large-scale change of system frequency,thus verifies the feasibility of the theoretical analysis.


Agricultural and livestock biomass waste is a potential source of basic materials in producing biogas because the organic content it has is quite high so it needs to be used in generators as engine fuel mixtures. The purpose of the research is to get the best treatment by looking at the time the generator operates and the highest electrical power produced. This research was conducted using an experimental method with 3 treatments with 3 replications, namely using a mixture of cow dung with rice straw (P1), cow dung with corn cobs (P2), and cow dung with water hyacinth (P3), and the use of biogas and LPG as generator fuel with biogas levels of 5, 10, and 15% and LPG 95, 90, and 85%. The results showed that the best biogas yield was obtained from a mixture of cow dung and rice straw (P1) with a level of 5%. Biogas with a level of 5% can turn on the generator for longer. The generator can operate for 10.10 minutes by producing 946 watts of electrical power.


Saturn's frigid moon Titan was long suspected to have seas of liquid methane and ethane: the existence and extent of these seas has been determined by the Cassini spacecraft, and sea state, depth and the physical properties of the liquid are being learned. Titan's meteorology leads to concentration of liquid in the polar regions: two major northern seas, Kraken and Ligeia, and one shallow lake in the south, Ontario Lacus, are particularly well-studied to date. Titan serves as a new laboratory for physical oceanography, with familiar processes occurring under very alien conditions.


Now a days sheet metal working processes are widely used in almost all industries like automotive, defense, mechanical industries. Also, sheet metal working processes are predominantly used as various reasons not only for industrial purpose but also utilized for commercial purpose as well. For that many people are working in developing the new trends using their innovative ideas. Especially in die design, many die sets are made for different functions such as progressive die, compound die etc. This project is also based on new design of die punch. The main aim of this project is to design a new die with interchangeable punches also reduce the weight of material by means of changing the material of die set. The project mainly focuses on different operations done on single die set in a single stroke of press, presently these operations are done separately in five steps which includes four drills and one plasma cutting. These operations are leading to reduce the production rate and increasing the cycle time with cost as well. As per our new die set, this should constantly eliminate the loss in the production time and reduce the man power for loading and unloading of workpiece. The parts of die sets, punch and die are designed and assembled in the Creo Parametric 1.0


p53 messenger RNA expression was examined using a cDNA probe in 76 fresh primary breast tumour specimens, 15 of which came from patients treated with taxoxifen prior to surgery. A 2.8 kb mRNA for p53 was expressed in 43 of the 76 specimens. In 19 tumours the levels were similar to those seen in non-malignant (reduction mammoplasty) breast tissue, but in 24 tumours over-expression of mRNA for p53, approaching that seen in three breast cancer cell lines, was found. The cell lines MCF-7, T47D and MDA-MB-231 expressed three p53 mRNA species of about 2.8 kb and a fourth of 1.6 kb. Increased mRNA expression for p53 correlated (P <0.05) with loss of genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 17 as demonstrated by allele loss with the VNTR probe YNZ 22.1. There was also statistically significant correlation between increased p53 mRNA expression and low oestrogen receptor protein content in the tumours (P <0.05), but not with other clinical parameters. The findings support the view that p53 is involved in breast tumour biology, and suggest that its role may be complex. p53 is a 53 kDa phosphoprotein with a short half-life role of p53 protein remains obscure although the p53 gene has the structural features of a 'housekeeping' gene, including absence of a TATA box (Reynolds et al., 1984; Bienz-Tadmor et al., 1985). p53 may modulate transcriptional activation by binding to DNA in a similar way to the myc protein (Donner et al., 1982), allowing cells to progress from a growth arrested state to an actively dividing state or to bypass the need for platelet derived growth factor in the induction of competence (Oren, 1986). Despite persuasive evidence for its role as an oncogene there is also reason to believe that p53 can act as a tumour suppressor gene (Green, 1989; Wang et al., 1989). This paradox may be resolved if rearrangements of the p53 DNA alter the structure, expression (Masuda et al., 1987) or stability (Jenkins et al., 1985) of the 53 kDa protein product and if the function of a mutated p53 product differs from that of the normal gene (Green, 1989). The p53 gene maps to the 13.1 region of the short arm of chromosome 17 (Miller et al., 1986). One previous study (Masuda et al., 1987) did not find detectable changes in the p53 gene in breast cancer. However, using the YNZ 22.1 probe (Nakamura et …


The development of Japan's capital markets, and the corresponding concerns regarding the current state of regulation of Japanese investment banking and securities trading practices, has attracted a good deal of attention over the last few years, particularly since the size of Japan's domestic capital markets has eclipsed the size of many of its counterparts around the world. One phenomenon that appears to have gone largely unnoticed is the unique contribution made by the monumental privatization efforts undertaken by the Japanese government during the last decade, resulting in the listing of shares of one of the world's largest corporations, as well as the expansion of participation in the securities markets to large numbers of new individual investors and the creation of troublesome conflicts of interest among the nation's legislators, investment bankers and regulators. This article examines the impact of the privatization and deregulation of certain Japanese public enterprises on the Japanese securities markets. Part 2 provides a brief summary of the rationale for the public enterprise in Japan and the pressure which led to the privatization policies adopted by the government in the early 1980's. Part 3 examines the process of privatization and deregulation in Japan's telecommunications sector in order to discover the groups that have strong vested interests in national telecommunications policies and the effect these interests might have upon trading activity in the securities of Japan's largest telecommunication enterprise. Part 4 describes parallel privatization activities in the airway, railway and tobacco areas. Finally, Parts 5 and 6 provide an analysis of the effects that privatization has had on the development of the Japanese securities markets and investment banking industry.


Fujitsu Applications, Ltd. (FAP) was established in April 2004 as part of the Fujitsu Group to focus on developing business application software in Japan. To develop business application software (the basic task of FAP based on SDAS development standards), reducing the development period and achieving high quality are essential. In December 2004, we began introducing the Toyota Production System (TPS) for developing a full-scale application software production phase, while studying and attempting to apply TPS for developing business application software. This paper describes how TPS was concretely introduced (for relatively short-term, large-scale projects involving business application software based on SDAS), and how daily Kaizen activities are linked to achieve expected results. Also described are the issues to address for achieving high productivity and high quality, as clarified through case examples.


The properties of destruction zones as well as their occurrence in the time cross-sections are reviewed on the example of some areas. A model is suggested for formation of geological section productive intervals accounting for the influence of the active geodynamic action, its effect on the distribution of oil and gas deposits.


This research has focused on removing arsenic from groundwater by coupling iron-tailored activated carbon with iron solubilization. This was achieved by solubilizing iron grains that were interspersed within the tailored activated carbon. When the activated carbon was iron loaded by an evaporation method, this media processed 25,000 bed volumes (BV) of water before 10 ppb arsenic breakthrough when processing natural groundwater that contained 40-60 ppb As. In contrast, when iron-loaded GAC was interspersed with up to 30% zero-valent iron grains, arsenic breakthrough above 10 ppb occurred at 45,000 bed volumes. This event corresponded to when most of the zero-valent iron source had visibly become corroded and converted to an iron hydroxide floc. Although some solubilized iron escaped through the GAC media, this iron could be captured in a subsequent sand or activated carbon filter, so as to yield water that would meet both primary and secondary drinking water standards.


Given the current state of knowledge of the reaction pathways catalyzed by D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and the elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of several different forms of the enzyme, sit-directed mutagenesis offers the potential to decipher catalytic roles of active-site residues and to unravel the functional significance of various structural elements. Especially intriguing are intersubunit, electrostatic interactions at the active site between Glu48 and Lys168 of the nonactivated (noncarbamylated) enzyme and between Glu48 and Lys329 of the activated (carbamylated) enzyme. In this paper, we describe two approaches to address the roles of electrostatic interactions at the active site and the roles of the participant residues: (1) characterization of pertinent site-directed mutants, including their abilities to catalyze partial reactions and (2) subtle alteration of the active-site microenvironment by manipulation of these proteins with exogenous reagents.


The medical record is noted by a narrative natural language form for a long time,and a large amount of biomedical knowledge in medical literature also exists in this form.The natural language processing technology is needed to automatically use this narrative text information;thus,the medical language processing becomes a nuclear information technology challenge for medical clinical practice and translational medicine,which has important meaning for Chinese medical information.


Physicochemical Properties of Co-Precipitate of Plantain Peel Cellulose and Gelatin
Abstract
Cellulose was obtained from plantain peel by the soda pulping and the yield was 8%. The gelatin and cellulose were mixed in proportion of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4. Avicel PH 101 was the standard. In this study, the compressibility%, hausner quotient and angle of repose for 1:1 was 13.5%, 1.16, 32° respectively while for 1:2 it was 17.6%, 1.21 and 38° respectively and 1:4 was 24.4%, 1.32 and 42° respectively. Avicel PH 101 had compressibility 37.1%, Hausner quotient 1.59 and angle of repose 60°. This means that 1:1 had a good flow, 1:2 had a fair flow and 1:4 had a passable flow and Avicel PH 101 had a very poor flow. The % solubility for 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and Avicel PH 101 were 55.17%, 49.31%, 25.8% and10.98% respectively. The viscosity value for 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and Avicel PH 101 is 8.257mpas, 6.738mpas, 5.146mpas and 4.622mpas respectively. From the values above, Avicel had the lowest % solubility, viscosity and poor flow while 1:1 had the highest % solubility, viscosity and good flow properties than others which mean that gelatin improved those properties.


This study examines the learning styles' tendency between visual and auditory toward English speaking ability. The respondents came from the 5th-semester students from Universitas Tidar who participated in this research. The method used is a non-experimental quantitative method regarding the scientific method. This research will be analyzed using a Likert scale which shows that there are different influences on the ability to speak English visually and auditory. The visual learning style produces the most significant percentage gain of 56.65%. The auditory learning style gets the smallest percentage of 45%. Implications from the result of this study, in speaking ability, a person can give a tendency for visual learning styles followed by auditory ones, which influence English Education Students of Universitas Tidar.


To our knowledge, there is no paper in the open literature dealing with the topic in the title. This paper provides an Information Coding Ontology Model (ICOM) to shield semantic heterogeneous of information resources, and to achieve information integration. Sections 1 and 2 of the full paper present the information coding ontology model and its formal definition, then design the mapping framework of the information coding ontology model. Section 3 discusses the mapping algorithm of the information coding ontology model from three aspects: semantic similarity analysis, obtaining semantic similarity algorithm, and semantic mapping and its implementation. Section 4 gives Fig. 7 as the mapping flow chart of the information coding ontology model and uses a numerical example to illustrate the four-step procedure of the mapping implementation process.


Based on certain limiting assumptions a general solution in matrix form is given for the self-equilibrated loads caused by discontinuity at the junction of axi-symmetric shells.Formulae and computation forms are given for the practical derivation of quantities defining local bending of cylindrical, spherical and conical shells and the components of their membrane displacements under several standard types of loading.Derivation of some formulae is indicated and a numerical example illustrating the use of the method is included.In the discussion this particular 'computation procedure' approach to calculation of shells is compared with 'explicit formula' approach and the influence of normally neglected membrane rotations is assessed.


the main purpose of this article is to present an analysis of the current crisis in the financing of the inter-american human rights system and the implications this may have for the protection of human rights of the countries that have accepted its competence. for this purpose, the current forms of financing will be addressed, and the reader will be shown what is the current situation of this financing, as well as the factors that have contributed to the underfunding of this system, such as the alterations in the commitments acquired by states that voluntarily provide resources for the operation of this system.
likewise, some proposals are outlined that could in some way contribute to strengthening the commitment of the states in their duty to provide the necessary resources to an instance that means a further guarantee for the human rights of its citizens.


On 19 March 1991, the MUSES-A (HITEN) spacecraft,
launched by the Japanese Institute of Space and
Astronautical Science (ISAS), successfully completed
the first aerobraking technology demonstration for an
object in cis-lunar orbit. A second demonstration
was performed on 30 March 1991. Perigee altitudes
during the two passes were 125 km and 120 km
respectively. Spacecraft orbit velocity at closest
approach was 11.0 km/set, within 0.1 km/set of escape
velocity.
Analysis at ISAS indicated a 5 km perigee altitude
error might result in fatal spacecraft damage. This
led to a requirement for periqee altitude prediction better than 1 km in time to assess the need for
possible final trim maneuvers. Covariance analysis
performed at JPL indicated an ability to support
final trim maneuver design with perigee altitude
predictions better than 200 meters through use of
radio metric tracking data generated by the worldwide
NASA/JPL Deep Space Network (DSN).
Final targeting maneuvers were executed near apogee
prior to each aerobrake pass. In both cases,
subsequent orbit determination indicated that no
final trim maneuver was required. Preliminary post
fliqht perigee reconstructions indicate the achieved
minimum altitude on each pass was within 50 meters of
the predicted value.
This paper presents the JPL aerobraking phase
covariance study results and preliminary joint
JPL/ISAS orbit determination results. Possible
explanations for the differences in the JPL and ISAS
perigee altitude results are discussed.


ABSTRACT We report the in vitro activities of broad-spectrum β-lactam antimicrobials tested against 1,128 gram-positive pathogens recently isolated from cancer patients. Cefepime and imipenem were more active than ceftazidime and ceftriaxone against these organisms. Only vancomycin demonstrated reliable activity against oxacillin-resistant staphylococci, Enterococcus spp., andCorynebacterium spp. The spectrum of gram-positive organisms against which cefepime and imipenem have activity provides an advantage over ceftazidime as empiric therapy for cancer patients, potentially reducing the need for the empiric addition of glycopeptides.


This paper describes experiment teaching problems in universities,on the basis of domestic experiment teaching experience,put forward the teaching mode of setting up a separate experiment course and the reflection teaching mode of experiment course,which is based on the actual engineering problems and students' gradual progression of learning,accompanied by teacher reflection and student reflection cyclical process. Experiment shows that the reflection experiment teaching mode cultivates the students' practical ability and learning autonomy,effectively improves the effect of experiment teaching,so can be used in the field of university experiment teaching.


This paper proposes a robust Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture (R-PMBM) filter immune to the unknown detection probability. In a majority of multi-object scenarios, the prior knowledge of detection probability is usually uncertain, which is often estimated offline from the training data. In such cases, online filtering is always unfeasible or unrealistic, otherwise, significant parameter mismatches will result in biased estimates (e.g., state and cardinality of objects). As a consequence, the ability of adaptively estimating the detection probability for a sensor is essential in practice. Based on the analysis, we detail how the detection probability can be estimated accompanied with the state estimates. Besides, the closed-form solutions to the proposed method are derived by means of approximating the intensity of Poisson random finite set (RFS) to a Beta-Gaussian mixture (BGM) form and density of Bernoulli RFS to a single Beta-Gaussian form, named BGM-PMBM filter. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.


The invention discloses a six-degree-of-freedom surgical instrument by adoption of cable driving used for a minimally-invasive surgery. A surgical instrument itself has six degrees of freedom and is combined with a linear telescopic mechanism for loading the surgical instrument in order to achieve seven degrees of freedom, thereby finishing surgical operation required by a process of the minimally-invasive surgery. The surgical instrument comprises four parts including a power joint part of the surgical instrument, a connecting rod part of a main body of the surgical instrument, an end effector part of the surgical instrument and a quick-change part of the surgical instrument.The connecting rod part of the main body comprises shoulder joint deflection degree of freedom, an elbow joint pitching degree of freedom, a wrist joint pitching degree of freedom and a wrist rotation degree of freedom. The end effector part comprises finger folding degree of freedom and finger pitching degree of freedom. The connecting rod part is connected with a power unit and an end effector.The six-degree-of-freedom surgical instrument by adoption of cable driving used for the minimally invasive surgery has following advantages remote transmission is achieved by adoption of cables in order to eliminate return difference and to ensure reliable transmission; steel cables are present in the form of closed loop circuits; and the six-degree-of-freedom surgical instrument is advantaged by being multiple in degrees of freedom, little in occupied space and complete in function.


In this paper, we propose a scheme to measure the Elasticity Modulus of textile using image processing techniques, here the elasticity modulus is measured indirectly by measuring stiffness of the material. The material whose stiffness is to be measured is subjected to a known force, and the deformation caused in the material due to applied load is measured using image processing. The deformation caused depends on stiffness of the textile used, by making use of relation between stiffness and deformation we can calculate the stiffness. Using this stiffness, elasticity modulus is derived. Web camera is used for the purpose of capturing the image, which is then acquired on the LabVIEW platform for processing. The data is processed by image processing techniques to compute stiffness and elasticity. The system was subjected to test and results showed it had achieved desired objectives.


A deformation of the authors' instanton homology for webs is constructed by introducing a local system of coefficients. In the case that the web is planar, the rank of the deformed instanton homology is equal to the number of Tait colorings of the web.


Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of selected Goniothalamus and Richella species (Annonaceae) are presented, based on sequences of three chloroplast markers (matK, psbA-trnH intergenic spacer, and trnL-trnF mtergenic spacer). The two genera are shown to be congeneric, and the nomen clatural consequences of this are discussed. Morphological synapomorphies for individual clades are evaluated, although a detailed interpretation of morphological evolution will require more extensive species sampling.


The 2006 'Consensus statement on management of intersex disorders' recommended moving to a new classification of intersex variations, framed in terms of 'disorders of sex development' or DSD. Part of the rationale for this change was to move away from associations with gender, and to increase clarity by grounding the classification system in genetics. While the medical community has largely accepted the move, some individuals from intersex activist communities have condemned it. In addition, people both inside and outside the medical community have disagreed about what should be covered by the classification system, in particular whether sex chromosome variations and the related diagnoses of Turner and Klinefelter's syndromes should be included. This article explores initial descriptions of Turner and Klinefelter's syndromes and their subsequent inclusion in intersex classifications, which were increasingly grounded in scientific understandings of sex chromosomes that emerged in the 1950s. The article questions the current drive to stabilize and 'sort out' intersex classifications through a grounding in genetics. Alternative social and historical definitions of intersex – such as those proposed by the intersex activists – have the potential to do more justice to the lived experience of those affected by such classifications and their consequences.


Judgments of the distance of an underwater target at various locations were obtained as a function of water-clarity. When the target was close to S, its distance was underestimated. Judgments changed to overestimation as the actual physical distance was increased. Estimates were invariably greater in turbid water than in clear water. These data resolve the apparent conflict between expectations from optical considerations and actual distance estimates made in natural waters.


Introduction: The most prevalent mental disorders which affect up to 33.7% of the population include generalized anxiety disorder, anxiety mixed with depression, panic attack, panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, and agoraphobia, all of which fall under the umbrella of anxiety disorder. Its prevalence has increased due to social, environmental, and political changes, and such patients are mostly treated as outpatients. Its incidence rate from 1990 to 2019 slightly increased among the people aged 20–39 and over 75 years, but its prevalence rate over the past 60 years has gradually decreased.
Methods: This single-center cross-sectional study initially enrolled 2288 patients with anxiety disorders from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020, at Hera General Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Data was extracted from the hospital's health information system.
Results: Anxiety disorders developed at an average age of 41.6 years, peak age of 39.5 years, and most frequent age of 38 years, with significant changes in the median age of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Conclusion: Anxiety disorders are the second most dysfunctional mental disorder in Saudi Arabia, with incident rate of approximately 135 cases per year with an average onset at around 41 years old at our institution.


Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is an important and constructive part in various chemical and process industries and therefore it is necessary to control the process in optimal temperature and concentration conditions. Because of the nonlinear nature and limits of the control input, solving this problem is very difficult. To achieve a sub-optimal control policy for chemical processes, we focused on a new construction model.  Then, a two-phase algorithm, denoted as modified sequential general variable neighborhood search (MSGVNS) algorithm based on three local searches that use efficient neighborhood interchange has been employed to solve CSTR problems numerically. The results of the proposed method show that its convergence to the exact solution is achieved by the accuracy comparable to other numerical algorithms in few times.


Methanol extracts of aquatic plants were analyzed for allelopathic activities against Escherichia coli JM109 and Microcystis aeruginosa UTEX2385 which were compared to its 2,2-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities. The radical scavenging activities were detected from the extracts of Persicaria thunbergii, Persicaria amphibia, Trapa japonica, Myriophyllum spicatum, and Brasenia schreberi. Also, the inhibitory activities against cyanobacteria were analyzed according to the order of B. schreberi, T. japonica, P. amphibia, and M. spicatum. Most of the extracts from aquatic plants did not show any inhibition against E. coli except B. schreberi. We found a positive correlation between the antioxidental activities of methanol extract of aquatic plants and the growth inhibitory activities for cyanobacteria in terms of the DPPH radical scavenging activities (R2=0.381, P/0.0001). The inhibitory activities of methanol extract against E. coli growth was not correlated with the other activities of aquatic plants (P¤0.04). We suggest from this study that the allelopathic effects of aquatic plants against cyanobacteria could be screened by using the bioassay based on DPPH.


Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthening systems are widely accepted in engineering practice as means to enhance the flexural strength of RC members, but resulting in decreased ductility. To improve the flexural capacity of RC beams strengthened with CFRP plate, but also to ensure the enough ductility, a study was carried out. Putting forward the design method of CFRP embedded reinforcement beams based on ductility ability. The result of the study revealed that the method was reliable by the analysis of an example, and the method can be used in the design of reinforcement project. INTRODUCTION In the last 30 years, the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthening technique has been widely used in civil engineering. Near-surface mounted CFRP is a new reinforced method and is widely used to enhance the mechanical properties of RC structure. Near-surface mounted CFRP is a reinforced method to advance on the surface of the components that need to reinforce the slot, and then put the CFRP strips into slots to improve the mechanical performance of the component. Compared with the surface stick method, near-surface mounted CFRP has the advantages of low dosage of materials, corrosion, resistance, applicable to the ___________________________ Langni Deng, Jinchao Ma, Jun Ma, Risheng Luo, Xiaoxia Huang. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545006, China


Abstract We investigate how regional segregation patterns are affected by industrial agglomeration and ethnic clustering, by adding the externality of ethnicity to the model of agglomeration and trade proposed by Ottaviano et al. (2002. Agglomeration and trade revisited, International Economic Review, 43, 409–436). We show that ethnic segregation patterns are persistent, while ethnic mixing distribution appears only when trade costs are intermediate and ethnicity clustering preferences are less intense. Further, discrepancies of the social optimum and equilibrium are caused because the social optimum is less sensitive to a change in trade costs, when the population of farmers (immobile factors affecting ethnicity utilities) is sufficiently large.


Levels of deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) activity in vivo have been shown to be altered by physiological and/or pathological processes. However, no information is available on the regulation of DNase I gene (DNASE1) expression in vivo or in vitro. We first mapped the transcription start sites of DNASE1 in human pancreas and in the DNase I‐producing human pancreatic cancer cell line QGP‐1, and revealed a novel site ∼ 12 kb upstream of exon 1, which was previously believed to be the single transcription‐starting exon. This initiation site marks an alternative starting exon, designated 1a. Exons 1 and 1a were used simultaneously as transcription‐starting exons in pancreas and QGP‐1 cells. Promoter assay, EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis with QGP‐1 cells showed the promoter region of exon 1a in which the Sp1 transcription factor is specifically involved in promoter activity. This is the first to be identified as a transcription factor responsible for gene expression of vertebrate DNase I genes. Furthermore, RT‐PCR analysis indicated alternative splicing of human DNASE1 pre‐mRNA in pancreas and QGP‐1 cells. Only two transcripts among eight alternative splicing products identified can be translated to produce intact DNase I protein. These results suggest that human DNASE1 expression is regulated through the use of alternative promoter and alternative splicing.


In decades many gait recognition methods have been proposed using different techniques. However, due to a real-world scenario of clothing variations, a reduction of the recognition rate occurs for most of these methods. Thus in this paper, a part-based spatio-temporal feature learning method is proposed to tackle the problem of clothing variations for gait recognition. First, based on the anatomical properties, human bodies are segmented into two regions, which are affected and unaffected by clothing variations. A learning network is particularly proposed in this paper to grasp principal spatio-temporal features from those unaffected regions. Different from most part-based methods with spatial or temporal features solely being utilized, in our method these two features are associated in a more collaborative manner. Snapshots are created for each gait sequence from the $H-W$ and $T-W$ views. Stable spatial information is embedded in the $H-W$ view and adequate temporal information is embedded in the $T-W$ view. An inherent relationship exists between these two views. Thus, a collaborative spatio-temporal feature will be hybridized by concatenating these correlative spatial and temporal information. The robustness and efficiency of our proposed method are validated by experiments on CASIA Gait Dataset B and OU-ISIR Treadmill Gait Dataset B. Our proposed method can both achieve the state-of-the-art results on these two databases.


We generalize the universal effective quantum number introduced earlier for centrally symmetric problems. The proposed number determines the semiclassical quantization condition for axially symmetric potentials.


Through the analysis of current reading situation to college students,measures of strengthening the teaching function in library are presented,such as accumulation of excellent books,compiling and recommendation of excellent book contents and supply of personal guiding service.Meanwhile,the education function could be enhanced through the improvement of quality of library workers and the strengthening of perfect service.


Research on retirement decisions has invited studies to examine how personal, work-related, and environmental factors interplay to affect older workers' retirement decisions. Drawing upon the perso...


Livestock agriculture in Europe has developed into an efficient industry over the latter half of the twentieth century. However, the prospects for the future are marred by an increasing number of environmental problems (e.g. water, air and soil pollution) that stem from the large quantities of manures produced within several intensively farmed regions. Existing guidelines do encourage better handling of manures treating them as resource management rather than a disposal problem. However, this approach does not always offer a complete solution, especially where the amounts of manure exceeds the local requirement. Even when there is no overall excess, optimal land spreading may not be practical and there may be still problems from odour nuisance or disease risks. Farms tend to be highly individual; consequently, the best systems to handle the various manures produced will tend to be specific to each farm, reflecting the local situation. Likewise, no single treatment process can be put forward as a universal solution. Treatment technology has a clear role in the management of livestock manure in enabling a more flexible approach to land spreading and in dealing with some specific problems. It includes many processes often including a biological and physical step and sometimes the use of chemical additives as well. Some of these systems are already in current use on the larger farms (e.g. separation and composting systems, anaerobic treatments and the use of aeration to reduce nitrogen surplus and offensive odours). Other systems are very much at the research stage (e.g. thermal processes and the production of organo-fertilizers) but may ultimately be part of the solution. The environmental benefits of better manure management, will only be fully realized if there is a broad uptake of such techniques in the key areas.


The generation of long-lived charge transfer (CT) states in electron donor/acceptor dyads upon photoexcitation is crucial for artificial photosynthesis, photocatalysis and photovoltaics. Electron spin control is a novel strategy to prolong the CT state lifetime via generation of the 3CT triplet state, instead of the traditional short-lived 1CT state. This method involves a local triplet excited state (3LE) as the precursor of charge separation (CS), and the electron forbidden feature of the charge recombination (CR) of 3CT → S0 vs. the electron spin allowed 1CT → S0 prolongs the CT state lifetime. In this article, we summarized the recent developments and challenges in this emerging fascinating area.


The price gap between cheap and expensive energy supplies has led to debates over who will benefit from the difference between average cost and replacement cost. The Natural Gas Supply Association (NGSA) goal is to get consumption higher through selectively lower burner-tip prices, but regulators have protected pipeline profits despite falling pipeline sales. NGSA claims the pipelines are not entitled to the profit margin, but must earn it by defending the market share of gas and keeping their pipeline flow high. Wellhead prices have dropped, but there has been no similar response in pipeline profit margins to the surplus in the capacity to transport gas. The author calculates how this situation could change and lead to higher prices or shortages unless a more moderate solution than NGSA proposes is found. He recommends directing the cheaper gas to industrial plants to ease unemployment.


Existing generator parameterization methods, typically developed for large turbine generator units, are difficult to apply to small kW-level diesel generators in microgrid applications. This article presents a model parameterization method that estimates a complete set of kW-level diesel generator parameters simultaneously using only load-step-change tests with limited measurement points. This method provides a more cost-efficient and robust approach to achieve high-fidelity modeling of diesel generators for microgrid dynamic simulation. A two-stage hybrid box-constrained Levenberg-Marquardt (H-BCLM) algorithm is developed to search the optimal parameter set given the parameter bounds. A heuristic algorithm, namely Generalized Opposition-based Learning Genetic Algorithm (GOL-GA), is applied to identify proper initial estimates at the first stage, followed by a modified Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm designed to fine tune the solution based on the first-stage result. The proposed method is validated against dynamic simulation of a diesel generator model and field measurements from a 16kW diesel generator unit.


We present hydrogenation/de-hydrogenation properties of ultrathin Mg nanoblades coated with Pd as a catalyst. The hydrided Pd/Mg/Pd and Pd/Mg nanoblades were highly curved as observed by ex situ scanning electron microscopy. An in situ thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) study showed that the hydrided Pd/Mg/Pd nanostructure has a low hydrogen desorption temperature, at ∼365 K. Through a combinational microstructure and TDS analysis of hydrided Pd/Mg/Pd nanoblades as well as hydrided Pd/Mg/Pd nanoblades covered with an additional ultrathin Mg layer, we found that the effect of Pd catalyst on reducing the hydrogen desorption temperature is significantly stronger than the conventionally proposed mechanisms due to grain size and strain.


In this paper, we investigate the global character of all positive solutions of a population model of systems. Some interesting convergence properties of the solution are given, and lastly, we obtain that the solution is permanent under some conditions.


The validation of an evaporative spray simulation with LES has been conducted using Rayleigh scattering method. Rayleigh scattering method is able to measure the instantaneous equivalence ratio on the spray cross section, assuming adiabatic mixture between ambient gas and fuel to estimate the mixture temperature. It is used to validate an evaporative spray simulation with LES. The results showed that the LES simulation was possible to reproduce the evaporative spray development in the quasi-steady condition, using the finer computational grid. In order to improve the computational accuracy, the radial development of the gas velocity from the spray upstream should be reproduced by the improvement of the computational scheme and the spray modeling.


number of poor abused women chose to risk continued violence rather than starve. This is just one example of how Baggett's study offers important lessons for the modern-day movement against intimate partner violence by encouraging more critical analysis of the issue's complexity. Vitally, Intimate Partner Violence in New Orleans is an urgent reminder that cultural understandings of gender are not mere abstractions; they matter because they have a real impact on who is considered worthy of the basic right to freedom from violence.


This guide is intended to help parents and other family members of SU students get to know what the Libraries have to offer their students. Contact information, social media, newsletters


This research is intended to investigate the effect of Peer Feedback Technique on Students' Writing Narrative Text Ability at XI Grade MAN Tapanuli Selatan. This research used experimental quantitative method with pre-test and post-test design. The populations were all of the students at XI Grade MAN Tapanuli Selatan. The sample were XI MIA 1 as experimental class that consisted of 20 students and XI MIA 2 as control class that consisted of 20 students. The data were collected through pre-test and post-test in essay test form and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) with T-test. After doing T-test, the finding showed that the t-test value was sig (2- tailed) 0.05 (0.017 0.05. Therefore, alternative hypothesis (Ha) of this research was accepted null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. It can be concluded that there was significant effect of using peer feedback technique on students' writing narrative text ability at XI grade MAN Tapanuli Selatan


To say that security and economics are now inter-linked is practically a tautology. Beyond the obvious direct linkages relating to armed forces affordability and security of energy supplies, lies the essential provision of human security against hunger, want, poverty and disease that states must provide for their populations. If they fail so to do, people will justifiably look to challenge, perhaps violently, the status quo in the belief that they have nothing further to lose. The Cold War brought security and stability of a sort to most of Europe, but in the eastern half of the continent this was the stability of the graveyard. Lacking diversity, initiative and dynamism, societies atrophied and states eventually failed to provide appropriate levels of human security for their citizens, not perhaps in absolute terms but certainly relative to the more dynamic and prosperous societies of the West.


Exhibition review of The Infinite Mix: Contemporary Sound and Image
Hayward Gallery Offsite, in collaboration with The Vinyl Factory
The Store, 180 The Strand
London WC2R 1EA
September 9 – December 11, 2016


In the roe deer skull symmetrically arranged ossa interparietals were found to develop from paired centers of ossification. Obliteration of the sutura interinterparietalis mostly started already late in prenatal life, whereas closure of the interparietal and the interparietoparietal sutures as a rule commenced around the second week post partum. A certain degree of variability with respect to the timing of sutural closure was observed. No synostosis occurred between the os parietale resp. os interparietale and the os supraoccipitale, so that even in old animals the sutura parieto‐ resp. interparietooccipitalis was always present.


Sunspots were observed in the Far East for over 2000 years, but examined more intensely in Europe after the invention of telescopes in the 17th century. In 1647 Johannes Hevelius (1611-87) in Danzig made drawings of the movements of sunspots eastwards and gradually towards the solar equator. In 1801 William Herschel (17381822) attempted to correlate the annual number of sunspots to the price of grain in London. The 11-year cycle of the number of sunspots was first demonstrated by Heinrich Schwabe (1789-1875) in 1843.


The present invention relates to an organic fiber having a diameter o of the ultra-high-performance melting point of less than 300 ℃ in the concrete, 200 ㎛ 1mm more than the average length l and up to increase the fire resistance of the ultra-high-performance concrete, the amount of the organic fiber and the volume thereof is in the range of approximately 0.1 to 3% of the concrete volume after condensation, characteristic of the concrete is at least 120 MPa 28- day compressive strength, flexural strength of 20 MPa, and at least a conductive value of the non-cured state of 150 mm a has the values are given relative to the storage at 20 ℃ maintained concrete, the concrete is made of a hardened cement matrix is particularly metal fibers are distributed. Metal fibers, organic fibers, hardening cement base


Generating data is only one part of the story. Data needs to be stored and analysed. The costs of storage in the cloud can be substantial and the computational requirements for data analytics are very different to those needed to generate data in the first place, particularly if the data is to be open to a large number of scientists/data analysts We totally agree with your comments but we would like to note that the impact of data transfer and storage (for us mainly S3) is minimal (and academic institutions can benefit


The present invention concerns an apparatus for conveying a sheet-formed item from a digital printing unit, the apparatus including an inlet side and an outlet side, and including a set of conveying means, e.g. one, two or more longitudinal conveyor belts, for moving items in a conveying direction. The invention also relates to a method for regulating such an apparatus. The new feature of the invention is that the apparatus includes means for aligning an article from one position to another position in relation to one or more reference points, and further includes fixing means for fixing an item at a given position in relation to a stop. The method can include at least the following method steps: detecting an item; activating conveying means for receiving and conveying an item at a second speed; regulating a possible skew position of the item as the item is moved against a stop on the conveying means, where the item is acted on by one speed of the conveyor belt and moved into abutment on the conveying means at a second and lower speed; and where the item is fixed in the obtained and aligned position.


Abstract We studied the correlations between body size parameters (SVL and body condition) and clutch parameters (size and mass) as well as between clutch size and egg parameters (mass, volume, length, and width) in a population of Calotes versicolor, a multiclutched lizard that breeds from May to October in southern India. We also analyzed the relationships between early, mid, and late clutches among lizards of different SVL groups. Clutch size and SVL did not vary among years. Clutch size and clutch mass were positively correlated with body size. Egg mass and volume were negatively correlated with clutch size. Clutch size was larger in early and midbreeders than in late breeders. Interestingly, the eggs of late clutches were larger than those of early breeders. A trade-off between clutch size and egg volume was always obvious. The width of eggs did not vary with SVL or clutch timing, perhaps because the width of the pelvic aperture remained virtually constant after maturity. Thus, variation in egg volume in C. versicolor is because of variation in egg length. A wide range of variation in egg volume even among lizards with similar SVL suggests that there is no optimization of egg volume in this species. In contrast, the clutch mass of early, mid, and late clutches did not vary among lizards of comparable SVL. Apparently, SVL acts as a prime factor determining clutch mass in C. versicolor, and the latter is optimized by natural selection.


The domains of time and frequency signals are viewed as two isomorphic groups,under the mapping of Fourier transformation.Based on this,the inference process of some formulae in signal processing courses can be simplified,and conceptions are easily understood with the aid of some primary knowledge from abstract algebra.


In order to evaluate the effects of drought stress and potassium foliar application on grain yield, its components and some physiological traits of three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, field experiment was conducted during growing season of 2011-2012 at Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute (SPCRI), Karaj- Iran. The experiment was carried out using a split plot factorial based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The experimental treatments included three irrigation regimes; normal, mild stress (water withhold at the grain filling phase) and severe stress (water withhold at the ear emergence phase); potassium foliar treatments included, 0, 1.5% and 3.0% K2O applications and three wheat cultivars (Marvdasht, Pishtaz and WS-82-9). Relative water content (RWC) and net photosynthesis were measured after grain filling stage. Also the number of spikes per area, number of grains per spike, 1000- grain weight and grain yield were measured. Results showed relative water content and net photosynthesis were significantly decreased by drought stress. These traits showed significant increase by increasing potassium foliar application. Also results indicated that water stress through withholding at the ear emergence and grain filling phases reduced grain yield and its components. Foliar application of potassium at the rate of 3.0% K2O gave the highest values of all studied wheat characters followed by 1.5% K2O as compared with control treatment. It is concluded that maximum values of grain yield could be achieved from wheat cultivar WS-82-9 giving normal irrigation and sprayed with 3.0% K2O.


We propose and verify a model for hot carrier degradation based on the exhaustive evaluation of the energy distribution function for charge carriers in the channel by means of a full-band Monte-Carlo device simulator. This approach allows us to capture the interplay between "hot" and "colder" electrons and their contribution to the damage build-up. In fact, particles characterized by higher energy are able to produce interface traps by a single-carrier process while colder ones trigger multivibrational mode excitation of a Si-H bond. For the model validation we use long-channel MOSFETs and represent the degradation of the linear drain current. The single-carrier component dominates degradation (this is the usual tendency for long devices), however, the multiple-carrier process is still considerable being less and less pronounced as the source-drain stress voltage increases


The relativity of contract has been one of the most important basic principles in the contract law. With the development of social economy, however, the relativity of contract is facing more and more challenges—the complexity of business transactions makes the execution of many contracts related to the third parties, and trying to use contracts to benefit the third parties has become especially common. In that case, several questions are aroused in theory such as whether the contract for the benefit of third parties is rational, and how to build the institution of the contract for the benefit of third parties and so on. Given this situation, this paper explained the rationality and legitimacy of the contract for the benefit of third parties. After comparing the legislative examples in many countries, the paper tried to establish the right system related to the contract for the benefit of third parties, and provided advice on Article 64 of Chinese Contract Law.


The cash dividend policy of private listed companies is restricted by many factors. Equity structure and marketization process are the main factors. 749 private listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen two city a-share markets in 2007-2011 were carried on the empirical research. Study show the first big shareholder's stake and cash dividends of private listed companies are positive correlation,equity balance degree and cash dividend of private listed companies are negative correlation and private listed companies cash dividends are positive correlation with the degree of marketization.


N our article Overcoming Procedural Boundaries, we set out to dispense with the anachronistic and dysfunctional distinction between civil and criminal procedure and to offer in its stead an alternative procedural divide that is better suited to the goals and purposes of the original dichotomy. The article is comprised of two parts, the first deconstructive and the second reconstructive. The deconstructive part seeks to show that the existing procedural taxonomy is inherently flawed both conceptually and practically. It highlights a fundamental shortcoming of our present procedural system in failing to provide adequate protections to individuals who are sued by the government or by large organizational entities and who face severe civil sanctions, while ensuring sweeping procedural safeguards for people and institutions facing only trivial criminal sanctions. We survey the many justifications for the civilcriminal rift in procedure, which include utilitarian, egalitarian, expressive, and liberal rationales, and challenge each one, showing them to be "obsolete if not completely unfounded." I


The preliminary results of the surgical treatment of 5 patients with primary tumors of the spine, treated in the clinic of RISC "RTO" within the period of 2001 and 2002, are given in the work. CT data as well as the data of clinical, roentgenological, morphological methods have been analyzed. Operative tactics has been determined depending on the axial localization of the tumor and its transverse spreading. Radical removal of the tumor and minimal damage of the spinal cord during surgery are the main requirements. Support spondylosyndesis and stable fixation of the spine contribute to more rapid postoperative activation of patients.


—Lattice assisted nuclear reactions (LANR) are real, and offer a clean, efficient potential new source of energy production. Two decades of LANR R&D have confirmed excess heat production, and other clearly nuclear phenomena, using electrolysis and other gas loading techniques. Requirements for success include incubation time, high loading of > 90% PdD x , and other requisite con- ditions difficult to achieve. Several types of LANR now exist, as well as LANR metamaterials, and several types of triggering and control methods. In LANR, excess heat and helium-4 are the usual products, but charged particles, tritium, and the sequelae of neutrons can be sometimes detected. Excess power gains up to 200–400%+ have been reported. Given the prevalence of the fuel, and the incredible efficiency, LANR could be an important revolutionary technology.


Human being is a unique creature. This uniqueness can be source of sustainability, peace, and happiness if managed properly. In fact, the are a lot of gaps of ideal realm and its reality as reflected in abundance of domestic violence whether it is physically, verbally, sexually, or ecomically. This kind of violence continuously happens despite PKDRT (Penghapusan Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga) Law. This is because the implementation of the Law has not yet been widespreading. This article aims at exploring the causes of domestic violence, the forms, the implications, and how to avoid and handle it from individual sphere until the wider sphere like society and government from psychological and Islamic perspective


Solid particle erosion is a complex phenomenon that depends on many factors such as particle and fluid characteristics, type of material being eroded, and flow geometry. Fittings used in the oil and gas industry such as elbows are susceptible to erosion when solid particles are present in the flow. The momentum of particles carries them across streamlines and the particles impinge the outer wall of the elbow resulting in erosion damage. In an erosive environment, plugged tees are commonly used instead of elbows to reduce the erosion especially where space considerations are important and long-radius elbows can not be used. However, it is unclear how much of a reduction in erosion occurs by replacing an elbow with a plugged tee. In order to compare the erosion in an elbow and a plugged tee exposed to the same flow conditions, a CFD-based erosion prediction model is applied. The model has three primary steps: flow modeling, particle tracking, and applying erosion equations. The results from the model agree with experimental findings for the elbow geometry. However, the simulation results for erosion rate generated for the plugged tee requires a stochastic approach. Results obtained with the erosion prediction model before and after this modification are shown.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


Sir, I would like to make some comments on the paper by Winkler et al. [1] , suggesting 'evidence for a male depressive syndrome' in major depressive disorder. The study has several limitations which make conclusions not so 'evident', such as inclusion of individuals 'without psychiatric comorbidity' (a very selected sample), retrospective self-assessment of depression symptoms (open to several biases), mail survey with 30% nonresponse, statistics (discriminant analysis has several limitations for classifi cation compared to logistic regression) [2] . Males had more irritability and anger attacks than females, lower impulse control, and more substance abuse, while females had more atypical symptoms. The validity of the category of male depression is unclear [3, 4] . van Praag suggested a stress-precipitated, cortisol-induced, serotonin-related and anxiety-driven depressive illness most often seen in males, a concept partly supported by the Gotland study [3] . As the direct clinical evaluation has a clear advantage versus retrospective self-assessment, a large database recorded for different study aims was scanned, searching for 'evidence for a male depressive syndrome'. Detailed study methods are described in pre vious reports [5, 6] . Briefl y, consecutive 389 bipolar II disorder (BP-II) and 261 major depressive disorder (MDD) outpatients, presenting for treatment (off psychoactive drugs) of a major depressive episode (MDE) in a private practice, were systematically cross-sectionally assessed by a research and clinical psychiatrist specialist in mood disorders, during the last 6 years. Substance-related and borderline personality disorders (rare in the study setting), and cognitive disorders were excluded. The interview was conducted by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV [7] , as modifi ed by Benazzi and Akiskal [5, 6] to improve the detection of BP-II, and by the Family History Screen [8] . Sample features are reported elsewhere [6] . Gender differences were studied separately in the two samples. If a male depression existed, it should be independent of mood disorder diagnosis. DSM-IV defi nition of irritability was followed, which includes both spikes (i.e. anger attacks) and constant levels of anger [7] . Fava et al. [9] study used the same defi nition even if it focused on the anger spikes. It was tested not only if there were gender differences in the frequency of irritability, but also gender differences on MDE symptoms (including atypical symptoms/features), axis I comorbidity, and on diagnostic validators such as age at onset, recurrences, and bipolar family history. Univariate logistic regression was used to study associations. p was two-tailed, alpha level was 0.05. Results were the following. The BP-II sample had a mean (SD) age of 41.3 (12.9) years, females were 67.0%. The MDD sample had a mean (SD) age of 46.8 (14.8) years, females were 61.6%. In the BP-II sample, univariate logistic regression of gender versus crosssectional symptoms of MDE (including irritability), and diagnostic validators, found that the only signifi cant differences in females (n = 261) versus males (n = 128) were a lower age at onset of the fi rst MDE [22.0 (10.4) vs. 24.5 (10.9) years, OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.6–0.9, p = 0.032], more atypical features (57.0 vs. 43.7%, OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1–2.6, p = 0.014), and more axis I comorbidity (59.3 vs. 43.7%, OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.2–2.8, p = 0.004). Frequency of irritability was 63.6% in females and 57.8% in males (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.8–1.9, p = 0.270). In the MDD sample, univariate logistic regression of gender versus cross-sectional symptoms of MDE (including irritability), and diagnostic validators, found that the only signifi cant differences (apart from weight gain) in females (n = 161) versus males (n = 100) were a lower age at onset of the fi rst MDE [30.5 (13.8) vs. 33.9 (13.6) years, OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.7–1.0, p = 0.052], and more atypical features (33.5 vs. 21.0%, OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0–3.3, p = 0.031). Frequency of irritability was 36.6% in males and 32.0% in females (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.7–2.0, p = 0.444). While there was some evidence supporting a female depression (based on lower age at onset, more atypical features, more axis I comorbidity), no evidence was found supporting a male depression, including lack of gender difference in the frequency of irritability. An important study advantage, compared to the Winkler et al. [1] study, was the cross-sectional clinical assessment of depression symptoms (including irritability), which avoided biases related to a retrospective self-assessment of these symptoms, and testing also in BP-II disorder.


Taylor and Francis Ltd LED124241.sgm 10.1080/02601370500242587 International Journal of Lifelong Education 0260370 (pri t)/1464-519X (online) Book Review 2 05 & Francis Ltd 4 6 00November–December 2005 R chelBr oks r.bro ks@su ey.ac.au The Baccalaureate. A Model for Curriculum Reform Edited by GRAHAM PHILLIPS and TIM POUND (Kogan Page, London and Sterling VA, 2003), 194 pp., US$39.95/ £22.50 (pbk), ISBN 0 7494 3837 1


Diamond nanoparticles (npD) from detonation do not undergo covalent functionalization to a large extent, as assessed by conventional IR and NMR spectroscopy. This low level of surface modification is due to the low density of surface hydroxyl groups and the presence of soot matter covering npD. We have found that the Fenton reaction of npD remarkably increases the density of surface OH groups, decreases the undesirable amorphous soot matter, and makes possible the subsequent high-density covalent functionalization of these nanoparticles. In this way, the polarity and solubility of npD can be controlled and, besides by IR spectroscopy, we have shown that it is even possible to characterize the resulting diamond nanoparticles by conventional solution 1H NMR spectroscopy in which the signals corresponding to the proton ligands can be monitored.


ABSTRACT Although the scientific literature is replete with reports that host and plant volatiles elicit behavioural responses in Trichogramma, most do not compare the relative importance of olfaction, vision, or their interaction; this may be an oversight. We conducted experiments to evaluate whether vision, odour, or their interaction mediated host location by T. ostriniae over small spatial scales. T. ostriniae were given choices between odour cues and visual cues from Ephestia kuehniella, Ostrinia nubilalis, Manduca sexta, and polymer and glass beads, or between visual cues with and without an odour component. There generally was no preference for an odour component, suggesting that random encounter or visual guidance was the likely mechanism of location. For females who successfully located a cue, we found little evidence that odour was the primary mode of detection. However, when M. sexta eggs were the odour source, and compared to eggs washed with solvent to remove volatiles, females showed a predilection toward visual cues with an odour component. However, when Manduca spp. moth scales were applied to glass beads under conditions of high visual contrast, there was no significant preference for odourised visual cues. There is little doubt that Trichogramma rely on olfaction, but many studies include no visual components, no evaluation of the magnitude of olfaction relative to vision nor their interaction. We offer that random movement and vision may determine much of host-finding, especially with Trichogramma augmentatively released into monocultures, but there is likely some interaction with odours at some small spatial scale.


The academic debate on taxation of endowments or 'talents' is misguided in several respects. Following John Rawls and Ronald Dworkin, it tends to over-emphasize the 'slavery of the talented' problem. As a result, it ignores that a full-fledged endowment tax, if feasible, would offer a sizeable tax cut to all high-income earners. Of course, a true endowment tax is not practicable: the distinction between individuals' 'endowments' and their 'choices' finds very limited support in the social sciences. But the debate on endowment taxation has generated something useful. It does point at identifiable sources of economic inequality, such as labour market discriminations, that might well be considered relevant to the distribution of the tax burden.


Developing countries have established promising e-Government initiatives with the objective of enhancing the accessibility of government services and information for their citizens. However, governments tend to design and launch online services based on their understanding of what citizens need, surprisingly, without actually measuring what increases citizens' willingness to adopt web-enabled services. Governments must first understand variables that influence citizens' adoption of e-Government in order to take them into account when delivering services online. The lack of systematic demand-side studies leaves governments with almost no information on how exactly to channel their efforts and financial resources in this area. The main objective of this paper is to examine the variables "needs" that influence citizens' adoption of e-Government services in Jordan. A sample of 660 people representing the Jordanian e-Society responded to an online survey to identify important variables that governments must consider when delivering services online


By using a new method,the author suggests and analyzes the convergence problems of the three-step iterative sequence with errors for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces.These results not only include the modified Mann and Ishikawa iterative sequences with errors as special cases,but also drop the boundedness requirement imposed on the domain and range in the recent corresponding results.Meanwhile,He obtains a necessity and sufficiency condition in real Banach spaces.The results presented in this paper generalize,improve and extend the known results.


The fixed-charge transportation problem (FCTP) is still a challenging problem in the field of mathematical programming. In this paper, we consider fixed-charge transportation problem with logarithmic objective function. In the absence of any suitable algorithm to obtain the solution of this type of nonlinear transportation problem, we discuss the advantage of polynomial approximation. There exists a major difference between the two problems that the variables in the polynomial transportation problem have no upper bound but in the logarithmic transportation problem they are bounded. Using the expansion of logarithm we show the resemblance between the structural behaviour of linear and fixed-charge transportation problems. We illustrate a numerical example in support of the developed method.


The Schneider intelligent low voltage distribution grid was introduced. Based on typical intelligent electric power distribution engineering project of Shanghai metro and Tian'anmen square,the scheme of product selection and configuration was introduced. The setup and application of intelligent low voltage distribution grid were expounded. The scheme could provide reference for setup of intelligent low voltage distribution grid.


Abstract Milos Island, Greece, has been a mining place since antiquity and at the same time is located in an area, the Cyclades Islands, which for decades has been associated with tourism. Various stakeholders are making efforts to develop the tourism sector on the island and are involved in initiatives for its promotion. The present paper reveals dimensions of the contested interests inherent in this process, as different stakeholder groups are interpreting differently the 'realities' of the place, and the main antagonisms emerging from the relationship between the mining and the tourism sectors. The fieldwork revealed unresolved tensions between various communities and in reporting these we rely heavily on a narrative.


In this paper, we review a number of pyramidal image decomposition techniques for image representation and compression. We argue that the design of an efficient pyramidal image decomposition procedure is directly related to the design of an optimal (non-linear in general) image predictor. However, determining such a predictor is not possible in general. To alleviate this problem, we propose four natural constraints, which uniquely identify the `optimal' predictor as being a morphological opening. This choice naturally leads to a morphological pyramidal image decomposition algorithm recently proposed by Heijmans and Toet. Experimental analysis, allows us to study six pyramidal image decomposition techniques, and demonstrate the superiority (in terms of compression performance and computational simplicity) of the Heijmans-Toet algorithm.