Seeds of five wild plants of Leguminoseae family growing in the Chhattisgarh state viz. Australian Babool (Acacia auriculiformis); Pancha Sunkesula (Peltoforum ferrugineum); Kasood (Cassia siamea); Vilayati Kikkar (Parkinsonia aculeate) and Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) were analysed for their proximate composition and micro-nutrient contents in them. Moisture, Ash, Total Organic Matter, Proteins, Fats, Crude Fibre, Carbohydrates, Nitrogen and Calorie contents of the five seeds are reported in this communication. Results of micro-nutrient (Fe+++, Mn++, Zn++ and Cu++) analyses are also given.


OBJECTIVE To study the HPLC fingerprints and establish a sensitive and specific method for controlling the quality of Cuscuta chinensis Lam..METHODS The sample was separated on an Apollo C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of methanol-0.1% acetic acid by gradient elution.The flow rate was 1 mL·min-1;wavelength were 328 and 360 nm.RESULTS There were 18 common peaks in the HPLC fingerprints of Cuscuta chinensis Lam.After calculating the similarity of the HPLC fingerprints of 15 habitats,the similarity of different habitats were compared.CONCLUSION The method shows good repeatability.It can be used as the means to assess and control the quality of Cuscuta chinensis Lam..


A time constant including building geometry and design fire characteristics was suggested for specifying smoke filling in atria. From the survey results on 138 local atria, time constants of 73 atria were calculated. The smoke filling times required to fill 80 % of the space volume were evaluated from the NFPA smoke filling equation with a slow t 2 -fire. The time for the smoke front to reach the ceiling was taken into account. It is further confirmed that time constant is a better parameter than the space volume used in the current fire codes, and is thus recommended to the Authority.


We hypothesize that a reduced capacity to withstand or repair cellular damage from ultraviolet radiation may be present in caveadapted microorganisms that never experience such conditions. However, a small number of previous studies have shown that some subsurface bacteria do not show greater sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) than surface bacteria. To estimate UVR sensitivity in cave bacteria, bacterial isolates were collected from Carlsbad Cavern, New Mexico, U.S.A., and percent survival following exposure to various UVC and UVA radiation doses was determined. Cave bacteria from Left Hand Tunnel in Carlsbad Cavern and surface bacteria from soil and rocks above Carlsbad Cavern were grown on low and high nutrient media then exposed to 0, 10,000 and 20,000 μWs/ cm 2 of UVR in a laboratory biological safety cabinet. Incubations were conducted at 15°C or 37oC, in accordance with the isolates' natural temperature environments. In addition, DNA repair capacity was estimated by exposing the organisms to various doses of UVC radiation and measuring survivability. Gram status and pigmentation also were determined. Results showed that most of the cave isolates were more sensitive to UVR than the surface isolates, but survivability data suggest that cave microbes retain some of their capacity to repair UV-induced DNA damage. Selection appears to have favored bacteria that can survive in this low nutrient environment, while not maintaining (or paying the cost of maintaining) unneeded traits such as UVR resistance. Cave bacteria appear to have maintained DNA repair capacity, most likely because of the need to repair damage to their DNA from other environmental stressors found in caves.


Fresh engine oils or engine lubricants lose some of their properties during service, engine lubricant deterioration leads to change in oil properties, which ultimately have effect on engine overall performance.  Therefore, it is very important to characterize used engine lubricants at different using conditions to check the performance and ability of existing oils, which in turn protects engine parts and also designs new formulations to produce better type of engine oil or improve the existing oil. Therefore, optimizing engine oil lubricant changing time is very important for reducing environmental impact but renewing engine lubricant before it is due rises a customer's cost. In this study, the most significant parameters such as kinematic viscosity, flash point and fire point were chosen to determine the changes and deterioration in engine oil properties. The oil samples were multigrade fully synthetic with SAE gradation 10W-30 grand ecodrive is used in 5 different passenger cars. Having information about these properties are crucial chemical and physical behaviours of engine oils and for keeping engine's lifecycle. The test results of this work show that after 10,000 km, 10W-30 Delta NL motor oil brand (special synthetic with API SL) oil properties such as kinematic viscosity at cold start, 40 °C and 100 °C decreased 22.92%, 23.61% and 22.92% respectively. In addition, both flash point and fire point decreased 15.6% and 14.22% consecutively for the base properties, and according to the test results this type of engine oil is suitable to use for 10,000 km.


Deoxynivalenol is a mycotoxin produced by fungi of the Fusarium genra, wich are abundant in various cereal crops and processed grains. In order to establish the morpho-physiological changes caused by the mycotoxin DON on various tissue types, we have taken samples from duodenum, liver, kidney, heart and spleen from 9 piglets belonging to three experimental groups: group I – control, group II (experimental I – 0.5 ppm DON) and group III (experimental II – 1.5 ppm DON). Microscopic studies are revealing a series of morphostructural changes, for the experimental groups, as fallows: desquamation processes in the villositar epithelium and some denudation (epithelium together with subjacent chorion) of the mucous arias too, hepatic dystrophic processes and enlargement of the capillaries with hemorrhagic arias in the liver, glomerulites and tubulonephrites accompanied by blood vessel enlargement with local hemorrhages in the renal parenchyma, miocardiocytes mild miolysis accompanied by endothelial cells alteration with the local blood extravasations, stroma development in spleen.


Since Waltereit et al. demonstrated ten years ago the realization of polarization free (Al,Ga)N/GaN quantum wells (QW) a lot of work has been carried out on non-polar nitride-based heterostructures. The current interest in non-polar GaN is indeed motivated by the absence of built-in electric fields, allowing the growth of wide QWs without any decrease in the overlap between electron and hole wave functions. However, the use of non lattice-matched substrates induces strain that relaxes through the generation of dislocations or stacking faults. The dynamics of QW excitons is then dominated by their trapping on these extended defects. In this work, we have adopted a different approach consisting in the homoepitaxial growth of a 4 nm-thick non-polar Al0.06Ga0.94N/GaN single QW. We first show that the resulting heterostructure is free of stacking fault and presents a low dislocation-density that we estimate to 2.105 cm-2. From 10 to 150 K, the QW effective decay time increases from 110 to 350 ps, evidencing the absence of non-radiative recombination channel in this temperature range. The temperature dependence of exciton decay time is instead ascribed to the combined delocalization of excitons bound to interface roughness and to the thermal distribution of free excitons in k-space. From these results, we deduce an oscillator strength of 2.1013 / cm2 for QW free excitons, in agreement with values reported for thin polar (Al,Ga)N/GaN MQWs where the influence of electric fields is negligible.


Suppose that A and B are bounded linear operators on a complex Hilbert space and that e A = e B . It is well-known that if the spectrum of A is incongruent (mod 2i) then AB = BA.


The melt synthesis of poly(butylene succinate)/silica (PBS/SiO2) nanocomposites is investigated via an in situ approach. The use of two types of nanosilica, fumed (or pyrogenic) silica and colloidal silica, is described. In all cases, the addition of silica favors an increase of the melt viscosity during the polycondensation step. This behavior is attributed to both polymer–silica interactions and PBS chain coupling via possible reaction with silica silanols. Biodegradable film is a promising application for PBS. In this context, it is proved that silica greatly facilitates PBS processing by extrusion blowing (a longitudinal draw ratio of 16 is attained). Moreover, tensile tests performed on films demonstrate significant reinforcement of the material with the addition of the nanofiller. The dispersion of the particles into the polymer matrix is assessed by transmission electron microscopy and further characterized by image analysis. It appears that pyrogenic and colloidal silica particles are regularly dispersed in the polymer matrix and that this dispersion is stable upon film blowing.


Category: Sports Introduction/Purpose: Peroneal tendinopathy is a common condition of the ankle and may lead to substantial pain and disability. Low lying peroneus brevis (PB) muscle belly, accessory tendons and bony abnormalities have been implicated in peroneal tendon pathology. To date, studies have reported the presence of these variants or the distal extent of a muscle belly with the presumption that this reflects an increased intra-sheath volume. The goal of this study was to perform volumetric measurements of MR images of peroneal tendons in patients with peroneal pathology requiring surgical intervention and those without. Methods: Two fellowship trained musculoskeletal radiologists evaluated MR images of patients with and without peroneal tendon pathology. The volume of the peroneal tendon sheath and its contents were measured from the level of the tibial plafond down to the peroneal tubercle. The volumes were measured using the Vital Images 3D Vitoria program. The program allows calculation of volumes based on selected area outlines on each axial slice and then compiles each slice into a stacked volume. The presence of a peroneus quartus (PQ), synovitis and peroneal tendon tears were also recorded. Results: Fifty-one patients with peroneal pathology and 15 control patients were included. The mean distance of the PB muscle belly to the tip of the fibula was 5.55 ± 2.5 mm and 11.79 ± 4.07 mm for the groups with and without pathology, respectively (p=0.017). The mean total sheath volume was 7.06 ± 0.95 cc and 5.12 ± 0.53 cc (p=0.001), respectively. The mean PB and PQ combined volume was 1.31 ± 0.29 and 0.86 ± 0.24 cc (p=0.023), respectively. In isolation, the peroneal muscle volume was 0.87 ± 0.25 cc and 0.80 ± 0.25 cc (p=0.733), respectively. Conclusion: The volume of the peroneal tendon sheath and its contents are greater in the patients with peroneal tendinopathy that required surgery compared to controls. Despite the lower position of the muscle belly in the peroneal tendinopathy group, which is similar to previous studies, this was not reflected in increased volumetric measurements. However, when the PQ tendon was included this combined volume was significantly greater. Volumetric measurements are a more accurate way to assess the peroneal sheath in patients with peroneal pathology.


Implementation of a satellite-based navigation system with high precise service can be conceived only with a significant cost reduction with respect to GPS. The lesson learned from various investigations indicate that the satellite constellation play a predominant role in the so called "cost reduction initiative". In this perspective, a combination of geostationary and inclined elliptic orbit (Molniya or Tundra) are expected to provide a promising solution, offering among other advantages, the possibility to start with a regional service using few space elements which could be upgraded to extend the service on a global scale.


Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of HBV genotypes and serotypes among population in Suining.Method Totally 1 468 serum samples were collected from residents in 6 counties of Suining to screen HBsAg positive samples,followed by amplification of S region by nest-PCR and HBV genotype determination by DNA sequencing methods.Results.Genotyping 118 HBsAg positive samples,40 of the samples showed genotype B(33.89%),73 samples of genotype C(61.86%),5 samples of genotype D(4.23%).Other genotypes were not found.There were 42 samples of serotype adr(35.59%) and 76 samples of serotype adw(64.41%).Conclusion HBV genotypes were mainly B and C subtypes in Suining area and genotype C was dominant,while few HBV of genotype D was identified.Serotype distribution was mainly adr/adw,in which subtype adw was the dominant serotype.


Transforming growth factor-β is involved in the pathogenesis of dialysis-related amyloidosis. Background Advanced glycation end product-modified β 2 -microglobulin (AGE-β 2 m) is an important component of dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA). Its presence induces monocyte chemotaxis and the release of the proinflammatory cytokines through macrophage activation. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that also has chemotactic activity for monocytes at very low (0.1 to 10 pg/mL) concentrations and inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production of macrophages. In this study, we investigated the role of TGF-β in the pathogenesis of DRA. Methods We performed an immunohistochemical study of DRA tissues (8 cases) to confirm the existence of TGF-βs and their receptors; we also performed a chemotaxis assay of human monocytes as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of TGF-β1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in the supernatant of human monocyte-derived macrophage cell culture under varying conditions of incubation with TGF-β1, AGE-β 2 m, and TGF-β1 antibody additions. Results There was positive staining for TGF-βs (types 1, 2, and 3) and their receptors (types I, II, and III) in infiltrated macrophages (CD68+), synovial lining cell, as well as vascular walls around amyloid deposition. AGE-β 2 m also induced TGF-β1 production by macrophages in a dose-dependent manner (410 ± 80 pg/mL at 12.5 μg/mL, 621 ± 62 pg/mL at 25 μg/mL, and 776 ± 62 pg/mL at 50 μg/mL of AGE-β 2 m). AGE-β 2 m induced significant TNF-α and IL-1Ra production by macrophage. The addition of exogenous TGF-β1 (0.1 to 10 ng/mL) decreased AGE-β 2 m–induced TNF-α production and increased IL-1Ra production in a dose-dependent fashion. IL-1β production was not effected by any experimental conditions. In chemotaxis assay, anti–TGF-β1 antibody (0.1 to 10 μg/mL) attenuated AGE-β 2 m–induced monocyte chemotaxis. Conclusions These results provide the first evidence to our knowledge for the presence of TGF-β in DRA tissue, as well as the stimulatory action of AGE-β 2 m on tissue macrophages. In turn, TGF-β suppresses the proinflammatory activation of macrophages, suggesting a dual role for TGF-β in the inflammatory process of DRA. These observations may provide a pathophysiologic link between TGF-β and DRA.


Which words merit special attention, in isolation from the verbal sequences in which they ordinarily appear? Some obvious candidates stake this claim by virtue of having been made or remade to represent complex concepts or even whole philosophies: "poststructuralism," "identity," "discourse," for example. Others are unassuming, their frequent and commonplace usage obscuring extraordinary accumulated significance. My appreciation for words of the latter type was sharpened when, as a graduate student in the 1980s, I encountered Raymond Williams's book Culture and Society (1958). The volume tracked changes in the meanings and uses of several words ("industry," "democracy," "class," "art," "culture") as a way of mapping "wider changes in life and thought [between 1780 and 1950] to which the changes in language evidently refer." Williams labeled the words that had taken on significant new meanings "the key words." In a subsequent volume,


In this paper,the digital elevation model data collection was introduced,and the use of the present srtm dem most popular three-dimensional modeling terrain data to Delaunay algorithm is based on data through the establishment of triangular grid network model to achieve modeling results.


In wireless communication, the radio spectrum is a very rare and precious resource that has currently become a major problem to efficiently exploit the underutilized band of the static allocated licensed band. Recently, the cognitive radio (CR) has emerged as a promising technology to overcome the spectrum crisis, in which, the licensed band can be utilized by the unlicensed user until and unless it does not affect the transmission of the licensed band. In this paper, the spectrum occupancy of three bands i.e. GSM 900, 1800 and 2100 bands have been measured through spectrum analyzer in the indoor and outdoor environment. The measured results of all the three bands have been calculated through MATLAB against the power spectral density versus frequency plots. Results have shown that the majority of the licensed band is underutilized. Therefore, the CR can play a pivotal role to efficiently utilize the unused spectrum and to overcome the cellular wireless spectrum crisis in Pakistan. The second part of this paper deals with the emerging concept of network sharing among mobile operators and its impacts on cost. Network sharing become the standard among mobile operators worldwide and so in Pakistan. Capital (CAPEX) as well as operational (OPEX) expenditure and rapid advancement in technology encouraged all operators to go for sharing business models. In Pakistan, all four mobile operators Jazz, Telenor, Zong, and Ufone are actively adopting this model to maintain EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization). Mainly there are two types of network sharing, Passive infrastructure sharing, and active resource sharing. Passive network sharing is widely used in Pakistan among operators.


Four instances are reported in which nerves in the eye region were pulled out accidentally during or after surgery. Relatively long portions of nerves were obtained each time, and it seems worthwhile for the eye surgeon to know that nerves can be pulled out easily.


How do 'new media' or Internet-related companies raise external equity capital? In this paper, I analyze two markets that entrepreneurs of private Internet-related businesses use in the US to raise equity: the venture capital market and the market for 'angel' capital. Both markets appear to be important sources of capital for private Internet-related firms. In this paper, I try to shed some light on how these markets operate with respect to investments in Internet-related companies. In particular, using data from PricewaterhouseCoopers' MoneyTree Survey, I analyze trends in venture capital investments in Internet-related companies and make comparisons with venture investments in non-Internet-related firms. In addition, I use information and data on the angel market to investigate how important the market for angel capital is likely to be as a source of capital for Internet-related businesses. In doing so I draw on ongoing and new research by myself and others into the operation of these markets. Finally, I make some cautious predictions about how the future prospects for raising money from these two sources are likely to evolve for Internet-related firms.


Thank you for the privilege and burden of being the Program Committee Chair for the 2005 International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA 2005). I first describe the process we used to select the ISCA 2005 technical program to both aid those who will design processes for future conferences and inform those who participated in the current process. I then thank those who made it happen. After this message, I print Guidelines for SIGARCH Sponsored Conferences.


Seven types of black point symptoms were established based on the discolouration of seeds. Light brown to dark brown/black discolouration of embryonic region (symptom type-3) was observed as the predominant symptom of black point discolouration (62.5%) followed by embryonic end (lower side) dark brown to black (symptom type-2). Three different pathogens viz. Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Curvularia lunata, were found to be dominantly associated with black point infected seeds with significantly varying frequencies of association with different types of discolouration. Maximum incidence (90%) of A. alternata was detected in seeds with embryo region and surrounding endosperm area dark brown to black. Incidence of B. sorokiniana was maximum (52%) in seeds with embryo region (upper side) light brown and of C. lunata in seeds with embryo region (upper side) dark brown to black (92%). Irrespective of the symptomatic category, the disease significantly affected the seed quality like test weight, seed viability, germination percentage and seedling vigour of black point affected seeds. Incidence of black point was found more in case of bread wheat grown in rain-fed conditions (5.29%) as compared to irrigated conditions (1.70%).


The Young Lords emerged in 1969, at the height of the decade's radicalization when two million students polled in the US said they believed in the necessity of building a revolutionary party. Respectively, the group called for society's radical transformation: the end of US colonial rule in Puerto Rico, colonization everywhere; self-determination for Puerto Ricans and all racially oppressed people in the US mainland; and a socialist society, which contrary to capitalism's blind pursuit of profit, would prioritize human need. The group forms part of the New Left, the diverse social movements of the 60s that challenged racism and Jim Crow; US war in Vietnam; old soul-slaying social norms that constrained personal freedoms in the US; patriarchy and heteronormativity. While their white campus-based counterparts rebelled against the sterility of suburbia, sixties radicals of color, like the Young Lords and Black Panther, were radicalized by the experience of migration in the context of the new urban poverty produced by post-war deindustrialization, housing displacement, medical discrimination in public hospitals, and police violence in northern cities. Anchored in local communities, the group marshalled the best organizing strategies bequeathed to them by over a decade of movement activism and won ground breaking reforms.


The effect of forming technology on the properties of quartz sand porous materials were researched with the low grade quartz sand along the Yangtze River via the pressureless sintering method in this paper, which lay technology foundation for researching new heat insulating materials. The wear of ball milling media is investigated through adjusting the ball milling parameter via the weigh methods. The results are shown that the porosity of quartz sand porous materials are decreased with increasing a forming pressure. The porosities of Φ30 and Φ50 materials are decreased with increasing a holding pressure time, however, the porosity decreasing rate of Φ30 is slower than that of Φ50. The porosity of Φ50 is higher than that of Φ30 under same forming conditions. Through optimized the forming conditions, the porosity of sintered Φ50 quartz matrix porous materials reaches 54.52% under the forming pressure for 5MPa and the holding pressure time for 5min.


An instrumented offroad motorcycle was run at a range of speeds in approximately straight lines whilst the rider excited its lateral dynamics by shaking the steering. Autoregressive models were fitted to the resulting multiple output time series data using system identification. The method allowed statistical estimation of state space models to represent the dynamics of an unstable or marginally stable vehicle under manual control. A symbolic algebra computer package was used to derive an analytical state space model to describe the lateral dynamics of the motorcycle. Results from the experiments and analysis compared well with respect to frequency, damping and modal shape of weave and wobble modes, frequency response and model order.


Lifetime measurements of states in the yrast band of 119Xe have been performed using a Doppler broadened lineshape analysis. Preliminary results, in the range 27/2−⩽Iπ⩽43/2−, indicate a transition quadrupole moment of approximately 2.9 eb, which corresponds to a prolate rotor with deformation e2≈0.17.Lifetime measurements of states in the yrast band of 119Xe have been performed using a Doppler broadened lineshape analysis. Preliminary results, in the range 27/2−⩽Iπ⩽43/2−, indicate a transition quadrupole moment of approximately 2.9 eb, which corresponds to a prolate rotor with deformation e2≈0.17.


During an off-peak hour of a day, a Mobile Terminal (MT) can stay in idle mode for long time as there is no incoming or outgoing packet. An idle MT can move from one location to another and the wireless access network keeps tracking the idle MT. Idle MTs need to assist the wireless access network for location update; so that, on call arrival the network can route the call successfully. Mean while , Voice over IP (VoIP) got wide acceptance. To provide VoIP service in mobile environment or any IP packet based service, Mobile IP is very important protocol undeniably. However, Proxy Mobile IP was developed by IETF without considering the idle mode condition of MTs. Consequently, an idle MT needs to conduct Mobile IP binding (Layer 3 location update) whenever it moves to new area of a Foreign Agent although it does not have any incoming or outgoing packets during idle period. This phenomenon unnecessarily increases location update signaling cost. Here in this paper, based on optical wireless integrated access network we propose a mechanism that allows only Layer 2 location update when an MT is in idle mode and the Layer 3 location update is conducted after call arrives for an idle MT. Our numerical results show that proposed mechanism out performs than the existing solutions. KeywordsMobile IP; Energy saving; Converged; Passive Optical Networks; Location Update .


Objective To investigate clinical pathological feature and differential diagnosis of sclerosing polycystic adenosis of salivary gland. Methods One case of sclerosing polycystic adenosis was report. The clinical data,pathological and immunohistochemical features and differential diagnosis of this disease were reviewed and discussed with the relevant literature.Results The patient was a 38-year-old man,presenting with a painless left parotid swelling. Histologically,it was comparable to fibrocystic mastopathy and characterized by distinct hyalinized,centrally accentuated sclerosing collageneous tissue with inclusion of cystically ectatic ducts,forming a vaguely lobular pattern. The dilated ducts frequently showed apocrine like metaplasia and epithelial hyperplasia. Focally,acinar elements contained abundant large,intensely eosinophilic intracytop lasmic granules believed to rep resent altered zymogen granules. Some of other ductal epithelial cells showed foamy cell looking.Conclusion Sclerosing polycystic adenosis of salivary gland is rare disease. Differential diagnoses included chronic sclerosing sialadenitis of salivary gland,polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma,acinic cell carcinoma,adenoid cystic carcinoma,mucoepidermoid carcinoma and so on.


Catch crops might reduce sulphate leaching and thereby increase the overall S use efficiency in crop rotations. At 2 experimental sites in Denmark (a sandy loam and a coarse sand) S uptake of catch crop species was measured. Furthermore net release of S following incorporation of this material (S contents 0.13-1.03%, C:S ratios of 40-329 and lignin content of 1-10.8%) was investigated in a pot experiment with spring barley in sandy soil. The catch crops showed huge differences in their ability to sequester S. The best catch crops (legumes on sandy loam), sequestered 10-12 kg S ha-1 and the poorest catch crops (ryegrass and sorrel on coarse sand), sequestered less than 3 kg S ha-1. The S mineralisation rates were highest for crucifers (57-85% of total S added) and lowest for legumes (up to 46% of total S added). Differences can partly be explained by the C:S ratio, whereas no significant relationship was found with the lignin content of the incorporated catch crops. The catch crops may constitute a solution that can help avoiding S deficiency and increase synchrony between plant demand and available soil S in a crop rotation. However, the release of S will not fulfil the need of S demanding crops and even for cereals the mineralisation will most often only make a contribution. In the case of legume catch crops it is advisable to use a supplemental S source.


Objective To study the relative bioavailability and bioequivalence of omeprazole Enteric-coated capsules in healthy volunteers. Methods A single oral dose(40 mg of tested and reference formulation) was given to 20 healthy volunteers in a randomised crossover study,with one week dose interval.The plasma omeprazole concentrationswas determined within 12 h administration by HPLC.The pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated and the bioavailability and bioequivalence of two formulations were evaluated by DAS program.AUC(0-12),AUC(0-inf) and Cmax was analysed by ANOVA followed by test,tmax was analysed by rank sum test. Results After a single dose administration,the pharmacokinetics parameters for omeprazole were as follows: Cmax were(939.63±284.29) μg·L-1 and(1 012.88±315.68) μg·L-1;tmax were(2.58±0.65) and(2.45±0.48) h;AUC(0-12) were(3 857.43±1 146.46) and(4 091.39±1 175.82) μg·h·L-1;AUC(0-inf) were(4 088.97±1 253.34)and(4 387.24±1 290.20) μg·h·L-1 for T and R respectively.The 90% confidential interval of Cmax,AUC(0-12) and AUC(0-inf) of tested formulation were 86.0%~101.7%,88.9%~101.5% and 87.3%~100.9% respectively. Conclusion The relative bioavailability of the tested and reference formulations was(96.26±16.52)%;The statistic analysis shows that the two formulations were bioequivalence.


Abstract: The objective of this work is to develop a general and predictive hydrate model for hydrates in equilibrium with brines. The model developed only needs the ionic radius, the charge on the ions, and the concentration of each salt to predict the inhibition effect of the salts in the brines. The model has proven to be consistent with experimental data.


The author argues that courts should find that the Carmack Amendment (1906) to the Interstate Commerce Act, which places responsibility for damages, with respect to transportation wholly within the United States, on the initial railroad line, applies to an international intermodal shipment on a through bill of lading's domestic leg. Courts should, however seek clear rules in order to retain as much of the involved parties' contract as possible so that efficient contracting is maintained in keeping with the Norfolk Southern Railway Company v. Kirby ruling that uniformity is required in international carriage of goods. The author argues that under both the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (COGSA) and Carmack, Congress has allowed carriers means to limit their liability. There is remarkable similarity in the limitation requirements these statutes establish, and, if an individual case allows, the same facts should satisfy both. If Carmack is uniformly applied but only contract terms directly at odds with statute requirements are expelled by future courts, the Supreme Court should resolve the circuit split. A simple policy of not mining international commerce's waters should be followed by courts until Congress can meet the needs of a changed industry through a liability scheme.


Background: The influence of shared genetic vulnerability is well-known in the development of alcohol use disorder. However, there is a dearth of studies on shared environments. Hence, the present study aimed to ascertain the influence of shared environments in the development of alcohol use disorder. Aim: To examine the influence of adverse childhood experiences, parental bonding, and temperament in the development of alcohol use disorder. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines were followed. Studies were identified through search engines such as PubMed, Embase, and PsychInfo, CINAHL databases. Peer-reviewed articles in English published during 2000 - 2021 were included for the review. Results: About 47 articles were considered for the scoping review. Shared environmental factors such as adverse childhood experiences or childhood trauma within 18 years of life, novelty, adventureseeking, cyclothymia, and immediate need for gratification contribute to alcohol use disorder development. Positive parenting is associated with a lower incidence of AUD. Conclusion: Understanding the influence of shared environments and providing tailor-made psycho-social interventions would reduce the risk and prevent alcohol use disorder development.. Keywords: Temperament, parental bonding, adverse childhood consequences. How to cite: Gupta, S., Kumar. S. (2021): Efficacy of Yoga therapy and strength based group intervention on the level of depression, anxiety and stress among persons with alcohol dependence syndrome Journal of Psychosocial Wellbeing, 2(2):17-20. Quick Response Code This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. Website : www.jpsw.co.in Access this Article online DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.55242/JPSW.2021.2209 Abstract Background: Teachers are faced with everyday stressful events such as overexposure to the media, family related issues and school. The self-esteem of a teacher as a person is very important, as the chances of a teacher's being of maximum benefit to the self-esteem of pupils are very small unless they maintain their own self-esteem at a high level. Aims :To analyze the relationship between self-esteem and perceived stress among private school teachers. Methods:In the current study, data from 100 teachers working in private schools in Delhi-NCRusing random purposive sampling was collected. Self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to assess perceived stress. The data was analyzed using the statistical software SPSS (version 20.0). Results and Conclusion: The majority of the private school teachers had average self-esteem and perceived stress. Female teachers are far better at coping with stress than male teachers. It was also found that teachers of private schools who live in a joint family had better self-esteem and comparatively more perceived stress than teachers of private schools who live in a nuclear family. Further, unmarried teachers had better self-esteem than married and divorced teachers of private schools and divorced teachers had less perceived stress than married and unmarried teachers of private schools. We as a society need to take a proactive approach to help prospective teachers deal with the everyday problems they are being faced with.


Electrochemiluminescence based on Ru(bpy) 3 2+ immobilized modified electrode has attracted extensive attention in basic science and application studies. This review covers the principles, methods and applications of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ immobilization. Detail for some research work that encompasses the most recent developments has also be presented.


Although the application of concrete in the visual arts is not as wide as in the construction industry, it reflects diverse artistic attitudes and expectations regarding this material. We come across its use mostly in public space, being a natural space for concrete. When it comes to small-scale sculptures exhibited in art galleries, concrete is not found that often. Sculpture is a vastfield dominated from one hand by traditional materials such as bronze, stone, ceramics, but also open to spatial and material experiments. The articles presents a number of concrete use cases in the creative way: its method, the output, and the conclusions. The aim of the project was to depart from the typical architectural function of concrete and to present it as the flexible one that enables one to take advantage of its expressive features. As a result, a set of works called "The Silence of Forms" was created, which was fully or partially presented in some art exhibitions in the years 2019-2021.


Persons involved in family and nonfamily violence may be distinguished both demographically and behavionally. There appear, in fact, to be grounds to consider them as two different groups. Those involved in family violence appear to be the most stable in that they are more likely to live with others and have some employment and are less likely to report suicide or alcohol abuse. Also, the groups appear to be rather specialized in their violence, and those involved in both kinds of assaults are generally more frequently violent. These group differences corroborate the research done on violent men drawn from a human service population. Shields and associates (10) found three distinct patterns of violence—family only, nonfamily only, and general violence—to be associated with distinct life-styles, social networks, and values, which in turn seem to reinforce the violence pattern. The findings, therefore, suggest that those who assault their families may at least require separate consideration as a research gr...


The effect of inert media (rockwool, perlite, expanded clay) and two levels of nutrient solution (EC-2.3 and EC-2.8) on the yield and mineral composition of greenhouse tomato cultivar 'Cunero F1' was investigated. The experiment showed no significant effect of medium and nutri- ent solution levels on the total and marketable yield of tomato fruits.


Surgical treatment of movement disorders, and especially Parkinson's disease, is regaining momentum. Despite all efforts, a significant number of patients who suffer from various types of movement disorders are becoming surgical candidates. Recent advances in medical technology have enabled more precise targeting of deep brain structures, as well as reversible modulation of the neural outputs. Utilization of these technologies in common practice may well expand our options for treating complex movement disorders. Deep brain stimulation is one of these promising advances in stereotactic surgery for movement disorders. This review begins with a historical perspective, and then presents the latest knowledge in this field. The intent was to inform health care providers in neurological sciences about the implications, application, and scope of this technology.


The binary logistic regression model was used in this paper to make an empirical analysis on influencing factors of the first repayment source according to the data of farmers in Qishan,Shan'xi province.The influencing factors in credit rating of farmers'loans were analyzed based on regression results.The results indicated that gender of farmers,household income,whether loans satisfy their needs,loan purpose,whether having government discount,ages of farmers,family size,loan period and whether there were natural disasters,had obvious influences on the first repayment source.The application of influencing factors of the first repayment source in credit rating of farmers'loans was feasible and effective.The research conclusion suggests that rural financial institutions should provide different financial products and services based on the obvious influencing factors mentioned above,release corresponding plans to promote the proportion of the first repayment source on the basis of considering individual characteristics of local farmers.


In this paper we shall consider the two-dimensional fractional- order logistic model for the interaction of demand and supply. The stability of equilibrium points are studied. Numerical solutions of this model are given. Numerical simulation have been used to verify the theoretical analysis.


The Greek etymology of fantasy is, to make visible. As soon as I learned to walk, I put these skates on and they never came off. The skates never came off because as soon as I put them on, I discovered something. The skates helped me discover that traveling through space and time at a faster speed makes me catch Star signals ─ especially when I'm near water. These signals are from the Star people. When people are forced into invisibility it's important to say that they are here. They are here, and they are here, and they are here.


Nowadays, mathematics and statistics are everywhere and are very important to improve the performance of a company or industry. For example, in basketball industry, professional teams, especially in the NBA use mathematics and statistics to improve the player´s performance and to win games through the study of free throws. Why study free throws? Statistical studies indicate that the number of points obtained in games through free throws is between 20-25% of the total points in a game. It means that the team that will win will be the team that has the highest probability in order to obtain a successful free throw. Therefore, we propose a mathematical model without interaction the board in 2D that which allows us to improve the probability to obtain a successful shot in a player through the analytical, numerical, probabilistic, and statistical study of the optimal release angle and release velocity. Since we are not robots to throw exactly with the angle and velocity that give us. We will find the maximum error allowed in release angle and velocity in order to continue having a successful shot. We use MATLAB software to solve the equations, and problems of univariate and multivariate optimization to obtain the solutions about the heights of Shaq 2.16 m and Kev 1.83 m (author). In addition, we will include Monte Carlo simulations to find the zone of success with the greatest probability of each throw and thus validate our model. Finally, we will our conclusions through a comparative analysis between simulated data and real data using a multiple regression model.


Over the course of 2010, it has become evident that this season has turned from a potential bonanza into what could be described as a tragic disaster. At the beginning of the year continuing high prices were buoying the outlook for the season and growers were looking forward to a bumper harvest with quite high raw sugar prices prevailing.


Loss of the transcription factor E2F1 elicits a complex metabolic phenotype in mice underscored by reduced adiposity and protection from high-fat-diet induced diabetes. Here, we demonstrate that E2F1 directly regulates the gene encoding Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 (PDK4), a key nutrient sensor and modulator of glucose homeostasis that is chronically elevated in obesity and diabetes and acutely induced under the metabolic stress of starvation or fasting. We show that loss of E2F1 in vivo blunts PDK4 expression and improves myocardial glucose oxidation. Absence of E2F1 also corresponds to lower blood glucose levels, improved plasma lipid profile and increased sensitivity to insulin stimulation.


Representation of Female Attributes in Chinese ProverbsThe article investigates a the inner and outer attributes of women reflected in Chinese proverbs and b what images and symbols are employed to express them. Each proverb was assessed and classified in terms of female attributes inner and/or outer and connotation positive and/or negative. The sources of the features that underlie the representations of female attributes in Chinese proverbs were found to drawn mostly from traditional national culture, cultural symbolism, and social and gender stereotypes. Social beliefs, ethnic and gender prejudice towards women in Chinese society, as well as ethno-cultural information accumulated in the proverbs, were revealed by means of the cultural approach to critical discourse analysis. In detail, inner attributes overweigh outer, i.e., superficial and aesthetic ones, providing a clear moral compass pointing to an ideal female behaviour.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to suggest ways that we can widen our vision since our views are limited by our theoretical lens. Design/methodology/approach – The paper first draws on articles in the current issue to illustrate how limitations imposed by our theoretical lens can be partly overcome. It then draws on the insights from two recent papers by Svensson (2016) and Lo and Chik (2016) to discuss some ways forward. Svensson's paper argues for integrating research on teaching and learning using case-based studies and the contextual analysis approach. Lo and Chik's paper is about how our learning can go beyond the single case through attending to fusion in the external horizon. The conceptual lens from these two papers which are from the phenomenography, variation theory and learning study tradition is applied to look at some of the papers in this issue which are from the lesson study tradition. Findings – Although there is an inherent limitation to what we can see as a consequence of the theo...


Currently, the risk of network information insecurity is increasing rapidly in number and level of danger. The methods mostly used by hackers today is to attack end-to-end technology and exploit human vulnerabilities. These techniques include social engineering, phishing, pharming, etc. One of the steps in conducting these attacks is to deceive users with malicious Uniform Resource Locators (URLs). As a results, malicious URL detection is of great interest nowadays. There have been several scientific studies showing a number of methods to detect malicious URLs based on machine learning and deep learning techniques. In this paper, we propose a malicious URL detection method using machine learning techniques based on our proposed URL behaviors and attributes. Moreover, bigdata technology is also exploited to improve the capability of detection malicious URLs based on abnormal behaviors. In short, the proposed detection system consists of a new set of URLs features and behaviors, a machine learning algorithm, and a bigdata technology. The experimental results show that the proposed URL attributes and behavior can help improve the ability to detect malicious URL significantly. This is suggested that the proposed system may be considered as an optimized and friendly used solution for malicious URL detection.


Academic procrastination becomes a problem in the education field. There are six areas of academic work procrastination, namely, writing a term paper, studying for examination, keeping up with weekly reading assignments, performing the administrative tasks, attending meeting and attendance tasks. Keeping up with weekly reading assignments is the focus area in this qualitative and case study. This delaying habit can increase the anxiety and also the distress level of the student. It can be influenced by internal factors and also external factors. Six students from intermediate 1 and 2 levels are involved in this study. The instruments.in this study are questionnaire and interview guideline. The result shows that 5 students are indicated as procrastinators. There are 3 procrastination styles appear in this study, namely, Perfectionist, Dreamer and Over Doer Procrastination Style. In addition, the main factors which influence the procrastinator are self-efficacy and task-aversiveness. This finding confirm the previous study that the main internal factor influences academic procrastination is self-efficacy and the main external factor that influence is task aversiveness. The future study can explore the other areas academic procrastination or the treatment of procrastination


With the wide application of electronic technology, electromagnetic interference has become one of the main factors to weaken electronic system performance. In communication technology and equipment, it is the development of light-duty design, low cost, high quality electronic components and electronic system that is the main object of this study. Radio frequency MEMS devices are low energy consumption, good stability. Therefore it has a strong competitiveness in the communications electronics. But EMI electromagnetic interference problem has increasingly become prominent, and based on this, this paper makes a further study on the main electromagnetic interference electromagnetic radiation of MEMS devices. In addition, this paper also establishes the mathematical model of electromagnetic radiation. Finally this paper makes an analysis and study on the shielding effect of MEMS antenna under certain magnetic materials. Through the simulation research, it is obtained that the electromagnetic effect of electronic system MEMS is good and its highest performance is more than 60 db. Whats more, shielding materials are within the range of 15 to 20 GHZ, whose shielding effects reach the maximum. The largest is close to 80 db.


There are many choices when reporting and disclosing financial instruments under IFRS 7. Behavioral theory suggests that the label used to present a financial instrument affects investors' risk perception. We use an experimental setting to analyze how and why the European practice of reporting financial instruments by measurement categories affects the risk perception of nonprofessional investors. We find that risk perception is associated with management's choice of a measurement category. Our results imply that there should be a wider debate about possible presentation formats for financial instruments, as the current format does not necessarily ensure a neutral presentation.


Emotional competence refers to an individual's ability to recognize, understand, and manage their own emotions, as well as the emotions of others. It is a critical component of effective communication, social interaction, and overall well-being. Creativity is creating something new using existing ideas and gifting universe your own unique creation. The relationship between emotional competence and creativity has been the subject of considerable theoretical and empirical research. There are several theoretical perspectives that attempt to explain the nature of this relationship. The data in this particular study has been obtained with the help of the scales named "Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI)" and "The creativity quotient" as well as a demographic information form. Two hypotheses were tested using correlation and regression analysis, and the results showed no significant relationship between emotional competence and creativity.


Fluctuation-based proof of the stability of ac spectra of random operators on tree graphs by M. Aizenman, R. Sims, and S. Warzel Metrized graphs, Laplacian operators, and electrical networks by M. Baker and X. Faber Form factor expansion for large graphs: A diagrammatic approach by G. Berkolaiko The spectral form factor for quantum graphs with spin-orbit coupling by J. Bolte and J. Harrison Linear network models related to blood flow by R. Carlson Localization on Avron-Exner-last graphs: I. Local perturbations by K. Chen, S. Molchanov, and B. Vainberg Weighted Laplacians and the sigma function of a graph by F. Chung and R. M. Richardson Approximations of permutation-symmetric vertex couplings in quantum graphs by P. Exner and O. Turek Resistance of random Sierpinski gaskets by D. Fontaine, T. Smith, and A. Teplyaev Small diffusion asymptotics for exit problems on graphs by M. Freidlin and M. Weber Determinant of the Schrodinger operator on a metric graph by L. Friedlander Local spectral density and vacuum energy near a quantum graph vertex by S. A. Fulling What are zeta functions of graphs and what are they good for? by M. D. Horton, H. M. Stark, and A. A. Terras Fluctuation statistics for quantum star graphs by J. P. Keating Laplacians on metric graphs: Eigenvalues, resolvents and semigroups by V. Kostrykin and R. Schrader Transition from a network of thin fibers to the quantum graph: An explicitly solvable model by S. Molchanov and B. Vainberg On the limiting absorption principle and spectra of quantum graphs by B.-S. Ong Quantum mechanics, superconductivity and fluid flow in narrow networks by J. Rubinstein A relation between the bond scattering matrix and the spectral counting function for quantum graphs by H. Schanz The quantum graph as a limit of a network of physical wires by U. Smilansky and M. Solomyak On the trace formula for quantum star graphs by B. Winn.


With the growth of interest in database searching and compound selection, the quantification of chemical similarity has become an area of intense practical and theoretical interest. One of the most widely used methods of measuring chemical similarity is based on mapping fragments within a molecule as bits within a binary string. We present empirical results which suggest that bit strings provide a nonintuitive encoding of molecular size, shape, and global similarity. Other results, this time statistical in nature, suggest that the observed behavior of bit string-based searches have a large nonspecific component. On this basis, we question whether bit string-based similarity methods possess all the features desirable in a quantitative chemical distance measure or metric and suggest that there are instances when they may not be the most appropriate tool for searching or segregating chemical structures.


Environmental pollution is rising due to the excess use of fossil fuels causing severe global warming and acid rains. High market price and the limited amount of fossil fuels have caused energy crises worldwide especially in the underdeveloped countries. The huge amount of biomass organic wastes is being widely used as an alternative feedstock as a potential source for second generation biorefining process. In this research four different biomass wastes are used to investigate the yield of bio-oil and biochar using a conventional pyrolysis method. Rice husk, bagasse, sawdust (Dalbergia sisso Roxb.), and sawdust (Populus caspica Bornm.) are operated in a fixed bed reactor. The rationale of this study is to evaluate the effect of temperature on the yield of bio-oil and biochar at three different temperatures (300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C) with heating rate of 3.69 °C/min. The particle size of each biomass waste used was 0.498 mm. Sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst to enhance the rate of reaction. The proximate analysis of biomass wastes was performed in order to evaluate the moisture content, ash content, and volatile matter and fixed carbon. The results showed that with the increase of temperature, the bio-oil yield increases and biochar yield decreases. The highest yield of bio-oil (32.39%) was achieved at 500 °C from bagasse feedstock and the highest yield of biochar (37.50%) was obtained at 300 °C from rice husk feedstock.


IκB kinase (IKK) catalytic subunits play a key role in cytokinemediated nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling, and a loss of NF-κB function appears to inhibit inflammation and oncogenesis. Manumycin A is a potent and selective farnesyltransferase inhibitor with antitumor activity. We found that manumycin A caused a rapid and potent inhibition of IKK activity induced by tumor necrosis factor α in a number of cell types. Most unexpectedly, other classes of farnesyltransferase inhibitors had no inhibitory effect. To identify the molecular mechanisms of manumycin A action, cultured human HepG2 hepatoma cells were transiently transfected with various IKKα and IKKβ constructs, and a striking difference in manumycin A sensitivity was observed. Furthermore, cells expressing wild-type IKKβ and IKKβ mutated in the activation loop at Cys-179 exhibited covalent homotypic dimerization of IKKβ in response to manumycin A, whereas substitution of Cys-662 and -716 conferred protection against dimer formation. Direct inhibition of IKK activity and formation of stable IKKβ dimers were observed in the presence of manumycin A that could be blocked by dithiothreitol. IKK interaction with the adaptor protein IKKγ/NEMO was disrupted in manumycin A-treated cells. Most importantly, administration of manumycin A to mice xenografted with murine B16F10 tumors caused potent IKK-suppressive effects. Thus, manumycin A with its epoxyquinoid moieties plays an important regulatory function in IKK signaling through pathways distinct from its role as a protein farnesylation inhibitor.


Previous studies investigated various issues and concerns related to Facebook, but lacks to compare between the importance of these concerns. This study contributes in filling this research gap by (i) consolidating the key issues and concerns and confirming their importance to Facebook users, (ii) examining the relative importance ranking of these issues and concerns, and (iii) answering the question of why people keep using Facebook despite of all the concerns and issues. To fulfil the requirements of the examination, a mixed method research approach was carried out. A Web-based questionnaire was first rolled out on Facebook to solicit the needed responses from its users. The analysis results statistically verified the importance of all the issues and concerns albeit being perceived differently in importance. Privacy concerns were rated the highest among all the issues, whereas issues related to the design aspects were rated the lowest. An open-ended question followed the questionnaire, and the qualitative analysis of its replies confirmed that Facebook is an indispensable global channel of communication that cannot be easily ignored and, with the nonexistence of a better alternative, the benefits of keep using Facebook way overshadow any issues users perceive about it.


In developing an interactive system, the part of the design corresponding to the specification of the functionality is commonly directed by the requirements. The specifications of these requirements are based on templates that classify activity in a way that in most cases, developers are not conscious and therefore do not understand how wrong classification due to methodological weaknesses, affects the understanding that has the user in relation with the system he is using. An ideal situation is that the developer fully understands what the impact of wrong classification and helps him to recognize the limits to define a scope for usability, safety or any other aspect. Our proposal is to define an activity classification model and make explicit the need for it to serve as a framework to promote software quality mainly it has to do with the Human Computer Interaction (HCI).


Urbanization can drive economic growth, but it may harm the quality of the urban environment if improper actions are performed. Environmental issues resulting from urbanization can negatively impact the health of city dwellers. Therefore, studying air pollutants is crucial to urban development. In this study, we focus on Xiamen and examine the distribution patterns of urban air pollutants over an extended period of time. The goal is to enhance Xiamen's air quality and bridge the research gap in long-term air quality studies specific to Xiamen. Based on monitoring data from 2014 to 2021 spanning 8 years, this study analyzed the trends in atmospheric particulate matter (PM: PM10, PM2.5) and their relationship with meteorological factors (such as wind speed: WS, temperature: T, dew point temperature: DPT, height of the cloud ceiling: HCC) and the concentrations of other pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO, and O3). The results indicated that (1) The high air quality in Xiamen with the lowest PM values observed during summer and the highest during winter; NO2 and SO2 concentrations showed similar trends to PM, while O3 and CO concentrations varied differently. (2) In general, the maximum daily PM concentration was observed in the evening and early morning, while the lowest value appeared at noon. The concentrations of PMs were positively correlated with other pollutants, while T, WS, HCC (cloud cover of more than 70%), and DPT were negatively correlated with PM concentrations. (3) There exists a relationship between concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter, atmospheric pollutants, and meteorological factors. The wind direction had varying effects on PM concentration, with PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations showing consistent trends and higher concentrations of PMs observed when winds blew from the west, southeast, and northeast. This study also provides a summary of strategies for addressing different air pollutant distribution characteristics. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution patterns of air pollutants in Xiamen and provide valuable insights for improving the city's air quality.


This work aims to show if it is possible to perform distance measurements, complementing type Ia supernovae with the fusion of black holes. It will be evaluated if it is possible to refine the measurement of the accelerated expansion of the universe, through the detection of gravitational waves generated by the fusion of black holes and comparing them with the intrinsic luminosity of type Ia supernovae.


Background: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease. Cardiac involvement confers an elevated risk of adverse events. We aimed to examine trends of hospital admissions and cardiovascular ...


This article discusses environmental stress within an ecosystem framework as a predictor of migrant farm child abuse and neglect. Within this ecological framework, the relationship among individual, family, community, and cultural elements is reviewed as a primary etiologic factor in the maltreatment of migrant children. The article points to the need for strengthening family and neighborhood systems through changes in the educational and employment systems, in the political and social economy, and in cultural values. Such changes could turn the ecosystem risks for the migrant farm family into opportunities for growth and development.


Abstract : We are pleased to be here today to discuss the Department of Defense's (DOD) logistics reengineering initiatives and the actions we believe are needed to enhance the success of these initiatives. Logistics is an important and expensive function. The Department is using about $84 billion of its $280-billion budget this year for logistics support activities. Despite this expenditure, failing equipment and parts shortages continue to be a problem. At the same time, the Department would like to modernize its aging fleets of aircraft, ground combat vehicles, and ships, but does not have the funding it believes is necessary to accomplish this goal at the pace it believes is necessary. In recent years, a number of studies have stressed the need to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the Department's logistics processes, systems, and infrastructure to provide improved support to combat forces and to achieve savings that can be used to modernize weapon systems. Accordingly, the Department is seeking to reengineer its logistics support through various initiatives. As you requested, our testimony today focuses on (1) the Department's reengineering efforts, (2) the potential effect of the reengineering efforts on combat forces, and (3) the factors that could limit the achievement of reengineering goals. Information for this testimony is from a report we issued on June 23, 2000 dealing with the DOD reengineering initiatives.


The nasoalveolar molding (NAM) appliance has been the appliance of choice for pre-surgical orthopedics to improve nasal and lip morphology, and optimally align the alveolar segments before cheiloplasty. However, the appliance has some limitations, including its complexity and long clinical chair time for appliance adjustments. In this case report, we present a patient treated for a right complete cleft lip and palate using three types of Korat modification for NAM with a 5-year follow-up. This study demonstrated that the Korat-NAM improved the aforementioned issues and was suitable for patients at different stages before and after lip and palate repair.


This paper is a brief summary of a plenary talk held to conclude DIS12 with considerations on the future of deep inelastic scattering. It is primarily based on the perspectives which have been obtained in a few years of study on the physics and the design concepts of a second energy frontier ep and a first eA collider, the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC), which following HERA may commence operation at CERN in the early twenties.


Word and concept similarity assessment is one of the most important elements in natural language processing and information and knowledge retrieval. WordNet, as a popular concept hierarchy, is used in many such applications. Similarity of words in WordNet is also considered in recent researches. One of the new researches that uses WordNet, has calculated similarity between each two words by considering Depth of Subsumer of the words and Shortest Path between them. In this paper we have improved semantic similarity measure by modifying transfer functions of the previous research. We have tuned parameters of the transfer functions using particle swarm optimization. Based on our experimental results on a benchmark set by human similarity judgment, the resultant correlation has been improved.


This work presents a numerical and experimental methodologies specially developed for nonlinear free vibration analysis of very flexible structures. In this work, a clamped-free thin-walled metal column under the action of self-weight is investigated. This structure is characterized for presenting, in most cases, highly nonlinear responses, which can not be reproduced by conventional finite-element software due, mainly, to inertial non-linearities caused by the presence of the "softening phenomenon". This phenomenon is related to the loss of stiffness due to the influence of the self- weight together with large rotations, which are inherent to the free vibrations of columns with a high slenderness ratio, leading to important inertial non-linearities. Thus, to overcome this problem, the column is discretized as a sequence of coupled pendulums, retaining the main non-linearities of the problem. The resulting Euler-Lagrange Equations of Motion are solved by the Runge-Kutta integration technique, taking into account the inclusion of the non-linear terms associated to the stiffness of the structural system, aiming to obtain more accurate results, principally, for columns with lengths higher than the critical one. In order to verify the applicability and efficiency of the developed numerical methodology, several experimental free vibration assays were conducted considering the slender metallic column subject to its own weight, in the pre- and post-buckling regimes. As this kind of structure presents a high index of slenderness, its responses can be affected by the introduction of conventional sensors. Therefore, the developed experimental methodology is based on a computer- based vision system that integrates, on-line, the digital image acquisition and its treatment using special image processing techniques. The main characteristic of this methodology is that it performs large displacements measurements without making contact with the structure and thus, not introducing undesirable changes in its behavior, for instance, appreciable changes in mass and stiffness properties. The obtained numerical results presented excellent correlation with the experimental ones, in the pre- and post-buckling regimes, considering the "softening phenomenon".


The application cybernetics thought in the basketball tactics teaching and train, The information of feedback and analyze with control to basketball tactics theories the information and teaching method and teaching means , then advance teaching level of basketball tactics teaching and train. 


Three studies (N = 1119) were conducted to replicate and expand upon Kearney, Plax, Hays, and Ivey's seminal research on instructor misbehaviors. In study 1 (n = 233), a replication of Kearney et al.'s study revealed 43 categories of perceived instructor misbehaviors; 27 of the misbehaviors were originally identified by Kearney et al. and 16 new misbehaviors were identified in this study. In study 2 (n = 650), the Instructor Misbehavior Scale (IMS) was created to operationalize underlying dimensions of instructor misbehaviors; three dimensions (i.e., antagonism, lectures, and articulation) were uncovered through principal axis factoring. In study 3 (n = 236), a confirmatory factor analysis provided construct validity support for the three-factor IMS. Additionally, the antagonism and lectures dimensions of instructor misbehaviors were correlated negatively with student learning outcomes (i.e., affective learning, cognitive learning, state motivation, student communication satisfaction) and served as unique predictors in multiple regression analyses. Collectively, these three studies provide an updated typology along with a reliable and a valid measure of instructor misbehaviors.


In support of optimizing electrorefining technology for treating spent nuclear fuel, lithium drawdown has been investigated for separating actinides from molten salt electrolyte. Drawdown reaction selectivity is a major issue that requires investigation, since the goal is to remove actinides while leaving the fission products and other components in the salt. A series of lithium drawdown tests with surrogate fission product chlorides was run to obtain selectivity data with non-radioactive salts, develop a predictive model, and draw conclusions about the viability of using this process with actinide-loaded salt. Results of tests with CsCl, LaCl3, CeCl3, and NdCl3 are reported here. Equilibrium was typically achieved in less than 10 hours of contact between lithium metal and molten salt under well-stirred conditions. Maintaining low oxygen and water impurity concentrations (<10 ppm) in the atmosphere was observed to be critical to minimize side reactions and maintain stable salt compositions. An equilibrium model has been formulated and fit to the experimental data. Good fits to the data were achieved. Based on analysis and results obtained to date, it is concluded that clean separation between minor actinides and lanthanides will be difficult to achieve using lithium drawdown.


The fat mass and obesity associated( FTO) gene is a newly described candidate gene associated with meat quality. FTO gene can be detected in multiple tissues of different animals. The polymorphism of FTO gene is significantly associated with meat quality traits,and it may affect the fat cell differentiation or its demethylase function,thereby affecting the fat deposition. Study on the effects of FTO gene on pork quality and its molecular mechanisms can provide newstrategies for improving the pork quality. This reviewdescribed the discovery and distribution of FTO gene,the relationship between FTO gene and meat quality traits and its possible mechanism in influencing pork quality.


Abstract:According to Plato, Phronesis is the insight resulting from the knowledge of the idea of Good and a Divine Providence. In Mulla Sadra's writings, practical wisdom is more Platonic than Aristotelian. This is because the origin of practical wisdom in Mulla Sadra's philosophical system—similar to Platonic practical wisdom—has roots in a transcendental realm, which makes the two traditions of thought analogous and similar.


In situ vitrification (ISV) is a thermal waste remediation process developed by researchers at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) for stabilization and treatment of soils contaminated with hazardous, radioactive or mixed wastes. Many underground tanks containing radioactive and hazardous chemical wastes at US Department of Energy (DOE) sites will soon require remediation. Recent development activities have been pursued to determine if the ISV process is applicable to underground storage tanks. As envisioned, ISV will convert the tank, tank contents. and associated contaminated soil to a glass and crystalline block. Development activities include testing and demonstration on three scales and computational modeling and evaluation. A description of engineering solutions implemented on the field scale to mitigate unique problems posed by ISV of a confined underground structure, along with the associated computational analysis, is given in the paper.


In this work it is shown that in an elementary topos with natural number object and with internal choice, every vector space over a field is locally free.


The purpose of the article is to study the mechanism of establishment and organization of natural duties by the Russian occupation authorities in the occupied territories of Eastern Galicia and Northern Bukovyna during World War I and the attitude of the local population to the problem of performing these natural duties. The methodological basis of a scientific research is a set of general scientific and special research methods. Special historical methods characteristic of socio-economic history have been widely used: historical-comparative, retrospective, diachronic (periodization), historical-systemic, historical-typological, historical-genetic and the method of a historical economic analysis. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the following: for the first time in historiography on the materials of the archival documents, introduced by the author into a scientific circulation, there has been analysed the mechanism of natural duties (labour duties), organized by the Russian occupation


Whole body vibration training method,as a new means of training,has been developed widely in many fields in foreign countries.Preliminary application and study are being carried out in China.Based mainly on literature study,the article sums up the effects and the relative factors of the vibration training at home and abroad so as to provide reference for vibration training study and application in future.


One night in 1970 I was playing a record for some friends in my Bathurst flat. It was rather late, and about five minutes into it a call came from my next-door neighbours. I made the appropriate apology about the music being too loud: 'No, no,' they hastened to reply. 'We've been sitting up in bed listening to it - please, turn it up!'


Scheduling and allocation are very complex problems in a high-level synthesis system. It was proven, in related work, that the two are NP-complete optimization problems. The authors introduce a new global approach for scheduling and allocation. The approach uses graphs to formulate the two problems and applies a partitioning procedure on these graphs to find the minimal number of cliques. The obtained cliques correspond to the time steps in scheduling and to hardware elements required in allocation. The partitioning procedure is made more efficient by weighting the graph edges by the profit to group nodes together. The procedure was programmed in C++ and experimental results are given to show its efficiency to solve both scheduling and allocation.<<ETX>>


Analyses of scenarios of past and possible future emissions are an important aspect of assessing the potential environmental effects from aircraft, including the proposed high speed civil transport (HSCT). The development of a detailed three-dimensional database that accurately represents the integration of all aircraft emissions along realistic flight paths for such scenarios requires complex computational modeling capabilities. Such a detailed data set is required for the scenarios evaluated in this interim assessment. Within the NASA High-Speed Research Program, the Emissions Scenarios Committee provides a forum for identifying the required scenarios and evaluating the resulting database being developed with the advanced emissions modeling capabilities at the Boeing Company and McDonnell Douglas Corporation.


Metal hydrides are very much reported as a potential safe option for high-density hydrogen storage materials. A combined system of proton-exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell (PEMFC) and metal hydride (MH) tanks is designed to investigate their characteristics and performances as hydrogen storage and stable power supply system. An AB5-type (LaCe)Ni5 material containing three MH tanks is selected for investigation. Endothermic dehydrogenation of metal hydride controls the hydrogen evolution rates during a discharging period, which reduces the risk of accidents. The MH tank charged at a 20°C water bath sustains and supplies hydrogen for a longer time of 240 min. The performances of the MH tank at a water bath of 20°C and 10-bar conditions correspond to the optimum condition of hydrogen storage at the MH tank of Pragma Industries. The performances of the combined system were investigated in different working conditions. The system sustains and supplies hydrogen to PEMFC for 240, 160, 130, and 110 min for the working loads of 250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 W, accordingly. It is concluded that hydrogen consumption frequency increases for higher load demand.


The martensitic phases in stoichiometric CuZr have been investigated by SAED and HREM. Detailed diffraction tilt series reveal a superstructure of the B19' (NiTi type) unit cell to be the major phase which also exhibits multiple microtwinning within one martensite plate. In some plates evidence for the basic B19' structure is found. From HREM a confirmation of the unit cell symmetry and dimensions for the superstructure was obtained and a suggestion for the type of shuffles yielding the superstructure could be given.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report on how a grade level team in a Singapore primary school used lesson study to mediate the implementation of the English language national curriculum. It aims to explore how this process had mobilised different teachers' knowledge, challenged their beliefs of teaching and student learning, and created impact on their learning and knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach

An interpretive qualitative study using a case study methodology was employed. Data collected included participant observations and individual interviews. Transcripts of lesson study discussions were open coded for the content of teacher discourse and the sources of influences on the teachers' reasoning and action.

Findings

The findings indicate that each stage of the lesson process engaged teachers' deliberative discourse differently and constituted their building a common inquiry stance into the problem of student learning in reading and writing, moving away from a lesson-based view to embracing a curriculum-based deliberation, and challenging their shared assumptions and enabling their learning to adopt the students' lens in improving the research lesson.

Originality/value

This study provides an illustrative case on how teachers' talk about work practices in lesson study mediated teacher learning in a group context. The study established the importance of an interconnected view of teacher interaction in lesson study that factored in the consideration of the influences at the teachers' level and at the school's level that enabled and/ or impeded a broader consideration of practice and richer conditions for the mentoring of novice teachers in the team.


Mobile Ad hoc Network(MANET) is an autonomous distributed network constructed only with gathering nodes temporarily, which has no connection with existing infrastructures like Internet. In MANET, wide area communication through wireless networks is realized as nodes in the network can relay other node's data packets using a multi-hop routing protocol.In the case of wireless networks,especially in MANET,it is required to secure the data transfer by encryption because communications on wireless networks are easy to be eavesdropped and falsified in contrast to that of wired networks. We have proposed a mechanism to create and manage encrypted connections for secure communications in MANET. In this paper,we have established a communication route using OLSR as a multi-hop routing protocol, and introduced methods to control secure connections by applying IPsec as an encryption scheme.In addition,besed on the proposed method,we have implemented the acquisition mechanism of an IP address, created and reconfigured of secure connections in consideration of security problems in MANET.


This study outlines the experiences and ramifications of the use of wireless email devices within a small private equity firm. We find that the opportunity to frequently monitor and respond to email enables a sense of control over the pace and substance of information flow while the specific properties of wireless email devices provide an opportunity to control potential interruptions. This encourages a compulsive checking of email and an inability to disengage from work that is common to all users but framed as a matter of individual choice. Emerging norms reveal implicit expectations of availability and responsiveness that are in direct contrast to espoused firm values. Thus, members of an entire firm carrying a device that facilitates 'unobtrusive' access to email may unwittingly generate shared patterns of use that encourage a self-reinforcing cycle of constant communication.


Reports of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Africa remain rare and assess mostly blaOXA-48–producing isolates from Mediterranean countries and South Africa. We identified blaNDM-7–producing Enterobacteriaceae in Gabon in 2016. The isolates contained blaNDM-7 IncX3 plasmids that were unusual and similar to the one described in a colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae SZ04 isolate from China.


This paper attempts to demonstrate the need of implementing measurement solutions to surgical mechanical staplers. The object of the writing is to present a working electronic system that can be implemented in a circular surgical stapler and to bring solid conclusions after testing on animal tissue. The setup contains an Arduino-based system together with a required sensor, placed on an already existing surgical circular stapler. Measurements and results are described with the goal of defining the range of appropriate compression that can be exercised on the living tissue, without leading to side (negative) effects.


Variety description Norwest 553 is a common hard red winter wheat variety developed by Oregon State University and Nickerson U.K. in cooperation with USDA-ARS. It is an awned, short-statured, semidwarf variety with high-yield potential and good milling and baking quality. Norwest 553 is resistant to stripe rust and tolerant to Fusarium crown rot (dryland foot rot). Norwest 553 is moderately resistant to Cephalosporium stripe, powdery mildew, and Septoria leaf blotch. Norwest 553 is susceptible to strawbreaker (eyespot) footrot.


Using 99m Tc-EDTA as a non-absorbable volume marker, perfusion experiments on guinea pigs colon revealed the secretagogue effect of 0.7 mM rhein solution (circulating water increase x = + 2.8 ml/hour, SD 0.6 ml, N = 10). After omission of rhein, gallotannins in a 0.1% concentration effectively inclined the stimulated secretion, into absorption (x =-2.0 ml/hour, SD 0.4 ml, N = 4). Catechin (0.1%) had no marked effect. If a perfusion with tri-or pentagalloylglucose is preceding a rhein perfusion, the secretagogue effect of rhein is antagonised, although no absorption was detected. Catechin showed no activity. The addition of tri- or pentagalloylglucose to a rhein containing perfusate inclines significantly the observed secretion.


Date Presented 04/22/2023
 This poster will introduce the use of video modeling versus static picture schedules as an intervention for supporting participation in daily living skills for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
 Primary Author and Speaker: Alivia Cartwright
 Additional Authors and Speakers: Jeryl D. Benson, Deborah Smitsky
 Contributing Authors: Kimberly Szucs


In February of 1953, in the Lancet, Logan published a classical article in which he reported the increased mortality in London in December of 1952, during which there was an event of intense air pollutant concentrations.(1) His article outlined the first definition of air quality standards. In the late 1980s, Pope et al. published a seminal article in which they suggested that the air quality standards recommended might not suffice to protect the health of the most susceptible segments of the population, such as the very young and the elderly, as well as individuals who suffer from cardiovascular diseases.(2) In 2002, a publication in the Journal of the American Medical Association demonstrated that chronic exposure to air pollutants reduces life expectancy significantly due to an excessive number of cases of lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular diseases.(3) At the end of 2006, the World Health Organization recommended more strict air quality standards, recognizing that air pollution was responsible for over two million deaths per year worldwide. Although environmental laws in Brazil are quite modern regarding the preservation of remote areas, they are antiquated in terms of preserving and improving air quality in large urban centers. Brazilian air quality standards are based on knowledge available in the early 1990s, when less than 10% of the studies on air pollution and human health had been published. It is as though there is a 'disconnect' between human health and environmental policy. Inasmuch as I recognize that the preservation of our natural heritage is vital, it seems inconceivable to me that that the issue of human health is not a priority as well. Various studies conducted in Brazil have linked air pollution to excessive morbidity and mortality. In this issue of the Brazilian Journal of Pulmonology, Mascarenhas et al.(4) present findings that corroborate the association between high levels of air pollution caused by biomass burning and an increase in the number of respiratory disease-related emergency room visits in the city of Rio Branco, located in the state of Acre. Simultaneously, there has been an unprecedented increase in the size of the Brazilian automotive fleet, a lack of consistent policies regarding the improvement of collective transportation and a lack of attempts to improve the quality of fuel, as well as the proliferation of sugar cane field burn-offs in various parts of the country. I believe it to be our duty to call attention to the consequences that this situation has for human health and to attempt to create a 'climate' in which decisions on issues such as air pollutant emissions will the health of the population into consideration. The manifestations of the adverse effects of air pollutants are more intense in children and in the elderly, as well as in individuals who suffer from chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, especially in the most disadvantaged socioeconomic segments. This is the sort of situation in which those who suffer the most are precisely those who contribute the least to the problem (pollutant emissions), creating a context of environmental injustice, for which there is no ethical or moral justification. I hereby invite pulmonologists to reflect on this issue, which has such a direct effect on the lives of their patients. Only by soliciting the joint efforts of those who know the needs of patients with respiratory diseases regarding their right to a dignified life can we champion for those who are unable to defend themselves.


The role of Src-homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 in signaling and tumorigenesis of basal type/triple negative breast cancer Fatimah Matalkah Basal type/triple negative breast cancer (BTBC) represents a distinct tumor group that is characterized by an aggressive disease phenotype and poor clinical outcome. Patients with this subtype cannot benefit from the available anti-hormone and anti-HER2 targeted therapies (e.g. tamoxifen and herceptin). Therefore, characterizing potential therapeutic targets is urgently needed. We reasoned that the Src-homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) could serve as a therapeutic target in BTBC, because of its critical regulation of epidermal growth factor recptor (EGFR) which is overexpressed in BTBC. Here, we demonstrated that SHP2 knockdown in BTBC cell lines suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and transformation. Furthermore, inhibition of SHP2 decreased the level of MMP9 in the conditioned media as shown by zymography and affected the invasive phenotype of BTBC cell lines in 3D matrigel. Most importantly, the results obtained from xenografts confirm that SHP2 plays an important role in the maintenance and progression of BTBC development and lung metastasis. Mechanistically, SHP2 depletion resulted in less-sustained EGF-induced Ras activation and decreased β-catenin level, the latter of which resulted in an increase in p27 level. Taken together, these observations suggest that SHP2 plays essential roles in the development of BTBC and provide a rationale for targeting SHP2 in BTBC.


BACKGROUND
Periodontitis in adolescents has historically been rare in the Nordic countries but could be expected to increase due to changes in demographics. The primary aim was to cross-sectionally examine the presence of radiographic bone loss in adolescents in Västerbotten County, Sweden. The secondary aim was to compare periodontal and microbial parameters, as well as demographic patterns, in controls without bone loss with cases with bone loss.

METHODS
Adolescents born 2001 and who had a dental examination 2016 (n = 1656) were screened for proximal bone loss using bitewing radiographs taken during dental examinations (2014-2016). Individuals that exhibited proximal bone loss (> 2 mm) were invited to participate in a complete periodontal examination. Subgingival plaque and saliva were also sampled. For each adolescent with bone loss, two healthy individuals as controls were examined. Selected bacterial species in saliva and subgingival plaque were quantitatively examined by quantitative PCR. The subgingival plaque samples were also analysed with cultivation technique.

RESULTS
Proximal bone loss was identified in 24 individuals (1.45%) based on all the radiographs. Thirteen of these cases were periodontally examined and matched with 26 controls. Most cases were diagnosed with periodontitis (12/13 [92%]), whereas none of the controls had periodontitis. Higher concentrations and higher prevalence of the bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Filifactor alocis were generally found in the cases.

CONCLUSION
The results suggest that periodontitis among adolescents, because of demographic differences (an increasingly heterogenous population), in Sweden is increasing and emphasizes the importance of radiographs for early detection of this disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The objective of this study was to determine whether turtles reared for a period after hatching have the willingness to migrate offshore. In order to do this, the swimming behavior of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) reared for 28 to 56 days was monitored after their release from the beach. Eggs of green turtles laid on the beaches were collected and buried into an artificial beach. After their emergence, the turtles were reared for 28 to 56 days in containers. Six active and healthy looking turtles were selected and we tracked them after release from the beach. After release, the experimental turtles moved to the north, but their movements were meandering. Moreover, one turtle temporarily drifted onto the beach due to ocean current. The mean speed of movement was 0.75 ± 0.11 km/h. The distance from the beach during the experiment period was 1467 ± 460 m. Their movement speeds were significantly slower than those of frenzy turtle reported in previous studies. In conclusion, the results of the study indicated that the turtles reared for longer periods may not be able to migrate offshore as effectively as if they were released naturally from the beach.


In a world where sharing information and ideas openly is becoming the norm, government is still not fully realising the benefits of information on demand services.


In previous research, the pine wood nematode Bxadh2 gene significantly increased its expression in pine seedlings inoculated with endophytic Bacillus cereus GD2 and pine wood nematode. To explore pine wood nematode Bxadh2 gene function, we cloned and analyzed its biological information, and we preliminarily studied its physiological function through RNA interference. We found that the Bxadh2 gene's full CDS length is 1269 bp, which encodes 422 amino acids, and presents a relatively stable hydrophobic protein. The protein encoded by the Bxadh2 gene has no signal peptide or transmembrane structure, and it is an intracellular protein that does not participate in transmembrane movement. The RNAi interference results showed that when the pine wood nematode's Bxadh2 gene was suppressed, its survival rate and fecundity significantly decreased, indicating that the expression of the Bxadh2 gene was related to the growth and development of pine wood nematodes.


Early in 1994 a bimodal (power and propulsion) reactor concept that made use of two different fuel types was identified. UN pin fuel was selected for long lifetime to produce electricity, and UO{sub 2}-W cermet was selected for short-time high-temperature propulsion. During the last year the concept has been refined and analyzed as part of the DOE contribution to the joint Air Force Phillips Laboratory-Department of Energy Bimodal Program. With the exception of refractory metal vacuum gaps between the components containing hydrogen propellant and the refractory metal components containing lithium, and high temperature liquid metal-gas heat exchangers, the concept identified as Nuclear Engine for Bimodal Applications (NEBA)-3 uses previously developed and demonstrated technologies, including high efficiency closed Brayton cycle turboalternator-compressors for power production. Using near-term technology NEBA-3 can, as an upper stage to an Atlas IIAS launch vehicle, provide propulsion with specific impulse of about 850 seconds at thrusts of 90 to 925 Newtons, and 10 kilowatts of electricity for ten years. Based on previous cost estimates by DOE and NASA, a minimum program could deliver a flight system such as NEBA-3 within six years at a cost of from $500 to $700 million. The US space reactor power andmore » propulsion community now has the technical capability to deliver such a system early in the next century.« less


Magnetic clouds observed between 1995 and 2003 are fitted using force‐free cylindrical flux rope models. The cloud parameters yielded by a static model are compared with those obtained from a modified model that includes magnetic cloud expansion. The deviations of these fits from measurements are quantified and compared with parameters measured by Wind. The comparison reveals that the model with expansion provides better fits for larger expansion speeds and for magnetic clouds observed close to their axis. We conclude that expansion of magnetic clouds plays an important role in the MC evolution and should be accounted in space weather models.


Positive semi-definite expressions for the time-domain macroscopic energy density in passive, spatially nondispersive, dipolar continua are derived from the underlying microscopic Maxwell equations satisfied by classical models of discrete bound dipolar molecules or inclusions of the material or metamaterial continua. The microscopic derivation reveals two distinct positive semi-definite macroscopic energy expressions, one that applies to diamagnetic continua and another that applies to paramagnetic continua. The diamagnetic dipoles are "unconditionally passive" in that their Amperian magnetic dipole moments are zero in the absence of applied fields. The analysis of paramagnetic continua, whose magnetization is caused by the alignment of randomly oriented "permanent" Amperian magnetic dipole moments that dominate any induced diamagnetic magnetization, is greatly simplified by first proving that the microscopic power equations for rotating "permanent" Amperian magnetic dipoles (which are shown to not satisfy unconditional passivity) reduce effectively to the same power equations obeyed by rotating unconditionally passive magnetic-charge magnetic dipoles. The difference between the macroscopic paramagnetic and diamagnetic energy expressions is equal to a "hidden energy" that parallels the hidden momentum often attributed to Amperian magnetic dipoles. The microscopic derivation reveals that this hidden energy is drawn from the reservoir of inductive energy in the initial paramagnetic microscopic Amperian magnetic dipole moments. The macroscopic, positive semi-definite, time-domain energy expressions are applied to lossless bianisotropic media to determine the inequalities obeyed by the frequency-domain bianisotropic constitutive parameters. Subtleties associated with the causality as well as the group and energy-transport velocities for diamagnetic media are discussed.


This paper attempts to study the nature of the relationship between the cooperation of tourism actors in the form of a cluster and good territorial governance, through, first, the presentation of a literature review that deals with the different facets of this issue, and secondly, an exploratory qualitative study with tourism stakeholders in the city of Tangier, in order to assess the perception of stakeholders on the role that the tourism cluster could play as much as a territorial governance structure of the tourism sector of the city of Tangier.