The wadi Issil originates in the High Atlas of Marrakesh, at altitudes above 2000 m. The mountainous part of the watershed is characterized by significant slopes, a low-permeable bedrock and a widespread dense hydrographic network.Concerning precipitation, the upstream stations of the basin record heavy and high rainfall levels. The average value e.g. in Agaiouar is approximately 582 mm a year, which is close to what can be found in sub-humid lands.This hydrogeomorphic and rainfall situation is conducive to the development of sudden and very fast floods. The recently opened hydrometric station of Ait Bouzguia has recorded some floods over the last years with a fast rising time (from 1h15 to 1h30). Using the data recording at the station of Ouagjdite, located upstream of the basin, response times of 2h30 were collected. These short periods pose a major risk as they do not allow a prediction of such floods in due time.These types of flood are renown for their infrastructure damages in Marrakesh, especially in areas near the wadi Issil. They often lead to substantial costs and sometimes the loss of human lives. Wadi's overflow phenomenon is also exacerbated by numerous rubble or household waste, being abandoned on the stream bed. These waste materials shrink the wadi's section and reduce its conveyance


which sucked air into the operating theatres from the surrounding corridors and wards, was replaced by a plenum or positive-pressuresystem of ventilation. It has been shown elsewhere,however, that provided a plenum ventilating systemis used, the reduction of colony counts of theatre air, which usually are between10 and 20 per cubic foot, has no effect on the wound sepsisrate. Apparently air-borne infection plays little part in the genesisof wound infection, provided (i) a positive-pressure systemof ventilation is used and (ii) air for this system is drawn from the atmospheresome distance from the ground and wards, preferably from the roof. Of course, the patient himself may be the source of the infection. Ir that is so, organisms may be derived from (a) bacteriremia, (b) the surrounding skin, (c) clething or ward blankets. One would expect blood-borne infection, if it occurred, to have approximatelythe samefrequencyas the infection rate of closed fractures. Certainly the closed fracture produces as much heematomaand soft-tissue damage as does the usual type of operation,and could be regardedas an ideal pabulum for organismsdepositedfrom the bloodstream. Just what the infection rate of closed fractures is I do not know and a have not been able to determine, but it must be infinitesimal. Of one thing I am sure, that it must not approach the infection rate of surgical wounds. Further,surgeryis not performedin the presence of demonstrable infection elsewhere in the body, so that the rate must be further substantially reduced. I believe that this type of infection, if it does occur, can be discountedas contributing significantly to the general infection rate. Blankets from the wardsshould be barred from the operating theatres, and proper attire for the patient insisted upon. I was promptedby the commentof an anessthettst, about to anresthetizea patient whose limb had been wrapped in sterile towels after a ward preparationof the skin, to inquire into the efficacy of such a procedure. The aneesthetlstmade the comment that it appearedto be a lot of trouble and discomfort for the patient for so little value. During the latter part of 1958, investigation of the efficacy of skin sterilization procedureshas been carried out in the orthopeedte unit of the Royal North Shore Hospital. The preparation of the patient's skin for operation in this unit is carried out, first, by shaving the part as necessaryand instructing the patient to bathe. This is carried out 48 hours prior to operation. After this a skin preparation is carried out by a nurse who is gowned and maskedand has "scrubbedup". A sterile drawsheetis laid underneaththe patient'slimb, which is then swabbedwith the use of a no-touch technique,with: (1) ether soap, (ii) sterile water, (iii) 70% alcohol, (tv) skin ether.


The background of writing this thesis is the rampant of accusation divorce of wife to their husband in Religious Court Kajen. In general, divorce occurs because there is unresponsibility from husband to their wife. The issues raised in this research are how (1) the existence of TKW according to Islamic law and Indonesian law, (2) the factors become TKW (3) cause of accusation divorce. (4) the impact of the wife become a TKW in the family. And the results showed that (1) the background of the accusation divorce is caused mainly from low socio-economic families. (2) The factors become TKW caused by lack of economy, follow the footsteps of local community, ease of procedure to become TKI, want to get more big salary (3) the factors causing accusation divorce generally domination reason lack of responsibility husband, husband have another woman. (4) the impact of wife become a TKW will affect the child and husband. The benefits of this research are expected to contribute case insights and contribute more information on the practices of Islamic Law and Indonesian law, especially accusation divorce of migrant workers. This research is expected to be a scientific reference material for researchers about the factors causing divorce.


Effective collaboration requires the creation and maintenance of common ground understandings (Clark, 1992). This is an especially interesting problem in the case of intercultural collaboration, where communicative conventions may not be shared. However, intercultural collaboration often takes place in professionally relevant material settings and among people who share professional competence. In this paper we show how Japanese airline pilots and American flight instructors overcome pronounced differences in language and culture and achieve effective collaboration. They do this by drawing on a rich body of shared professional pilot culture and by exploiting richly multimodality situated communication practices to produce common ground understandings.

As part of a multi-year multicultural study of the roles of language and culture in flight deck operations (Nomura, et al., 2006; Hutchins, et al. 2006), we observed training events at Boeing training center in Renton , WA. in 2005. We observed and recorded training courses for 40 hours in which Japanese pilots received training from American flight instructors. The flight training was conducted in a B777 and a B767 full-flight simulator.

Our exposition is incremental. First, we examine the speaking practices of the participants, showing how all parties engage in recipient design (Sacks, 1974), adapting their language production to render their spoken utterances more interpretable to their interlocutors. Next we examine the bodily techniques of the pilots and instructors, showing how body orientation, eye gaze, facial expression, and hand gestures enact shared understandings of aircraft movement and pilot actions. The juxtaposition of bodily techniques with culturally meaningful objects in the flight deck is an especially important semiotic device the American instructor when offering explanations and advice to Japanese pilots with limited English skills. All participants in this study share technical knowledge as pilots, similar flight experience, and the social and physical context of the simulator. When they have problems producing meaningful utterances, they use other representations to facilitate mutual understanding. We show how some iconic and environmentally coupled gestures (Goodwin, 2000) carry both a conceptual referent and an implicit point of view, and note how fluidly communicators can switch among meanings and points of view. We then show how speaking practices and bodily techniques combine in complex multimodal acts of meaning making. Here we focus on three phenomena: how elements of previous multimodal enactments are re-used by later speakers (Goodwin, in press), how the creation of multimodal expressions enacts joint reasoning processes, and finally how the multimodal enactment of imaginary or fictional processes contributes to shared understandings.

The kinds of multimodal performances that we describe in this paper are also observed in many other intercultural settings. The general argument here is that the richer the context, the easier it will be to produce intersubjective understanding in intercultural interactions.

References:

Clark, H. H.: Arenas of Language Use. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL (1992)

Goodwin, C.: Action and Embodiment within Situated Human Interaction, Journal of Pragmatics, Vol. 32 (2000) 1489-1522

Goodwin, C.: Human Sociality as Mutual Orientation in a Rich Interactive Environment: Multimodal Utterances and Pointing in Aphasia. N. J. Enfield and S. C. Levinson (ed.) Roots of Human Society. Berg, New York, NY (in press) 97-125

Hutchins, E., Nomura, S., and Barbara Holder.: The Ecology of Language Practices in Worldwide Airline Flight Deck Operations. Proceedings of CogSci2006 (2006) 363-368

Nomura, S., Hutchins, E., and Holder, B.: The Uses of Paper in Commercial Airline Flight Operations, Proc. of CSCW2006 (2006) 249-258

Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A., and Jefferson, G.: A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-Taking for Conversation. Language 50 (1974) 696-735


There have been several proposals to the effect that special service decisions could be based, at least in part, on the construct of response to intervention and not necessarily on traditional child measures. Single-case designs that focus on intervention response and intensity are reviewed as a potential evaluation framework for interdisciplinary teams to help answer special services resource questions. Increasing-intensity designs are based on sequential intervention trials ordered on a continuum that builds in intensity. Decreasing-intensity designs start with more comprehensive or multicomponent interventions and intervention facets that are systematically withdrawn so that interventions become more natural and ecologically sustainable. The advantages and challenges associated with these designs for use in special education eligibility decisions are discussed as models for child evaluation in schools.


The development of smart communities has diversified not only service execution platforms but also the resolvers of multiple service requirements, each of which has different requirements in terms of processing delay, anonymity, computational cost, the amount of data at a given level of granularity, etc. To meet these requirements, an infrastructure that easily performs service migration and provides services with the correct processing nodes using IP-independent distributed processing methods such as Authorized Stream Contents Analysis (ASCA) is becoming a pressing need of smart communities. ASCA is an advanced method of analyzing packet streams and filtering necessary packet streams according to the marker tags in the contents of the streams under the Opt-In manner. Moreover, smart communities require that every service be able to perform ASCA and gather necessary data because of the diversified nature of the services. Consequently, in this paper, we have implemented a service infrastructure using a Docker container that facilitates service migration and provides services with a common Application Programming Interface (API) using ASCA. The API provides a process throughput of over 60 Gbps on a Docker container using Zero-Copy mechanism.


Date of Award 12-2013 Access Control Open Access Degree Name Art Education (K-12), M.S.Ed. Department Art Education Department Advisor Shirley Hayes Department Home page http://arteducation.buffalostate.edu/ Abstract This qualitative action research study explored the benefits of using humor and aspects of play as teaching strategies in the art classroom. This study was conducted in a small Catholic elementary school located in Western New York. One sixth grade class, composed of nine students, participated in this study. Data was collected and analyzed a period of ten weeks. Conducted through the theory of constructivism, students were engaged and encouraged to construct deep understandings of important concepts in the art classroom through the tools of humor and play. My focus was how the students' perceived humor and play in the classroom, how humor and play could be used to assist in instruction, and what I, and perhaps other teachers, learn from this inclusion as the art teacher. I collected data through field notes, observations, class dialogue, questionnaires, and student artwork. After consistently reading through and triangulating the data, I formed groups of categories which became my findings, which include: humor and play generate motivation and engagement in students, humor and play function as teaching tools, and kid culture is important to incorporate in the classroom.


The effect of ion implantation on the LiNbO{sub 3} crystal is studied using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). EPR measurements on these crystals were performed as a function of ion species Mn and Fe and fluence at room temperature. Also the effect of the laser illumination on the EPR signal was determined by illuminating the crystal in situ and measuring the decay and growth of the EPR signal. LiNbO{sub 3}:Mn{sup 2+} at a depth of approximately 200 nm was formed by implantation of 2.5 {times} 10{sup 14} Mncm{sup 2} and 1 {times} 10{sup 17} Mn/cm{sup 2} at 2 MeV. The implanted samples were compared with bulk doped crystals. It was found that the decay and growth of Mn EPR for the implanted crystal is very small compared with the bulk doped LiNbO{sub 3}:Mn crystal. This was found to be primarily due to the spin concentration on the crystals. On the other, hand the decay time of the high fluence is about 40% slower than the decay of the low fluence implanted crystal.


Maximal gastric secretion was measured in controls and patients with duodenal ulcer from the Sudan and the U.K. Males from the U.K. were found to secrete significantly more than females in each gro...


Abstract Quenching with aqueous polymer solutions has some distinct advantages over classical oil quenching. Among these are the good environmental properties and the possibility to adjust the quenching performance between oil and water quenching. Nevertheless, critical aspects must also be taken into account. When quenching steel parts with polymer solutions, "explosion-like" phenomena can occur, often accompanied by large cooling rate changes. These "explosions" can lead to pressure waves and vibrations in the quenching tank, which in the long run can even destroy weld seams of the quenching tank. In the framework of a research project, experimental investigations were carried out in a laboratory quenching bath and in an industrial quenching tank. The polymer type, the type of incident flow, the flow velocity, the bath temperature and the size of the test shafts were varied. Near-surface temperature measurements inside the shafts were performed to characterize the resulting quenching processes. Simultaneously, electrical conductivity measurements and audio and video recordings were made to localize insulating films on the surface and their collapse. To systematize and characterize the large number of measurement results, characteristic types of cooling processes and characteristic numbers for their characterization were defined and will be presented in this paper.


Adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer centers on the 5% to 15% of patients able to undergo a potentially curative resection. This translates to up to 4,500 patients per year in the United States. The patterns of failure after this type of resection clearly call for a need to address both the high risk for distant as well as local regional recurrence. A number of randomized trials can be reviewed to assess the effectiveness of adjuvant therapy. To date, chemotherapy alone has not been shown to be effective. Among postoperative adjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) studies, the following can be said:


The invention discloses a light running shoe with a novel structure. The light running shoe comprises a shoe sole and a shoe upper. The shoe upper is connected with the shoe sole, a plurality of elliptical through holes which are through in the left-right directions are formed in the shoe sole, are arranged along the length direction of the shoe sole at intervals and are forwardly obliquely distributed, and strip-shaped through openings which are communicated with the ground are formed in the inner bottoms of the elliptical through holes and are positioned in a foot sole area. The light running shoe has the advantages that the elliptical through holes are formed in the shoe sole and are arranged along the length direction of the shoe sole at intervals, and damping and resilience effects of the running shoe can be greatly improved owing to the shape and the forwardly oblique distribution design of each elliptical through hole; the through holes which are flat are easy to deform under the effect of external force, and accordingly the light running shoe can deform freely.


Rice production in the Mekong Delta region accounts for more than 50% of Vietnam's total paddy production and 90% of its rice export volume. Therefore, increasing the efficiency of rice production systems and enhancing the comparative advantage of Vietnam's rice industry have been an important focus area for policy makers and researchers for many years. Access to credit has been identified as a key factor for improving rice production. This fact is validated in this study by considering the production and technical efficiency levels of rice production for a sample of farmers in the Mekong Delta. The study focuses particularly on the effects of both formal and informal credits on production levels and production efficiency by using a Stochastic frontier analysis and a quantile regression. By using the data from survey 300 rice production farmers in Mekong Delta in 2014, the results confirm the positive influence of credit on production and production efficiency. Both formal and informal credit appears to be important. The findings also imply that in order to improve the rice production outcomes, various possibles policy recommendation needed to be considered such as expansion of rura l credit systems, establishment more branches of agricultural and community banks, settlement the savings mobilization programmes and provision the "credit plus" services to the banks customers.


In the search for ever more subtle reservoirs we often deal with hydrocarbon deposits, where the thickness of individual layers is below the seismic tuning thickness. Several methods were developed in the time and frequency domain to circumvent or go below this fundamental limitation of the seismic method. In this paper we investigate properties of the Wigner-Ville (WVD) time-frequency distribution, and especially of the cross-terms. We start with the mathematical definition of the WVD and investigate cross-term properties for two Gaussian time signals. We then examine the WVD of a wedge model and find that the cross-term shows variations even if the wedge thickness is below the tuning limit. We concentrate on the time location of the first-order minimum of the WVD cross-term which indicates the centre of the wedge even below the tuning thickness. Subsequently we apply this property for thin layer identification in a real seismic example. We conclude that tracking the location of the first-order minimum of the WVD cross-term can indicate the existence of layers below the tuning thickness in seismic data, and locate the mid-point between the top and base of the tuned layer.


Lepton flavor violation (LFV) is one of the most trending topics to probe new physics (NP). The powerful accelerators have enhanced their intensities to observe the LFV decays very precisely. In this situation, the theorists are also interested in studying these decays in various NP models and in model-independent ways to get precise results. Motivated by these results we have studied [Formula: see text] decays in non-universal [Formula: see text] model. Here, we have structured the two-fold angular distribution of the decays in terms of transversity amplitudes and the transversity amplitudes are formed with NP Wilson coefficients. The variation of the branching ratios and forward–backward asymmetries show the sensitivity of NP. The observables calculated in this work are very interesting and might provide a new way towards NP.


Analysis of geophysical logs recorded during Leg 109 of the Ocean Drilling Program within the interval 112-606 m below seafloor (mbsf) in DSDP Hole 395A provides a detailed look at crustal properties in relatively young (7.3 Ma) oceanic crust produced at the slow-spreading mid-Atlantic Ridge. Based on log response, the interval can be divided into two sections. Above 500 m, occasional high densities, velocities, and resistivities indicate the presence of thin flow units, of which the intervals 184-192 and 194-202 mbsf are prominent examples. Otherwise this upper section is composed of a series of thick pillow units, characterized by high porosities and low velocities and resistivities near their tops, with steadily decreasing porosities and increasing velocities and resistivities with depth. These trends, primarily observed in the phyric units, delineate the boundaries between the chemical units identified in the cores. Porosity in the uppermost section varies between core values of less than 5% and estimates from sonic measurements of more than 20%. Below 500 m, velocities and resistivities are quite high and uniform, and porosities are low. This lower unit has an average compressional velocity of 5.12 km/s and shear velocity average of 2.73 km/s; Vp/Vs averages 1.88, suggesting the presence of many microcracks. The average porosity in this lower interval is less than 10%. Gamma activity is very low throughout the basement section. However, systematic variations in potassium correlate with porosity in the shallower section. Although the presence of a ~150-m-thick Layer 2A cannot be ruled out on the basis of these measurements, the similarity between average core velocities and seismic velocities measured nearby, which do not show this layer, suggests that it is not present, or if present is laterally discontinuous. Finally, the systematics of differences between porosities determined from resistivity and velocity suggest that large-scale porosity in situ is electrically discontinuous, and implies that high permeabilities are constrained to narrow zones in the crust.


Highly enantioselective rhodium-catalyzed nitroallylations of arylboronic acids and arylzinc chlorides with cyclic nitroallyl acetates are described. Catalyst screening indicated that the rhodium complex of [Rh(OH)(COD)]2 and optically pure binap is the optimal catalyst for the nitroallylation of arylboronic acids with 2-nitrocyclohex-2-enyl esters, providing good yields and high enantioselectivities of up to 99 % ee. The rhodium complex prepared from Rh(acac)(C2H4)2 and (R)-binap efficiently catalyzed the nitroallylation of arylzinc chlorides with 2-nitrocyclohex-2-enyl acetate at 0 °C in high yields of up to 93 % and with high enantioselectivities of up to 96 % ee. A number of synthetically useful intermediates with high optical purity were prepared with this reaction as starting point: concise total syntheses of optically pure (+)-β-lycorane in 53 % overall yield and of (+)-γ-lycorane in 52 % overall yield were achieved by commencing with the asymmetric nitroallylation of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylzinc chloride with 2-nitrocyclohex-2-enyl acetate. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)


Based on the present problems of distributor of PG116 vacuum filter during the course of usage, the authors searched for optimization control parameter from discovery, improved distributor of vacuum filter It meets the need of production and gains better economic effect


The invention provides an ethylene-porous film production process of a multilayer polytetrafluoroethylene containing two or more layers an average pore diameter different, the method is as follows: Ethylene fine fluoro poly liquid hwaltak more than one type of agent, each mixture tetra a powder was filled to be distinguished from the interior of the cylinder of the extrusion mold; A powder paste-was extruded to form a multi-layer extrudate, and optionally rolled; Removal of the liquid from the bow takje multilayer extrudate or the rolled multilayer extrudate non-one to give the sintered multi-layer structure, and then; By heating at a temperature above the melting point of the ethylene-fluoro-sintered to the sintered multi-layer structure polytetramethylene half-ratio to obtain a sintered multilayer structure, and; Then, the half-height thereby a sintered multi-layer structure with at least uniaxially. Also, the half that may be used as intermediates for the process - there is described an ethylene multi-layer structure with a sintered polytetrafluoroethylene.


In waters, dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous mixture
of individual organic compounds, and humic substances (HS,
about 70 % of DOM) that are products of humification process
that forms HS from dead organic matter. In our previous in
vitro study, we described the interaction (positive or
negative) of various DOM/HS samples with aryl hydrocarbon
receptor (AhR, also known as dioxin receptor). In this paper,
we summarize our new findings on interaction of both AhR-active
and -inactive DOM/HS with various persistent organic pollutants
(POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated
dioxin and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and their
mixtures. Results have shown mostly enhancement or no change of
AhR-mediated activity of POPs if co-exposed with DOM/HS.
Possible interpretation of the observed results will be
discussed. This research has been supported by project GACR
525/08/P464.


Abstract : The objectives of this work are to (1) incorporate existing geological, geophysical and geoacoustic data into a seabed properties model applicable to the SWA06 experiment region, and (2) geologically interpret additional chirp seismic data to be collected as part of SWA06 (Altan Turgut, PI), and incorporate into existing interpretation based on analysis of the ONR Geoclutter program.


Infertility is an outbreak phenomenon in the world and the outbreak of it is increasing. The anti-sperm antibodies (ASA) are one of the causes of infertility and the resultant infertility of them is called immunologic infertility. The ASA are present at the normal level in the circulating blood, but the higher level of them is harmful for the sperm cells and leads to the lower fertility potential. The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is a strong structure which protects sperm cells from the adverse effects of ASA and any change in this barrier interrupts the fertilization and fertility. In general, any factor that causes the contact between the ASA and sperm cells, leads to the lower fertility and even infertility. In this review, we investigated the role of the BTB in protection of sperm cells and the negative effects of ASA on the spermatozoa in preand post-fertilization steps.


Human concern of leaders in enterprises to female employees is mainly embodied as cultivation according to needs,no sexual harassment,equal recruitment and extra consideration in special period.


Thermodynamic bulk phase diagrams have become the roadmap used by researchers to identify alloy compositions and process conditions that result in novel materials with tailored microstructures. Recent experimental studies show that changes in the alloy composition can drive not only transitions in the bulk phases present in a material, but also in the concentration and type of defects they contain. Defect phase diagrams in combination with density functional theory provide a natural route to study these chemically driven defects. Our results show, however, that direct application of thermodynamic approaches can fail to reproduce the experimentally observed defect formation. Therefore, we extend the concept to metastable defect phase diagrams to account for kinetic limitations that prevent the system from reaching equilibrium. We successfully applied this concept to explain the formation of large concentrations of planar defects in supersaturated Fe-Nb solid solutions and to identify in a joint study with experiments conditions in Mg-Al-Ca alloys for defect phase occurrence. The concept offers new avenues for designing materials with tailored defect structures.


This paper discusses the exemption of Article 101 TFEU to agreements within a group of entities. This privilege, as often called, has traditionally rested on two pillars: the control that one party possesses over the other, and the absence of market independence between the parties. The 2018 decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Ecoservice, followed in France with AgriMer seems to disregard that second element, with the effect of substantially expanding the scope of the exemption. The paper questions whether Ecoservice intended to change the law in that regard and argues for maintaining the prohibition to certain intragroup situations.


The electric field in a plasma jet is measured spectroscopically utilizing the Stark-effect. A cold atmospheric pressure helium plasma jet is used, which operates at a μs-pulsed applied voltage of 6 kV, a frequency of 5 kHz and with a helium flow of 1.5 slm. Due to the electric field in the jet, the forbidden and allowed bands of the emission spectrum shift. This is called the Stark-effect. The spectrum of both the He I 492.2 nm line and the He I 447.1 nm line are obtained with an iCCD-camera coupled to a monochromator. From the peak-to-peak wavelength difference between the allowed and forbidden band, the electric field in the jet is calculated. The electric field is determined both inside and outside the capillary of the jet, up to 2 cm in the effluent of the jet. Furthermore, the electric field in the jet is determined, while a target is placed close to the end of the capillary. Grounded and non-grounded, conducting and insulating targets are used and placed at different distances.


Extraction Anne Schiller Rank Xerox Research Centre 38240 Meylan, France email@example.com Abstract. The paper describes a tool for noun phrase mark-up based on nite-state techniques and statistical part-of-speech disambiguation. We illustrate the proceeding by examples from realizations for seven languages (Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish).


Resonant clock distribution with distributed LC oscillators is promising to reducing clock power and jitter noise. Yet the difficulty in the integration of on-chip inductors still limits its application in practice. This paper resolves such a key issue with sub-50 µm magnetic inductors, which are fully compatible with the CMOS process. These inductors leverage soft magnetic coils to achieve inductances up to 4nH, Q-factor of 3 at 1 GHz with a device diameter of only 30–50 µm, resulting in area savings of nearly 100X as compared to conventional design. The latency and noise performance of the resonant clock network is demonstrated to be comparable to those using conventional inductors without soft magnetic materials. In addition, inductors with integrated magnetic materials significantly reduce mutual coupling and eddy current loss in the power grid below the clock network. These design advantages enable high density of on-chip distributed oscillators, providing better phase averaging, lower power and superior noise characteristics as compared to traditional buffer-tree based clock network.


Cheshire is adapting the DTp Routine Maintenance Management System (RMMS) to County use. Benefits are excepted to be an increased resource to apply to works supervision and quality control, improved input to budget allocations and to policy, the introduction of performance monitoring and a more rapid response to contract preparation in compliance with competition regulations


. The problem of estimation of the true value of the length at which 50 % of fish or crustacean individuals are sexually mature is considered for the case when maturity indicators are absent in a part of mature individuals. As a means to solve this problem, it is proposed to use three-parameter models similar to traditionally used two-parameter ones, defined by a logistic function or the normal probability integral. In this case, the third parameter is the estimation of the fraction of mature individuals that present discernible maturity indicators. Based on the data from literature sources, it is shown that, in such cases, the three-parameter logistic model in the add-on package drc for the open-source environment R can be used. As the input data for the estimation, the published data on female individuals of such species of aquatic living organisms as tiger prawn Penaeus semisulcatus (De Haan, 1844) and wide-eyed flounder Bothus podas (Delaroche, 1809) have been used. In some cases, in order to compare the results, the estimation has also been done using the conventional method, involving linear approximation of the logistic function with application of the software package SPSS. It was concluded that, when the parameter defining the upper asymptote deviates from 1 in a statistically significant manner, it is expedient to use the aforementioned three-parameter model. However, when this parameter does not deviate from 1 in such a way, it is advisable to use the two-parameter model, defining this parameter as a fixed value equal to 1.


Based on the premise that parasites indirectly influence literally all of the main processes that otherwise underlie the domestication syndrome, it is hypothesised here that endoparasites (helminths and protozoa) have played an important mediating role in the process of (proto)domestication. The hypothesis predicts that the frequency of domestication syndrome traits such as tameness, depigmentation, mottling, piebaldism, floppy ears, short and curled tail, reduced size of the adrenal gland, etc. in the (wild) population increases i) with decreasing genetic resistance to parasites and/or ii) with increasing parasite load. According to the parasite-mediated domestication hypothesis, the features of the domestication syndrome could be genetically linked to genes related to resistance/tolerance to parasites, the role of miRNA in the process of epigenetic inheritance or the transgenerational inheritance of stress pathology.


The presented paper deals with selected conceptual and analytical aspects (and related policy implications) of quality-based competitiveness, with special regard to the position of transition countries – new EU-members. The first (theoretical) part starts with putting the concept of quality-based competitive advantage into the context of alternative views of competitiveness and sources of long-run economic growth performance. A brief overview follows on analytical approaches currently applied in international comparisons on three key factors of quality-based competitiveness – institutional quality (business environment), innovation performance, and human resource quality. The second (analytical) part of the paper presents, at first, comprehensive (countrywide) approaches to quality-based competitiveness in terms of knowledge assessment matrix, and competitive advantage matrix. Alternatively, industry-specific analysis has been applied assessing the quality intensity of competitiveness in terms of both increasing shares of so called technology and skill intensive activities, and the still underdeveloped own innovation capacity, low R&D intensity of value added and low skill intensity of occupations. Conclusions point to economic policy implications of the presented analysis with special regard to the challenges faced by the less developed new EU-members.


. Having ruled out the possibility that stellar objects are the main contributor of the dark matter embedding galaxies, microlensing experiments cannot exclude the hypothesis that a significant fraction of the Milky Way dark halo might be made of MACHOs with masses in the range 0 . 5 − 0 . 8 M ⊙ . Ancient white dwarfs are generally considered the most plausible candidates for such MACHOs. We report the results of a search for such white dwarfs in a proper motion survey covering a 0 . 16 sq. deg. field at three epochs at high galactic latitude, and 0 . 938 sq. deg. at two epochs at intermediate galactic latitude (VIRMOS survey), using the CFH telescope. Both surveys are complete to I = 23, with detection efficiency fading to 0 at I = 24 . 2. Proper motion data are suitable to separate unambiguously halo white dwarfs identified as belonging to a non rotating system. No candidates were found within the colour-magnitude-proper motion volume where such objects can be safely discriminated from any standard population as well as from possible artefacts. In the same volume, we estimate the maximum white dwarf halo fraction compatible with this observation at different significance levels if the halo is at least 14 gigayears old and under different ad hoc initial mass functions. Our data alone rule out a halo fraction greater than 14% at a 95% confidence level. Combined with two previous investigations exploring comparable volumes ,this pushes the limit below 4% (95% confidence level) or below 1% ( 64% confidence), and implies that if baryonic dark matter is present in galaxy halos, it is not, or is only marginally in the form of faint hydrogen white dwarfs.


Silver thin films have been created by room temperature deposition on a Ga/Si(111)-root 3 x root 3 surface and their valence band structures and core levels have been measured by angle-resolved pho ...


According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 70% of all epileptic seizures are convulsive, making the EMG signal one of the essential signals used for epilepsy treatment. Nevertheless, epileptic seizure classification remains a challenge. Suitable machine learning classifiers and features are the critical metrics for good performance. In this paper, a collection of widely used time-domain features of surface electromyography (sEMG) signals is illustrated and an investigation of their ability to distinguish epileptic seizures is reported for five subjects performing myoclonic and tonic seizures using eight sEMG sensors placed on different muscles: Biceps brachii, flexor carpi ulnaris, gastrocnemius, and quadriceps. Feature selection step is required to eliminate information redundancy and irrelevant before epileptic seizure classification. The results show that extracting Waveform Length, Integrated EMG, Variance, Shannon Entropy, Complexity, Skewness, and Root Mean Square values are more significant for myoclonic-tonic seizure classification based on sEMG signal analysis. Selected features have been subjected to the Artificial Neural Network classifier. An overall epileptic seizure accuracy of 96% could be achieved by the ANN algorithm based on seven selected features.


Loss of the T cell receptor‐associated CD3 ζ chain has been proposed as a possible mechanism of the acquired immunosuppression in both tumour‐bearing hosts, and in symptomatic patients with HIV infection. However, other reports suggest that the ζ‐chain loss may in part be caused by protease activity of contaminating phagocytes ex vivo. Using flow cytometry and Western blot analysis on highly purified T cells, and ensuring adequate addition of protease inhibitors, we have studied the expression of CD3ζ on peripheral blood T cells from patients with colorectal carcinoma, and compared these with normal controls, and pregnant donors, as a further example of an immunocompromised state. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tumour sections from patients with colorectal carcinoma to measure CD3ζ expression in tumour infiltrating T cells, and compared with normal mucosa and tonsil. Using these three approaches, our data provide no evidence for downregulation of CD3ζ chain expression either in colorectal carcinoma or pregnancy and suggest that this explanation is unlikely to fully account for the reduced T cell function associated with these conditions in all patients.


Because the computer systems audit is a series of system commands or events, which we name states, a very natural method of detecting intrusion is to use a Markov model to calculate the audit series anomaly. Some researchers have done some work based on stationary Markov theory. Stationary Markov theory, however, has its shortcoming of incorrect assumption, and that can directly affect intrusion detection effect, because some "noise" can often make the state series change. To solve this problem, a window Markov (WM) model is proposed. In the WM model, the next state of time t does not depend on the state of time t+1 but on the states in a time window of [t+1, t+m]. In the WM model, it is not reasonable to give every state in the window equal evaluation to be the next state of time t, so we create a fuzzy window Markov (FWM) model. In the FWM model the states in the time window have different fuzzy evaluation values to indicate the probability to be the next state of time t. To test our FWM model, we have carried out an experiment based on the datasets collected at UNM by Forrest. Results show that the FWM model can work effectively.


Barbershop harmony is one of the great American inventions. The contemporary image of barbershop harmony is couched in a romanticized perception of the "Gay Nineties," with dapper, white, middleAmerican barbers and their patrons posed next to barber poles in attitudes of harmonizing. There is, however, little in the mainstream literature of the period to reinforce this image. The literature of AfricanAmerican history, on the other hand, is shot through with references to barbershop singing. These references suggest strongly an AfricanAmerican origin for both the concept of male quartet singing in barbershops and the particular style of harmonizing that has come to be known as "barbershop."


Seasonal abundance and spatial distribution of wireworm feeding damage were determined for sweet potato by examining storage roots. Spatial distribution of wireworms was determined by sampling corn-wheat seed baits. Wireworm feeding damage (deep, shallow and healed holes) increased as the season progressed. The distribution of wireworms in sweet potato fields was clumped as was feeding damage distribution. The spatial distribution of wireworm damage on sweet potato roots fits the negative binomial distribution. Values for the negative binomial parameter k for two fields indicated a clustered distribution of wireworm feeding damage. Greater k-values for healed feeding damage and total feeding damage than for deep and shallow feeding damage indicate that sample size could be adjusted, depending on seasons, to achieve optimal sampling efficiency. As feeding damage can predict wireworm populations, a sampling strategy based on early-season wireworm damage data is particularly timely, efficient and economical ...


Background: Irradiation induced normal tissue toxicity limits effective radiotherapy of individuals with DNA repair defects including Fanconi anemia. We quantitated in-field head and neck tissue response in irradiated Fanconi anemia knockout mice, FancD2-/-, compared to wild type, FancD2+/+ & heterozygous FancD2+/- mice. We also assessed bystander effect of head and neck irradiation on distant bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cell numbers. Method: Adult 10-12wk old FevB background FancD2+/+, +/- and -/- mice were irradiated to the head & neck to 24Gy, 26Gy, 28Gy or 30Gy (n=3) shielding all tissue below the cervical spine. On day 2 or 5 post irradiation, mice were sacrificed and tongue tissue and one femur excised for histopathology. Bone marrow of the contralateral femur was plated for colony assay. Colony forming unit-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM), burst forming unit erythroid (BFU-E), and colony forming unit-granulocyte-erythroid-megakaryocyte-monocyte (CFU-GEMM) numbers were counted & each genotype compared to its unirradiated control. HE 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 426. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-426


Abstract This investigation represents an initial evaluation of the effects of ethanol on the responses of normal human and sheep erythrocytes (in vitro) to six known oxidant stressor agents (i.e. chlorite, copper, nitrite, carbaryl, α‐naphthol, and menadione). The results indicated that the ethanol incubation treatment (5%) enhanced the occurrence of oxidant stress in five of the six agents with the erythrocytes using increased methemoglobin and reduced glutathione as metabolic indicators of stress. Carbaryl was the only agent whose toxicity was not modified by the ethanol treatment.


With the rapid development of science and technology and economy, the rapid increase of hazardous waste has become the common environmental problems facing the whole world. China is the world's manufacturing power, with the accelerating process of urbanization, the resulting number of hazardous waste more and more. However, hazardous materials such as toxic, corrosive, flammable, reactive and infectious, and other dangerous characteristics if not properly handled, will cause serious harm to the environment, ecology and human health. Therefore, hazardous waste disposal research has extremely important practical significance. In this paper, the basic summary of hazardous waste, while the status of hazardous waste disposal in China to make an analysis of hazardous waste disposal in China to provide value for reference.


To investigate the feasibility of monitoring the movements of the large eddies that dominate circulation in the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico, acoustic‐propagation studies are made using historic and ocean dynamic model data for sound‐speed profiles representing the distinctions among the various water masses inside and outside these eddies. The propagation work concentrates on a slice across the DeSoto Canyon in the northeast Gulf from the shelf break off the Mississippi Delta to the Florida shelf—a region in which a deep sound channel exists. The objective for the study of this slice is to determine the potential for monitoring the movement and evolution of eddies as they enter DeSoto Canyon. Two frequency bands of a pulse source (400–600 and 900–1100 Hz) and deep water source placements near the sound‐channel axis (900 m) and a vertical array of receivers are used in modeling. Details of the temporal structure in the arrivals show significant variations for the different waters of the order of 0=2E...


To investigate the effects of substituting Ag and Sb for Pb on the thermoelectric properties of PbTe, the electronic structures of PbTe and AgPb_18SbTe_20 were calculated by using the linearized augmented plane wave based on the density-functional theory of the first principles. By comparing the differences in the band structure, the partial density of states (PDOS), the scanning transmission microscope, and the electron density difference for PbTe and AgPb_18SbTe_20, we explained the reason from the aspect of electronic structures why the thermoelectric properties of AgPb_18SbTe_20 could be improved significantly. Our results suggest that the excellent thermoelectric properties of AgPb_18SbTe_20 should be attributed in part to the narrowing of its band gap, band structure anisotropy, the much extrema and large DOS near Fermi energy, as well as the large effective mass of electrons. Moreover, the complex bonding behaviors for which the strong bonds and the weak bonds are coexisted, and the electrovalence and covalence of Pb–Te bond are mixed should also play an important role in the enhancement of the thermoelectric properties of the AgPb_18SbTe_20.


This research aims to analyze the effect of (1) Halalness towards Padang Restaurant Consumers Satisfaction, (2) Food Service towards Padang Restaurant Consumers Satisfaction and (3) Consumers satisfaction towards Padang Restaurant Consumers Trust. This research was conducted in West Sumatra by taking sample areas in Bukittinggi, Padang, Tanah Datar and 50 Kota. Proportional determinations and accidental method are used to find the number of samples of 450 people respondents. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Hypothesis testing was carried out as research analysis. This research finds that: (1) Halalness has no significant effect on Padang Restaurants Consumers Satisfaction, (2) Food Service has a positive and significant effect on the Padang Restaurant Consumer Satisfaction and, (3) Satisfaction has a positive and significant influence on Padang Restaurant Consumer Trust.


This paper presents the effect of fumed silica modification and calcination temperature on the physicochemical properties of photocatalysts and their activity under the UV-VIS and VIS light range. The materials were obtained by hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) combined with a calcination step. The obtained nanomaterials were characterized using analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction XRD, FT-IR/DRS infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis/DRS spectroscopy and SEM scanning electron microscopy. BET specific surface area and zeta potential were also measured. It was observed that SiO2 modification inhibited the transformation phase of anatase to rutile and the increase in crystallite size during calcination. The calcination process contributed to a change in the surface character of photocatalysts under study from positively to negatively charged. The photocatalytic activity of samples was identified by determining the methylene blue decomposition under UV-VIS and VIS light. Experimental results showed that the addition of SiO2 and the calcination process increased the photoactivity. The obtained materials showed higher activity compared to the reference samples. It was found that the degree of dye removal increased along with increased calcination temperature. The highest activity was observed for photocatalyst SiO2(11.1%)/TiO2_600.


It is estimated that, in 1913, less than 500,000 Muslims lived in the regions ruled by Greece and around 800,000 Muslims in those areas which were under the authority of the Bulgarian state. In the aftermath of the 1923 obligatory Greco-Turkish population exchange the number of Muslims in Greece reduced to approximately 200,000, of which around 180,000 lived in the region of Western Thrace and 20–25,000 Albanian-speaking Muslims, known as Çams, in Epirus and Greek South-West Macedonia. In the same period, the number of Muslims in Bulgaria was between 800,000 and one million people. Meanwhile, during the two Balkan and the First World Wars a hardly definable number of Muslims lost their lives due to starvation, disease, massacres and physical destruction caused by the military and paramilitary troops of the two Balkan states, as well as due to voluntary and forced migration to areas controlled by the Ottoman Empire.


I am grateful that the wish I expressed at Kiel for a means to indicate neutral lip position has been fulfilled in the form of a set of rules for extended application of over-rounding and under-rounding diacritics, stated officially in the Journal 20:2, p.23, item 8. Only, could I point out that there is a serious mistake in the final portion of this passage?


An on-line real-time aluminium electrolyzing parameters measuring process includes the steps of detecting the primary crystal temperature by inserting the measurer probe into electrolyzer and sendingout the primary crystal temperature signal; and processing the signal and calculating other electrolysis parameters according to the set mathematical model. The probe of the present invention includes thermocouple, metal ball and protecting tube, and the thermocouple inside the protection tube has its end inserted to the geometric center of the metal ball. The present invention can measure and find out important aluminium electrolyzing parameters timely and precisely, and this makes it possible to realize the autocontrol of aluminium electrolyzer for raising its current efficiency, reducing the power consumption and raising the yield.


Weighted sum rate maximizing beamformer design is considered for MIMO broadcast channel. As opposed to the conventional alternating beamformer design, the transmit and receive beamformers are jointly optimized using successive semidefinite programming. The weighted sum rate maximization is approached via the corresponding mean-squared error minimization problem, which is further approximated to formulate a sequence of convex subproblems. The algorithm is shown to provide a monotonic improvement of the system performance objective in each iteration. Furthermore, the algorithm is shown to have an improved rate of convergence when compared to recently published weighted mean-squared error minimization algorithms with alternating transceiver design.


By using the Borel distribution series of the Mittag-Leffler type, we introduce a new class of the bi-close-to-convex functions defined in the open unit disk. We then apply the Faber polynomial expansion method in order to investigate the estimates for the general Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients of the functions belonging to this new class of bi-close-to-convex functions in the open unit disk. We consider the Fekete-Szegö type inequalities for the bi-close-to-convex function class and also consider several corollaries and the consequences of the results presented in this paper.


Classified as an ADS by China since 1998, Korea has become an important country for outbound markets for Chinese tourists. As of 2014, Chinese tourists accounts for more than 40% of the entire foreign tourists visiting Korea. The current research examines potential methods to consistently attract and host Chinese tourists who are facing Shaokang(小康) era, aligned with their consumption patterns and with Inchon as a tour hub city. Since 2000, there have been many studies for a better understanding to attract Chinese tourists, but not much research has been done with a focus of tourist attraction and host from a perspective of Inchon as a hub. The current study can be contributed in the way of providing new approach about attracting Chinese tourists.


The electrophoretic mobilities or ionic conductivities of 22Na+, 90Sr2+ and 36Cl– ions were measured electrophoretically at 25°C in aqueous solutions of NaCl, KCl, ½MgCl2, ½SrCl2, ½Na2SO4 and ½MgSO4, in the molar ratio 1:1:0.5:0.5:0.5:0.5, in the concentration range 0.1 to 4.0 mol dm–3 and in sea water of various salinities (from 3.77 to 36.45 parts per thousand). Values for a and b from the equation [graphic omitted], are given where u is the electrophoretic mobility and c is the concentration of the electrolyte between 0.1 and 4.0 mol dm–3. The ratio of the mobilities of the ions in two selected electrolytes is plotted against concentration of the electrolytes, and the influence of the concentration and the nature of counter and/or co-ions on the electrophoretic mobility are discussed.


The influence of the excitation parameters and temperature on the spectral characteristics of narrow photoluminescence lines in nanodiamonds obtained by chemical vapor deposition is investigated. It is shown that the ratio of the line intensities in the spectrum depends on the wavelength and power of the excitation radiation. For some lines, with increasing power, a shift in the position of their maximum and broadening is also observed. After irradiation of nanodiamonds with a laser beam with a power density of ~1.2·105 W/cm2, the relative line intensities change. With increasing temperature in the range 79 - 300 K, temperature quenching of their intensity is observed.


1. An apparatus (200) for registration of magnetic particles in the field of view (28), comprising: selection means comprising a block (110) of the field selection signal generator and the elements (116) forming selection field for generating a magnetic field (50) selecting, having such the spatial picture of the lines of force of its magnetic field strength, that in the field of view (28) formed by the first subzone (52), characterized by a low magnetic field intensity, and the second subzone (54), characterized by a high magnetic field excitation means contains zhaschee blocks (130) generator field excitation signals coils (136a, 136b, 136c) of the excitation field, for changing the spatial position of the two sub-zones (52, 54) in the field of view (28) through the excitation magnetic field so that the magnetization of the magnetic material is locally is changed, the receiver (160) for receiving the acoustic signal of the acoustic measurement signal, wherein the measuring signals depend on the magnetization in the field of view (28), and the magnetization is influenced by changes in the spatial position of the first and a second sub-zones (52, 54), and means (150) for controlling units (110, 130) signal generators to generate currents selecting and driving currents for the inclusion of elements forming the selection fields and the coils of the excitation field in a mode of formation of the magnetic selection field and magnetic vozbuzhdeniya.2 field. The apparatus (200) according to claim 1, wherein the receiver (160) of the acoustic signal comprises one or more microphones (162) and a spectrum analyzer (164) .3. The apparatus (200) according to claim 1, wherein the means (150) is designed to control the control units (110, 130) generates


Introduction Part I. The Framework: 1. Political self-sacrifice 2. Agency 3. Body and emotion Part II. The Historical Cases: 4. Hunger strikes in Northern Ireland, 1980-1 5. Martyrdom in Poland, 1984 6. Self-immolation in Vietnam, 1963 Part III. Comparisons and Conclusions: 7. Martyrdom in the contemporary Middle East and north Africa 8. The public diplomacy of suffering.


Semantic segmentation has found applications in fields where it is necessary to localize an abstract feature by labeling each pixel in an image as belonging to one of a predefined set of classes. It most often employs a deep convolutional neural network architecture consisting of a downsampling path, which extracts high-level features from the image, and an upsampling path, which retrieves the resolution of the original image for pixel-wise classification. In this paper, we present the results of applying a semantic segmentation network to the analysis of particle interaction images derived from a novel detector technology, called the Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC). Whereas it boasts of high neutrino detection efficiency and low background, the analysis of LArTPC-derived images has posed a challenge. In particular, removing cosmic ray-induced particles and reconstructing neutrino interactions from the images have required a combination of many algorithm-based frameworks. Deep neural nets, on the other hand, can provide an efficient end-to-end solution. We train a fully convolutional densenet (FC-DenseNet) [1] to perform pattern recognition in 3D – specifically, the pixel-wise classification of showers and tracks – on a simulation dataset. Our work will inform the analysis of future LArTPC experiments such as the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE).


Inconsistent deviations caused by incomplete consistency matrix were treated as random variables.Corresponding statistics was made and a new standard to determine the consistency was given.It can help the decision-makers determine the appropriate level of confidence to test consistency according to practical issues and personal preferences.


A method (20) for performing recognition of a scribed indicia on a touch screen (5) of an electronic device (1), the method (20) comprising receiving (22) a scribed indicia scribed on the touch screen (5), the touch screen (5) at least comprising a character scribing area (31) and a punctuation scribing area (32). A step 23 for determining a proportion of the scribed indicia scribed in the character punctuation scribing area (32) relative to the character scribing area (31) is then conducted and the punctuation mark recognition (26) is performed. Recognition (26) is performed on the scribed indicia when the proportion exceeds a threshold value, the performing punctuation mark recognition determining from a set of punctuation marks at least one candidate punctuation mark resembling the scribed indicia.


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A B S T R A C TBackground Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men worldwide and rankssecond in the Laboratory of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin with thehighest incidence, especially at the age of more than 60 years. Factors that play a roleas a prognostic factor and therapy in prostate carcinoma, including VEGF. The roleof VEGF expression in prostate carcinoma as a prognostic and histopathological factorwhich is an important predictor for the progression of prostate carcinoma. This studyaims to determine the relationship between VEGF expression and Gleason score inprostate carcinoma. Method This study was a cross-sectional observational study.Thirty samples diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma were derived from the resultsof the tranurethral resection of the prostate (TRUP) and prostatectomy. Samples weretaken from the archives in the Anatomic Pathology section of Dr. Mohammad HoesinPalembang (period January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013. Then the sample wasstained with VEGF antibody, identified and analyzed the VEGF relationship with theGleason.z score. Results The positivity of VEGF expression in prostateadenocarcinoma tended to be more prevalent in the Gleason score group ≥ 7 (43.3%)than in the Gleason score group <(10%). There was no significant relationship betweenVEGF expression and high Gleason score (p> 0.05). Conclusion There was nosignificant relationship between VEGF expression and Gleason score in prostateadenocarcinoma


Title of dissertation: EXAMINING GROUP AND INDIVIDUAL APPROACHES TO STRATEGY USE IN FREQUENCY JUDGMENTS Ana Maria Franco-Watkins, Doctor of Philosophy, 2004 Dissertation directed by: Assistant Professor Michael R. Dougherty, Department of Psychology How do people make frequency judgments? One account describes how the strategy used during the memory retrieval process influences frequency judgments. The strategy that is evoked depends on the to-be judged event (Brown, 1995; 1997). Specifically, enumeration strategies were used when multiple exemplars were paired with a category. Non-enumeration strategies occurred when a single exemplar was paired with a category. Two experiments investigated the consistency with which different strategies were employed based on the characteristics of the to-be judged event. Group-level and individual-level analyses were used to examine the degree that a given strategy occurred. Analyses at the individual-level allowed for the investigation of whether the strategies observed at the group-level were consistent across individuals in the group. Exemplar typicality (typical or atypical) was manipulated within the to-be judged events to determine whether typicality played a role in strategy use and frequency judgments. Group-level analyses revealed evidence of enumeration in multiple-exemplar conditions. However, individual-level analyses revealed that few participants engaged in enumeration indicating that the group results were driven by a small number of participants. Exemplar typicality did not reliably affect strategy use or frequency judgments. Implications of using group-level and individual-level analyses are discussed.


This agroclimatic zone--equatorial, yet temperate and well-watered--has a population of 12 million people and covers an area of 93,000 km2 in three countries: Burundi, Rwanda, and Zaire. At 130/km2, population density is high for Africa. The population is almost entirely rural; agriculture and livestock raising are virtually the only economic activities. As a consequence, farms are small. Farming is, for Africa, quite intensive. This population density and this intensivity of land use are recent developments resulting from rapid population growth. They are coupled with extreme economic isolation. This study, based largely on field interviews but also on a review of the zone's exceptionally poor data sources, makes a first attempt to describe farming systems in the region, which is broken into 11 models for this purpose. Evolution of farming practices and adaptation to changing conditions are analyzed. Then the study reviews and assesses a large number of farm-level system changes, most of them proposed by governments and development projects, but some which the mission observed farmers undertaking on their own initiative. The study's assessments lead to recommendations on soil conservation and enrichment measures.


Introduction The GYNECARE PROSIMA® Pelvic Floor Repair System (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ) was developed to surgically treat pelvic organ prolapse. The kit comes with similarly pre-shaped mesh implants, a vaginal support device (VSD), a balloon, an anterior inserter, a posterior inserter and a 60 ml syringe. PROSIMA is a trocar-less surgical system that employs a vaginal approach to prolapse surgery using monofilament polypropylene mesh implants that are held in position for 3 to 4 weeks by a VSD. A balloon is attached to the VSD and is inflated with up to 90ml of air. The balloon is used instead of the traditional vaginal pack and is deflated and removed 24 hours after surgery. The aim of this video is to demonstrate vaginal surgery for prolapse augmented by mesh implants using a trocar-less system and a vaginal support device (VSD).


Intramedullary infection is a challenging problem and management usually includes removal of the infected hardware and reaming of the medullary canal. The purpose of this study is to describe a new technique for canal debridement and evaluate its efficacy in the treatment of posttraumatic osteomyelitis of the tibia and femur. This retrospective study included 11 patients (10 male and 1 female, mean age: 42 years) with posttraumatic osteomyelitis of the tibia (n=8) or femur (n=3). Surgical treatment consisted of debridement, implant removal, and reaming of the medullary canal with the RIA (Reamer Irrigator Aspirator) device. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon with a standardised technique. Reaming of the canal was performed with one pass of the RIA. Following reaming, the RIA was used for irrigation of the medullary canal with 10 liters of fluid. At a mean follow-up time of 9 months (6 to 13 months) there was no recurrence of osteomyelitis. Complications included one partial loss of a flap, one refracture of a tibia following an auto versus pedestrian accident, and external fixator pin tract infections in one patient. The RIA device allows for reaming under simultaneous irrigation and aspiration, which may minimise the residual amount of infected tissue in the medullary canal. The disposable reamer head is always sharp, in contrast to standard reamers, which may reduce the thermal effects of reaming on the adjacent bone. In addition, the RIA allows delivery of fluid throughout the length of the medullary canal, thus facilitating irrigation. The RIA device is useful alternative for debridement of intramedullary infections of the tibia and femur.


The effectiveness of a digital watermarking algorithm is indicated by the robustness of embedded watermarks against various attacks. Attacks which attempt to destroy watermarks have two types, noise-like signal processing and geometric distortions. To select a non-overlapping region, some reference parameters have been used, the regions with higher feature corner response are selected when the Harris–Laplacian or Harris–affine detector is used. The number of neighboring feature points inside a region is a major reference for obtaining a non-overlapping set in the watermarking method based on Mexican Hat wavelet scale interaction. A watermarked feature region may have different degrees of robustness against differen if there is prior knowledge of each region's attack resistance capability. We propose a feature region selection method based on the idea of simulated attacking and Multidimensional Knapsack Problem (MDKP). Keywords— Feature detector, multidimensional knapsack problem (MDKP), robust digital watermarking


Objective To analyze the CT and MRI findings of retinoblastoma. Methods The CT and MRI findings of 15 cases proved by operation and pathology were analyzed retrospectively. CT scanning was performed in 15 cases and MRI in 7 cases. Results Of 15 cases receiving CT scannings, 5 cases showed the retinal effusion. There were 14 cases showing evidence of calcification. The enlargement of optic nerve was showed in 2 cases. On MRI scan in 7 cases, all tumors demonstrated the retinal effusion. The dense areas of calcification were demonstrated in 4 cases. The optic nerve appeared as hyperintense single on T2 weighted images and enhanced with patch areas on postcontrast T1 weighted images in one case. Conclusion CT is a reliable method in the diagnosis of retinoblastoma. MRI is superior to CT with respect to the tumor, retinal effusion and stage.


What were the causes that led to the intellectual transition from mythology to science in ancient Greece? It is argued that while the generally accepted ones (those of geography, economics, religion, and political structure) might have been necessary, they were hardly sufficient. Thus a hypothesis is proposed: that these causes together with three others—(1) the intriguing ancient Greek idiosyncrasy, (2) the evolving ancient Greek language, and (3) the force of intellectual habits—all had an interwoven and critical role for the rise of Greek civilization and the birth of science. The factors of language and intellectual habits have not been sufficiently appreciated. Moreover, the factor of Greek idiosyncrasy is often overlooked, but I believe that any effort to understand the rise of a civilization is probably incomplete without also an attempt to understand the idiosyncrasy of the people who caused such rise.


A new species of the genus Hydroptila, H. tagus sp.n., is described from Spain and figures of the male genitalia are given. The new species belongs to the "fortunatd" group.


2d-Axisymmetric of natural and forced convection in the melt of a Czochralski equipment has been performed. The influence of the flow on the shape of the interface has been studied.


Objective
To observe the curative effect of open reduction and internal fixation for capitellum and trochlea fractures.

Methods
A retrospective case series study was performed on 14 patients with capitellum and trochlea fractures without involving lateral and lateral column treated by open reduction and internal fixation from April 2008 to August 2016. There were four males and 10 females, aged from 24 to 62 years (mean, 41.4 years). Dubberley classification was type ⅠA in four patients, type ⅠB in three, type ⅡA in two, type ⅡB in one, type ⅢA in two, type ⅢB in two. Three patients were combined with ipsilateral capitulum radius fractures, and one patient with ipsilateral ulna olecranon fracture. Visual analogue scale (VAS) for elbow pain, elbow activity and Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) were evaluated. Postoperative complications were also observed.

Results
All patients were followed up for 24-55 months (mean, 27.2 months). Fracture healed after (21.3±2.1)weeks. VAS was (2.1±1.9) points at 24 months postoperatively, with painless in three patients, mild pain in seven and moderate pain in four. Elbow flexion and extension angle was (93.4±15.2)°, elbow flexion angle was (114.3±11.1)°, elbow extension angle was (33.6±20.7)°, forearm front rotation angle was (75.2±12.5)°, and forearm back rotation angle was (83.2±8.2)°. No patients had elbow instability, ischemic necrosis or internal fixation loosening. MEPS was (74.2±17.8)points, including excellent results in 3 cases, good in 8, fair in 2 and poor in 1. One case of Dubberley type ⅢA developed mild ulnar nerve symptom and alleviated after 3 months. Five cases (two type ⅢA, one type ⅢB, one type ⅡA, one type ⅡB) had a small amount of heterotopic ossification 6 month after operation, but elbow flexion and extension activity was good. One case of Dubberley type ⅢB combined with fracture of the olecranon process had elbow heterotopic ossification 1 month after operation, further developed large displaced ossification around the elbow 6 months after operation, and showed elbow flexion and extension of 30° 2 years after operation that was significantly limited compared to the contralateral side.

Conclusion
Open reduction and internal fixation of capitellum and trochlea fractures can improve elbow activity and reduce incidence of postoperative complication.

Key words:
Humeral fractures; Trochlear nerve; Fracture fixation, internal


2.3. Hydrocarbon Coordination 2475 2.4. σ Complexes of Alkanes and Arenes 2475 2.5. Principle of Microscopic Reversibility 2476 2.6. Kinetic Isotope Effects 2477 3. Shilov-type Chemistry 2478 3.1. C−H Activation by Pt(II) 2479 3.2. Mechanism of Multiple H/D Exchange 2480 3.3. H/D Exchanges1,2 Shift in Ethane 2481 3.4. Computational Studies of the Shilov System 2481 3.5. C−H Activation by Pt(IV) 2482 4. "Catalytica" System for Catalytic Methane Functionalization 2482


Chemical Reactors, such as continuous stir tank reactor (CSTR) and polymerization reactors (PR) are nonlinear dynamics in nature. Moreover, in practice, uncertainties and disturbances always exist in operation of such kind of reactors. Therefore, the smooth tracking of these reactors is still a challenging task for the researchers. As a core contribution, a prediction interval (PI)-based controller (PIC) is proposed for nonlinear chemical reactors in this paper. PIs have been vigorously used in forecasting problems to quantify the uncertainties and disturbances of the nonlinear systems. It is well established that PI is more informative than point forecast, and hence, it is expected that the integration of PIs in a control system can accelerate the performance of the controller. In the proposed PIC system, neural network (NN) inverse model is used as a controller. PI-based model is used in the loop of the proposed control system to construct the PIs for the controller. PIs are then used as additional inputs for the PIC to predict control signal. An exothermic chemical reactor, CSTR is used to examine the performance of the proposed PIC. Simulation study demonstrated that the setpoint tracking performance of the PIC is acceptable, and superior compared to traditional NN controller.


One of the characteristic features of histamine release in anaphylaxis is that the quantity of histamine released by the antigen frQm different tissues varies and bears no constant relation to the amount originally present in the tissue (Schild, 1939). Some organs of the guinea-pig, for example, intestine, release in anaphylaxis only a small fraction of their histamine content-of the order of 3% or less, whilst other tissues such as the aorta and the uterus, release in anaphylaxis more than 30% of the histamine contained in the tissue. This is in contrast to the unspecific action of grinding the tissue with sand in saline, which causes practically all the histamine originally contained in the tissue to be freed. It was of interest to find out whether chemical histamine releasers would release histamine selectively as it is released in anaphylaxis, or unselectively as in mechanical disintegration of the tissue. In Part I of this paper we report experiments in which the quantity of histamine released from different organs of the guinea-pig in anaphylaxis is compared with that released by D-tubocurarine or the powerful histamine releaser 48/80 (Baltzly, Buck, de Beer & Webb, 1949; Paton, 1951). Our results show that under similar conditions there is a close correlation between the fraction of histamine released in sensitized tissues by the chemical releasers and by the specific antigen. In view of this close quantitative agreement between the two types of releaser it seemed possible that previous administration of a chemical releaser might prevent the anaphylactic release of histamine and perhaps also the anaphylactic muscular contraction. The experiments relating to this are reported in Part II.


Twenty young subjects were studied with microprocessor system for quantitative analysis of backscattered radiofrequency (RF) signals from normal heart structures. This system allows an "on line" quantitative evaluation of the amplitude of the RF "native" signal, before the chain of processing and display, with the acquisition gate displayed on conventional M‐mode machine.


Objective To amalgze and Summarize the chinical value of Enterai nutrition (EN) in elderlg patients with gastric carcinoma after operation. Methods After the patients with gastric carcinoma were admitted to hospital, the adnornali-ties must be treated perior to operation , and be treated postoperatively if necessary. Patients were closely monitored thoughowt the operative and post operative phase of the first a few days so that any abnomalities cowld be treated imme diately. It was routinely to place the nutritive tube in cases of them during operation . Results Among the 60 elderly patients with gastric car-ainoma . 12 Patients had postoperative complications and 4 of them died from complications. the rate of postoperative complications in elderly who had used EN was 13. 33% . whereas the rate of postoperative complications in the elderly who hadnot used EN was 26.6696 . There was a significant difference between the two growps (P0.01). Conclusion s'trengthening the use of EN can decrease the postoperative complications and improve the effect of the operation.


Abstract We study beam propagation in the framework of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with competing Gaussian nonlocal nonlinearities. We demonstrate that such system can give rise to self-organization of light into stable states of trains or hexagonal arrays of filaments, depending on the transverse dimensionality. This long-range ordering can be achieved by mere unidirectional beam propagation. We discuss the dynamics of long-range ordering and the crucial role which the phase of the wavefunction plays for this phenomenon. Furthermore we discuss how transverse dimensionality affects the order of the phasetransition.


A function g, analytic in the unit disc D, belongs to the weighted Hardy space H ∞ q if supo 0, then it is said to be an H-function. Heittokangas has shown that all solutions of the linear differential equation (t) f (k) + A k-1 (z)f (k-1) +... + A 1 (z)f' + A 0 (z)f = 0, where Aj(z) is analytic in D for all j = 0,..., k - 1, are of finite order of growth in D if and only if all coefficients Aj (z) are H-functions. It is said that g ∈ Gp when p = inf{q > 0: g ∈ H ∞ q }. In this study it is shown that if all coefficients Aj(z) of (f) satisfy Aj ∈ Gp J for all j = 0,..., k-1, then all nontrivial solutions f of (f) satisfy min p0-pj-2 ≤ σM(f) ≤ max {0, max -pj k-j 1}, j=1,...,k j j=0,...,k-1 k-j where p k := 0 and σM(f):= lim sup r→1- log+log+M(r,f) -log(1-r) In addition, if n ∈ {0,..., k - 1} is the smallest index for which pn k-n = max j=0,...,k pj k-j, then there are at least k - n linearly independent solutions of (f) such that σM (f)≥ max pj k-j-2 j=0,...,k-1 These results are a generalization of a recent result due to Chyzhykov, Gundersen and Heittokangas.


Our goal in this paper is twofold: First, evaluate the impact on crime of the restriction of late-night alcohol sales in Bogotá; and second, quantify the causal effect of problematic alcohol consumption on different crime categories. Using a control group strategy, we explore time-series and cross-block variation in the restriction to measure its causal effects on several crime categories. We find that the restriction reduced deaths and injuries in car accidents and batteries, compatible with the pharmacological impact of alcohol consumption on crime (Goldstein, 1985). Our results are stronger in areas where the restriction was actually binding (e.g., in blocks with presence of liquor stores) and are highly heterogeneous depending on the number of liquor stores that were restricted at the block level. Finally, we measure the impact of the restriction on alcohol consumption (the first-stage, or mechanism), and quantify the causal pharmacological impact of alcohol consumption on crime using the restriction as an instrument for problematic alcohol consumption (the second stage). We find that alcohol consumption causes deaths and injuries in car accidents and batteries. More precisely, our results indicate that a one standard deviation (s.d.) increase in problematic alcohol consumption increases deaths in car accidents by 0.51 s.d., injuries in car accidents by 0.82 s.d., and batteries by 1.27 s.d.


To investigate the virulence of the Vp_PirAB‐like genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus‐ acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)‐causing strain and the factors that are associated with the virulence level.


In order to accelerate the soccer robot to the target position with the desired orientation,a new navigating algorithm combining predictive control and error feedback correction is proposed in this paper.Since the predictive control is based on the precise prediction of the robot's position and orientation to execute robots' naviation control,the time delay error caused by the process when sensor is collecting data or receiving data from the simulation platform is eliminated.In addition,error correction is made based on the comparison between the prediction of the first control step's result state and the desired state of the robot.The simulation experiment indicates that this algorithm has more excellent performance than that of the traditional PID control method in the aspects of time and convergence performances.


Using detector tomography, we investigate the detection mechanism in NbN-based superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs). We demonstrate that the detection probability uniquely depends on a particular linear combination of bias current and energy, for a large variation of bias currents, input energies and detection probabilities, producing a universal detection curve. We obtain this result by studying multiphoton excitations in a nanodetector with a sparsity-based tomographic method that allows factoring out of the optical absorption. We discuss the implication of our model system for the understanding of meander-type SSPDs.


The European Space Agency (ESA) and e2v, together with the Euclid Imaging Consortium, have designed and manufactured pre-development models of a novel imaging detector for the visible channel of the Euclid space telescope. The new detector is an e2v back-illuminated, 4k x 4k, 12 micron square pixel CCD designated CCD273-84. The backilluminated detectors have been characterised for many critical performance parameters such as read noise, charge transfer efficiency, quantum efficiency, Modulation Transfer Function and Point Spread Function. Initial analysis of the MTF and PSF performance of the detectors has been performed by e2v and at MSSL and the results have enabled the Euclid VIS CCD project to move in to the C/D or flight phase delivery contract. This paper describes the CCD273-84 detector, the test method used for MTF measurements at e2v and the test method used for PSF measurements at MSSL. Results are presented for MTF measurements at e2v over all pre development devices. Also presented is a cross comparison of the data from the MTF and PSF measurement techniques on the same device. Good agreement between the measured PSF Full Width Half Maximum and the equivalent Full Width Half Maximum derived from the MTF images and test results is shown, with results that indicate diffusion FWHM values at or below 10 micron for the CCD273-84 detectors over the spectral range measured. At longer wavelengths the diffusion FWHM is shown to be in the 6-8 micron range.


The article is devoted to the analysis of the action time in Dostoevsky's works. The motives of painful and ecstatic love to the world and universe, suffering and cruel voluptuousness are especially important in the plots of his works. An antipositivism dialogue is revealed, i.e. disillusionment of "semi scientific" credo which is suicidal for the humankind from the point of view of the author. The time in F.M. Dostoevsky's poetics is a form and measure for the movement of the eternity in the space of the created world.


This study aims to investigate the soil erosion from selected watershed from Dehradun area having hilly terrain and human's development activities The remote sensing based model was decided to perform the estimations and assessment of soil eroded from watershed. The Nun river watershed was selected for study. From the estimated quantity of soil eroded we can predict the risk due degraded soil in terms of decreasing crop productivity. The present study assists to decide the optimum land use for specific purpose at the Nun watershed in Deharadun, Uttarakhand. The major objective of the study is to assess the soil erosion risk in the study area.


IPG Laser GmbH is a 100 % daughter company of US-based IPG Photonics Corp., Oxford (MA). IPG Photonics is the world's leading provider of high power fiber lasers and fiber amplifiers for materials processing, telecommunications, medical and other advanced applications. With more than 1200 employees IPG Laser GmbH develops and produces in Germany lasers for a wide range of applications with its three main product lines of industrial low, mid and high power fiber lasers. IPG is the unique provider of high power single mode fiber lasers of more than 1 kW laser power. IPG has a worldwide network of sales, service and applications centers to provide best customer support and solutions.


A higher incidence of Bacillus cereus was recorded in about 300 samples of a variety of food products. The distribution pattern of B. cereus was 46% in uncooked rice, 30% in pasteurized milk. 28% in cooked rice, 24% in cooked vegetables, 20% in spices and 12% in raw pulses. A major population of the isolates tested was haemolytic. The antibiogram pattern indicated a higher resistance of isolates against ampicillin, trimethoprim, colistin, rifampicin and nitrofurantoin.


The method of thermally stimulated discharge currents is used to study trapped charge in high-density polyethylene containing an antioxidant. The charge stability increases when polarization temperature increases. If the sample is not heated during the TSDC experiment to the melting point, a large current is released during the cooling of the sample. The currents released in the TSDC experiments are still very large. From the current shape and activation energy value for different annealing times, it was concluded that during cooling and annealing part of the charge moves from deeper traps toward the shallow traps. If the stored charge is neither too big nor too small the TSDC spectrum is complex and is sensitive to all physical transformations in the sample.<<ETX>>


A study was conducted to determine if raising tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) in cleaned and disinfected used perlite would be more economical than new perlite and have no negative impact on yield. Cleaning and disinfecting used perlite for recycling saved 56% of the cost to replace the media and reduced salt content to the optimum level recommended for raising container grown plants. Disinfecting used perlite with hot water raised media temperatures above limits necessary to kill several fungi and nematodes. Tomatoes


Report presenting a study to compare the maneuvering performance of a cruciform and a monowing missile. Results regarding beam riding and minimum launch range at 5000 and 50,000 feet are provided.


The features of fertility in microspore of 4 species of Azolla in Euazolla were reported. The environmental condition and inhertance were the two factors affecting the fertility of microspore. The significance of study on the fertility in Azolla microspore to Azolla taxonomy was also discussed.


These studies suggest that when trifluralin is applied as a directed spray in commercial cotton fields, care should be exercised to avoid spraying the herbicide on the terminal or lateral buds. In fields where the cotton plants vary in size, it may be advisable to delay directed-spray application to avoid plant injury.


Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) represents a rare cause of acute coronary syndromes. A 38year-old female without traditional cardiovascular risk factors, admitted for an acute anterior wall ST-elevation myocardial infarction, received primary coronary intervention, in addition to repeated cardiac catheterization for coronary stenting over the middle left anterior descending artery due to the initially obscure culprit lesion during admission. SCAD also occurred in the left circumflex artery. She was finally discharged uneventfully. Six months after discharge, coronary angiography for the angina symptoms showed a new SCAD just below the original stenting site, plus coronary stenting performed. She has remained asymptomatic for more than one year till now.


This paper deals with the design and implementation of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based co-processor called Redundant Radix-4 Arithmetic co-processor. In the proposed work different arithmetic operations addition, subtraction, complementation, multiplication, square, division left shift and right shift are implemented. These arithmetic operations are implemented using Redundant Radix-4 (RR-4) number system for achieving high speed. The binary numbers are converted to RR-4 and these numbers are used for arithmetic operations. This RR-4 number system will carry out the operations in parallel. Parallel addition of two m-digit redundant binary numbers can be performed in a same interval of time independent of m, without using propagated carry. The proposed co-processor is developed by set of Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) modules for fast parallel arithmetic operations. The implementation is done through different stages of Xilinx Integrated Software Environment (ISE) 12.4 and physical verification is carried out on Virtex 5 XC5VLX110T Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The simulation results of co-processor are observed using Xilinx ISim simulator. The co-processor is interfaced with the Chipscope Pro Virtual Input-Output (VIO) console, to enter data from the keyboard and to get back the result in VIO console window. This co-processor occupies area of 2281.52 μm2 and 407.848 MB of memory with switching power 1.02489371 mW.


This study seeks to understand "listening" as a practice and norm of journalism in the context of an eruption of journalistic discourse about listening surrounding the 2016 US election. An examination of US journalists' own discourse about listening pointed to an understanding of the need to listen more, better, and to a more diverse set of voices. The widespread criticism of journalism's performance frequently pointed to failures of listening as a root cause of the more general failure to adequately cover the campaign. Thus, listening involved a set of skills, but was also sometimes construed as a moral obligation. Overall, however, the discourse showed an anemic understanding of listening, often pointing to the public's inability to listen to journalists.


We present an empirical method which uses visual band light curve shapes (LCS) to estimate the luminosity of type Ia supernovae (SN Ia). This method is rst applied to a \training set" of 8 SN Ia light curves with independent distance estimates to derive the correlation between the LCS and the luminosity. We employ a linear estimation algorithm of the type developed by Rybicki and Press (1992). The result is similar to that obtained by Hamuy et al. (1995a) with the advantage that LCS produces quantitative error estimates for the distance. We then examine the light curves for 13 SN Ia to determine the LCS distances of these supernovae. The Hubble diagram constructed using these LCS distances has a remarkably small dispersion of V = 0.21 mag. We use the light curve of SN 1972E and the Cepheid distance to NGC 5253 to derive 67 7 km s 1 Mpc 1 for the Hubble constant. subject headings: supernovae:general ; cosmology: distance scale


Aimed at the unstable effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration in the first-phase project of Hangzhou Qige Sewage Treatment Plant,using BioWin software as a platform,a virtual model of the sewage treatment plant that is consistent with the actual operation of the first-phase project of Hangzhou Qige Sewage Treatment Plant was built,and the process operation parameters were optimized.The simulation results show that adjusting sludge concentration to 4 200 mg/L and dissolved oxygen concentration to 3 mg/L is favorable for degradation of ammonia nitrogen.It is not suggested that the effluent concentration of ammonia nitrogen is reduced by adjusting the internal recycle ratio.


A case of nodular malignant lymphoma, small cleaved cell in both ovaries, tubes and peritubal tissue is reported in a 55‐year‐old nulliparous woman with primary clinical symptoms of dyspnea and chest pain. The disease was first diagnosed at laparotomy. The patient was treated by bilateral adnexectomy and chemotherapy. This is the third case of ad‐nexal small cleaved cell nodular lymphoma reported in the literature. Clinical and pathological aspects of this relatively rare pathological entity are reviewed.


A male infant of healthy parents (birth weight 3374 gm) developed tetany at 6 days of age. hPTH was diagnosed based on hypercalcemia (6.9 mg/dl), hyperphosphatemia (9.0 mg/dl), hypercalcemic and phosphaturic response to paratharmone with clinical and biochemical response to vitamin D (25000 units). Hyposthenuria was noted at 6 mos. The child was reevaluated at 12 yrs of age for polyuria unaffected by water restriction. Creatinine clearance, ACTH stimulation test, skeletal x-rays and IVP were normal but nephrocalcinosis was noted. Water deprivation (20 hrs) resulted in 4.4% weight loss, fixed low urine osmolality (Osm) and fixed urine flow. The final urine Osm was 379 mOsm/kg, urine flow 55 ml/hr, and serum Osm 287 mOsm/kg. One and two hours after 5 units of aqueous vasopressin (VP) injection the urine osmolality remained 378 and 377 mOsm/kg. Lowest urine pH during 5 hr NH4C1 test was 5.95. Three day NH4C1 test: baseline titrable acidity (TA) was 12.9 mEq/1, serum CO2 24 mEq/1, serum C1− 103 mEq/1. Values after NH4C1 ingestion were 21.5, 18, & 112, respectively. Normally, in urine there is a rise of ≥ 36 mEq/TA per 24 hrs. The absence of renal response to VP and impairment of urine acidification on acid load may be a vitamin D effect. The presence of hyposthenuria in early infancy with later development of nephrocalcinosis suggest a true association with hPTH; previously unreported.