The volume of gases released from two grades of nuclear graphites, SM 1-24 and 7477 PT, was measured by gas mass-spectrometric method for estimating the open porosity of these materials. Metallic dummy specimens with the same dimensions as those of the graphite specimens were used to compensate the gap volume between specimen tube and specimen itself. The results indicated that the composition of gas released from these graphites was similar to that of air, and that the open porosity ranged from about 40 to 60% of their total porosity which was calculated from the true and bulk densities. [Received November 27, 1985]


Several growing media containing pine bark, coarse slightly decomposed peat, peat fibres, coarse wood fibres, sphagnum moss or coconut husk chips were compared as potting mixes for Phalaenopsis 'Pauline'. The eight different growing media were amended with 0.5 g/L of a water soluble complete fertilizer (N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O+MgO = 15+10+15+2 plus micronutrients) and adjusted to a pH (CaCl 2 ) of about 5.5. During the cultivation period, all plants were fertilized weekly with 50 ml of a standard nutrient solution containing (mg/L): 105 N, 15 P, 88 K, 9 Mg plus micronutrients. Additional nitrogen was added in all treatments except for 100% sphagnum moss, at a total rate of 120 mg N per plant, given in seven parts from week 9 to 15 after potting. Good or adequate quality plants could be produced in all tested growing media. There was no effect of the growing medium on plant size except for mixtures with coco chips, in which the plants remained smaller. The growing medium had a clear effect on flowering traits. Plants cultivated in mixes containing coarse wood fibres developed an equally high number of flower spikes and flowers as plants cultivated in the standard mixture of 70% pine bark and 30% coarse peat. Plants in mixes with coco chips had significantly less spikes and flowers whereas media containing sphagnum moss showed equally high numbers of flowers, but fewer spikes than plants in the standard mixture. Plants grown in mixes containing wood fibres or sphagnum moss had a well developed, superior root system.


Stanislaw Dylak claims significantly: "The school itself has never been under such pressure from the environment that it is experiencing nowadays", since nowadays media environment has been trying to introduce a well-planned education as well as to inspire and trigger immense socialization in terms of span and effectiveness. Never before have pupils had such "space" as they do today, the media space, digital space where they can spend their time, make friends, have fun with friends from the furthest places in the world. The school used to provide just an ersatz of that (Dylak 2013, p. 12). Therefore, the question about the future of the school is the one that is exploding today with great impetus. In my opinion, the school is and will be essential mainly because of a real socializing process that is performed via real interactions among pupils and with their teachers. At the same time, I am convinced that the school will be slightly different, it will be an interactive school in which we will observe professionalizing and intensification of interpersonal communication as well as interactive didactics which enables a very dynamic education process in good atmosphere, using the pupil's potential and with a wise use of media. A path leading to such a school is not easy as there are as many opportunities as difficulties and threats on the road but "it is the living we must follow, and leave the former life beneath…" (Adam Asnyk, transl. Jaroslaw Zawadzki).


While most analytical studies on handover performance assume exponential channel holding times, recent field measurements have shown that channel holding time follows a mixed lognormal distribution. In this paper, the impact of mixed lognormal channel holding time on the handover performance of guard channel scheme with first-in first-out (GCM-FIFO) queuing examined. Our results show that the handover performance of GCM-FIFO is almost the same as the one when the channel holding time follows an exponential distribution. Hence, to evaluate the handover performance of PCS networks where the channel holding time follows a mixed lognormal distribution, one could use the analytical framework developed for the case of exponential channel holding time distributions.


1. The fourth lobe in all testes of the pentatomid Brachystethus rubromaculatus shows an aberrant meiosis of a very definite character.2. The first indication of this aberrancy is found in a chain formation and clumping of the autosomal tetrads just prior to metaphase. The two sex chromosomes are not included in this aggregation of autosomes.3. At metaphase the X and the Y take a normal position in the spindle but the aggregate of autosomes is shunted laterally out of the middle region of the cell, away from the polar axis.4. The two sex chromosomes divide equationally in the first division while the autosomal aggregate passes unaltered to either pole.5. In the second division the X and Y again behave as in a normal meiosis and separate to opposite poles. The autosomal aggregate, if present, passes to either pole apparently at random.6. Since the clumped autosomal tetrads pass undivided through both divisions while the sex chromosomes behave normally, the following four main types of spermatids are produc...


Today's students face a wide range of complex moral dilemmas, and games have the potential to represent these dilemmas, thereby supporting formal ethics education. The potential of digital games to contribute in this way is being increasingly recognized, but the author argues that those interested in the convergence of games, ethics, and education should more fully consider analog games (i.e., games without a digital component). This argument draws from a qualitative study that focused on the use of an analog roleplaying game in an undergraduate activity that explored ethical issues related to politics, society, and culture. The results of this study are examined through an educational technology lens, which suggests that games (like other educational resources) afford and constrain learning and teaching in certain ways. These results demonstrate that this game afforded and constrained ethics education in both ways similar to digital games and ways unique to analog games.


We present on-chip, all-optical pulse erasure for enabling ultrahigh-bandwidth signal processing. 15 dB pump depletion is achieved for picoseconds pulses using the instantaneous χ(3) nonlinearity in a dispersion-engineered chalcogenide waveguide.


Effective pain management involves a cycle of continual pain assessment, good pain control strategies, and assessment of a standard quality improvement measures. A validated questionnaire that focuses on the quality of postoperative pain management in pediatric surgical patients and parental satisfaction on pain treatment is lacking. We, therefore, modified the revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire to evaluate the quality of postoperative pain management in a pediatric surgical setting. The primary aim of this study was to validate the modified version of revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire.


Background: Microlesion effect (MLE) is a commonly observed phenomenon after electrode insertion into the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for deep brain stimulation (DBS). Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of the MLE in the early postoperative period and the relationship between MLE and STN DBS. Methods: 74 patients with Parkinson's disease were included in this study. Motor symptoms were evaluated preoperatively, within 48 h after electrode implantation and at 6 months with United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III). According to the improvement level with MLE, all participants were stratified into three groups: (1) less than 20%; (2) 20–40%, and (3) more than 40% in OFF medication states. The degree of improvement in UPDRS-III with DBS ON for each MLE group was assessed at the 6-month follow-up. Regression analysis was applied for the evaluation of the relationship between MLE and improvement with DBS ON. Results: Mean results in UPDRS-III with the MLE in ON and OFF medication states were 22.1 ± 10.5 and 42.1 ± 14 points, respectively. At the 6-month follow-up, with active stimulation, results tended to further ameliorate to 14.6 (59.4%) points in ON and 20.8 (55.3%) in OFF. Mean improvement in MLE groups were: 33.6% group 1, 47.5% group 2 and 61.4% group 3. Regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between the MLE and results at 6 months with DBS ON. Conclusion: Results proved the presence of MLE in the early postoperative period. Furthermore, a positive correlation between MLE and improvement degree with active stimulation was observed.


This paper presents and discusses some final findings of a research on the automobile sector in Brazil, a country with the most advanced organisational experiences in production and supply chain organisation in this industry. The main objective is to build a broad, integrated and understandable framework of what is happening in the sector and what are the perspectives for local development of technological capability and local value adding, after the deep changes this industry has undergone in the last ten years. The research involved 224 autoparts companies, 7 final assemblers located in Brazil and 4 of their headquarters. A brief discussion on the various factors that may favour the consolidation of the firms located in Brazil is developed. Lessons learned in the effort to design an industrial policy to integrated growth, innovation and international insertion is also proposed.


This paper describes the fabrication of hollow particles using microbubble generation technique. Conventional hollow particle generation techniques relate to several problems such as long synthesis time and complicated process. In this study, we succeeded in the fabrication of hollow particles having a diameter of <5 μm by simply blowing cyanoacrylate vapor into water in the form of microbubbles. However, in order to apply the hollow particles for medical applications, it is required to decreasing the diameter. Therefore, in the form of microbubbles and examined the effect of pH and gas supply on the fabricated particles. As a result, hollow particles fabricated in pH 3 condition were much smaller than those fabricated in pH 7 condition, and the use of poorly-soluble gas increased the ratio of hollow particles to solid particles. The CA particles prepared in this study would possibly have excellent thermal and sound insulation properties owing to the hollow structure. Furthermore, though further downsizing of hollow particles are required, CA particles can find the application for drug delivery to the targeted sites.


Fine-grained visual classification (FGVC) is desired to classify sub-classes of objects in the same super-class. For the FGVC tasks, it is necessary to find subtle yet discriminative information from local areas. However, traditional FGVC approaches tended to extract strong discriminative features, and overlook some subtle yet useful features. Besides, current methods ignore the influence of background noises on feature extraction. Therefore, aggregated object localization combined with salient feature suppression are proposed, which is a stacked network. First, the feature maps extracted by the coarse network are fed into aggregated object localization to obtain complete foreground object in an image. Secondly, the refined features obtained through zooming in complete foreground object are fed into fine network. Finally, through finer network processing, the feature maps are fed into salient feature suppression module to find more valuable region discriminative features for classification. Experiment results on two datasets show that our proposed method can get superior result compared with state-of-the-art methods.


A number of poisons are currently registered in New Zealand for management of brushtail possums, a major introduced pest. Use of some 'old' pesticides such as strychnine, arsenic and warfarin has been discontinued, while others of similar vintage including sodium fluoroacetate (1080), cyanide and phosphorus are still used for ground-based possum control. Since the early 1990s two additional compounds, the anticoagulant brodifacoum and the Vitamin D analogue cholecalciferol, have been registered for ground-based possum control (Eason et al. 1994).


The miR‐196a2T>C and miR‐499A>G polymorphisms have been reported to be genetic risk factors for recurrent spontaneous abortion; however, that previous study focused on the genetic analyses of pregnant women rather than aborted fetuses. Because annexin A1 is a target of miR‐196a2 and is related to anti‐inflammation, miR‐196a2 may be immunologically important. Moreover, miR‐146a, miR‐149, miR‐196a2, and miR‐499 have shown associations with immune responses.


First things first: as a phonetician, I don't know what I'd do without Praat, developed by Paul Boersma and David Weenink at the University of Amsterdam. It is hands down the most versatile software package I use, free or otherwise. Fortunately, it's free (http://www.praat.org). Many people are familiar with it as acoustic analysis software, but in fact it is a whole suite of related programs, including acoustic analysis, sound recording, signal editing, speech synthesis, stimulus presentation and data collection for speech perception experiments, and some statistical procedures (multidimensional scaling analysis, for example). All that said, Praat can be a bit daunting for the new user. The interface is set up differently from most Windows-based software and differently from most other speech analysis programs. Thus, a short tour seems to be in order, although I highly recommend working your way through one of the many excellent tutorials available. Links to beginner's tutorials in several languages are provided on the Praat home page as well as the Intro page on the Praat help menu. When you first open the program, two windows will appear, the object window and the picture window. The picture window is primarily for graphical displays of signals or analyses for printing and/or saving to a given image format, encapsulated postscript (eps) or Windows metafile, primarily. From the Praat picture file, one may also copy images to the clipboard to be pasted into another document. What one cannot do from the picture window is interact with the signal to perform acoustic analysis. All analysis procedures are performed using the buttons or drop-down menus in the Objects window. So just close the Picture window if you're not planning on making a figure during that session. To open an existing sound file, choose "Read from file" from the "Read" drop-down menu. Your file will then appear as a "Sound" object in the Objects list. Once you've opened a sound, you may manipulate it in many ways, but most newer users will primarily use the "Edit" function. Once a sound is selected, click on the "Edit" button and a new window will appear. The drop-down menus within that window will allow you to perform most acoustic analysis measures that you would want, including narrowand wide-band spectrograms, fundamental frequency (pitch) tracking, intensity measurement, and automatic formant tracking. The parameters for each of these analyses are customizable via the labeled "Settings" option in the drop-down menu for the specified analysis. The "Query" menu allows you to easily enter a variety of measurements to a spreadsheet, as the text value for the measure in question appears in a pop-up window from which it can then be copied and pasted to another program. Selecting and zooming in to a portion of the signal is performed either by clicking and dragging on a portion of the signal and then clicking the "sel" button at the bottom of the window, or via the "Select" drop-down menu. Any selection can be extracted as a separate item in the Praat Objects menu or saved to a sound file, using the options in the "File" drop-down menu. Once you've selected a portion of the sound file you're interested in, you may want to modify it in a number of ways, or display its waveform in the Picture window using the "Draw" button in the Objects window. To display a spectrogram of the sound, however, you must first use the "To Spectrogram" option under the "Spectrum" button and then display it using the "Paint" button that will appear once the spectrogram is created. Finally, many repetitive tasks may be automated in Praat, using its scripting feature. Scripts may be written by hand, or a series of actions may be converted to a script using the "History" command in the scripting window. The "Experiment MFC" procedure will let you present relatively simple auditory perception experiments. Briefly, the experiment setup file must be created in advance as a text file and then read in using "Read from file" from the "Read" drop-down menu. Another outstanding feature of Praat is that the detailed Help pages also display the equations used in the analysis routines, in case verification of a procedure is needed. In summary, using Praat is well worth the possibly initially steeper learning curve if you plan to do any sort of acoustic analysis on a regular basis. For signal editing alone or for occasional analysis, another option may be preferable.


A flash-spectroscopic study of the quantum yield of the absorption change at 820 nm due to the electron donor, P700, has been carried out with vesicles enriched in the reaction centre of photosystem one of higher plant chloroplasts. Phosphorylation of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b containing protein complex (LHC-2) increases the chlorophyll to P700 ratio in the vesicles by 12 % and brings about a corresponding increase in efficiency of flash-induced P700 oxidation. It is thus argued that phosphorylated LHC-2 can transfer energy directly to photosystem one and that a mobile antenna system, controlled by its reversible phosphorylation state, regulates photosynthetic electron transport.


In this paper we study the resource-constrained project-scheduling problem with discounted cash flows. Each activity of this resource-constrained project-scheduling problem has certain resource requirements and a known deterministic cash flow that can be either positive or negative. Deterministic cash flows are assumed to occur over the duration of the activities. Progress payments and cash outflows occur at the completion of activities. The objective is to schedule the activities subject to a fixed deadline to maximize the net present value subject to the precedence and resource constraints. With these features the financial aspects of project management are taken into account.We introduce a depth-first branch-and-bound algorithm that makes use of extra precedence relations to resolve a number of resource conflicts and a fast recursive search algorithm for the max- npv problem to compute upper bounds. The recursive search algorithm exploits the idea that positive cash flows should be scheduled as early as possible while negative cash flows should be scheduled as late as possible within the precedence constraints. The procedure has been coded in Visual C++, Version 4.0 under Windows NT, and has been validated on two problem sets.


Describes the obvious advantages of wireless mobile multi-parameter physiological monitor, compared with the traditional physiological monitor and the basic structure of the hardware used for the basic hardware structure of mobile multi-parameter physiological monitor. Gives the design of the key circuits, such as the hardware design of monitoring emission and receive box, the design of ECG detection circuit, the design of respiration detection circuit and temperature detection circuit, etc.


Many noninvasive laboratory experiments lead to mathematical models involving the Abel integral equation. We present an example of such an experiment and then describe two classical ways of obtaining the solution to the Abel equation. Numerical implementation of this solution is often unsatisfactory because approximate differentiation of experimental data is required. An alternative approach based on the ''singular value decomposition'' is outlined and a brief description of a numerical algorithm based on this approach is given. A computer program employing this algorithm is used to solve three test problems. The results are presented graphically.


Aboriginal people will present issues that have influenced and affected the collective family group. The individual themselves may not have a direct experience with the said issues but the individual will present from a collective perspective. Therapists and Mental Health Professionals need to understand that you are assisting an individual who will speak of a collective experience, which needs to be understood as the affects of transgenerational trauma. In order to develop an understanding of this topic one needs to comprehend the complexities of Aboriginal Self which is outside of Western ideology. Australians First Nation peoples have had to endure the long-term negative affects of colonization that continues to give rise to further marginalization and exclusion. There is an ever-growing theory that suggests western societies including Australia have continued to operate in ways that feed historical injustice which reinforce and maintain minorities' low status. For example, Aboriginal mortality in Australia is more than 20 years less than mainstream population that is driven by the lack of access and equity to the standards and service that the wider population enjoys. Western medicine is symptomatology driven (e.g. substance abuse and mental health) rather than focus on causation. Mainstream system and western teachings are based on the principles of Western norms, ideology and the developmental stages of self. These western principles of self are limited as it fails to recognise, acknowledge, or include all aspects of Aboriginal self, which is outside of their cultural context.


Plantinga famously argues against evidentialism that belief in God can be properly basic. But the epistemology of cognitive faculties such as perception and memory which produce psychologically non-inferential beliefs shows that various inferentially justified theoretical beliefs are epistemically prior to our memory and perceptual beliefs, preventing the latter from being epistemically basic. Plantinga's analogy between the sensus divinitatis and these cognitive faculties suggests that the deliverances of the sensus divinitatis cannot be properly basic either. Objections by and on behalf of Plantinga to this argument are considered.


Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is a common retinal vascular disorder with potentially blinding complications. This review discussed some new researches on the treatments of CRVO about laser photocoagulation,drugs,surgery and traditional Chinese medicine,which have brought new concepts into the treatment.


The aim of this article is to create a control system for a constant hydraulic power source pressure, a pump -battery power source equipped with an original design of the hydraulic pump discharge machine that provides relay switching of its operation mode. This aim is achieved by using a simulation method based on the application of volumetric stiffness theory of hydraulic systems and their elements. As a result of a numerical experiment conducted by solving the equations that make up the mathematical model of power supply, its main technical characteristics and the influence of its main design parameters on its functional features and operational properties are obtained. The obtained results showed that by changing the various design parameters of unloading machine, it is possible not only to change the upper (maximum) and lower (minimum) values of the battery charging pressure, but also to adjust their difference depending on the requirements for the power source. The main result of this study is that as a result of a numerical experiment, it is proved that the unloading machine provides a clear relay switching of the pump operation mode from unloading to operating mode and Vice versa. The identified properties make a very promising use of a pump -battery power source in the hydraulic systems of mobile machines and process equipment.


In the paper a real-time SAR processor is presented. The processor has been developed as a part of the SARape (Synthetic Aperture Radar for all weather penetrating UAV application) project founded by the European Defence Agency. The processor receives raw radar signal, performs data correction, image formation and displays the results in real time. The core part of the processing is realized on graphics card using CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) technology.


BIOSECURITYSome life scientists are changing the way they do business because of security concerns, according to a U.S. survey released this week.


In the software tools studies, most of the evaluations were done within artificial contexts at labs. Although this approach can give instant feedback with low cost, the mock contexts are quite different from the real context and industrial developers are still confused with the experiment results. Our study provides a significant and low cost method to evaluate software tools with near real contexts.


Analyzing the theorem of cascade AWGs for dispersion compensation system, taking a linear chirp pulse for example, this article obtain the expression of compensated pulse distribution.


The objective of this study is to suggest an alternative about public-priviate partnership(ppp) in Korea. The analysis is focused on the public participant"s main role rather than priviate participant"s role of ppp projects because public participants can improve the public welfare of the ppp projects. To achieve this, we compared land ownership, management and finance system by 4 nations,:GMV Project in England, Minami Project in Japan, Arcueil and La vache Noire project in France and Messestadt Riem project in Germany. This analysis shows that the public participant"s role is devided 4 types; public driven ppp type(Arcueil and La vache Noire project by ANRU), coordinative committee type(GMV by EP and Minami by MINTO) and indirect intervention type(Messestadt Riem project). These case studies have one thing in common that the social and regional effect took priority over development gains. To achieve this in Korea, the public comprehensive control organization, guidance, techniques and policy about ppp management and evaluation are needed to generally manage and oversee the ppp projects.


compute multivariate generalizations of tau. Under the hypothesis of total independence in K dimensions, the computed quantities can be shown to have asymptotic normal distributions, thereby permitting a test of the total independence hypothesis. Significant taus will provide information about nonindependence.


Silicon oxide nanowire assemblies with lantern-like morphology were synthesized by thermal evaporation of the mixed powder of SnO2 and active carbon at 1000 °C and using the silicon wafer as substrate and source. The nano-lanterns were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), energy-dispersive spectroscope (EDS) and selective area electron diffraction (SAED). The results show that the nano-lantern has symmetrical morphology, with one end connecting with the silicon wafer and the other end being the tin ball. The diameter of the nano-lantern is about 1.5–3.0 µm. Arc silicon oxide nanowire assemblies between the two ends have diameters ranging from 70 to 150 nm. One single catalyst tin ball catalyzes more than one amorphous nanowires' growth. In addition, the growth mechanism of the nano-lantern is discussed and a growth model is proposed. The multi-nucleation sites round the Sn droplet's perimeter are responsible for the formation of many SiOx nanowires. The growing direction of the nanowires is not in the same direction of the movement of the catalyst tin ball, resulting in the bending of the nanowires and forming the lantern-like silicon oxide morphology. The controllable synthesis of the lantern-like silicon oxide nanostructure may have potential applications in the photoelectronic devices field.


Vocational classroom management is a learned skill, contains many details, they determine the success or failure of the work of counselors. This paper from the rules due to my employment details, details wisdom counselor, counselors image details, the details of punishment, the art of management details of the preliminary analysis of these aspects of counselors how to deal with these details.


Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the Visual- Motor Integration skills of 3 ½ years to 5 ½ years children with disability (CWD) and children without disability (CWOD). Design: A qualitative, cross-sectional observational design.
Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 60 children consisting of 30 children with disability and 30 children without disability groups. In the study, the Pre-school Visual Motor Integration Assessment (PVMIA), which was developed by Gertrude Deitchman and Cordelia Puttkammer (2001) was administered. It was found that the age creates a meaningful difference (p<0.004), (p<0.01) in the Visual Motor Integration skills of 42-65-months-old children without disability group. Whereas, in children with disability group it not significant. Study also emphasized that the performance of children without disability group are better than the performance of children with disability group. Whereas, gender and handedness dose not impact visual motor skills, as found in this study.


It is possible to develop bio-degradable medical materials by using the poor corrosion resistance of magnesium and its alloys, especially of two kinds of commercial magnesium alloys which contain rare earth according to their electrochemical corrosion properties and biocompatibility. The effect of chitosan coating on the corrosion properties is also studied. The results show that the chitosan coating can reduce the corrosion rate with different effects according to different surface modifications. It provides, a primary theory base for the magnesium alloy to be used as the materials for bio-degradable coronary artery stents.


Time-of-flight mass spectrometry is an important instrument for the investigation of proteins. Currently available devices are supplied with detectors the mass range of which is limited to approx. 100'000amu. In the current work, a new type of detector was developed. It is based on a superconducting-phase-transition thermometer (SPT) which calorimetrically detects every impinging particle, independent of its mass. The focus in the development of the new detector was a reduction of the signal rise times to achieve a high time- and thus mass resolution. For the operation of the SPT at temperatures around ~100mK a modified mass spectrometer had to be built which in particular is fitted with an ion reflector which is cooled by liquid nitrogen. The best time resolution was 1.1µs. The presence of a sample volume of only 1amtomole of insulin could be proven. The protein with the highest atomic weight detectable up to now had a mass of approx. 150'000amu (immuno-globuline G).


This paper proposes and makes a study of a new model for volatility index option pricing. Factors such as mean-reversion, jumps, and stochastic volatility are taken into consideration. In particular, the positive volatility skew is addressed by the jump and the stochastic volatility of volatility. Daily calibration is used to check whether the model fits market prices and generates positive volatility skews. Overall, the results show that the mean-reverting logarithmic jump and stochastic volatility model called MRLRJSV in the paper serves as the best model in all the required aspects. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A highly automated monitoring and control system for studying radon and radon-daughter behavior in residences has been designed and built. The system has been installed in a research house, a test space contained in a two-story wood-framed building, which allows us to conduct controlled studies of (1) pollutant transport within and between rooms, (2) the dynamics of radon daughter behavior, and (3) techniques for controlling radon and radon daughters. The system's instrumentation is capable of measuring air-exchange rate, four-point radon concentration, individual radon daughter concentrations, indoor temerature and humidity, and outdoor weather parameters (temperature, humidity, modules, wind speed, and wind direction). It is also equipped with modules that control the injection of radon and tracer gas into the test space, the operation of the forced-air furnace, the mechanical ventilation system, and the mixing fans located in each room. A microcomputer controls the experiments and records the data on magnetic tape and on a printing terminal. The data on tape is transferred to a larger computer system for reduction and analysis. In this paper we describe the essential design and function of the instrumentation system, as a whole, singling out those components that measure ventilation rate, radon concentration, and radon daughtermore » concentrations.« less


Today's nanochips contain billions of transistors on a single die that integrates whole electronic systems as opposed to sub-system parts. Together with ever higher frequency performances resulting from transistor scaling and material improvements, it thus become possible to include on the same silicon chip analog functionalities and communication circuitry that was once reserved to only an elite class of compound III-V semiconductors. It appears that the last stretch of Moore's scaling down to 5 nm range, only limited by fabrication at atomic dimensions and fundamental physics of conduction and insulation, these systems will only become more capable and faster, due to novel types of transistor geometries and functionalities as well as better integration of passive elements, antennas and novel isolation approaches. Accordingly, this chapter is an example to how RF-CMOS integration may benefit from use of a novel multi-gate transistors called FinFETs or double-gate MOSFETs (DG-MOSFETs). More specifically, we hope to illustrate how radio frequency wireless communication circuits can be improved by the use of these novel transistor architectures.


Analysis of Liquidity Ratios and Profitability Ratios in Ogan Komering Ulu District Water Supply Company. The formulation of the problem in this study is how liquidity ratios and profitability ratios in Ogan Komering Ulu Regional Water Supply Company? The purpose of this study was to determine the liquidity ratios and profitability ratios in the Regional Water Supply Company of Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. Data analysis techniques used in research using qualitative and quantitative analysis with descriptive methods. The type of data used are primary data and secondary data. From the results of the analysis of the calculation of the level of liquidity of the Regional Water Supply Company of Ogan Komering Ulu Regency during 2014-2017, the average value of the quick ratio was 903.5%, current ratio 1,008.75% and cash ratio of 58.75%. This shows that the company is in good condition because it has exceeded industry standards where the company is able to fulfill its short-term obligations. And the level of profitability over the past four years, namely 2014-2017, is not in a good condition because the calculation of net profit margin, return on investment, and return on equity has a negative value, this is because the company always loses and has not been able to manage the source of funds owned efficient and effective. Keywords : Analysis of financial ratios, liquidity, profitability


Retail chains in China have been booming in the past 5 years, particularly for small 100 ft2 stores. This study focus on evaluating the location of small chain stores, including 5 major concerns regarding site selection: (a) stream of people, (b) group of stores, (c) location characteristics, (d) store space, and (e) rent proportional to sales. We divided these categories into 9 major factors for store evaluation: (a) area residents, (b) crowd flow rate in front of a store, (c) target customer number within a 1, 500 m radius, (d) complementary stores within 30 m, (e) exclusive stores within 20 m, (f) suitable location, (g) unsuitable location, (h) usable store space, and (i) ratio between rent and sales amount. This research tests our evaluation model using the multifactor line regression method. The proven approach provides the retailer with a fast and reliable store site-selection method to acquire a profitable new store.


From an economic perspective, Turkey is at the crossroads where it could break the middle-income trap and become a high-income country provided that the right socio-economic policies are implemented. Turkey's current leadership has set itself an ambitious goal to that effect, that of becoming one of the top ten economies in the world by 2023, the one hundredth anniversary of the foundation of the Turkish Republic. This will require policies to ensure that per-capita GDP more than doubles over its current level to reach US$25,000. Such an economic performance would allow Turkey to pack a much stronger punch in both regional and global affairs—economically and geopolitically. Meantime, the country continues to stand at the crossroads trying to chart its path forward. This chapter provides a historical perspective, a comparative macro-analysis, and an institutional analysis, and concludes with an analysis of the Turkey–EU relationship now and into the future.


In the continual pursuit of classroom learning effectiveness, researchers and educators aim to develop strategies that improve student performance and learning. One such strategy is to create academically homogeneous environments where students are grouped into classes based on their preconceived academic ability. The research team hypothesizes that the students placed in homogenous ability groups, regardless of ability level placement, will perform better than they would in normal heterogeneous classes. Students during the AY 18-01 were placed in either ability or randomly grouped sections of MA206 based on mathematical projections of a student's historical mathematical performance. The analysis uses data across major graded events, as well as qualitative data in the form of end-of-course surveys to gauge student and faculty feedback. A quantitative analysis of these results indicates that there is not a significant difference in student performance between ability and randomly grouped sections.


Honesty and credit" have been venerated by people for centueries and they are also a kind of virtue which people should carry forward at present.In this article the author has probed into the thoughts of honesty and credit,which were rich in The Book of Changes,and has elucidated their important functions and practical significance in administration,social intercourse and daily life.


Risk of personal injury or property damage from rainfall-triggered debris-flow events can be expressed in terms of expected losses if the probability that a potentially hazardous event will occur can be combined with economic data about the value of property and infrastructure that could be lost from such an event. A realistic forecast of expected losses could provide an economic basis for community choices about whether, when, and how to impose regulations for mitigation (such as grading or land use constraints) and assign responsibilities for warning and hazard response. Experience in some landslide-prone communities where grading codes require preconstruction site studies has demonstrated that sufficiently detailed geotechnical studies can provide site-specific deterministic assessments of risks that can be reduced through mitigation (see, for example, Slosson and Krohn, 1982). However, because detailed site studies are relatively costly, geotechnical studies are not commonly made at sites where no significant financial commitment has already been made. Cost also commonly prohibits application of those methods to the kinds of regional assessments that are needed to support responsible decisions for community action. To be timely, regional risk assessments should take advantage of earth-science data (especially topographic, geologic, and soils maps) that already exist or can be acquired rapidly by reconnaissance techniques. To the extent that the elements of the map data are analogous to variables in established geotechnical models, their relations are expected to parallel those in the models; yet the use of existing regional map data and rainfall records from scattered gaging localities introduces greater uncertainty about spatial and temporal variations in earth materials and rainfall than is normally applied in geotechnical analyses of stability. Probability offers a means to characterize that uncertainty quantitatively. A map sequence that displays changes in the spatial distribution of probabilities provides a way to identify the areas of greatest hazard potential and a visual way to evaluate their relations to topographic or cultural features that may be in harms way. It has been a fairly common practice for regional data to be synthesized into qualitative susceptibility maps delineating, for example, map units of high, moderate, and low potential for hazard. The qualitative maps can be used by skilled professional planners to guide decisions about land use regulation. However, they cannot be applied directly to a quantitative economic assessment of risk, and maps made by different individuals and agencies for different areas may not be comparable even in a qualitative sense. Probability maps, which can be prepared by


The activity of tungsten-containing catalysts in the reaction of isomerization of butene-1 to butenes-2 was studied in the work. The results obtained showed that the ^ introduction of the second element into the composition of the tungsten oxide catalyst had a different effect on its activity in the butene-1 isomerization reaction. It was established that an increase in the amount of molybdenum in the composition of a binary tungsten-containing catalyst at low temperatures leads to a decrease in the degree of butene-1 isomerization while at high temperatures it leads to an increase in the rate of butene-1 isomerization. It found that the addition of titanium to the composition of the tungsten oxide catalyst leads to an increase in the butene-1 isomerization rate. When copper is added to the composition of the tungsten oxide catalyst, the total yield of butene-2 passes through a maximum, and on samples rich in copper, the isomerization of butene-1 practically does not occur. It revealed that the activity of binary tungsten oxide catalysts in the isomerization reaction of butene-1 to butenes-2 changes in the following order: Ti-W-O > Mo-W-O > Cu-WO.


This is a brief and readable book dealing with certain important moral and social problems. It is good reading for the average person. But it must be said that it presents no new points of view, and does not throw any additional light upon the problems discussed. It devotes more space to the prohibition question than to any other and gives only a scant seventeen pages to the" Abolition of Poverty" and eighteen to the question of "Industrial Relations". Brevity is, of course, no sign of the absence of insight; hut one could hardly expect from Solomon himself !-tny great illumination of such vast problems within such hrip" compass. C. S. GARDNER.


In this paper, the effects of surface roughness and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) combined together with squeeze film characteristics of micropolar fluid on the parallel stepped plate are analyzed. On the basis of Christensen's theory, the one-dimensional structure of the radial and azimuthal roughness patterns is considered. The modified stochastic Reynold's equation is derived for these two types of roughness patterns by taking into account micropolar fluid. The analytical approximation solution for mean fluid film pressure and workload is obtained. The results are compared between the MHD and non-MHD cases. On the whole, it is observed that with an increase in roughness parameter, the pressure and workload increase with distance and height respectively.


ANOZOL~L reactive dyeing process is carried out at temperature of 40℃.It is said that ANOZOL~L reactive dyestuffs has low sensitivity to electrolyte,alkali,dyeing temperature and time,bath ratio,water quality,as well as good compatibility and color fastness,it is an eco product with color ranging from medium to dark.


inoculations in Berlin and here pure cultures of the tubercle bacillus obtained from the tuberculosis of man, and they produced exactly the same picture with recovery in one set and caseation and destruction of the eye in another set. So far as I have followed it up, it never generalizes itself through the body. So it comes in analogy with similar cases of local tuberculosis, with strumous glands, etc., which in the majority of cases get well whether extirpated or not, and the individuals get entirely healthy. In other cases, they may lead to general tuberculosis. This seems to lie in the life history of the tubercle bacillus, which in the majority of cases is slow and probably exhausts itself or is killed in the surrounding tissue, while in other cases it leads to acute disease. It certainly is the same agent. It develops rapidly to destruction in one, in others its vitality dies out and the organism in cast off. This can be due only to difference in the surroundings. In one case the body is much healthier and can survive the slow growth of the bacillus. In other cases the surroundings are more favorable and there is not vitality enough to tide the life of the individual over the life history of the pathological process. This is what we see in most infectious diseases; otherwise none of us would live.


If we are to improve the system of programs serving children with disabilities, we must first establish principles to guide the hard choices about who should benefit and what types of benefits should be provided. The authors present an invaluable, comprehensive inventory of the major programs now available, including definitions of disability, eligibility conditions, and service and cash benefits--all of which differ widely from program to program. This systematic assessment, accompanied by a description of the issues and data needs that must be addressed, forms the basis of the authors' suggested principles.


Introduction Until fairly recently, the thalamus was written off as merely a machine-like relay of peripheral information to the cortex. That is how textbooks still generally depict the thalamus, if they do so at all. However, work in the past few decades hasmade clear that the thalamus has complex intrinsic circuitry and connections with the cortex that belie any such simple function. Indeed, we now appreciate that the thalamus plays a major role in cortical functioning beyond the relay of peripheral information to the cortex. In this account, I start with an overview of thalamic circuitry. I then move on to details of thalamocortical and corticothalamic organization, starting with a cataloguing of synaptic types involved in this circuitry and finishing with speculations about what some of these details mean writ large. I will try to separate actual experimental data from speculation and hypothesis.


In naturalistic settings, the sustained knowledge-building and collaborative learning of small virtual groups and online learning communities require that co-participants overcome a wide range of gaps in their interactions. We present an analysis of sequences of online collaborative problem-solving sessions held by teams of non-collocated mathematics students as part of the Virtual Math Teams (VMT) online community. Our analysis is aimed at understanding how teams of participants in VMT " bridge " the apparent discontinuity of their interactions (e.g. multiple collaborative sessions, teams, tasks, and perspectives) and exploring the role that such " bridging activity " plays in their knowledge building over time. In particular, we examine how bridging allows participants to construct and maintain a joint problem space over time and to manage participation based on it. In addition, we reflect on how these insights might inform the design of appropriate computational supports for long-term collaborative knowledge building.


The pace of economic activity and the direction of economic policy in South Africa have frequently been governed by the state of the balance of payments. This was often true in the 1970s which can be regarded as the watershed decade in the South African economy during the postwar period. After a period of steady and relatively high economic growth in the 1950s and 1960s the level and pace of economic activity in South Africa became erratic in the 1970s and with hindsight it is obvious that a structural break in the country's growth trend occurred during the middle of the decade. In the industrial countries the age of postwar economic growth also came to an end during the often turbulent 1970s. Table 1 clearly indicates the decline in average economic growth in a number of countries during the 1970s.


The activity of benzidine and three structurally related carcinogens in an in vivo/in vitro rat liver assay for unscheduled DNA synthesis is described. The first three of these chemicals, benzidine, 4-aminobiphenyl (4AB) and Direct Black 38 have been reported as positive in this assay by other investigators, albeit the data reported for 4AB were limited. The fourth compound, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine has not been studied in this assay before. Each compound gave a clear positive response under conditions of routine testing.


PURPOSE: A system for optimally controlling a sensory temperature based on humidity is provided to reduce an inner temperature in a livestock shed by including a variable fan to inhale external air. CONSTITUTION: A thermometer measures an inner temperature. A hygrometer measures inner humidity. A variable fan(100) includes a motor(111) and a fan. A plurality of variable fans are formed in a vinyl house or a livestock shed. A control unit receives the change value of a sensor temperature.


A holographic method is proposed for recording of objects which change with time. A plane wave scattered by an object reaches a hologram via a scattering plate and a moving slit, which transform the time to the space coordinate. The method is suitable for interferometric investigations of the development of arc discharges. A series of successive states of an object can be recorded as a series of holograms, each of which is exposed for about 40 μsec.


For some years I taught Evidence from a traditional casebook. After growing dissatisfaction I changed in 1968 to a set of problems I designed for class discussion by students after they had prepared themselves by studying the McCormick Evidence Hornbook. After a number of years' experience with the problems I found I could reasonably well predict what responses students would make and had developed a pattern of questions designed to lead them to fuller understanding. I decided that the fairly predictable dialogue with the students could be reduced to a programmed format and in 1974 I wrote such a self-instruction program. This made available to me a third method for teaching the course in Evidence.


Background: Zinc plays an important role in controlling both generations and also detoxifies free oxygen radicals that can damage membrane lipids and sulfhydryl groups. Zinc in particular has an action that prevents membrane damage induced by superoxide radicals that produce NADPH oxidase. The use of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in agriculture had a significant impact on crop growth regulation, improved quality and improved stress tolerance. Hence, the current study aimed to study the foliar spray effect of nanoscale zinc oxide (25 nm mean particle size) at different concentrations and chelated bulk zinc suphate (ZnSO4) and comparable control (unsprayed) in peanut to investigate the oxidative stress induction and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, POD, CAT) under conditions of water stress. Methods: The experimental design was a randomized block design with two water regimes as main treatments viz., well watered (WW) and water stress (WS) conditions, eight foliar sprays along with unsprayed treatment (control) as sub treatments and 3 replications. The eight foliar spray treatments, includes nanoscale ZnO concentrations @ 10, 20, 40, 50, 100, 300, 1000 ppm, chelated bulk ZnSO4 (EDTA based) @ 0.1% (recommended dose). The antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, POD, CAT) under conditions of both WW and WS was determined in the lab using UV spectrophotometer.
Result: The results of pot culture experiment revealed that nanoscale ZnO at a concentration of 50 ppm increased biomass and pod yield and promoted antioxidant enzyme activity under water stress and well watered conditions compared to chelated bulk ZnSO4. Nanoscale ZnO showed increased activity under lower concentrations and inhibitory activity at higher concentrations that highlights the need for careful use of these particles in agriculture.


LaCoO_3 doped with Ce catalysts were tested for the reduction of SO_2 by CO and simultaneous reduction of SO_2 and NO by CO to elemental S and N_2. The activities for desulfurization and denitrification were decreased because of the Ce doping. Over 99% conversion in SO_2 and over 99% selectivity to elemental S could be achieved under the following conditions: catalyst, LaCoO_3; temeperature, 600 ℃; and gas hourly space velocity, 21.6 L/h·g. Simultaneous reduction of SO_2 and NO by CO to elemental S could be achieved as well. Over 99% conversion in SO_2 and NO could be achieved simultaneously under the following conditions: temeperature, 500 ℃; and gas hourly space velocity 2.16 L/h·g.


DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) are genetic changes that can produce adverse effects in numerous human diseases, including cancer. Various techniques exist to identify them, but the problem is far from solved and the prohibitive computational costs rule out many approaches. We show how the current state-of-the-art model hmmmix can be trained using variational methods with minimal assumptions. We show how this allows for partial patients clustering and how it partly addresses the difficult issue of determining the number of clusters to use. We compare our technique with the current best and show how it can handle very large datasets.


Latin America is a laboratory to study the mechanics of implementing UHC. A common enemy for these governments during the past 20 years has been social inequality. Notions of solidarity, civil society activism, and collective action have therefore been important guiding principles for decision makers. Policies directed at achieving equity, combined with economic growth to create fi scal space for investments in health, have seen 60 million people lifted out of poverty. 4 But despite these successes, Latin American health systems face considerable challenges—persistently wide disparities in health outcomes, fragmentation of health systems, inequitable fi nancing, health services poorly adapted to population needs, and sustainability. These challenges are facing other countries struggling to protect and strengthen their advances towards UHC—eg, in China, Thailand, and even Japan. Can the experience of Latin American nations provide evidence to assist countries facing similar predicaments? The great gap that now exists for countries trying to deliver UHC is access to a library of knowledge—evidence, experience, and resources—to assist their decision making. If countries had a reliable and independent source of information about the advantages and disadvantages, benefi ts and unanticipated harms, of one particular policy over another, each nation might be able to avoid the mistakes of the past. At present, no such library exists. This Series could provide the basis for such a regional and eventually glob al resource—and enable a post-2015 target for UHC to be a realistic hope.


To get higher accuracy ground sampled distances and to improve the imaging resolution for aerial remote sensing instruments,this paper analyzes the reasons that a remote sensing instrument is out of focus.Based on the characteristics and structures of the optical system for a push-scan aerial remote sensing instrument,it designs an image plane focusing structure to compensate the motion error of the focusing structure.In design,an eccentric cam with inner and outer curves is used to ensure the position stabilization of the CCD sensor when the remote sensing instrument is imaging.The motion error is tested to verify the validity of the simulation result.The test shows that the error is less than 0.04 mm,which meets using demands.The focusing method of moving focal plane proposed is suitable for aerial remote sensing instruments whose focal length is shorter and size is smaller.


Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (third and fourth instar) workers from a laboratory colony were subjected to 0°C for either 10 or 30d after having been exposed to 10°C for varied periods from 0 to 30d. Worker mortality increased with increased exposure to 10°C. The lowest percentage of mortality was observed in workers exposed to 0°C for 10d after 0d of 10°C acclimation. Workers exposed to 0°C for 30d exhibited high mortality rates regardless of the duration of the 10°C acclimation periods. The supercooling point of laboratory reared termite workers generally increased with prolonged exposure to 10°C. Termite workers subjected to 0°e for 10d did not exhibit lower supercooling points following increased acclimation periods at 10°. However, termites subjected to 0° for 30d generally did exhibit decreased supercooling points following increased exposure to acclimation temperatures at 10°C. Lower lethal temperatures were higher than the super cooling points for laboratory workers exposed to 10°C for 0, 1, and 10d and for field collected workers during the months of May to July 1992. However, lower lethal temperatures were lower than supercooling points for laboratory termites exposed to 10° for 20 and 30d and for field collected termites during the months of September to November 1992. These data indicate that 10°C cold acclimation of R. flavipes does not result in lower supercooling points in either laboratory maintained or field collected samples. However, decreased lower lethal temperatures in response to either cooler seasonal temperatures or longer exposure does indicate that a switch from prefreeze mortality to freeze tolerance may be occurring.


This paper explores empirically the relationship between the Monetary Policy in the U.S. and the real exchange rate MXN/USD over the period 1996-2012 with monthly data. We consider a cointegration approach using a model of real exchange rate fundamentals as in Goldfajn and Valdes (1999), where the international interest rate is used as an indicator of the monetary policy in the U.S. We find evidence of cointegration and a negative long run elasticity of real exchange rate with respect to the international interest rate. On the other hand, the results from error correction estimates indicate that the adjustment process that follows a disequilibrium in the long run relationship of the real exchange rate and its fundamentals lasts approximately ten periods.


The past century has seen a steady increase in the need of estimating and predicting complex systems and making (possibly critical) decisions with limited information. Although computers have made possible the numerical evaluation of sophisticated statistical models, these models are still designed by humans because there is currently no known recipe or algorithm for dividing the design of a statistical model into a sequence of arithmetic operations. Indeed enabling computers to think as humans have the ability to do when faced with uncertainty is challenging in several major ways: (1) Finding optimal statistical models remains to be formulated as a well posed problem when information on the system of interest is incomplete and comes in the form of a complex combination of sample data, partial knowledge of constitutive relations and a limited description of the distribution of input random variables. (2) The space of admissible scenarios along with the space of relevant information, assumptions, and/or beliefs, tend to be infinite dimensional, whereas calculus on a computer is necessarily discrete and finite. With this purpose, this paper explores the foundations of a rigorous framework for the scientific computation of optimal statistical estimators/models and reviews their connections with During the past century the need to solve large complex problems in applications such as fluid dynamics, neutron transport or ballistic prediction drove the parallel development of computers and numerical methods for solving ODEs and PDEs. It is now clear that this development lead to a paradigm shift. Before: each new PDE required the development of new theoretical methods and the employment of large teams of mathematicians and physicists; in most cases, information on solutions was only qualitative and based on general analytical bounds on fundamental solutions. After: mathematical analysis and computer science worked in synergy to give birth to robust numerical methods (such as finite element methods) capable of solving a large spectrum of PDEs without requiring the level of expertise of an A. L. Cauchy or level of insight of a R. P. Feynman. This transformation can be traced back to sophisticated calculations performed by arrays of human computers organized as parallel clusters and to fundamental work such as the 1947 paper by John Von Neumann and Herman Goldstine on Numerical Inverting of Matrices of High Order [151].


Respiratory infections are a common cause of pediatric hospitalization and death in developing countries, but the specific cause is often undefined. These investigators requested permission for autopsy of all children who died of respiratory infections at a Zambian teaching hospital from mid-September 1997 to mid-June 2000. Twenty-five percent of the families consented, and …


Reaction of 1,2-diaryl-3-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium iodides 1a-i with alkaline solutions afforded N-aroyl-N-aryl-N'-methyltrimethylenediamines 2a-i. Compounds 2 are stable under acid conditions but in neutral or alkaline media spontaneously rearrange giving N-aroyl-N'-aryl-N-methyltrimethylenediamines 3a-i. Treating compounds 3 with concentrated acids reverse reaction takes place.

Kinetic studies were performed on this intramolecular N N' aroyl transfer over the Ho-pH range -0.9 to 2.30. Compounds 3 undergo acyl transfer to give 2 by a mechanism which involves a change in the rate determining step from formation to acid-catalysed decomposition of a six-membered heterocyclic intermediate on going from Ho to pH values. The existence of maxima in the pH rate profile allow to determine apparent pKa values of the hexahydropyrimidine intermediates which gave good correlation with the Swain F substituent constants. Stability of these heterocycles was also predicted by determination of thermodinamic parameters. Comparisons are made with the behaviour of five-membered heterocyclic intermediates (imidazolidine derivatives) which were studied in an earlier paper.


Present knowledge of cerebral vascular disease is inadequate from a clinical standpoint. The unfavorable events can be expertly recognized, but only after they have occurred, and while patients tend in most circumstances to recover, the active contribution of the physician is limited and, it must be said, unrewarding. A hundred scholarly and esoteric syndromes of neurological damage can be recited, but not a single nerve cell can be restored; and i t is not even clear that the efforts made actually enhance the functions of the damaged nervous system, although it is beginning to appear that they do, for many patients, forestall or prevent the vascular accident. This writing examines a diversity of recent contributions, not as an exhaustive review but as a scenting out of provocation and discontentment, as a train of doubts and queries; i t is oriented clinically, but i t begins with a consideration of fundamentals, or of such of them as happen to be interesting in this view, and i t ends with prospects either real or fantastic of which some at least are likely to materialize in future practice. Possibly if some of the questions posed were satisfactorily answered in the next century or two, the situation should be improved; or possibly if a single question appealed to the mind of one investigator, the problem should be revolutionized in a decade. Out of respect for the reader's scholarship, and his time, fundamentals are not recited, except occasionally where they bear upon the discussion following. Comparatively few references are given, any of them being a sufficient guide to the whole volume of inquiry.


This article builds a model for explaining the development of supranationalism in EU police cooperation, especially concerning Europol. This framework is also helpful for understanding the role of police cooperation in EU counter-terrorism policy. The article begins with a critical analysis of the analytical framework first development in my 2003 book and refines this based key events since 2002, as well a few important scholarly perspectives. According to the new model, supranationalism is explained by 'interest shapers,' which include the 'spillover-enlargement effect,' crises and shocks, and concerns for national sovereignty, democracy, and pragmatism. The development of these interests and the resulting supranationalism are also affected by 'institutional dynamics,' including entrepreneurship, path dependency, and bureaucratic resistance. These factors help to explain recent events and predict future developments concerning EU police cooperation.


How can socialist economies make the transition to the free market? Jan Winiecki, of the University of Warsaw, explains some of the difficulties and concludes that reform in the Soviet Union may only be achieved after a military coup.


an megalopolis, a code for townscape preservation, in which four areas are designated as the preservation districts. The code itself is not a regulation with legal force. But it is a means to provide subsidies to authentic preservations and landscape enhancements. This paper aims to clarify characteristics of the code by analyzing the preservation/landscape-enhancement standards and then to review the result of the code execution based on the case study of two preservation district located in the central part of Nagoya city. Nagoya city, as an active megalopolis, has a unique code for townscape preservation, in which four areas are designated as the preservation districts. The code itself is not a regulation with legal force. But it is a means to provide subsidies to authentic preservations and landscape enhancements. This paper aims to clarify characteristics of the code by analyzing the preservation/ landscape-enhancement standards and then to review the result of the code execution based on the case study of two preservation district located in the central part of Nagoya city.


The antigens of red blood cells have some advantages for studies of immune phenomena, deriving mainly from the diverse tests that may be applied to the detection of antibody populations with differing activities, and the ease with which antibodies of different specificities may be separated by the technique of antibody absorption. My brief discussion here will not attempt to survey all of the erythrocyte studies that may have bearing on tolerance phenomena, but will be largely a personal history of investigations that have not been adequately described in previous publications. Our point of departure will be the stable erythrocyte mixtures usually found in twin cattle (Owen 1945). It had been a general experience of the Wisconsin group working with immunogenetics of dairy cattle to observe an apparent identity of blood types in twin cattle much more often than would have been expected from the known frequency of identical twinning. The basis of this phenomenon was called prominently to our attention by a case of superfecundation, in which a pair of twins having sires of different breeds could each be shown to have a mixture of red cells of two different sorts, each type derived from one of the co-twins. Studies of these twins over a period of several years showed that the mixture was quantitatively stable in each twin—a clear demonstration that erythrocyte precursors from each twin foetus had become established in the other and had conferred on their new host a tolerance toward these foreign cells that lasted throughout the life of the animal. We extended our studies to about 100 additional twin pairs, and to higher multiple births, including a set of quintuplet calves (Owen, Davis & Morgan 1946). Typically, the two cell types were found in approximately equal numbers in each twin, the proportion varying in different twin-pairs from 50-50 to 40- 60, with a few pairs well outside that range. When one cell type was in excess in one twin, the same type was commonly in excess in the other as well. There was therefore no evidence that the foreign cells were ever at any selective disadvantage. Furthermore, when the two zygotic types differed in antigens controlled by several independent genetic loci, there was never evidence of intermediate cellular constitutions. This appeared to rule out any possibility that transformation at the sub-cellular level occurs in the development of erythrocytes of cattle; the cells develop with complete autonomy, according to their particular genetic constitutions.


The invention discloses a firefighting emergency power supply system, which comprises a main supply input module, a storage battery, an inverter module, a first processor module and a second processor module, wherein the storage battery is electrically connected with the main supply input module and provides an original power supply for the system, the inverter module is used for realizing three-phase inversion or single-phase inversion and is connected with the storage battery, the first processor module is electrically connected with the inverter module so as to generate an original driving signal for driving the inverter module, and the second processor module is respectively and electrically connected with the main supply input module, the storage battery, the inverter module and the first processor module so as to control the modules to normally operate. The firefighting emergency power supply system disclosed by the invention adopts a dual processor, so that the development difficulty of the system is greatly reduced, the operation speed of the whole system is accelerated, and the fault rate is well improved.


Companies that produce goods in a large capacity, if there is no good control will cause a risk. The purpose of this research is to identify operational risks that occur and provide strategies to reduce failed products that can be applied by PT. XYZ. The research method used is to use the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the calculation uses Generalized Pareto Distribution and uses the Root Cause Analyze strategy. So, companies must pay more attention to the condition of raw materials and check the inventory of raw materials that have been damaged before processing in order to avoid greater losses in the future


Abstract The paper offers an attempt to determine whether emissions from the unconventional gas industry are associated with hospitalisations in the Darling Downs, Queensland, Australia. Hospitalisation data were obtained from the Darling Downs Hospital and Health Services (DDHHS) and Coal Seam Gas (CSG) emissions data from the National Pollutants Inventory (NPI). Hospital admissions for circulatory and respiratory conditions, controlled for population, increased significantly from 2007 to 2014 (p < 0.001). Acute circulatory admissions increased 133% (2198–5141) and acute respiratory admissions increased 142% (1257–3051). CSG emissions increased substantially over the same period: nitrogen oxides (489% to 10,048 tonnes), carbon monoxide (800% to 6800 tonnes), PM10 (6000% to 1926 tonnes), volatile organic compounds (337% to 670 tonnes) and formaldehyde (12 kg to over 160 tonnes). Increased cardiopulmonary hospitalisations are coincident with the rise in pollutants known to cause such symptoms. Apparently, controls to limit exposure are ineffectual. The burden of air pollution from the gas industry on the wellbeing of the Darling Downs population is a significant public health concern.


Feature selection (FS) is a fundamental pattern recognition problem, which aims to reduce the number of features used for recognition, with an acceptable accuracy. Unfortunately, the FS problem belongs to the set of NP-hard problems, that many approaches have been developed to solve it. In this paper a metaheuristic based on artificial bee colony optimization is presented to effective feature subset selection. Artificial bee colony is a novel optimization algorithm inspired of the natural behavior of honey bees in their search process for the best food sources. In this paper a new hybrid approach based on artificial neural networks and artificial bee colony optimization algorithm is proposed, that achieves an efficient feature subset. For evaluation of the selected subsets by the bees an artificial neural network was used as classifier. The predictive accuracy of selected subsets by the bees, and the length of the feature subset vector are considered as heuristic information for the bees. Obtained results show that proposed algorithm has better solution quality than the other wrapper and filter approaches. Keywords-feature subset selection; neural networks; artificial bee colony optimization; wrapper approaches;


We explore the (non-)universality of Martinez's conjecture, originally proposed for Kerr black holes, within and beyond general relativity. The conjecture states that the Brown-York quasilocal energy at the outer horizon of such a black hole reduces to twice its irreducible mass, or equivalently, to $\sqrt{A}/2\sqrt{\ensuremath{\pi}},$ where A is its area. We first consider the charged Kerr black hole. For such a spacetime, we calculate the quasilocal energy within a two-surface of constant Boyer-Lindquist radius embedded in a constant stationary-time slice. Keeping with Martinez's conjecture, at the outer horizon this energy equals $\sqrt{A}/2\sqrt{\ensuremath{\pi}}.$ The energy is positive and monotonically decreases to the ADM mass as the boundary-surface radius diverges. Next we perform an analogous calculation for the quasilocal energy for the Kerr-Sen spacetime, which corresponds to four-dimensional rotating charged black hole solutions in heterotic string theory. The behavior of this energy as a function of the boundary-surface radius is similar to the charged Kerr case. However, we show that it does not approach the expression conjectured by Martinez at the horizon.


According to the using of the Hard Disk Auto-Broadcasting System in Chuzhou TV station,this paper analyzes the main structure of the Gefei Magi1000 Hard Disk Auto-Broadcasting System database,the connection of the each software module and database table of Broadcasting System.It presents the improvement advice for the deficiency of the database structure and software module on using and maintenance.


Epoxy resins are increasingly finding applications in the field of structural engineering. A wide variety of epoxy resins are available, and some of them are characterized by relatively low toughness. Several approaches to improve epoxy resin toughness include the addition of fillers, rubber particles, thermoplastics, or their hybrids, as well as interpenetrating networks and flexibilizers, such as polyols. It seems that this last approach did not receive much attention. So in an attempt to fill this gap, the present work deals with the use of hydroxyl-terminated polyester resins as toughening agents for epoxy resin. For this purpose, the modifier, that is, a hydroxyl-terminated polyester resin (commercially referred to as Desmophen), which is a polyol, has been used at different concentrations. The prepared modified structure has been characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) prior to mechanical testing in terms of impact strength and toughness. Two types of Desmophen (800 and 1200) have been used as modifiers. The obtained results showed that hydroxyl-terminated polyester improves the epoxy toughness. In fact, the impact strength increases with Desmophen content and reaches a maximum value of 7.65 J/m at 10 phr for Desmophen 800 and 9.36 J/m at 7.5 phr for Desmophen 1200, respectively. At a critical concentration (7.5 phr), Desmophen 1200 (with higher molecular weight, longer chains, and lower branching) leads to better results. Concerning Kc, the effect of Desmophen 800 is almost negligible; whereas a drastic effect is observed with Desmophen 1200 as Kc reaches a maximum of 2.41 MPa m1/2, compared to 0.9 MPa m1/2 of the unmodified epoxy prior to decreasing. This is attributed to the intensive hydrogen bonding between epoxy and Desmophen 1200, as revealed by FTIR spectroscopy. Finally, the SEM analysis results suggested that the possible toughening mechanism for the epoxy resin being considered, which might prevail, is through localized plastic shear yielding induced by the presence of the Desmophen particles. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 29–38, 1999


This paper is aimed at analyzing the relationship between bank ownership and credit growth of Vietnamese commercial banks. With the data of 20 commercial banks in period 2009-2018 period, the REM method is applied.
The key findings are: First, credit growth rate of state-owned commercial banks in Vietnam is higher than of private commercial banks, which is opposite to the expected signal. The main reasons are (i) decision making of state-owned commercial banks on lending are backed by the government, which is more straight-forward than private banks; (ii) State Bank of Vietnam considers credit policy as one of the important monetary policy tools, of which state-owned commercial banks are the key drivers; (iii) state-owned commercial banks have stable and cheap funding sources, which create the good base for expanding credit with cheap interest rates. Second, asset size does not have any impact on credit growth. Credit growth rates are determined by the bank's overall performance and maximum growth rate set by State Bank of Vietnam, not on assets. Third, the other bank-specific factors are statistically significant with credit growth, of which liquidity and ROA have the strongest influences.
Recommendations for better credit growth management of commercial banks include: (i) State Bank of Vietnam and the Government to ensure soundness of the banking system, including applying the Basel II requirements to all banks; and establish more support packages in order to boost the lending activities of privately-owned banks. (ii) Commercial banks to reduce its non-performing loans in order to stimulate the growth in lending.

Keywords: bank liquidity, bank ownership, credit growth, non-performing loans, ROA.


Background Myofascial pain syndrome in the lower back is one of the most common diseases. At the current time, there are no ideal ways to treat this disease. Pharmacological treatments are not suitable for many patients. Regular use of painkillers and NSAIDs is associated with the risk of serious adverse reactions in patients. Using only pharmacotherapy without using non-pharmacological treatment methods is not a rational approach to treating such patients. Acupuncture has a wide range of effective methods of combating combat syndrome that can have a quick positive effect, and, unlike drugs, this method remains safe. Therapeutic exercise is a treatment method that is able to raise the general threshold of pain sensitivity by including non-specific adaptation mechanisms [1]. This effect develops slowly, but it acts for a very long time. Objectives The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of acupuncture with massage in the treatment of myofascial pain in the lower back with complex treatment, including exercise. Methods A prospective clinical study was conducted with patients suffering from myofascial pain syndrome in the lower back, which were randomly divided into one of two groups: patients (60 cases) who received combined treatment including massage, acupuncture and exercise therapy, and patients (30 cases) of group 2 (G2) who received only massage procedures and acupuncture without medical gymnastics. They were assigned to group 1 (G1). The age composition of the G1 group of patients from 31 to 70 years. Gender composition - 22 (37%) - women, and 38 (63%) - men. All patients received treatment 5 times a week (from Monday to Friday, excluding Saturday and Sunday), the total duration of the rehabilitation course is 10 days. The therapeutic program included the following non-drug methods of exposure: for G1, 30 minutes - an acupuncture session, 20 minutes a back massage session, and at least 45 minutes of exercises in the gymnastics hall with an instructor in physical therapy. G2 patients received similar non-drug therapy with the exception of classes in the gymnastics room. The visual-analogue scale (VAS) was used as a method of performance evaluation, which was evaluated at the beginning of the study, at the fifth, ninth and last visit to the clinic. Results The average time between the onset of clinical symptoms and the first day of treatment was 34.6 days. In 80% of patients, a history of pain lasted for more than 3 months. 89 patients (98%) completed the protocol: 60 (100%) in G1 and 29 (97%) in G2. The average VAS score in G1 was 6.9 at the beginning of the study and after the tenth session it dropped to 2, 6. A significant decrease in pain was registered in the G2 group (from 6.9 at the beginning of the study to 3.3 after the tenth session). A statistically significant difference (p <0. 05) between different sessions was noted. In order to assess the period of time during which the effect of treatment is maintained, all patients were asked to send a subjective assessment on the VAS scale to the attending physician after completion of treatment monthly for 12 months. When analyzing these data, it was established that the inclusion of physiotherapy exercises preserves a clear effect of therapy for 3.1 months longer than without the use of therapeutic gymnastics. Conclusion The results indicate high efficiency acupuncture in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome, however, its combination with therapeutic exercises allows to better consolidate the effect and contributes to a longer remission of pain syndrome. It is necessary to establish clear criteria for inclusion in the treatment of exercise Reference [1] Krysyuk O.B., Lutkov V.F., Smirnov G.I., Shadrin D.I. Physiotherapy and massage in the complex rehabilitation of athlete. Ministry of Sport of the Russian Federation, PF Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health, St. Petersburg. St. Petersburg, 2014. Disclosure of Interests None declared


Old Church Slavonic data manifest significant similarities in the distribution and formal properties of anticausatives, reflexives, subject experiencer verbs, statives, and reciprocals, while their semantics may also be viewed as partly uniform. The structures representing the said classes of verbs are very frequent in the language, while passive structures, formed with analytic morpho-syntactic constructions, are relatively infrequent. Consequently, the expressions headed by anticausatives, reflexives, subject experiencer verbs, statives, and reciprocals (as well as dative impersonal structures) encroach on the area of semantics belonging in Modern Slavic to be the realm expressed in terms of passive morpho-syntax. The conclusion that can be drawn from this state of affairs is that Old Church Slavonic is characterized by the opposition of active and middle voices, while the passive voice is in its infancy.


Genetic variability analysis and heritability of different yield contributing characters were studied in 26 genotypes of mulberry. Variance analysis for characters revealed significant differences among the accessions. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV %) was found higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV %) for all the characters studied. High genetic advance coupled with heritability was observed in the characters namely, number of branches per plant, leaf yield per plant, leaf-shoot ratio, hundred leaf weight and total shoot length. Significant positive correlations to leaf yield/plant were observed for the characters, number of branches/plant (0.835**), longest shoot length (0.823**) and total shoot length (0.707**). Leaf yield/plant is an important agronomic character induced by many associated traits and hence characters like number of branches/plant, longest shoot length and total shoot length should be considered crucial parameters for selection in mulberry breeding programme.


We consider actions of locally compact groups $G$ on certain CAT(0) spaces $X$ by isometries. The CAT(0) spaces we consider have finite dimension at large scale. In case $B$ is a $G$ -boundary, that is a measurable $G$ -space with some amenability and ergodicity properties, we prove the existence of equivariant maps from $B$ to the visual boundary $\partial X$ .


Architecture color can reflect local view,history,tradition,characteristics,environment and weather condition of a specific region.Considering the architecture color in the urban plan can change the situation of urban architecture color chaotic and create a pleasant colorful environment.The paper presents regional factors of urban architecture color chaotic and suggestions for color plan of urban construction.


This experiment was conducted to examine Caucasian viewers' identification memory of Black and White criminal suspects featured in a newscast. Viewers watched a news story about a murder that featured a wanted poster of either an African American or a Caucasian suspect. Immediately after viewing and again 3 months later, participants identified a series of photographs, indicating the extent to which they believed each one to be the same suspect pictured in the newscast. Over time, participants who had seen the Caucasian suspect in the news story were increasingly likely mistakenly to identify African Americans. In addition, endorsement of anti-Black attitudes was associated with decreases in misidentification of Caucasian photographs and increases in misidentification of African American photographs.


In the context of industrialization and expansion of wage labor is the difference between work and employment. The rigidity of the labor supply and its persistent surplus is explained by the very high compensation or unemployment benefits, through trade union action or error preset number of employees, which leads to greater gap between supply and demand for labor. Adjustment policies of employment in the future will be increasingly less state policy, of general application, and increasingly more political will and enterprise branch, the subject of an active social dialogue between employers and trade unions, dialogue resulted in agreements of limited duration and subject to revision depending on the economic and social situation. The duration of work and organizational modalities they will depend on this social dialogue.


The main objective of this paper is to research the role which the cultural heritage of Istria plays in cultural tourism development. The aim of the research is to identify, differentiate and specify the potentials of the cultural heritage of Istria for the development of cultural tourism in the region of Istria, as well as diversification of the cultural heritage potential at the spatial level of Istrian municipalities and towns. According to the number of tourist beds, arrivals and overnights, Istria is the most developed Croatian county in which the negative impacts of the summer, holiday tourism, exclusively seasonally focussed on the two summer months and spatially concentrated on coastal destinations, have been noticed very early. For the purposes of redefining of Croatian and Istrian tourism, strategies of tourism development have been designed. One of the goals in the strategies is reaffirmation of the cultural heritage as a fundamental component of the cultural tourism of Istria. The main results and findings suggest that, in Istria, 269 immobile cultural goods have been protected, the majority of which are sacral. Of all the municipalities and towns, the town of Pula has the largest number (35) and density of cultural goods, although one part of those goods is not available to tourists or is insufficiently known as a cultural and tourist attraction. Despite a considerable effort, the cultural heritage projects of revitalisation in Istria (Revitas and Heart of Istria) so far have not fully affirmed cultural tourism as a competitive segment of the tourist offer.


The Mesona Chinensis Benth pigment extraction technique was optimized by single-factor and orthogonal experiment of L16(45). The results showed that the successive order of main effect factors on the extraction rate was the pH of extracting the particle size the temperature of extracting the extraction solvent. The optimum extraction condition was as follows: using the extraction water,the material particle size of 40 meshes,extraction temperature of 25 ℃,extraction time 90 min and pH 14. The extraction yield was 12.44 % in this condition. In addition,microwave or ultrasonic wave improved the pigment extraction greatly in this experiment.


Laboratorio per la Salute Materno Infantile ADHD ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Per la ricerca degli articoli pubblicati nella letteratura scientifica nel mese in esame sono state consultate le banche dati Medline, Embase e PsycINFO utilizzando le seguenti parole chiave (o i loro sinonimi): 'Attention deficit disorder', 'Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder', 'Infant', 'Child', 'Adolescent', 'Human'. Sono qui riportate le referenze considerate rilevanti e pertinenti. Objective: The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of stimulant medication on executive function deficits in a group of adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; DSM-III-R criteria). Method: Male and female subjects aged 15 to 25 years were divided into 3 groups: subjects with ADHD treated with stimulants who took their medication at the time of testing (ADHD active stimulant treatment: N = 26), subjects with ADHD who had not taken stimulant medication in the past month (ADHD no stimulant treatment: N = 94), and non-ADHD control subjects (controls: N = 133). The neuropsychological battery assessed domains of cognitive functioning known to be relevant in ADHD, including tests of executive functions and learning and memory. Results: The ADHD no stimulant treatment group had significantly lower aggregate scores compared with the controls for the total aggregate, working memory, interference control, processing speed, sustained attention, and verbal learning domains (all p < .001). The ADHD active stimulant treatment group had significantly poorer scores on the total aggregate (p = .002), interference control (p < .001), and processing speed (p = .003) domains compared with the controls. The ADHD active stimulant treatment subjects scored significantly higher on the domains of sustained attention (p = .04) and verbal learning (p = .03) compared with the ADHD no stimulant treatment subjects. Conclusions: Our study showed that subjects with ADHD who took stimulant medication had higher neuropsychological measures of attention compared with subjects with ADHD who did not take stimulant medication, but differences were not found for other measures of executive function. Risk factors for discontinuing drug therapy among children with ADHD. Bokhari FAS, Heiland F, Levine P, et al. Compliance with drug therapy is of major concern to clinicians as well as policy makers since uncontrolled symptoms due to noncompliance present health risks for patients and may lead to social costs.


Background The link between obesity and disease activity in PsA is unclear. Obesity has been associated with a poorer therapeutic response and higher treatment discontinuation rates in patients with PsA being treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). Recent data confirm the favourable effect of weight reduction on these factors. There are no data available for other biologics. Objectives To investigate the relationship between baseline overweight/obesity and disease activity, patient-reported outcomes and disability, in a large real-world cohort of patients with PsA starting biologic treatment with either ustekinumab (UST) or TNFi. Methods The PsABio study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02627768) is an ongoing observational study evaluating efficacy, tolerability and persistence of 1st, 2nd- and 3rd-line UST or TNFi in PsA in 8 European countries1 when introduced as part of standard clinical care. Baseline data of the study population were collected and analysed for BMI, disease activity (cDAPSA, psoriasis BSA), patient-perceived impact (PsAID-12), disability (HAQ-DI) and presence or history of CVD/MET. Descriptive statistics on available data and 3 exploratory multiple regression models are shown, to investigate the relationship of cDAPSA, PsAID-12 and HAQ-DI (dependent variables) with BMI, adjusted for age, sex, smoking, BSA, CRP, disease duration and biologic treatment. Results In all, 917 patients were included, starting either UST (n=450) or TNFi (n=467): mean (SD) age 49.7 (12.5) years, 55.5% female. The mean (SD) baseline BMI (N=827) was 28.1 (5.8) kg/m2, with 40.0% and 30.4% in BMI categories overweight (>25–30) and obese (>30), respectively. In univariate analyses, obesity was linked to worse outcomes (Table 1). More severe disease was associated with higher BMI (Table 2). In multiple regression modelling, higher BMI was independently linked to higher cDAPSA (BMI: β=0.09 p=0.026); to higher patient-perceived disease impact measured by PsAID-12 (BMI: β=0.16, p<0.0001) and to higher disability measured by HAQ-DI (BMI: β=0.21, p<0.0001). Conclusion This multi-country routine-care PsA cohort of patients in need of biologic treatment confirms the high prevalence of overweight/obesity and indicates an independent association between high BMI and disease activity as well as patient-reported impact of disease and disability. These results emphasize the need for lifestyle-directed approaches in PsA, such as overweight management in parallel with joint- and skin-focused treatment. Reference [1] Gossec L, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77(Suppl):A1033. Acknowledgement This study was sponsored by Janssen Disclosure of Interests Stefan Siebert Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Novartis, Pfizer, Janssen, BMS, Celgene, UCB, and Boehringer Ingelheim, Consultant for: AbbVie, UCB, Pfizer, Janssen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, and Novartis, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, UCB, Pfizer, Janssen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, and Novartis, Paul Bergmans Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: Janssen, Kurt de Vlam Consultant for: Pfizer Inc, Consultant for: Johnson & Johnson, Elisa Gremese Consultant for: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Sanofi, UCB, Roche, and Pfizer, Speakers bureau: BMS, Speakers bureau: Roche, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Sanofi, UCB, Roche, and Pfizer, Beatriz Joven-Ibáñez Speakers bureau: Celgene, Novartis, MSD, Pfizer, AbbVie, and Janssen, Tatiana Korotaeva Consultant for: Pfizer, MSD, Novartis, AbbVie, Celgene, Biocad, Janssen, UCB, Lilly and Novartis-Sandoz, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, MSD, Novartis, AbbVie, Celgene, Biocad, Janssen, UCB, Lilly and Novartis-Sandoz, Wim Noel Employee of: Janssen, M.T. Nurmohamed Grant/research support from: Pfizer, AbbVie, Roche, BMS, MSD, Mundipharma, UCB, Janssen, Menarini, Lilly, Sanofi, and Celgene., Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Abbvie, Roche, BMS, MSD, Mundipharma, UCB, Janssen, Menarini, Eli Lilly, Celgene & Sanofi, Consultant for: Pfizer, AbbVie, Roche, BMS, MSD, Mundipharma, UCB, Janssen, Menarini, Lilly, Sanofi, and Celgene., Speakers bureau: Pfizer, AbbVie, Roche, BMS, MSD, Mundipharma, UCB, Janssen, Menarini, Lilly, Sanofi, and Celgene., Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, Roche, BMS, MSD, Mundipharma, UCB, Janssen, Menarini, Eli Lilly, Celgene & Sanofi, Petros Sfikakis: None declared, Ana Laiz Consultant for: Lilly, Novartis, AbbVvie, MSD, UCB and Janssen, Speakers bureau: Lilly, Novartis, Abvvie, MSD, UCB and Janssen, Pavel Smirnov Employee of: Janssen, Elke Theander Employee of: Janssen, Josef S. Smolen Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Janssen, MSD, Pfizer Inc, Roche, Consultant for: AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Astro, Celgene, Celtrion, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, ILTOO, Janssen, Medimmune, MSD, Novartis-Sandoz, Pfizer Inc, Roche, Samsung, Sanofi, UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Astro, Celgene, Celtrion, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, ILTOO, Janssen, Medimmune, MSD, Novartis-Sandoz, Pfizer Inc, Roche, Samsung, Sanofi, UCB, Laure Gossec Grant/research support from: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Novartis-Sandoz, Pfizer, Sanofi, and UCB, Consultant for: AbbVie, Biogen, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Nordic Pharma, Novartis-Sandoz, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, and UCB, Consultant for: L Gossec has received honoraria from Celgene as investigator for this study


The modeling simulation of the asymmetric MQW heterostructure laser performance allows one to chose the active region parameters for required regimes of the operation, such as bistable switching and regular pulsation at several remote wavelengths. In accordance with the structure design and pump conditions, both the spectral and output power characteristics of these laser systems can be easily changed. Use of the asymetric MQW heterostructures gives new opportunities to extend gain spectra and is essential to weaken its sensitivity to polarization.