Transparent glass-ceramics containing LiGa5O8:Co2+ have been prepared by heat treatment of glass with a composition of 13Li2O·23Ga2O3·64SiO2·xCoO (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0) (mol%). The microstructure and the optical properties have been examined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and optical absorption measurements. XRD analyses indicated that LiGa5O8 microcrystals with a crystallite size of 5 to 10 nm precipitated in the specimens heat-treated at temperatures between 750 and 850 °C. Above 850 °C, LiGaSi2O6 crystals also precipitated. Heat treatment below 850 °C successfully yielded transparent glass-ceramics. The optical absorption spectra at room temperature indicated that the absorption band due to the 4A2 → 4T1(P) transition of Co2+ ions in tetrahedral sites showed three peaks (520, 586 and 686 nm) for the glass and three peaks (560, 597, and 646 nm) for the glass-ceramics. This difference in the spectra suggests that some Co2+ ions replaced the Ga3+ ions in tetrahedra...


A photonic crystal confined vertical'cavity surface-emitting lasers was obtained under continuous operate at about 980nm wavelength·The experiments research'such as the spectrum analysis of GaAs materials,the oxidized processing and the photonic crystal fabrication,are detailed presented.A photonic crystal resonant cavity enhanced photodiode,which was based on the same materials of PC-VCSEL,was fabricated by wet·chemical etching and ICP etching techniques.


Soap product, formed, containing: a) one or more fatty acids with 12-22 carbon atoms in the form of their alkali soaps, wherein the fatty acids consist of 50-80 wt% fatty acid 16 to 18 carbon atoms and a 20 - 50% by weight of fatty acids from 12 to 14 carbon atoms, b) one or more derivatives of starch crosslinked pregelatinized selected from the group of hydroxypropylated phosphate esters.


A life course perspective, drawing on historical and personal experiences, is used to identify eye-opening concepts that can be used to make sense of the world in terms of personal and social ageing, in the context of intergenerational relationships. Two issues have been identified that characterise a challenge to cultural adaptation: that of generations increasingly becoming approximately the same size as they move from demographic triangles to columns, and that of finding an age-specific purpose for a long life. An analysis of contemporary problems facing gerontology and social policy is given, drawing on the need for complementary life priorities and enhanced generational intelligence. Implications for work, generational rivalry and precarity are examined along with some conclusions on the role of eyeopening conceptual development.


Vertebrate leukotriene A4 hydrolases are zinc metalloenzymes with an epoxide hydrolase and aminopeptidase activity belonging to the M1 family of aminopeptidases. Bestatin, an amino peptidase inhibitor, can inhibit both the activities. The human enzyme produces LTB4, a powerful mediator of inflammation and is implicated in a wide variety of rheumatoid diseases. The yeast homolog scLTA4H contains only a rudimentary epoxide hydrolase activity. Both the structure of the human enzyme and recently the structure of scLTA4H and have been solved to investigate the molecular architecture of the active site both with and without inhibitor Bestatin. The structure of scLTA4H shows large domain movements creating an open active site. In the human enzyme the LTA4 binding side is a narrow hydrophobic channel. Upon inhibitor a domain shifts occurs and the final binding pocket is formed. The fact that scLTA4H displays this induced fit is an interesting observation. Many members of the M1 family seem to display a certain degree of induced fit, a feature, which however, has never been observed for humLTA4H. Our recent solution SAXS studies show that humLTA4H does not make any conformational changes upon inhibitor binding which is consistent with our previous speculation that it functions by a lock and key mechanism rather than induced fit and is better suited to supply the protective and precise environment for hydrolysis of LTA4 into LTB4. On the other hand Xenopus LTA4H shows conformational change in the higher/wide angular region ( >1 nm-1) and decrease in Porod volume of approximately 20 nm3 but no change in Rg or Dmax was observed. It is also observed that like in crystal structure Xenopus LTA4H forms dimer in solution. Similarly scLTA4H forms dimer in solution, which is unlike the crystal structure, and also make conformational changes upon inhibitor binding. Taken together, Xenopus and scLTA4H makes more compact form, with decrease in flexibility, to perform it's catalytic action.


Abstract : This documents reports on a European trip taken to investigate techniques for growing epitaxial garnets with high Faraday rotation and low optical and magnetostatic wave attenuation. Bismuth substituted YIG is indicated. Keywords: Temperature and humidity effects; Effects of internal diameter of the tubing; Effects of teflon jointing of tubing segments; Effects of tubing length on transport efficiency; Introduction of MMH stream, Pushing vs. pulling; Preconditioning of tubing by ambient exposure.


Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106(Dated: February 2, 2008)We study the two-terminal transport properties of a metallic single-walled carbon nanotube withgood contacts to electrodes, which have recently been shown [W. Liang et al, Nature 441, 665-669 (2001)] to conduct ballistically with weak backscattering occurring mainly at the two contacts.The measured conductance, as a function of bias and gate voltages, shows an oscillating pattern ofquantum interference. We show how such patterns can be understood and calculated, taking intoaccount Luttinger liquid effects resulting from strong Coulomb interactions in the nanotube. Wetreat back-scattering in the contacts perturbatively and use the Keldysh formalism to treat non-equilibrium effects due to the non-zero bias voltage. Going beyond current experiments, we includethe effects of possible ferromagnetic polarization of the leads to describe spin transport in carbonnanotubes. We thereby describe both incoherent spin injection and coherent resonant spin transportbetween the two leads. Spin currents can be produced in both ways, but only the latter allow thisspin current to be controlled using an external gate. In all cases, the spin currents, charge currents,and magnetization of the nanotube exhibit components varying quasiperiodically with bias voltage,approximately as a superposition of periodic interference oscillations of spin- and charge-carrying"quasiparticles" in the nanotube, each with its own period. The amplitude of the higher-periodsignal is largest in single-mode quantum wires, and is somewhat suppressed in metallic nanotubesdue to their sub-band degeneracy.


Four different cationic polyelectrolytes were investigated, which are used as flocculating agents in the dewatering of sediments from Hamburg harbour. The chemical structures of these polyelectrolytes were characterized by means of IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The substances concerned are the two copolymers of acrylamide formed with acrylate and methacrylate esters, and the homopolymers of these esters. The charge density was determined with the aid of titrimetric methods and quantitative evaluation of IGATED 13C NMR spectra. Determination of the molar mass and steric characterization were carried out by multi-angle laser light scattering. In order to resolve the experimental problems which arise especially during light scattering in water-soluble cationic systems, a special method of sample preparation has been devised to remove impurities, which will be described in detail. This method involves the combination of filtration and ultracentrifugation. Evaluation of the light scattering data provided the values for the molar mass Mw′ the second virial coefficient A2 and the radius of gyration 0,5Z, which also gives information about the solution structure. By comparing the curve of the scattering function extrapolated to zero concentration with model curves and with the aid of the a exponent of the [η]-M-relationship, it can be seen that the polyelectrolyte has a highly expanded coil structure in salt solution. This can be primarily attributed to the steric influence of the side groups.


The oxa-Michael-aldol condensation reaction offers a fast access to xanthenone scaffolds, which are an important structural motif in natural products. This reaction was investigated and a new organocatalyst based on phosphine was discovered (PhPMe(2)). After optimization of the reaction conditions, the Michael donors and acceptors were screened to determine the scope and limitations of this reaction. Furthermore, important observations were made, allowing the formulation of a surprising reaction pathway for this catalyst system.


An algorithm of image transform based on lifting scheme wavelet is researched.The update function for the algorithm is educed.Comparing the algorithm with linear lifting wavelet indicates that has not only capability of calculating at same position but also makes image edge clear.This algorithm provides image matching with rich information.Multiwindows matching algorithm is made using low frequency and high frequency image components in image matching.Experiences prove the algorithm is able to improve reliability and efficiency.


The IR guided missiles threats that the combat aircrafts should be faced are stated, and the role and development status of UV warning system are introduced. The threat signatures of air to air and surface to air IR guided missiles during the head-on and tail-on attacks to the airplane are analyzed, and the time of engagement and the effectiveness of IR flare are calculated and analyzed. The necessity and importance of all aspect detection for combat aircraft using UV warning system are stated finally.


Morton introduced cutaneous lymphoscintigraphy in melanoma. His results permitted to reproduce sentinel lymph nodes(SLN) in other areas. Krag and Weaver implemented portable gamma radiation detectors in breast cancer. The aim of this article is to describe the first expertise in our hospital using nuclear medicine in breast cancer and the methodological aspects of SLN and reviewing the international literature. Case Report: Female 54 years, no family history of breast cancer. Medical exam detected a mass of 3x2 cm in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast, there is no axillary mass. The Ultrasound: BIRADS IV A. Mammography: BI-RADS V Preoperative Classification: T2N0M0 Tru Cut Biopsy: Invasive carcinoma no type determined. Triple negative. Extension studies were negative. The lymphoscintigraphy done according to international protocol. Methylene blue was used in conjunction with the radiotracer; a periareolar sub dermal injection was given in the operating room. The Surgery performed on the day marked. After localized the scintigraphic hot spots in vivo with the gamma probe Nuclear Lab DGC II. The intraoperative frozen section analysis used with Haematoxylin and Eosin staining. Two SLN reported as metastases Negative. The axillary dissection was deferred. There were no complications. Post-surgical pathologic report showed invasive carcinoma no type determined size 35 x 30 x 28 mm, unifocal. In situ ductal carcinoma and in situ lobular carcinoma unidentified and lympho-vascular unidentified invasion. There is no tumoral extension to the skin. All margins were reported negative.pT2pN0. Conclusion: Each time that a new therapeutic tool is within reach of the oncologic patients, principally when his effectiveness have been demonstrated to long time. It to make true in low income country increase the challenge for her implementation. However, the multidisciplinary effort of the human resources and the help of the technology development of our institutions permeated to jump the hard barrier that this entails, achieving a great achievement to the patients with breast cancer in our country. This first effort is not distant from the reported in the international literature.


We suggest a renormalizable standard model (SM) extension based on [Formula: see text] symmetry which accommodates leptonic mass and mixing parameters with nonzero [Formula: see text] and Dirac CP violating phase. Both normal and inverted neutrino mass ordering as well as the smallness of the active neutrino masses are generated at leading order through type-I seesaw mechanism in which the obtained physical parameters are well consistent with the global fit of neutrino oscillation data [P. F. de Salas et al., Phys. Lett. B 782, 633 (2018)], while the quark masses are in good agreement with the recent experimental data [Particle Data Group (M. Tanabashi et al.), Phys. Rev. D 98, 030001 (2018)]. The model also predicts an effective Majorana neutrino mass parameter of [Formula: see text] for normal hierarchy and [Formula: see text] for inverted hierarchy which are all well below the most current upper limit given [P. F. de Salas et al., Front. Astron. Space Sci. 5, 36 (2018); CUORE Collab. (C. Alduino et al.), Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 132501 (2018)] and beyond the reach of the present [Formula: see text] decay experiments.


The increasing number of antitrust dawn raids and seizures raises the question of the scope of the National Competition Authority's and the European Commission's rights regarding seized or copied…


Awareness of oral health is essential for developing healthy habits, and a correlation between improved knowledge and better oral health has been shown to exist. Health-related behaviours are more likely to be followed if a person has greater control over their health with a better understanding of diseases and their aetiology. To determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding oral health care among undergraduate students in the Life Sciences Department at a University of Technology, Free State. This descriptive study gives insights into the oral hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices of undergraduate students in the Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Department of Life Sciences at a University of Technology. Data were collected using an online questionnaire eliciting quantitative and qualitative data. The results revealed that most of the participants, 80% (n=178) understood that oral health is essential to their overall wellbeing. Overall, in this research, the findings of oral health education were found not to be covered. However, we found that variations in the source of dental information were correlated with university students' oral health behaviour. The study, therefore, concludes that oral health care knowledge, attitudes and practices are affected by education and show that advocacy for the promotion of oral health is significant for the students.


A recent interpretation of Montesquieu's contribution to the founding of America argues that the disagreement between Federalists and Antifederalists is of negligible importance. Traditionally, Montesquieu has been held to have contributed to the founding principally through the doctrine of separation of powers. In rejecting that view, this argument does not maintain that separation of powers has been misunderstood in Montesquieu—though that argument is possible. Rather, it is urged that separation of powers, was an administrative necessity, and thus historically determined. Thus is Montesquieu rejected, without question as to what he meant to say or as to how he was understood by Federalists and Antifederalists.


The guinea-pig isolated gut has proved most useful for the biological assay of bradykinin to which the preparation is sensitive at 1 ng ml-1, but the tissue's reactivity to acetylcholine, histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine, led to a search for preparations less sensitive to the other agonists. Rat uterus, stomach and duodenum, made insensitive to acetylcholine by atropine added to the bath, have a high sensitivity to bradykinin and a low sensitivity to histamine. However, rat uterus sometimes shows spontaneous activity. Other preparations from animals have been suggested (Erdos 1970). Ubatuba (1973) has shown that hamster stomach strips in vitro are useful for the assay of E and F prostaglandins in the nanogram range, with very low sensitivity to histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. This has been confirmed by Vapaatalo et al(1976). We have found the preparation to be useful for assay of bradykinin and now we report our results. Stomach of golden hamsters were removed and cut according to the technique described by Ubatuba (1973). The resulting strips were maintained in Krebs solution in a 5 or 10 ml bath, at 37 "C, gassed by oxygen. After a preparation had been set up, at least 1 h was allowed for equilibration. The contractions of the strips were recorded either by a isotonic frontal lever, stressed by a counter weight of l g and 10 fold magnification or by a E & M Physiograph, the upper end of the strips being connected to a force displacement transducer. After addition of bradykinin, the contraction reached a final point at 1 min and relaxation was obtained by washing the preparation, which was left relaxed for 5 min to stabilize before a new cycle was begun by adding another dose of drug to the bath. Not less than three preparations were used for each assay. Sensitivity and dose-response curves were recorded using a synthetic bradykinin solution as a standard. The preparation showed high stability at the base line. Contractions were recorded when 1 or 2 ng ml-1 of bradykinin were added to the bath and, sometimes, even with lower


For environmental reasons, the world is adopting RoHS compliance for electronic circuit boards, although recommended materials may not be ideal for demanding applications.


Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common malignant tumor, which has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. Under the influence of respiratory motion, the position error of liver cancer is relatively high. The image-guided radiotherapy is a combination of radiotherapy and imaging device, which can detect and correct the error caused by the movement of the organs and the position of the pendulum to improve the accuracy of radiotherapy.

Key words:
Liver neoplasms; Radiotherapy, image-guided; Image registration; Setup error


The present study was carried out in the rural community of Hawzien district of Ethiopia to assess the pattern of use of dry pit latrines by households and the associated factors. The study shows that only 37.4% of the households used them consistently. The rest of the households cited cultural beliefs (44%), foul smell (22.6%) and inconvenience of use (17.8%) as the major reasons for the non-use of latrines. Illiteracy in male heads of households, low monthly income and non-enrolment of households under any sanitation project by local administration were found to be the other factors for the non-use of latrines. Short distance from the households to the nearest health care institution and presence of latrines within the compounds of houses were positive factors associated with their use. Therefore, expanding and continuing components of the health care programme related to hygiene and sanitation is crucial for increasing the rate of latrine use in the study area.


The paper contributes to stabilization problems of linear systems subject to time-varying delays. Drawing upon small gain criteria and robust analysis techniques, upper and lower bounds on the largest allowable time-varying delay are developed by using bilinear transformation and rational approximates. The results achieved are not only computationally efficient but also conceptually appealing. Furthermore, analytical expressions of the upper and lower bounds are derived for specific situations that demonstrate the dependence of those bounds on the unstable poles and nonminumum phase zeros of systems.


Attosecond-duration, fully coherent, extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) photon bursts obtained through laser high-harmonic generation have opened up new possibilities in the study of atomic and molecular dynamics. We discuss experiments elucidating some of the interesting energy redistribution mechanisms that follow the interaction of a high-energy photon with a molecule. The crucial role of synchronized, strong-field, near-IR laser pulses in XUV pump-probe spectroscopy is highlighted. We demonstrate that near-IR pulses can in fact be used to modify the atomic structure and control the electronic dynamics on attosecond timescales. Our measurements show that the Gouy phase slip in the interaction region plays a significant role in these attosecond experiments. We perform precision measurement of interferences between strong field-induced Floquet channels to extract the intensity and phase dependence of photoionization dynamics. Applications of emerging table-top ultrafast XUV sources in the study of core electron dynamics are also discussed.


Abstract Acrylic bone cement, which primarily consists of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), is widely used in orthopaedics, dentistry, and particularly in joint arthroplasty surgery. However, bone cements (BCs) have several limitations, including low mechanical properties, bioactivity issues, and high heat generation during polymerization. In recent years, there has been significant interest in studying the development of mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties of bone cement. In this study, ZnO nanostructures modified CFs were added to PMMA BCs at concentrations ranging from 0.10 wt% to 1.00 wt%, and the mechanical and thermal properties of the novel PMMA composite BCs were investigated. The novel composite materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Mechanical tests including compression and 4-point bending were performed on the composite structures, along with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results revealed that the composite cement containing 0.25 wt% ZnO/CFs reinforcement agent exhibited the best mechanical properties and thermal stability. The flexural strength of the 0.25 wt% ZnO/CFs reinforced PMMA composite BCs increased by 78.9%, while the compression strength increased by 277.4% compared to the control group.


Introduction: Viscum album (mistletoe) extract is a common complementary therapy used by cancer patients in Germany. Its safety is currently being explored in a German multicenter clinical trial in pediatric oncology, but little is known about its efficacy against pediatric tumor cells. Methods: A panel of tumor cell lines derived from several pediatric cancers (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, rhabdomyosarkoma, ALL, AML, lymphoma and retinoblastoma) were treated with Viscum album (abnobaVISCUM® Fraxini). Effects on apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and cell migration were investigated in vitro. Results: Viscum album significantly inhibited growth of all pediatric tumor cell lines tested, induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and abrogated cell migration. Conclusion: Viscum album was cytotoxic for and reduced migration in a panel of pediatric tumor cell lines in vitro, justifying further investigation of potential use in treatment of pediatric cancers.


The hypertension of PRES in pediatric intensive care unit is not frequently encountered. It may be secondary to acute or chronic renal iinjury , PRES can also be seen following an immunosuppressive treatment for one or following tumor lysis syndrome after chemotherapy. Material-methods: retrospective study of 05 files of children admitted between May 2017october 2019 Aim: clinical, etiological, radiological characteristics of this HE, as well as the therapeutic modalities. Parameters studied: clinical signs on admission, stages of hypertension, renal function, hydroelectrolytic assessment during the first 24 hours, as well as brain imaging (CT and MRI) Results: 06 children with an average age of 10.78 ± 3.76 years old , ( 13 month s12 years old) presented a clinical and radiological picture of PRES: 03 children following chronic renal failure, 1 after taking ciclosporin for syndrome nephrotic, 02 children of the oncohematological entity presented clinical forms of convulsive hypertensive crises: following a tumor lysis syndrome after chemotherapy for burkitt tumor and following the antimitotic treatment methotrexate in intrathecal in 01 patients and IV cyclophophamide in another patient All these patients were admitted for altered state of consciousness with hypertension, convulsions with oligoanuric renal failure.Cerebral CT objectified a cerebral edema with zone hypodenses without effect of mass and the cerebral MRI within 48 hours in the patients showed Zones of hypersignal in T2 and FLAIR at the level of the white substance. GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 12, December 2019 ISSN 2320-9186 604


Summary form only given. After the context quantization, an entropy coder using L2/sup K/ (L is the quantized levels and K is the number of bits) conditional probabilities remains impractical. Instead, only the expectations are approximated by the sample means with respect to different quantized contexts. Computing the sample means involves only cumulating the error terms in the quantized context C(d,t) and keeping a count on the occurrences of C(d,t). Thus, the time and space complexities of the described context based modeling of the prediction errors are O(L2/sup K/). Based on the quantized context C(d,t), the encoder makes a DPCM prediction I, adds to I the most likely prediction error and then arrives at an adaptive, context-based, nonlinear prediction. The error e is then entropy coded. The coding of e is done with L conditional probabilities. The results of the proposed context-based, lossless image compression technique are included.


Objective
To investigate the effects of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) on the number and function of splenic lymphocytes.

Methods
The mice with defective Blimp-1 in T cells were generated by cross-breeding B6.Blimp-1flox/flox mice with B6.Lck-Cre mice. The mononuclear lymphocytes isolated from spleen of T cell conditional Blimp-1 knockout (Blimp-1CKO) mice and wild type (WT) C57/B6 mice were comparatively analyzed. Alterations of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cell subsets, the secretion of cytokines as well as the expression of C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) and Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) in mice from the two groups were analyzed by flow cytometry. The changes of CD19+ B cell subsets were also detected.

Results
Compared with WT mice, the total numbers of mononuclear cells, T and B lymphocytes were all significantly increased in Blimp-1CKO mice (P<0.05). The absolute numbers of CD4+ T, CD8+ T and CD19+ CD5+ CD1d+ B cells in mice form Blimp-1CKO group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), however, no significant differences with the percentages of these cell populations were observed between two groups. Higher numbers and percentages of CD19+ CD5+ B cells were detected in mice from Blimp-1CKO group (P<0.01). The Blimp-1CKO mice showed increased secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-2, but decreased expression of CCR7 on CD8+ T cells as compared with WT mice (P<0.05). No significant differences with the changes of S1P1 were found between the two groups.

Conclusion
Blimp-1 played an important role in the maintenance of number, phenotype and function of T cells. Furthermore, not only T cells but also B cell subsets in mice were affected by the deletion of Blimp-1 in T cells.

Key words:
B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1; T lymphocyte; B lymphocyte


[1] In the winter and spring of 2002, airborne and ground-based measurements of O3, aerosols, and their precursors were made in the eastern and western North Pacific regions. Three field studies were conducted by an international team of scientists collaborating as part of the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation (ITCT) program, an activity of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP). Previous measurements have indicated that the transport of Asian emissions across the North Pacific Ocean influences the concentrations of trace tropospheric species over the Pacific and even the west coast of North America. In this special section, the recently acquired data are used to better characterize the contribution of continental sources to the aerosol, ozone, and related trace species concentrations over the North Pacific. This overview is aimed at providing the operational and logistical context of the study and introducing the principal findings and conclusions that have been drawn from the results.


(…) The higher concentration of CI in CBG may prevent initial colonization of cell walls by specific bacterial morphotypes and reduce the number of attaching bacteria, thus reducing digestibility. Silicon, which has been described as an antiquality factor, did not differ between cultivars. Responses to enzymes indicated that structural carbohydrates in specific cell walls varied in digestibility between bermudagrass cultivars, and differences in cell walls further influenced the adherence of fiber-digesting bacteria


Internet is a medium that become increasingly in demand by society from different circle. With the Internet as new media brings some changes on how people can voice their aspirations. The purpose of this article is to look at the advantages of new media in enhancing political participation and democracy compared with traditional media. With the new media, we have a great hope in democracy in Indonesia as long as government and citizens use it wisely. Keywords: new media, democracy, political participation


Parallel coordinates plot is one of the most popular and widely used visualization techniques for multi-dimensional data sets. Its main challenges for large-scale data sets are visual clutter and overplotting which hamper the recognition of patterns and trends in the data. In this paper, we propose a confluent drawing approach of parallel coordinates to support the web-based interactive visual analytics of large multi-dimensional data. The proposed method maps multi-dimensional data to node-link diagrams through the data binning-based clustering for each dimension. It uses density-based confluent drawing to visualize clusters and edges to reduce visual clutter and overplotting. Its rendering time is independent of the number of data items. It supports interactive visualization of large data sets without hardware acceleration in a normal web browser. Moreover, we design interactions to control the data binning process with this approach to support interactive visual analytics of large multi-dimensional data sets. Based on the proposed approach, we implement a web-based visual analytics application. The efficiency of the proposed method is examined through experiments on several data sets. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated through a user study, in which two typical tasks of parallel coordinates plot are performed by participants to compare the proposed method with another parallel coordinates bundling technique. Results show that the proposed method significantly enhances the web-based interactive visual analytics of large multi-dimensional data.


The correct reading of the chronicler's drawings does not exist; there are only possible readings. Mercedes Lopez–Baralt, Guaman Poma de Ayala: the colonial art of an Andean author All essential mo...


Technology and purpose of hot rolled and pickled steel sheets,surface defect of hot rolled and pickled steel sheets produced during manufacture are introduced.Measures of inspect,prevention and cure are proposed to control of surface defect in accordance with request of purpose of production.


As a typical representative of micro/nano-textured silicon, black silicon has excellent light absorption properties and is gradually surfacing as a substitute for standard silicon in photoelectric devices. Black silicon overcomes the limitations of traditional silicon-based devices, which are unable to achieve infrared light detection at wavelengths >1100 nm and have low quantum efficiency and sensitivity in ultraviolet light detection. In this article, the recent theoretical and experimental breakthroughs in near-infrared and ultraviolet detection using black silicon are summarized in detail. First, black silicon and the techniques for its fabrication are introduced. Then, the application of enhanced black silicon photodetectors within or above the bandgap limit and black silicon fabricated using different methods in infrared detection is discussed. In principle, infrared detection using black silicon is achieved by jointly utilizing element doping, localized surface plasmon resonance effect, and heterojunction formation. In addition, the application of black silicon in ultraviolet detection is also introduced. Ultraviolet detection is realized by an induced junction and the self-built electric field between black silicon and aluminum oxide. Finally, the increasingly growing potential of black silicon in near-infrared and ultraviolet detection applications, such as infrared night vision imaging, signal detection, ultraviolet light intensity monitoring, and national defense early warning, is further discussed.


From the Publisher:
Master Active Directory™ Visually™ "If you have to see it to believe it, this is the book for you!" — PC World Read Less, Learn More The Revolutionary Way to Learn!
Visual Learning By tightly integrating text and graphics, this guide shows you how Active Directory works — and makes it easier than ever to configure and manage a Windows 2000 network.Practical Know-How Step-by-step instructions and hands-on tips show you how to accomplish specific tasks, solve real-world problems, and master undocumented techniques.Complete Mastery Master every facet of Active Directory — from configuring DHCP and DNS to managing users and groups — and build a secure, stable network for your organization.
Bonus CD-ROM includes:
Trial versions of DirectMigrate 2000, Micro House Technical Library, WS_FTP Pro, and other network administration resourcesA searcheable PDF version of the book
"A master tutorial reference — from the leaders in visual learning!" — Infoworld "A publishing concept whose time has come!" — The Globe and Mail www.idgbooks.com
Author Biography: About the Author Curt Simmons, Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) and Microsoft Certified Trainer (MCT), is a Windows expert who spends his most of his time writing technical books. Curt has been working closely with Windows 2000 and the Active Directory since beta 1 was released, and he is author of a dozen high-level computing books on Microsoft technologies. Curt lives in a little Texas town outside of Dallas with his wife and daughter, and you can visit him on the Internet atcurtsimmons.hypermart.net.


PURPOSE: A method for detecting a face and an apparatus and a method for detecting an upper body are provided to accurately detect an upper body by combining a face detecting method, an omega area method, and a lateral/rear side detecting method. CONSTITUTION: An omega area detecting part(120) detects an omega area containing a shape composed of a face and shoulder lines from a subject image. A face detecting part(140) detects the face part of a human from the omega area. An upper body verifying part(160) verifies whether the subject image contains the upper body of the human based on the detection result of the face detecting part. Unless the face of the human is detected, a lateral/rear side verifying part(150) verifies the lateral side or the rear side of the human from the omega zone.


This report presents our work on behavioral types for OSGi component systems. It extends previously published work and presents features and details that have not yet been published. In particular, we cover a discussion on behavioral types in general, and Eclipse based implementation work on behavioral types . The implementation work covers: editors, means for comparing types at development and runtime, a tool connection to resolve incompatibilities, and an AspectJ based infrastructure to ensure behavioral type correctness at runtime of a system. Furthermore, the implementation comprises various auxiliary operations. We present some evaluation work based on examples.


The flow disturbance to a pneumatic vibration isolation table causes periodic fluctuation of the table. In current study, one cycle of flow disturbance is estimated offline using a disturbance observer. The time series data of one cycle estimated disturbance is then stored in the memory of digital signal processor. The program codes are prepared which can detect every cycle of the flow disturbance based on the threshold of table position. The estimated signal is then repeatedly injected from the memory through a compensator to the servo valve to suppress table fluctuation due to periodic actual flow disturbance. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by experimental results.


This study was carried out to evaluate the extension officer contribution to cocoa production in Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used, where two hundred and sixteen questionnaires were distributed in Osun and Ondo state , the information gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistic such as; frequency and percentage, while chi-square analysis was used to analyze the data obtained. From the results, married (77.6%),  male (84.0%), secondary school holders (52.0%), between 40-49 (34.4%) years old farmers were seen as the highest cocoa producers. Extension training(64.0%), commercial agents(64.0%), fellowship(52.8%), self observation(76.0%) were the best source of information on extension service of cocoa farming , most respondents (65.0%); get extension training programme at regular basis, identified Constraints facing cocoa production in the study area includes deficient credit facilities, high cost of labour, bad road, poor marketing/storage facilities, lack of technical knowledge / assess to technical tools and so on. in view of afore mentioned result it is therefore recommended that the government should make loan available to the cocoa famers at very low interest rate and urge cocoa farmers to form cooperative society, strengthen their agricultural extension agents so that they will be able to rain cocoa farmers on the basic things they should know about primary processing such as fermentation and drying of cocoa beans in improving the quality in Nigeria to meet international market.
Keywords: Assessment, Extension officer, Contribution, Farmers, Cocoa production


Designing and developing innovative products is the core competency requested today in the job market. A competent student capable of developing innovative products is a student who able to master the development process, as well as make prototypes, and thus effectively using prototyping technologies. In this perspective, many technical high schools, universities, and FabLabs need machines dedicated to the realization of prototypes such as 3D printers, CNC machines. This need is, however, arduous for implementation in the context of universities, technical colleges, and FabLabs in the developing countries due to deep-rooted local constraints, such as shortage of financial and human resources. Therefore, the design of an intelligent hybrid machine that can consolidate a maximum of features and give a wide range of prototyping possibilities, and taking into account these constraints, have to be proposed. In this paper, we present the proposed process or designing and developing the customized intelligent hybrid machine. The paper aims to emphasize the importance of using a customized design process for the development of a hybrid machine, based on the best techniques and methods of product development used by industries, such as job mapping to identify the opportunities, business model Canvas to create and capture the value offered by opportunities, Functional analysis, Kano model, Quality Function Deployment (QFD), morphological analysis, Triz, Pugh,… The eventual development of this customized hybrid machine will motivate students to work as true engineers, improve their ability to solve engineering problems and work collaboratively. It will be useful for all universities of a similar context of limited resources.


Periodicity of an entire function is characterized by the behavior of coecients of its Maclaurin expansion. We show that the periodicity of any entire function can be easily charac- terized by the behavior of the coecients of its Maclaurin expansion. Namely, we have the following Theorem 1. Let f : C! C be an entire function with the expansion


Mobile-assisted language learning (MALL), as an important part of mobile learning, is gradually attracting the attention of scholars. Mobile-assisted language learning is gradually replacing traditional Computer Assisted Language Learning as the dominant approach to Distance Education. The teaching of English vocabulary, as the foundation of language teaching, is often neglected in English teaching, and teachers often leave students to learn words on their own, and students also lack the corresponding theoretical basis and learning mode. Although mobile learning is convenient, its fragmented characteristics lead learners to learn only at a superficial level, and deep learning is difficult to reach. Therefore, this thesis argues that a teaching model specifically designed for deep acquisition of English vocabulary should be designed to provide a channel for learners to acquire vocabulary knowledge at a deep level. Therefore, this thesis designs a five-step model based on deep English vocabulary learning, which corresponds to the process of deep English vocabulary acquisition: 1. Introductory Session; 2. System Construction Session; 4. Practice and Examination System Construction Session; 5. The Construction of Critical Thinking Session. These five steps correspond to the corresponding mobile applications to improve students' deep English vocabulary acquisition. Students' attitudes toward Deep Motive, Deep Strategy, Surface Motive, and Surface Strategy will be tested before the start of the course using the R-SPQ-2F Questionnaire.


The objective of this research was to describe effectiveness of advance organizer learning model in improving students' skills of giving simple explanations and mentioning examples in solubility and solubility product materials. Subjects in this research were all students in classroom XI IPA 3 in State Senior High School 7 in Bandar Lampung. This research used pre-experiment method with One-group Pretest-posttest design.  The research of this research showed that n-gain average values of skills in giving simple explanations and mentioning examples were 0.71 (high category) and 0.58 (middle category). Based on these n-gain average values, the advance organizer learning model was effective in improving skills in giving simple explanations and mentioning examples. Keywords: advance organizer , skill in giving simple explanations, skill in mentioning examples


The author of the text, managing director of PZOK, a leading German PR examination and certification organisation, focuses on the content and standards of examinations, training and further education. Attention is drawn to what a future, and current, PR professional should know, and what competences he or she should possess. The article discusses the components of these competences, as well as discussing the context of PR, and the environment surrounding it. The author draws upon the background of a PR professional, with references to wider competences in the fields of journalism and media.


The article mainly deals with the idea of "developing with the times", about its origin in Yan huang culture ,and demonstrates academically the idea of "developing with the times" of Yan-huang culture as well as lo its important meanings to grasp the ideological line of CPC.


Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of olmesartan medoxomil in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Methods In the prospective double-blind randomized controlled study, 40 patients with sitting DBP≥90 mmHg at the end of 2-week placebo wash-out period were randomized to olmesartan medoxomil(n=20) or losartan group(n=20).The enrolled patients received olmesartan medoxomil 20 mg or losartan 50 mg once daily for 4 weeks. For the patients with an unsatisfactory blood pressure response (sitting DBP≥90 mmHg), the dosage of medicine was doubled until the 8th week in both groups. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured every 2 weeks, and blood and urine routine, biochemical indexes and electrocardiogram were assessed at baseline and end of the treatment. Results Eight weeks after treatment, the blood pressure was significantly decreased from baseline in both groups(P0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the therapeutic effect between the two groups (P0.05). The total effective rates were 64.21% in olmesartan medoxomil group and 60.0% in losartan group with no significant difference between the two groups(P0.05). No significant changes were found in laboratory tests and heart rate(P0.05), and no adverse events were observed in both groups. Conclusion Like losartan, olmesartan medoxomil has a favorable antihypertensive effect and is safe in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension.


The differences and similarities of the leadership mechanism in the Sino-Norwegian bi-cultural teleworking teams are discussed in terms of two aspects: the basic leadership mechanism and the remote leadership mechanism. And then in the case study of a bi-cultural teleworking team in a Sino-Norwegian Joint Venture M, the problem about leadership mechanism in the bi-cultural teleworking team is analyzed, and some corresponding measures to solve the problem are put forward finally.


As the Series Editor of the Ashgate Publishers Interdisciplinary Research Series in Ethnic, Gender and Class Relations in which Dr. Temitope Oriola's book was published, I was pleased and honored to be invited to review this original contribution to knowledge during the public presentation of the book at Alberta University, Canada.


The aim of this article is to show a law tax harmonization process in a situation of a growing economic integration of member countries of European Union. In the article particular emphasis was laid on the course of a process of adapting Polish law system in the field of indirect taxes to the rules valid in the European Union. The reasoning of particular actions and negotiation moves were explained - both on Polish and European side. The process is complex, long and difficult. However, there is a field for negotiations - The basis for the article were literature studies. Author is not the first one that is dealing with the subject. Literature in this matter is convergent in assessments and analysis of changes in case of tax harmonization. Most of authors, like Brzezinski, Gluchowski and Kosikowski (1998) or Kawecka- Wyrzykowska (2004) in their publications emphasize that the harmonization process is difficult and long. However it is inevitable to create conditions for the functioning of the common market in the EU. There are possibilities to negotiate unique solutions or transitory periods. Author concentrated on Value Added Tax (VAT) and all details concerning the process of its harmonization.


The In-Space Propulsion Technology Project (ISPT), funded by NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD), is continuing to invest in propulsion technologies that will enable or enhance NASA robotic science missions. This paper provides development status, benefits and availability of in-space propulsion technology products and a brief summary of the mission and systems analysis. The ISPT products are: 1) NASA's Evolutionary Xenon Thruster (NEXT) gridded ion propulsion system, 2) the Advanced Materials Bi-propellant Rocket (AMBR), 3) an aerocapture system, and 4) a low cost high voltage Hall thruster. Inspace propulsion technologies are applicable, and potentially enabling a variety of science mission classes and destinations.


This paper proposes a successive coordinated power allocation (SCPA) scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems based on the water-filling algorithm. The model assumes two transmitters belonging to heterogeneous cells, i.e. a macro cell and a micro/pico cell with predefined different power capabilities that cover a common geographical area over a channel that includes path loss and shadowing. The main idea is the reduction of the computation complexity and the minimization of information exchange between the two transmitters while preserving similar performance with the optimal cooperative power allocation (OCPA) joint transmission algorithm, recently proposed in the literature. The algorithms are evaluated via extensive Monte-Carlo simulations. The results show that the proposed algorithm provides similar sum rate than OCPA and presents a higher mean number of serving mobile units while reducing, at the same time, the complexity by roughly to orders of magnitude.


A new type of low-NO{sub x} burner has been developed for NO{sub x} reduction of tangentially fired boilers. The basic idea of the RI-JET (Rapid Ignition) low-NO{sub x} burner is to create a high-temperature reducing flame near the burner tip. In order to promote rapid ignition and to form a reducing zone near the burner, the RI-JET burner is equipped with a flame stabilizer in the coal nozzle, an axial swirler in the secondary air nozzle and a guide sleeve between the secondary and tertiary air nozzles. By now, this new low-NO{sub x} combustion technology has been applied in two power stations, where the NO{sub x} reductions achieved by RI-JET burners and an over-fire air system varied between 50 and 75% and, at the same time, unburned carbon was below 5%. The flame was stable over the normal load range 50-100%, and the flame stability was independent of the burner zone stoichiometric ratio. Low NO{sub x} and UBC values were therefore achieved also when operating the boiler at low load.


An integrated index for evaluating regional forest ecological function was proposed taking forest coverage, quality and distribution as basic elements. A case study based on continuous forest inventory data of year 2004 and 2009 of Zhejiang province showed that integrated index during five years increased from 0.5802 to 0.6003. Among the increase, 0.0167 was from forest coverage, 0.0661 from quality and-0.0224 from distribution. The result explained the change of forest in past 5 years in the province.


This paper evaluates the accuracy of estimates of pension wealth based on self-reports by comparing them to estimates based on provider data. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we found that few workers are well informed about their future pension benefits. Self-reports were often incomplete and typically varied widely from those based on information from providers. In defined benefit (DB) plans, discrepancies were greatest for workers who had limited education, earned low wages, and did not expect to retire soon. Differences in median pension wealth were smaller at the aggregate level than the individual level, because individual differences tended to offset each other when aggregated. Provider data appear better than self-reports for DB plans, but not for defined contribution (DC) plans. Where both are available, the best method of computing pension wealth may be to estimate DB wealth from provider data and to estimate DC wealth from self-reports. Copyright 2000 by The International Association for Research in Income and Wealth.


The paper presents certain nominal and exploitation data about OBB two-current locomotive, alias locomotive from Breeder, of components principal, which contain she (motors 6 FRA 7059, principal transformer, microcomputer MICAS-S2). Is described in detail this principle of function, as well as one command-control system de-centralized MICAS-S2. It insists about the operation and transit mode from alternate current in continuum current. Are setting off the different protections that are imposed.


On the exploitation of open pit coal mine triggered by environmental problems and the causes and proposed countermeasures.This paper begins with brief descriptions of several of China's largest open-pit mine development and the current open-pit mine and other facing the same quality of the ecological environment seriously affect the sustained economic development.And the development of open-pit mine triggered by the deterioration of the ecological environment reasons for the in-depth study,examples demonstrate,from the status quo of China's open-pit mine countermeasures.


Because of the social traditional prejudice and their self-understanding and other reasons,many vocational college students have a series of problems in learning ability,interpersonal interaction ability and psychological mediation ability.Campus psychodrama is that students use a stage to present psychological problems in living,learning,and communication,learn to deal with psychological problems with the help of psychological teachers,performers and audiences,so as to solve their psychological problems and also enable all the students to receive education and inspiration. This paper discusses the role of campus psychodrama in the psychological health education in Higher Vocational colleges and how to improve the efficiency of campus psychodrama in the psychological health education in Higher Vocational colleges.


Aiming at the decision-making problem under the condition of information overload in the quality management of aerospace products, a method is proposed to improve the quality and the efficiency of decision-making by establishing a quality problem knowledge graph. We established a top-down quality problem knowledge graph construction process model and designed the data model layer of the quality problem knowledge graph. With the reference of the designed knowledge graph, we constructed the concept-attribute-relationship ontology model of quality problem knowledge and put forward the strategy of knowledge entity and relationship integration. Finally, a knowledge management system for product quality problem was developed and initially applied in an aerospace product development enterprise. The results of the research can provide a reference for the intelligent application of quality big data.


Abstract It is shown that P, depending on x, u and derivatives of u, satisfies Div P ≥ 0 for all such x, u, if and only if Div p = Φ(x) ≥ 0 where Φ is independent of u. Applications to theories of continuum thermomechanics are discussed.


The 1958 riots in Britain have received only limited attention. Those who have written about them have all assumed that they were 'race‐related'. The paper argues, contra this orthodoxy, that the riots were the site for political and ideological conflict, and that particular political and ideological relations ensured that the idea of 'race' came to be used to interpret them.


A generalized controller canonical form for linear and nonlinear dynamics is proposed. It is obtained using the theorem of the primitive element from differential algebra. The derivation of the controller form does not apply to multivariable constant linear systems. With the transformations, all nonlinear dynamics can be exactly linearized by dynamic feedback. The main departure from standard theory is that transformations may depend on input derivatives. Once differential-algebraic tools are introduced, the proofs of the results are easy. >


1. Königshoff M, Rojas M. Galectin-3: the bridge over troubled waters. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012;185:473–475. 2. Fenster BE, Lasalvia L, Schroeder JD, Smyser J, Silveira LJ, Buckner JK, et al. Galectin-3 levels are associated with right ventricular functional and morphologic changes in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Heart Vessels 2016;31:939–946. 3. Hao M, Li M, Li W. Galectin-3 inhibition ameliorates hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery hypertension. Mol Med Rep 2017;15:160–168. 4. Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Kasahara Y, Alger L, Hirth P, Mc Mahon G, Waltenberger J, et al. Inhibition of the VEGF receptor 2 combined with chronic hypoxia causes cell death-dependent pulmonary endothelial cell proliferation and severe pulmonary hypertension. FASEB J 2001; 15:427–438. 5. Gomez-Arroyo J, Voelkel NF, Bogaard HJ, Taraseviciene-Stewart L. Usefulness of a mousemodel of reversible pulmonary arterial hypertension: be cautious, choose carefully. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012;185:1326. 6. Harrison SA, Marri SR, Chalasani N, Kohli R, Aronstein W, Thompson GA, et al. Randomised clinical study: GR-MD-02, a galectin-3 inhibitor, vs. placebo in patients having non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with advanced fibrosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016;44:1183–1198. 7. Barman SA, Chen F, Su Y, Dimitropoulou C, Wang Y, Catravas JD, et al. NADPH oxidase 4 is expressed in pulmonary artery adventitia and contributes to hypertensive vascular remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014;34:1704–1715. 8. Mazurek JA, Horne BD, Saeed W, Sardar MR, Zolty R. Galectin-3 levels are elevated and predictive of mortality in pulmonary hypertension. Heart Lung Circ 2017;26:1208–1215. 9. Guo S, Feng Z. Galectin-3 mediates the effect of PDGF on pulmonary arterial hypertension. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015;8:15302–15307. 10. Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Guan X, Chen M, Li Y, et al. Galectin-3 contributes to vascular fibrosis in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension rat model. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017;31:e21879.


Historians of United States education know well the business metaphors for schooling but not as well the military ones. A brief exploration of a contemporary educational term, the dropout, illustrates the complexities in linguistic genealogies of our school metaphors and the hazards of asserting a clear ancestry for specific educational tropes. David Angus, David Tyack and Elisabeth Hansot, Joseph Kett, Richard Altenbaugh (with David Engel and Don Martin), and Sherman Dorn have written of the rising and falling concerns about adolescent school-leaving over the past century. What has concerned this venture, in a minor way, is pinning down the first appearance of "dropout" (or similar phrases) in reference to schooling. The question of when dropping out became a recognized social problem was central to Dorn's research, but Altenbaugh et al., Stephen Lassonde, and Tyack and Hansot have also discussed the use of the word itself.


Assessing the outcome of patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis by using conventional criteria is difficult, particularly when clinical and radiologic worsening coincides with neutrophil recovery. Usually, it is assumed that this deterioration is related to progressive aspergillosis, prompting changes in patient management. However, its temporal relation with neutrophil recovery suggests that it may be caused by an immune reconstitution syndrome (IRIS). Galactomannan is an Aspergillus‐specific polysaccharide that is released during aspergillosis and is detected by the serum galactomannan test, which has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. In this study, the authors used sequential galactomannan testing to distinguish IRIS responses from progressive aspergillosis.


Neural networks (NNs) have become a key technology for solving highly complex tasks, and require integration into future safety argumentations. New safety relevant aspects introduced by NN based algorithms are: representativity of test cases, robustness, inner representation and logic, and failure detection for NNs. In this paper, a general argumentation structure for safety cases respecting these four aspects is proposed together with possible sources of evidence.


We have observed a time delay in HgCdTe in the photoplastic response of these crystals. The magnitude of the time delay and the total change in stress Δσ are dependent on the wavelength of the irradiation. The observation of a time delay provides a basis for establishing that the photoplastic process is a dynamic one, in contrast to prior treatments of the problem as a static process. We also present data on the influence of light on the fracture toughness of the crystals.


Activated ester of side chain of cefixime was prepared from 2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-(Z)-2-(methoxycarbonylmethoxyimino) acetic acid,with yield of 82.8 %,which was of value in commercial manufacture.


Several pieces of research on the toponym of place names in Indonesia have been carried out but focus on place names on the island of Java. The limited documentation of place names makes the study of toponymy in Sumatra a must. This article aims to map the thematization of place naming on the West Coast of Sumatra Island. The research was conducted in a qualitative descriptive manner with a corpus linguistic approach. Data was collected by means of documentation, interviews, and focus group discussions. Data were analyzed by following work procedures by Miles and Huberman (2013), involving data condensation, data display, verification drawing, and Sudaryat's toponymy categorization (2009). The results showed that the toponym of place names on the West Coast of Sumatra Island reflects the relationship between humans and their natural environment. This relationship is manifested through the thematization of place names, namely: embodiment, social, and culture. The embodiment aspect includes the sub-themes of water background, topographical background, and natural environment background. The social aspects include the sub-themes of residential background, economic activity background, and building background. The cultural aspects include sub-themes of myths, folklore, and legends passed down through oral traditions.


The utility model relates to a pair of anti-run ankle socks, wherein two to five silica gel anti-skid strips are arranged between heels inside ankle socks and rib collars, and are in corrugated shapes, the uppermost strip is 1 to 4cm longer than the lower strip, thereby the contact areas with heels can be greater, thereby achieving more clinging effect, the flexibility and environment-protection performance of silica gel can not affect comfort and health due to direct contact with skin, contracting strips woven through adding rubber ribs are further arranged on sock bodies, which not only can increase the comfort, but also can prevent running, and the anti-run ankle socks have the characteristics of reasonable structure, environment protection, health, comfort, and skid prevention.


Drastic grain comminution is frequently observed in upper-crust faults and large rock avalanche deposits. Here we report our model experiments to elucidate the possible role of grain comminution in dry granular friction. We sheared halite (NaCl) grains with a ring-shear configuration at a constant slip rate under various normal stresses and investigated the post-slip structures of the experimental fault zones using micro X-ray computed tomography. Consequently, distinct frictional behaviors were observed: a constant friction regime at small slip displacements and a frictional weakening regime at large displacements. The characteristic slip lengths for the two regimes decreased with increasing normal stress and were characterized by approximately the same exponent, regardless of the initial grain size. We developed a theoretical model that considered the production, saturation, and overflow of fine particles in the shear zone and successfully reproduced the transient frictional behavior in the


The properties of a new diuretic, bumetanide, were investigated in ten normal volunteers, and sixty-eight patients with fluid retention. It had a rapid action virtually complete in 4 hr with an effect on water and electrolyte excretion similar to that of frusemide. It was highly potent, 1 mg producing an effect comparable to 48 mg frusemide in normal subjects, and about 40 mg in oedematous subjects in controlled short-term experiments. In long-term studies in forty-eight patients extending over periods up to 51 weeks it was found to be effective in controlling oedema. There was a low incidence of electrolyte complications and no other biochemical abnormalities or haematological complications were attributed to the drug. Bumetanide was well tolerated by patients. A drug rash was observed in two cases.


The infectivity and severity of the severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2) pandemic (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID19]) has fostered the need for speed in the work to make progress against the virus. However, speed alone— without proper direction and control— can have dangerous, unintended consequences. This commentary describes ways COVID19 has disrupted business as usual for industry and regulatory agencies. We highlight critical implications in global health and community engagement as well as opportunities to address longstanding challenges to accelerating biopharmaceutical innovation.


There have been hiatuses in global warming since the 1990s, and their potential impacts have attracted extensive attention and discussion. Changes in temperature not only directly affect the greening of vegetation but can also indirectly alter both the growth state and the growth tendency of vegetation by altering other climatic elements. The middle-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) constitute the region that has experienced the most warming in recent decades; therefore, identifying the effects of warming hiatuses on the vegetation greening in that region is of great importance. Using satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data and climatological observation data from 1982–2013, we investigated hiatuses in warming trends and their impact on vegetation greenness in the NH. Our results show that the regions with warming hiatuses in the NH accounted for 50.1% of the total area and were concentrated in Mongolia, central China, and other areas. Among these regions, 18.8% of the vegetation greenness was inhibited in the warming hiatus areas, but 31.3% of the vegetation grew faster. Because temperature was the main positive climatic factor in central China, the warming hiatuses caused the slow vegetation greening rate. However, precipitation was the main positive climatic factor affecting vegetation greenness in Mongolia; an increase in precipitation accelerated vegetation greening. The regions without a warming hiatus, which were mainly distributed in northern Russia, northern central Asia, and other areas, accounted for 49.9% of the total area. Among these regions, 21.4% of the vegetation grew faster over time, but 28.5% of the vegetation was inhibited. Temperature was the main positive factor affecting vegetation greenness in northern Russia; an increase in temperature promoted vegetation greening. However, radiation was the main positive climatic factor in northern central Asia; reductions in radiation inhibited the greenness of vegetation. Our findings suggest that warming hiatuses differentially affect vegetation greening and depend on meteorological factors, especially the main meteorological factors.


The site of the recording electrode influences the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and its variation over a length of nerve. The effects of large electrodes on this source of intra‐individual variability were assessed. Right median nerves of 20 healthy subjects were studied, and recordings made at three sites (at 1‐cm intervals) using five electrode sizes (0.01, 1, 2, 4, and 10 cm2). Site‐induced variability was defined as the standard deviation (SDi) and coefficient of variation (CVi) of the measurements of the three sites. Site induced variability of all parameters (latency, duration, amplitude, area, MNCV, and the percentile changes of duration, amplitude, and area over the forearm) decreased significantly with electrode size. Decreases were most pronounced for amplitude and area: CVi fell from 29% and 30% (0.01‐cm2 electrode) to 10% and 8% (10 cm2). It is argued that large electrodes record activity of more motor units than small electrodes, and that their measurement fields overlap to a greater extent. The use of large electrodes is recommended in order to reduce site‐induced CMAP variability.© 1995 John Wiley &Sons, Inc.


In this contribution a complex calculation method for spiral housings of turbo-pumps is presented,which usefully approches to friction processes and by which structural influences can plainly be detected.First results for an approximately rotationally symmetrical flow are discussed.


This paper is concerns with the study of modeling and control of sludge pyrolysis in a fluidized bed reactor. Firstly, a mathematical model is established for sludge pyrolysis in a fluidized bed furnace, mass balance and energy equations are established. Then, the model is linearized at the steady-state point, two linear models are derived: state space model and transfer function model. The transfer function model is used in internal model control (IMC), where the filter parameter is selected and discussed. The state space model is applied in model predictive control (MPC), where controller parameters of prediction horizon length and control horizon length are discussed.


The time-frequency degree of freedom of the electromagnetic field is the final frontier for single-photon measurements. The temporal and spectral distribution a measurement retrodicts (that is, the state it projects onto) is determined by the detector's intrinsic resonance structure. In this paper, we construct ideal and more realistic positive operator-valued measures (POVMs) that project onto arbitrary single-photon wave packets with high efficiency and low noise. We discuss applications to super-resolved measurements and quantum communication. In doing so we will give a fully quantum description of the entire photodetection process, give prescriptions for (in principle) performing single-shot Heisenberg-limited time-frequency measurements of single photons, and discuss fundamental limits and trade-offs inherent to single-photon detection.


A mixture distribution is a compounding of statistical distributions, which arises when sampling from inhomogeneous populations (or mixed populations) with a different probability density function in each component. The mixture model has been extensively studied and challenged in various scientific fields such as astronomy, genetics, bioinformatics, computer science, ecology, economics, engineering, robotics and biostatistics. For instance, in genetics, location of quantitative traits on a chromosome and interpretation of micro arrays both relate to mixtures, while, in computer science, spam filters and web context analysis (Jordan 2004) start from a mixture assumption to distinguish spam's from regular emails and group pages by topic, respectively. A wide variety of mixture situations are described in Lindsay (1995). A finite mixture has a finite number of components. A general mixture density with k components can be written as


The option of production of nanodisperse powders silicon oxide from natural gidrotermalny solutions is developed. Hydrothermal solutions contain colloidal kremnezy, being formed in result of polycondensation of molecules of ortokremniyevy acid. Ultrafiltrational membrane a game centering of hydrothermal solutions are received to ashes кремнезема with the maintenance of SiO2 to 600 g/dm3 (43,0%) and radiuses of particles of 29-135 nanometers. Kriokhimichesky vacuum сублимационной drying zopour with use of liquid nitrogen powders кремнезема with a specific surface of 110-400 sq.m/g, average diameter of a time – 3-10 nanometers, volume of a time of 0.2-0.3 cm3/g are received. Hydrothermal solutions concentrate baromembranny filtering with application of ultrafiltrational membranes. The way allows to receive powders with the sizes of particles in a range of 10-100 nanometers, a specific surface to 500 sq.m/g, average diameters of a time of 3-12 nanometers. Input silicon oxide at doses of 0,01-0,1 % on cement leads to increase of durability of concrete at compression for 15-22 %. Zoli and powders have prospects of industrial use in productions of construction materials, sorbents, catalysts, polymers, rubbers, paints.


Abstract Pretreatment with the original auxin physiological analogues 1-[2-chloroethoxycarbonylmethyl]-4-naphthalenesulfonic acid calcium salt (TA-12) and 1-[2-dimethylaminoethoxicarbonylmethyl]naphthalene chlormethylate (TA-14) and subsequent UV-B irradiation (180 min at λmax 312 nm for 6.6 kJ·m−2) of pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) was investigated to assess if foliar application of these compounds has ability to attenuate the negative effects caused by UV-B stress. UV-B treatment increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline levels as well as superoxide dismutase, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities, but decreased hydrogen peroxide, low-molecular thiols, total phenolics and total soluble protein contents. The pre-treatment with TA compounds decreased the oxidative stress provoked by UV-B radiation detected by lower level of MDA, increased the content of thiols and UV-absorbing compounds and had favourable effect on H2O2 content and enzymatic activities. Exogenous application of auxin-like compounds on pea plantlets successfully counteracted UV-B induced oxidative stress via activation of ROS detoxifying enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants.


SCHISTOSOMIASIS did not become a significant public health problem in the United States until a decade or 2 ago, when increased numbers of persons migrated to this country from Puerto Rico. In recent years, the problem has been further compounded by the influx of students from endemic areas in South America, Africa, and the Far East and by the worldwide commitment of American servicemen. Of the 3 species of schistosomes which produce disease in man, none is indigenous to North America. Schistosoma mansoni usually is found in the West Indies, South America, Africa, and the Arabian Peninsula; Schistosoma japonicum in China, Japan, the Philippines, and the Celebes; and Schistosoma hematobium in Africa. In some of these endemic areas, over half of the native population is infected, and of these, about 2 to 4 percent will develop cerebral complications.l.z It is clear that with the growing incidence of schistosomiasis in the United States, the not uncommon cerebral form will become an increasingly important consideration in the differential diagnosis of intracranial disease. A case of cerebral schistosomiasis with a review of the pertinent literature is presented to emphasize the clinical and laboratory characteristics of a disease which threatens to become more prevalent in the United States.


factors of mental illness are inextricably interwoven, but combination treatments are only just beginning to be evaluated and the discussion is polemical. It is in the treatment of agoraphobia and panic disorder that most work on combined pharmacological and psychological therapy has been executed and it is in the treatment of agoraphobia that most contention between schools of therapy exists and is exploited. Debates on comparative efficacy may be stimulating to academic researchers but for those seeking clear guidelines for treatment, opposing claims without rigorous supporting data from independent


The soil heavy metal detection methods commonly used at home and abroad in recent years,at the same time,introduced some new detection technologies,such as high spectrum technology,environmental magnetism,terahertz technology and biological technology,compares the advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of detection methods,evaluation,and compared with traditional laboratory tests the comprehensive comparison and analysis. On such a basis,forecasted the development trend of soil heavy metal detection technology.


Oxalysine was found to be an antitumor antibiotic with a simple chemical structure very similar to lysine. In this paper, the antimetastatic action of oxalysine was studied and compared with ICRF-159. The Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice were killed at intervals during 10-21 d after sc implantation of tumor. The lungs from these mice were transplanted to other mice to examine the presence of tumor cells by bioassay. On d 21 after implantation of lung the tumor growth was found in 78% of the recipient mice. Oxylysine(160 mg/kg/d) was injected ip for 10 d to the Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice. The antimetastatic action could be detected when the treatment was started on the next day after implantation of tumor cells(P<0.05).When the drug was started on d 8 after implantation, antimetastatic action was more marked with 17% incidence of lung metastases(P<0.01). Hence oxalysine possesses a definite antimetastatic effect on Lewis lung carcinoma.


The likely sources modeling covariance structure of longitudinal data include random effects,serial correlation and measurement errors(Diggle et al,2002).This paper is devoted to studying the individual and composite tests for autocorrelation and presence of random effects in nonlinear models based on longitudinal data.The score test statistics are obtained and illustrated with plasma concentrations data (Davidian giltinan,1995).


THE DEMANDS for psychiatric manpower to implement the extensive functions currently expected from the professionals concerned with mental health and illness are rapidly increasing. So many new activities are supposedly "musts" in the expanded mental health fields that we are hearing more and more about the training of "subprofessionals." These pressures should have had their effect on leaders in the field, the professors of psychiatry. But where are they and what do they do? It would be assumed that they are scholars, investigators, or teachers who have reached their eminent positions on the basis of consistent contributions to some aspect of the field. Unfortunately, this is not so—they are mostly younger men, presumably welltrained in outstanding institutions, and chosen to fill the large number of new posts because they give promise of future productivity, or at least because they can serve as


This paper describes a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) systematic investigation regarding the functionalization of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles with diphenyl dichalcogenides, i.e. diphenyl disulfide, diphenyl diselenide, and diphenyl ditelluride. Our results showed that, in all cases, functionalization took place with the cleavage of the chalcogen–chalcogen bond on the surface of the metal. According to our density functional theory calculations, the molecules assumed a tilted orientation with respect to the metal surface for both Au and Ag, in which the angle of the phenyl ring relative to the metallic surface decreased as the mass of the chalcogen atom increased. The detected differences in the ordinary Raman and SERS spectra were assigned to the distinct stretching frequencies of the carbon–chalcogen bond and its relative contribution to the ring vibrational modes. In addition, the SERS spectra showed that there was no significant interaction between the phenyl ring and the surface, in agreement with the tilted orientation observed from our density functional theory calculations. The results described herein indicate that diphenyl dichalcogenides can be successfully employed as starting materials for the functionalization of Au nanoparticles with organosulfur, organoselenium, and organotellurium compounds. On the other hand, diphenyl disulfide and diphenyl diselenide could be employed for the functionalization of Ag nanoparticles, while the partial oxidation of the organotellurium unit could be detected on the Ag surface. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We propose an on-chip photonic particle sensor design that can perform particle sizing and counting for various environmental applications. The sensor is based on micro photonic ring resonators that are able to detect the presence of the free space particles through the interaction with their evanescent electric field tail. The sensor can characterize a wide range of the particle size ranging from a few nano meters to micron (~1 micron). The photonic platform offers high sensitivity, compactness, fast response of the device. Further, FDTD simulations are performed to analyze different particle-light interactions. Such a compact and portable platform, packaged with integrated photonic circuit provides a useful sensing modality in space shuttle and environmental applications.


The objective of Text Recognition is to recognize the text from printed hardcopy document to preferred format. Recognizing a text is a very easiest job for humans, but in a machine or electric device that does text recognition is a challenging task. The major steps involved in text Recognition is pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, classification. To attain high speed in data processing it is essential to convert the analog data into digital data. Storage of hard copy of any document occupies large space and retrieving of information from that document is time consuming. Optical character recognition system is an effective way in recognition of text. OCR affords the easiest way to recognize and convert the printed text on image into the editable text. It also increases the speed of data reclamation from the image


A new annealing technique, compositional interdiffusion (CID), has been used to fabricate high performance, single heterostructure diode lasers of Pb<inf>1-x</inf>Sn<inf>x</inf>Se and PbS<inf>1-x</inf>Se<inf>x</inf>. These alloy semiconductors cover the infrared region from 3 to 30 µm The improved tunable diode lasers exhibit CW operating temperatures as high as 130K with bias currents limited to 2 Amps. Using temperature variation single lasers have been tuned as much as 400 cm<sup>-1</sup>, with some lasers having been tuned over the entire 9-12 µm atmospheric window region. Single-ended, CW power outputs as high as 38 mW at a bias current of 2 Amps have been observed from PbS<inf>1-x</inf>Se<inf>x</inf>lasers fabricated by the new technique. It is shown that the CID effect should occur in other Pb-salt type alloy semiconductors as well.


This study explores the differences in pollution control performance of industries with different types of ownership – State owned (SOE), collectively or community owned (COE), and privately owned (POE). A theoretic analysis is conducted and followed by an empirical assessment with Chinese data. The empirical results show that the COEs in China have better environmental performances in water pollution discharges than the SOEs and the POEs, suggesting that COEs may internalize environmental externalities.


lain. Daron Acemoglu, Maria Angelica Bautista, Pablo Querubin, and James Robinson explore the interaction between political and economic inequality in Colombia, arguing that the Engerman and Sokoloff story needs important qualiacations. Both essays use regression techniques to discriminate between alternative hypotheses and to advance our understanding of Latin American history. The second half of the book is divided between "Theory" and "Contemporary Evidence." Both sections contain essays replete with mathematical models and statistical regressions. They echo questions raised in the historical essays. The theory of civil wars by James D. Fearon shows how the decline of central Spanish authority might have worked out. The analysis of party politics by Gene Grossman and Helpman uses the same reasoning as the analysis of medieval administrators, and the discussion of informal institutions in Kenya is close to the description of informal institutions in industrializing Britain. Four other essays explore aspects of democracies, asking how parliamentary systems work and whether democracies promote economic growth. An essay by Timothy Besley and Masayuki Kudamatsu notes that autocratic governments have the same kinds of disparate effects on economic growth as democratic governments seem to have. This book will repay the effort that it takes to read the essays; the quality is uniformly high. The concentration on the arst half of the book in this review is intended to encourage interdisciplinary colleagues to beneat from the explorations of economists and political scientists as reported in their historical essays. More quantitative interdisciplinary historians will beneat from reading the whole collection.


The construction industry is growing extraordinarily, progressive and profitable. It is one of the topmost sectors that contribute to the economy of a country. Even so, it is the riskiest industry as construction workplace has the highest number of fatality and injuries. Safety and health issues remain critical to the construction industry due to its working environment and the complexity of working practices. When related to health, hygiene is one factor to be observed, in which safety is a primary concern in the construction sector. Hygiene, being part of safety and health management in site plays a significant role in the performance of an organization. At some extent, ignorance of hygiene resulted catastrophically. The present study found the influence of industry hygiene towards innovation performance in the construction industry. The industrial hygiene which measured through few dimensions, i.e. hygiene knowledge, personal hygiene behaviour and hygiene personnel protection equipment are tested against innovation performance as the dependent variable. Following the comprehensive reviews, it is pertinent for the research to choose a quantitative undertaking, where questionnaires survey is the primary tool to collect the data among the construction companies, i.e., developers and contractors that registered with CIDB. The instrument will be developed to investigate the influence of industrial hygiene practices toward innovation performance. The research objectives will be achieved by statistically analyzing the collected data with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to verify the relationship between the variables.


This article aims to investigate the influence of parasocial relationships and relational quality on brand advocacy among Indonesian millennials in the social media era. The study seeks to identify the factors that impact brand advocacy among this demographic group and examine the connection between parasocial relationships, relational quality, and their effects on brand advocacy. The research hypotheses propose that both parasocial relationships and relational quality significantly affect brand advocacy among Indonesian millennials. The research methods utilized in this study include path analysis and the use of SMART PLS tools to analyze the hypotheses. The findings of the study support all hypotheses, demonstrating that parasocial relationships and relational quality have a positive and significant impact on brand advocacy among Indonesian millennials, both directly and indirectly. The conclusion underscores the importance of comprehending the role of parasocial relationships and relational quality in promoting brand advocacy in the digital age. This research provides useful insights into the influence of parasocial relationships and relational quality on brand advocacy and contributes to the existing literature on the subject.


FeRAM memory cell having a selection transistor and a ferroelectric memory element for storing data comprising: - a first and a second capacitor electrode (23; 11; 12); - a first ferroelectric region (14) of a first ferroelectric material, which in a first section (A1) between the first and second capacitor electrode (2, 3) and in the first section (A1) a first coercive voltage (V - a second ferroelectric region (5) of a second ferroelectric material, located in a second section (A2) between the first and second capacitor electrode (2, 3; 11, 12) and in the second section (A2) a second coercive (V wherein the first and second ferroelectric region (4) are designed such that the first and second coercive voltage (V


Abstract  Background and aim of study: This study evaluated the long‐term outcome of linear, endocardial, radiofrequency (RF) atrial ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) concomitantly to open‐heart procedures for acquired cardiac organic disease. Methods: A saline‐irrigated "pen‐like" RF ablation catheter (Cardioblate®, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was used to perform endocardial lines of conduction block in 293 patients with AF who underwent open‐heart procedures between September 2000 and February 2008. Results: Patients (age of 65 ± 11 years) underwent left atrial ablation for permanent (44%), paroxysmal (51%), or undetermined (4.4%) AF. Maintenance in sinus rhythm (SR) at discharge and at the end of follow‐up (average 3.3 ± 1.2 years) was observed in 52% and 71% of patients, respectively. Preoperative type or duration of AF did not influence the results (p = NS). Multivariate analysis with a logistic regression model showed left atrial diameter and increasing age were independent predictors of recurrent AF. In this study, return to SR did not influence survival. Conclusions: This study confirmed that concomitant intraoperative RF ablation is an effective technique to restore long‐term SR after cardiac surgery in patients with preoperative AF but does not influence long‐term survival. (J Card Surg 2010;25:608‐613)


Objectives: This study was undertaken to determine if Plantaginis Semen(PS) has a protective effect against induced hepatoxicity in Rats. Methods: The experimental groups were divided into Normal group (untreated Group), Control group , Sample 1 (group treated with 0.1 ml Plantaginis Semen herbal acupuncture in both sides of after treating) and Sample 2 (group treated with feeding of 1 cc Plantaginis Semen extraction after treating). Rats were administered orally for 4 days. In experiments for PS effect, rats of Sample 1 group received 0.lml herbal acupuncture of PS extraction in both sides of corresponding of human body for 3 days after treated . Rats of Sample 2 group feeded PS extraction (1cc) for 3 days after treated . Variation of weight and biochemical assays (AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin) were performed. Results: In Control group, increased serum AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, total protein, albumin and decreased weight, total cholesterol, triglyceride. Sample 1 and Sample 2 significantly decreased serum AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, total protein, albumin as compared with Control group. Conclusion: These results indicate that PS could be used in prevention and treatment of hepatoxicity. However, precise mechanisms of PS protection remain to be determined.


Let p be a prime number with p ≡ 1(mod 2). Throughout this paper, Zp,Qp and Cp will denote the ring of p-adic integers, the field of p-adic rational numbers and the completion of algebraic closure of Qp. The p-adic norm | · |p is normalized as |p|p = 1 p . Let q be an indeterminate in Cp such that |1− q|p < p −1 p−1 . The q-extension of number x be defined as [x]q = 1−qx 1−q . Note that limq→1[x]q = x. Let C(Zp) be the space of continuous functions on Zp. For f ∈ C(Zp), the fermionic p-adic q-integral on Zp is defined by Kim to be


The study of the super neutron monitor data from Calgary and Sulphur Mountain during January 1964 to May 1967 shows the importance of transient changes of intensity occurring over a few hours and its contribution to the daily variation. Trains of enhanced daily variation lasting a few days occur during recovery periods of fast Forbush and gradual decreases. The diurnal hour of maximum for a total of 250 days of enhanced daily variation during the period occurs at 17–18 h LT, which is the same as that for the rest of the period. The semidiurnal hour of maximum is distributed reasonably well over all hours, which points to its origin from transient changes in intensity.


On the basis of 118 solidity coefficients determined (f value) of different coal body structure type coal in the coal seam C_(13-1) of Huainan coal field, the paper analyses the distributive feature and statistical regularity of f value of different coal structure type coal. It shows the mutual relation of coal body breakage and f value, and proposes that f value is regarded as the classification quota of hard coal and tectonic soft coal.


[Objective]To understand the problems in the radiation sanitary management of medical X-ray machines in Daxing District of Beijing after the implementation of the Regulations on the Safety and Protection of Radioisotope and Radiation Devices and the Regulations on Radiation Diagnosis and Treatment.[Methods] On-site investigation was conducted on the current situation of sanitary management in the medical institutions of Daxing District in June and July of 2007.[Results]The eligible rate of X-ray machine room area among the 40 investigated units was only 30.2%;the eligible rate of wall/door/window protection,protection article for the examinees and the staff's certificate were 96.5%,89.5% and 82.0% respectively.[Conclusion] Some problems do exist in the sanitary management in the medical institutions of Daxing;laws and regulations should be implemented and sanitary supervision should be strengthened.


The paper analyzes ACE's role in economic management and scope of application from two aspects: methodology and thinking,summarizes the research status of ACE,and explores the main development trends of this method in the social science research.


It is commonly known that the neo-liberalism version of ongoing globalization is very likely to harmonize and standardize norms, values and finally cultural diversities. This process is said to be condition sine qua non for enhancing global competitiveness. Seen from this viewpoint the thesis of "one world economy", "one world society" and "one world culture" is logical and plausible. The question countries, especially a national economy lacking foundations for global competitiveness are actually facing is how and to which extent the national interest and identity can be conserved by means of pursuing its own globalization strategy. The Berlin Declaration by Kim Dae-Jung (2000) which created a momentum for reflecting on and seeking the national identity and interest of Korea may be understood as a realistic alternative for the globalization of Korea.


Multiple myelomas (MM) is the proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, characterized by the production of monoclonal immunoglobulins that are secreted in the blood and urine. However, in 1 - 5% of cases, the protein is undetectable and defined as non-secretory type of myeloma.
A 36-year-old woman presented with complaints of weakness in both legs so she could not walk. She also felt pain in the head, back, and thighs since one year before. Physical examination showed anemic conjunctiva, gibus as high as T4, hypoesthesia as high as T6 segment. She had anemia (Hb 10.2 g/dL), decreased kidney function (eGFR: 30 mL/min/1.73m2), and multiple lytic lesions in the calvaria, ribs, superior-inferior pubic ramus, and left humeral os in the 1/3 proximal to 1/3 distal. Protein electrophoresis and Bence Jonce protein were negative. There was no hypercalcemia, and bone marrow aspiration showed myelodysplasia syndrome. A thoracolumbar MRI showed an extradural solid mass and the histopathology examination result was plasmacytoma.
Non-secretory MM was defined into two groups, non-producers and multiple non-secretory myeloma patients who produce tumor proteins but cannot be excreted. This patients was categorized as non-producers non-secretory MM because she did not show a protein that can be measured in blood nor urine, but has significant plasma cells in tissue biopsy.
The absence of paraprotein in the blood does not rule out multiple myeloma. Suspicion of multiple myeloma needs to be increased in patients who have symptoms of CRAB (calcium, renal impairment, anemia, bone lytic).


ness coefficients A, C, F, L and M) from VSP seismic traveltime measurements for multiple, horizontallywhich involves the vertical and the horizontal velocilayered, transversely isotropic media. It is based on ty: u, = jL/p, uh = JM/p. On the other hand, the Pthe construction of ray velocity surfaces of elastic wave ray velocity is a complicated function of four wave propagation in terms of five measurement parastiffness coefficients (A, C, F, and L), and cannot meters. A model-iterative optimization scheme is then easily be expressed in simple closed form. It is used to invert the traveltime parameters for the five determined usually through parametric representations stiffness coefficients from the top layer down in a involving the phase velocity, and an exact procedure layer-stripping mode. is described in Byun (1984). Note that the vertical Both synthetic model and field experiments and horizontal P-wave ray velocities are simply v, are performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the &/P, vh = &/P* method. The model experiment shows that inversion Byun et al. (1989) proposed a three-term, errors generally increase with increasing number of truncated Fourier-type expansion of the P-wave ray layers. Despite these errors, the proposed method velocity, as a function of ray angle 0, in the form does provide a quantitative measure of velocity anisotropy as valuable additional information related V2(d) = ai2 t a22 cos2d as* co&, (2) to lithology type and/or degree of stratification. A field VSP data example is also provided to show the for multilayered, transversely isotropic media. They correlation between the anisotropy parameters with showed that, even for highly anisotropic media, this lithology: Chalk and shale exhibited high degrees of three-term approximation to the ray velocity is an anisotropy, and sands showed low degrees of anisoexcellent fit to P-wave ray velocities for a wide tropy. range of ray angles. We now consider a multiple offset VSP


A method for determining a mounter (100) of the mounting condition for the mounter for component (A) mounted to the circuit board (120), said method comprising the steps of: obtaining the operating state parameters; and in the case where the value of the operating state parameter obtained not within a predetermined range, determining mounting conditions so that the value of the operating state parameter falls within the predetermined range.