The morphological changes of bacterial spores during sporogenesis and germination have attracted the interest of many bacterial cytologists. The morphology on spores of Bacillus(1, 2) and Clostridium(3, 4) groups were previously reported by the authors. As Hachisuka(5) has recently reviewed on the numerous electron microscopic investigations of bacterial spores, discrepancies in the behaviors of each cellular component during the formation and germination of spores are discernible probably due to different methods employed for the preparation of ultrathin sections and to species differences. Recently Fitz-James demonstrated the involvement of the cytoplasmic membrane in the earliest step of sporulation of the genus Bacillus(6) and Clostridium pectinovorum(7). Ohye and Murrell(8) also found in Bacillus coagulans that the two forespore membranes developed from the cytoplasmic membrane, and that the cortex was progressively deposited between these membranes. Employing an improved method for fixation and an electron microscope possessing a high resolution, the present paper deals with the origin of the forespore membrane and the further development of the forespore in Bacillus subtilis. The fine structure observed in the germinating spores also will be described.


Women forest owners control a significant share of private forests in Finland, but they are often underrepresented in forest-related surveys. It also seems that women forest owners are less active in performing forestry work or selling wood; however, the information on women forest owners is sparse. The purpose of this study is to deepen understanding of the association between women forest owners' activities and their ownership objectives. The study analyzed a large survey (n=6468) collected as part of the Finnish Forest Owner 2020 research project. Overall, women forest owners were found to be less active in many aspects compared to their men counterparts. With K means clustering, four different clusters of women forest owners with different ownership-objective profiles were identified. Differences in ownership activities between the clusters were compared using Pearson's Chi-Square test. Multi-objective women forest owners were more active than other women owners. Moreover, women forest owners who valued nature and recreation were less active than other women forest owners. This might indicate the lack of service dominant logic in forestry related services. By providing a more detailed understanding of women forest owners, the results aid the design of more equal and inclusive forest policies and forest services.


Mutually orthogonal complementary sets (MOCSs) and Z-complementary code sets (ZCCSs) have many applications in practical scenarios such as synthetic aperture imaging systems and multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems. With the aid of extended Boolean functions (EBFs), in this paper, we first propose a direct construction of MOCSs with flexible lengths, and then propose a new construction of ZCCSs. The proposed MOCSs cover many existing lengths and have non-power-of-two lengths when q = 2. Our presented second construction can generate optimal ZCCSs meeting the set size upper bound. Note that the proposed two constructions are direct without the aid of any special sequence, which is suitable for rapid hardware generation.


We consider steady state and time-dependent flows of chemically reactive polymeric systems in two-dimensional geometries. A numerical simulation tool is proposed for predicting the evolution of the macroscopic velocity, temperature, stress and species concentration fields in such flows. We formulate a general mathematical model on the basis of the first principles of continuum mechanics, which includes a description of the non-linear coupling between kinematics, heat transfer and chemical kinetics. The resulting set of non-linear partial differential equations is solved numerically by means of appropriate finite element techniques. We have implemented the resulting numerical model in the general-purpose POLYFLOW(R) software developed in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Simulation results for various steady state and time-dependent reactive flows are reported.


We propose a general algorithmic approach to noncommutative operator algebras generated by linear operators. Ore algebras are a well-established tool covering many cases arising in applications. However, integro-differential operators, for example, do not fit this structure. Instead of using (parametrized) Gröbner bases in noncommutative polynomial algebras as has been used so far in the literature, we use Bergman's basis-free analog in tensor algebras. This allows for a finite reduction system with unique normal forms. To have a smaller reduction system, we develop a generalization of Bergman's setting, which also makes the algorithmic verification of the confluence criterion more efficient. We provide an implementation in Mathematica and we illustrate both versions of the tensor setting using integro-differential operators as an example.


The problem of identifying the active contrasts in an unreplicated fractional factorial design is approached from a hypothesis-testing point of view. The null hypothesis that all contrasts are inactive is first tested and, if rejected, the active contrasts causing rejection are identified and estimated. The method is illustrated with examples from Box and Meyer, compared with the confidence-interval approach of Dong and Lenth, and found to be a worthy competitor.


With deepening of mining operations to 1200-1600 meters, the drainage schemes may increase till 5–6 steps. Consequently, the analysis and substantiation of rational height of steps in such schemes becomes important, especially in conditions of watered deposits, in development of which the electricity consumption for pumping may reach half of its total consumption through the mine or pit.


The EGI Federated Cloud is a standards-based, open cloud system as well as its enabling technologies that federates institutional clouds to offer a scalable computing platform for data and/or compute driven applications and services. The EGI Federated Cloud is based on open standards and open source Cloud Management Frameworks and offers to its users IaaS, PaaS and SaaS capabilities and interfaces tuned towards the needs of users in research and education. The federation enables scientific data, workloads, simulations and services to span across multiple administrative locations, allowing researchers and educators to access and exploit the distributed resources as an integrated system. The EGI Federated Cloud collaboration established a user support model and a training infrastructure to raise visibility of this service within European scientific communities with the overarching goal to increase adoption and, ultimately increase the usage of e-infrastructures for the benefit of the whole European Research Area. The paper describes this scalable user support and training infrastructure models. The training infrastructure is built on top of the production sites to reduce costs and increase its sustainability. Appropriate design solutions were implemented to reduce the security risks due to the cohabitation of production and training resources on the same sites. The EGI Federated Cloud educational program foresees different kind of training events from basic tutorials to spread the knowledge of this new infrastructure to events devoted to specific scientific disciplines teaching how to use tools already integrated in the infrastructure with the assistance of experts identified in the EGI community. The main success metric of this educational program is the number of researchers willing to try the Federated Cloud, which are steered into the EGI world by the EGI Federated Cloud Support Team through a formal process that brings them from the initial tests to fully exploit the production resources.


This paper summarizes the development, characteristics and innovations of electrical discharge machining (EDM), wire EDM (WEDM) and (ECM) in China.


Due to the efforts in the last two decades, control schemes for transaction processing have been the focal point of extreme vital research activities. A large number of algorithms has been successfully implemented in experimental prototypes and commercial systems. However, the increasing demand in transaction throughput level and the advent of multiprocessor systems call for more efficient algorithms which can take full advantage offered by multiprocessor systems. Furthermore there lacks a single algorithm that can give rise to superior performance in all computing environments and that can maintain the desirable properties in both the locking-based schemes and OCC-based schemes.
The goal of this thesis is to propose efficient transaction processing schemes for multiprocessor based transaction processing system which can meet the future demands. This leads to our design of a multi-phase control, called 2-PICC (Two Phased Integrated Concurrency Control), that combines the advantages of both optimistic and locking approaches: an optimistic phase to maximize the degree of concurrency and provide fast response time and, if necessary, a locking phase to limit the number of restarts and prevent transaction starvation. The optimistic phase of 2-PICC has the novel features of permitting transactions to commit dynamically, independent of the chronological order in data access times, and of ensuring dead-lock-freedom for re-executions. The properties of serializability and dead-lock-freedom for 2-PICC are established through mathematical proofs. Most significantly, we have demonstrated conclusively through a formal proof that 2-PICC is an optimal concurrency control method. This claim is further substantiated through analytical performance study comparing 2-PICC with other algorithms under various computing environments. In addition, we also examine the crash recovery issues related to 2-PICC. We show that 2-PICC is free of abort propagation and that all the key data structures are recoverable. We also extend 2-PICC to geographically distributed systems and present the design of a VLSI chip to support the correct operations of 2-PICC in geographically distributed environments.


Based on analyzing the theory of Particle filtering,a novel modified Gaussian Particle Filtering is proposed in this paper.In the new filter,a deterministic sampling filtering is used to fulfil the time update instead of random sampling mode;Furthermore,deterministic sampling filtering is modified by using a robust statistical method to make it robust for heavy-tail noise,and the result of the robust deterministic sampling filtering is adopted as the proposal distribution.The modified Gaussian particle filter is used in the relative navigation filter design for RVD,and the simulation results show the efficiency of the new method.The results in this paper are the valuable reference for practical application of particle filtering in space navigation field.


ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to determine the differentials in the prevalence and risk factors of marital dissolution in poorly developed (i.e., empowered action group [EAG]) and better developed (i.e., non-empowered action group [non-EAG]) states in India. Data from the India Human Development Surveys (IHDS) Round 2, conducted in 2011 and 2012 in India, are used for the study. Multiple logistic regression analysis has been carried out. Higher education is related to elevated risks of marital dissolution in EAG states, whereas an inverse relationship is observed in non-EAG states. For EAG and non-EAG states, staying with one's parents and staying alone without a parent after marriage, working, and residing in urban areas significantly increase the risk of marital disruption for women. Lower marital dissolution risk is observed among women who have at least 1 child in both EAG and non-EAG states.


The directional coupler based on the GaAs/GaAlAs optical strip waveguide is analyzed using three dimensional beam propagation method based on the series expansion method (3D SEM BPM).The even and odd modes supported by this coupler are obtained,respectively,and the coupling length exponentially increases with the increasing of the waveguide separation.The simulation results for the injected field through the present device are also gotten,and the excitation selected as the fundamental mode supported by the single optical strip waveguide at left channel is transferred into the right channel after propagatiny 2 62mm,thus the cross state is obtained.The 3D SEM BPM reduces the basic BPM equation to the first order normal differential equation system.Consequently,the computational program is simple.Moreover,the calculation is efficient due to the small matrix derived from the present method.In dealing with the boundary conditions,a tangent type function is applied to map the infinite space into a unit square.As a result,the boundary truncation is eliminated.


The recent developments in computational intelligence has enhances the applicability of empirical modelling in different areas particularly in the area of machine learning. These new approaches are based on analysing the data about a system, in particular finding connections between the system state variables (input, internal and output variables) without having precise knowledge about the physical behaviour of the system. These data driven methods explain advances on conventional empirical modelling and include contributions from many overlapping fields like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Computational Intelligence (CI), Soft Computing (SC), Machine Learning (ML), Intelligent Data Analysis (IDA), and Data Mining (DM). The most popular computational intelligence techniques used in process modelling of steel industry includes neural networks, fuzzy rule-based systems, genetic algorithms as well as approaches to model integration. This chapter describes mainly the application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in steel industry. ANN has extensively used in improving and controlling different processes of steel industry like steel making, casting and rolling which lead to indirect energy savings through reduced product rejects, improved productivity and reduced down time. The efficiency of artificial neural network tool in handling steel plant processes has been discussed in detail. ANN based models are found to be very potential to handle very complex, dynamic and non-linear problems.


Amery Carriere designs jewelry that is both romantic and edgy at the same time – The Beckman's Handcrafted Show L.A., July 25-31, 2012


Presented work is dedicated to concise history of emigration of Czech and Slovenian citizens to the USA after World War II. Thesis is focused on historical and political situation in Slovenia and in Czech Lands after the year of 1945 and 1948. Main point of this work was to clarify causes of emigration, describe the target countries for emigrants and to explain any relations with the native countries and further cultural life abroad the native countries.


This dissertation examines the consequences of introducing a computer-based
decision support system into corporate loan risk assessment within a major UK retail
bank. The findings are based upon a longitudinal case study conducted between
1993-1996 using an interpretive methodology.
It is suggested that information and communication technologies highlight and
accentuate some of the most important characteristics of the era in which we live.
Organizations need to think beyond the formal-rational logic that dominates the
management literature if they are to appreciate the complex, and sometimes
contradictory, consequences that are likely to emerge when computer-based
technologies interact with their context.
Decision support tools, based on historical data and quantitative models, only present
a partial view of organizational data. It is proposed that a hermeneutically-informed,
interpretive approach is a useful way of understanding this and reveals important
considerations with regard to the design, development, implementation and use of
these technologies.
Drawing on the case study and this interpretive approach, the thesis considers the
formulation of strategy in practice. The strategic use of the Lending Advisor decision
support system is then considered against the novel theoretical 'backcloth' of Ulrich
Beck's risk society thesis. The theoretical context of a hermeneutically-informed risk
society enables a re-conceptualisation of middle management which contributes to our
understanding of the impact of technologies like Lending Advisor and their role in the
transformation of modernity.


This article explores the fundamentally political nature of cap and trade resource management policies. It disaggregates these policies into their three main processes (capping, allocation, and trading) and outlines the distinctive distributive conflicts characteristic of each. The Murray-Darling Cap on Diversions in southeastern Australia serves as a detailed case study used to highlight these conflicts, and evidence drawn from other cap and trade programs around the world supports these observations. Recognizing the politics of cap and trade policies helps to explain why these programs do not always follow economic models and clarifies the roles of governments and stakeholders in program design and


PHLEGMASIA cerulea dolens, aptly termed "gangrene of venous origin," is a relatively infrequent condition, only 200 cases having been described up to the present time.1It is the most severe form of venous thrombotic disease. The extreme gravity of this disease can be deduced from the frequent development of shock, gangrene, and pulmonary embolism, often resulting in death. In a recent survey of the literature, it was found that 31.9% of the patients died, gangrene developed in 31.9% of the survivors, and 41.6% of those who recovered had post-thrombotic syndrome.2The post-thrombotic syndrome consisted of pain and swelling of the involved limb on standing for a prolonged period. We used a form of treatment, intravenously administered dextran 75, which we believe has not been previously reported as a treatment of this disease. The improvement was so prompt and decisive, that we believe it should be tried before more


DWDM have emerged in today"s optical networks due to usage of Hybrid Optical Amplifier. The performance of DWDM system is enhanced throgh Hybrid Optical Amplifier. In this review paper several hybrid optical amplifiers have been discussed that are suitable for the low-cost, high performance applications of DWDM systems. Their advantages can be integrated to improve the performance of all optical networks. Different combination of Hybrid optical amplifiers(HOAs) can be exploited to provide the benefits as well as reduction of existing drawbacks of individual amplifier.


Background: Observational studies in humans suggest an association between vitamin D deficiency and many rheumatologic disorders. Pathophysiological investigations confirm that severe hypovitaminosis D, in genetically predisposed subjects, can impair self tolerance and immune responses by compromising the regulation of dendrite cells, regulatory Tlymphocytes, Th1 cells and B cell function. Objectives: The aim of our work was to assess Vit D level in patients with RA, SLE and Behcet's disease and to evaluate its relation to various parameters of the disease and its activity. Results: Ninety patients (20 RA, 54 SLE and 16 Behcet's disease) were included in this work. They were 42 (46.7%) males and 48 (53.3%) females, their age ranged from 20-50 years in males, and 20-45 years in females with mean (44.4±2.4) years. Twenty apparently healthy person, age and sex matched to the patients were included as a control group. Comparison between the groups of SLE patients, RA patients and controls as regards titer of auto antibodies (LA, RO, SM, anti-DNA, ANA) showed statistically significant differences between SLE patients and both RA patients and controls (p<0.001). Vitamin D level was found to be lower than normal in all patients groups. It was lower in RA patients 7.62±1.58 than in SLE 12.81±1.92 and in Behcet's disease 13.68±1.99, comparing vitamin D level in patients and controls showed that it was significantly lower in patients group than controls (p<0.001).Vitamin D level showed a significant negative correlation with various markers of disease activities of the studied groups, where p value was <0.001 with DAS28 in RA patients and with SLEDIA in SLE patients while it was 0.009 with BDCAF in Behcet's disease. Conclusion: The current study stressed the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases including RA, SLE and Behcet's disease. Correlation between this defiecincy and indices of disease activity suggest the major role of vitamin D in modulation of immunological etiopathogenesis of these diseases. [Egypt J Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, 2015; 3(2): 111-120]


Several papers (l-3) have been published recently on the subject of the amino nitrogen of human blood plasma as determined by Hamilton and Van Slyke's ninhydrin method (1). The values reported for the blood plasma filtrates of persons in the postabsorptive state vary from 3.35 to 5.00 (l), 2.3 to 7.3 (2), and 3.37 to 4.97 (3) mg. of amino nitrogen per 100 ml. of plasma. It has also been reported (3, 4) that significant differences of the amino nitrogen level are found when samples are taken from the same person on different days. The above reports do not show whether each individual develops his own average amino nitrogen level or passes through the full range of observed values. Only a large number of analyses carried out on blood samples from a large number of persons can absolutely answer this question. However, the results of a limited number of analyses can be dealt with by means of statistical techniques. We have, therefore, endeavored to follow the fluctuations of the amino nitrogen contents of human blood plasma by Van Slyke's ninhydrin technique for periods of more than 3 months. The blood samples were taken during the summer and autumn months of 1944 from two distinctly different groups of people: (1) presumably healthy individuals (two men and three women) of ages between 21 and 38 years; (2) a group of twelve males, mental patients, physically well, of ages between 29 and 77 years, who were under strict dietary control for well over 1 year as participants in a nutritional project being conducted at Elgin. Differences due to environment or working conditions can, therefore, be minimized as factors affecting the data reported below.


Asymmetric dense membrane of CaTiO3 type perovskit
had been prepared from CaTiO3 perovskit oxide without crack.
Preparation of asymmetric dense membrane CaTiO3 consist of
synthesized of CaTiO3 perovskite oxide, phase inversionimmersion
method which polyetherimide (PEI) as polymer binder
and sintering technique. The final membrane morphology
depended by sintering temperature. Sintering temperature was
used 890°C, 1100°C, 1200°C. Crystal phase of CaTiO3
characterized with X-Ray Difraction (XRD) approach with
International Center Difraction Data. standart. Scanning
Electron Microscope (SEM) photo showed that asymmetric dense
membrane has been formed with pores structure finger-like. The
mechanical properties was tested by Thermomechanical Analyzer
(TMA) and Micro Vickers Hardness. Thermal expansion
coeficient of membranes are 10,82 and 12,78×10-6 C-1. Hardness
of membrane ranged from 3,5-25,8 Hv. Sintering tempature
membrane 1200°C produce strong membrane without crack and
has thermal expansion coeficient of 12.78×10-6 C-1 and 19,4 to
25,8 Hv for hardness values. The higher sintering temperature of
the membrane results the higher the density and hardness., the
lower porosity.


Zastiin Nogoodoi: Tribal Zakhchin Music of Western Mongolia is the third CD to be produced as part of a music preservation project, researched, performed and produced by Zakhchin vocalist Otgonbayar Chuluunbaatar. This CD, and the wider musical project of which it is a part, is indicative of the postcommunist cultural and musical revival occurring among ethnic groups in western Mongolia. It is good to see such a CD being released that can inform the wider musical and scholarly community of these cultural heritage efforts. As written in the CD liner notes, the Zakhchin people form an ethnic group of approximately 25,000 people who live in the Altai Mountain range in the west of Mongolia. The notes detail the motivations for the music project: the increased migration from herder livelihood to a sedentary life in the city and the influx of 'new media' attributed as the reasons for the decline of song transmission and the resulting need for recordings to be made. Otgonbayar has travelled across the Zakhchin homelands in order to learn Zakhchin songs and melodies. What you encounter on the CD are songs not recorded in these homelands, but studio recordings of Zakhchin songs performed by Otgonbayar herself, in some accompanied by Wolfgang Hofer on the topshuur (two stringed lute) and guitar. This CD is comprised of genres sung by both men and women, omitting the epic songs and magtaal praise songs, usually performed only by men. In doing so, this recording largely provides an exploration of bogino duu or short songs. Bogino duu are songs performed in informal situations, where song texts are improvised and are used to express a wide range of thoughts and opinions about everyday life. They come in several forms, including urtavtar duu, or extended bogino duu (Track 23). Included in the track selection are shog duu, a type of short song that is used as a public form of social commentary or criticism of everyday events. It is great to see a collection of such informal songs that reflect and detail Zakhchin everyday social interactions. Although there are some lyrics translated and included in the liner notes, more detailed translations would have enhanced the listener's understanding of what is a


Calcium oxide is the main material of calcium carbide producing. The quality of calcium oxide influences not only the quality of calcium carbide product,but also specially calcium carbonate in calcium oxide obviously influences power consumption in production. Through the analysis of the CaCO 3 and CaO ratio and the date of power consumption,we found that the factors influencing power consumption and the different factors are very complicated. The ratio of CaCO 3 and CaO increase 1 %,power consumption increase practically from 15 kWh/t to 30 kWh/t.However,the from 20 kWh/t to 30 kWh/t consumption is more match physically.


Abstract Species composition and zonation patterns at 12 hard-bottom localities are described and figured. A total of 212 marine species was identified, 135 animals and 77 algae. All species, even those not discussed, are enumerated in an appendix with information on their vertical distribution at each station. The number of algal species was about equal in Seno Reloncavi and Ancud, whereas the number of animal species was lower in Ancud and very low in the brackish fjord Estero Reloncavi. Several very common species in Seno Reloncavi were not found in Ancud and vice versa. Some species had a somewhat higher relative upper limit in Ancud. These differences are probably mainly due to differences in exposure and substrate, rocks in Ancud and boulders and stones in sand in Seno Reloncavi. The general zonation follows the universal pattern with an infralittoral fringe lowest down, above which is a littoral region with sub-zones, and upmost a supralittoral region. Based on the common species, which characteriz...


This paper examines the problem of monitoring long-term voltage instability from a phasor measurement units installed at any transmission bus. It is shown that the well-known impedance matching condition on a radially connected load bus, as well as the local identification of voltage emergency situations (LIVES) method based on load tap changing transformers can be generalized into a New LIVES Index suitable for any transmission bus feeding a weak area of a system. Results on an IEEE voltage stability test system validate the dependability and security of the new index for the early detection of voltage instability. Moving average, as well as a new filtering method based on short-time Fourier transform are employed to reduce the effect of noise and short-term transients.


In recent years, the development of mica paper capacitor (MPC) technology has dramatically improved the withstand voltage and energy storage density of capacitors, which is suitable for pulse power systems. The lifetime of capacitors is a key factor that ensures the reliability of a system. In this article, the investigation of the lifetime characteristics of MPCs under microsecond pulse is presented. The structure of an MPC is analysed, and two numerical simulations are performed to study its characteristics. A lifetime test platform is established to test MPCs, which has stable operation performance. Essential electrical degradation parameters of MPCs are obtained and analyzed. The operational factors that influence the lifetime of MPCs are analysed, and a lifetime empirical model under given operational factors is proposed based on the lifetime test results. The results suggest that the lifetime empirical model could match well with lifetime test results. Furthermore, the structure of a pulse forming network (PFN)-Marx is analyzed by the lifetime model, and constructive suggestions are proposed. This article is devoted to studying the characteristics of MPCs and analyzing the lifetime under various operational factors, which finally helps the device to specify operating conditions and ensure reliability.


Informal financial markets, those which are not regulated or monitored by the banking authorities, account for much of business credit in developing countries.' These unregulated, informal credit markets (ICM) are important both in their own right, as part of each country's financial system, and because of their reciprocal relations with growing enterprises and the regulated financial sector. In order to study the operations of some of these markets in detail, in urban commercial settings, we conducted an extended survey of some of the informal credit markets of India.2 Based, in some cases, on centuries of operation, these markets proved to be important in the functioning of the contemporary economy. "Indigenous-style bankers," belonging to particular ethnic communities and castes, formerly provided the full range of banking services to their clients.3 With the rise of modern, Western-style banking the indigenous bankers either have transformed themselves to serve sectors, such as wholesale trade, not well served by the modern sector or provide services which the modern bankers cannot provide. Though any estimate is very approximate, it seems that informal credit markets account for as much as 20% of commercial credit outstanding in the various markets surveyed. We began by surveying the Gujeratis, some of whom still practice their traditional form of full-service banking in their homeland of Gujerat and adjoining Bombay, the Shikarpuris or Multanis (originally full-service bankers in Sind, who now provide commercial credit in various other centers), the Chettiars in South India, the Rastogis in Uttar Pradesh, and the Marwaris, especially in Eastern India.4 But our surveys revealed that a wide range of ethnic groups were now involved in informal credit markets, and the more meaningful differentiations


Abstract : The mechanical and chemical properties of thin films depend at least in part on their microstructure. A structure zone model common to all vapor deposition methods has been developed to classify the various physical microstructures found.


The high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTR) is developing rapidly toward a modular, compact, and integral direction. As the main structure material, graphite plays a very important role in HTR engineering, and the reliability of graphite component has a close relationship with the integrity of reactor core. The graphite components are subjected to high temperature and fast neutron irradiation simultaneously during normal operation of the reactor. With the stress accumulation induced by high temperature and irradiation, the failure risk of graphite components increases constantly. Therefore it is necessary to study and simulate the mechanical behavior of graphite component under in-core working conditions and forecast the internal stress accumulation history and the variation of reliability. The work of this paper focuses on the mechanical analysis of pebble-bed type HTR's graphite brick. The analysis process is comprised of two procedures, stress analysis and reliability analysis. Three different creep models and two different reliability models are reviewed and taken into account in simulation. The stress and failure probability calculation results are obtained and discussed. The results gained with various models are highly consistent, and the discrepancies are acceptable.


ix Abstract Clothing manufacturing is an activity that takes place in Portugal for several decades. Several clothing brands with worldwide recognition are of Portuguese origin. To achieve quality, it is necessary to innovate and automate certain processes, in order to increase productivity and reduce errors due to labor intensive tasks. In the Portuguese company Henrique Camões, which has extensive experience in the design of textile manufacturing equipment, an idea was born to design a prototype of an automated equipment for the manufacture of collars and cuffs, in order to verify its functional viability. This study was thus based on the need to design a machine able to sew and cut collars and cuffs, to be applied on clothing. Initially, a previous survey study for similar purpose existing equipment was performed. Then, it was necessary to devise an equipment able to meet the expectations and requirements of the client. After the initial sketches, in which the types of mechanisms and the desired functions of the different systems were defined as a function of the intended movements and actions and the equipment structure, these systems have been optimized to obtain a functional unit as the final result. The pneumatic scheme and Grafcet of operation of the equipment were also designed. As auxiliary of the project, the list of components and manufacturing processes, as well as detailed plans of all integral components of the structure, were presented. The end result is a set of possible ideas and solutions to apply in equipments of this type. In fact, the proposed solution is a viable possibility for an automated equipment for sewing and cutting collars and cuffs.


In this paper,we mainly discussed the distribution of two-dimensional continuous random variable four operation through the relation between distribution function and probability density function,and then researched the method of finding the function distribution of common two-dimensional continuous random variables.


Studies on the occurrence of pathogenic root-infecting fungi in different crop sequences in South Finland revealed Microdochium bolleyi (Sprague) de Hoog & Hermanides-Nijhof on roots and stem bases of barley and wheat. The fungus was usually isolated together with the major pathogens Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) v. Arx & Oliver, Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem. and Fusarium species (...)


The invention discloses a low-wind-speed wind turbine blade which is a skewed blade. A stacking line of the blade meets a specific curvilinear equation. The low-wind-speed wind turbine blade is large in output power and high in wind energy utilization rate.


Mn/sub 2/(CO)/sub 12/ is photolyzed at 350, 248, and 193 nm in the gas phase. Excitation of the sigma* state produces Mn/sub 2/(CO)..integral.. and Mn(CO)/sub 5/ fragments, indicating that this state is responsible for both metal-metal bond homolysis as well as ligand loss. Excitation of the ..pi..* state at 248 and 193 nm leads to ligand loss with no evidence of metal-metal bond homolysis.


The paper suggests analysis of the studies which substantiate the structural components of forming teenage students' skills in school and out-of-school practice of artistic education. The author determined the peculiarities of the componental structure of forming processes related to the skills of the image formation, namely: creative self-manifestation, visual activity, creative skills, creativity as a general creative ability. It was noted that when comprehending the componental structure of developing image formation skills, one should focus attention on the facets of artistic activity as the reflection of individual's own "Self" through artistic images and their interpretation. The paper underlines the relevance of the sequential deployment of components of musical education content in the educational process, which includes musical experience, musical literacy, musical and creative development. The article also provides a summary concerning modeling of the creative process, the key to which is the artistic conception as a prototype of the "product" of the image and the result of individual's artistic and figurative thinking. The emphasis is on the value-orientation component that regulates the needs and motivational effects of teenagers, the ability to understand and appreciate art. It is found that there is an interrelation between structural components of creativity (associative thinking, creative imagination, artistic observation, artistic self-manifestation) and formation of skills of the image creation. The author reveals the basic directions of the process of forming junior teenagers' image-formation skills. The first of these is related to the operational processes of thinking, in particular, artistic thinking (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, etc.), which involves generating in the minds the images taken from the previously acquired experience of teenagers, the emergence of associations, ideas based on cultural erudition and the availability of basic artistic thesaurus. The second one involves the ability to draw parallels between artistic images of different types of art and reality by synthesizing new images. It is the skills to interpret the imagery of artistic works in the process of art-integrated activity which is also extremely important for the implementation of the educational process. The third direction depends directly on the emotional and sensory perception and interpretation of artistic images. Realization of this direction involves artistic and figurative comprehension of an artistic work and revealing a personal attitude toward it. Therefore, emotional sensual and intellectual process of image formation is caused by value judgments (ethical, aesthetic, spiritual). The fourth direction is realized through forming in younger teens the ability to apply various image formation means and is characterized by a multivariability of the methods of artistic and creative self-manifestation. On the basis of the analyzed studies, the structural components of the process of forming junior teenagers' skills in the music lessons were determined, in particular: figurative and operational, figurative and synthesizing, emotional and value-oriented, productive and activity-based. It was noted that these components have their own structure and logic of construction, they are characterized by internal unity and relative autonomy.


The utility model discloses a high power dynamic cutting unit, which substantially solves the problems in the prior art that a cutting unit can not frequently act, and is not high in safety and reliability. The high power dynamic cutting unit comprises a shell, and further comprises a current signal zero sampling circuit, a control unit and a high power electric power module which are arranged in the shell and are orderly connected, an input end of the control unit is connected with a controller, and an output end of the high power electric power module is connected with a load electric power capacitor. The high power dynamic cutting unit can achieve the purpose of frequent cutting operation, safety and reliability, and has high practical value and popularization value.


Learning from export experience can reduce a firm's sunk costs related to entry into new trade relationships( exporting new products and entering new export markets) and facilitates its export expansion. Based on the firm-product-destination level data of China Customs from 2000 to 2005,this paper uses a linear probability model to test the promoting mechanism of export experience in the export expansion of firms. The results suggest that export experience of their own and others' have an inverted U-shaped effect on firms' export expansion,and that there is structural difference in the effect according to business ownership and trade regime.


This study examines the compel of the capital market on economic growth of Bangladesh between 2002 and 2012. The Data has been collected from Security Exchange Commission reports, Dhaka Stock Exchange Review Reports, and Central Bank of Bangladesh Statistical Bulletin respectively. From this study, we are able to know the different roles and functions played by the capital market. Moreover, this study showed the trends of some capital market exogenous variables like market capitalization, the all market share index, market value of transaction, number of deal and inflation over the last ten years. Ordinary lease square method of log-linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The result shows that the capital market has significantly impacted on the GDP. It is concluded that capital market in Bangladesh has the potential of growth inducing. The study recommends that the government should restore confidence to the market through regulatory authorities by ensuring transparency, fair trading transactions and improve the market capitalization by encouraging more foreign investors to participate in the market and also to increase investment instruments such as derivatives, convertibles, swap and option in the market.


Previous Speech Act(SA) is considered as an important feature in speech act classification.However,how to effectively use previous SA is a critical challenge because it's unknown on test corpus.This paper illustrates that both the level of previous SA and the sequence of running SA classifiers have significant impact on classification effect,and thus proposes a multi-phase and hierarchical based approach which will suggest a good level of previous SA and a good order of running classifiers.Results on blind test corpus demonstrate that the parameters selected by our approach could steadily increase the classification accuracy for each category.


This study assessed V5+ concentration and V5+ to V4+ ratio effects on the H2S absorption and oxidation to elemental sulfur from H2S gas streams in simulated Stretford solutions. Laboratory-derived ...


Ever since the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in layered copper oxides, interest in materials exhibiting two-dimensional crystal structures related to perovskites (AMX3) has greatly increased. This review deals with crystal structures of various phases derived from perovskite with mixed stacking of [AX3] and [AnXm](n+m⩽4) layers. Based on their structural relationships with the perovskite-related hexagonal polytypes, the possibility of forming compounds adopting new structure types derived from mixed stacking of various layers will be discussed. In addition, this review will also highlight the similarities between the perovskite structure and the structures of phases as varied as vanadates, phosphates etc., in which part of the structure is made up of cations present in a tetrahedral environment.


The compatibility and reactivity between electrode materials and electrolytes is important to design safe batteries. As cathode material with guaranteed performance, the knowledge of thermal stability of the reactivity between Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) and carbonate‐based electrolyte are still limited. Therefore, the electrochemical performance of NVP as a positive electrode material for sodium‐ion batteries was tested at room temperature using coin cells with six conventional electrolytes. The results show that the charge‐discharge performance of cells with different electrolytes can be ranked as cells with NaPF6 ≈ NaTFSI > NaClO4 based electrolytes. Moreover, the thermal reactivity of six kinds of electrolytes, charged NVP and their mixture was studied using accelerating rate calorimetry under elevated temperature. Thermal behaviors of NVP electrode system at elevated temperature under the condition of abundant electrolyte or electrode were clearly identified. Among the six electrolytes, the thermal stability of NVP in NaTFSI‐based electrolyte was the best when more electrolyte was used, while that NaClO4 based electrolyte the best when less electrolyte was used. These results provide a basis for sodium‐ion batteries using NVP as a cathode from the perspective of safety.


A gmC-filter in 120nm CMOS with a digital programmable gain and cut-off-frequency is presented. For this application a technique to enhance the linearity of a fully differential operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is proposed. A filter of 3rd order with a cut-off-frequency between 235MHz and 285 MHz and a gain between 0dB and 5dB is implemented. The third harmonic distortion of this filter is -43dB for a 400mV peak-to-peak differential output signal for minimum gain and -48dB for maximum gain


Coffee corky-root disease, also called corchosis, was first detected in 1974 in a small area of Costa Rica where the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arabicida is the dominant species. An epidemiological study revealed a constant association between Meloidogyne spp. and Fusarium sp. in cases of corky root. No corky root appears to have been reported in association with Meloidogyne exigua, which is the prevalent root-knot nematode on coffee in Costa Rica. Fusarium spp. are often cited as components of disease complexes in association with nematodes. Combined inoculations using M. arabicida or M. exigua with Fusarium oxysporum under controlled conditions showed that only the combination with M. arabicida produced corky-root symptoms on Coffea arabica cvs Caturra or Catuai. Fusarium oxysporum alone was nonpathogenic. Meloidogyne exigua or M. arabicida alone caused galls and reduction in shoot height, but no corky-root symptoms. When cultivars susceptible and resistant to M. arabicida were studied under field conditions for 5 years, all the susceptible cultivars exhibited corky-root symptoms on 40–80% of their root systems. Cultivars that were resistant to M. arabicida but not to M. exigua showed no corky root. These observations lead to the conclusion that corky-root disease has a complex etiology, and emphasize the dominant role of M. arabicida as a predisposing agent to subsequent invasion by F. oxysporum. Consequently, genetic resistance to M. arabicida appears to provide an effective strategy against the disease.


M O N T R E A L — There is a disconnect in communications between physicians and parents of children with asthma, according to an analysis of data from a new global asthma survey. Parents and physicians disagree on the amount of time dedicated to asthma education in the office; who initiates discussion about medication side effects; and the level of compliance with asthma medications. The North American pediatric findings of the Global Asthma Physician and Patient (GAPP) study also confirm what most physicians already know: Asthma medication compliance is low; patients with poor compliance experience more symptoms; and side effects lead patients to switch or drop medications. The authors conclude that patient compliance and outcomes could be enhanced through better physician-patient communications and asthma education, and the availability of new treatment options with lower side-effect profiles, Dr. Ronald Dahl of Aarhus (Denmark) University Hospital, and his associates on the GAPP Survey Working Group reported in a poster at the Seventh International Congress on Pediatric Pulmonology. The GAPP survey is the firstever global quantitative survey to uncover asthma attitudes and treatment practices among patients and physicians. The survey was conducted between May and August 2005 in 16 countries and included a total of 5,482 online and telephone interviews with


Objective:To assess the diagnostic value of multil-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in lateral ventral syndrome.Methods:115 patients with clinically diagnosed lateral ventral syndrome all received MSCT and multi-planar reconstruction (MPR).The hernial sac,hernial neck and hernial content were reviewed and measured,and correlated with the findings in operation.Results:In the 115 cases,incisional hernia consisted of 55 cases,hernia of linea alba 3 cases,umbilical hernia 1 case,inguinal hernia(direct hernia and indirect hernia) 44 cases,stoma hernia of abdominal wall 5 cases,and traumatic lateral ventral syndrome 7 cases.As to the anteroposterior diameter of hernial sac,less than 5cm was found in 60 cases,between 6cm to 10cm in 42 cases,and longer than 10cm in 13 cases.Hernial contents were omentum,intestine and adjacent organs according to the size of hernial sac.Conclusion:MSCT is a very effective method of examination,it can display the location,form and size of lateral ventral syndrome clearly,so it can offer significant evidence for clinical diagnosis and selecting project of operation.


HIV can be spread when the body fluids (blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or breast milk) of an infected person enter another's body. In adults, the virus is most often spread through sexual contact or by sharing needles. Most children who are infected get the virus from their infected mothers during pregnancy, at the time of birth, or through breastfeeding. With the current screening guidelines, spread through blood transfusion is rare.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the proportion of cattle, whose sera gave positive reactions in a commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for bovine Johne's disease, that were confirmed infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis by histology and culture of tissues.

PROCEDURE
Dairy cattle (n = 493) from the Echuca district of Victoria, whose sera were positive in the ELISA, were slaughtered at an abattoir where standard specimens were collected for histology and culture. Only if samples were histologically negative were further samples submitted for culture.

RESULTS
The proportion of cattle in which infection was confirmed increased from 70.4% in 1996 to 89.4% in 2001 giving an overall confirmation rate of 79.9%. This was mainly because more reactors were confirmed by culture each year, the proportion increasing from 0% in 1997 to 27.5% in 2000 but decreasing to 16.7% in 2001. If all unconfirmed reactors were presumed to be uninfected, the minimum specificity of the ELISA was 99.62%. There were no significant differences between the age groups in the proportion confirmed infected.

CONCLUSION
Confirmation rates and specificity of the ELISA were high when used in a typical JD-infected Victorian dairy cattle population. Imperfect sensitivity of histology and culture and the selection of reactors which favoured more false positives, means the estimates were probably conservative. Confirmation rates were not affected by age of ELISA reactor.


Adaptive control systems which improve their own performance, using information contained in their past input, output and environmental feedback signals, undergo a learning process. Consequently, a learning or self-organizing control system is defined as one which demonstrates both adaptive and memory capabilities. This paper attempts to describe the present position (as of August 1972) of learning control applications, and to give a brief account of the types of control systems that have arisen through the use of such techniques.


China is an earthquake-prone country with great loss of earthquake disasters.In the field of earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation,the advanced technology and methods are urgently adopted to promote its development.Now the technology of the Remote Sensing,Geographical Information System and Global Position System develops rapidly.3S technology as a key technique of spatial information science has been widely applied in earthquake prevention and disaster reduction.In the paper,the function of spatial information technology in earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation is expatiated.And the prospect of application of the spatial information technology in earthquake prevention and disaster reduction is given as well.


PURPOSE: To obtain filament yarns capable of giving hand and touch equal to silk, by combining and entangling two types of ultra-fine polyester filament groups having specific properties and different shrinkages in boiling water. CONSTITUTION: A filament group (A) is combined and entangled with filament group (B) to give the total denier of 30d or more. The filaments in the froup (A) have a finess per filament of 0.9d or less and a stractural integrity parameter0.025≤e0.2<0 defined by formula I: (l 0 is the length of a specimen 10cm long when a weight of 0.2g/d is applied to its one end; l 1 is the length after immersing the specimen under the load in boiling water for 2 min, taking out of the boiling water, and cooling), and an orientation degree in the amorphous region (fa) of 30 W 70% defined by the formula II: (Δn is the birefringence; f is the degree of crystal orientation; X ρ is the degree of crystallinity), and a low shrinkage in boiling water. The filaments in the group (B) have a fineness per filament of 0.9 de or less and a shrinkage in boiling water of 5% or more higher than that of filaments in the group (A). COPYRIGHT: (C)1979,JPO&Japio


Career education or guidance programs vary in their nature and purpose; each operates in a different context, time and space. Through the use of a synthetic and holistic approach, Evaluating Career Education and Guidance describes a framework developed by the author for judging the merit or worth of career programs, policies, services or initiatives.


Feminist geographer Gillian Rose has argued that humanistic geography longs for a prediscursive space that it associates with the mother, and that "place is represented as Woman, in order that humanists can define their own masculine rationality."2 This geographical metaphor of the female body as place—of home, nation, exile, and diaspora-is as good a place to start as any in a discussion of how women function symbolically in the 1997 film, Martin (Hache).3 As an Argentine/Spanish co-production, directed by the Argentinean director Adolfo Aristarain, Martin (Hache) is, among other things, a cinematic meditation on exile and diaspora. For clarity, I define exile as the subject's forced separation from the homeland, usually for political reasons, and diaspora as the state of being outside the homeland for reasons that are not, or are no longer juridical. The Argentina exile and diaspora I discuss in relation to Martin (Hache) refer to the period of forced absence during the military dictatorship between 1976 and 1983, and the circumstances of continued absence after democracy was restored.


R meters* were first described in 1910 by Bestelmeyer, who recognized the existence of errors due to rapidly changing conditions. However, little quantitative information is available even at the present time on the magnitude of the errors to be expected in particular maneuvers. These "dynamic errors" can be negligible or relatively large depending upon the time required for changes in the actual rate of climb as compared with a period called the "characteristic time" of a particular instrument. If the forcing changes occur in a time much less than the characteristic time, large dynamic errors will appear while slower changes have progressively less effect. The present paper outlines the general theory of the conventional " capillary leak" rate-of-climb meter and describes a laboratory method for determining the coefficients necessary to predict performance in flight. Theoretical and laboratory results in the form of curves are compared with data taken from flight tests. Special attention is paid to the case of sinusoidal changes, and non-dimensional curves applicable to any frequency are given.


In contrast to concepts 25 years ago, the mechanisms of asthma are now known to be complex. Treatment concepts need to reflect this change and focus on those steps that upregulate inflammation. As this goal is achieved, asthma control will follow.


AbstractUnder climate change, thawing permafrost may cause a release of carbon, which has a positive feedback on the climate. The permafrost-carbon climate response (γPF) is the additional permafrost-carbon made vulnerable to decomposition per degree of global temperature increase. A simple framework was adopted to estimate γPF using the database for phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The projected changes in the annual maximum active layer thicknesses (ALTmax) over the twenty-first century were quantified using CMIP5 soil temperatures. These changes were combined with the observed distribution of soil organic carbon and its potential decomposability to give γPF. This estimate of γPF is dependent on the biases in the simulated present-day permafrost. This dependency was reduced by combining a reference estimate of the present-day ALTmax with an estimate of the sensitivity of ALTmax to temperature from the CMIP5 models. In this case, γPF was from −6 to −66 PgC K−1(5th–95th percen...


EnglishImagination is often confused with daydreams with no impact on reality, having historically been superseded by psychology over other mental faculties. However, as a higher psychic function, it plays a fundamental role in human conscious activity. Especially at work. This article aims to dis-cuss, based on Cultural-Historical Psychology, the relationship between imagination and subjectiv-ity control in the field of work; as well as defend the thesis that the control of the imagination can alter the individual's relationship with reality and the psychic processes of subjective image production of objective reality. From this, two predominant forms of cognitive-affective processes are proposed, which manifest themselves as tendencies in the functioning of the psyche: one whose prevalence occurs through the exercise of creative imagination; and the other through "fa-talistic and conformist realism", understood as the form of imagination typical of alienated work, responsible for the exercise of imagination as production of fictitious images. portuguesA imaginacao e frequentemente confundida com devaneios sem impacto na realidade, tendo sido historicamente preterida pela Psicologia face a outras faculdades mentais. No entanto, como funcao psiquica superior, desempenha papel fundamental na atividade consciente humana. Especialmente, no trabalho. Objetiva-se discutir neste artigo, baseado na Psicologia Historico-Cultural, a relacao entre imaginacao e o controle da subjetividade no campo do trabalho; bem como defender a tese de que o controle da imaginacao pode alterar a relacao do individuo com a realidade e os processos psiquicos de producao de imagem subjetiva da realidade objetiva. A partir disso, propoem-se duas formas predominantes de processos cognitivo-afetivos, que se manifestam como tendencias do psi-quismo humano: um cuja prevalencia ocorre por meio do exercicio da imaginacao criativa; e outro por meio do "realismo fatalista e conformista", entendido como a forma de imaginacao tipica do trabalho alienado, responsavel pelo exercicio da imaginacao como producao de imagens ficticias.


This report provides the 1994 follow-up evaluation of the Early Childhood Parent/Education Family Literacy Project in South Carolina, first evaluated in 1993. The objective of the evaluation was a comprehensive review and analysis of program componeuts and elements as designed and implemented by 12 pilot projects. Highlights from the 1993 evaluation of the pilot projects, background information on the evaluation framework for the 1994 follow-up survey, a summary report on the 1994 evaluation, individual profiles of the projects participating in Parent/Education Family Literacy Projects for 12 counties, and recommendations for further parent education/family literacy program development and evaluation are included. Activities of each of the 12 programs are described in the areas of parent education, adult education family literacy, and child and family services. The survey findings indicated that the 12 participating projects have made significant gains since the 1993 evaluation, in terms of increasing services to all families and in refining parent education services, and interagency collaboration. Among the recommendations gleaned from the survey are: (1) that parent education/family literacy programs should continue to expand on areas affecting school readiness; (2) that projects should continue to focus on involving families at risk; and (3) that full integration of parent education/family literacy programs into the community's total family services system and the .chools' overall readiness programs should be a priority. (AP) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 0171co of Educational Researen and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) %A This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization onginating it Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. A Follow Up Study of Selected South Carolina Parent Education/Family Literacy Projects: 1994 Kevin J. Swick Melissa E. Tromsness College of Education University of South Carolina Columbia, South Carolina 29208 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY 4KRN \ `c\ -S Ck. TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC).January, 1995 Columbia, South Carolina 29208


: Trajectory prediction for the surrounding cars is a useful task in autonomous driving for obvious reasons. The traditional methods for predicting the future trajectories of surrounding cars involved complex motion models and patterns, complex maneuvers or physical models of the car trajectories. More recent works aim to predict the future car positions by using deep learning and neural networks. In this paper, video generation models were employed, which provide an estimation of the future frames related to the car positions based on an existing video and can obtain the position of the selected cars by employing an object detection algorithm along with additional information obtained by a segmentation module that uses a semantic segmentation network. The results were validated by employing the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) metric in order to predict the locations of the surrounding cars and estimate their depth. Apparently, this approach has never been implemented in order to obtain the trajectory and the future position of the surrounding cars in autonomous driving.


The aim of the educational field of "Technology" is to prepare students for future labor and socially useful activity, to facilitate school students' professional self-determination in accordance with their personal interests and abilities and in keeping with the needs of production and the labor market. In the basic syllabus of the eleven-year school, "Technology" is included as a mandatory part of the federal component of the content of instruction.


We present the results of applying the developed algorithms for direct and reverse mathematical modelling to calculate the effective thermal conductivity tensor in samples of phase-change materials.


Benzo[e]-1,3-oxazin-2-imine-4-ones (3) were synthesized by cyclocarbonylation of o-iodophenols with carbodiimides in the presence of a catalytic amount of a palladium catalyst and 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane under CO pressure. Product yields are dependent on the nature of the substrate, catalyst, solvent, and base as well as phosphine ligand. Reaction of o-iodophenols with unsymmetrical carbodiimides affords benzo[e]-1,3-oxazin-2-imine-4-ones (11a−g) in good yield and usually in a completely regioselective manner. Benzo[e]-1,3-oxazin-2,4-diones (5) were obtained in good to excellent yields using the same procedure and a 1:2 ratio of o-iodophenol/isocyanate. Pyrido[3,2-e]-1,3-oxazin-4-ones (16) were isolated in fine yield using 2-hydroxy-3-iodopyridine instead of an iodophenol as reactant. The reaction mechanism is believed to involve in situ formation of a carbamate ester followed by palladium-catalyzed carbonylative amidation.


There are some inherent disadvantages when analyzing spectrum by FFT- For the prefect characteristics of resonant components, the design and simulation formulas are deduced in the paper based on resonant principle to analyze spectrum or detect a single frequency. The result of experiments indicates its feasibility.


Homicide rates in Ceylon are among the highest known, but suicide rates are low. In certain respects the pattern of suicide and homicide in Ceylon is essentially similar to that found for Western countries. Subcultural differences are important. A psycho-cultural theory of suicide and homicide is formulated with at least three basic elements: individual personality, tension situations, and culturally permissible alternatives. Variation in permissible alternatives due to the relative closeness or looseness of social organization is an important factor of suicide and homicide.


The strata of the Carboniferous System were deposited before the onset of continental drift and before the break-up of the ancient land masses of the world. In consequence, horizons in lands now many thousands of miles apart can be accurately correlated by the classical methods of stratigraphical palaeontology. In the chronostratigraphic classification of the Carboniferous, as adopted in north-west Europe, the Carboniferous is divided into two Subsystems — the Dinantian (below) and the Silesian (above). The Silesian is further divided into Series of which the Namurian is the lowest. The term Namurian is used over all Europe and Asia, but in North America a different terminology is used. The limits of the Namurian itself and of the standard stage and zonal divisions within it are based on the occurrences of ammonoid cephalopods known as goniatites, the species of which display very rapid dispersal in space and rapid replacement of one species by another in time. Intercontinental correlations of Carboniferous rocks are largely made with their aid. 2. The stages of the Namurian Series now accepted as standard are : Yeadonian Marsdenian Kinderscoutian Alportian Chokierian Arnsbergian Pendleian


The genus Psilometriocnemus S?ther is newly-recorded from the Oriental Region of China. One new species Psilometriocnemus s?theri sp. nov. is described and illustrated as the male imago. The new species is characterized by a robust anal point, reduced inferior volsella and crista dorsalis. The generic diagnosis of the genus is emended and a key to adult males of Psilometriocnemus worldwide is presented.


The purpose of the author is to correlate actual data with COCOMO (constructive cost model) estimated values and determine if the COCOMO method accurately reflects documented program expenditures. Because spaceborne microprocessing is a relatively new arena, the primary constraint associated with developing a model is the limited available database. Data collection to support a statistical analysis is presented along with a discussion of calculated COCOMO results. In the analysis, the use of nonparametric statistics for small samples is addressed. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and Kendall-Rank statistics support distribution free analyses of the data. >


Detailed geomorphological mapping has been carried out combining three-dimensional aerial photography studies with detailed field mapping of periglacial slope landforms in selected part of central Svalbard in the Longyearbyen, Adventdalen and Vindodden areas. The focus of the research was on identifying slope processes and their resulting landforms and activity, the meteorological setting and the impact of slope processes on human transport and housing infrastructure of the study areas. The Svalbard landscape has an arctic maritime climate with continuous permafrost and total lack of higher vegetation. The analysed and mapped four study areas range in size and setting concerning distance to the sea and large-scale topographical setting, but they all include slopes and different types of slope deposits. The general Tertiary and Triassic bedrock geology is similar between the areas and consists of almost horizontally laminated layers of sandstones, mudstones and shales. Here we present results of the geomorphological mapping with focus on snow avalanches, debris flows and solifluction processes and sediments. We describe the variable activity and sub-types of the periglacial slope landforms and sediments in relation to meteorological, topographical and geological setting. The major factors constraining type and distribution of slope processes in the four compared areas are suggested to be a combination of bedrock geology of the back walls, location in relation to general wind direction and the sediment composition in the starting areas of debris flows and solifluction sheets.


The purpose of this study was to examine the integration of natural sciences and mathematics into home economics teaching, particularly any factors hindering integration. Altogether 88 Slovenian home economics teachers were questioned. The results show that biology, consumer and health education were integrated into home economics courses more often than other subjects. Slovenian home economics teachers' integration of other school subjects or topics depends mainly on their work experience and combination of subjects during their undergraduate studies. Another indicator, a negative one, was that our teachers didn't know some relevant science and mathematics subject curricula and they are not enough competent in these sciences. This should be the first step in the future development of home economics teacher education.
Key words: education, home economics, integration, mathematics, natural sciences, teacher.


We propose a novel autonomous system for chaos generation based on a third-order abstract canonical mathematical model. Nonlinearity in this system is introduced by a bipolar switching constant which reflects the behaviour of a simple inverter circuit. Two implementations of the system are given. The first uses commercially available components while the second was designed on a CMOS chip. Numerical simulations and experimental results are provided.


Introduction: Subcutaneous insulin may be utilized for the treatment of hyperglycemia in the intensive care unit (ICU) in selected patients; however, available evidence does not provide an optimal glucose management strategy to guide subcutaneous insulin product selection and dose titration. Methods


Through field tests for the typical heavy-aroma-style flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87,we studied the formation rule of the main latent fragrant substances in flue-cured tobacco growth period in five regions of Henan province and their relationships with the related enzyme activities.The results showed that the contents of polyphenols and petroleum ether extracts had the trend of gradual accumulation in the maturation process of flue-cured tobacco as a whole.The contents of carotenoids and free amino acids declined slowly throughout the growth period.PPO activity reached the highest value at the stage of leaf maturation,revealing a single-peak curve throughout the growth period.The changes of POD activity in different experimental regions were inconsistent,and those in both Jiaxian and Xiangxian were double-peak curve.PAL activity generally showed an increasing tendency before the maturation of tobacco leaves.At the same time,the activities of PPO and POD had positive correlations with the contents of polyphenols and petroleum ether extracts,and the correlations between PPO activity and the contents of the latter two reached a significant level.The correlations between POD activity and the contents of rutin and total polyphenols reached a significant level,and the correlation between PAL activity and chlorogenic acid content also reached a significant level.There were negative correlations between the activities of three enzymes and the contents of carotenoids and free amino acid.Under the conditions of the same tobacco variety and cultivation techniques,the changes of latent fragrant substances in different producing areas of typical heavy-aroma-style flue-cured tobacco had the consistent trend basically,but their contents under different ecological conditions were significantly different.PPO and POD activities had significant impacts on the content of polyphenolic compounds in flue-cured tobacco,and the changes of their activities in growth period had a great effect on the accumulation of polyphenolic compounds.


Due to their light mass, the electrons vibrate at a higher frequency than other plasma particles. As a result, they generate the effective frequency for shielding on the surface of a matter. To examine this frequency more precisely, a layer of thickness L from a homogeneous plasma is examined. Once this natural frequency is determined, a controller is designed to maintain the oscillation frequency constant also in the presence of disturbances which can occur. In this paper a Discrete Sliding Mode Control (DSMC) is proposed to maintain the natural frequency of the plasma constant. A proposition shows that a controller on just a grid point of the circular cell is enough to stabilize this frequency robustly even though in the presence of continuous disturbances and in the presence of unknown electrical initial fields. Simulation results validated the proposed control law.


Subsurface fluid flow processes have been studied for over 150 years, starting from securing water resources for drinking and agricultural purposes, salt production from brines, and exploration and production of energy resources such as petroleum and natural gas. Infiltration theory based on Darcy's law (Darcy, 1856) has been used in analyses. Hubbert (1956) conducted a thorough review of this equation and showed that it can be understood as a microscopic momentum equation averaged over macroscopic scales, even though the equation was originally developed as an empirical one. Hubbert (1956) also stated that Darcy's law can be used under the condition that viscous resistance is dominant compared to inertial resistance. The laminar flow condition is met with a Reynolds number of 600 to 700 in porous media (Dudgeon, 1966; Kyle and Perrine, 1971); however, according to Hubbert (1956)'s discussion, Darcy's law does not hold when the Reynolds number is larger than unity in porous media with the reference length set to be the mean diameter of solid grains. The Darcy flux of 1 (cm /s /cm) corresponds to this condition when the mean grain size of the medium is 10-2 cm. Bear (1972) also presented similar results and showed that Darcy's law is applicable when the Reynolds number is smaller than 1 or 10. As explained above, subsurface fluid flow is known to be slow. Recently problems related to subsurface fluid flow processes have been increasing, therefore, slow subsurface processes have become more and more important. Expectations are high today for the appropriate use of stable subsurface environments to solve waste disposal problems. For example, concepts for the geological disposal of radioactive wastes and subsurface sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) have been developed based on the fact that there are places where subsurface fluid flow is extremely slow and that we can expect possible very slow mass transport conditions in the subsurface if we design procedures for disposal/sequestration properly. Also, studies on the petroleum system include migration, accumulation, preservation, and destruction of petroleum and natural gas reservoirs over geological time scales. Here, an extremely slow subsurface fluid flow is the issue. Land subsidence can also be understood as a


NMR spectroscopy has great potential as an instrumental method for environmental chemistry research and monitoring but may be underused in teaching laboratories because of its complexity and the level of expertise required in operating the instrument and interpreting data. This laboratory experiment introduces environmental NMR spectroscopy to upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in a simple and accessible manner. Students investigate the partitioning of crude oil components into water under various environmental conditions; assess the effects of agitation and dispersants on dissolution; and identify benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene components through standard addition. Furthermore, electronic referencing is introduced as an effective method for quantification in complex unaltered samples.


Abstract : The aim of this work was to develop high temperature magnets to be used in an electromagnetic system for the "More Electric Plane" applications. The desired operating temperature T(op) was 45O0 deg C for permanent magnets and 65O0 deg C for soft magnets.


Air-flow resistivity is a very important parameter for characterizing porous sound absorbing materials. A number of theoretical models are dependent on values of air-flow resistivity. Air-flow resistivity has also been used in the selection of materials for noise insulation and room acoustic applications. However, direct measure of air-flow resistivity is not simple. To overcome this problem, several indirect alternative methods have been proposed, such as the one proposed by Ingard & Dear in a standing wave tube. In this work, an electroacoustic procedure is proposed to determine this parameter from the method devised by Ingard & Dear. It is shown that, under certain conditions, the air-flow resistivity can be obtained from direct measurements of electric impedance.


This paper is but a summary of the state of the art of a comparative study of the expression of qualification in the Samba Duru languages exemplified by a sample of three languages from various branches. This first outlook of an upcoming larger survey concentrates on the adjective (word) class. Samba Duru is typologically complex having side by side noun class languages and languages showing various stages of transition from a class language to a stage where most traces have vanished, up to the stage where plural marking of nouns, the most obvious area where former noun classes may be identified, has largely disappeared. This of course effects the expression of qualification. This paper places attention on whether the languages have adjectives to express qualification and the nature of these.


Social Skills as Predictors of Alcohol and Other Drugs Involvement: An Exploratory Study The aim of this study was to investigate the relations between social skills and involvement with alcohol, crack cocaine, marijuana and nicotine in a sample composed by 47 people admitted to outpatient treatment for abuse or dependence on these drugs. Social Skills Inventory and Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test were used. The results showed significant correlations between variables, with the substances involvement variance being explained between 10% and 44% by social skills. The results support the hypothesis that deficits in the general repertoire of social skills are not necessarily a characteristic of abuse or dependence on alcohol and other drugs, but specific classes and contexts can predict the involvement with substances.


Abstract This paper reports on materials whose second order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties can be switched by light. We synthesized and studied the properties of a series of substituted N-salicylidene anilines which are noncentrosymmetric and photochromic crystals. All compounds exhibit second harmonic generation (SHG). One of the compounds exists in two different cristalline forms, one being photochromic and the other thermochromic. Photoswitching of SHG was performed : irradiation by UV light lead to a decrease of SHG up to 60% of the SHG signal at 1064 nm and 10% at 1907 nm.


This article presents the development of silicon based heat spreader devices, called hexcells. Several key technical aspects, including the hexcell MEMS fabrication process, mechanical strength studies, vacuum sealing technique, and phase change and mass transport visualization, have been developed and studied. The hexcell development prototypes are fabricated by MEMS photolithography and dry-etch processes, with eutectic bonding to form a sealed silicon chamber with openings for charging with the working fluid. Using Ansys as the modeling tool, we optimized the hexcell total mechanical strength by incorporating six interior support posts to reinforce the structure. In terms of the optimized design, experimental results on actual hexcell samples show that a well-bonded hexcell can withstand over 60psi without destructive failure. Vacuum sealing are divided into helium and vapor leakage tests. With metalized and solder-sealed sidewalls, both testing results confirm good vacuum sealing. The wick structure used in the present hexcell is silicon pillars with dimensions of 50μm in diameter and 250μm in height. The pillars are etched before the hexcell is bonded and formed. Experiments using the silicon wick structure demonstrate over 300W/cm2 cooling capacity and visualization shows the intensive phase change on the heating area.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


JOHN REX is Professor of Sociology at the University of Warwick. Race relations is an area of interdisciplinary study and it is to be expected that students from different disciplines will have sometimes complementary, sometimes conflicting insights into particular problems. Nonetheless this does not mean that there are no distinct disciplinary ways of posing and looking at problems. Still less does it mean that complex concepts can be elucidated, or theories tested and refuted by simplistic and sub-disciplinary survey methods. It was with this in mind that I introduced into an empirical study of race relations in the urban zone of transition in Birmingham the sociological concept of 'housing classes'. I take sociology to be concerned with the ways in which the behaviour of individuals is affected by their participation in more or less fixed and more or less fluid and changing structures of social relations. It is concerned with those influences on behaviour arising from 'outside' the individual rather than those which arise 'internally', 'in his head' or 'from the personality system'. Thus, while psychologists may be interested in the question of whether a certain kind of personality system is associated with racially prejudiced beliefs and behaviour, the sociologist will be concerned with whether such beliefs and behaviour are meaningfully and perhaps causally connected with being involved in a network of social relations and


"Father, father," he cried, "father, what are they doing? Father, they are beating the poor horse!" "Come along, come along!" said his father. "They are drunken and foolish, they are in fun; come away, don't look!" and he tried to draw him away, but he tore himself away from his hand, and, beside himself with horror, ran to the horse. The poor beast was in a bad way. She was gasping, standing still, then tugging again and almost falling. "Father! Why did they . . . kill. . . the poor horse!" he sobbed, but his voice broke and the words came in shrieks from his panting chest. "They are drunk. . . . They are brutal. . . . it's not our business!" said his father. He put his arms round his father but he felt choked, choked. He tried to draw a breath, to cry out—and woke up.


Recent results on the composition of the stability boundary by N.A. Tsolas et al. (IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., vol.CAS-32, no.10, pp.1041-9, Oct. 1985) and J. Zaborszky et al. (Proc. IFAC Symp. Power Syst. Power Plant. Contr., Beijing, China, Aug. 1986, pp.597-603) claimed that it consisted of the stable manifolds of index-one unstable equilibria and their closures. A counterexample shows the potential existence of additional structures within the boundary. This finding invalidates numerous theorems published in the literature. The author concedes that the counterexample to the theorem in the paper by N.A. Tsolas et al. is unassailable and identifies the error in his proof. >


This report documents a digital computer program for computing the propagation of LF and VLF radio waves using the wave hop theory. It supersedes NBS Report 8889. The documentation includes a description of the physical model, detailed mathematical formulas, a main function flow chart, a listing of the FORTRAN source deck, and the input and output of a sample case.


Aiming at the defects of the traditional reactive power compensation method in the original system of urban power grid, such as large difference in compensation capacity and single form, a configuration optimization strategy based on MCR reactive power compensation device is proposed. The optimal compensation point is evaluated by using the comprehensive degree index of voltage stability, and the reactive power optimization mathematical model of power system is established. The optimal reactive power configuration is obtained by optimizing the parameters of the mathematical model combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, the dynamic reactive power compensation for 220KV level regional node system is added, according to the proposed reactive power configuration optimization scheme, to conduct simulation experiments, and the results show that the proposed method is reasonable and effective.


Rhodium-catalyzed deuterioformylation of 1,1-diphenylethene at partial substrate conversion (15 and 34%) at 100 °C and 100 atm (CO/D2 = 1:1) gives, in addition to the expected 3,3-diphenylpropanal-1,3-d2, the monodeuterated olefin 1,1-diphenylethene-2-d1 and the labeled normal aldehyde arising from this substrate. The above compounds have been detected by 2H NMR analysis of the crude reaction mixtures. These findings demonstrate that a tertiary alkyl−rhodium intermediate is formed, under hydroformylation conditions, in a larger amount than the normal isomer, but it undergoes β-hydride elimination only without formation of the branched aldehyde.


Epoetin alfa (EPO) 40,000–60,000 U SC once weekly (QW) has been shown to increase hemoglobin (Hb) by ~2 g/dL after 8-12 wks in anemic patients (pts) with cancer receiving chemotherapy (CT). The proportion of pts achieving a hematologic response (HR; Hb ≥12 g/dL and/or Hb increase ≥2 g/dL from baseline [BL]) at this dosage was ~70%. It was hypothesized that higher initiation doses of EPO may result in earlier HR and improved HR rates. This nonrandomized, open-label, pilot study was designed to investigate the safety and efficacy of EPO 80,000 U SC QW for up to 12 wks in anemic (Hb ≤11 g/dL) pts with nonmyeloid malignancies undergoing CT. If Hb increased to >13 g/dL, EPO was held until Hb ≤12 g/dL, then dose reduced by 20,000 U. Dose was similarly reduced if Hb increased >1.3 g/dL in 2 wks. Primary endpoint was proportion of pts with a major response, defined as HR. Secondary endpoints included proportion of pts with a minor response (Hb increase ≥1 g/dL but


Abstract Two rare earth oxysulfides Ln 5V3O7S6 (Ln = La, Ce) have been synthesized and their structures determined. The two isostructural compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pmmn (no. 59). The structure features one-dimensional edge-sharing VS4O2 octahedron chains parallel to the b axis. The bonding between V and S/O is covalent, and between Ln 3+ and the rest of the matrix ionic. Magnetic susceptibility measurement revealed that V is in a mixed valence state of V3+ and V4+. Its magnetic behavior follows the Curie-Weiss law.


The deep-water wave type of swirl motion of a bubbling jet appearing in a cylindrical bath agitated by bottom gas injection is promising to elevate mixing efficiency significantly in the steelmaking industry. At the same time, it affects the erosion of the refractory of the reactor and causes oscillation of the reactor. An understanding of the swirl motion observed under different conditions therefore is of practical importance. Considering these circumstances, an effect of a top lance on the swirl motion is investigated in this study based on water model experiments. A hollow cylinder which is a model for the top lance is slightly immersed in a water bath contained in a cylindrical vessel. The cylinder and the vessel are concentrically placed. Air is injected through a centered bottom nozzle into the bath to generate the swirl motion. The occurrence condition of the swirl motion is revealed and empirical equations are proposed for describing the condition. Empirical equations are proposed also for the basic characteristics of the swirl motion such as the period, amplitude, starting time, and damping time.


The main problem of shaping threaded holes in sheet blanks with a thickness of less than two millimeters is to obtain a threaded surface that provides the necessary strength of the threaded connection. The method of forming holes with flanges in sheet blanks by rotating punch (thermal drilling) has wide technological capabilities. The rotational speed of the punch, as well as its axial feed, affect the shape, size and properties of the material of the resulting hole, which in its turn affects the length of the screwing and the strength of the threaded joint.


Objective:To explore the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and its relationship with progression of human brain glioma.Methods:VEGF protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in 60 cases of glioma and 10 cases of normal brain tissues.Nucleic acid hybridization in situ was used to examine the expression of VEGF mRNA in the tissues.Results:The positive expression of VEGF protein and VEGF mRNA increased significantly with the pathological grades of glioma(P0.01).There was no expression in the normal human brain.Conclusions:The high expression of VEGF is obviously related to the progression of human glioma.VEGF may contribute to the progression of human glioma by playing a part in the formation of angiogenesis.


Cell adhesion is implicated in a number of biological pathways such as angiogenesis, arteriosclerosis, chronic inflammatory diseases, and carcinogenesis. Chemokine receptor CXCR4 is often found aberrantly expressed on metastatic tumor cells. To investigate CXCR4 signaling in tumor cell adhesion, we stably overexpressed CXCR4 in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Regulation of CXCR4 in HepG2 cell adhesion was in-situ investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance. The results of cell adhesion assays illustrated that stimulation of the receptor with its ligand, CXCL12, promotes adhesion of HepG2-CXCR4 cells to both extracellular matrix and endothelial ligands.


The process of phototransduction, whereby light is converted into an electrical response in retinal rod and cone photoreceptors, involves, as a crucial step, the diffusion of cytoplasmic signaling molecules, termed second messengers. A barrier to mathematical and computational modeling is the complex geometry of the rod outer segment which contains about 1000 thin discs. Most current investigations on the subject assume a well–stirred bulk aqueous environment thereby avoiding such geometrical complexity. We present theoretical and computational spatio–temporal models for phototransduction in vertebrate rod photoreceptors, which are pointwise in nature and thus take into account the complex geometry of the rod outer segment. We consider both the full model and two forms (strong and weak) of a homogenized limit model which involves simplified geometry. These, spatially resolved, models reduce to simpler (longitudinal and lumped) models proposed by physiologists. We establish well-possedness of the model problems using upper and lower solutions and their associated monotone iterations. Computational models of the mathematical problems have been developed, based on Finite Volume discretization of the partial differential equations and boundary conditions, and implemented in Fortran. Convergence of the finite difference system to the solution of the continuous problem for a similar problem is shown in [41]. Due to the intricate geometry of the cytosol, the


Research in cancellous bone has grown exponentially over the last 20 years and is still going on. The knowledge of the mechanical properties of cancellous bone will enhance the understanding of bonerelated fracture. Cancellous bone is a highly porous or cellular form of bone. Unlike most metal properties, cancellous bone is non-isotropic and its mechanical properties (elastic modulus, yield stress) will vary in the longitudinal, latitudinal and radial direction. Besides that, the mechanical properties also vary according to the bone density, even the bone density of human spine is different from the one found in the arm. The precise relationship between mechanical properties of cancellous bone and apparent density remains open question. In early 1970's, Galante et al. [1] reported a linear relationship between strength and apparent density. Carter and Hayes [2] reported their squared power law relationship which has since becomes a benchmark. Thus, the relationship of the effect of bone density on the mechanical properties of human bone is required. This will further facilitate the analysis of biomechanics behaviour of the corresponding spinal segment in a cheaper and faster manner because the relationship obtained can be used in finite element analysis.


Diffuse cerebral and cerebellar atrophy-intractable seizures-progressive microcephaly syndrome is a rare, genetic, central nervous system malformation syndrome characterized by congenital, progressive microcephaly, neonatal to infancy-onset of severe, intractable seizures, and diffuse cerebral cortex and cerebellar vermis atrophy with mild cerebellar hemisphere atrophy, associated with profound global developmental delay. Hypotonia or hypertonia with brisk reflexes, variable dysmorphic facial features, ophthalmological signs (cortical visual impairment, nystagmus, eye deviation) and episodes of sudden extreme agitation caused by severe illness may also be associated.


This research began with the general objective of establishing a relationship between autobiographical memories, early maladaptative schemas, attachment and interpersonal relations in the genesis and maintenance of major depression. It also aimed to analyze the recall of involuntary autobiographical memories in major depression. Depression is an emotional disorder with a high prevalence, in which are present cognitive changes at the mnesic level, namely in autobiographical memory. Attachment, schemas and interpersonal relationships seem to relate to autobiographical memory, aspects that together can be important factors for the understanding of depression and its maintenance. The results obtained point out, in depressed subjects, to the recall of autobiographical memories of negative emotional valence and to the decreased specificity of memory. These results were also observed in the group of subjects with generalized anxiety. The same result was not observed in subjects without psychopathology which presented a predominance of positive emotional valence events, which also were specific. The negative emotional valence events and early schemas have proven to be determinant variables for depression. We noted a tendency for, in the presence of early schemas, to exist a larger recall of information of negative emotional valence: These ultimately reinforce each other, also leading to the reinforcement of the depressive cycle. In the recall of involuntary autobiographical memories, depressed subjects evoked a greater number events of negative emotional valence and of specific events; although at the level of valence there has been a trend towards a retrieval of positive emotional information. This research allowed us to obtain a broad understanding of the different factors that contribute to the genesis and maintenance of depression, while also identifying possible areas of greater vulnerability for the maintenance of the depressive cycle. It also stresses the important roles of schemas in the different processes of retrieval and suggests that during the psychotherapeutic process there is also a focus on involuntary retrieval of information.


The present research-in-progress makes significant contribution to the research in the e-enabled supply chain management (eSCM) area by extending the DeLone and McLean information systems success model and e-commerce success model to an eSCM success model. It also extends the earlier Mahmood et al. (2005) eSCM success model by incorporating the service quality construct introduced in the DeLone and McLean (2003) updated IS success model. The current model, to the best of our knowledge, is the first model which will allow us to empirically assess eSCM success that takes into account the service quality component. It is, therefore, better than what is available in the literature at least at the present time. The study examines the use of eCommerce technologies in SCM in terms of the following six constructs: (1) eSCM system quality, (2) eSCM information quality, (3) eSCM service quality, (4) eSCM system usage, (5) eSCM system user satisfaction, and (6) net benefits.


The method of the nonlocal approach is used to describe the spatially dependent electron kinetics in an inert gas dc column plasma taking into account the space charge confinement. The historical concept of the method, the applied simplification of the electron kinetic equation, and the specifications about its validity are critically discussed. The accuracy of the results are evaluated by means of detailed comparisons with a strict solution of the relevant kinetic equation based on the two-term approximation. An extension of the method is deduced to estimate the anisotropic part of the electron velocity distribution which allows an approximate description of the electron particle and power fluxes. These estimations are used for a consistent treatment of the spatially resolved electron power balance in the column plasma.