BACKGROUND
few studies have prospectively evaluated long-term predictors of mortality in nonagenarians.

OBJECTIVE
to determine predictors of death in a nonagenarian cohort after 5 years of follow-up.

DESIGN
a prospective community-based study.

SETTING
a community-based study.

SUBJECTS
one hundred and eighty-six nonagenarians both living in the community and institutionalised.

METHODS
functional status was determined by the Lawton-Brody and Barthel Indexes (BI) and cognition by the Spanish version of the mental state examination (MEC). The Charlson Index was used to measure comorbidity. Nutritional status was evaluated by the short version of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment questionnaire.

RESULTS
mortality after 5 years was 75.53%. Patients who did not survive were significantly older, with lower cognitive and functional performance, with diminished visual acuity, higher comorbidity, high risk of malnutrition, higher number of drugs taken and a higher percentage of patients with the diagnosis of dyslipidaemia, heart failure or previous stroke. Cox regression analysis, identified the Charlson Index (hazard ratio 1.23, 95% CI 1.09-1.37) and MEC (hazard ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99) as independent predictors of mortality after 5 years.

CONCLUSIONS
better cognitive status and lesser comorbidity at baseline are the best predictors to identify which nonagenarians survived after a 5-year follow-up period.


Improving the quality and relevance of education is influenced by several factors. One of them that affects is the quality of the learning process carried out by teachers in the classroom and or at school.. Therefore, a teacher who has high qualifications, competence, and dedication is needed in carrying out his professional duties. However, there are some teachers in Malalak District, Agam Regency who have not tried to develop their profession, and do not even know what PKB is. Observing these findings, lecturers in the Education Administration Department of FIP UNP who are members of the service team provide assistance to solve these various problems. In addition, also accompanying the teacher to conduct Classroom Action Research (CAR). Therefore, it is deemed necessary to assist the service team from the Department of Educational Administration FIP UNP carried out through workshops, focus group discussions (FGD), improvement of classroom learning, and preparation of learning improvement reports in the form of CAR. This PKM will later produce a product for each participant, namely a learning design, proposal, instrument and CAR report. and will also be published in the mass media and will be uploaded on Youtube. Keywords: Continuous Professional Development, Learning, Classroom action research


I. INTRODUCTION The burgeoning world of for-profit higher education has many different faces - many of whom were captured in a recent PBS Frontline investigation that is worth committing to print in some detail.1 One face is Michael Clifford, a musician-and-drug-addict-turned venture capitalist who has made his money by infusing failing institutions of higher education throughout California with private capital from investors. Frontline correspondent Martin Smith recently spent time with Clifford to learn about his business model, conducting interviews at Clifford's headquarters overlooking the Pacific Ocean in Del Mar, California or on the fly as Clifford prowled the streets of San Diego in his MercedesBenz, scoping out his next investment prospect. One such prospect is The Dream Center, a non-profit Christian mission that is housed in a former hospital in downtown Los Angeles. The Dream Center acts as a 24hour rehab facility for ex-convicts, drug addicts, and prostitutes. But Clifford recently closed a deal that links the Dream Center to Patten University, a struggling, private, non-profit coeducational Christian college in Oakland that- critically- already holds regional accreditation and is therefore eligible for Title IV student aid. Clifford described his vision for the Dream Center's college to Smith: Clifford: "We take a prostitute off the street, or an ex-Crips or Bloods member, and we bring them into our center, and we start an education process." Smith: "Let me make sure I understand . . . so the former gang member, or prostitute, or whoever it is that comes to you . . . a homeless person . . . can get a college loan for an education?" Clifford: "Absolutely."2 Clifford told Smith that he wants to keep Patten and the Dream Center nonprofit, but the deal with Patten reserved the right to convert the college to for-profit status if too few charitable donors emerged. The Dream Center, which is eligible for Title IV financial aid, has also considered a for-profit online education program. Another face of the for-profit education sector is Ann Cobb. In 1994, she was a single mother of two, drowning in her ex-husband's bankruptcy debt and living on food stamps. Despite an income of less than $8,000 a year, an enrollment counselor at the University of Phoenix helped her secure a student loan for a four-year undergraduate program. Cobb described it as an "incredibly simple process." She graduated in 1999 with $30,000 in debt, which, on account of deferments, penalties, and interest rates that have varied as high as 14%, has ballooned to $60,000 by 2010. Smith's report suggests that there are far more Ann Cobbs in this world of for-profit education than there are Michael Cliffords.3 Smith spoke with Ray Campbell, a former loan officer at a for-profit school. Campbell said that he faced significant pressure to enroll and start students in graduate programs, even when the student could not or was not ready to begin classes. And Smith spoke with three former students at Everest College- a subsidiary of the for-profit giant Corinthian Colleges- who told him that they paid over $28,000 for a vocational nursing certificate after Everest told them that they would be placed in jobs paying $25 to $35 an hour after graduation.4 The students say that they were promised practical training in hospitals, but instead went to a "museum of scientology" for a psychiatric rotation and a day care center for a pediatrie rotation. Unable to find jobs, the students are considering filing suit against Corinthian. Smith took the students' story to Harris Miller, the current President of the Career College Association, which lobbies Congress on behalf of many for-profit institutions. Their conversation is worth repeating verbatim: Martin Smith: "Let me ask you about these nursing students at Corinthian. They have thirty thousand dollars in debt. What can they do?" Harris Miller: "Well, the government can basically wipe that out. …


The blocked terminal-isocyanate (NCO) aqueous polyurethane micelles were prepared by using the 2,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), polyethylene glycol (PEG), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) as blocking agent. This paper was focused on the kinetics research of the TCP blocking terminal-NCO of pre-polymer, which occurred during the preparation process of TCP blocked aqueous polyurethane micelles. The kinetics parameters were obtained in the absence and presence of dibutyl tin dilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanism for TCP blocking terminal-NCO of pre-polymer was explored. The results showed that the blocking reaction was second order reaction, and the reaction activation energy was 43.890 KJ/mol without catalyst. In the presence of DBTDL, the blocking reaction activation energy was reduced to 34.412 KJ/mol, and the reaction rate was improved significantly. In addition, TCP blocking terminal-NCO of pre-polymer could be ascribed to the nucleophilic addition between nucleophilic phenolic hydroxyl of TCP and the carbon atom of -NCO group.


Aim: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) may elevate in case of prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as well as chronic prostatitis. In chronic prostatitis and BPH distinction PSA, free / total PSA ratio isn't usefull. The aim of this study is to question the place of PSA density in the distinction of BPH and prostatitis.
Materials and Methods: In our clinic BPH pre - diagnosed, data of transurethral resection of prostate (TUR-P) performed and histologically diagnosed as no chronic prostatitis observed (group 1), with TUR-P performed but chronic prostatitis diagnosed (group 2) patients were retrospectively analyzed. The age, PSA, biopsy history, prostate size and PSA density (PSAD = PSA level / prostate volume) of patients were recorded.
Results: Chronic prostatitis was determined in 100 of 641 patients (15.6%). Biopsy before TUR-P was performed to 28 patients in the chronic prostatitis group, and 27 patients in BPH group (n=100) and in only 4 patients (14.3%) in the chronic prostatitis group pathological evidence of prostatitis was determined. PSA (p


This paper deals with appendages of the tenth abdominal segment of the Heteroneura which form terminal processes situated at the top of the male genitalia and surround dorsally and ventrally the anal projection.


This paper assesses the classrooms daylighting performance in hot and humid climate, by means of simulation in DAYSIM, considering the use of shadowed windows. The intention is to identify classrooms configurations that are still able to provide enough daylighting during the day. The study is orientated to the city of Natal, Northeast of Brazil, 5o S, on the coastal area, whose principles of passive building design emphasize daylighting and shading. An ambient with unshaded windows will be exposed to the excess of glare and thermal gains, inducing the occupants to close the curtains and turn the artificial lights on. Shading the window, it will be necessary to increase the window size to increase the diffuse light. Fortunately, these recommendations converge to create more opened architectural spaces, increasing the relation between inside and outside. However, the daylighting levels for different room depths depend on the combination of opening size and performance of the external shading. A classroom was modeled, simulated and analyzed, considering the combinations of three size openings (20 %, 40 % and 60% of window-to-wall ratio), four main facade orientations (North, South, East and West), and seven types of shading (horizontal overhang, drop edge overhang, 5o sloped overhang, horizontal overhang with side protection, horizontal overhang with three louvers, double horizontal overhang, double horizontal overhang with three louvers). Analyzes based on the useful daylight illuminance (UDI) showed limitations due to the occurrence of glare, caused by diffuse daylight next to the window. Detailed simulations confirmed a high level of influence of the combination of sky visible fraction and


This article analyzes the cultural and musical movement known as Mangue Beat, focusing on one of its trademarks, namely the dialogue between international genres marginal to the pop and rock music canon (heavy metal, hip hop, reggamuffin) and Brazilian genres seen as regional and not canonized in the pantheon of national music (coco, maracatu, ciranda, embolada). The movement's emblem, the antenna stuck in the mud, combines local roots with permanent attention to global flows. The article argues that Mangue Beat overcomes the rift between popular music and youth music in Brazil, opened with the crisis in the emancipatory potential of MPB in the period of transition to democracy.


Abstract For the past 5 years I have been teaching my introductory geology class using a case-based method that promotes student engagement and inquiry. This article presents an explanation of how a case-based curriculum differs from a more traditional approach to the material. It also presents a statistical analysis of several years' worth of student assessment data from both the traditional and case-based curricula. These analyses demonstrate that the case-based method not only improves student learning relative to a traditional curriculum, it also improves students' ability to apply higher-order thinking skills to the study of the earth.


See also O'Brien et al (2008) "Scholarly Information in a Digital Age: choices for the University of Melbourne" available at http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2427


As part of a project to construct an interactive program which will encourage children to play with language by building jokes, we have developed a large lexical database, closely based on WordNet. As well as the standard WordNet information about part of speech, synonymy, hyponymy, etc, we have added phonetic representations and symbolic links allowing attachment of pictures. All information is represented in a relational database, allowing powerful searches using SQL via a Java API. The lexicon has a facility to label subsets of the lexicon with symbolic names, and we are working to incorporate some educationally relevant word lists as sublexicons. This should also allow us to improve the familiarity ratings which the lexicon assigns to words.


Anomaly detection is a research area where machine learning can have a significant impact. Many efforts have been made in this area for years and conference proceedings are full of outstanding work presenting algorithms that are all more efficient than each other. Nevertheless, this paper states that it is just as important to consider in depth the datasets on which we will work later as it is to develop high-performance algorithms. Thus, in this paper, we present the context of a real case of anomaly detection and what work needs to be done on the dataset well before considering the development of new algorithms to process it. We expect that this work and various general references provided can be useful for many other researchers who will have to work on real datasets and not only on datasets from famous repositories that have already been pre-processed and for which we know all the characteristics.


I a cyclical business, when you're riding the good times, it probably means you're not far from the bad ones. So it is with the cattle business, said Dan Basse, president of Ag Resource Co., as he kicked off the Feeding Quality Forum in La Vista, Neb., and Garden City, Kan., in midAugust. "It's not like the mid-1980s, with land values collapsing. It's more like a slow bleed," Basse said of the general "downturn" in agricultural commodities. Ag equipment sales have slowed, land prices are going down, and grain trade has softened as the dollar strengthened. The cow-calf business is still poised for profit for the next couple of years, but Basse shared a tale of caution beyond that. "You've got to make sure you're around for when the good times are rolling again," he said. Embrace and prepare for change was also a theme that Marilyn Corbin, Zoetis veterinarian, delivered to the cattle feeders and allied industry in attendance. She provided a history of the veterinary feed directive (VFD), decoding the legal language for the policy that goes into effect Jan. 1, 2017. "They want your veterinarians involved to decide when and how to use antibiotics," Corbin said. "To make this process work, we're going to have to have communication among everybody." That means establishing relationships with a veterinarian and a nutritionist, and making sure they work together. During the last several decades, collaboration has become more common in the beef business, said Industry Achievement Award honoree James Herring of Friona Industries. "If you follow the alliance philosophy, if you are aligned with your partners in philosophy, you will have a solid future," he said, noting that approach has helped the feeding giant better meet consumer demand. Beef eaters not only want a higherquality, more consistent product, but they also want to know that animal welfare is a top priority. Terry Mader, Mader Consulting, challenged feeders to look at ways to increase cattle comfort during both heat and cold stress. "They are doing a lot better job today than we were 20 to 25 years ago," said the University of Nebraska professor emeritus. Mader offered practical ideas for monitoring animals during weather events and to mitigate environmental stress. "If I'm going to do one thing, just get more water space in that pen," he encouraged. If Galen Erickson, University of Nebraska animal scientist is going to do one thing, it's feed cattle longer. "With corn prices and cattle prices where they're at today, there is an incentive to feed them longer," he said, sharing the numbers as proof. One study compared cattle finished for 142 days with 163 and 185 days on feed (DOF). Going from that shortest feeding period to the longest increased carcass weight by 80 pounds (lb.) and profit went from virtually none to $54.11 per head. How long is too long? Erickson said they need more research, because they haven't found the ceiling yet. "Our job is to test the limits so you don't have to," he said. Panelists at both locations also shared experiences in hopes that feeders could learn without having to do all the "trial and error" themselves. Risk management was the topic, and the Nebraska session featured Doug Deets of Buchanan & Co., Marshall Hansen of Farm Credit Services and Scott Mueller of Samson Commodities. "If we're not managing not only the sales price of our animals but also the feed costs Feeding Quality Forum presenters prep cattlemen for curves ahead.


Spin-echo NMR measurements have been made, at liquid-helium temperatures, on 165Ho in the ferrimagnetic alloy series Ho0.03GdxY0.97-xFe2. Distinct spectra originating in domains and domain walls have been observed, both showing a non-linear variation of the hyperfine field with x. Results are analysed in terms of a model involving a non-linear dependence of the transferred hyperfine field from iron atoms on the number of gadolinium neighbours. The characteristics of the domain-wall resonances suggest that they originate from coupled nuclear-localised magnon modes.


A rapid and simple method for the simultaneous determination of nicotinamide, thiamine, pyridoxine, riboflavin and calcium pantothenate, associated with minerals was developed by high performance liquid chromatography. These vitamins were simultaneously assayed by reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC with C-8 column Perkin Elmer (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 mm, 80 A) and UV detection (210 and 270 nm). A mobile phase of water-methanol (894:106), 10 mM hexanesulfonate, 0,5% acetic acid and 0,1% triethylamine at pH 3.5 allowed the most satisfactory separation of these vitamins. The method was successfully applied to the determination of vitamins in tablets and coated tablets. Linearity, precision, recovery and specificity were always satisfactory. The average recoveries were from 98% to 102% and the relative standard deviations were between 0.9 to 2.5%.


To cite this article: Scott N. Cole & Dorthe Berntsen (2016) Do future thoughts reflect personal goals? Current concerns and mental time travel into the past and future,


•Previous studies indicate that pitch discrimination is less accurate in adults with CIs than in NH adults. However rhythm perception is reported as being similar (Gfeller & Lansing, 1991). It is interesting to note that in the age group studied here, rhythm accuracy within singing production is perceived by parents as being less accurate for the CI group. References Forgeard, M., Winner, E., Norton, A. & Schlaug, G. (2008) Practising a musical instrument in childhood is associated with enhanced verbal ability and nonverbal reasoning. PLoS ONE 3(10): e3566. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003566 Gfeller, K. & Lansing, C. (1991) Melodic, rhythmic, and timbral perception of adult cochlear implant users. J Speech Hear Res, 34:916-920 Acknowledgements We would like to thank all those parents who completed a questionnaire for this study and the nurseries, pre-schools, schools and playgroups who enabled us to distribute the questionnaires.


Fisheries sector plays an important role in Nigeria economy. Contribution of the sector to the nation's economy can be increased if challenges in the industry are minimized and the opportunities explored. Large scale aquaculture, an economic activity earning people a living is a very important industry encompassing fish traders, fish processors, fish farmers etc. The sector supports many Nigerians directly and indirectly. However fish importation is much more in quantity and value. 80% of aquaculture production in Nigeria is manned by small-scale farmers, except for few commercial ventures. Nigeria is blessed with numerous opportunities for large-scale aquaculture; however the challenges seem to override these opportunities. Constraints to production in the industry have been identified as recurrent high cost fish feed, poor water quality management, poor quality fish seed, technical know-how etc. Beyond the constraints to production are more pertinent factors responsible for un-sustainability of fish farm operation as business ventures. This paper focuses on the investment opportunities in large scale aquaculture and the current challenges that the farmers are facing in Nigeria. The paper shows that unprofitable operation of fish farms in Nigeria could be broadly attributed to two factors: poor production planning and inadequate technical know-how. The paper recommends the need to commercialize the industry through broad government fiscal efforts and sectorial re-organization in Nigeria.


Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) has gained popularity in its application to the diagnostics the fuel cells. However, traditional EIS takes a significant amount of time rendering it unsuitable for real-time diagnostics. Multi-frequency perturbation signals have been proposed to address this challenge. This however introduces new concerns surrounding the accuracy of the resulting impedance measurement. This work addresses some of the challenges with fuel cell multi-frequency impedance spectroscopy such as measurement accuracy, by first detailing some of the related problems and defining an optimised signal synthesis formulation. The proposed approach is validated in simulation and compared to the popular exponential frequency distribution approach using the appropriately defined error metric. It is shown that the proposed perturbation signal synthesis is more robust to nonlinearities and noise and as a result, offers improved impedance measurement.


A book entitled Risalah al Mahid tells about women fiqh specifically dima' al-mar'ah. It is written by KH.Masruhan from Brumbung Demak Central Java, in 1956, using Javanese language and Arabic script (pegon). This book aims to teach women about dima' al-mar'ah. Physically, female students having menstruation, her womb is ready for reproduction. It is as sign for them not to go to free social intercourse. This menstruation has affected women to comply with ta'abudi aspects. Woman having menstruation is not allowed reading Qur'an, prayer, I'tikaf, and others. These should be understood by female students. This research focuses on response of female students at Pesantren Mambail Futuh Jenu Tuban East Java toward content and learning process of a book Risalah al-Mahid. Result of the study describes that their response is quite good. They say that this book can be guidance for students with beginning experience of menstruation. They also tell that it is important to study this book. This research recommends that this book should be taught at pesantren and other basic educations. Keywords: Respons Santri, Kitab Risalah al-Mahid, Pesantren Manbail Futuh


The order Psittaciformes comprises over 330 species including Amazon parrots, African grey parrots, lovebirds, budgerigars, cockatiels, cockatoos and macaws. As a group, Psittacines are renowned for their cognitive abiliti es, mimetic skills and social nature. Although there are a large number of Psittacine species, many are endangered and several are close to extinction, with all but two common species now being covered by CITES (see Section 6.1.1 ). With the exception of the domestic budgerigar (Melopsitta cus und ula tus ), Psittacines are not widely used in UK laboratories. Studies involving other species are reported mainly from North America, often relating to the aviculture industry or research into avian cognition. Budgerigars are often used in behavioural studies, for example those investigating social and sexual behaviour. Although the numbers involved are not thought to be large, the complexity of providing for Psittacines in captivity demands that they are given consideration in a laboratory context. Current husbandry knowledge derives mainly from conservation breeding programmes or committed aviculturists. Although evidence is often anecdotal , some serious welfare issues have been recognized. Furthermore, both commercial aviculture and conservation may take different approaches and have objectives that are not always applicable to the laboratory situation.


Quantum theory with doublewave function description(DWFD) is applied to describe the motion of spinning electron in two mutually perpendicular uniform electromagnetic fields as well as in twodimensional harmonic oscillator's potential field.A comparison between the classical limit results and those of classical mechanics is made.


The peptide Gly‐His‐Val‐Gly‐Ala‐Ala‐Gly‐Ser (GHVGAAGS) identified from the fish collagen protein hydrolysates exhibited potential angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. The ACE inhibition mechanism of GHVGAAGS may be related to the release of the GH, VG, AA, and GS fragments, and the binding of peptides to ACE.


The detection of concealed targets beneath a person's clothing from standoff distance is an important task for protection and the security of a person in a crowded place like shopping malls, airports and playground stadium, etc. The detection capability of the concealed weapon depends on a lot of factors likes, a collection of back scattered data, dielectric property and a thickness of covering cloths, the hidden object, standoff distance and the probability of false alarm owing to objectionable substances. Though active millimeter wave systems have used to detect weapons under cloths, but still more attention is required to detect the target likes a gun, knife, and matchbox. To observe such problems, active V-band (59 GHz- 61 GHz) MMW radar with the help of artificial neural network (ANN) has been demonstrated for non-metallic as well as metallic concealed target detection. To validate ANN, the signature of predefined targets is matched with the signature of validated data with the help of the correlation coefficient. The proposed technique has good capability to distinguish concealed targets under various cloths.


Voltage rise is one of the major concerns that limits the photovoltaic (PV) hosting capacity or the maximum amount of PV generation that a distribution circuit can accommodate. This paper examines the effectiveness of low-voltage distribution static compensators (LV-DSTATCOMs) in increasing the PV hosting capacity of distribution circuits by mitigating voltage rise. Stochastic analysis framework is used to determine the PV hosting capacity while an iterative placement technique is used to identify effective device locations. To provide insights on the optimal device size, number, and control settings, sensitivity analysis is carried out. The results show that, with appropriate size and control settings, installation of few LV-DSTATCOMs in a distribution circuit can significantly increase its PV hosting capacity. For the circuit under consideration, a set of 23 devices has increased the PV hosting capacity from 15% to 100% of the median day time peak load.


Ken Eldred is the author of God is at Work (Manna Ventures, 2009) and The Integrated Life (Manna Ventures, 2010), www.integrated-life.org. For over 20 years, he served as CEO of Inmac, a public company he founded. In that capacity, Ken was named Silicon Valley's "Entrepreneur of the Year." He has assisted in the founding of several other successful companies, including Ariba Technologies, which led the Internet business-to-business industry. Ken is currently CEO of Living Stones Foundation and is involved in ventures in the US, China, Europe, and India. "


CHRISTINA BAKKARA. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Acrylic Potassium-co-Chitosan) based Superabsorbent Hydogel by Gamma Irradiation. Supervised by SRI MULIJANI, ARMI WULANAWATI, and ERIZAL. Superabsorbent hydrogel (HSA) is a crosslinked polymer that able to absorb water from hundreds to thousands times of its dry weight, but insoluble in water due to the three-dimensional structure of the polymer network. The purpose of this study are synthesize the HSA poly (potassium acrylate-co-chitosan) by gamma irradiation technique and to characterize. The concentration of acrylic acid neutralization and the best irradiation dose were determined in advance based on the highest swelling ratio and EDS, namely 50% mol KOH and irradiation dose of 5 kGy. These best reaction conditions used for synthesising the HSA poly(potassium acrylate-co-chitosan). HSA with the addition of 0.50 g chitosan showed the highest swelling ratio, namely 194 g/g at 120 min soaking time and EDS of 358 g/g. Chitosan addition decreased the swelling ratio of HSA poly(potassium acrylate-co-chitosan). Soaking in salt solution of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 0.09% b/v decreased the swelling ratio. The HSA poly(potassium acrylateco-chitosan) can be applied in personal care products, such as (pumpers and diapers). Kata kunci: acrylic acid, chitosan, irradiation, superabsorbent hydrogel


The invention to a pharmaceutical preparation progestogen BASED REFERS TO EMPLOYMENT IN HORMONE THERAPY Outplacement for treatment of climacteric fatigue syndrome and post-menopausal osteoporosis. THE MISSION OF THE INVENTION is to enable absorption FREE LOSSES AND QUICKER progestogen RESPECTIVE THROUGH CREATING A NEW PRODUCT. THE SOLUTION UNDER THE invention progestogen LAYING IN A carboxyvinyl polymer neutraliser OR ITS PRODUCTION AND A NARROW FOR ORGAN CONTACT resorptive. INVENTION WITH LOW UTILIZATION OF GELS, DRUG DEPENDENT, TRANSDERMAL THERAPEUTIC SYSTEM, salves and formulations as tablets, dragees and TRANSFORMATION IN THE ORGANISM WHICH GIVES A GEL. WITH COVERING THE INVENTION progestogen dienogest, ACETATE CLOROMADINO, norgestimate, linestrenol, levonorgestrel, CIPROTERONOACETATO, desogestrel, GESTODEM, AND NORESTITERONACETATO. CARBOXIVINILOS polymers are copolymerized OF ONE OR MORE ACRYLIC ESTERS AND EXAMPLE methacryl acid, acrylic, itaconic, crotonic maleic or fumaric acid, wherein the acid moiety is between 2 and 50% preferably 5 to 25%


Growth hormone-Insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(GH-IGF-Ⅰ)axis is one of major regulation factors in animals.This paper reviews the understanding of biological function,molecular structure of GH,GHR and IGF-I,and research of its in mink.


P-n junctions have been made by diffusing zinc into n-type gallium arsenide single crystals containing copper. The current voltage characteristics, light emission and capacitance of the diodes have been measured at 300°K and 77°K. The generation recombination current Jgr and the integrated light intensity L measured by an S-I response photomultiplier depend on Vj as exp (qVj/nkT) with n≥2 and exp (qVj/nkT) with n≥1 respectively, where Vj is the applied voltage minus the voltage across the \varPi layer. The observed voltage dependence of Jgr and L can be explained by assuming that the junctions have the P\varPiN structure as a result of redistribution of copper during the zinc diffusion and that for the junctions with wide \varPi layer, electron concentration at the P\varPi boundary and hole concentration at the \varPiN boundary are kept at thermal equilibrium values even if the junctions are forward biased.


The enthalpies of interaction of ribose, arabinose, lyxose, xylose, glucose, mannose, galactose, talose and allose with CaCl2 and KCl have been determined in water at 298.15 K. From the free energies of interaction determined previously, the corresponding entropies have been calculated and an enthalpy–entropy compensation has been observed. The pair interaction parameters can be corrected for the anion–sugar interaction and for the non-specific cation–sugar interaction by comparing the Ca2+–sugar interactions either with the interactions between the non-complexed cation K+ and the same sugar or with the interactions between Ca2+ and an inactive epimer of the studied sugar. For the sugars that have specific interactions with Ca2+, namely ribose, talose, and allose, this allows the thermodynamic properties for the reaction of association of Ca2+ with the ' complexing ' sequences of hydroxyl groups to be estimated as : ΔRG⊖≈– 2 kJ mol–1, ΔRH⊖≈– 17 kJ mol–1 and TΔRS⊖≈– 15 kJ mol–1.


This paper examines techniques that have evolved for specifying user requirements definition during systems development. It concentrates on potential impacts of applying total quality management (TQM) principles to the user requirements phase of the system development life cycle. TQM methodologies have been successful in many arenas. There are high expectations that TQM can also improve the quality of the most critical aspect of systems development, that is, defining user requirements.


There is overwhelming evidence that wind turbines cause serious health problems in nearby residents, usually stress-disorder-type diseases, at a nontrivial rate. The bulk of the evidence takes the form of thousands of adverse event reports. There is also a small amount of systematically gathered data. The adverse event reports provide compelling evidence of the seriousness of the problems and of causation in this case because of their volume, the ease of observing exposure and outcome incidence, and case-crossover data. Proponents of turbines have sought to deny these problems by making a collection of contradictory claims including that the evidence does not "count," the outcomes are not "real" diseases, the outcomes are the victims' own fault, and that acoustical models cannot explain why there are health problems so the problems must not exist. These claims appeared to have swayed many nonexpert observers, though they are easily debunked. Moreover, though the failure of models to explain the observed problems does not deny the problems, it does mean that we do not know what, other than kilometers of distance, could sufficiently mitigate the effects. There has been no policy analysis that justifies imposing these effects on local residents. The attempts to deny the evidence cannot be seen as honest scientific disagreement and represent either gross incompetence or intentional bias.


The thermal transition of Nafion is studied using a molecular dynamics simulation through a chemically realistic model. Static and dynamic properties of polymer melts with different water contents are investigated over a wide range of temperatures to obtain viscometric and calorimetric glass transition temperatures. The effect of cooling rate of the simulation on the glass transition of the hydrated polymer is also examined within the well-known Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equation. Variation of relaxation times versus temperature shows a fragile-to-strong transition. The hydration level has a significant impact on the static and dynamic properties of the polymer chains and water molecules confined in nanometric spaces between polymer chains. The results of this study are useful to predict the behavior of Nafion for various applications including fuel cells, sensors, actuators, and shape memory devices at different temperatures. VC 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 907–915


Turbofan engines are known as the heart of the aircraft, as important equipment of the aircraft, the health state of the engine determines the aircraft's operational status. Therefore, the equipment monitoring and maintenance of the engine is an important part of ensuring the healthy and stable operation of the aircraft, and the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of the engine is an important part of it. The monitoring data of turbofan engines have a high dimension and a long time span, which brings difficulties to predicting the remaining useful life of the engine. This paper proposes a residual life prediction model based on Autoencoder and temporal convolutional network (TCN). Among them, Autoencoder is used to reduce the dimension of the data and extract features from the engine monitoring data. The obtained low-dimensional data is trained in the TCN network to predict the remaining useful life. The model mentioned in this article is verified on the NASA public dataset(C-MAPSS) and compared with common machine learning methods and other deep neural networks. The experimental results show that the model proposed in this paper performs best in the evaluation methods, and this conclusion has important implications for engine health.


ABSTRACT The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) scale and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) are among the most widely used instruments for assessing childhood maltreatment, yet the convergent validity and concordance of their maltreatment subscales has only been examined in one previous non-U.S. study. This study represents the first replication and extension study to address the strengths and weaknesses of relying on the five-item ACEs maltreatment scale versus the 28-item CTQ. Participants were 77 low-income, ethnically-diverse women (M = 29.19, SD = 6.55, range = 18–44 years; 34% Latina, 24% White, 22% African-American, 20% biracial/multiracial/other; 18% Spanish-speaking) who completed the ACEs scale during pregnancy and the CTQ at three months post-partum. We hypothesized that total childhood maltreatment scores and maltreatment subtypes would be significantly associated, indicating concordance across instruments. We also conducted sensitivity and specificity analyses to determine the extent to which ACEs maltreatment subtypes correctly predicted corresponding CTQ subtypes and performed exploratory analyses on minimization/denial (MD) and inconsistent responding across instruments. Results supported generally good convergent validity of total childhood maltreatment and most subtype scores across instruments. Sexual abuse had the highest sensitivity and specificity, while physical neglect was most prone to underreporting on the ACEs scale. A small subset of women were characterized by high MD, reflecting tendencies to minimize their maltreatment histories across both instruments and also report significantly lower contemporaneous depression and PTSD symptoms than women with low MD. This study informs strengths and tradeoffs of two well-known instruments for assessing retrospectively-reported childhood maltreatment in low-income, vulnerable populations.


The aim of the study was to assess which aspects of an enhanced recovery programme are associated with better outcomes following laparoscopic colorectal surgery.


With the rapid development of information technology, various resources, including computing, network, storage and application, generally present the trend of servitization. In order to plan these resources dynamically in a short time according to the task requirement and allocate them properly, this paper propose an adaptive dynamic resource composition model which can realize fast searching and matching of resources through automatic classification of resources based on type, Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) planning to implement the task planning and resource allocation algorithm to implement the resource allocation. We design a task resource intelligent planning system with a specific scenario to verify our theory and method.


In this paper, we explore a behavioral animation of artificial birds that have lived by doing an aggregate motion. We first model individual birds and then propose a behavioral model for an aggregate motion of a flock of birds. In order to represent realistically collision avoidance and flock centering among birds, which are necessary properties in a flock of birds, we consider motive of a flock of birds, and role, velocity, momentum, banking and internal characteristics of each bird. The paper presents the simulation result of the proposed model for a flock of 100 birds.


1. Production in Modern Radio and Online Audio Media. Part I: AUDIO FUNDAMENTALS. 2. Sound and Microphones. 3. Consoles. 4. Playback and Recording Technology. 5. Editing. Part II: RADIO FUNDAMENTALS. 6. Recorded Program Production. 7. Live, On-Air Production. 8. Computer-Driven Technology. Part III: AURAL COMMUNICATION. 9. Achieving an Effect. 10. Drama and Dramatic Elements in Radio. 11. Writing for the Ear. Part IV: SPECIALIZED PRODUCTION. 12. Commercial Production. 13. News Production. 14. Remote and Sports Production. 15. Advanced Production: Multichannel, Music, and Special Effects. Part V: The Business of Radio-Legacy and New Media Models. 16. Production, Programming, and the Modern Format. 17. Radio and the New Digital Infrastructure. 18. Mobile Radio and the Battle for the Dashboard. 19. Entrepreneurial Radio. 20. Ethics and the Communication Professional.


This study examined attributes of parenting that are associated with juvenile delinquency and the related differential life experiences of youth with and without a parental incarceration history. Among 1,112 juveniles, 31% had a parental history of incarceration. Bivariate analysis indicated support for three hypotheses: (a) parents who have experienced incarceration will exhibit lower levels of effective parenting and greater association with factors that can impede their parenting abilities, namely substance abuse and mental illness; (b) youth who have parents with an incarceration history will be more likely to have experienced negative effects of ineffective parenting, namely abuse and out of home placement; and (c) youth with a parental incarceration history will have longer and more serious delinquent histories of their own. Through binary logistic regression analysis, support was not found for the fourth hypothesis that history of parental incarceration predicts delinquent behavior.


Direct decomposition of water is very difficult to achieve in normal conditions. Hydrogen gas can be usually obtained by electrolysis and a pyrolysis reaction at high temperatures above 3700 degrees Celsius. However, as we have already reported, anomalous heat generation during plasma electrolysis is relatively easy to obtain under the right simultaneous conditions of high temperature and electrolysis. In this paper we discuss the anomalous amount of hydrogen and oxygen gas generated during plasma electrolysis. The generation of hydrogen in amounts exceeding Faraday's law is continuously observed when the conditions such as temperature, current density, input voltage and electrode surface are suitable. Non-Faradic generation of hydrogen gas is sometimes 80 times higher than the gas from normal electrolysis. Excess hydrogen has proved difficult to replicate by other laboratories, although we are able to reproduce it regularly. Key word: plasma electrolysis, pyrolysis, hydrogen generation, current efficiency


This study tries to find and manifest various phenomena involved with hosting of 2002 FIFA World Cup. Authors adopted content analysis, analyzing contents of newspaper articles of the time. They collected major newspapers' articles related to the World Cup published from May 30th to July 5th 2002. Authors found that the 2002 FIFA World Cup revealed the ways of Korean lives well. The World Cup event is thought upheaved Korean spirit, pride, and national image through millions of voluntary supporters' involvement. One might say that Korean people experienced self-actualization and international relations were consolidated through this monumental occasion. The findings are hoped contributing to establish the post-world cup strategies and similar mega-event planning.


The nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the 987P fimbrial subunit and its flanking regulatory regions has been determined. Mature fimbrial subunits are composed of 171 amino acid residues yielding a molecular mass of 17184; subunit procursor molecules contain a 21- or 23-amino acid signal sequence.


Evaluation of SEVA TB ELISA using cocktail of mycobacterial antigens ES-31 and EST-6 (containing ES-38 and ES-41 ) and their specific antibodies in diagnosis of suspected cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Detection of circulating free and immune complexed antigen to specific antibodies by sandwich ELISA and antibody to cocktail of antigens ES-31 and EST-6 by indirect ELISA and was carried out in clinically suspected cases of extra pulmonary tuberculosis during a period of six months. Absence of antigen and antibody is considered as negative ELISA. 146 suspected cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were screened by SEVA TB ELISA on request by clinicians. 112 cases out of 146 showed negative ELISA test out of which 108 cases were not recommended ATT. The test showed 96% corelation with ELISA negativity and no ATT treatment. Further four cases showing ELISA negativity were advised ATT. These cases need follow up for the development of TB disease or effectiveness ATT of treatment in context to clinical relief. This study showed usefulness of SEVA TB ELISA as a adjunct test for ruling out TB in clinically suspected cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.


Linear decoupling controllers of proportional derivative (PD) type are considered for natural and robotic systems operating under holonomic constraints. The dynamic system must be decomposed into orthogonal subspaces of motion and constraint. The incremental motion of the system along the two hyper-planes must be stable. Decoupling controllers, including both non-interacting and disturbance decoupling types, are parameterized using a single matrix parameter. The proof of stability is based on Lyapunov function approach.


The methods of electron impact spectroscopy were applied to gain information about the triplet states of the SO2 molecule. The present studies indicate hitherto undetected triplet excitations at around 4.9, 7.8, 9.3 and 10.5 eV. The angular distribution of the scattered electrons is consistent with a a 1B1 assignment at 3.4 eV and also shows that triplet excitation(s) is present in the 4.4 eV (A 1B1) region. The high-energy, low-angle spectrum yielded relative optical absorption coefficients which, when normalized to the optical data at 200 nm, agree well with previous optical measurements in the 320 to 96 nm range. In the present work the absorption coefficients were extended down to 50 nm.


Background: Due to the increasing number of covid 19 cases, HCWs must use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as N95 masks, latex gloves, and protective clothes due to the significant infectivity of COVID-19, which may cause unpleasant skin responses.
Materials and Methods: The Demographic data of 89 individuals, duration of work in covid facilities, history of skin pre-existing skin disease, information about personal protective kit used that is a type of mask used ( N95 with ear strap or head strap, FFP2, cloth mask, surgical mask), type of gloves used (nitrile, latex, rubber, plastic), frequency of hand washing and frequency of use of hand sanitizer and any adverse skin reaction seen by their use was collected from a participant who fulfilled the inclusion criteria by the distribution of questionnaires.
Results: Out of 89 individual, 73 individual showed adverse skin reactions to the use of mask, including nasal bridge scarring (10.11%), facial itching (19.10%), skin damage (4.49%), dry skin (12.36%), and rash (8.99%), acneiform eruption (7.87%), indentation and ear pain (11.24%). Facial itching was the most common adverse skin reaction in individuals using masks. Dry skin (28.08%) and Itching (17.97 %) were common adverse skin reactions. Twenty-nine individuals experienced adverse skin reactions to the use of PPE. The most common skin reactions were dry skin (12) and itching (10).
Conclusion: Due to the long-term use of PPE, masks, gloves, and adverse skin reactions, healthcare workers are prone to adverse skin reactions; a proper suggestion made that the use of cloth mask under N95 OR FFP2 mask can help reduce such adverse reactions.


Structures of KGM treated in two high-voltage pulse electric fields were characterized by infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and so on.The results showed that intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions of KGM were reduced after being treated with high-voltage pulse electric field,but there was no significant effect on its fiber chain form and thermal characteristics.Results of the study can provide a useful reference for further study on the structure and property of KGM,and especially can provide theoretical basis for the effect of physical field on the foodstuff deep processing related to KGM.


The paper investigates and analysis on current condition of city migrate worker participating in sports in Henan Province through literatures and investigating.The result shows that the young migrate workers are the majority,the main educational level of them is the middle school,only a handful of people is to participate in sports together with the fellow townsman and fellow worker.The sports that the Migrant workers often participating in are walking,running and body-building in streets and residential areas,are and parks streets and public square.The factors affecting migrate worker participating in sports are: the working is heavy,both time and energy are short,and sports technical ability and sports space,sports equipment are short.


The low-J rotational transitions of 12CO are commonly used to trace the distribution of molecular gas in galaxies. Their ratios are sensitive to excitation and physical conditions in the molecular gas. Spatially resolved studies of CO ratios are still sparse and affected by flux calibration uncertainties, especially since most do not have high angular resolution or do not have short-spacing information and hence miss any diffuse emission. We compare the low-J CO ratios across the disk of two massive, star-forming spiral galaxies NGC 2903 and NGC 3627 to investigate whether and how local environments drive excitation variations at GMC scales. We use Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the three lowest-J CO transitions at a common angular resolution of 4″ (190 pc). We measure median line ratios of $R_{21}=0.67^{+0.13}_{-0.11}$, $R_{32}=0.33^{+0.09}_{-0.08}$, and $R_{31}=0.24^{+0.10}_{-0.09}$ across the full disk of NGC 3627. We see clear CO line ratio variation across the galaxy consistent with changes in temperature and density of the molecular gas. In particular, toward the center, R21, R32, and R31 increase by 35%, 50%, and 66%, respectively compared to their average disk values. The overall line ratio trends suggest that CO(3-2) is more sensitive to changes in the excitation conditions than the two lower-J transitions. Furthermore, we find a similar radial R32 trend in NGC 2903, albite a larger disk-wide average of $\langle R_{32}\rangle =0.47^{+0.14}_{-0.08}$. We conclude that the CO low-J line ratios vary across environments in such a way that they can trace changes in the molecular gas conditions, with the main driver being changes in temperature.


The aim is to test whether adding a simple physical test such as walking speed (WS) to the neuropsychological assessment increases the predictive ability to detect dementia.


Legal culture is closely connected with the social organization of society and is largely determined by the state and level of legal consciousness of people. The critical state of legal consciousness is one of the indicators of a low level of legal culture. It is well known that legal culture implies knowledge of the basic principles of law, awareness of the fundamental provisions of the current legislation and the ability to apply them. The lack of a legal base for the most important social relations, as well as the necessary knowledge of the most important legal norms, the provisions of the current legislation among subjects or citizens leads to the fact, that they cannot exercise their rights, without knowing about their rights and obligations, they will not be able to protect their legitimate interests. This article deals with the legal culture of ancient Azerbaijan, namely the Zoroastrian ideology, which is directly related to the formation of legal consciousness and political and legal culture of people living in this territory. The issues of the influence of the Zoroastrian religious and legal doctrine not only on the legal life of the inhabitants of this ancient land, but also on the formation of subsequent religious and philosophical and legal ideological trends in Azerbaijan are considered.


The fragmentation of the system /sup 40/Ar+/sup 58/Ni into three heavy nuclei is studied at 15 MeV/nucleon bombarding energy. The kinematic quantities Z,E,p of the fragments are completely measured by three large ionization chambers. Employing a correlation analysis on the fragment momenta p, the fragmentation mechanism is shown to be a fast process. The data are in agreement with the assumption of a prompt breakup process competing with sequential fission, the latter being strongly influenced by the Coulomb residual interaction.


Caulis Lonicera caprifoliaceae plant for dry stems and branches contains organic acids,volatile oils,flavonoids,terpene three active components such as saponins,chemical composition and pharmacological action of similar and honeysuckle.Caulis Lonicera is commonly used Chinese traditional medicine,with Qingrejiedu,Sanjie swelling,dispelling wind and activating effect.


In this study, we evaluated chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) under two extreme 13 illumination conditions at plant scale with a passive spectroradiometer. Fluorescence (F) was 14 estimated by reading directly from radiance spectra of a variety of plants illuminated with 15 light-emitting diode (LED) grow lights in the laboratory. Solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) was 16 estimated from spectral measurements of the same plants under sunlight using the Fraunhofer 17 Line Depth (FLD) method. Chlorophyll fluorescence yield (Fyield) and solar-induced fluorescence 18 yield (SIFyield) were calculated by normalizing F and SIF with absorbed photosynthetically active 19 radiation (APAR). Two approaches to estimating APAR were compared: utilizing white reference 20 spectra and reflected spectra versus white reference spectra combined with the fraction of absorbed 21 photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR) derived from literature. Average F and SIF were 22 different by a factor of approximately twenty-four (F = 0.110 ± 0.038 Wm−2μm−1sr−1 versus SIF = 2.60 23 ± 1.87 Wm−2μm−1sr−1). In contrast, the average normalized values Fyield and SIFyield were within the 24 margin of error of one another (Fyield = 0.022 ± 0.008 μm−1sr−1 and SIFyield = 0.030 ± 0.020 μm−1sr−1). This 25 study highlights the influence of APAR on CF and the importance of properly accounting for it 26 when estimating yield and demonstrates the ability of two simple and portable experimental 27 setups with a passive instrument to obtain fluorescence metrics. 28


The oysters namely, Crassostrea gryphoides, C. madrasensis, C. belcheri and Ostrea nomades, examined in the present study for allometric growth, were found to exhibit negative allometry with greater increase in their heights as compared to their lengths and widths. Due to irregular growth in different shell dimensions low coefficients of correlation were observed.


In this paper, a novel VDMOSFET structure, which realizes the small gate charge without significantly degrading specific on-resistance, is proposed. The new structure features the formation of the maximum removal gate electrode portion incorporating with the additional n-type implanted layer and the p-type implanted layer at the surface of the n-epitaxial layer. Reduction of the gate charge results in an improvement of switching performance. The gate charge density Q/sub Gd/ and the figure of merit (FOM) of the new VDMOSFET are reduced by 62 percent and 56 percent compared with those of the conventional device, respectively.


With the rapid development of small-town economy,traffic problems become more and more prominent,Reasonable transportation organizations has a crucial role for its development.Based on the analysis of the indexes of trips,travel time,purpose and mode,peak hours with the survey data of Shuitoutown in 2011.The conclude can give a reference for the development of Shuitou Town and the policy formulation.


Scrubbing is widely used in biomass gasification plants for tar removal. However, the cost of the scrubber liquid and its disposal once used can represent a non-negligible part of the plant operating cost. It is possible to lower this cost by regenerating and reusing the scrubber liquid by removing ash and heavy tars with the help of a centrifuge. Data from the two biomass gasification plants Hortlax (Sweden) and Oberwart (Austria) was used for preliminary centrifuge evaluations and a techno-economic study. The results show that installing a centrifuge for scrubber liquid regeneration would be of great benefit in Hortlax but not in Oberwart. A techno-economic study made for two different centrifuges with different capacities (7 m3/h and 20 m3/h respectively) combined with variations in investment cost and scrubber liquid prices showed that the scrubber liquid consumption in Hortlax could be lowered from 85 to 15.7-40.7 l/MWhelectricity for the 7 m3/h centrifuge and 6.2-20.5 l/MWhelectricityfor the 20 m3/h centrifuge. This corresponds to annual savings of 2.3-6 MSEK and 4.5-6.5 MSEK respectively. The payback time for the smaller centrifuge was estimated to 0.5-1.6 years and 0.7-1.3 years for the larger centrifuge. (Less)


In recent years, industrial production and national defense modernization have put forward higher requirements for the performance of sensors. The research and development of high-performance new sensors has attracted more and more attention. For gas sensing, the development of high performance and low-cost medium-wave infrared detectors at high operating temperature or even room temperature is one of the main development directions in the future. In recent years, HgCdTe, quantum well and antimonide infrared detectors have been the research hotspots of mid-wave infrared detectors. They have their own characteristics in device physics and device performance, and have their own advantages in gas detection applications. This paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of three kinds of mid-wave infrared detectors, and introduces the research status and development.


A polarization insensitive 2×2 optical switch was fabricated with liquid crystal–polymer composite by means of holography. The highest diffraction efficiency achieved was 85.7%. The rise time and the decay time measured were 36 and 160μs, respectively, at an applied electric field of 18.2V∕μm. The polarization-dependent loss was 0.03dB measured for s- and p-polarized light at the wavelength of 632.8nm.


The Year in Review in asthma was presented by Dr. Akshay Sood from the University of New Mexico, featuring several high profile articles published over the last year. Of particular interest, favorable phase 3 data were presented supporting the use of reslizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against IL5, in the treatment of moderate-to-severe asthma in patients with blood eosinophil counts greater than 400 cells per microliter (1). Patients receiving reslizumab had fewer asthma exacerbations over 1 year than patients receiving placebo in two duplicate studies published as a single manuscript. Reslizumab was approved earlier this year in the United States for the treatment of severe asthma.


There were several significant findings. Students with poorperformance in the written mid-term year 2 paper were up to 16 times more likely to remain at this level in later assessments than to improve their grades. Poor performance in both the year 3 and year 4 clinical OSCEs predicted similar grades in the final year clinical exam. Ability to predict future essay achievement was less convincing, attributed by the authors to the task variability of these assessments in their University. Moreover, male gender predicted poorer performance.


Objective To investigate the correlation between social relational quality and hope among patients with permanent colostomy. Methods Eighty-six patients with permanent colostomy were recruited from a tertiary level first class hospital from July to December,2012 in Guangzhou. They were investigated with the Social Relational Quality Scale(SRQS) and Herth Hope Index(HHI). Results The total scores of social relationship quality and hope were 49.42±4.98 and 38.52±4.64,respectively. Scores of the total scale and the factors of social relationship quality and hope were positively correlated(r=0.324~0.680). Conclusion Positive correlation exists between social relational quality and hope among patients with permanent colostomy. It is suggested to give the patients hope and encourage their families to provide more support for better acceptance and adjustment.


The progress in study of the mechanical properties of monocrystalline silicon have been reviewed. By means of tensile tests at high temperature, bending strength and indentation, it is found that the mechanical properties of silicon mainly depend on surface states, dislocations and impurities. The upper yield strength and bending strength decrease with the damage on surface, as well as the generation and movement of dislocations. However, through pinning dislocations, the impurities can strengthen the mechanical properties of crystal silicon.\;


In the language of e-learning, teaching and learning contents are often organized in 'learning objects': molecular assets that may consist of texts, audio or video lessons, presentations, tutorials, self-evaluation tests, all adequately described and packaged. The idea that open access could and should be applied to learning materials is not new: recent initiatives such as MIT's OpenCourseWare or Open University's OpenLearn are clearly moving toward the right direction. However, the problem of the repositories to be used in order to collect, describe, preserve and distribute open access learning assets is still an open one. Learning Content Management Systems (LCMS) are the tools of choice in centralized management of learning assets, but while most LCMS adopt well-established standards for metadata (Learning Object Metadata – LOM) and packaging (SCORM) of learning objects, few of them explicitly address the problem of metadata harvesting by adopting the OAI-PMH protocol. On the other hand, most institutional repositories based on OAI-PMH do not address the specific problem of learning content metadata, for which the Dublin Core metadata scheme is painfully inadequate. The optimal solution seems therefore that of integrating basic LCMS features within existing Open Archives, allowing for both CD and LOM metadata handling and harvesting. This would also have the effect of actively promoting open access distribution for learning contents, by using a widespread and successful paradigm for their distribution. The paper will suggest a relatively simple model for such an integration.


ion with John Conway's surreal numbers theory in 1976. Thanks to Conway's work, combinatorial games became a separate branch of mathematics and computer science. Nowadays, combinatorial game theory is a branch of mathematics, which links up mathematics (graph theory, set theory), computer science (game programming, artificial intelligence) and education. Being familiar with the history and the mathematical development of Nimlike games has a double interest: on one hand, it provides material to set up interdisciplinary activities (required in the French new curriculum) that combine history, mathematics and computer science. On the other hand, playing Nim-like games in order to solve them (finding a winning strategy) places students in an epistemic approach through a singular experimental situation in which the required knowledge Figure 1 Example of an initial position of the Nim game: three rows containing respectively 7, 5 and 3 matches. 130 NAW 5/18 nr. 2 juni 2017 The use of games and their history to improve secondary school students' skills Lisa Rougetet are confident that the strength of games for teaching makes them essential tools for mathematics education, because of the features they share with learning situations in which the student is involved; then he becomes actor of his learning and accepts the responsibility of the knowledge transfer. s different, because it stimulates group work and communication, avoids them from getting discouraged, and can motivate pupils with learning difficulties: wanting to find how to win is a strong pedagogical lever. The game in itself is the environment the pupils act on and with, and the fact that it is fun helps them to learn mathematics. We games perfectly constitute a mathematical activity, as they allow for many fundamental aspects of mathematical activities: discovery phases, conjectures, trial and error, reformulation, proof arguments, et cetera. It is interesting to submit a given position of a game to pupils and to ask them to determine its nature (winning or losing). They can put their ideas to the test and confirm or invalidate their hypothesis by playing directly.12 Besides, as games are often considered more enjoyable than plain mathematical tasks, pupils may be more focused on finding the winning strategy. Using counters in Nim-like games can help, for instance, to better picture the problem and enables a quick representation of a position at any moment of the activity. Action is an essential part of mathematics learning for it gives meaning to the mathematical activity through its experimental dimension. Conclusion Combinatorial games are well-suited for active learning, and improve pupils' personal relationship with mathematics. In this kind of playful activity, pupils' involvement is 1 In general, combinatorial games can be used. In a combinatorial game, there are two players, playing alternately. Usually, there are a finite number of positions and the information is complete — which means both players know what is going on at any moment of the game. There are no chance moves such as rolling dice or shuffling card and generally the player who finds himself unable to play loses. Tic-Tac-Toe, Connect Four and Checkers are examples of combinatorial games. In a combinatorial game there is a strategy — a sequence of moves — that enables one player to win the game whatever his opponent plays. It means that, theoretically, it is possible to know the nature of any arbitrary position in the game (losing or winning) if we assume both players play optimally (in practice, the analysis is more complex, because of the high number of possible positions in most games). 2 With 'know-how' we mean the knowledge, methods and techniques that are the base of all mathematical activity, such as experimentations, doing a particular case study, modeling, construction of proofs and definitions, et cetera. See details in: X. Colipan, Étude didactique des situations de recherche pour la classe concernant des jeux combinatoires de type Nim, Doctoral thesis, Institut Fourier, Grenoble, France, 2014. Retrieved from https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/ tel-01121726/. 3 For instance, few years after Bouton, a Dutch mathematician named Willem Abraham Wythoff (1865–1939) published an article in the Nieuw Archief voor Wiskunde, presenting the following version of Nim: there are only two rows of matches, and at each turn players can remove any number of matches from one row only OR remove the same number of matches in both rows. 4 That is why the position is called a losing position: there exists a winning strategy for the player who has just played, and not for the next player to play. A position is a winning position if there exists a winning strategy for the next player to play. 5 For further details, see X. Colipan, 2014, p. 140, in the context of the geometrical Euclidean game. 6 Actually, things are not so definite: we have found earlier analyzes of combinatorial games in recreational mathematics books from the sixteenth century and thereafter. See, e.g. L. Rougetet, A Prehistory of Nim, in: M. Pitici (ed.), Best Writing on Mathematics 2015, Princeton University Press, 2016, pp. 207-214. 7 G. Brousseau, Théorie des situations didactiques, La Pensée Sauvage, 1998, p. 49. 8 X. Colipan, 2014, p. 36. 9 This approach is not new: the oldest analyzes of games — which we would qualify nowadays as combinatorial — have been found in recreational mathematics books in the sixteenth century. Their main purpose was to tickle curiosity, but also to use a playful dimension to obtain a mathematical result. 10 'Plaisir Maths' is a structure of mathematics popularization, which gather animators, teachers and researchers to create and organize playful and didactical mathematical projects. 11 N. Giroud, Étude de la démarche expérimentale pour les situations de recherche pour la classe, Doctoral thesis, Institut Fourier, Grenoble, France, 2011. Retrieved from https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649159, p. 7. 12 As far as I know, Colipan and the group she worked with during her Ph.D. are the only ones, in France, who experimented combinatorial games in class and published didactical results on it. The federative structure 'Maths à Modeler' (whose aim is to propose workshops to the general public to discover fundamental computer sciences and mathematics) and 'Plaisir Maths' also use combinatorial games in their actions of scientific dissemination. Notes Figure 2 Tic-Tac-Toe is an example of a combinatorial game.


Abstract This study examined the relationships between multifoci workplace aggression by supervisors, coworkers, and customers and employees' work–family conflict (ranked by spouses or closest family members). Furthermore, this study explored how employees' problem-focused coping levels moderate the relationship between multifoci workplace aggression and employees' negative affect, which subsequently influences their work–family conflicts. Data from a sample of 457 working adults and their spouses (or their closest family members) and results showed the direct effects of multifoci workplace aggression on employees' work–family conflict. This research also found that problem-focused coping would weaken the relationship between supervisor/coworker aggression and employees' negative affect. Moreover, the results revealed that the effects of multifoci workplace aggression spilled over into employees' family domain through negative affect and influenced their work–family conflicts (ranked by spouses or closest family members). Finally, a moderated-mediation model used in this study supported the hypothesis that negative affect mediates the interactive effects of multifoci workplace aggression and problem-focused coping on employees' work–family conflicts. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.


The invention relates to an electrode of a biofuel cell or biosensor intended to be immersed in a liquid medium containing a target and an oxidant, respectively, a reducing agent, wherein the anode comprises an enzyme capable of catalyzing the oxidation of a target, and the cathode comprises an enzyme capable of catalyzing the reduction of the oxidant, and wherein each of the anode and cathode electrodes is formed of a solid agglomerate of carbon nanotubes mixed with the enzyme, and is integral with a wire electrode.


The paper makes some experiments on infrared image segmentation of ship object based on the fractal theory and MeanShift filtering.Using MFFK to pick out the region of interest(ROI) can remove large area background noise out of the ROI.Then,getting the binary mask of ROI will suppress the noise of the ROI further.Most of the noises maybe excluded via these two procedures.So using MeanShift filtering can get the distribution points of the target.At last,morphological filtering is adopted to obtain the object ship image.The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can extract the ship object well.


During the Auditory Post-masking experiments,occurred visual stimulation with the auditory task is added.The influence of simultaneous visual stimulation on auditory post-masking is observed,which is reflected in the individual differences.Finally two perspectives explained from the auditory neural mechanisms and cognitive psychology are made.


Web service clustering is an efficient approach to address some challenges in service computing area such as discovering and recommending. To cluster the Web services, we need to filter the similar services. Key operation of filtering process is measuring the similarity of services. There are several methods used in current similarity calculation approaches such as keyword, information retrieval, ontology and hybrid methods. However, these approaches do not consider the context when measuring the similarity. So these approaches failed to capture the semantic of terms, which exist under a certain domain. In this paper, we propose context aware similarity method, which uses search results from search engines and support vector machine. Then, we apply Associated Keyword Space (ASKS) algorithm which is effective for noisy data and projected results from a three-dimensional (3D) sphere to a two dimensional (2D) spherical surface for 2D visualization to filter the services. Experimental results show our filtering approach is able to filter services based on domain and plot the result on sphere. Also our approach performs better than the existing approaches. Further, our approach aids to search Web services by visualization of the service data on a spherical surface.


In this paper, we construct a dynamic portrait of the inner asteroidal belt. We use information about the distribution of test particles, which were initially placed on a perfectly rectangular grid of initial conditions, after 4.2 Myr of gravitational interactions with the Sun and five planets, from Mars to Neptune. Using the spectral analysis method introduced by Michtchenko et al., the asteroidal behaviour is illustrated in detail on the dynamical, averaged and frequency maps. On the averaged and frequency maps, we superpose information on the proper elements and proper frequencies of real objects, extracted from the data base, AstDyS, constructed by Milani and Kneževic. A comparison of the maps with the distribution of real objects allows us to detect possible dynamical mechanisms acting in the domain under study; these mechanisms are related to mean-motion and secular resonances. We note that the two- and three-body mean-motion resonances and the secular resonances (strong linear and weaker non-linear) have an important role in the diffusive transportation of the objects. Their long-lasting action, overlaid with the Yarkovsky effect, may explain many observed features of the density, size and taxonomic distributions of the asteroids.


The bachelor thesis deals with education of mentally retarded persons. There is characterized mental retardation and also described its etiology and prevention. Thesis is also aimed at education and upbringing of mentally retarded persons in education organizations and social care institutes. In the text bellow are described other possible options of social and educational work with disabled persons e. g. therapeutical approach and alternative and augmentative communication.
The aim of bachelor thesis is to compare and analyze pupil's ability and skills before the time they had entranced to the school and present time. Based on this comparison there will be an evaluation of their social evolution.


Objective To explore the psychological and social affecting factors of elder people with depression symptoms in alpine region.MethodTotal 1 800 elder people(over 65 years,living in Hulunbuir all the year) were tested with GDS and self-designed general condition questionnaire,and the diagnosis of depression was according to the standard of CCMD(3rd editon).ResultsThe morbidity of depression in elder people in Hulunbuir city was 31.28%,which was higher than the national elder people morbidity(6%~29.4%).The depression in elder people was related with age,sex,marital status,whither living with their children and whether with body diseases.Conclusion Hulunbuir is cold,where the morbidity of depression in elder people is higher than the mean national elder people morbidity.We should pay attention to the spiritual life of the elder people,and make them have a joyful life.


Abstract : The study examines methods of providing blast resistance for civil defense smokescreen generators. Because the generator contains liquid fuel and an ignition source, it would create a serious fire hazard in an urban environment under nuclear attack. The main effort of this research project was directed toward testing methods for confining the fuel and testing the unconventional components of a smoke generator. Functional tests were performed to assure production of smoke. Blast-resistance testing (up to 10 psi) utilized shock tunnel facilities. Test results show that the blast-hardened smoke generator was operable during and after the passage of a 5-psi blast wave. Fire hazards relative to fuel storage were satisfactorily limited at peak overpressures up to 10 psi. Ordinary fire safety precautions of excluding flames and flammable materials within 20 ft of a hardened smoke generator were found to be sufficient to eliminate the fire hazard. A preliminary cost estimate compares a blast-hardened generator with an unhardened generator. (Author)


A treadmill control system has been designed for biomechanical studies of wheelchair propulsion. An integrating force to speed control system incorporates an algorithm for simulating the mass of a wheelchair and its rolling resistance. The system has been shown to provide a more realistic simulation of real wheelchair propulsion than the conventional method of using a fixed treadmill speed.


Salmonella, part of the Enterobacteriaceae family, are gram-negative, nonencapsulated, flagellated, facultative anaerobic, nonlactose fermenting bacilli that infect small intestinal epithelial cells. Pediatricians need to be familiar with the clinical features, epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and prevention of 3 distinct salmonellosis syndromes: nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) gastroenteritis, NTS extraintestinal disease, and typhoidal Salmonella (TS) enteric fever. NTS infections are a worldwide common cause of gastrointestinal disease in immunocompetent individuals, whereas extraintestinal disease from NTS occurs predominantly in infants and other high-risk populations. TS are the cause of enteric (typhoid and paratyphoid) fever, a systemic disease with significant mortality and morbidity in developing countries. NTS are a common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, with 153 million cases leading to 57,000 deaths reported annually. In the United States, NTS cause 1.2 million illnesses and 450 deaths annually, with the highest incidence in children younger than 5 years. Most human NTS infections come from 2 serotypes of Salmonella enterica: Enteritidis and Typhimurium. NTS have a wide range of reservoirs and hosts, including humans, poultry, reptiles (turtles, lizards, snakes, iguanas), and amphibians (frogs, salamanders, newts). Themajor mode of transmission is by ingestion of contaminated animal food products. Other modes of transmission are contact with colonized animals, consumption of contaminated water and nonanimal food products, and fecal-oral spread. The most common sources of infection in the United States are chickens and eggs. Incubation is typically 6 to 12 hours (range, 6–72 hours). Immunocompetent individuals typically experience self-limited acute gastroenteritis with nausea, emesis, abdominal pain, fever, and watery, nonbloody diarrhea lasting less than 10 days. Some infected individuals can experience bloody diarrhea, whereas some may be asymptomatic. Extraintestinal disease, including bacteremia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, pneumonia, and cholangitis, can occur, especially in high-risk populations and those infected with more virulent NTS serotypes. Individuals at higher risk for extraintestinal disease include infants, the elderly, those with compromised immune systems, and those with decreased stomach acidity. Patients with sickle cell disease are at increased risk for Salmonella osteomyelitis due to impaired splenic function and areas of bone infarction. Bacterial fecal shedding can continue for up to 12 weeks, especially in children younger than 5 years and in those treated with antibiotic drugs. Enteric fever caused by TS is a severe illness with significant rates of morbidity and mortality in many parts of the developing world, with an estimated 31 million cases leading to more than 215,000 deaths worldwide annually. In the United States, enteric fever is rare, with approximately 400 cases annually, and is typically associated with international travel. TS species known to cause enteric fever are Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi, both with exclusive human AUTHOR DISCLOSURE Drs Worsena, Miller, and King have disclosed no financial relationships relevant to this article. This commentary does not contain a discussion of an unapproved/investigative use of a commercial product/device.


High power visible semiconductor laser diodes are reported at wavelengths ranging from 620 nm to 690 nm. Broad area laser diodes exhibit peak cw output powers of 3.8 W from a 250 micrometers aperture at 688 nm and > 1 W cw at 636 nm from a 100 micrometers aperture. Monolithic 1 cm arrays with a 24% filling factor provide output powers of 30 W cw at 687 nm. Single mode lasers in the 620 nm wavelength band emit > 50 mW and operate at temperatures up to 80 degree(s)C.


Salmonella is one of the most important food-borne pathogens. Each year a high number of cases as well as outbreaks of Salmonella in humans are reported (EFSA, 2011). Despite the fact that Salmonella can cause disease in pigs mainly associated to infections by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Cholerasuis, the importance of swine salmonellosis is related to human infections caused by pork products. During the nineties and the first years of the present century it was estimated that 10% of the human salmonellosis cases were attributed to pork products (Hald et al., 2004), classically categorized as the third most common source of human infections after poultry and turkey meat. Nevertheless with the implementation of control programs in avian production with the subsequent prevalence reduction, the role of pork products have been enhanced and nowadays it is the second most common source of human salmonellosis after laying hens (Pires et al., 2011). Regarding swine salmonellosis, control programs are not compulsory at the moment but the EU Regulation 2160/2003 has established the need for developing proper and effective measures to detect and control Salmonella at all relevant stages of pork production chain and particularly at the primary production level in order to reduce the prevalence and the risk that Salmonella poses to public health (EU Regulation 2160/2003). From our point of view, Salmonella control should start at the end of the pork production chain (slaughterhouses and finishing farms) and go back to the first steps of the production system (breeding herds and feed suppliers). The compulsory or voluntary Salmonella control programmes that have already been established in several European countries base their Salmonella evaluation on serological and carcass microbiological contamination results principally (Alban et al., 2002; Nielsen et al., 2001). At the farm level, these control programmes include the implementation of specific measures to reduce the Salmonella prevalence in those herds identified as highly contaminated according to their serological results.


Current technological development has led to the use of wireless networking technology known as wireless networks have been widely used. The wireless network is a network that uses radio waves to be able to perform the operation between the computer unit. One that affects the user in using these wireless networks is the coverage. As more users in a campus environment Gunadarma University wireless network that uses this facility, so we need some observations about its reach so that users can make an internet connection with wireless networks well and can find the best distance at the time. connecting.


The increasing growth at this time required the company to improve quality and participation in the effort not to be left behind by another company. Beside of knowing the company's results have been achieved, then the required financial reports from the relevant companies to provide information for the parties concerned included corporate management, investors, creditors, or others. Some companies make up the financial statements, in addition to the above financial statements also report analyzing the source and use of working capital. The report is widely used by financial managers, creditors, and banks. By analyzing the source and use of working capital may be known earlier how a company managed and used of funds available. Every company always used working capital to finance company operations, such as to buy raw materials, office equipment. Payment of wages of working capital which has been used by companies is expected to return within a short period of time via the sale, then the funds will be used for a period of company operations to come. Thus the company's activities will take place.


The pervasive nature of dynamic modern technologies makes it imperative to explore the challenges of enforcing legal deposit in the context of the Internet. This paper seeks to describe the functions of current local legislation in ensuring compliance to legal deposit laws of Zimbabwe. It also seeks to highlight the challenges that the current legal deposit laws face in the context of the open access regime. It will analyse the current legislation for bibliographic compilation in the context of the shifts in the global knowledge landscape. The article explains the weaknesses of the current law with reference to current trends in the legal deposit of multimedia formats. The article also examines how bibliographic control can underpin national development goals with regards to teaching, learning and research. The authors explain how the absence of a print and online version of a national bibliography impact on collection development and scholarly research and explore the challenges of harmonizing print and electronic records in the context of digital divide. Possible ways to utilise modern technologies to capture, process and preserve the records as national heritage in Zimbabwe are suggested.


General grasping is important for decreasing control difficulty. This paper proposes a novel general gripper with multi-layer circular sliding bars, which called the CSB gripper. The CSB gripper has a compact structure, which consists of a base, a motor, the transmission mechanism and the multiple groups of circular sliding bars. The CSB gripper can realize efficient self-adaptive grasping and stably grasping to meet the requirements for industrial production. The grasping force was analyzed for optimization. Based on the structure and kinematic analysis, the CSB gripper is proved to have good grasping performance and much application potential.


It relates inter-thread synchronous communication technology, and more particularly, embodiments of the present invention relates to managing synchronous communication between two or more instruction threads being executed by one or more multi-processor or multiprocessor core. .FIELD 1


Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of dezocine combined with lornoxicam for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in elderly patients undergoing artificial femoral head replacement. Methods Fifty elderly patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for artificial femoral head replacement were randomly assigned to dezocine group (dezocine 15 mg+lornoxicam 16 mg, n=25) and sufentanil group (sufentanil 200 μg, n=25). Drugs were diluted with normal saline to prepare 100 mL solution. Thirty minutes before the end of operation, PCIA pump was set up with a bolus of 2 mL, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) volume 0.5 mL and lockout interval 20 min with a background infusion 2 mL/h. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Ramsay score, PCA frequency and adverse effects were recorded at 1, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h after surgery. Results No patients took tramadol. There was no significant difference in the VAS score or Ramsay score between two groups (all P0.05). The incidence of nausea and vomiting in dezocine group was significantly lower than that in sufentanil group (P0.05). Conclusion Administration of dezocine combined with lornoxicam is effective and safe in postoperative analgesia after artificial femoral head replacement in elderly patients.


Abstract:Increasing interest in the middle class in Africa and the Global South has prompted new discussions of social class since 2010; however, this literature does not adequately theorize migration, despite the role that global flows play in cultivating class aspirations. Migration complicates the concept of social class as a stable identity, in that migrants usually have multiple class statuses across their lifetime and in different social fields and geographic locations. Furthermore, class remains undertheorized within the literature on African migration and migration in general, despite the fact that class-making projects are central to migrants within, into, and out of Africa. The introduction to this special issue contends that migration and social class should be considered together.


A scroll expander was applied to the Micro‐Compressed Air Energy Storage system, and its energy conversion efficiency was investigated. In order to study the variation mechanism of the volume, mass, pressure and temperature of the air in different chambers, the mathematical model of the expansion process was developed on the base of the geometric model, mass conservation equation, ideal gas equation and energy conservation equation. Then, the mathematical model was implemented in Matlab, and the simulated energy conversion efficiency defined as the ratio between the output shaft power of the scroll expander and the input compressed air power was obtained. Furthermore, a test system was built in order to validate the mathematical model and study the improvement of the energy conversion efficiency. The prototypes of the scroll expander with different cross‐sectional areas of the intake port or the discharge port were fabricated and tested in the experiments. Results show that the simulated torque and energy conversion efficiency agree well with the experimental results. Also, there is a small deviation between the expansion process and the ideal isentropic process due to the gas leakage, intake and discharge loss. In addition, the air supply pressure and the cross‐sectional area ratio of the discharge port to the intake port are two important parameters for the improvement of the energy conversion efficiency. The experiments show that the energy conversion efficiency varies from 23% to 36% at the air supply pressure of 0.35 to 0.65 MPa, indicating that it is proportional to the air supply pressure. It can also be concluded from the experiments that when the air pressure is higher than 0.45 MPa, the ideal ratio range can be determined as 0.6‐0.8. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


......................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... v Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 The researcher's interest in the study .................................................................. 1 1.2 Assessment and assessment literacy ................................................................... 3 1.3 Teacher development of assessment literacy ...................................................... 5 1.4 Assessment in the New Zealand context ............................................................. 6 1.5 Significance of research topic ............................................................................. 7 1.6 Research design ................................................................................................... 8 1.7 Structure of thesis ................................................................................................ 9 Chapter 2: Assessment ................................................................................................. 11 2.1 Framing assessment .......................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 International assessment trends ..................................................................... 12 2.1.2 Purposes of assessment ................................................................................. 15 2.1.3 Focusing on the purposes of summative assessment .................................... 20 2.1.4 Quality in summative assessment design and use ......................................... 26 2.1.5 The consequences of summative assessment for teachers and students ....... 40 2.2 Summative assessment in the New Zealand context......................................... 46 2.2.1 The New Zealand school structure and system ............................................. 46 2.2.2 The NCEA qualification system in detail ..................................................... 49 2.3 Assessment literacy ........................................................................................... 58 2.3.1 Defining assessment literacy ......................................................................... 59 2.3.2 Assessment literacy in this study .................................................................. 63 2.4 Summary of assessment and assessment literacy.............................................. 65 Chapter 3: Teacher professional knowledge and assessment literacy development ............................................................................................................................... 67 3.1 Developing as a teacher .................................................................................... 67 3.1.1 Cognitive and sociocultural perspectives in teacher development ............... 67 3.1.2 Place and influence of ITE in teacher development ..................................... 70 3.1.3 Other factors influencing teacher development ............................................ 75 3.1.4 Teacher development over time .................................................................... 83 3.2 Models which include teacher knowledge with a focus on knowledge for science assessment ............................................................................................ 87 3.3 The development of teachers' assessment literacy ........................................... 93 3.4 The development of teacher assessment literacy in the New Zealand context . 99 3.5 Summary of teacher professional knowledge and assessment literacy development .................................................................................................... 101 3.6 Looking across the two chapters: The research questions .............................. 102


. General properties of Z2-graded Lie algebras are studied in this paper. A theorem on simplicity is proved. Results concerning the dependence among the structural properties of an algebra L and its components are obtained. Bibliography: 8 titles.


During the last two decades in Latin America, there has been configurated different kinds of presidentilism that obey the transformations that happen into the systems of the political parties due to the institutional reforms. Those reforms have been given by the electoral setting with the objective of achieve a mayor flexibility in the democratic institutions changing the relationship between the executive and legislative powers caused by the political allies in the multipartisan systems. Taking into account the last decade in Colombia, it makes part of the political cooperation with the raising and consolidation of one alliance which aloud the executive to govern during two terms consecutives. It is pretended during the whole article to analyze the impact level of the executive power in the raising and consolidation of the political alliance of the national issue which established in this country in this country from 2002 to 2010.


This article aims to extend the theory of Lie subgroups and symmetric subspaces for studying an important class of submanifolds of the special Euclidean group $\text{SE}(3)$ whose tangent space at each point on the submanifold relates to that at the identity by an adjoint map. These submanifolds, which we call adjoint-invariant submanifolds in this article, are known in the literature as persistent submanifolds, since they are strictly related to the concept of persistent screw systems. The difference is that in this article, just as Lie subgroups and symmetric subspaces, we put forward adjoint-invariant submanifolds as independent geometric objects from mechanisms and their associated local screw systems. Adjoint invariance relaxes the strict left and right invariance of Lie subgroups and the reflective invariance of symmetric subspaces by allowing generic moving reference frame in the aforementioned adjoint map. It turns out such adjoint invariance can be studied under the framework of distributions on manifolds, which allows us to explore global geometric properties of adjoint-invariant submanifolds. We classify adjoint-invariant submanifolds into reflective-type and product-type submanifolds and derive the conditions for their adjoint invariance. We then propose geometric methods and algorithms for synthesizing the kinematic generators for reflective-type submanifolds, as demonstrated with a number of examples.