This study sought to evaluate the extent to which the SMEs sector has contributed towards the livelihood options of marginalized women in Harare. This group was chosen firstly because women world over have the greatest burden of taking care of the family but are sidelined in the development process as they have limited access to opportunities compared to men preventing them from fending for their families. Focus was put on Harare because past research seems to be mostly biased towards rural women at the expense of urban women. Harare being the capital would represent activities carried out by women in other provinces too. The study focused on an area within town because most women within the sector operate in town. Results indicated women within the sector have become empowered through their participation and their lives have changed for the better showing strategies within the sector seem to have a great significance in their lives. However, women remain limited in certain jobs like Information Technology and Repairs amongst others which also seem to bring better remuneration compared to the areas that the majority of women are involved in.


【Objective】 To explore the effect of silencing CXCR4 on the expression of VEGF in EC9706 and to initially explore the mechanism of CXCR4 on the invasion capability of esophageal carcinoma cell line EC9706 in vitro.【Methods】 RT-PCR were used to analyze the VEGF mRNA expression in EC9706 cells which transfected with two CXCR4 siRNA 48 h,EC9706 cells and EC9706 cells transfected with negative siRNA were used as control.Western blot and immunocytochemistry were used to analyze the VEGF protein expression in EC9706 cells which transfected with two CXCR4 siRNA 48 h,EC9706 cells and EC9706 cells transfected with negative siRNA were also used as control.【Results】 After transfected with two CXCR4 siRNA for 48 h,the results of RT-PCR showed that the expression of VEGF mRNA were decreased greatly than those in the negative control and blank control,and the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05).The results of Western blot showed that CXCR4 siRNA could not only decrease the expression of VEGF mRNA but also could also decrease the expression in the protein level obviously,and the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05).The results of Immunocytochemistry further manifested that CXCR4 siRNA could attenuate the protein expression of VEGF compared with those in the negative control and blank control,and the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05).【Conclusion】 Specific blocking the expression CXCR4 can block the expression of VEGF too,so CXCR4 could probably take part in the invasion and metastasis of ESCC by controlling the expression of VEGF.CXCR4 is hopefully to be new target in cancer's gene therapy.


249Background: Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a master regulator of heat shock response. HSF1 is recently identified to play a multifaceted role in cancer progression. However, the clinical significance and biological effect of HSF1 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between HSF1 expression and clinicopathological factors in IHCC patients after hepatic resection, and its possible mechanism for malignant behavior. Methods: Forty-nine patients with IHCC who undergo hepatic resection were enrolled in this study. HSF1 expressions in tumor tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Patients were divided into two groups, the HSF1 high and low expression group. Clinicopathological factors including prognosis were compared between the high group (n = 20) and low expression groups (n = 29) in tumor tissues. Furthermore, the correlation between HSF1 with Fbxw7 or Ki-67 expressions was also examined. Results: HSF1 expression in tumo...


The climate elasticity of streamflow is an important indicator for quantifying the contributions of climate/underlying surface changes to streamflow, but precipitation intensity and catchment characteristics are usually ignored. In this study, the effects of precipitation amount (P), precipitation intensity (i), potential evapotranspiration (ET0), and multiple catchment characteristics parameters (including parameter n of the Choudhury‐Yang equation and vegetation leaf area index, LAI) on naturalized streamflow were estimated for the Yellow River Basin of China using elasticity of streamflow. The results showed that the naturalized streamflow was most sensitive to ET0, followed by P and i in terms of climate elasticity. The factors responsible for the decrease in naturalized streamflow in 2001–2010 relative to 1961–2000 varied across the basin. Factors i and ET0 played the most important roles in the headwaters and were responsible for 27.0% and −82.7% of the absolute streamflow change. The dominant factors were P (−17.6% to −12.5%), ET0 (−19.2% to −14.4%), and LAI (−22.9% to −14.0%) in the middle‐lower subbasins. The contributions of parameter n and LAI were similar in the headwaters, but the contribution of LAI became relatively large in the downstream. The physical meaning of n, which has not been clearly identified, was discussed in this study. The annual n was correlated well with the sum of evapotranspiration and terrestrial water storage, which represents the water both stored in the ground and evaporated into the air. The findings of this study can provide guidance for the river basin water resource management.


ABSTRACT Mixtures of glass residues, deriving from the plasma processing of municipal solid waste ('Plasmastone'), and recycled glasses have been already converted into highly porous glass-ceramics by application of an inorganic gel casting technique (foaming, by intensive mechanical stirring, of alkali activated slurries) followed by sintering at 1000°C. The full potential of recycled glass, however, has not been disclosed yet. The present investigation, in fact, demonstrates that boro-alumino-silicate glass, from discarded pharmaceutical vials, may allow for sintering of cellular glass-ceramics at particularly low temperature, i.e. at 800°C. The full stabilisation of heavy metals from Plasmastone (already assessed for treatments at 1000°C) is not compromised, whereas the low processing temperatures favour the separation of magnetite, in turn imparting new functionalities (e.g. electromagnetic shielding) to waste-derived glass-ceramic foams.


The characteristic of a new type of metal thick tail bolt is bring forward through the introduction of existent some problems in the use of bolt, the mechanical properties of this bolt are introduced, and the anti-breakdown mechanism of this bolt is mainly researched.


To build a relatively comfortable society completely is one of the important phases of the socialist modernization. Modernization is realized by the modern transform of national cultural resources. Traditional ideals of great harmony and a relatively comfortable life restrain the choice of the ways of the development, which reflects the laboring people's great desire for the ideal society, and which bears the values of advancement. In modern social changes, it echoes the western socialist thought, and paves the way for Chinese socialism. Therefore, in the construction of the socialist modernization, it is also significant.


The fatty acid composition of steryl esters and waxes occurring in sunflower, soybean and tomato seed oil has been studied by a combination of column chromatography, argentation thin layer chromatography and gas liquid chromatography. Argentation thin layer chromatography was applied to separate the steryl ester from the wa fraction of these oils. Long chain fatty acids were found to prevail in both steryl ester and wax fractions. The fatty acid patterns between the steryl esters and waxes of the oils studied were found to differ considerably


A novel octanuclear dysprosium(III) compound, templated by quadruple μ(4)-CO(3)(2-) introduced via spontaneous fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide, shows single-molecule-magnet behaviour with an obvious hysteresis loop detected by a traditional SQUID magnetometer.


The stability of a low-power CMOS three-stage nested Miller compensated (NMC) amplifier is deteriorated by a right-half-plane (RHP) zero. A technique using only one null resistor in the NMC amplifier to eliminate the RHP zero is developed. Both theory and experimental result show that the RHP zero is effectively eliminated by the proposed technique. The NMC amplifier using this technique has about 30% improvement in the bandwidth, slew rate and settling time with an improvement on the phase margin and no increase on the power consumption. Moreover, there is at least 49 dB enhancement on the negative power supply rejection ratio.


The acetylated bamboo flours(ABF) were mixed with polycaprolactone(PCL) by using the Haake rheometer.The microstructure and physical mechanical properties of the composite were studied.Results show that: the ABF/PCL composite prepaired by Haake rheometer owns excellent mechanical properties and good interface compatibilities.When the content of the ABF were 35%,the tensile-strength of the material was 10 MPa and the elongation at break could maintain 400% or above.


The international presence in Transportation Research Board (TRB) activities and meetings, and TRB's partnerships and collaborations with similar research organizations around the world, result from the recognition that shared research and analysis can help address global, common, and local transportation problems productively and effectively. This article looks at the decades of tradition in TRB's outreach and expanding contacts, as well as its multinational perspectives. TRB's new millennium initiatives are examined, including its pursuit and development of international strategic partnerships.


Banana plantlets obtained from tissue culture were moved into plastic tunnels in winter (December to January) and spring (March to April) and hardened under four shade light treatments (S100: 100%, S33: 33%, S10: 10% and S3: 3% of sunlight). Significant differences were observed in fresh or dry stem weight, leaf weight, root weight and total weight under different light intensity conditions. However, different biomass indicators showed different responses. S100 appeared to be optimum for the heeled-in plantlets in winter, and shading inhibited their matter production. In spring, S33 was best for the plantlets and appropriate shading was conducive to their matter production. Different shading treatments also affected the allocation of photosynthate to various organs. The assimilate accumulated in the top of the plants was more in spring than in winter and the root system accumulated more assimilate in winter than in spring.


Let k be a prime and G a Galois field on k:=(0,1,. . .,k-1). The set of all quasilinear (or affine with respect to G) k-valued logic functions is a maximal clone called quasilinear. A family of quasilinear clones on k is semirigid if the clones of the family share exactly the constant functions and the projections. Semirigid sets of quasilinear clones are needed for the classification of bases of k-valued logic, which is unknown for k>3. The authors characterize all semirigid sets of quasilinear clones. In particular, for k=5 they describe all semirigid triples of quasilinear clones and show that no such pair exists. For every prime k>5 they exhibit a semirigid pair of quasi-linear clones. The techniques used are based on elementary number theory and on polynomials over G.<<ETX>>


In the paper the thermal deactivation of chitin deacetylase separated from Absidia orchidis vel coerulea was investigated. Experiments were carried out at a temperature of 50oC up to 24 hours. Three mechanisms of deactivation were tested: irreversible first-order, reversible firstorder, and three-parameters phenomenological model. It was found that the last one gave the best approximation of the deactivation process. The parameters of the model were evaluated and the model was also confirmed by independent experiments.


Considering the main problems existed in the curriculum-design of electrical engineering specialty in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Institute of Shihezi University,in this paper,the thought of establishing basic curriculum group was proposed,which could be used to design the comprehensive curriculum.The research content of comprehensive curriculum design was proposed and the key questions were analyzed.


phrase that each individual reciprocally blocks the assertion of the others' interests, so that , instead of a general affirmation , this war of all against all pro duces a �neral negation. The point is rather that private in terest is itself already a socially determined in terest, which can be achieved only within the conditions laid down by society and with the means pro vided by society ; hence it is bound to the reproduction of these conditions and means. I t is the interest of private persons; but its content as well as the form and means of its realization is given by social conditions independent of all (G , p. 1 56 ; MEW, G, p. 74) . 4. Marx elaborates on this theme elsewhere . When discussing the nature of the capitalist, he says that fanatically bent on making value expand itself, he ruthlessly forces the human race to produce for production's sake ; he thus forces the develop ment of the productive powers of society , and creates those material con ditions, which alone can form the real basis of a higher form of society , a society in which the full and free development of every individual forms the ruling principle (C l , p. 5 5 5 ; MEW, 2 3 , p. 6 1 8 ; see also MEW, 1 9 , p. 1 7 ; MEW, G, p . 7 1 6, and M EW, 3 , p . 424) .


Like most good mysteries, it began on a dark and stormy night. On the morning of Nov. 14, 1995, residents of Butte, Montana, found hundreds of dead snow geese floating in the runoff and groundwater that had flooded a copper mine at the edge of town. A squall the night before had forced an emergency landing. When they were found, burn sores dotted their bodies, and their white feathers were dyed a sickly, jaundiced orange. What happened to the birds wasn't actually a mystery. They'd had the misfortune of landing on the toxic waters filling the remnants of what used to be one of Montana's richest copper mines, the so-called Berkeley Pit. Now a Superfund site, meaning it's designated by the US Environmental Protection Agency for toxic waste cleanup, it was filled with a deadly broth that had a pH (2.5) rivaling that of sulfuric acid. Water bubbling up from


How to measure the degree of government support for economic freedom quantitatively has been one of the issues that is concerned by institute and policy researchers.The paper summarizes views and arguments focusing on the issues,such as the definition of economic freedom,the construct of indictors,and the method to determinate the power of indictors.The author highlights the measurement of Fraser Institute and Heritage Foundation,and proposes suggestions as to apply the index of economic freedom appropriately in empirical research.


The Madonna of San Giorgio alla Costa , painted by Giotto around the end of the 13th century, has been restored after terrorist damage in 1993. Information about the panel, the painting materials, the execution technique, and the conservation was acquired, and a wide range of analytical techniques (including cross sections, radiography, infrared reflectography, electron speckle pattern interferometry) was employed during the restoration, carried out at the Opificio delle Pietre Dure (Florence). The authors discuss historical, critical, and documentary sources related to the painting, and problems resulting from restoration.


Hypothesis / aims of study There is an observed association between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and increased prevalence of urgency urinary incontinence (UI) in older subjects, suggesting a potential role of structural CNS changes in impaired bladder control. Depression has also been shown to have a relationship with WMH burden and urinary incontinence. We sought to investigate the relationship between WMH and severity and impact of UI symptoms. As a secondary analysis, we were interested in the role of depression in this association. We hypothesized that subjects with a higher burden of white matter hyperintensities will have more severe and bothersome urgency urinary incontinence.


Mining engineering visualization means to make it possible that some objects(ore body,wall rock,mining area,road way etc)are shown as figures in screen of computer.Parallel projection possesses the advantage of retain some information of object;but by mono parallel projection many information will be lost.When realizing continuity of projection information,multi-aspect figures can be obtained thus the shortage of mono figure demonstration can be overcome.


Four protease inhibitors are compared: Saquinavir (Invirase, Fortovase), Indinavir (Crixivan), Ritonavir (Norvir), and Nelfinavir (Viracept). Key questions are answered on how dosages change when combined with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and other protease inhibitors. Information on administration and storage and the impact of each drug on disease development are reviewed. Drug interactions between protease inhibitors and other HIV drugs and non-HIV medications are described. Side effects are also discussed. Pediatric use is addressed, including suggested dosages. Contact information for each manufacturer is provided, along with approximate annual price for treatment.


In January 1904 Vilhelm F.K. Bjerknes (1862-1951) published a short paper in German in The journal "Meteorologische Zeitschrift", entitled The Problem of Weather Forecasting from the Standpoint of Mechanics and Physics (Bjerknes 1904a). In this paper Bjerknes introduced hydrodynamics and thermodynamics into meteorology and expressed his vision and programme for weather forecasting (Grønås 2005). This well-known paper is often cited as the beginning of modern weather prediction based on physical principles, i.e. prognosis by computing the change of the state of the atmosphere, diagnosed from observations at synoptic times, using the known conservation laws of momentum, mass and energy (e.g. Lynch 2006). In the same month that his scientific journal paper, Bjerknes wrote an article on the same subject in the Norwegian newspaper Aftenposten, published in three parts over three days. The title was Weather Prediction and the Prospect for its Improvement. The article is about 7000 words, more than twice as long as his paper, and contains some interesting additional points not taken up in the paper, such as the problem of acquiring observations aloft, a discussion of possible future predictability for weather forecasting and the importance of predicting seasonal changes in the ocean circulation using similar methods. We have translated the article from Norwegian (rather Danish, since this language – and gothic letters was used in most Norwegian newspaper at that time). The English version is available at the website of Geofysisk Institutt, University of Bergen (Bjerknes 1904b). In this short paper we summarize the article and make some general comments.


Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The incidence of disease has increased in developed countries and according to world health organization's every day in India more than 20000 people develop the disease and more than 1000 die from TB. As per 2011 census of India Andhra Pradesh is the third largest state. Our data based on 5896 subjects. Among which 47.40% are new sputum positive cases and males were more affected than female. The age groups from 35-44 and 45-54 are more prone TB bacteria. Young children below 14 years are less susceptible. We did not find any TB patients with HIV infection. In the winter Tuberculosis (TB) represents itself as a major health problem globally, data is gathered quarterly because of different incidence in cold seasons. The chi-square test explains no significance difference between age and sex. The Odds Ratio indicates males are 1.47 times more likely to develop tuberculosis than females. In other words, the risk of developing tuberculosis is 0.47 higher for males than females.


The coupling effect between urban PM2.5 concentrations and urban heat island effect has been paid more and more attention to. Previous studies mostly focused on the analysis of data correlations, lacking the interpretation of the formation texture. Taking Hefei as the subject, this study combined the spatial statistical model with the coupling coordination degree model to explore the influence of spatial environment-related indicators on the coupling effect of cities. In addition, at the micro level, the paper used grid unit to verify the relevance and made a comprehensive analysis on the formation texture of coupling effect. The results indicated that: (1) there is a significant coupling effect between the urban heat island intensity and PM2.5 concentrations in the main urban area of Hefei with significant spatial heterogeneity. (2) to some extent, the indicators of urban spatial environment, including vegetated areas, buildings, residential land, commercial land, industrial land, building density, floor area ratio, building form ratio, the densities of road junctions and sub-arterial roads, have different effects on the coupling effect. In general, the higher the degree of human activity, the higher the degree of coupling effect. (3) the coupling effect may be influenced by a variety of spatial environment factors.


In this paper, a novel acoustic surveillance system, that can be used in critical facilities and infrastructures, border security and public premises is introduced. As an application, an acoustic surveillance system that detects gunshots from recorded acoustic signals, and identifies the originating weapon type is selected. Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients, zero crossing rate, spectral percentile, spectral centroid, spectral spread and spectral flatness are used as features in different classifiers, namely, the Gaussian Mixture Models, k-Nearest Neighbor and Support Vector Machines, and their classification performances are compared. The feature space that is composed of features from four different classes is visually analyzed by using the Principle Component Analysis. For gun type identification, the best classification performance of 80% was achieved using the k-NN classifier.


There are two major benefits for 'Green Retrofit'. One is 'Energy cost saving' and the other is 'Building value improvement'. This study analyzes the energy & cost savings due to energy-saving elements technology in Green Retrofit in case of deteriorated office buildings. Analysis of the economic impact and pay-back period to get through this and proposes a Green Retrofit optimization for energy performance improvement through real project cases presented an optimized solution. By the way, 'Energy cost saving' has being actively discussed and studied in the field of architectural engineering. However 'Building value and asset improvement' has rarely been discussed. In this study, introducing a case of the 'Green Retrofit' project applied to exist building among the projects underway since 2014 and suggesting 'Building valuation method' by 'Energy cost saving' after 'Green Retrofit' construction work. This study is one step further than existing studies mainly focused on 'Energy cost saving' and intended to lay the foundation of 'Building valuation method'.


We construct a translating solution to anisotropic curve shortening flow and show that for a given anisotropic factor $g:S^1\to\mathbb{R}_+$, and a given direction and speed, this translator is unique. We then construct an ancient compact solution to anisotropic curve shortening flow, and show that this solution, along with the appropriate translating solution, are the unique solutions to anisotropic curve shortening flow that lie in a slab of a given width and no smaller.


The island of Crete became the major center of the Post-Byzantine icon paintings after the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Cretan painters favored elongated figures, restraint of gesture, and severely stressed highlights, which were fully developed during the 16th and 17th centuries. Portable icons in this style predominated throughout the Greek Orthodox world during this period, and large amount of them were exported to the Western European society as well. One of the main features of Cretan painters is the ability to commend either the traditional style of the late Paleologan period or the Western style drawn from contemporary Italian art. The merchants from Venice and Venetian territory of Greece acted as intermediaries between Cretan painters and Western markets, and Cretan painters developed an eclectic style influenced by several different traditions and aesthetic preferences. According to the archival sources including the inventories of the Greek Confraternity of Venice, these two different styles were described as 'Greek(alla greca)' and 'Western(alla latina)'. Several Cretan painters of the 16th century like Ioannis Permeniatis, Domenikos Theotokopoulos(El Greco), and Michael Damaskinos creatively assimilated the contemporary currents of Italian painting in their works. However, the artistic personality formed of Cretan painters came into conflict with the traditional concept of the Byzantine icon as a liturgical object, rather than a work of art. The need to distinguish the Greek style from the Western or hybrid style became pressing during the Battle of Crete(1645-1669) and the final fall of Candia(modern Heakleion) to the Turks, as the Greeks tried to preserve their national identity through the Orthodox faith and the veneration of traditional Byzantine icons. Such a tendency is clearly shown in the icon collections of the Greek Confraternity of Venice, which was one of the most important communities of the Greek diaspora since its foundation in 1498. The founding of the church of St. George of the Greeks in the second half of the 16th century was a significant event of the whole Orthodox world, as it was the symbol of the preservation of the Greek identity in the crucial period when the Greek nation had disappeared and the Roman church increased its effort to subjugate the Orthodox church under the papal supremacy. Prominent Painters like Damaskinos and Emmanuel Tzanes worked for the icons on the iconostasis of the church of St. George of the Greeks in Venice, and they met the request of the members of the Greek Confraternity of Venice to apply the conservative Greek manner. Emmanuel Tzanes represents the last generation of the flourishing Cretan art who used various models from the early Renaissance to Mannerism painters as well as the traditional Cretan School Painters of the 15th century like Andreas Ritzos. By the end of the 17th century Greek icon painters gradually lost their tendency to creative renewal of the traditional subject and style. Especially those who sought refuge in Venice or other Venetian-ruled Ionian islands became assimilated Italian models, be degrees parted from the Byzantine tradition. Also the Confraternity in Venice ceased to be the pole of attraction for Western artists and customers, a circumstance closely connected with the more general crisis in painting in the mainland of Greece. The reception of Greek icons and Byzantine art in the Western society was also changed. To the Post-Renaissance Western viewers, classical Greece and Post-Byzantine Greece became separated, not only by their different traditions and ideals, but also by the lacking quality of the latter as a norm for their culture.


The intent of this effort is to evaluate the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) for asbestos to determine if it meets applicable DOE, EPA, and OSHA requirements. There are numerous regulations that provide specific guidelines on the management of asbestos waste. An annotated outline for a generic asbestos WAC was developed using the type of information specified by 5820.2A. The outline itself is included in Appendix A. The major elements that should be addressed by the WAC were determined to be as follows: Waste Forms; Waste Content/Concentration; Waste Packaging; and Waste Documentation/Certification.


This article proposes a new configuration of quasi-resonant high-gain high-efficiency single-ended primary inductor converter (QRHGHE-SEPIC)-based dc–dc converter with continuous input current. The presented single-switch topology uses a coupled-inductor (CI), a voltage multiplier integrated with a regenerative passive lossless clamp circuit to enhance the voltage conversion ratio. In the proposed converter, the main power switch turns on at zero current switching. Moreover, by adopting a quasi-resonance (QR) operation between the leakage inductor of the CI and the middle capacitors, the current value of the main switch at turn-off moment is alleviated. In addition, the leakage inductance slows down the turn-off slope of all diodes and hence there is no reverse recovery problem in the proposed converter. Due to soft-switching operation in all switching components, the power dissipations in the converter are significantly alleviated. Thus, the proposed QRHGHE-SEPIC can provide high voltage gain while achieving a high efficiency. Steady-state analysis, comprehensive comparisons with other related converters, and design considerations are discussed in detail. Finally, to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis, a 160 W/200 V sample prototype is demonstrated at the switching frequency of 60 kHz and with voltage gain of 10.


BACKGROUND
Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) have been brought up that substitute for bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), according to the new classification of lung adenocarcinoma. There has been increasing opinions that argues for the adjustment of lymph node disposition in patients with such early stage tumors. Therefore, we sought to overview the prognosis and status of lymph node involvement in AIS/MIA patients.

METHODS
PubMed, Springer and Ovid databases were searched for relevant studies. Data was extracted and results summarized to demonstrate the disposition of lymph nodes in AIS/MIA.

RESULTS
Twenty-three studies consisting of 6,137 lung adenocarcinoma were included. AIS/MIA accounted for 821 of the total 6,137. All included patients received curative surgery. After a review of the summarized data we found that only one patient (with MIA) had N1 node metastasis, N2 disease was not found in any of the included patients. In concordance with this, studies that reported 5-year disease free survival (5-year DFS) have almost 100% rate.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicated that patients with AIS/MIA have good survival prognosis after surgical resection, and that recurrence and lymph node metastasis in these patients is rare. Therefore, we strongly encouraged further studies to determine the role of different lymph node disposition strategies.


Abstract Conclusion: There are several factors that influence the final outcome when treating oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Invasive front phenomena and more importantly their clinicopathological translation can have a direct impact on survival, and subsequently on the decision for an adjuvant treatment. Objectives: In recent years, the concept of tumor–host interaction has been the subject of substantial efforts in cancer research. Tumoral behavior may be better understood when studying the changes occurring at the tumor–host interface. This study evaluated the influence of several clinicopathological features on the outcome of OSCCs. Methods: The clinical records and pathology specimens of 54 patients with OSCC treated by primary resection were reviewed retrospectively. The pathologic features reviewed were: invasive front grading (IFG), stromal reaction, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), margin status, and depth of invasion. Results: High IFGs had a significant relationship with pT status and pN status. High IFGs were strongly correlated with nodal metastases (odds ratio (OR) = 4.77; confidence interaval (CI) = 1.37–16.64). Concerning survival, IFG had a strong impact on disease-free survival in patients treated unimodally, as did the depth of invasion in the same group. Lymphovascular involvement was found to have a negative impact on overall survival in patients treated multimodally.


Due to ever developing the latest technological tools the news and information environment has been changing in the world over. People now like news and information to be received by them individually, everywhere, and anytime, overcoming the geographic and time distance. Thus, this study investigates the consumption of news alerts received on a mobile phone in Pakistan. A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted, using a probability sampling technique, in an urban residential area. In this way, this study presents data about having Smartphone mobile sets, receiving and reading the news alerts on the mobile phone, and to know about the nature of the subscription of such mobile phone news alerts. That is to free or paid news alerts are preferred more and by whom.


This article, structured in three sections, studies the traditional treasury resources (land and transfer tax, income from customs and the exploitation of royal patrimony) and the new forms of financing established by the Royal Treasury as of the XVII century (recovery of profit, donations and other extraordinary income). As far as traditional income is concerned, an evaluation is made of Navarra's archival sources and studies based on these of a strictly bookkeeping nature, relating them especially regarding income from customs with provisions related to foreign policy, the consequences of which Navarra was to suffer in particular due to its position on the French border. The XVII century was characterised by the application of new measures of funding, from which the Kingdom was not to free itself despite the protests of the Courts. Attempts at reorganising the Royal Treasury were to fail as far amortising favours was concerned, but they did accomplish other objectives, such as total control over all of the customs posts, the private Tablas on the borders with Rioja and Alava being returned to the Crown, albeit through the payment of heavy compensation. Resource collection by means of donation was the last fiscal procedure applied by those in charge of the Treasury, though not with the profusion employed in the Kingdoms of Castile. In this way, a fiscal contribution was reaped in Navarra to form part of the general funds of the Royal Treasury to confront Felipe IV and Carlos II's difficulties.


legend and contemporary culture. This is, indeed, what Mary Alice Grellner attempts in her essay, Arthuriana and Popular Culture,' which outlines a senior seminar in general studies entitled King Arthur Today. The problem here is that Grellner never defines what she means by 'popular culture,' and she does not appear to be operating by the commonly accepted definition ofthat term, discussing, as she does, such works as John Cowper Powys's Glastonbury Romance, and Charles Williams's War in Heaven. Twentieth century, yes; popular, no. As noted above, her analysis is primarily generic, although she does observe that Arthurian material reflects 'today's interests in . . . magic and the occult, and in the empowerment ofwomen (161). She might have observed that Marion Zimmer Bradley (and other women authors) have appropriated the work ofthe Cambridge School ofAnthropology (by way of The Golden Bough and Graves's White Goddess), and in applying such studies to the Arthurian legend, have recast it in a feminist-occult mold with considerable popular appeal. She also might have examined the relationship ofArthuriana and popular political culture, ranging from the Kennedy administration's self-analogywith Camelot to the use ofMalory as gloss on theVietnam War. My point here is simply that ifwe are going to teach popular Arthurian works, let us not teach them merely because they are 'accessible' (undemanding?). Rather let us teach them in such a way that they really do comment on central cultural concerns. In sum, while I would have had Approaches to Teaching the Arthurian Tradition provide more up-to-date bibliographic guidance, more incorporation of current theoretical approaches into coursework, and more discernment in its treatment of twentieth century literature, nonetheless much ofwhat I found here will be of value to the broad audience ofinstructors which this volume addresses. Teachers ofArthurian literature will likely not regret giving it a place on their shelves.


... ! 76% of the Nigerian population., PERPETUAL DISSAVERS ." who earn "below poverty incomes" depend on "core" sectoral development for satisfying merit wants, With oil boom of mid-1970s. THE CORE SECTOR was neglected and over-emphasised autonomous investment sector involving heavy to heavy capital expenditure through OVER-DEPENDENCE on MNCs and related financial institutions. ConcomitantlY, the discrepancy between public sector and private sector wage payments in lhe Nigerian economy widened, which led to loss of productivity and resultant WAGE· PUSH INFLATION and frequent wage revisions.


Twenty-two private sector trade union locals in the manufacturing, service and technology sectors in Canada were surveyed by telephone in 2002/2003. The objective was to determine union locals' understanding of the impact globalization was having on their operations, and to identify the contextual factors affecting their responses. The data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The locals associated globalization with plant closures, reduced production, and the elimination of or transfer of jobs and equipment out of the country. Seventeen of the locals reported being affected to a moderate to high degree. Their main responses were lobbying, educating members and the public, and organizing. The important contextual factors identified included local size, industry sector, levels of support available to and accessed by the locals, and the perceived need for and ability to adapt successfully to change.


Background: Abnormal prenatal hip joint loading can lead to compromised hip joint function. Early intervention is crucial for favorable outcomes. Purpose: This study investigates the impact of treatment timing (initiation and duration) on cartilage growth and ossification in the proximal femur of infants with developmental dysplasia of the hip, a condition affecting newborns. Methods: We used a mechanobiological model to simulate proximal femur growth during treatment durations of 3 months, 6 months, and a late-start treatment. Results: The findings indicate that the timing of treatment initiation is crucial, while a longer treatment duration does not contribute to improved morphological development of the hip joint. Conclusions: Mechanobiological models of growth can be used to develop treatments and therapies that correct loading conditions. Growing bone is particularly sensitive to loading conditions, and altered loading during growth can affect bone shape and functionality.


An association between the anatomic pathology and pathophysiology of coronary atherosclerosis and sudden cardiac death (SCD) has been long recognized. At the end of the 15th century, Da Vinci described a personally witnessed SCD that he attributed to a "parched and shrunk and withered … artery that feeds the heart" at autopsy,1 and in 1812, Warren, commenting on the significance of Heberden's description of angina pectoris, reported a patient who died suddenly a short time after presenting with an anginal pattern of chest pain.2 However, insights into the magnitude and mechanisms of SCD as a consequence of the presence and extent of coronary atherosclerosis, its underlying vascular pathophysiology, the myocardial electrophysiology, and the role of ischemic cardiomyopathy began to unravel only during the past 50 years. Despite a rapidly developing base of knowledge about the tachyarrhythmic manifestations of acute coronary syndromes and chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy, especially during the past 25 years, that resulted from extensive clinical, investigative, and interventional advances, important challenges remain for the prediction and prevention of SCD caused by coronary heart disease (CHD).3

The total population burden of SCD resulting from CHD remains incompletely defined and debated.4 Estimates of the total number of SCDs annually in the United States are based largely on retrospective death certificate analyses,5,6 the American Heart Association statistical updates based on data from the National Center for Health Statistics,7 and nationwide extrapolations from well-studied community experiences.8,9 The most widely cited estimates have remained in the range of 300 000 to 350 000 SCDs annually since the early 1980s,10 suggesting an overall incidence between 1 and 2 deaths per 1000 person-years among the general population. However, estimates from the same death certificate sources range from 460 000 SCDs …


The Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment offered over 4,000 public housing residents in five U.S. cities the opportunity to move to very low poverty neighborhoods. Results from a survey conducted four to seven years after random assignment showed that boys in the experimental group fared no better or worse on measures of risk behavior than their control group counterparts, while girls in the experimental group demonstrated better mental health and lower risk behavior relative to control group girls. We seek to understand these differences by analyzing data from the survey and from in-depth interviews conducted with a random subsample of 86 teens 14 to 19 years old in Baltimore and Chicago. We find that control group boys, especially in Baltimore, deployed conscious strategies for avoiding neighborhood trouble, in contrast to many experimental boys who had subsequently moved back to higher poverty neighborhoods. Second, experimental group girls' patterns of activity fit in more easily in low poverty neighborhoods than boys', whose routines tended to draw negative reactions from community members and agents of social control. Third, experimental boys were far less likely to have strong connections to non-biological father figures than controls, which may have contributed to behavioral and mental health problems.


In 1996, Daniel Goleman introduced the world to the concept of EQ, revealing how people with well-developed emotional skills are more likely to succeed than those with intellect alone. Today, EQ has become one of the hottest topics in child psychology. This text is a practical guide for parents who want to apply Goleman's theories of emotional intelligence to child rearing. It contains easy to follow checklists, parenting dos and don'ts, and activities that parents can use to increase their child's social and emotional intelligence.


Benzo[b]thiophene and chloramine-T react in the presence of catalytic amounts of [Cu(NCMe)4]BF4 to yield a novel dihydrobenzothiazine arising from a ring-expansion; if the reaction is conducted in the absence of the copper(I) catalyst no reaction takes place, but the expected sulfimide can be made using [(N-tosylimino)iodo]benzene, PhINTs.


An epithelial cell lining the endometrial cavity, located in the uterus. These cells proliferate and respond to the cyclic variations of estrogen and progesterone. They synthesize or transport and secrete substances essential for survival and development of the embryo/fetus and associated extraembryonic membranes.


An experiment was conducted to evaluate the expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs -II and -III) in response to a 10% inclusion of caramel plant wastewater (CPWW) in weaning pig diets; the objective was to assess associations between those growthrelated proteins to feed intake (Fl) and body weight gain (BWG). Sixteen purebred Landrace piglets were randomly distributed among eight pens (a gilt and boar per pen) and assigned to one of two treatments: 0% (control) and 10% inclusion of CPWW. During four consecutive weeks, live weight and Fl were recorded. Blood samples were drawn by jugular venipuncture during the first, second, and third weeks of the experiment and serum levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-II and IGFBP-III were determined. Feed intake, BWG and feed efficiency (FE) were not affected (P > 0.05) by the addition of 10% CPWW to 'Manuscript submitted to Editorial Board 3 March 2005. This project was funded by a grant from the USDA-HSI (2003-38422-13309) and Seed Grant SM-04-07 from the Research and Development Center of the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagiiez. Assistant Researcher, Department of Animal Industry, University of Puerto RicoMayagiiez, P.O. Box 9030, Mayagiiez, PR 00681-9030. Former Undergraduate Student, Pre-Veterinary Medicine Program. Former Undergraduate Student, Pre-Veterinary Medicine Program. Associate Professor, Department of Animal Industry. 'Associate Professor, Department of Animal Industry.


The effect of feed type on the growth of pond raised catfish ( Clarias- garienpinus ) is examined using a 2 k factorial design. A period of four weeks was used in  experimentation. The four factors represent four feed types namely Sharp, Coppens, Euro, Dizeng-golf. Analysis of the experiment reveal a great variation in the growth for pond raised catfish using a combination of low level of Sharp, high level of Coppens, high level of Euro, and high level of Dizeng-golf. Key Words : feed types, 2 k factorial design.


Streptococcus pneumoniae is a frequent colonizer of the upper airways; however, it is also an accomplished pathogen capable of causing life‐threatening diseases. To colonize and cause invasive disease, this bacterium relies on a complex array of factors to mediate the host–bacterium interaction. The respiratory tract is rich in functionally important glycoconjugates that display a vast range of glycans, and, thus, a key component of the pneumococcus–host interaction involves an arsenal of bacterial carbohydrate‐active enzymes to depolymerize these glycans and carbohydrate transporters to import the products. Through the destruction of host glycans, the glycan‐specific metabolic machinery deployed by S. pneumoniae plays a variety of roles in the host–pathogen interaction. Here, we review the processing and metabolism of the major host‐derived glycans, including N‐ and O‐linked glycans, Lewis and blood group antigens, proteoglycans, and glycogen, as well as some dietary glycans. We discuss the role of these metabolic pathways in the S. pneumoniae–host interaction, speculate on the potential of key enzymes within these pathways as therapeutic targets, and relate S. pneumoniae as a model system to glycan processing in other microbial pathogens.


Homologous vessel grafts were tried as substitutes for flexor tendon grafts. Pieces of different lengths were excised from a flexor tendon and replaced by a homologous abdominal aorta graft which was turned inside out and then anastomised by drawing it over the tendon stumps in a cuff-like manner. The grafts became firm, homogeneous and completely tendon-like with very little adhesion but with a tendency to become extended and thus too long to be functional.


Oil refining companies and distributors often use pipelines to transport their products. In highly integrated, geographically challenging contexts, this may result in complex logistical systems. Pipelines which transport multiple products connect tanks, forming a particular, self-contained environment where distribution routes (called logistical channels), tactical inventory locations and operational criteria are defined to transfer, receive and deliver liquid oil derivatives. This paper describes a simulation model designed to represent such a regional pipeline network and includes a case study of a Brazilian region with refineries, a maritime terminal, a hub terminal and distribution bases.


Internet information services are developed everywhere. Such services include content generation and functionality support that have to be modeled in a consistent way. Here, we show how concepts of conceptual modeling can be used for systematic development of Internet sites.We give an introduction into our methodology of modeling Internet applications resulting in the Cottbus Internet site development language (SiteLang). The language has an operational semantics based on entity-relationship structuring and abstract state machines. It allows specification of entire Web sites, i.e., of structuring, behavior, information support, and of the interaction and story space. The methodology supports applications in different environments, e.g., Internet Web sites, WAP technology, or TV channels.


A major goal of neurobiology is to provide an understanding of animal behavior in
terms of the operation of the nervous system. Much of neurobiological research is
therefore concerned at some level with the control of behavior. We have restricted
our comments to attempts to relate a cellular level of neural analysis, involving
neurons whose physiology, morphology, and connectivity are relatively well known,
to fairly complete behavioral acts and to the overall organization of behavior.
Consequently, examples will be drawn almost entirely from work on invertebrate
nervous systems. Rather than review any single research area in detail, we hope to
focus on the nature of behavior as seen from a cellular level, and to identify emerging
principles and problems provided by this approach.


a great deal of discussion in the financial papers and elsewhere as to the effect of the war on London's position as the financial center of the world and the probability of New York succeeding in assuming and keeping the position. It is, of course, natural that the serious interruption in shipping, commerce and exchange throughout the world would minimize for the time being London's supremacy, especially when the stupendous task of financing not only Great Britain's munition requirements but those of her Allies devolves upon her. There is no question that at the end of the war, New York's position as an exchange and financial center will be vastly enhanced but not necessarily at the expense of London. Sovereigns and dollars are the only two important mediums of exchange that have been at all reliable since the war commenced and this will no doubt


Abstract In this paper, the design, simulation results, and measurements of a coaxial-fed dual-polarized patch antenna with high port isolation are presented. The proposed antenna consists of two cross center-fed patch dipole antennas against a reflector as ground plane, while the patch antenna contains two pairs of X-shaped slots along the diagonals and two pairs of T-shaped slots along the centerlines. The proposed antenna achieves a -10 dB with bandwidth of 470–730 MHz and demonstrates the dual polarization in both directions. Stable radiation patterns at slanted polarization have been obtained within the band. Measurements show two linear polarizations with an isolation of more than 33 dB over the operating frequency band. The proposed antenna can be used for Digital television applications (DTV).


Between 1978 and 1999, surgical treatment for talocalcaneal coalitions which failed to respond to any conservative treatment was performed. Materials consisted of 46 patients (50 feet), including 26 males (29 feet) and 20 females (21 feet). The patients' age at the time of operation ranged from 8 to 66 years (average, 22.5 years). Major symptoms included local pain (43 feet), tumor (19 feet), numbness of the plantar side (17 feet), peroneal muscle spasm (13 feet), and varus instability of the ankle (3 feet). Major signs included limited motion of the subtalar joint (50 feet), palpation of tumor (34 feet), sensory disturbance of the plantar side (14 feet), peroneal spastic flat foot (3 feet), and limited dorsiflexion of the ankle due to contracture of the gastrocnemius muscle (2 feet). The regions of the coalitions included middle type (36 feet), posterior type (9 feet), and diffuse type (3 feet). The coalitions were all incomplete unions, that is to say fibrous or cartilaginous unions. Surgical treatments were as follows: coalitions were excised and subtalar joints were mobilized in 31, resections alone were carried out on 16, and 3 feet underwent arthrodesis of the subtalar joint. Results of surgical treatments were evaluated using our own clinical scoring system. 28 feet were excellent, 13 were good, 8 were fair, and one foot was poor. In principle, the purpose of surgical treatment of these coalitions involved excising the tumor to release the plantar nerve from compression and resection the coalition to gain physiological subtalar motion. However, patients experiencing osteoarthrotic changes and whose coalitions occupy most of the subtalar joint should undergo an arthrodesis of the subtalar joint.


The paper describes an experimental investigation of the stator hub and blade flow in two different stators of a highly loaded single-stage axial-flow low-speed compressor. The first stator (A) is a conventional design with blades of rectangular planform. The second stator (K) is an unconventional, more advanced design with blades of a special planform, characterized by an aft-swept leading edge with increasing sweep angle toward hub and casing. The experimental results show that stator K exhibits a much better hub performance than stator A, finally leading to a better overall performance of stage K compared to stage A. The better hub performance of stator K is, primarily, the result of a planform effect of the newly introduced blades with an aft-swept leading edge and the aerodynamics of an aft-swept wing.


duced in Antwerp. Gibson's particular observations and suggestions regarding artworks in relation to cartography will be mined for years to come by specialists of all kinds (for the pictorial significance of mines themselves as subjects, see p. 30). In some respects, the chapter on Bruegel truly forms "the culmination," the first comprehensive study in English of the artist's landscape art (though the German article by Muller-Hofstede still remains indispensible). The afterlife of world landscapes deserves fuller analysis than it receives here (Chapter Six), particularly the variations by Lucas van Valckenborch and Peter Paul Rubens (addressed in recent studies by Alexander Wied and Lisa Vergara, respectively). Gibson, however, has accomplished a remarkable and useful act of synthesis here, an overview with exquisite details comparable to the world landscapes of Patinir himself. One can only hope for a paperback edition to serve students as their vade mecum. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Larry Silver


A vehicle seat comprises a seat part for providing a seating surface for a seat occupant, a guide rail arrangement for longitudinally adjustable positioning the vehicle seat in a vehicle and a height adjusting device with a plurality of pivotally coupled to the seat part and the guide rail assembly swings, connecting the seat part adjustable in height with the guide rail arrangement, and an electromotive driving unit for driving a first rocker arm of the plurality of wings. The drive unit has a drive pinion which is displaceable relative to the guide track assembly in a rotary movement against the toothed segment engages in a toothing of a toothed segment and for adjusting the seat height of the seat part. It is provided that the output gear (531) to the first rocker (51a) and the toothed segment (552) is fixed on the guide rail arrangement (4) or the seat part (2) are arranged. In this way, a vehicle seat is provided that enables the arrangement of an electromotive drive unit in a space-saving manner in a so-called tunnel side of a vehicle seat and at the same time can provide a reliable support of load forces available.


Primary amenorrhoea: menses have not occurred by the time of the expected menarche. This may be taken as age 14 years in the absence of secondary sexual characteristics; however, it is worth waiting until age 16 years if other features are developing normally. Secondary amenorrhoea: menstruation has previously occurred but it has stopped definitions vary as to how long but it is usually taken as at least six consecutive months (longer where menses have previously been infrequent).


The paper deals with the construction of a general purpose transistorized differential d.c. amplifier having a high common mode rejection ratio of 80 db., low long time drift of 10 μV./°C., and a gain of 1000. High gain n-p-n planar silicon transistors, available in the country, are used throughout. The first stage is operated at equal Vbe to reduce substantially the thermally induced drift and sensitivity to power supply variations. The amplifier operates well with low resistance sources like thermocouples, strain gauges, etc.


Background
Neurocognitive impairment remains a common complication of HIV despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). We previously reported improved neurocognitive functioning with ART initiation in seven resource limited settings (RLS) countries for HIV+ participants from AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) 5199 (International Neurological Study (INS)). Here we apply normative data from the International Neurocognitive Normative Study (INNS) to INS, to provide previously unknown rates of neurocognitive impairment.

Methods
A5199, INS assessed neurocognitive and neurological performance within a randomized clinical trial with 3 arms, containing WHO first line recommended ART regimens (ACTG 5175; PEARLS). ACTG 5271, INNS collected normative comparison data on 2400 high-risk HIV negatives from 10 voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) sites aligned with INS. Normative comparison data were used to create impairment ratings for HIV+ participants in INS; associations were estimated using generalized estimating equations.

Results
Among 860 HIV+ adults enrolled in ACTG 5199, 55% had no neurocognitive impairment at baseline. Mild neurocognitive impairment was found in 25%, moderate in 17% and severe in 3% of participants. With the initiation of ART, the estimated odds of impairment was reduced 12% (95% CI: 9%, 14%) for every 24 weeks (p<.0001) on ART. Mild impairment dropped slightly, and then remained at about 18% out to week 168.

Conclusions
Almost half of HIV+ participants had neurocognitive impairment at baseline before ART, based on local norms. With ART initiation, there were significant overall reductions in neurocognitive impairment over time, especially in those with moderate and severe impairments.


A rare Mendelian form of hypertension is Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII), also referred to as familial hyperkalemic hypertension (FHHt, OMIM 145260). Mutations in WNK1 and WNK4 , and the two recently identified genes KLHL3 and CUL3 have been reported as causes of this monogenic form of arterial hypertension. Mutations in WNK1 and WNK4 result in over-activity of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) in the distal convoluted tubule. In a Turkish family (parents and 5 children) one daughter was suspected of PHAII. This daughter has been diagnosed at age 24 years with severe hypertension (200/130 mm Hg), hyperkalemia (6.5 mmol/l; reference range 3.5-5.1), and normal renal function. Besides a short stature, no other phenotypical abnormalities were identified. The patient's hypertension and hyperkalemia completely normalized with hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg daily. All other family members are healthy. Sanger sequencing of WNK1 and WNK4 did not reveal any mutation. A de novo mutation in the daughter is the most likely cause of her disease. Full exome sequencing (Nimblegen SeqCapEZV2, Illumina HiSeq2000) of the seven family members identified 34,733 unique variants in our patient. By comparing the recent mutations reported by Boyden et al, we found an identical de novo mutation in CUL3 , a splice acceptor site mutation in intron 8. RT-PCR analysis of RNA extracted from fresh blood showed two cDNA species in the patient, corresponding to a normal sized CUL3 fragment and an abrogated variant. Sanger sequencing of this shorter form revealed a loss of all nucleotides of exon 9 excluding the first nucleotide and including the first nucleotide of exon 10. This results in an in-frame 57 amino acid deletion abrogating the function of CUL3. After 1 week withdrawal from diuretic medication, we found in the patient's urinary exosomes, vesicles derived from renal epithelial cells, an increase in the abundance of phosphorylated (P)-NCC (active form) compared to urinary exosomes extracted from urine when using thiazide diuretics. This de novo splice acceptor site mutation found in a second patient with PHAII confirmed CUL3 as a cause of PHAII. This patient also showed up-regulation of P-NCC as reported in WNK1 and WNK4 mutations pointing to the same mechanism of FHHt.


The first paragraph on this page requires the following correction: (Eq. 1 predicts that Q ␥ varies exponentially with voltage when is several k values more negative than V) should be changed to (Eq. 1 predicts that Q ␥ varies exponentially with voltage when V is several k values more negative than)


Dear Sirs, I read with interest the article by Vega et al. entitled 'Breathmethane in functional constipation: response to treatmentwith ispaghula husk'. This study investigated whether patients with chronic constipation produce more methane, and whether being a methane producer influenced their response to treatment with 'fermentable' fiber. The authors found that ispaghula husk (psyllium) effectively treated constipation regardless of methane status. These results are consistent with the recent conclusion that psyllium is not fermented in the human gastrointestinal tract, so its effects in the large bowel are independent of the microbiome. The misconception that psyllium is fermented is predicated on in vitro studies, but these results are an artifact of the studytechnique.Tothoroughlymixa stool samplewitha hydrated/gelled psyllium sample, a high-speed mechanical blenderwasused,whichdestroyed the gelmatrix and artificially rendered psyllium fermentable. In contrast to the in vitro data, there are five published wellcontrolled clinical studies that assessed the fermentation of psyllium vs a negative control (placebo), a positive control (lactulose), and/or several different fibers (e.g., methylcellulose, guar gum, pectin, cellulose). These studies assessed breath gas and/or flatulence episodes to determine the relative degree of fermentation in the human gut. All five clinical studies provided similar results: objective measures of breath gas and subjective assessments of flatulence episodes showed that psyllium did not increase intestinal gas production, so it was not fermented in the human gut. For example, one study was a randomized, blinded, two-period cross-over design that assessed a high-dose of psyllium (18 g) vs placebo for breath gas production, and showed that breath hydrogen was directionally higher for placebo (38.6 mL/h) than for the high-dose psyllium (23.8 mL/h). Therewas also no significant difference in reported symptoms, though the mean score for flatulence was directionally higher for placebo (9.3) than for psyllium (6.1). There are two mechanisms by which a fiber can exert a significant laxative effect at a physiologic dose (e.g., 10–15 g/day), and both require that the fiber resist fermentation to remain intact and present throughout the large bowel: (i) insoluble fiber (e.g., wheat bran) mechanically irritates the gut mucosa, stimulatingmucous and water secretion, but only if the particles are sufficiently large and coarse (fine wheat brancanbe constipating); and (ii) solublefibersmust gel (e.g., psyllium) to exert a high water-holding capacity that resists dehydration throughout the large bowel. Bothmechanisms result in a significant increase in stool water content, which increases stool bulk and softens stools. It is a misconception that all dietary fibers provide a laxative (regularity) benefit. For further details on this topic, a 2-part comprehensive review on the physical effects of fiber in the large bowel and small bowel was recently published.


A reliable and sensitive isocratic stability indicating RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for assay of Strontium Ranelate in tablets and for determination of content uniformity. An isocratic separation of Strontium Ranelate was achieved on Zodiac C-18 column (250mm x 4.6mm), 5 µm particle size columns with a flow rate of 1.1 ml/min and using a UV detector to monitor the eluate at 239nm. The mobile phase consisted of Methanol: Water: Acetonitrile in the ratio of 25:25:50 (v/v/v) (pH 4.7). Drug solution was subjected to oxidation, hydrolysis, photolysis and thermal degradation. All degradation products in an overall analytical run time of approximately 10min with the parent compound Strontium Ranelate eluting at approximately 4.83min. Response was a linear function of drug concentration in the range of 70-10 µg/ml (r 2 = 0.999). Accuracy (recovery) was found to be well acceptance range of 98-102. Degradation products resulting from the stress studies did not interfere with the detection of Strontium Ranelate and the assay is thus stability-indicating.


Objective To study the effect of emergency incision internal fixation combined with autologous bone grafting in treatment of middle and upper tibial and fibular comminution fracture.Methods 26 patients with middle and upper tibial and fibular comminution fracture were selected,and all patients were given emergency incision internal fixation combined with autologous bone grafting,the clinical data was analyzed retrospectively.Results All cases were given 6 to 36 months follow up,an average of 18 months.Complete union was found in all cases without complications such as extremity-short or infection or compartment syndrome.Conclusion The curative outcome of emergency incision internal fixation combined with autologous bone grafting in treatment of middle and upper tibial and fibular comminution fracture is affirm.It is feasible to make the operation as early as possible.The measure can possibly prevent complications such as compartment syndrome and so on,promote fracture healing,reduce nonunion,and recover the function of knee.


In 2010 Santos described the construction of a counterexample to the Hirsch conjecture, and in 2012 Santos and Weibel provided the coordinates for the 40 facets of a 20-dimensional counterexample. In this paper we explore technical details of the construction using Santos and Weibel's work as the motivating example.
Santos presented the construction in the dual setting. Here we return to the primal setting, in which Santos' construction calls for repeated application of a perturbed wedge operation, a wedge over a facet followed by a perturbation of one or more other facets. We show that the starting point for the construction is a counterexample "P5" to the nonrevisiting conjecture in dimension 5. However, this polytope P5 is not a simple polytope; it contains two nonsimple vertices. As we repeatedly apply the perturbed wedge, the nonsimplicities grow in dimension while their excess is reduced. Finally in dimension 20, the resulting polytope is simple and its diameter exceeds the Hirsch bound by 1.
These notes are a technical companion to the work of Santos and Weibel.


Hofstede (1994) outlines five dimensions upon which national cultures can be differentiated from each other. These dimensions are described. A study in which nations were clustered into cultural groups is reported. It is suggested that culture may be linked to aesthetic preference and that it is important to understand these links when designing products for global distribution. Research into cultural-aesthetic links is reported, along with a summary of links established to date. It is concluded that there is much research still to be done. This represents a major challenge which human factors as a profession must embrace if it is to move beyond usability and contribute to the creation of products which are a positive pleasure to own and use.


Adrenal gland has a dual embryological origin, Adrenal cortex from coelomic epithelium of the urogenital ridge & medulla from neural crest cells. Since testes & adrenal cortex derive from the same urogenital ridge, adrenal tissue with descending gonads may migrate in early embryonic period. Although most often ectopic tissue undergoes atrophy, in some cases (1%) it may persist as adrenal rests. We report a case of adrenal rest in upper pole of testes. The clinico pathological findings & embryological hypothesis with brief review of literature has been discussed in this paper.


This article considers the teaching, writing and architectural practice of Rafael Moneo (1937–), and in particular, his development of a theory that understands the 'canon' of architectural knowledge and shared humanist values, while giving proper accord to the current contemporary context. This required his own students at Barcelona, Madrid and later at Harvard, to acknowledge the plurality of architectural options available to them, and to develop the necessary skills to select the most appropriate. The article argues that Moneo's theoretical position is sceptical, rather than idealistic or playfully post-modernist, because of its insistence on the possibility of the rational analysis of the 'canon'. The article argues that Moneo's own practice illustrates the implications of this position: eclectic in its sources, yet consistent in revealing a powerful personal character in compositions of a multilayered and ambiguous temporality.


The present invention provides an apparatus for collecting electric power thyristor, comprising: a conductive plate located between the two electrodes of the thyristor; an insulating medium located in the thyristor of each electrode and the conductive plate between; voltage conversion unit electrically connected to the conductive plate, for collecting and storing energy from the thyristor; and regulator means, connected to said voltage conversion unit electrically. The present invention provides a driving apparatus having the above power acquisition device and a method of the thyristor power acquisition device using the silicon controlled rectifier power. The apparatus and method of the present invention, in which both the external power source are driven or a driving signal having a desired waveform is generated by the drive unit during operation of the self-powered driving mode means, so as to ensure reliable triggering the thyristor and thereby prolong its service life.


Gives background research and development information on the Automobile Traffic Information and Control System (ATICS). The objectives, benefits, and structure of the system are briefly described.


An analytical step-size selection rule is proposed for the simulation of polarization multiplexed signal propagation through the single mode optical fiber. The method leads to approximately constant one step simulation error and high computational efficiency.


The existing different XOR/XNOR gate designs are investigated,and the merits and weaknesses of the existing gate designs are analyzed.Considering CMOS XNOR's evident advantages when compared to other logical gates,the research work is mainly focused on analyzing how the structure of the CMOS XNOR affects the circuit performance.Based on the analysis,a novel CMOS gate is proposed.PSPICE simulation shows that,compared to the other designs,the performance of the proposed gate is improved without increasing transistor count.The proposed XNOR is applied in the full adder design,and the simulation demonstrates that power consumption of the new full adder design can be reduced by up to 9.9%,and correspondingly,the power-delay product is improved by up to 11.6% compared to the CMOS full adder.


Xifanping porphyry copper deposit is located in southwest of Sichuan province. In this paper we compare the element′s content of the altered rock and monzonite porphyry . It has been proved that K 2O and SiO 2 is increased; and CaO,Na 2O and Fe 2O 3 is decreased, during potassium silicate alteration .The concentration of LREE and LIL, especially La,Ce,Eu,Sr is decreased. The mobility of these elements are caused by minerelization fluids. Because the ore body is hosted in sodium silicate altered monzonite porphyry , these geochemistry characteristics of the monzonite porphyry can be used for outlining the location of the ore body. There are many porphyry copper deposits in Jinshajiang Ailaoshan monzonite porphyry . It has been reported that most of the host rocks of these deposit are rich in potassium (K 2ONa 2O).But the host rocks of this deposit are rich in sodium (Na 2OK 2O). So the host rock which is rich in sodium may be a new kind type of rock bearing copper.


In an intensely cultivated soil in southern Italy, the effects of municipal waste compost on soil activities (basal respiration, β-glucosidase, and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis), Biolog functional diversity, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) were estimated in a short period following amendment. Treatment with compost at 30 t ha−1 (dry matter) was compared to mineral fertilization and untreated soil. In these poor soils, organic amendment allowed the rapid recovery of an active and biodiverse soil community. While the addition of compost increased all microbial activities and EC, the pH did not change. Conversely, metabolic activity that was positively correlated to FDA hydrolysis rate initially was enhanced by compost but decreased with time and disappeared at the end of the incubation. Results indicated that waste compost amendments affected microbial activities, both at global and functional levels, favoring a rapid return of biological factors of fertility.


The speech entitled"Emancipating the mind,seeking truth from facts and uniting together to face the future"Deng Xiaoping made in the working conference of Central Party Committee and the speech he made in the south in 1992 are two"declarations"in the process of reforming and opening the door and the construction of so- cialist modernization in our country.Their similarities lie in that they were all born in the significant historical moment that China faced problems concerning both where to go and what path to choose.They are all models of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts.Their differences are shown not only in different forms,dif- ferent objects but also in different historical roles.


In this paper, thermal performance of double flow, single and double exposure solar air heaters are analytically investigated. In single exposure solar air collector solar radiation absorbed by the absorber only through the top of the collector whereas in double exposure solar air collector solar radiation absorbed by the absorber through both top and bottom of the collector by using reflector. The performance of collectors have been analysed with different parameters such as mass flow rate and insolation. The results show that double exposure solar air collector is better than the single exposure solar air collector. The double exposure solar air heater is 4.17% more efficient than the single exposure solar air heater at a mass flow rate of 0.0277 kg/s.


1. The beating tools (14, 16, 24a, 24b) for coated grinding rock or stone-like material (30, 301) of wear resistant material, characterized in that the coating (30, 301) comprises a ductile metallic base material (32) a maximum Vickers hardness of the order of 180-230 HV01 with particles embedded therein of solid material (34). ! 2. The beating tools (14, 16, 24a, 24b) according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of the base material (32) lies between about 65 and 95 vol.%. ! 3. The beating tools (14, 16, 24a, 24b) according to claim 1, characterized in that the base material (32) is nickel or a nickel alloy. ! 4. The beating tools (14, 16, 24a, 24b) according to claim 3, characterized in that the cobalt alloy component is provided. ! 5. The beating tools (14, 16, 24a, 24b) according to claim 4, characterized in that the proportion of cobalt in the alloy is up to about 12 vol.%, In particular between about 2 and 5 vol.%. ! 6. The beating tools (14, 16, 24a, 24b) according to claim 1, characterized in that the base material (32) is bronze. ! 7. The beating tools (14, 16, 24a, 24b) according to claim 1, characterized in that the base material (32) is cobalt. ! 8. The beating tools (14, 16, 24a, 24b) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of the hard material particles (34) lies between approximately 5 and 35 vol.%. ! 9. The beating tools (14, 16, 24a, 24b) according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the solid particulate material (34) using particles of boron carbide and / or tungsten carbide and / or silicon carbide and / or carbon particles. ! 10. The beating tools (14, 16, 24a, 24b) according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the hard material particles (34) have a size of between 10 nm and 1 micron, in particular between 50 and 500 nm


We present here the analysis of about 19,500 new star hours of low ecliptic latitude observations (|b| ⩽ 20°) obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope's Fine Guidance Sensors over a time span of more than nine years, which is in addition to the ∼12, 000 star hours previously analyzed by Schlichting et al. Our search for stellar occultations by small Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) yielded one new candidate event corresponding to a body with a 530 ± 70 m radius at a distance of about 40 AU. Using bootstrap simulations, we estimate a probability of ≈5% that this event is due to random statistical fluctuations within the new data set. Combining this new event with the single KBO occultation reported by Schlichting et al. we arrive at the following results: (1) the ecliptic latitudes of 6.°6 and 14.°4 of the two events are consistent with the observed inclination distribution of larger, 100-km-sized KBOs. (2) Assuming that small, sub-kilometer-sized KBOs have the same ecliptic latitude distribution as their larger counterparts, we find an ecliptic surface density of KBOs with radii larger than 250 m of N(r > 250 m) = 1.1+1.5− 0.7 × 107 deg−2; if sub-kilometer-sized KBOs have instead a uniform ecliptic latitude distribution for −20° < b < 20° then N(r > 250 m) = 4.4+5.8− 2.8 × 106 deg−2. This is the best measurement of the surface density of sub-kilometer-sized KBOs to date. (3) Assuming the KBO size distribution can be well described by a single power law given by N(> r)∝r1 − q, where N(> r) is the number of KBOs with radii greater than r, and q is the power-law index, we find q = 3.8 ± 0.2 and q = 3.6 ± 0.2 for a KBO ecliptic latitude distribution that follows the observed distribution for larger, 100-km-sized KBOs and a uniform KBO ecliptic latitude distribution for −20° < b < 20°, respectively. (4) Regardless of the exact power law, our results suggest that small KBOs are numerous enough to satisfy the required supply rate for the Jupiter family comets. (5) We can rule out a single power law below the break with q > 4.0 at 2σ, confirming a strong deficit of sub-kilometer-sized KBOs compared to a population extrapolated from objects with r > 45 km. This suggests that small KBOs are undergoing collisional erosion and that the Kuiper Belt is a true analog to the dust producing debris disks observed around other stars.


ABSTRACT Trials conducted on Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L. var. piperascens Malinv.) during winter under glasshouse conditions indicated that biomass, essential oil, total chlorophyll, menthol content and Mn uptake followed a quadratic trend with graded levels of Mn application in nutrient solution. Oil concentration and menthol contents were positively associated with both fresh herbage yield and total chlorophyll contents, the latter two characters being positively correlated significantly. On graphical analysis using the Cate and Nelson graphical model the critical Mn concentration was found to be 0.125 μg/mL on a dry weight basis in nutrient solution, while using regression analysis, it was determined to be 0.118 μg/mL.


The crisis phenomena irregularity due to the COVID-19 pandemic requires new, to a certain extent, non-routine tools for their settlement, namely the action effect enhancers of the state and private investors to develop the economy in conditions of shrinking volumes of available financial resources. The paper proposes the Investment Multiplier (IM) as such a tool. The author's model was generated based on a detailed description of developing multiplier processes to analyze its action. The study aims to estimate the IM values of the economies of Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, and Chelyabinsk, the most industrially developed Russian regions, and identify the main points of their economic growth. The key research method was regression analysis. The present study establishes interconnectivity between marginal propensity and savings, marginal propensity and imports, marginal tax rate, and investment accelerator, and their influence on the regional multiplier. From a position of investment multiplier, the authors try to narrow the research gap in how investment policies influence the economic growth of the Russian regions. The study results determine IM values for the analyzed regions, identifying their differences and reasons. The key points of economic growth in these regions were identified. The scientific novelty involves applying changes in regional multiplier processes' dynamics to determine the key development points. The practical significance is that the IM value is an analytical tool that will identify existing key points of regional economic development and, by managing the IM value, create new points for investments with a large-scale multiplier effect, thus developing the regional economy. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-02-05 Full Text: PDF


1 Nazzini R "Remedies at the seat and enforcement of international arbitral awards: res judicata, issue estoppel and abuse of process in English law" (2014) 7(1) Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal 139 at 149-158; Sinai Y "Reconsidering res judicata: a comparative perspective" (2011) 21 Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law 353 at 357-400; Wunsh B "Is issue estoppel part of our law?" (1990) 2 Stell LR 198 at 198-218; and Roodt C "Reflections on finality in arbitration" (2012) 45(2) De Jure 485 at 498-503. LAW DEMOCRACY & DEVELOPMENT LAW DEMOCRACY & DEVELOPMENT


The copolymerization of CO 2 /EP offers an efficient approach to sustainable polycarbonates and has accordingly drawn a great deal of attention in recent decades. Industrial scale processes have been applied for these copolymerisations as a result of better catalysts enabling the process to become more economically viable. In turn, this could facilitate the production of a diverse array of polycarbonates with tuneable thermomechanical properties under increasingly mild conditions. Nevertheless, the current portfolio of non-degradable plastics still remains comparatively inexpensive, but environmental concerns associated with their irresponsible use are drastically increasing. Therefore, it is imperative to continue the development of more sustainable polymers (those from renewable sources and/or possessing biodegradability) and lower the cost of such materials. As it stands, renewable plastics from bio-based monomers and CO 2 are poised to compete with petroleum-derived products. For example, poly (limonene carbonate) and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) (a monomer from biomass waste/CO 2 ) have led to various methodologies of CO 2 utilisation and shown great promise as robust plastics. The issue of replacing petroleum commodity plastics remains a great challenge for the chemistry community, but producing polycarbonates from CO 2 , and sustainable polymers in general, are still nascent and further improvements will certainly be gained from more efficient organometallic catalysts and the maturation of organocatalysts. Organocatalyzed methods could provide a breakthrough and further drive the production price down while offering an even greener approach. Although both metal- and organic-based catalysts present several respective advantages and viable options for CO 2 -based polymer synthesis, overcoming the sensitivity against contamination ( e.g. oxygen, moisture), and using air as a CO 2 resource, could allow CO 2 -based fabrication to be carried out on a global industrial scale.


Deformation quantization of Noncommutative Principal Bundles Drinfeld twist deformation theory of modules and algebras that carry a representation of a Hopf Algebra H can be extended to deform also morphisms and connections that are not H-equivariant. In this talk I present how similar techniques allow to canonically deform principal G-bundles, and in general howHopf-Galois extensions are canonically deformed to new Hopf-Galois extensions. Twisting the structure group we obtain principal bundles with noncommutative fiber and where the structure group is a quantum group. Twisting the automorphism group of the principal bundle we further obtain a noncommutative base space.


Introduction: To establish surrogate markers for IgVH mutation status in B-CLL, we performed microarray analysis with mutated and unmutated patient samples. Among the most differentially expressed genes was PEG10, a maternally imprinted gene located on chromosome 7q21. PEG10 is known to be expressed during placental development and in hepatocellular carcinoma. Here we have investigated the association of PEG10 with B-CLL subtypes and risk factors as well as its transcriptional regulation. In addition, we studied its expression in other hematologic malignancies.

Methods and Results: In our microarray experiments, PEG10 was highly expressed (2.1-fold) in unmutated samples. We confirmed these results by real time PCR in 42 B-CLL patients and found a significant correlation between PEG10 expression and unmutated IgVH status ( P =0.007). High PEG10 expression was associated with chromosomal del(11q) ( P =0.008), a shorter time to treatment ( P =0.009) as well as a positive Coombs test ( P =0.04). High expression was found in B-CLL and sorted CD19+ B-CLL cells, plasmoblastic DLBCL as well as in the Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Ramos. In normal tissues, relatively high levels were seen in brain, liver, lung and kidney, but these expression levels were lower than in CD19+ B-CLL cells. Expression in sorted B cells from healthy donors was lower than two orders of magnitude. Intracellular expression of the PEG10 protein in B-CLL cells was confirmed by immunofluorescence studies using antibodies that recognize specifically PEG10-RF1. To address the question whether PEG10 overexpression results from loss of imprinting, we performed allele-specific as well as methylation-specific PCR. Imprinting was maintained in 6 patients with B-CLL. Analysis of a mother and son, both having B-CLL, confirmed that at least in this familial case the maternal PEG10 allele was silenced as expected. Interestingly, similar expression patterns were observed for the neighbouring gene sarcoglycan epsilon indicating a common mechanism of deregulation of the 7q21 locus in high risk B-CLL.

Conclusions: We show that PEG10 is differentially expressed in B-CLL and is associated with del(11q), a shorter time to treatment and unmutated IgVH mutation status, suggesting its role as a marker for high risk B-CLL. PEG10 overexpression is unlikely to result from loss of imprinting. Further studies of the gene locus at 7q21 are in progress.


Atrial function is an important contributor of ventricular function and has a prognostic role in various cardiovascular diseases. We tested the hypothesis that right and left atrial (RA & LA) function may not be equal despite their accommodating identical cardiac output.


The limited number of donor organs has placed a burden on the medical community to improve patient selection and timing of liver transplantation (LT). We aim to evaluate short‐ and long‐term survival of 124 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of nonbiliary cirrhosis. Seventeen clinical, biochemical, functional, and hemodynamic parameters were computed. Patient survival was evaluated in the short term (3 months) by logistic regression, and the predictive power of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves and the log likelihood ratio. For the long‐term (up to 5 years) prognosis, the Cox proportional model was used. During follow‐up, 54 patients died and 20 patients underwent LT. In the short‐term study, the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score (including bilirubin level, international normalized ratio [INR], and creatinine level) was as predictive as our score, which contained only two independent indicators (bilirubin and creatinine levels). In the long‐term study, three independent variables (albumin level, INR, and creatinine level) emerged from the Cox model, and patients were classified into three survival‐risk groups according to a prognostic index (PI): −1.039 × albumin (grams per deciliter) + 1.909 × loge INR + 1.207 × loge serum creatinine (milligrams per deciliter). Survival probabilities at 1 and 5 years were 89% and 80%, 63% and 52%, and 23% and 10% with a low, medium, and high PI, respectively. The validation study using the split‐sample technique and data from independent patients confirmed that a high PI (>−2.5) identifies patients with a poor prognosis within 5 years. We thus have shown and validated that risk for death at the short and long term of patients with nonbiliary cirrhosis can be predicted with great accuracy using models containing a few simple and easily obtained objective variables, and these survival models are useful tools in clinical decision making, especially in deciding to list patients for LT and prioritization on the liver waiting list.


The speed disparity between processor and memory subsystems has been bridged in many existing large-scale scientiic computers and microprocessors with the help of instruction buuers or instruction caches. In this paper we classify these buuers into traditional instruction buuers, conventional instruction caches and prefetch queues, detail their prominent features, and evaluate the performance of buuers in several existing systems, using trace driven simulation. We compare these schemes with a recently proposed queue-based instruction cache memory. An implementation independent performance metric is proposed for the various organizations and used for the evaluations. We analyze the simulation results and discuss the eeect of various parameters such as prefetch threshold, bus width and buuer size on performance .


Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in incidence worldwide. This increase is in part due to the obesity epidemic which is an independent risk factor for both nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and HCC. In fact, recent evidence suggests that enhanced de novo lipogenesis is a critical mediator for HCC development. Current treatment options for HCC are limited, and as such, prognosis is extremely poor with a 5-year survival less than 12%. Therefore, there is an urgent medical need for new therapeutic strategies. Simultaneous inhibition of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase isozymes, ACC1 and ACC2, results in concomitant inhibition of fatty acid synthesis (FASyn) and stimulation of fatty acid oxidation (FAOxn) in cultured cells and in animals, reduces hepatic steatosis, and impedes tumor cell growth in vitro. Here, we test the hypothesis that simultaneous reduction of hepatic FASyn through inhibition of ACC1 and stimulation of hepatic FAOxn through inhibition ACC2 is a potential therapeutic target for HCC. Results: Using state-of-the-art structure-based drug design and crystal structures of the human ACC2 biotin carboxylase domain, we identified ND-654, a hepatoselective (2700:5:1 liver to plasma to muscle exposure), allosteric inhibitor that binds to the ACC subunit dimerization site, inhibits the enzymatic activity of both ACC1 (IC50 = 3 nM) and ACC2 (IC50 = 8 nM), and inhibits FASyn in HepG2 cells (IC50 = 14 nM) and in rats (ED50 = 0.3 mg/kg). Male Wistar rats were treated weekly with 50 mg/kg diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to induce sequential development of fibrosis, cirrhosis and HCC. After establishment of cirrhosis (13 wks), rats were treated daily by oral gavage with either vehicle or 10 mg/kg ND-654. At the end of the study (18 wks), rats were sacrificed and tumor nodules were counted. Liver tissue and plasma were also analyzed to assess the effects of ND-654 on disease progression. When measured four hours after the final dose, ND-654 showed preferential liver exposure, with steady state levels reaching 3.7±1.8 µM in cirrhotic tissue and 2.2±1.8 µM in tumor tissue. ND-654 did not alter body weight or food consumption, but reduced serum triglyceride levels by 35%. Importantly, ND-654 significantly (p Citation Format: Danielle K. DePeralta, Lan Wei, Geraldine Harriman, Jeremy Greenwood, Sathesh Bhat, William Westlin, H. James Harwood, Rosana Kapeller, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Bryan C. Fuchs. Liver selective Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase inhibition by ND-654 decreases hepatocellular carcinoma development in cirrhotic rats. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1427. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1427


Abstract A survey of 50 farms on the Ahaura and Ikamatua soils in the Grey and Inangahua Valleys on the West Coast of the South Island was carried out to assess the soil and pasture nutrient status. Significant but weak correlations were found between soil and pasture nutrient concentrations, previous applications of nutrients in fertiliser, and pasture fertility index. The results indicated the degree of nutrient deficiencies, and these are discussed in relation to current fertiliser practice. Concentrations of major and trace elements measured in mixed pasture samples were generally all above the minimum level for fattening lambs, except for cobalt where 22% of the samples were below. For lactating dairy cows, the proportion of samples below the minimum level was 21% for cobalt, 20% for zinc, 53% for magnesium, and 46% for phosphorus, but there was no field evidence that these low pasture nutrient concentrations were causing problems on the farms surveyed.