In this paper,through the investigation of different area of Fujian coastal regions of paddy soil heavy metal elements Hg,Cd,Pb pollution enrichment situation,collecting 195 samples,using single factor index and the index of geoaccumulation and Nemero comprehensive pollution index of soil environmental quality evaluation.The results showed that: Fujian coastal region paddy soil have different levels of heavy metal pollution.Individual pollution index evaluation results: Hg 4 grade,respectively is the security level,line level,light pollution and pollution level;Pb is the level of security;Cd 2 grade,respectively is the security level and cordon level.The Hg index of geoaccumulation 3 grade,respectively is the mild pollution level,moderate pollution level and intensity of pollution level;all Pb light pollution level;Cd 2 grade,light pollution level and moderate pollution level.Nemero comprehensive pollution index assessment results for the security level of 5 areas,cordon level there are 3 regions,light pollution grade 2 regions.Geological accumulation pollution index assessment results with single factor pollution index evaluation results have obvious difference.Survey of regional soil environment quality evaluation for the Cd,Pb average value does not exceed the national standard of soil environmental quality of two standard,Hg 40% area exceed the standard.Fujian coastal area soil heavy metal pollution have moderate to high ecological risk.


In this paper we address the issue of the efficient estimation of the cointegrating vector in linear regression models with variables that follow nonstationary fractionally integrated processes and with the equilibrium error evolving as a weakly stationary linear process. The estimation method herein considered is the FM-OLS first developed by Phillips and Hansen (1990). When d> 1, a simple FM-OLS estimator is proposed which just entails correcting for the endogeneity bias. By contrast, when delaing with the case where ~ < d < 1, we show that the limitng distribution of the OLS estimator is nonstandard and that the FM-OLS methodology cannot longer be implemented. On the other hand, the same conclusions apply when we consider a mixture of nonstationary fractionally integrated processes. Finally, we also study the consequences of applying the original semiparametric FM-OLS estimator for contegrated J(l) variables when the true order of integration lies in the nonstationary range and is different from the unit root case. Not surprisingly we find that, under those more general cases, the limitng distribution of the original FM-OLS estimator is no longer mixed normal, loosing its optimal properties.


Profiled Steel Sheeting Dry Board (PSSDB) flooring system is lightweight composite system composed of profiled steel sheeting and dry board, the basic structural components, connected by mechanical fasteners, such as self-drilling and self-tapping screws. Review the literatures shows that avoiding the lateral translation of the floor at boundaries paves the road for development of the arching action in the floor from boundary to boundary. Benefiting from arching action enhances the rigidities and the flexural strength of the PSSDB floor. The objective of this paper is to investigate effect of changing the material thickness on the development of membrane action in the PSSDB flooring system. Verified finite element model with previously conducted experimental work was employed in this study. The achieved results showed that thickness reduction of the profiled steel sheeting made significant decrease of the floor's load-carrying capacity in various types of boundary conditions. Unnoticeable differences were observed for the load carrying capacity of the floor when various dry board thicknesses were used that is of importance economically.


Mice immunized with rat erythrocytes develop anti‐erythrocyte autoantibodies, distinct anti‐rat erythrocyte agglutinins, and suppressor‐inducer cells. which regulate the production of autoantibody but not anti‐rat erythrocyte agglutinins upon transfer to naive recipients. In this report, we have tried to determine the specificity of the suppressor‐inducer cells. CBA/N mice (which express an X‐linked genetic B‐lymphocyte defect) immunized with rat erythrocytes developed no autoantibodies but normal levels of anti‐rat erythrocyte antibodies and suppressor‐inducer cells, thereby suggesting that neither idiotypes on autoreactive B cells nor idiotypes on autoantibody itself, stimulate suppressor‐inducer cells. In contrast, rat erythrocyte‐primed spleen cells suppressed both a primary 2,4,6 trinitrophenyl (TNP) response and anti‐erythrocyte autoantibody production (but not anti‐rat erythrocyte antibodies) upon transfer to naive recipients and challenge with TNP‐rat erythrocytes. It is considered that the suppressor‐inducer cells are carrier‐specific and that they are not simulated by idiotypes on either autoantibody or autoreactive B cells


The existing with the quality, the development with the economic benefit, the existing problems for the present quality management and quality management process to the surveying and mapping product units are analyzed and expounded, on the basis of that, it is proposed that we should raise technical personnel's quality, enhance the quality consciousness continuously, set up a new idea for the surveying and mapping quality and establish a perfect quality management system.


From various empirical evidences conducted in various parts of the world on the factors that influence dividend policy, the results show that there are similarities or mutual support between one study and another. However, there are also among the variables that have a relationship with dividend policy showing contradictory results between one study and another. This can happen due to differences in business characteristics, business environment, culture and legal regulations that differ from one country to another. From several studies in various parts of the world, the factors that have the most influence on dividend policy are profitability, firm size, firm age, liquidity, previous dividends, dividend payments, firm value and cash flow. and leverage have a negative relationship with dividend policy, and Firm size, firm risk and ownership structure do not have a direct influence on dividend payments in private banks in Bangladesh.


As the stringent emissions standards coming into effect next year edge nearer and environmentally friendly technology becomes increasingly popular, an LNG-powered future might be on the horizon. Dan Blows reports.


Zinc oxide (ZnO) films were grown on bulk ZnO substrates by the RF magnetron sputtering system. High resolution x-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectra of the homoepitaxial films showed sharp and intense peaks with full-width at half-maximum values of 10–65 arcsec ((0 0 0 2) peak) and 106–116 meV (band edge emission), respectively, representing crystalline qualities better than or comparable with ZnO films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. It was also observed that ZnO films grown on Zn-face substrates showed a higher quality than those on O-face wafers. Doping of the films with about 1 wt% Ga resulted in n-type materials with about 1.5 × 1018 cm3 free electron density.


Presently,more and more university students want to join CPC,but their motives in joining CPC present multiplicity and complexity.The majority is utilitarian motive.Immature political thinking,market economy influence and the fault in education are the causes of utilitarian motive.In order to rectify this kind of utilitarian tendency and university students' motive to join CPC,we must strengthen education,perfect mechanism and use different kinds of methods.


Background and need for the project Intercalated BSc courses are (usually) optional extensions to UG medicine courses done by approx 1/3 of UK students. Such courses are also reported in Canada and Australia. There appears to be no agreed generic objectives for such courses, but by custom courses appear to explore an area of medicine in more depth, and usually involve research within the discipline. They are associated with deeper strategic learning styles. Aim: to review systematically published literature on the outcomes of students undertaking a BSc with the following outcomes: performance in final exams, impact on career choice and impact on professional skills and values. Methods A systematic review was undertaken to explore the outcome of BScs in medical education. Literature was searched using standard methods. We searched Medline/NLM, PsychLit, EMBASE and ERIC for papers that report student outcomes beyond the course outcome itself including performance in finals, subsequent careers, professional skills and values. Results We identified 7 papers1 that report student outcomes of which 6 show some improvement in student outcomes (finals performance, subsequent career progression). In terms of undergraduate performance two studies report outcomes ranging from no effect to an Odds Ratios (OR) of 4.4 (in favour of BSc students). No other data was retrieved on professional skills and values. For academic progression ORs are reported from 2.3 to 22, with one study reporting a difference of 0 to 42% in favour of BSc students. "Soft" literature such as editorials and opinion pieces support the role of iBScs in undergraduate medical education.


This paper analyses the issue of the dynamics of the TARGET2 system balances during the sovereign debt crisis. The development of these balances reflects the change in the distribution of the monetary base among the EMU Member States. During the sovereign debt crisis, while some countries, among which Germany, registered a decisive inflow of monetary base, some others, as Italy, shown an outflow. The main conclusion of the paper is that the dynamics in TARGET2 is rather due to a fall in the level of confidence in the capacity of the EMU to survive than to disparities in the level of competitiveness among countries of the Eurozone as a part of the literature maintained. In turn, this crisis of confidence has to be considered as the consequence of the implicit refusal of the European institutions of creating a mechanism working as "lender of last resort" for the Eurozone Member States. Two elements, in particular, support this thesis. On the one hand, most of the monetary base outflow occurred in coincidence with those political decisions which determined deterioration in the expectation about the degree of solvency of the periphery countries. On the other hand, the fiscal consolidation that the periphery countries implemented destabilized the economy as a result of a negative conjuncture and a monetary policy ineffective in reducing the interest rate.


Alison Swinbank has worked at NHS Cumbria for three years. The community assistant practitioner supports a team of occupational therapists, social workers and nurses, undertaking intervention work with adults who have chronic illness, stroke, fractures and continence problems.


Combining the operation characteristics of wet flue gas desulfurization system,the control method,operational mode and security of raw gas damper,clean gas damper and bypass gas damper are expatiated.And some corresponding suggestions are put forward.


The poly d(A-T) dependent synthesis of the analog alternating copolymer poly d(A-4thioT) (in which thymidine is replaced by 4-thiothymidine) by DNA polymerase of Escherichia coli is accompanied by hydrolysis of at least one mole of primer d(A-T) per mole of product d(A-4thioT) formed. Exonuclease II, the deoxyribonuclease associated with DNA polymerase, is responsible for the hydrolysis of the primer. Since the growing 3′ end of the primer is protected from hydrolysis during the enzymatic polymerisation the hydrolysis must occur at the free 5′ end. The enzymatic synthesis of poly d(A-4thioT) on a poly d(A-T) template proceeds in a two phase time course. The ratio of polymerisation versus hydrolysis is close to unity for the first rapid phase of synthesis. The temperature-dependence of poly d(A-T) and poly d(A-4thioT) synthesis, represented by usual Arrhenius plots has a discontinuity at 15° and 25°, respectively. Exonuclease II exhibits a similar discontinuity at 26° under the same conditions. Above 25°, the synthesis of poly d(A-4thioT) has a smaller apparent activation energy than the poly d(A-T) synthesis, but the latter is twice to three times as fast. The obligatory hydrolysis of the primer offers a plausible explanation of why the synthesis of poly d(A-4thioT) depends on the amount of poly d(A-T) primer in a stoichiometric manner since the former copolymer is not a primer for extensive synthesis of poly d(A-4thioT). A modified enzyme model for DNA polymerase is suggested, implicating the function of exonuclease II in providing an additional driving force for the unidirectional movement of the enzyme along the template. Emphasis is put on the energy contribution arising from formation of new base pairs during synthesis.

The specificity of exonuclease II was also studied using as substrates such polymers which consist of poly d(A-T) and poly d(A-4thioT) in one half each. The polymer bearing the d(A-4thioT)n at the 3′ half is readily hydrolysed by exonuclease II from both the 3′ and 5′ end synchronously at pH 7.2. Upon mercuration of d(A-4thioT)n with p-chloromercuribenzoate, preferentially the poly d(A-T) part is hydrolysed from the 5′ end at a reduced rate. In contrast, no synchronism of nuclease reaction is observed with the polymer bearing d(A-4thioT)n at the 5′ end. the latter being generally more resistant against hydrolytic attack by the enzyme.


A new 3D memristor system is constructed based on VB17 system. The basic dynamics of the system are analyzed by means of bifurcation analysis, phase orbit diagram and Lie index. Based on the idea of bias and the introduction of trigonometric functions, the attractor self-propagation phenomenon is generated in the system, which proves that the newly proposed memristor system has super many steady states. In addition, the system has the phenomenon of bias lift. Finally, the realization of the theory is proved by designing the circuit of 3D memory chaotic system. Multisim simulation verifies the validity the validity of the numerical analysis.


We explore the energetics of the titular reaction, which current astrochemical databases consider to be open at typical dense molecular (i.e., dark) cloud conditions. As is common for reactions involving the transfer of light particles, we assume that there are no intersystem crossings of the potential energy surfaces involved. In the absence of any such crossings, we find that this reaction is endoergic and will be suppressed at dark cloud temperatures. Updating accordingly a generic astrochemical model for dark clouds changes the predicted gas-phase abundances of 224 species by greater than a factor of 2. Of these species, 43 have been observed in the interstellar medium. Our findings demonstrate the astrochemical importance of determining the role of intersystem crossings, if any, in the titular reaction.


Due to globalization, international flows of cultural goods have been increasing over the years, fueled by the increased consumption of cultural expenditures. Because of the relevance gained by this sector, there has been an increase in the number of publications related to this topic, giving origin to concepts such as 'cultural economics', 'cultural industries', etc. Nevertheless there is still very few literature focused on trade of cultural products compared to the existent large quantity related to traditional manufactured products and services. This article will focus on the expansion of these kinds of products taking as case study those ones derived from the audiovisual industry, originated within Latin America and Asia (more specifically Korea). The purpose of this study is to analyze parallelisms and discrepancies in the strategies applied by both regions to expand their products in the different global markets, including also the degree of influence that the concept of cultural distance had on both processes.


Abstract In this study, a mixture apricot and peach stones, and almond shell, which are hard-shelled agricultural wastes, was evaluated as a precursor for activated carbon synthesis. Effects of the impregnation and pyrolysis conditions on ACs synthesis were investigated. The ACs were characterized by surface area, pore size, pore volume, surface functional groups by Boehm's titration and FTIR analysis, ash content, pHpzc, and SEM-EDX. It has been found that the impregnation conditions and pyrolysis temperature have important effect on the microspores formation. ACs having specific surface area in the range of 1,125.73–2,073.04 m2g−1 and total pore volumes in the range of 0.5498–1.0918 cm3 g−1 can be synthesized from the mixture activated by ZnCl2 at impregnation ratios of higher than 15/40. These values are higher than those of the most commercial ACs. Therefore, it can be concluded that the mentioned wastes mixture is a promising precursor for producing high-quality ACs.


In recent years, the value of augmented reality technology in language teaching has been continuously recognized. The digital language learning environment has gradually changed. Based on the theoretical foundation of gamified learning, educational psychology and brain science cognition, and supported by augmented reality and humancomputer interaction, this paper constructs a language learning environment based on virtual avatar. The learning environment has the characteristics of adapting to different learning styles, learning space integrating virtual and reality, and learning materials with diverse styles. Finally, through teaching experiments, this article applied this learning environment to the teaching of Chinese character writing, aiming to explore the impact of this learning environment on memory retention, interactive satisfaction and learning attitude. Participants were asked to learn the stroke order of twenty Chinese characters by experiencing different interactive environments (Traditional learning environment, Touch environment, AR environment). The results showed that there was no significant difference in learning effects among the three learning environments, and participants in the AR environment showed higher memory retention. At the same time, participants in this environment showed more positive interaction satisfaction and learning attitude.


We introduce a novel solution concept, denoted ${\it\alpha}$-dissipative solutions, that provides a continuous interpolation between conservative and dissipative solutions of the Cauchy problem for the two-component Camassa–Holm system on the line with vanishing asymptotics. All the ${\it\alpha}$-dissipative solutions are global weak solutions of the same equation in Eulerian coordinates, yet they exhibit rather distinct behavior at wave breaking. The solutions are constructed after a transformation into Lagrangian variables, where the solution is carefully modified at wave breaking.


The invention relates to an LED (Light Emitting Diode) fill-in light flashlight technique, particularly relates to a current setting device of an LED flashlight, a method and a flash photographing device, and solves the problems that the background exposition of the LED flashlight is not enough when the background is darker. The current setting device of LED flashlight provided by the invention comprises a parameter acquiring module (401) and a processing module (402), wherein the parameter acquiring module (401) is used for acquiring a VCM (Voice Coil Motor) code after the flash photographing device where the LED flashlight is focuses on automatically; the processing module (402) is used for determining a total output current value of the LED flashlight according to the VCM code. Since the VCM code can reflect the far and near distances of a shot object, the current setting device of the LED flashlight can realize that the total output current value of the LED flashlight can be set according to the far and near distances of the shot object, therefore the exposure time and ISO cannot be adjusted excessively, the total output current value of the fixed LED flashlight can be prevented, the exposure time can be shortened or the problem that the insufficient background exposure is caused by the ISO can be solved.


The invention provides a communication system for an electric automobile, which comprises a handheld mobile terminal a0, a communication base station NX, a vehicle-mounted communication terminal 10, a vehicle control unit 20, a battery management system 30, a power battery 40, a distribution box 50, an electric conditioner controller 60, an electric conditioner compressor 70, an in-vehicle temperature sensor 80, a global position system (GPS) 90 and the like. In the system, a user operates a program on the handheld mobile terminal to log in a network so as to interconnect a corresponding electric vehicle, the related information of the electric vehicle is displayed on the handheld mobile terminal, and the user views the required information, including the electric quantity and the estimated mileage range of the battery, fault display, satellite positioning and in-vehicle temperature through an interface. Through a remote communication and management mode, the communication system improves the management and control on the electric vehicle so as to improve efficiency, relieves the inconvenience caused by small mileage range of the electric quality of the battery, and provides practicability for the user by the functions of the communication system.


Menstruation cycle is a normal physiological process that is managed differently according to various social and cultural understandings. Aim of the study: to determine the effect of an educational booklet about menstruation on female nursing students' knowledge, practices and beliefs.A convenient sample of 200 female nursing students who enrolled in the first academic year (2017-2018) at the Technical Institute of Nursing affiliated to the University of Alexandria, and accepted to participate in the study were included in the study. The study was done during the first semester of the third year of the academic year (2017-2018). Tools of data collection: Part (I) students' Socio demographic data. Part (II): Students' knowledge about menstruation. Part (III): Students 'practices during menstruation. Part (IV): Students' beliefs about to menstruation. Results: A highly statistically significant difference was observed between pre & post-test as the students' mean knowledge score was good (7%) in pre-test, compared to almost all of them (99%) in post-test. Menstrual practices among them was found to be poor before the educational session, while in the post-test, there were a significant differences in student's level of knowledge and practices. There was a highly statistically significant difference between pre & post-test regarding score of beliefs about menstruation. Conclusion:adolescent girls must be educated about menstrual and hygiene practices to improve menstrual hygiene and bring them out of traditional beliefs, misunderstandings and restrictions on menstruation.. Recommendations: Therefore, it is recommended to implement health educational programs about menstrual hygiene to preparatory and secondary school students to improve their menstrual knowledge, believes and practices..


A variety of instrumental effects can corrupt the observable quantities in optical or nulling stellar interferometry. One such effect is parasitic interference, which can occur inside an interferometric instrument. Because of diffraction effects related to beam propagation along finite size optics, or parasitic reflections inside transmitting optics, a coherent crosstalk may occur between the beams and create a parasitic interference pattern superimposed on the genuine one. We developed an analytical approach to describe the impact of this effect on the observables of classical and nulling stellar interferometers. Considering classical interferometry, we show that differential phase and closure phase are both corrupted, depending on the crosstalk level and the residual piston between the beams. Considering typical specifications of piston correction of ground-based interferometers (≈ 100 nm), the detection of hot Jupiter-like planets by differential phase implies a tolerance on the parasitic flux to about 5% of the incident intensity. Also, we show that the closure phase relation does not remove this parasitic contribution. The corresponding corrupted closure phase is not zero for an unresolved source, and depends on the residual piston. Considering nulling interferometry, we show that parasitic effects modify the transmission map level, depending on the crosstalk level and the phase shift between primary and secondary beams. In the extreme case of a pi-phase shift, the crosstalk effect implies a decrease of the final output signal-to-noise ratio. Numerical simulations, adapted to handle consistently crosstalk, are then performed to estimate this degradation and validate our theoretical study.


The SU(2) gluonic correlation functions, glueball effective masses in the $J^{P}=0^{+}$, $2^{+}$ and $0^{-}$ channels were calculated from the lattice classical gauge configurations which were obtained by smoothing the thermal gauge configurations through the improved cooling method. The instanton-induced attractive force in the $0^{+}$ channel and the repulsive force in the $0^-$ channel are confirmed in the Monte Carlo simulation. There is evidence that the instanton vacuum contribution to the $0^+$ glueball mass is significant.


This article describes and analyzes the development of phonological processes in speech
production of 54 Slovene children aged 3 1/2 to 6 1/2 years for words containing sibilants,
sibilants and affricates as singletons, and in consonant clusters. The test contains 101 words of
different length, including 71 words with sibilants and affricates. Systemic processes are the
most frequent phonological processes, among them alveolo-palatalization.


The health intelligent monitoring system is the medical system aiming at the application of the Internet of Things technology in the field of medical and being based on the latest technologies, such as embedded system, wireless communication, hand-held devices and so on. The purpose of the system is to care the health of the old person in community family. The system have three layer structure:STC12C5A60S2 as the platform for the perception layer, GSM/GPRS wireless transmission as the network layer, the PC and hand-held terminal equipment as the application layer. The software system design of application layer adopts modularized, plug-in and standardized independent subsystem design. All subsystems should be developed according to the demand of the platform and with different software platforms.


Abstract This paper examines the effects of fear arousal and perceived efficacy on the acceptance and rejection of road safety advertising messages that are typical in Australia and New Zealand. Our results suggest that the level of fear arousal could be lowered without a significant effect on the message acceptance rates but could result in a lower rate of message rejection. Our results also suggest that the inclusion of explicit coping strategies in the road safety advertisements has a significant positive effect on message acceptance.


A simple real-time algorithm is presented which accurately predicts a single beat of either sinus rhythm (SR) or ventricular tachycardia (VT) and detects a change from one rhythm to the other. The proposed algorithm learns from previous beats, so the prediction error decreases with time, thus accurately predicting the electrocardiogram. The algorithm detects changes in morphology (such as occurs during the spontaneous onset of VT during SR) by monitoring sudden increases in prediction error and is successful in all cases.


This i m p o r t a n t re la t ion shows t ha t if the approx ima t ion *', is a ve ry poor one, t ha t is, if r,: << r, then one should t a k e oe << fl, and if r~ >> r, then a >> B. However , if r~ is ve ry close to r, t ha t is when r~ 2 n, then a should be t a k e n ve ry close to 5. In par t icular , for the ideal condit ion r~ = r = ~/Tg it corresponds t h a t a = 5. Unless r,. is a very poor approx imat ion to r, in general t ake a very close to 5, t h a t is, oe ~ 5. By doing so we get approx ima t ions of about the same order as those given b y Newton ' s formulas [2] which correspond to the case o~ = 5. Then if r.,: is an approx ima t ion correct to s signifiemit digits, r,+~ will be more or less correct to 2s significant digits. Fo r ti le sake of s impl ic i ty at td also to avoid the ar i thmet ical opera t ion of division, we shall let a q5 = 10 *'+~ where p is a convenient integer. Then the rule a ~-~ fl implies t ha t


: The World is moving with technological revolution. Computers are considered as the principal object in almost all the fields of life. In this concern, needs of biotechnology applications is immensely required to solve complex problems. Cotton plant is an important sector in the field of agriculture. Disease to that particular plant may also cause a loss to the agriculture sector. This paper is aims at dealing with cotton disease and its time based severity. Cotton plant is among those imperative plants which grow majorly in Pakistan and has a huge impact on its economy. Yield amount and quality of cotton plant is compromised every year damaging by some highly harmful diseases. Since, in this paper we presents a methodology to identify the severity level of a common and complex disease namely Cotton leaf curl Disease (CLCuD) by using methods of image processing and machine learning techniques. Color and texture features are used to extract values of an input image while deep learning method is use for decision making purpose. For experimentation process, a dataset of 1600 images is set. A Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is use for the classification. Cumulatively, 89.4% accuracy is received with the proposed model in term of proper identification and classification. This research work will be beneficial for local as well international harvesters and can be used to take time based preventive measures in order to reduce loss percentage.


The primary objective of the paper was to characterize the climatic conditions in the winter season in Poland in the years 1966/67–2019/20. The study was based on daily values of minimum (Tmin) and maximum air temperature (Tmax), and daily values of snow cover depth. The study showed an increase in both Tmin and Tmax in winter. The most intensive changes were recorded in north-eastern and northern regions. The coldest winters were recorded in the first half of the analyzed multiannual period, exceptionally cold being winters 1969/70 and 1984/85. The warmest winters occurred in the second half of the analyzed period and among seasons with the highest mean Tmax, particularly winters 2019/20 and 1989/90 stood out. In the study period, a decrease in snow cover depth statistically significant in the majority of stations in Poland was determined, as well as its variability both within the winter season and multiannual.


The main reserves of oil and gas in Russia are concentrated in the Arctic seas' shelf with severe climate and ice conditions. It creates serious obstacles for the shelf's development. One of the possible effects of ice is abrade the impact of ice cover. Nowadays there are various methods of calculation of the ice depth of abrasion, most of which are based on the determination of the empirical dependence of its intensity (mm / km). In this paper we propose an algorithm to calculate the depth of ice abrasion by volume of the abraded material obtained on the basis of the distribution function of the parameters of the ice regime, that determines the novelty of this research.


Basics of wireless and mobile systems US wireless and mobile systems infrastructure fundementals of cellular channel utilization schemes the advanced mobile phone system (AMPS) IS-41 (companion standard to AMPS) global system for mobile communications (GSM) personal communications services (PCS) satellite-based systems data over the mobil link the cellular digital packet data system security and privacy network management.


Abstract The degradation of dye C.I.Reactive brilliant blue 4 (RB4) was evaluated by using a combined process of Fenton's reagent and sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Fenton treatment was confirmed effective to enhance biodegradability and reduce acute toxicity of RB4 solution by Zahn–Wellens test (ZWT) and MicrotoxTM bacterial bioluminescence assay. As for the initial RB4 concentration of 100 mg/L, the optimum doses for Fenton oxidation were found out to be 0.52 mmol/L of Fe2+ and 5.2 mmol/L of H2O2 dose at pH 3. Under these conditions, the obtained total organic carbon (TOC) and color removal were 44.2 and 100%, respectively. To fully exert the potential of biotreatment of SBR and save the costs of chemical reagents, the dose of Fenton reagent was reduced to Fe2+ 0.39 mmol/L and H2O2 3.9 mmol/L. Thus, the polish step for Fenton's effluent was conducted by SBR, and the overall TOC removal percent can be achieved at 73.5%.


Industrial pollution in Nnewi-North local Government Area, Anambra state, South Eastern Nigeria has become a major environmental concern due to unregulated discharge of industrial emissions and effluents into the environment. However, the paucity of environmental data and research from this area makes it difficult to ascertain the effect of the industrial activities on the surrounding environment. For this reason, it became imperative to assess the impact of the industrial activities on the quality of the surrounding surface and groundwater for agricultural and domestic purposes. To this end, an integration of geological, and geochemical method of analyses was adopted. The geology of the study area was determined through surface geological mapping, 22 groundwater water samples, and 3 surface water samples were collected within the study area following American Public Health Association (APHA) procedures. The sample collections were done in such a way that consider lateral and during the dry season. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), titrimetric and gravimetric, analytical method was used to ascertain the chemical composition of the water. The laboratory and field results were analyzed by employing several geochemical indices calculations, and inferential and summary statistics. Results from groundwater indices such as GWQI, HPI, HEI and Cd calculated with respect to WHO, 2011 and NSDWQ for both dry seasons revealed that the groundwater was contaminated, and unfit for drinking. Then from the surface water samples result of irrigation quality indices such as TH, MH, SAR, RSBC, Na% and PI calculated for dry season, indicated that the surface water is fit for irrigation for all irrigation indices expect RSBC and MH. From the statistics of PCA and T-test it was statistical proven that the source of contamination of surface and groundwater was anthropogenic (that is from industrial waste) and geogenic. Since the groundwater is contaminated, it is therefore recommended that the water should be treated before consumption.


At first,this article describes the significance of applying the multimedia technology to teaching in two aspects,one is to make the abstract become intutionistic so as to be propitious to the obervation,cognition,understanding and mastering teaching material of the students,the other is to make the complex become simple in order to improve the teaching speed,save hours and relieve teachers's labor.Secondly,this article puts an importance on expounding the following three problems about the devices and application of building multimedia classroom.It also introduces the prospect of applying the multimedia technology to teaching.


Thank you for reading the girl who played go. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this the girl who played go, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer. the girl who played go is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the the girl who played go is universally compatible with any devices to read.


This paper reports on a SoTL funded project which sought to examine and develop the role of personal tutoring at Level 4. Research suggests that a highly structured, proactive personal tutoring system which supports students' academic development is essential in easing the transition into HE, developing students' academic confidence and sense of belonging to the institution, which in turn reduces their chances of early withdrawal (Thomas, 2012:42-44). However, while various reports claim that students would prefer increased contact time with their personal tutors, there appears to be a mis-match between such reports and actual engagement with personal tutoring systems. In this paper we present survey and focus group findings evaluating students' experiences of the personal tutoring in the Department of Sociology at Manchester Metropolitan University. The findings suggest the importance of quality, familiarity and consistency in the delivery of personal tuition, and emphasise the significance of the personal tutor role, and in turn institutional support, in achieving this. Background to the Project The purpose of this project was to examine and develop the role of personal tutoring as a strategy to ease Level 4 students' transition into HE, develop their academic confidence and sense of belonging to their course and institution. Personal tutoring is identified as a key factor in nurturing belonging and academic confidence, and for these reasons is particularly crucial for Level 4 students to support their transition into HE (Thomas, 2012). However while research such as NUS' Student Experience Research 2012; Part 1: Teaching & Learning found that 41.9% of respondents would like more contact time with their personal tutors there appears to be a gap between such reports and students' actual engagement with personal tutoring


ABSTRACT Grass carp is the most important freshwater fish in China, and salting is the main processing method. This study investigated the effect of brine injection on flavor of grass carp muscle compared with brining at low temperature (4°C) and room temperature (20°C) respectively. Salt content, free amino acids, nucleotides, equivalent umami concentration (EUC) and texture were evaluated as flavor indicators during salting. The results showed that brine injection groups reached equilibrium in 3 h and 5 h at 20°C and 4°C, respectively. Brining groups reached equilibrium in 5 h and 7 h at 20°C and 4°C, respectively. The equilibrium salt content was about 1.76%, and there was no significant deterioration in terms of the other indicators mentioned above by two different methods. The results of this research indicate the feasibility and the great economic potential of brine injection, and also provide the theoretical basis to promote this method in processing of aquatic products.


This study aims to determine the effect of using NetSupport School software on environmental pollution subject matter on student learning outcomes. This is a quasi-experimental research. The research design used is a posttest only control group design. The research sample consisted of three groups taken randomly. The first group is the control group which does not use learning multimedia, the second group is experiment group 1 which uses an LCD projector, and the third group is experiment group 2 using NetSupport School software. The data collection instruments are in the form of posttest questions and affective questionnaire sheets. The data analysis technique was carried out using the One-Way ANOVA test. The results showed that: 1). hypothesis testing of cognitive learning outcomes showed that there was a significant effect on all groups. Of the three groups, experiment group 2 had the highest mean value. 2). the hypothesis test of affective learning outcomes showed that there was a significant effect on all groups. Of the three groups, experiment group 2 had the highest mean value. Based on these results, it is concluded that the NetSupport School software application has a significant effect on students' cognitive and affective learning outcomes.


Pot experiment was carried out to study the K efficiency among 50 early rice and 47 second rice varieties under lwo K levels. The results showed that there were great differences among rice varieties in the relative economical yield (REY), relative biomass yield (RBY) and responsiveness to K supply. "Guichao 13", "Nonglin 35", "Qingwanqiu", "IR8 xuan", "Bendigeng" possessed high K utilization efficiency, which had the characteristics of higher yield, stronger K absorption ability, higher K utilization index and higher economical K efficiency ratio in low K level. "Guichao 13" was more prominent. There was positive correlation between biomass yield and amount of K absorption.


Distributed network computing environments have become a cost effective and popular choice to achieve high performance and to solve large scale computation problems. Unlike past supercomputers, a cluster or grid or peer-to-peer (P2P) system can be used as multipurpose computing platform to run diverse high performance parallel applications. Cluster computing environment consist of Personal Computers (PCs) that are interconnected using high speed networks and are located at same location where as grid computing involves coupled and coordinated use of geographically distributed resources for purposes such as large scale computation and distributed data analysis. Peer-To-Peer is composed of participants that make a portion of their resources (such as processing power, disk storage, and network bandwidth) available directly to their peers without intermediary network hosts or servers. Load Balancing (LB) in a distributed system is a process of sharing computational resources by transparently distributing system workload. A workstation user may not use the machine all the time, but may require more than it while working actively. Some resources may be heavily loaded, while other remains idle. Performance enhancement is one of the most important issues in distributed system. The performance of the system can often be improved to an acceptable level simply by distributing the load among the resources.


Tobacco habit is one of the main etiological factors responsible for cancer in body's multiple organs due to the presence of numerous carcinogens. In different animal models, it was evident that the carcinogens could induce carcinogenesis in multiple organs depending on its route of exposure site (e.g., skin, oral cavity, and lung), metabolism (e.g., liver and lung), and excretion (e.g., lung and kidney). It was evident that the active carcinogen metabolites could induce cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, bind to DNA/RNA/proteins, thereby transforming the stem cell of the specific organs toward neoplasm. Different epidemiological studies including our own showed few natural compounds might reduce the risk of tobacco-induced carcinogenesis. The anticarcinogenic roles of crude extract as well as active compounds of such natural dietary ingredients were also evaluated by several in vivo animal models. Most of the active components have potential antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic roles. For better understanding, the roles of three different types of compounds were selected for this review 1. Tea polyphenols from Camellia sinensis: epigallocatechin gallate and theaflavin; 2. amarogentin from Swertia chirata; and 3. Eugenol from Syzygium aromaticum. Studies showed that three types of compounds could restrict the carcinogenesis in different organs at premalignant stages. This might be due to antioxidation and activation of detoxification system, inhibition of cancer initiating stem cell population, modulation of multiple cellular pathways associated with cell cycle, cell proliferation, and survival which ultimately lead to restrict tumor development at initiation/promotion stage.


The torus palatinus is an alteration of common developmental
and its surgical removal is generally indicated
when trauma on the lesion occurs or when it causes
interference on the confection of dental prosthesis. The
authors report two cases of surgical removal of torus
palatine to confection of dental prosthesis. They discuss
the different types of incision which cam be used in the
surgical technique as well.


There are both an obvious refusal and a hidden acceptance in the relation between Confucianism and Chinese modern world.This state not only shapes the specific characteristics of Chinese modernity,which shows that Chinese modern world is established under the situation in which Confucianism is not refused entirely;but also determines Chinese modern intellectuals' mission,in which they need to criticize the political philosophy of Confucianism further more and have to deal with modernity by getting help from Confucianism.


This paper describes a new concept of active modulation image processing and also shows a simple real-time linear image processing apparatus based on this concept. The apparatus contains a vibrating mirror and a combination of the CCD image sensor camera and the video frame integrator, which are used as the image translator and the bipolar weighted integrator with object images, respectively. Experimental results with the Laplacian operation and image restoration under the basis of a pseudo-Wiener filter show that the present image processing technique has practical potential.


Abstract: This paper presents modeling, performance evaluation, and comparative analysis of speed performance of brushless DC motor (BLDCM) by using digital controllers. Speed performance analysis is carried out by using time response specifications which are useful for determining the effectiveness of the digital controllers. The wide spread of BLDCM in many areas due to the advantages of BLDCM over the conventional widely used motors such as induction motor and brushed DC motor. Advantages of BLDCM include higher efficiency, lower maintenance, longer life, reduced losses, single excitation, etc. Controllers are used to improve the transient and steady state speed response of the BLDCM. In many applications conventional PID controller is widely used to control the speed of the BLDCM but the main issue with the conventional PID controller is that it requires manual tuning of the parameters such as proportional, integral, and derivative gain constant. Even though the autotuning methods are available with the PID controller it is not adaptive itself to handle the conditions such as variations in parameters, disturbances in load, etc. In this Paper the Fuzzy-PID controller is used to control the speed of the BLDCM and Transient and steady state speed performance analysis is carried out using conventional PID controller and Fuzzy-PID to showcase the comparative analysis between two controllers. MATLAB/SIMULINK environment is used for modeling of the BLDCM and its drive/control system. Keywords: Brushless DC Motor (BLDCM), Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), Modeling of BLDC drive/control system, of PID controller, Transient and steady state analysis


—Manual processes are still evident in firms today despite the advancements in technology. Reducing manual processes can improve an organization's competitiveness by maximizing resources and preventing disruptions. The current reimbursement process of Company ABC is a manual process that utilizes manpower, material, and financial resources. This study aims to propose an employee reimbursement system to facilitate the process using the systems analysis approach, which consists of modeling requirements, data and process modeling, object modeling, and consideration of development strategies. The JUSTINMIND software was used as the prototyping tool for the design of the user interface. The proposed process may facilitate the reimbursement process through by reducing manual workload through process automation.


A statistical approach is developed to forecast rainfall with a lead time of 3 days on the basis of factors from 500-hpa, 700-hpa and 850hpa isobaric surfaces. The procedure to set up the forecasting model includes the steps of partitioning storm-type and constructing the forecasting equations for each storm-type. Application of the proposed method is presented for Panjiakou Reservoir basin in the north of China. Results indicate that the approach is easy to use with fewer data requirements. It is shown that the method is applicable to the prediction of medium-term rainfall for practical use.


The idea that linear perspective arose only in the West due to the strength of an unusual process of rationalization is denied by the fact that IXth century Islamic scholars had yet a thorough knowledge of the optical and geometrical materials required in perspective. In addition, the process of rationalization was rarely so intense as in that time, because truth uniqueness and scientific communalism were core values of Medieval Islam. The puzzle is not a matter of less or more rationality, but a matter of axiological motives. First, Islamic disregard for perspective is the result of a value-set insofar painters were fearing the hadiths' prohibition, or wished to avoid pretentiousness of their name (musawwir). Second, Islamic art did not draw from Qur'ân and hadith's precepts directly. Third, painters implemented axiological motives, to put iconic practice in accordance with aniconic leanings.


High-performance photonic integer and fractional-order Hilbert transformers, with processing bandwidths above 350 GHz, are experimentally realized using laterally-apodized Bragg gratings in SOI wafers.


Study Design. Range of motion, neutral zone, and stiffness parameters of the complete cervical, thoracic, and lumbar sheep spine were determined in flexion and extension, axial left/right rotation, and right/left lateral bending. Objectives. To determine quantitative biomechanical properties of the sheep spine and compare them with those from the human spine. Summary of Background Data. Sheep spines often serve as a model for experimental in vivo and in vitro studies in spine research, but few quantitative biomechanical data from sheep spines for comparison with human specimens are available. Methods. Complete spines were sectioned into single‐joint segments and tested in a spine tester under pure moments in the three main anatomic planes. Results. The craniocaudal variation in range of motion in all load directions was qualitatively similar between sheep spines and values reported in the literature for human specimens. Conclusions. Based on the biomechanical similarities of sheep and human spines demonstrated in this study, it appears that the use of the sheep spine, which already includes evaluation of surgical techniques and bone healing processes, might be extended to spinal implants.


Regulation of class II MHC gene expression, including the HLA-DQ genes, is primarily at the level of transcription. Locus-specific control of DQ gene transcription is both tissue-specific and developmentally regulated and relies on complex mechanisms involving specific DNA-protein interactions. Electrophoretic mobility shift and DNase I protection assays demonstrate the presence of unique nuclear protein interactions with the consensus W and Y box elements in the DQB1 promoter region in DQ-negative cell lines. Based on these and other recent studies, a multistage model of DQ gene regulation is outlined to account for specific patterns of DQ gene expression.


Difficulties arise in the definition of power flow in transmission-line systems with a complex propagation constant. These were resolved by Kurokawa using quantities known as "power waves," which contain both voltage and current terms and correctly separate power flow into forward- and backward-traveling components. Similar difficulties must arise for electromagnetic metamaterials since any discrete, periodic structure leads to band-limited propagation, with a complex propagation constant both inside and outside the bands due to loss and cutoff, respectively. Here, discrete power waves are defined for magneto-inductive (MI) systems, metamaterials based on chains of magnetically coupled LC resonators. These waves are shown to satisfy the discrete power conservation equation for MI waves and are used to calculate scattering parameters for multi-port MI devices without the anomalous predictions of conventional methods. The results will allow correct evaluation of internal scattering parameters in MI systems.


In order to solve the problem of sliding in measuring tubing length with mechanical transmission,a mathematical model of measuring tubing length was established and analyzed,active force compensation method based the combination of a variety of ways was proposed to settle the problem,it provides a theoretical basis for improving the tubing length measurement system of mechanical transmission,the precision of measurement and efficiency are further improved for rising the efficiency of field operation and reducing production cost.


We report the genomic features of Bradyrhizobium sp. strain SRS-191, which was isolated from a former nuclear legacy site in Aiken, South Carolina, USA. With a genome size of 7,621,400 bp, the strain harbored genes not only for environmentally beneficial traits (e.g., heavy metal resistance, nitrogen fixation, and aromatic biodegradation) but also for antimicrobial resistance. ABSTRACT We report the genomic features of Bradyrhizobium sp. strain SRS-191, which was isolated from a former nuclear legacy site in Aiken, South Carolina, USA. With a genome size of 7,621,400 bp, the strain harbored genes not only for environmentally beneficial traits (e.g., heavy metal resistance, nitrogen fixation, and aromatic biodegradation) but also for antimicrobial resistance.


Nutritional parameters of six sugar beet genotypes were evaluated for suitability as forage in rabi season. The leaf lamina, leaf petiole and root portion were separately evaluated for quality traits. The genotype Calixta accumulated highest DM content in all parts of sugar beet. The DM and OM contents were higher in leaf lamina than leaf petiole and storage roots. The genotype Shubhra recorded highest (P<0.05) CP content (22.6%) in leaf lamina. Among plant parts, CP, ADF, NDF and total ash content were high in leaf lamina compared to leaf petiole and root portion. Cauvery and SZ-35 showed highest (P<0.05) sucrose content in roots. Total sucrose content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were higher (P<0.05) in roots followed by leaf petiole and leaf lamina. All genotypes had tendency to accumulate nitrate-N in root portion as compared to leaf petiole and leaf lamina. Magnolia recorded the highest nitrate-N content in root. De-sugared cossette and byproduct of sugar industry showed higher (P<0.05) IVDMD and lower nitrate-N content than root portion.


Introduction: The myeloproliferative neoplasm, polycythemia vera (PV) significantly impacts the quality of life of afflicted patients. The traditional therapies of phlebotomy, aspirin and cytoreductive medicines center on decreasing the risk of vascular events, but can be inadequate to improve symptom burden. Over time, these therapies may become ineffective or patients may develop intolerances providing a need for more therapeutic options. Areas covered: Recently, the randomized Phase III RESPONSE trial has demonstrated the ability to improve hematocrit control, reduce splenomegaly and improve symptoms in patients with PV. This has led to the US FDA and the European Commission approval of ruxolitinib for patients with PV who have an inadequate response or intolerance to hydroxyurea (HU). The RELIEF trial recently showed a trend for improved symptom control when ruxolitinib replaced HU in patients attaining good disease control, but inadequate symptom control on HU. Expert opinion: Ruxolitinib offers another option for therapy in PV with efficacy in hematocrit control, reducing splenomegaly and symptom burden. Future goals include knowing at what juncture in PV should Janus kinase 2 inhibitors be introduced in PV.


A nonequilibrium Green's-function T -matrix approach is presented for the consistent computation of semiconductor quantum-well optical spectra including strong Coulomb correlations in the coupled photon and carrier system. Numerical solutions of the Bethe-Salpeter-type equations yield good agreement with recent absorption and/or gain and emission experiments.


This article analyzes how viewers of Fringe (FOX 2008-2013) make sense of the series' complex science fictional storyworld. It argues that Fringe presents multiple iterations of worlds and characters in a way that encourages 'cofactual' interpretation: rather than figuring parallel universes and alternate timelines as ontologically hierarchical, the narrative accommodates all versions of reality and invites viewers to participate in shaping the multiverse. The article offers a close reading of Fringe's complex narrative structure alongside an exploration of how audiences responded to and impacted the series through fannish practices such as vidding and narrative mapping. It concludes that cofactual narration opens up an array of participatory practices that blur the text/paratext distinction and facilitate interactive storyworld building.


The article discusses the paradigm shift from traditional mathematical models of control theory to the A.N. Kolmogorov's algorithmic theory of computer science. A comparison between the identifiable object information and Shannon's ensemble (entropy) information. The proposed algorithmic models based on the respective approximations of space filling curves also regarded as self-similar recursive structure (fractal approach).


The population of women veterans is increasing as more women enroll in military service. Women veterans are disproportionately impacted by homelessness; at least 2 studies have found that women veterans have a higher risk for homelessness than female nonveterans. Also, studies have found women veterans to have a greater risk of homelessness than their male counterparts, and particular subgroups of women veterans are more likely to use the Veterans Health Administration's (VHA) Homeless Programs than male veterans. Differences in prevalence, characteristics, and patterns of homelessness between men and women veterans suggest that women veterans may have distinct risks for and pathways into homelessness. Risk factors for homelessness for women veterans include nonwhite race, single or divorced marital status, unemployment and disability, mental health conditions, traumatic brain injury, substance use disorder, and indicators of experiences of trauma, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and history of military sexual trauma (MST), defined by Veterans Affairs (VA) as "sexual assault or repeated, threatening sexual harassment that a veteran experienced during his or her military service." Previous research has not revealed substantially different risk factors for homelessness for men and women; however, some risk factors such as MST disproportionately affect women. Research has inadequately explored factors that may explain women veterans' transitions into housing instability. Given women veterans' unique needs—for This article was externally peer reviewed. Submitted 30 June 2020; revised 1 December 2020; accepted 29 December 2020. From Department of Behavioral and Social Science, University of Sciences (EM); National Center on Homelessness among Veterans (DS); National Center on Homelessness among Veterans, Birmingham VA Medical Center, and University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL (AEM). Conflict of interest: We have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Funding: The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Corresponding author: Ellen Mulcahy, PhD, University of the Sciences, Department of Behavioral and Social Science, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4495 (Email: firstname.lastname@example.com).


The dynamic programming and branch-and-bound approaches are combined to produce a hybrid algorithm for separable discrete mathematical programs. The hybrid algorithm uses linear programming in a novel way to compute bounds and is readily extended to solve a family of parametric integer programs with related right-hand-sides.


We present informal documentation for a group of IDL programs: POLARIZE.PRO, POLAR.PRO, and POLARPLOT.PRO This set of programs produce polarization coefficient images from observed data images taken with NIC1 or NIC2. These images are derived based on various input parameters from the user. From the derived coefficient images, the intensity image is displayed and options to superimpose polarization vectors or contour lines is given.


This article presents the most important categories of scientific and/or quasi-scientific works and sources on the contemporary military that have appeared in socialist states. In addition, it points out that major characteristics of these works stem largely from the peculiarities of the socialist political systems and their dominant ideologies. The great imbalance between the immense quantity and, on average, low scientific quality of the works published on the contemporary military is discussed, along with the relationship between this production in socialist states and Marxism.


Crop production is constrained by pests and diseases which severely impacts the quantity and quality available in the value chain in the world. The hypothesis of this work was that crop production in Sibut is or not affected by the pests. The data were analyzed by a factor analysis of correspondence formed by two groups of crops/ Insects species. The Group I contained sensitive insects to Lycopersicum esculentum, Abelmoschus esculentus and Capsicum annuun. There were: Sarcophaga carnari, Eutolmus rufibarbis, Homorocoryphus vicinus, Aiolopus simulatrix, Gastrimargus africanus, Ornithacris turbida, Zonocerus variegatus, Apis mellifera, Cletus ochraceus, Euschistus servus, Nezara viridula, Dysdercus volkeri, Cofana spectra, Poophilus costalis, Bemisia tabaci, Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Liptena simplicia, Pentila pauli, Heliothis armigera, Hymenia recurvalis, Mylabris variabilis, Lagria cuprina, Lagria hirta, Glischrochilus quadrisignatus, Coccinella septempunctata, Neoceratitis cyanescens, Autographa gamma and Helicoverpa armigera.The group II contained sensitive insects to Arachis hypogaea and Zea mays. There were: Cletus ochraceus, Eurema brigitta, Agrotis ipsilonand Aulacorthum solani. The result obtained could be useful as a baseline for further research on control of insect pests in the affected areas in Sibut.


Regionalization for sandy desertification prevention and control is of great importance in arid and semiarid regions.Up to now,however,the researches on regionalization for sandy desertification prevention and control in Xinjiang are neither systematic and nor comprehensive.Considering this,a regionalization scheme for sandy desertification prevention and control in Xinjiang is carried out by us recently.In this paper,the indexes and methods of this scheme are mainly introduced.In order to link up with the national regionalization for sandy desertification prevention and control,the names of two subareas in Xinjiang in the "national anti-desertification planning" are changed only,and these two subareas are taken as the first-level subareas.The genetic and evolutional conditions of sandy desertification in Xinjiang are quite different because Xinjiang is vast,and the second-level subareas are delimited based on the large morphologic units.Five main indexes,i.e.the sand weather index,land cover index,vegetation coverage index,gale index and elevation index,are used in the third-level regionalization on the basis of the second-level subareas and in view of the available data,the applicability of indexes used by former scholars and the characteristics of sandy desertification in Xinjiang.Moreover,other 4 factors,i.e.the physiogeographic units,county-level administrative boundaries,rain-fed vegetation boundaries,population density of farmlands and residential areas,and population-farmland proportion,are used as the subsidiary indexes,and then the third-level subareas and their boundaries are delimited.


Shipbuilding intermediate products bring about optimized question in multi-sub-production process.Double-decked bottom sub-production program is taken as contrast example.Utilizing the method based on ANP fuzzy comprehensive judgment,the optimized question in sub-production processes is researched.The optimized result can synthesize subjective and objective factor reasonably.The computation result indicates this judgment law is theoretically more complete and scientific.


PVDF hollow fiber membrane was prepared by dry-wet spinning technology. The effects of the additives, such as, the pore-forming agent of polymer, the non-solvent, and the surface active agent, on the process of preparing membrane are studied. The results show that the pore-forming agent of polymer is able to increase the viscosity and emulsification of the solution; the non-solvent of small molecular weight is able to decrease the viscosity of the solution and promote the micro-phase separation; and the small-molecular surface active agent is able to increase the stability of the solution. As a result, based on the combined additive, PVDF hollow fiber membrane with the proper pore size, high water flux can be prepared by adjusting the ratio of three kinds of additives.


Stimulate forward-looking cross-disciplinary research and knowledge exchange in order to demonstrate key principles and to generate and distribute tools and building blocks for SB


The book Negotiating Urban Space:Urbanization and Late Ming Nanjing written by Si-yen Fei puts forward a new perspective into the understanding of urbanism in the imperial period.Si-yen Fei points out that we should not regard the urbanism in Ming dynasty as a product of the economic development of Song dynasty.Instead,we should make analysis on the systemic and cultural factors according to the features of Ming dynasty.These reflections and discussions of Si-yen Fei shed light on relevant studies in China.


Based on discerption between sampling and processing, and fact circs o f the enterprise, the entire plan is presented. The database based on the multie quipment is established and in Windows NT, Network Distributed Database of mult iequipments monitoring and diagnosis has been developed using Delphi and SQL Ser ver.


Let $f(x)$ be the density function of the a priori distribution of a particle in $R^n $. The strategy of search is defined by a function $\alpha = \alpha (x,t) \geqq 0$, $\int_{R^n } {\alpha (x,t)} dx = 1$. The probability of finding the particle at a point x during time t, under the condition that it is there, using the strategy $\alpha $, is given by the functional II $(\int_0^t {\alpha (x,t)dt,x} )$. Let $P_\alpha (T)$ be the probability of finding the particle using the strategy $\alpha $ during the time T. A strategy $\alpha ^ * $ is uniformly optimal if $P_{\alpha ^ * } (T) = \sup _\alpha P_\alpha (T)$ for any $T > 0$. In a very general case we prove the existence of the strategy $\alpha ^ * $ and find its explicit form.


Pernambuco society, although multi-racial, ignored public discussion of racial issues until the 1930s, when Recife's Gilberto Freyre won acclaim (and notoriety) for his writings on folklore and race. Although abolitionist sentiment had run high during the 1880s, the institution of slavery had been long since dying in the region. Existing sources of seasonal labour within the stagnant agricultural market met the needs of the sugar planters. Consequently so many slaves were sold annually to southern purchasers that the provinces of Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and Minas Gerais imposed a high entry tax on slaves after 1876, fearing that slave sources in the Northeast might become depleted, and not wishing to deter would-be European immigrants. When emancipation came in 1888, only about 41,000 slaves were left in Pernambuco. After abolition, living conditions for ex-slaves probably declined, as the labour pool increased and the sugar economy remained in a state of dcprcssion. I


The Hall coefficient and Hall mobility have been measured in the temperature range 300-800 K on samples of $n$-type vapor-phase epitaxial GaAs from which the substrate has been removed by polishing to eliminate substrate conduction at high temperatures. The mobility varies as ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}1.25}$ in the range 300-500 K and is compared with recent theoretical calculations. The thermal transfer of electrons from the $〈000〉$ to $〈100〉$ conduction-band minima is evident in the temperature dependence of both the mobility and the Hall coefficient, and the latter is used to derive the energy separation of these valleys as 0.38\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 eV using an analysis which minimises the effect of the temperature variation of the Hall scattering factor.


This work presents a solution to automate a low power proton exchange membrane fuel cell system. Preliminary studies indicate that it is possible to modify the fuel cell behavior when a variation of the hydrogen flow is presented. This criterion was used to propose a control problem based on the requirement to regulate the incoming hydrogen flow. Considering that incoming hydrogen is generated by an electrolyser, an unconventional solution that manipulates the incoming electric energy through the electrolyser is proposed, this modifies the hydrogen production and thus, controls the supply gas.


The generation and study of 'cold' gas-phase molecules characterised by very low translational temperatures T trans ≤ 1 K is an upcoming field of research in physical chemistry which has received considerable attention over the past years. A particular interesting form of cold molecules are ensembles of cold localised cations in ion traps which form ordered structures known as 'Coulomb crystals'. The present article reviews the experimental methods used for the generation of atomic and molecular Coulomb crystals and highlights recent experiments which take advantage of their intriguing properties in order to study chemical reactions at very low temperatures with single-particle sensitivity.


The cold heading plastic process for the cone-shaped ball billet is analyzed,and the evaluation indexes are established,such as plumpness,roundness,cold heading force and volume.The virtual orthogonal test is designed,and the reasonable process parameters are derived for the ball billet and the main dimension of the dies by the simulation and analysis of DEFORM.By comparison,the cold heading force of the optimized ball billet can be reduced by 35%,and wear of the dies is greatly improved.


In this work, we develop an array of biosensors for the selective dielectrophoretic capture and electrochemical detection of single to few melanoma cells. Each biosensor in the array consists of a gold thin film interdigitated bipolar electrode (IDBPE) patterned on a glass substrate. Microwells are patterned over the interdigitated end of each IDBPE to restrict the number of cells captured and to retain cells on the electrodes for subsequent analysis. An overlying microfluidic channel controls delivery of the cell sample to the microwells. Cells are attracted to the interdigitated electrode by a positive dielectrophoretic force, thereby pulling them into the microwells, where they remain trapped during the next step – introduction of reagents for electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (eELISA). The dimensions of the wells, solution flow rate, and AC voltage applied all support the retention of the cells on the electrodes once they are captured.
 A bipolar electrode (BPE) is a conductor, which in the presence of an externally applied electric field, facilitates electrically coupled faradaic reactions at its opposing ends. In the context of analysis, a sensing reaction at one pole of the BPE is coupled to a reporting reaction, which produces a visual signal at the opposite pole. Because of their wireless operation, arrays of tens to thousands of BPEs can be operated in parallel with a single power supply – an advantageous feature for parallel analysis of few or single cells. However, traditional BPEs with electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) as the reporting reaction do not provide sufficient sensitivity for biologically relevant detection limits, and therefore, require a means of signal amplification for such applications. To address this issue, we previously developed IDBPEs, which facilitate redox cycling by interdigitation of the sensing pole of each BPE of an array with a shared driving electrode, thereby yielding more intense ECL at the reporting pole.1

 In the present study, the interdigitated end of the IDBPE is utilized for eELISA to quantify the expression of a cell surface antigen, melanoma cell adhesion marker (MCAM). Cells are labelled with biotinylated anti-human MCAM and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) conjugated streptavidin. Once cells are captured, the redox inactive substrate, para-aminophenyl phosphate (PAPP), is flowed through the microchannels and ALP catalyzes its conversion to the redox active species para-aminophenol (PAP). The amplified current obtained at each IDBPE by the redox cycling of PAP and its oxidized form, quinone imine (QI), is reported by an ECL reaction on its opposing pole. The ECL signal obtained at each IDBPE is correlated to the expression level of MCAM on the melanoma cells isolated in the corresponding well. This work is significant because it allows for the sensitive detection of melanoma cells in a device amenable to point-of-care application by combining selective enrichment of malignant cells by dielectrophoresis with the amplification and facile arraying afforded by IDBPEs.

 Borchers, J.S., Campbell, C.R., Van Scoy, S.B., Clark, M.J. and Anand, R.K. (2021), Redox Cycling at an Array of Interdigitated Bipolar Electrodes for Enhanced Sensitivity in Biosensing. ChemElectroChem. https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202100523


Against the background of large fluctuations in world commodity prices and global growth, combined with ongoing structural changes relating to globalisation, this paper examines some of the key factors affecting global inflation. The paper investigates the effects of shocks affecting relative prices and structural changes on global inflation by: estimating a global vector autoregression (GVAR) to examine how oil price shocks feed through to core and headline inflation; calculating the impact of increased imports from low-cost countries on manufacturing import prices; and estimating Phillips curves in order to shed light on whether the inflationary process in OECD countries has changed over time, particularly with respect to the roles of import prices, unit labour costs and the output gap. Overall, the paper finds that there seem to be various significant pressures on global trade prices and labour markets associated with structural factors. These are possibly partly due to globalisation which, in addition to changes in monetary policy, seem to be behind some of the changes in the inflation process over the period examined in this paper.


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients show a myriad of energetic abnormalities, such as weight loss, hypermetabolism, and dyslipidaemia. Evidence suggests that these indices correlate with and ultimately affect the duration of survival. This review aims to discuss ALS metabolic abnormalities in the context of autophagy, the primordial system acting at the cellular level for energy production during nutrient deficiency. As the primary pathway of protein degradation in eukaryotic cells, the fundamental role of cellular autophagy is the adaptation to metabolic demands. Therefore, autophagy is tightly coupled to cellular metabolism. We review evidence that the delicate balance between autophagy and metabolism is aberrant in ALS, giving rise to intracellular and systemic pathophysiology observations. Understanding the metabolism autophagy crosstalk can lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for ALS.


Objective: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is generally regarded as a successful procedure, however only 65% of patients return to their pre-injury sport. While return to sport rates are likely higher in younger patients, there is a paucity of data on this topic. The purpose of this study was to investigate a range of return to sport outcomes in younger athletes who had undergone ACL reconstruction surgery. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study design. A group of 140 young patients (<20 years at surgery) who had one ACL reconstruction and no subsequent ACL injuries were surveyed regarding details of their sport participation at an average follow up of 5 years (range 3-7). Results: Overall, 76% of the young patient group returned to the same pre-injury sport. Return rates were higher for males than females (81% vs. 71% respectively, p>0.05). Of those who returned to their sport, 65% reported that they could perform as well as before the ACL injury and 66% were still currently playing in their respective sport. Young athletes who never returned to sport cited fear of a new injury (37%) or study/work commitments (30%) as the primary reasons. For those who had successfully returned to their pre-injury sport but subsequently stopped playing, the most common reason was study/work commitments (53%). At follow-up 48% of female patients were still participating in Level I sports as were 54% of males. Conclusions: A high percentage of younger patients return to their pre-injury sport following ACL reconstruction surgery. For this group who have not sustained a second ACL injury, the majority continue to play and are satisfied with their performance.


On the theory of natural value and ecology,Ralston put forward the most practical part in the environmental ecology,that is,natural philosophy should combine with existential philosophy and the country,enterprises and individuals must make proper decisions in front of environmental matters.This theory provides a methodological reference for easing the global environmental crisis and getting rid of the ethical dilemma of environmental issues,and also provides a reference and support for China to build environment-friendly society and a harmonious society.


This paper describes the study of the behavior of two-dimensional and parallel horizontal flat plates with uniform internal heat generation subjected to laminar forced convection of water. The governing equations are solved numerically using the finite volume technique with Power-Law interpolating scheme and the SIMPLE algorithm. After the simulations the temperature and velocity fields were obtained for various plates spacing and fluid inlet velocities, as well as the Nusselt number values.


BACKGROUND: Thalassemia is considered the most common hemoglobinopathy in Egypt and is one of its major health problems. Lifelong red blood cell (RBC) transfusion remains the main treatment for severe forms; however, RBC alloimmunization results as a complication of regular transfusions due to repeated exposure to foreign antigens. The objective was to compare the frequency of alloantibodies in a group of patients in a limited donor exposure program (LDEP) with those receiving RBCs from multiple donors in Egyptian transfusion‐dependent patients with thalassemia.


Winter Camelina (Camelina sylvestris) is an oilseed crop of the Brassicaceae family, the oil of which is used in various industries. Sowing dates and sowing rates have a significant impact on the productivity of camelina in the arid conditions of Black Sea region. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sowing dates and sowing rates on the duration of the growing season, field germination, winter hardiness and yield structure in Black Sea region. The agroclimatic resources of Black Sea region allow the successful introduction of winter camelina, which is distinguished by their broad agroecological resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. The Penzyak variety of winter camelina is well adapted in the zone and is able to form a satisfactory yield in a wide calendar range. By correcting certain technology elements taking into account meteorological conditions, it is possible to create prerequisites for a more complete realization of the potential productivity of culture. The length of the growing season of camelina in the Black Sea region is from 179 to 269 days, depending on the sowing period and weather conditions. The winter hardiness of winter camelina in the Black Sea region depends on the sowing period: when sowing on September 15 and 30 and on October 15 it is high and reaches 92-100%. The winter hardiness of the late sowing season depends on the prevailing weather conditions in the winter: in some years it can be high (98–99%), but in the years when bulging and blowing of plants by the wind is manifested, it decreases to 44–49% when sowing on October 30, and to 20% when sowing on November 15.


An approach to filtering of multidimensional signals from static scenes observation, based on splitting of argument multitude to three space coordinates and time coordinate with next filtering space time signals in time domain, is worked out. It is shown that main source of errors by such filtering is a disturbances of space coordinates for different time intervals. The procedure of optimal coordinates straighten out is proposed.


Complicated information system (CIS) contains many inhomogeneous applications which require security, interoperability, extensibility. The paper presents a secure CIS architecture model to conduct the construction or reconstruction of CIS. Using layered method, it divides CIS into modules and reduces system complexity. Web service technology is widely adopted in layers to fulfill interoperability and extensibility. It uses encryption support layer, security protection and reliability support layer to guarantee system security and stability in different aspects. It uses system management layer to make CIS administrable. It suits highly security-critical environment such as government and bank. Been properly simplified, it can be applied to relative simple information system too.


Objective To investigate the clinical effects of irbesartan on left ventricle 0.1%procaine hydrochloride in normal saline 0.1%hypertrophy (LVH)in patients with essential hypertension.Methods A total of 60 left ventricle hypertrophy in patients with essential hypertension patients were randomly divided into irbesartan group(30 cases,150 mg/d)and benazepril group(30 cases,10 mg/d).6 months was a course of treatment.Blood pressure was measured;LVDD,LVST,LVPWT and LVMI were examined before and after treatment.Results 6 months after treatment,blood pressure decreased compared with that before the treatment(P0.05).Values of LVDD,LVST,LVPWT and LVMI were found significantly changed compared with values before the treatment(P0.05).Blood pressure,LVDD,LVST,LVPWT and LVMI in irbesartan group were slightly decreased than those in benazepril group (P0.05).Adverse reaction were rarely found in both groups.Conclusion Irbesartan a can effectively decrease blood pressure on left ventricle hypertrophy in patients with essential hypertension with few adverse reaction.


In a recent papers and film" a new method of columellization in chronic ear surgery, using either 2or 3-legged stainless steel wire, was presented. This reconstruction method was primarily devised for use in ears with absent drum, malleus and incus, subjected to tympanomastoidectomy with total removal of the bridge and subsequent cavity obliteration. In such ears ordinary methods for wire reconstruction'P could not be made in the absence of anchoring points. This 2-leg~ed prosthesis was prepared by hand, initially of 5and presently of 4-zero wire, starting from the loop encircling the stapes head and ending with the two feet designed to rest on the bone in the Eustachian tube area and in the anterior tympanum. The prosthesis needed no anchoring since the covering fascia kept it in its proper place (Fig. 1).


Light sterile neutrinos with a mass around 1 eV have been studied for many years as a possible explanation of the so called short-baseline neutrino oscillation anomalies. Recently, several neutrino oscillation experiments reported preferences for non-zero values of the mixing angles and squared mass differences for active-sterile mixing, which however are not always in agreement. I review our current knowledge of the light sterile neutrino in the 3+1 model, starting with a separate discussion on the status of the most relevant searches and then analyzing the problems that arise when combining different probes in a global fit. A short summary on the tension with cosmological observations is also provided.


As part of the Government role in formulating and implementing policies that drives economic output, the need to examine whether or not these policies affect economic growth is useful and timely. The study was conducted by regressing economic output on four fiscal variables such as: government consumption expenditure, taxes, and government investment expenditure and government transfers whilst private investments, labour force and terms of trade as the non-fiscal variables. The analyses were based on time series data covering the period of 1980-2016. The study applies the Dickey-Fuller test for stationary and bounds test approach to cointegration for the estimation of an autoregressive distributed lag model. The result shows that in the long-run government investments and government expenditure affect economic growth positively. Keywords : Expenditure, Growth, Fiscal policy; Budget; Government spending; GDP DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/11-26-14 Publication date :September 30 th 2019


The present study aimed to investigate the histological alterations in common carp gills caused by a fosetyl-Al and fenamidone based fungicide tested in laboratory conditions at 30, 38 and 50 mg/L concentration. In general, all the tested concentrations activated compensatory-adaptive mechanisms, which caused pathological changes in the fish gills. Results showed different histological alterations in the gill structure, which included lamellar lifting, edema, proliferation of the glandular cells and epithelium, covering the gill filament, fusion and degenerative alterations. Blood circulatory system showed vasodilatation of the secondary lamellae and aneurysms. Overall, there was enhancement of the gill histological changes, which was dose-dependent, i.e., proportional to the increasing fungicide concentrations. Thus, based on the results, it was concluded that the histological alterations in common carp gills could be applied as possible biomarkers in risk assessment and monitoring programs for pesticide contamination of aquatic ecosystems.


Self-motivated adult learners join the literacy classes to fulfill their specific needs. They enter the classes with their own experiences, beliefs and challenges. Moreover, they come from different age groups and backgrounds. For the literacy teachers, the management of such diversified classes is a real challenge. They have to adopt andragogical classroom management strategies for effective teaching-learning environment. The present study aims at analyzing classroom management strategies used by the teachers of adult learners. Sixty literacy centers were randomly selected from three provinces of Pakistan to determine how the teachers are managing their class and whether their employed classroom management strategies correlate with the age and experiences of adult learners. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the adult learners. Analysis of data revealed that there is difference in the classroom management strategies used by male and female teachers but these strategies do not correspond to the life experiences and background of adult learners Key Words; classroom management strategies, adult learners, literacy teachers, teaching-learning process


Nowadays, we can see that industrial portal has been widely used. One of the factor that contributes to the increasing number of industrial portal is its capability to offer various functions for the organizations so that they will be able to arrange and organized the
collection of information and services from different sources to be distributed to numerous of users. This research aims to come out with a vertical portal for computer industry in SME in the state of Kedah Darul Aman. This research is also meant to discuss about the objectives, scopes, and literature review regarding to this portal. The methodology used, development and implementation and the contribution of this system will also be discussed in this research.


A kind of super-high collapse-resistance casing pipes was developed using Ti,Nb and V-microalloyed CrMo steel and cross-rolling method.An X-ray diffractometer was used to observe the texture characteristics of the cross-rolled casing pipes.The texture gradient distribution of super-high collapse-resistant CrMo steel casing pipes in the thickness direction and the influence of different Mo content on the texture was studied.The results show that the main texture of casing pipes in the cross-rolling process is {111} texture,which is in favor of the improvement of collapse-resistant property.With the increase of Mo content,both the changes of the texture type and intensity,and the refinement of prior austenite grains exhibit different characteristics,and a balance between grain refinement strengthening and texture strengthening could be obtained by addition of the moderate content of Mo.


S-Amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) is an effective treatment for ulcerative colitis. It is probably the active constituent of sulphasalazine (Azad Kahn et al 1977) and given as a specially coated oral preparation will maintain remission in colitis (Dew et al 1982). Enemas of 5-ASA and steroids are equally as effective in proctitis (Campieri et a1 1981) although there is considerable difficulty in producing enema preparations because 5-ASA is unstable in water. Even when given as sulphasalazine, 5-ASA probably acts topically after its release in the colon; the serum levels of both 5-ASA and its acetylated derivate are low; usually less than 2 pg ml-l (Fischer & Klotz 1979). Between 20 to 30 per cent of the 5-ASA administered as sulphasalazine is excreted in urine within 48 h of administration most being acetylated (>80%) (Das et a1 1973). However, a large bolus of 5-ASA in the inflamed rectum and colon could produce high serum and urinary levels of 5-ASA and its metabolites. This study describes a novel and practical formulation of 5-ASA for enema administration and reports serum and urinary levels of 5-ASA and acetyl 5-ASA after enema administration to seven patients with colitis.


Objectives: To investigate the anti- inflammatory effect of Taraxerol acetate, a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from theaerial parts of Artemisia roxburghiana.Material and Methods: The plant materials were shade dried and ground into powder which was extracted 3 timesby soaking with 24 L of methanol for two weeks. Preliminary fractionation of the crude extract, obtained from combineextract, was done by using solvents of increasing polarity: hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The ethylacetate fraction was subjected to silica gel column chromatography with hexane to yield taraxerol acetate. The structureof isolated compound was confirmed by comparing their corresponding NMR and mass spectral data with thosepreviously reported. Carregeneen induced paw edema model was used to carry out the anti- inflammatory activity ofTaraxerol acetate in Wistar adult rats.Results: TA significantly (P< 0.05) reduced the edema induced by carrageenan at a dose of 60 mg/Kg body weightwhen measured both at 3h and 5h.Conclusion: Taraxerol acetate has a significant anti-inflammatory effect in addition to its gastroprotective effect makingit a safer anti-inflammatory agent.


The paper deals with asynchronous sequential circuits synthesis based on finite state machine representation at the logical level. A new computer-aided design (CAD) system has been developed using the finite state machine description in VHDL and a new design algorithm for generating a synthesized circuit model in VHDL. The developed CAD system was implemented for the single-processor system and also the high-performance computing system. Effectiveness of the new CAD system was evaluated on the high-performance computing system using different numbers of computational nodes by various types of finite state machines.


The question of the professional development needs of economic development practitioners, arguing for government, higher education providers and practitioners to work together to effect formal recognition of these needs and to implement academic programs to meet them (Collits 1999). Since then, and only recently, the many barriers to achieving this outcome have finally (and happily) been overcome. Now, RMIT University is currently working towards the introduction of award programs in economic development.
While there are already academic programs in regional development, broadly defined, in Australia, the RMIT
programs will be the first dedicated specifically to the needs of economic development practitioners. Australia will
finally join the United States, Canada and New Zealand in having academic programs available to practitioners.
This paper explains the philosophy behind RMIT University's approach to the development and delivery of the courses and programs, and explores the key issues involved. First, it outlines what I take to be "the great questions of regional development", an understanding of which is central to any academic program for economic developers; second, it formulates an understanding of the economic development practitioner's task(s); third, it wrestles with the important issue of determining what it is that practitioners should be learning in an academic program on economic development. In particular, it attempts to resolve – or, at any rate, address – the key issue of
getting the correct balance in a learning program between learning that is about 'how to…' as opposed to 'why'. In
this way, the paper attempts to come to grips with the notion of the 'learning practitioner'. Finally, the paper makes some points about important questions relating to how much difference practitioners can make to their economic
development environments.
First, it is important to provide some background on the growth of the economic development profession in
Australia.


Abstract. An Indian woman with an antibody reacting with almost all red cell samples was found to have the Rh phenotype ‐D‐ (presumed genotype ‐D‐/‐D‐). She is the first individual with this phenotype detected in the Indian subcontinent.


The assumption of a clear demarcation and hierarchy between figure and ground has long informed key approaches in film studies to bodies and space. However, many filmmakers working in both animation and live cinema have confounded this hierarchy, working with an integration of figure and ground on equal terms to explore the full performative potential of the cinematic body. In the animation work of Einar Baldvin, this strategy is an Expressionist one, blurring the boundaries between figure and ground in order to project affective and psychic states onto the space around the body. In Wong Kar-wai's The Grandmaster, this blurring of boundaries between figure and ground eschews an Expressionist mode, working instead to render, in aesthetic form, a biophilosophy that emphasizes the continuity between bodies and environment to explore the possibilities of non-anthropocentric cinematic modes. An experimental writing style here serves to trace the energetic unfolding of these strategies across both films in order to frame the question, 'what is body here, what is space', and to ask how we as viewers engage with this embodied mode.