Tampereen Ammattikorkeakoulu Tampere University of Applied Sciences Environmental Engineering MAGDALENA GERLACH: Bioethanol Potential of Preserved Biowaste Bachelor's thesis 40 pages, appendices 17 pages May 2012 The development of alternatives to fossil fuels like oil and natural gas is becoming increasingly urgent with the depletion of resources of fossil fuels and the steadily worsening state of our atmosphere and natural environment. The usage of biofuels is one possibility to decrease greenhouse gas emissions in the nearer future, while other environmentally friendly vehicle technologies are still under development. Bioethanol can be used in fuels for vehicles without any modifications of the engines in concentrations up to 5 per cent, and even 10 per cent in newer engines. Different possible raw materials for the production of bioethanol have been studied during the last few decades. The handling of waste produced by human society is becoming more and more difficult due to a growing world population and an increase in living standards world-wide. The aim of this study is to show the bioethanol production potential of preserved food waste in an institution like Tampere University of Applied Sciences. It investigates if the biowaste from the TAMK kitchen, after being stored over longer time periods, is suitable for bioethanol production. The change in bioethanol yield was studied over a time period of three months, during which the food residues were preserved and stored in anaerobic conditions. The bioethanol yield, as well as other factors such as chloride content, pH, conductivity, and dry matter content, and their fluctuation over time were analyzed over the whole three month period. The study showed that even though factors like chloride content, pH and conductivity were kept at desirable levels, the bioethanol yield itself fluctuated a lot during the 3 month period. The method of adding the biowaste to the vessel in terms of amounts and adding rhythm seems to have an effect on the ethanol yield. An assumption of early fermentation taking place was not confirmed. The dry matter content could not be analyzed accurately enough with the used method and needs to be studied further in the future. For future projects, it would also be necessary to find out the glucose content of the raw material to make the results more comparable to already existing studies.


ABSTRACT This paper sets out to challenge thinking and practice amongst researchers in the field of inclusive education. It does this based on an analysis of published articles in the International Journal of Inclusive Education between 2005 and 2015, which identified topics and methodologies used in studies of inclusive education. The analysis highlights the fact that most of the studies are only concerned with certain groups of learners and that a limited number make use of collaborative, transformative approaches. It is argued that focusing only on some students, rather than on all, is contrary to the principles of inclusive education. At the same time, given the emphasis of inclusion on enabling the participation for all students, it is argued that more research needs to adopt collaborative approaches that set out to change thinking and practice in the field. Illustrative examples from articles that used such approaches are discussed to highlight their potential benefits.


The high performance DDS chip AD9858 produced by Analog Device Inc is adopted to design a frequency synthesizer in this paper. A design scheme of DDS +DSP +SAWO is adopted. The designed synthesizer has low phase noise and high stability SAW oscillator to offer a reference clock for AD9858. The whole system adopts high-performance DSP as the control circuit .The main performance characteristics of AD9858 chip and its application to frequency synthesizer with fast frequency hopping is mainly introduced in detail.


To study the effects of nicotine on intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i) and Protein Kinase C (PKC)and Ras protein in ECs.[Ca 2+ ] i in single HUVEC was observed with Laser Confocal Microscope. The PKC activity was examined by the method of γ 32 P ATP incorporation assay.The activated Ras was detected with Activated Ras interaction Assay(ARIA), a new method in which GST RBD was used as an affinity reagent to precipitate Ras GTP from cell and affinity precipitated Ras was detected by Western blotting with anti Ras antibodies. It was observed that after treatment by 10 -4 ~5×10 -4 mol/L of nicotine [Ca 2+ ] i in single HUVEC increased by 50%~200% over base line value, which could be inhibited by Nimodipine. The PKC activity was induced by 10 -4 mol/L of nicotine from 1~12h; Ras protein activity was induced by 10 -4 ~10 -3 mol/L of nicotine from 10~30min.Nicotine was suggested to increase [Ca 2+ ] i,activate PKC and Ras protein in ECs.


Electron energy distributions have been calculated for conditions representative of magnetic multicusp H2 discharges. A moment approach has been adopted due to the dominance of electron‐electron collisions in the highly ionized plasmas considered. Results are presented for a 1–10 A discharge at 40 mTorr. Comparisons are made with numerical solutions of the Boltzmann equation and experiment. Satisfactory agreement is obtained at low energies E<5.0 eV. Scaling laws with discharge current are presented. Superelastic vibrational collisions are considered and found to have a minor influence on the distribution at all currents. The role of wall losses is examined and related to magnetic filter geometry.


Alternans" is an arrhythmia exhibiting alternating amplitude/interval from beat to beat on the electrocardiogram and was first described in 1872 by Traube. Recently alternans was finally recognized as the harbinger of a cardiac disease when an ischemic heart exhibited alternans. In animal models we detected alternans at various experimental conditions, including the heart with injury, the heart under emotional stress and the heart of a dying specimen. We have tested the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) on alternans and revealed that in both, animal models and humans, alternans rhythm lowers the scaling exponent that was computed by the DFA. We concluded that the scaling exponent can reflect a risk for the "failing" heart, especially when the low scaling exponent and alternans are concurrently present.


EOGRAPHICALLY, THE 'TERRITORY OF PAPUA G and New Guinea includes the eastern half of the island of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Admiralty Island group, the northern Solonion Islands, and the island groups to the east of Papua. Administratively, it consists of I!: districts. Climatic conditions are tropical, without sharp seasonal changes, except in the highlands where with altitude the temperatures become more temperate. Administration and mission hospitals provide free hospital services, with full-time medical staff, for the indigenous population throughout the Territory. The number of private medical practitioners in the Territory is small; they serve the nonindigenous population almost exclusively in the 3 main centers of the Territory. Patients can attend any administration or mission health center. In those cases in which specialided treatment is indicated, patients are transferred to larger estabiihments, free trans-


This investigation has been designed to appraise the antibilharzial efficacy of garlic. Adult male Swiss albino mice were allocated into two main groups; the first group was non-infected and killed after 6 weeks, while the second one was infected with S. mansoni cercariae and divided into 2 equal halves to be sacrificed at 6 and at 12 weeks post-infection. The non-infected and infected groups were divided into three subgroups: I. non-treated, II. treated with 50 mg/kg of garlic extract, and III. treated with 100 mg/kg of garlic extract. Ileal histological and ultrastructural examinations were performed. In non-infected mice treated with garlic (50 mg/kg), the histological changes in the inspected organs were generally mild. Concurrently, the high dose of garlic (100 mg/kg) induced an increment in the cellularity of the lamina propria of intestinal villi of this group. Electron microscopy of the enterocytes showed dilated granular endoplasmic reticulum, opaque mitochondria, multilamellar bodies and increased number of lysosomes and detached ribosomes. In infected mice, infection resulted in muscular thickening, crypt hyperplasia, villous atrophy as well as enterocytic hyperplasia and degenerative alterations, along with goblet cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia in ileum of schistosomiced animals. Treating infected mice with the low dose of garlic resulted in the diminution of the histopathological changes of schistosomiasis. Conversely, no major differences were detected in the histological and ultrastructural observations following the administration of 100 mg/kg of garlic after infection as compared to the non-treated infected groups. So, it is concluded that garlic in low doses has a powerful antibilharzial effect.


Abstract : An agenda of sessions follows: (1) Optoelectronic Devices; (2) Beam Propagation Techniques; (3) Passive Waveguides and Devices; (4) Optoelectronic Modeling; (5) Automation of Optoelectronics Packaging; (6) Time Domain Simulations; (7) Semiconductor Lasers and Amplifiers; (8) Waveguide Modeling Techniques; (9) Rare Earth Doped Materials and Waveguides; (10) Modeling of Waveguide Devices; (11) Robust, Stable, and Manufacturable Optoelectronic Technology; (12) Optoelectronic Modeling; (13) Semiconductor Switches and Modulators; (14) Active Devices; and (15) Array Technologies and Applications. (MM)


In this paper, we proposed a low-light image enhancement method based on image brightness estimation which is divided into two steps: In the brightness estimation step, a separate convolutional auto-encoder is designed to extract the brightness and color features of each channel and entire image. In the detail reconstruction step, a decoder designed by concat-add block is used to preserve the detailed features of the input images as much as possible. Moreover, the Convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to supplement the texture features of the enhanced image. Extensive experiments on various benchmarks demonstrate the advantages of our method over state-of-the-art methods; our method achieves better results in visual perception and qualitative analysis.


2. ADR (Table 2): Th ere was no signifi cant diff erence in ADR in fellow supervised vs. attending alone colonoscopies in male vs. female patients or Caucasian vs. African-American patients. However, attendings alone had a signifi cantly higher ADR in both men (42.6% vs. 28.3%, p=0.002) and African-Americans (40.8% vs. 26.5%, p=0.006). Conclusion: Although gastroenterology fellow supervised colonoscopy procedures have a longer withdrawal time than attendings alone, there is no signifi cant diff erence in ADR in male vs. female and Caucasian vs. AfricanAmerican patients. Th is is the fi rst assessment of quality indicators in colonoscopy to indicate signifi cant diff erence in evaluation for CRC in males/females and Caucasians/African-Americans by gastroenterology fellows in training as compared to attendings alone.


Objective
To investigate the molecular mechanism of immune regulation of astragaloside Ⅳ(Ast) on hypoxia reoxygenation renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells).

Methods
HK-2 cells were divided into normal cell group, hypoxia reoxygenation group, and hypoxia reoxygenation + Ast group. The anoxic environment was simulated in the incubating container with anaerobic incubation bag.Hypoxia reoxygenation HK-2 cell group was treated with hypoxia for 1 h and then reoxygenated for 1 h; in hypoxia reoxygenated HK-2 cells + Ast group, hypoxia reoxygenated HK-2 cells were added to 250 mg/L astragaloside solution; normal group was cultured under normal conditions. After 24 hours, cells were observed directly under the inverted microscope. The expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.The apoptosis rate of each group was detected by Annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometry.

Results
Compared with the hypoxia reoxygenation group, the number of cells in the hypoxia reoxygenation + Ast treatment group was significantly increased, the growth state was improved and the apoptosis rate was decreased. Compared with the normal control group, hypoxia-reoxygenation group increased the levels of Th1 cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10)(P<0.01). The increase of Th2 cytokines was higher than that of Th1 cytokines, and the Th1/Th2 ratio was decreased. Compared with the hypoxia-reoxygenation group, hypoxia-reoxygenated cells and Ast-treated group had decreased levels of Th1-type and Th2-type cytokines (P<0.05), and the Th2-type cytokines showed a greater decrease than Th1-type cytokines.

Conclusions
Astragaloside Ⅳ can improve Th1/Th2 imbalance by affecting secretion of various cytokines, and has a protective effect on hypoxia-reoxygenating renal tubular epithelial cells.

Key words:
Acute kidney injury; Hypoxia reoxygenation; Renal tubular epithelial


However, occupational safety and health (OSH) is often poorly managed in MSEs, so workers are at greater risk of workplace accidents and work-related ill health. MSEs are heterogeneous and they lack cohesive representation, which poses challenges for monitoring working conditions, raising awareness and enforcement. The issue has been prioritised in national strategies on OSH, in the European Commission's strategic framework, in its communication on the modernisation of OSH legislation and, most recently, in the context of the European Pillar of Social Rights.


If the beneficiary of an altruist's gift can be expected to use this gift efficiently, then a pure altruist (one who cares about the beneficiary's utility level, but now how utility is obtained) should only give gifts of money. This is often interpreted to mean that any other type of gift is evidence of paternal altruism. However, it is known (Linbeck and Weibull (1998)) that altruism creates an incentive for inefficient consumption in a multi-period model. Working within this context, I demonstrate that it can be optimal for a pure altruist to give certain types of gifts in kind. For example, a gift in kind of education increases the beneficiary's future income, which can prevent the type of strategic behaviour which leads to inefficiency in Linbeck and Weibull (1998).


The experimental characterization of the current/outer potential (I/U) behavior during the electrochemical CO oxidation on Pt(100), Pt(110) and Pt(111) is used as the first step towards a thorough investigation of the processes occurring during the electrochemical formic acid oxidation. The CO study is followed by new cyclovoltammetric results during the electrochemical formic acid oxidation on the corresponding Pt single crystals. At high concentrations of formic acid, the cyclovoltammograms revealed a splitting of the large current peak observed on the cathodic sweep into two peaks whose dependence on scan rate and reverse potential was investigated. It turned out that the presence of a sufficiently large ohmic resistance R was crucial for oscillatory instabilities. Given an appropriate resistance, all three Pt surfaces were found to exhibit current oscillations at both low and high formic acid concentrations. On Pt(100) stable mixed-mode oscillations were observed. In addition, the sensitivity of the o...


In order to determine the human rights of the embryo, we must first determine whether or not it is a person. Certainly, it does not look like a person when its life begins, or in the first stages of it existence. But in its genetic makeup, it has the active potency that enables it to develop the characteristics that we associate with personhood. The modern concept of personhood, following the thought of John Locke, focuses upon consciousness as the essence of personhood. Modern philosophers believe that consciousness is acquired over time, and is at times latent. Thus the concept of potency is not foreign to modern thought concerning personhood. There are many bioethicists who admit that the embryo or zygote is a living being, but they are not willing to affirm that it is a human being at the time of its formation. An analysis of their arguments results in an affirmation that the embryo is a person in the sense indicated above. While the Church has not stated definitely that the embryo is a human person, it has affirmed the need to respect it as such. Maintaining that human life begins at fertilization does not imply that human life is an absolute good. Is the human embryo a person? The answer to this question is found in the sciences of biology and philosophy, but for practical purposes, the answer has significant implications for human rights. If the human embryo is not a person, then it would not seem to have any rights. In that case, human embryos could be subjected, without opposition, to research and experimentation that might result in their destruction. If the embryo is a human person, what rights does it have? Embryos, even though they are self-directed, do not exist as autonomous organisms. They are subject to the care of other people. What is the responsibility of individuals who 282 Life and Learning XVI There is no dearth of literature in regard to the question of the embryo as a 1 human person. A few of the relevant articles by scholars in the Catholic tradition are Dianne Nutwell Irving, Philosophical and Scientific Analysis of the Nature of the Human Embryo, Ph.D. dissertation (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University, 1991); Benedict Ashley, O.P., "A Critique of the Theory of Delayed Hominization" in An Ethical Evaluation of Fetal Experimentation, eds. Donald G. McCarthy and Albert S. Moraczewski, O.P. (St. Louis MO: Pope John XXIII Center, 1976); Benedict Ashley, O.P., "When Does a Human Person Begin to Exist" in Collected Essays (Naples FL: Ave Maria University Press, forthcoming); J. Bracken, "Is the Early Embryo a Person?" Linacre Qiarterly 68/1 (2001): 49-70; Jason Eberl, "The Beginning of Personhood: A Thomistic Biological Analysis," Bioethics 14/2 (2000): 135-51; N. Ford, When Did I Begin? Conception of the Human Person in History, Philosophy, and Science (New York NY: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1988); J. Donceel, "Immediate Animation and Delayed Hominization," Theological Studies 31/1 (1970): 76-105; T. Shannon and A. Wolter, "Reflections on the Moral Status of the Embryo," Theological Studies 51/4 (1990): 603-26; P. Smith, "The Beginning of Personhood, A Thomistic Perspective," Laval Revue Theologique et Philosophique 39/2 (1983): 197; S. Heaney, "Aquinas and the Presence of the Human Rational Soul in the Early Embryo," The Thomist 56/1 (1992): 19-48. care for a human embryo? What is the responsibility of the community to make it possible for the human embryo to survive and flourish? If the human embryo is not a person at the first stages of its existence, it seems necessary to determine when it is endowed with humanity; at what stage of its existence can we predicate personhood? In order to consider this question adequately, we shall depend on the biology of human development and the concept of person as it has been utilized through the ages. Hence, we shall consider (1) the meaning of the term person, (2) whether the human embryo fits into the category of person, and (3) the implications of the foregoing considerations. Before proceeding to these considerations, however, we must consider the concept of potency, because it is fundamental for our considerations. Note on Potency In the philosophical construct that we shall be using in this presentation, all reality is divided into act and potency. A being-in-act exists here and now. Things exist in act as substance or as accidents inhering in substances. Thomists speak of a substance as being in first or second act. Kevin D. O'Rourke, O.P. 283 Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae I.76.4 ad 1; Heaney, p. 36; Bracken, p. 62. 2 F. Wade, "Potentiality in the Abortion Discussion," Review of Metaphysics 29 3 (1975): 39-55. For a discussion of passive and active potentiality using the human sperm as an example, see Eberl, p. 152. That is, a substance exists (first act) and performs actions in accord with its nature (second act). A being-in-potency is not in act here and now, but 2 has the intrinsic capacity to be rendered into act, that is, to become what it is not here and now. There are various modes of being-in-potency. Passive potency means that an agent may be rendered into act by another being-in-act. For example, a pale man has the potency to become tan by exposure to the sun. Before exposure to the sun, he was not tan, but he had the potency to acquire this quality. Active potency implies that a being-in-act has the capacity to become something else, or to act in a different manner, by reason of its own power. The agent goes from not acting to acting. Experience teaches that beings act in accord with their nature (operatio sequitur esse). An active potency may be remote or proximate, depending on the stage of development of the being with the potency. A rose bush has the potency to bloom and produce flowers; in the winter this potency is remote, but in the spring this potency is proximate. A grain of corn has the potency to grow into a large stalk of corn, given the proper environmental conditions – but not the potency to grow into an oak tree. When it is still a grain of corn, it does not look like the large stalk that it has the potency to become. The concept of potency enables us to explain changes in a being when we know that the subject under consideration remains the same, even though appearances change. Moreover, the concept of active potency is significant in the discussion of the embryo as person. Certainly, an embryo does not look or act like the entity that we usually refer to as a person. But as we shall see, it does have the active potency to develop into a mature adult, the entity that we usually refer to as a person. WHAT IS A PERSON? In Catholic philosophical and theological considerations, the definition 284 Life and Learning XVI Boethius, De duabus naturis §3, in J.-P. Migne, Patrologia Latina, vol. 64, p. 4 1343. Aquinas, Summa theologiae I.29.1. 5


Securing access to data, applied to mobile service applications with temporal and spatial controlling, requires constructing innovative definitions with temporal and spatial limitations for an access-control system. To cope with the temporal and spatial requirements, we propose a generalized Temporal and Spatial RBAC (TSRBAC) model. In the TSRBAC model, temporal-period and spatial-location based entities are used to constrain the permissions of objects, user positions, and geographically bounded roles. Furthermore, we also present temporal and spatial relations of Temporal and Spatial Separation of Duties (TSSSD), Temporal and Spatial Dynamic Separation of Duties (TSDSD) constraints in the TSRBAC model.


Reliability is an essentially important characteristic of software. The reliability of software has been assessed by considering Poisson Type occurrence of software failures and the failure intensity of one parameter say (η_1 ) Rayleigh class. Here, it is assumed that the software contains fixed number of inherent faults say (η_0 ). The scale parameter of Rayleigh density (η_1 ) and fixed number of inherent faults contained in software are the parameters of interest. The failure intensity and mean failure function of this Poisson Type Rayleigh Class (PTRC) Software Reliability Growth Model (SRGM) have been studied. The estimates of above parameters can be obtained by using maximum likelihood method. Bayesian technique has been used to about estimates of η_0 and η_1 if prior knowledge about these parameters is available. The prior knowledge about these parameters is considered in the form of non- informative priors for both the parameters. The proposed Bayes estimators are compared with their corresponding maximum likelihood estimators on the basis of risk efficiencies under squared error loss. The Monte Carlo simulation technique is used for calculating risk efficiencies. It is seen that both the proposed Bayes estimators can be preferred over corresponding MLEs for the proper choice of the values of execution time.


This diploma thesis deals with meat and meat products color. Also it discusses the influence of phosphates and substances of plant origin on the color of meat products. In practical part there are analyzed parametres, which are characteristic for color as L* lightness, E* color difference, C* specific purity and h ° specific angle. Color was measured by spectrophotometric method. In experiment were used phospates DSP and MSP in concentrations from 0 to 0,45 % in encores of 0,05 % and corn, amarant and rice flour were added in concentrations from 0 to 2,00 % with the step of 0,25 %.


The geometry of rigid, convex molecular models in collision is discussed. Transport coefficients of diamagnetic, diatomic gases are computed in field‐free space and in a static field using these models. The calculated transport coefficients are compared with the approximate analytical results of McCourt and Snider and Levi and McCourt. It is shown that the terms odd in the angular momentum make only a small contribution and are, in fact, zero in the approximation of Levi and McCourt. The viscosity is found to provide a more sensitive test of the models than does the thermal conductivity, and the reasons for this are explored.


Increases in the severity and frequency of drought in a warming climate may negatively impact agricultural production and food security. Unlike previous studies that have estimated agricultural impacts of climate condition using single‐crop yield distributions, we develop a multivariate probabilistic model that uses projected climatic conditions (e.g., precipitation amount or soil moisture) throughout a growing season to estimate the probability distribution of crop yields. We demonstrate the model by an analysis of the historical period 1980–2012, including the Millennium Drought in Australia (2001–2009). We find that precipitation and soil moisture deficit in dry growing seasons reduced the average annual yield of the five largest crops in Australia (wheat, broad beans, canola, lupine, and barley) by 25–45% relative to the wet growing seasons. Our model can thus produce region‐ and crop‐specific agricultural sensitivities to climate conditions and variability. Probabilistic estimates of yield may help decision‐makers in government and business to quantitatively assess the vulnerability of agriculture to climate variations. We develop a multivariate probabilistic model that uses precipitation to estimate the probability distribution of crop yields. The proposed model shows how the probability distribution of crop yield changes in response to droughts. During Australia's Millennium Drought precipitation and soil moisture deficit reduced the average annual yield of the five largest crops.


No discipline exists in a vacuum. Science education involves aspects of language, literacy, math, and even music. Language arts education includes explorations of concepts and ideas from history, science, the arts, and more. A holistic education takes a systems approach in which individual parts—science education, math education, etc.—are combined to build a stronger and more integrated curriculum, in which students and teachers are encouraged to make connections and draw correlations among diverse disciplines. With some creativity, arts education can be easily integrated into any lesson plan. Representing concepts through visual and musical forms can reinforce and augment learning in all subjects. In this article, the author examines an architecture education program in Turkish elementary schools, and its effect on overall learning and student engagement.


Part I. Theory and Background: 1. The power of expression 2. Representation and expression 3. The emergent infant 4. The expressive infant 5. The transition to language Part II. From Nine Months to Two Years: 6. Translation from theory to method 7. Developments in expression 8. Developments in affect expression 9. Developments in word learning 10. Developments in cognition 11. Meaning and expression.


................................................................................................................................. iii! Declaration page ................................................................................................................... iv! Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. v! List of figures ......................................................................................................................... x! List of photos ......................................................................................................................... xi! List of tables ........................................................................................................................ xiii! List of boxes ......................................................................................................................... xiii! List of abbreviations ........................................................................................................... xiii! 1! Overview ........................................................................................................................... 1! 1.1! Thesis aims and approach ....................................................................................... 1! 1.2! Thesis structure ......................................................................................................... 2! 1.3! Research findings ...................................................................................................... 4! 1.4! Research contribution ............................................................................................... 5! 2! Background and literature review: development, markets and energy .................. 7! 2.1! Historical overview of international development .............................................. 7! 2.2! Emergence of new market-based development approaches ............................ 10! 2.3! Detailed!analysis!of!market1based!development!approaches .................................. 18! 2.4! Markets and development in sub-Saharan Africa ............................................. 25! 2.5! Energy access as a development problem ........................................................... 30! 2.6! Critique of market-based approaches to energy access .................................... 39! 2.7! Chapter summary ................................................................................................... 44! 3! Conceptualising markets and market-based activities ............................................. 47! 3.1! The social study of markets ................................................................................... 47! 3.2! Markets as socio-technical sssemblages .............................................................. 53! 3.3! Marketisation research agenda ............................................................................. 62! 3.4! Chapter summary ................................................................................................... 67! 4! Methodology .................................................................................................................. 69! 4.1! Research questions .................................................................................................. 69!


OBJECTIVE:To explore the expressions and siginificance of maspin and BCSG1 in breast cancer. METHODS: The flow cytometry method was used to assess the expressions of maspin and BCSG1 in 94 cases of invasive breast cancer. Meanwhile, t-test, Chi-square test, ANOVA and linear correlation were used to analyze the significance between the expression of maspin, BCSG1 and clinical, pathological, prognostic in breast cancer.RESULTS:The high expressions of maspin and BCSG1 of the group of recurrence were significantly higher than those of non-recurrence (t=-2.86,P=0.005 5;t=-2.33,P=0.023). The high expressions of maspin and BCSG1 of the group of lymph nods metastases were significantly higher than those of lymph nods non-metastases (t=2.91,P=0.004;t=3.42,P=0.001). The correlation of the expressions was siginificant between maspin and BCSG1, r=0.553, P=0.000. The recurrent and died cases of FI≥4 of BCSG1 were more than those of FI4 ,χ2=6.86,P=0.009. No siginificant difference was found in the expressions of maspin and BCSG1 with age (t=1.129,P=0.262;t=0.808,P=0.421), tumor size(t=0.078,P=0.938;t=0.002,P=0.998) and clinical stage (F_ maspin=0.658, F_ BCSG1= 0.463;Ⅰ vs Ⅱ:P=0.537, P=0.426;Ⅱ vs Ⅲ:P=0.458, P=0.371;Ⅰ vs Ⅲ:P=0.725, P=0.537). CONCLUSION:BCSG1 can be possibly used in the evaluation of the prognosis of breast cancer patients while maspin may not be a suitable indicator.


A nano-zinc oxide masterbatch was prepared and the influence of the nano-zinc oxide masterbatch on the physical properties of NR vulcanizate and the level reduction mechanism of nano-zinc oxide were investigated.The test results showed that the tensile strength of the vulcanizate filled with 2 phr nano-zinc oxide masterbatch was higher than that with 5 phr common zinc oxide,and their other physical properties were similar to each other.It was found by TEM that there was no agglomeration in the nano-zinc oxide masterbatch-filled NR compound indicating that the dispersity of nano-zinc oxide masterbatch was better than those of common zinc oxide and nano-zinc oxide.Based on the analysis of thermodynamic theory,an action mechanism of nano-zinc oxide in rubber vulcanization was proposed to provide the theoretic basis for replacing common zinc oxide with nano-zinc oxide by 60% less weight.


This study aims to determine the design of an outpatient registration information system using Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 at the Cijagra Lama Public Health Center, Bandung City. The research method used is a qualitative approach supported by data collection techniques by means of observation, interviews, literature studies and internet studies. The development method used is the waterfall method which is assisted by the design of Data Flow Diagrams. This system is made on a desktop basis that uses Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 as a programming language and uses the Microsoft Office Access 2013 database. The problem that often occurs is the length of registration is closely related to the service process because the registration system is often problematic so that it hampers the registration process. design. ( 2 ) Integration of health information systems in order to obtain efficient and effective performance. (3) consider and redevelop the information system for each medical record data processing activity.
Keywords: System Design, Information Systems, Registration, Outpatient


Study this aim for knowing role Performance Finance Area on the Economic Growth of Regency/City in Sumatra Island. Data The research is secondary data in the form of Local Government Budget Realization Reports and 2010 Series GRDP Growth Rate based on Regency/City Expenditure in Sumatra island Year 2017-2021. Population in study this totaling 10 regencies/cities on the island of Sumatra, with the determination of the sample ie saturated sample. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. Analysis results indicates Ratio independence (RK), Ratio Effectiveness (RE), and Ratio Growth (RP) is rejected which means that RK, RE, and RP do not significantly affect significant to Growth Economy area in Sumatra island. Whereas RE received which means RE influence significant to Growth Economy area in Sumatra island. Thing the indicates the level of financing in order to obtain income with realization income already efficient. Besides that, RK, RE, and RP by together influence Growth Economy area in Sumatra island


We examine the effects of photon bubble instability in radiation-dominated accretion disks such as those found around black holes in active galactic nuclei and X-ray binary star systems. Two- and three-dimensional numerical radiation MHD calculations of small patches of disk are used. Modes with wavelengths shorter than the gas pressure scale height grow faster than the orbital frequency in the disk surface layers. The fastest growth rate observed is 5 times the orbital frequency and occurs on nearly vertical magnetic fields. The spectrum of linear modes is in good agreement with a WKB analysis that indicates still faster growth at unresolved scales, with a maximum growth rate proportional to the gravitational acceleration and inversely proportional to the gas sound speed. Disturbances reaching nonlinear amplitudes steepen into trains of shocks similar to a one-dimensional periodic nonlinear analytic solution. Variations in propagation speed result in merging of adjacent fronts, and over time the shock spacing and amplitude increase. Growth is limited by the strength of the magnetic field. The shock train structure is disrupted when the ram pressure of the disturbances exceeds the magnetic pressure. The maximum horizontal density variations are comparable to the ratio of magnetic to gas pressure and in our calculations exceed 100. Under the conditions considered, radiation diffuses through the inhomogeneneous flow 5 times faster than through the initial hydrostatic equilibrium, and the net cooling rate is several times greater than in a similar calculation without magnetic fields that shows the effects of convection. These results indicate that photon bubbles may be important in cooling radiation-dominated accretion disks. The Shaviv type I global instability grows faster than the orbital frequency in calculations of the disk surface layers with lower boundaries of fixed temperature, but is weak or absent in calculations spanning the disk thickness.


In this review, we will describe calculations using time-dependent density-functional theory (DFT) combined with pseudopotentials to determine excited state properties of matter. While a computational framework for ground state properties of condensed matter is well established, calculations for excited state properties are at a more formative stage. Time-dependent DFT represents an important advance by providing an explicit treatment of relevant correlation effects for electronic excitations. As such, it offers an ab initio formalism for excited states that avoids many of the drawbacks associated with empirical or semi-empirical methods. We will illustrate applications of time-dependent DFT to a variety of systems ranging from molecules and atomic clusters to quantum dots, which contain several hundred atoms.


In this paper, we address the problem of discovering activities and their temporal significance in an area under surveillance. Discovering activities along with its expectation of occurrence at a particular time plays an important role in many surveillance applications. We propose an unsupervised model, called Time pLSA model, that extends the probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (pLSA) model to jointly capture the activities and their behaviour over time. We use adaptive background subtraction to detect spatio-temporal patches, which are used as feature representation for activity patterns. Each of these patches are associated with the time slot in which they occur. Multinomial distributions are used to model both activities as distribution over spatio-temporal patches and time significance as distribution over the time-line. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a real life surveillance feed of an outdoor scene.


Tieschitz is an ordinary chondrite that displays some unique features. So called "white matrix" and "bleached chondrules" are found in only few chondrites, while in Tieschitz they are significant components. These phases have been the object of numerous studies, and are generally considered to be formed by secondary alteration or even redeposition. A Sm-Nd study of selected chondrules from Tieschitz yielded a surprisingly young apparent age of 2.0 Ga, which most likely reflects the time of the alteration process. This makes Tieschitz very interesting with respect to providing a record of a young alteration event.


Under the condition that product life conforms to two-parameter exponential distribution,the reliability statistical analysis of fix-number censored lifetime data test was studied in the paper.In terms of reverse index formula,by using the method of combination of inverse moment estimation and maximum likelihood estimation,the point estimation of life expectancy and guaranteed lifetime was given.


Modern software development relies heavily on Application Programming Interface (API) libraries. However, there are often certain constraints on using API elements in such libraries. Failing to follow such constraints (API misuse) could lead to serious programming errors. Many approaches have been proposed to detect API misuses, but they still have low accuracy and cannot repair the detected misuses. In this paper, we propose FAMI, a novel approach to detect and repair API misuses automatically. FAMI uses fuzzy set theory to represent usage rules of five factors involving in any API method call: related method calls, exceptions, pre-conditions, post-conditions, and values of arguments. These fuzzy sets are trained from a large repository of high-quality production code. Then, given a piece of code, FAMI verifies each of its method calls with the trained fuzzy sets. If a factor violates a usage rule defined by a fuzzy set, the corresponding call is considered as an API misuse. FAMI performs an optimal search for editing operations to apply on the code until it has no API issue.


An assessment of the priorities of the new EU climate change policy until 2050 was made and on this basis the prospects of Ukraine's climate policy were analyzed taking into account the European Green Deal for adaptation to climate change in Ukraine.


OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed at analyzing the prescribing practices by different specialists in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. BACKGROUND: Short episodes of atrial fibrillation ( DESIGN/METHODS: All CardioNet ® MCOT records for 18 months from June 2009 to January 2012, prescribed by a neurologist, at a large tertiary care hospital for patients with a cryptogenic stroke or TIA within 6 months of the index event were retrospectively reviewed. Data was collected on patient demographics, clinical history, duration of atrial fibrillation, prescribing practices and incidence of recurrent stroke or hemorrhage. RESULTS: 39 patients were found to have atrial fibrillation and their records were reviewed. Atrial fibrillation episodes were categorized as 0.99, Fisher9s exact test). However, among the 23 patients with a cardiology evaluation, the difference in rates of anti-coagulation was significant between patients with short afib (43%, 6 of 14) and long afib (89%, 8 of 9) (p=0.039, Fisher9s exact test). Thus it appears that cardiology evaluation status may influence the anti-coagulation rates for patients with short vs long Afib. Two of 9 (22.2%) patients with short atrial fibrillation not anticoagulated had a recurrent ischemic infarct, 1 of 9 had a groin hematoma. CONCLUSIONS: Variability and indecision exists when determining the need for anticoagulation in cryptogenic stroke patients with short, ≤30 second, episodes of atrial fibrillation. Further study to determine the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke and benefit of anticoagulation is needed. Disclosure: Dr. Khan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Miller has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schultz has nothing to disclose.


In most eucaryotic species, ribosomal genes are tandemly repeated about 100-5000 times per haploid genome. The 43 Kb human rDNA repeat consists of a 13 Kb coding region for the 18S, 5.8S, 28S ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and transcribed spacers separated by a 30 Kb intergenic spacer. For species such as frog, mouse and rat, sequences in the intergenic spacer other than the gene promoter have been shown to modulate transcription of the ribosomal gene. These sequences are spacer promoters, enhancers and the terminator for spacer transcription. We are addressing whether the human ribosomal gene promoter is similarly influenced. In-vitro transcription run-off assays have revealed that the 4.5 kb region (CBE), directly upstream of the gene promoter, has cis-stimulation and trans-competition properties. This suggests that the CBE fragment contains an enhancer(s) for ribosomal gene transcription. Further experiments have shown that a fragment ({approximately}1.6 kb) within the CBE fragment also has trans-competition function. Deletion subclones of this region are being tested to delineate the exact sequences responsible for these modulating activities. Previous sequence analysis and functional studies have revealed that CBE contains regions of DNA capable of adopting alternative structures such as bent DNA, Z-DNA, and triple-stranded DNA. Whether these structures aremore » required for modulating transcription remains to be determined as does the specific DNA-protein interaction involved.« less


Our aim was to identify the functional properties which can characterize a generic mangrove ecosystem, regardless of its ecologic setting or geographic location in the 123 countries where mangroves occur. We introduce and apply a two-mode network analytic approach. The network approach helps in visualizing both plants and their functional properties simultaneously, as linkages in a graph theoretic layout. Moreover, this approach could potentially be applied to any other ecosystem in the world.


This paper provides an overview of the Circle of Visual Interpretation methodology that is workshopped during Interacción 2014. This new method uses visual interpretation techniques to phenomenologically reveal extra detail of user behaviour from within user research. The Circle of Visual Interpretation methodology is aimed at design teams engaged in designing interactions to use during their ideation phase. Through visual interpretation a dialogue between designers and their target audience is phenomenologically crafted. From engaging in this hermeneutic-semiotic process fresh understanding regarding user motivations behind user actions visually emerges. In this paper each practical step in this methodology is summarised and illustrated with examples from a user research project.


An efficient high-speed encoding scheme of binary Golay code (23, 12, 7) along with its design and implementation in Spartan-6 FPGA is presented in this paper. For the proposed encoder, a low latency is achieved by excluding linear feedback shift register (LFSR) in the design. Also, a low-complexity binary Golay decoder based on syndrome decomposition algorithm and add-compare computation with parallel architecture is proposed which results in high speed operation. The proposed architecture works at an improved speed when compared to the contemporary works published in this area. A clock frequency of 344.827 MHz is observed for the proposed encoder architecture while the decoder has a speed of 318.471 MHz. For the proposed hardware modules both high throughput and low latency is achieved.


Two-dimensional (2D) materials have recently received a great deal of attention due to their unique structures and fascinating properties, as well as their potential applications. 2D hexagonal boron nitride (2D h-BN), an insulator with excellent thermal stability, chemical inertness, and unique electronic and optical properties, and a band gap of 5.97 eV, is considered to be an ideal candidate for integration with other 2D materials. Nevertheless, the controllable growth of high-quality 2D h-BN is still a great challenge. A comprehensive overview of the progress that has been made in the synthesis of 2D h-BN is presented, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis approaches. In addition, the electronic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties, heterostructures, and related applications of 2D h-BN are discussed.


Accessible online at: www.karger.com/journals/fdt Prof. Wolfgang Holzgreve was awarded the A.W. Liley Medal on April 18th, 2001, at the opening ceremony of the Annual Congress of the International Society of the Fetus as a Patient. Wolfgang's early medical career was spent at Münster, Germany. Although Wolfgang may seem good-natured, his conflagrations with his mentor Prof. Fritz Beller are lengendary. Years later Fritz gave Wolfgang the ultimate compliment when he said: 'I had a lot of fights with Wolfgang, but I must admit many times he was right.' When the world thinks of Wolfgang Holzgreve, the first impression is that of a scientist. He did a fellowship in Reproductive Genetics with Mickey Golbus in San Francisco, Calif., USA. Subsequently, he pioneered chorion villous sampling, and his work in fetal cells in the maternal circulation and stem cell transplantation is legendary. He has published more than 500 articles in scientific journals, 400 abstracts at scientific meetings, 180 book chapters, and 6 books. He is the coeditor of the textbook The Unborn Patient and the Editor-in-Chief of


(Available only in Spanish) Unemployment is one of the most feared phenomena of our times. Few economic phenomena are reported so widely and systematically by the press, and even fewer generate such a level of discussion in public opinion. There are reasons for this level of interest. The economic costs of failing to use a fraction of the most important factor of production in a society is combined with the enormous cost that unemployed individuals suffer in their self-esteem, motivation and labor competences.


Accurate preoperative radiological staging of biliary cancers remains difficult. Despite the improvement in imaging techniques, a number of patients with biliary cancers who undergo laparotomy are ultimately found to have unresectable diseases. The goals of staging laparoscopy (SL) are to rule out metastatic and locally advanced unresectable diseases and better define locally advanced unresectable diseases. This study evaluates the efficiency of SL in ruling out unresectable disease in a subset of biliary cancers.


This Article explores the wide justice gap in rural communities in the United States and argues that non-profit legal services providers, volunteer lawyers, law schools and even private lawyers should explore ways in which technology can improve access to justice in rural communities. While technology-enhanced legal practice can assist urban and rural communities alike, this article focuses on the promise such technology holds to close the justice gap in America's rural communities by discussing the following: the current state of rural access to justice; the current state of technology-enhanced legal services and the promise such technology holds for addressing the justice gap in rural communities, with a focus on efforts mostly in New York State; and the prospects of a technology-enhanced legal practice that strives to serve America's low- and moderate-income rural communities.


Brucellosis is one of the common zoonoses caused by Brucella abortus (B. abortus). However, little has been reported on factors affecting invasion of B. abortus into host cells. To investigate cell-type dependent invasion of B. abortus, phagocytic RAW 264.7 and THP-1 cells and non-phagocytic HeLa cells were infected with wild-type and mutant B. abortus, and their invasion efficiencies were compared. The invasion efficiencies of the strains were cell-type dependent. Wild-type B. abortus invasion efficiency was greater in phagocytic cells than in epithelial cells. The results also indicated that there are different factors involved in the invasion of B. abortus into phagocytic cells.


Objective To establish diagnostic standards of colorectal tubular adenocarcinoma with confocal laser endomicroscopy(CLE), and to evaluate its diagnostic value in vivo.Methods The confocal images of 12 cases, which were pathologically confirmed colorectal tubular adenocarcinoma(4 well differentiated, 4 moderately differentiated and 4 poorly differentiated), were collected and analyzed to establish diagnostic standards of the disease with CLE.Then 49 lesions were prospectively evaluated based on CLE standards,which were compared to histopathology results.Results The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value(PV +)and negative predictive value(PV -)of CLE in diagnosing tubular adenocarcinoma were 94.7%, 90.9%, 93.9%, 100% and 76.9%, respectively.The corresponding data of well differentiated adenocarcinoma were 100%, 83.3%, 88.9%, 85.7% and 87.0%, those of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma were 86.7%, 90.5%, 86.1%, 86.7% and 90.5%, and those of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma were 77.8%, 92.6%, 88.9%, 100% and 86.2%.Conclusion CLE is able to diagnose and grade colorectal tubular adenocarcinoma.

Key words:
Confocal microscopy; Adenocarcinoma; Diagnosis; Evaluation studies


This work examines a variety of fundamental biological questions regarding the central brain of D. melanogaster. These questions focus on topics relating to neurons which form the neural circuits of the larval and adult brain. We focused specifically on the neurons which form the central brain and are organized into developmental-structural units termed lineages. Through a combination of genetics and immunohistochemical assays we were able to create a detailed atlas of lineages in the early larval brain (made by embryonic-born primary neurons) and the adult brain (made mostly by larval-born secondary neurons; Chapters 2 and 6); show that secondary lineages are born in a strict temporal manner and how they develop during larval and pupal stages (Chapters 3-5). By observing secondary lineages in both wild-type and various mutant conditions we were able to show the following: pattern and timing of secondary lineage axon tract extension in the larva; movement of cell body clusters due to the growing central brain and optic lobe neuropils during metamorphosis; which secondary lineages retain their entire cohort of neurons (many lose a hemilineage in the pupa); and proper differentiation of secondary lineages relies on the presence of both synaptic partners. Taken together, these studies make a significant contribution to our understanding of Drosophila brain circuitry and development. They support the overall goal of mapping all central brain lineages (primary and secondary components), from their inception in the early embryo (when neuroblasts first appear) to their final mature form in the adult.


Objective To discuss the testing method for the qualitative indice of a fuse-induced smoke generator and its field trial efficacy.Methods To evaluate the smoke generator according to its smoking temperature,burning temperature,water absorbing rate,stability,security and the field trial efficacy.Results The smoke qualitative indices are as following:(138 ℃) in smoking temperature,((210±)30)℃ in burning temperature,(0.12%) in water absorbing rate exposed for(48 h).The density decreasing of B.germanica in field trial by using the smoke was(96.79%).Conclusion The testing method is simple and practical,and with the characters as easy ignitability,safety to deposit and transport,the smoke generator is good to generalize.


Due to limited resources, publicly funded service programs need to operate efficiently. This paper demonstrates how a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) can be used to evaluate and enhance the performance of an existing service delivery program. Elements critical to the efficiency of service programs are enumerated. A meals-on-wheels (MOW) program in Connecticut is used as a case study to demonstrate the utility of the SDSS approach. Practical issues related to data sources and system adoption are discussed.


With the increase of people's living standard,the travel plays an important role to the public.Meanwhile the fast development of e-com-merce,tourism e-commerce also gets certain development.Zhanjiang city tourism e-commerce is facing many problems with the e-com-merce development.Gives some reasonable suggestions for promoting the development of Zhanjiang.It is based on the early stage of the work of Zhanjiang tourism e-commerce,and analyzes objective elements under the new situation,new environment of Zhanjiang.


Introduction In recent years, an increase in the number of available postgraduate qualifications for Optometrists has facilitated an expansion in the Optometrist's scope of practice allowing management and treatment of a wide range of conditions (Needle et al 2008). It is essential that Optometry teaching both at undergraduate and postgraduate levels involves encouraging the development of clinical decision making based on signs and symptoms that patients present with. Many postgraduate programmes or continuing professional development (cpd) courses available to Optometrists include an element of online learning (Acosta et al 2018). Methods We developed a novel online simulation tool (iPatient) to afford students opportunities to practice their diagnostic skills on patients presenting with signs and symptoms that typically present as a 'Red Eye'. The iPatient tool simulates patients, randomly generated from a pool of 14 conditions which typically present with a 'Red Eye'. These include conditions that range from mild (e.g. allergic conjunctivitis) to sight-threatening (e.g. acute angle closure glaucoma). Medical notes, level of vision, and ocular measurements are generated to provide a variety of information for each condition. Presenting signs and symptoms directly relate to The College of Optometrists' Clinical Management Guidelines for each of the 14 conditions (College of Optometrists). Following appropriate ethical approval, the application was piloted with a group of undergraduate (n=20) and postgraduate/qualified (n=10) Optometrists. The programme was demonstrated and participants were asked to complete one scenario. Feedback was invited in the form of a structured questionnaire incorporating Likert responses and free comments. Results Overall positive responses were received from both cohorts supporting the statements that the tool was 'easy to use' and that they 'learnt from the tool'. Results also demonstrated that the tool was 'ready to use in a teaching capacity'. Comments relating to how the programme could be improved included; increasing the number of conditions, improving image quality, reducing background music and refining the design aspect of the programme. Discussion The suggested improvements could widen the application of the programme within both face-to-face and online undergraduate and postgraduate Optometry courses. In addition to developing Optometrists' skills in a safe simulated environment, this innovative iPatient project has potential to be employed with other healthcare professionals such as nurses and pharmacists. Conclusion With minor amendments to the programme following the review, this tool has the potential to transform Optometry education and introduce a strong interactive element to teaching. References Acosta ML, Sisley A, Ross J, Brailsford I, Bhargava A, Jacobs R, Anstice N. Student acceptance of e-learning methods in the laboratory class in Optometry. PLoS One. 2018 Dec 13;13(12):e0209004. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209004. eCollection 2018. College of Optometrists: Clinical Management Guidelines https://www.college-optometrists.org/guidance/clinical-management-guidelines.html Needle JJ, Petchey R, Lawrenson JG. A survey of the scope of therapeutic practice by UK optometrists and their attitudes to an extended prescribing role. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2008 May;28(3):193–203. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00551.x.


In November 2015 Cervical Cancer Action hosted a high-level meeting in London at which CCA and its partners launched a five-year global initiative to tackle the growing burden of cervical cancer in low- and lower-middle income countries. The Initiative seeks to increase collaboration commitment and investment to ensure that all women and girls are protected.


Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ modulators, a class of antidiabetic drugs, have been associated with cardiovascular risks in type 2 diabetes in humans. The objective of this study was to explore possible cardiovascular risk biomarkers associated with PPAR-γ in rodents that could provide an alert for risk to humans. Normal, myocardial infarction-induced heart failure (HF) or Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were used. Rats (n = 5–6) were treated with either vehicle or rosiglitazone (RGZ; 3 or 45 mg/kg/day p.o.) for 4 weeks. Biomarkers for potential cardiovascular risks were assessed, including 1) ultrasound for cardiac structure and function; 2) neuroendocrine and hormonal plasma biomarkers of cardiovascular risk; 3) pharmacogenomic profiling of cardiac and renal tissue by targeted tissue low-density gene array representing ion channels and transporters, and components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; and 4) immunohistochemistry for cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and inflammation (macrophages and tumor necrosis factor-α). HF was confirmed by increase in cardiac brain natriuretic peptide expression (p < 0.01) and echocardiography. Adequate exposure of RGZ was confirmed by pharmacokinetics (plasma drug levels) and the pharmacodynamic biomarker adiponectin. In normal or HF rats, RGZ had no negative effects on any of the biomarkers investigated. Similarly, RGZ had no significant effects on gene expression except for the increase in interleukin-6 mRNA expression in the heart and decrease in epithelial sodium channel β in the kidney. In contrast, echocardiography showed improved cardiac structure and function after RGZ in ZDF rats. Taken together, this study suggests a limited predictive power of these preclinical models in respect to observed clinical adverse effects associated with RGZ.


Material and Method: The study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro from July 2007 to June 2008. In this study evaluation of 1128 patients of various ages under going eye surgeries and were unaware of hepatitis C infection were included in this study. Each patients was serologically screened by rapid chromatography immunoassay for qualitative detection of antibodies for Hepatitis C before surgery.


The IRMOF-3 metal–organic framework (MOF) acts as a suitable green catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone and dihydropyridine derivatives through the Biginelli and Hantzsch reactions, and the desired products were obtained in high yields with short reaction times under mild solvent-free conditions. The MOFs can be isolated from the reaction mixture and reused.


(52) U.S. Cl. ............................. 528/61; 528/63; 528/64; the range of from about 0.9:1 to about 1:1. The polyurethane 528/67 prepolymer consists of a blend of different polyethers based (58) Field of Search .............................. 528/61, 63, 64, on diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). The amine curing 528/67 agent is a blend of oligomeric diamines with an aromatic (56) References Cited diamine with a catalytic component. Both of the blends, in an uncured State, are liquid at room temperature. 63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 09/222,090, filed on  Dec. 29, 1998, now abandoned.


As the popularity of wireless networks deepens, the diversity of device types and hardware environments makes network data take on heterogeneous forms while the threat of malicious attacks from outside can prevent ordinary methods from mining information from abnormal data. In view of this, the research will be devoted to the feature processing of the anomalous data itself, and the convolutional operation of the anomalous information by the convolutional neural network (CNN). This is to extract the internal information. In the first step of the cascaded CNNs, the dimensions of the anomaly data will be processed, the anomaly data will be sorted under the concept of relevance grouping, and then the sorted results will be added to the convolution and pooling. The performance test uses three datasets with different feature capacities as the attack sources, and the results show a 13.22% improvement in information mining performance compared to the standard CNN. The extended CNN step will perform feature identification for homologous or similar network threats, with feature expansion within the convolutional layer first, and then pooling to reduce the computational cost. The test results show that when the maximum value domain of linear expansion is 2, the model has the best feature recognition performance, fluctuating around 85%; The model comparison test results show that the accuracy of the extended CNN is higher than that of the standard CNN, and the model stability is better than that of the back propagation (BP) neural network. This indicates that the cascaded CNN dual module can mine for the data itself, thus ignoring the risk unknowns, and this connected CNN has some practical significance. The proposed cascaded CNN module applies advanced neural network technology to identify internal and external risk data. The research content has important reference value for the security management of IoT systems.


OBJECTIVES
Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease in primary health care. The prevalence and severity of diabetes can be influenced through lifestyle modification. This study was aimed to identify the prevalence of sleep disorders as a modifiable lifestyle factor among diabetic patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 190 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who referred to the Internal Medicine Clinic of the Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran from 2016 to 2017. A demographic questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Assessment questionnaire (sleep disorder was defined as scores higher than 5) was filled for each subject. Blood tests including haemoglobin A1 C (Hb A1C), fasting blood sugar (FBS) and 2 hour post prandial glucose as well as the assessment of blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) were performed for all patients. Data were analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 16.

RESULTS
Age of the patients (male to female ratio was 71/119s) was 56.31 ± 7.37 years. BMI more than 25 kg/m2 was observed in 145 (76.3%) of patients . Mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Assessment score was 7.48 ± 4.11. Fifty-one (26.8%) patients were good sleepers and 139 (73.2%) were poor sleepers. There was a significant relationship between sleep disorder and age (p=0.019) and female gender (p=0.017) but no other variables including level of education, occupation, HbA1 C, FBS, 2 hour post prandial glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

DISCUSSION
Sleep disorders were common among type 2 diabetic patients especially women. It is recommended that sleep disorders should be screened in diabetic patients. Treatment and prevention of sleep disorders through sleep hygiene education including recommendation to have normal nocturnal sleep should be focused by practitioners in type 2 diabetic patients especially women. Appropriate measures should be taken to manage sleep disorders by weight control in this population.


Fatigue cracks approaching an interface in a bi-material are experimentally investigated. Cracks propagating perpendicular to the sharp ferritic steel – ferritic steel interface are studied. The elastic and thermal expansion properties are nearly identical, only the plastic properties are different. The theoretically predicted slowdown of the growth rate in the case of a weak/strong transition and the acceleration in the case of a strong/soft transition are verified. Two surprising results are: The bifurcation of the crack in the vicinity of the interface when the crack propagates from the weak to the strong material, and the relatively large effect of the extremely small thermal mismatch on the crack propagation behavior.


Personalized printings are more and more used widely in daily life because it is better suited to people's aesthetics. Compared with conventional prints, its surface is more complicated and irregular, so the conventional algorithm of template matching cannot accurately detect its defects. Aimed at this case, a kind of algorithm named secondary template matching is proposed in this paper, Firstly, the image to be tested and the template image is matched to extract ROI, and then the four-threshold algorithm is used to distinguish the foreground and the background of the image. Finally, the second template matching for the foreground and background areas is performed to extract the defect respectively. From the experimental results, it can be found that the new algorithm of template matching can accurately detect the defects of the printed matter and the robustness.


In this thesis, the impact of using advance reservations of bandwidth in a computer network on the performance for both clients and operators of the network is examined. Based on an architecture that uses multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) controlled by bandwidth brokers, a number of services that compared to todays best-effort or immediate reservation networks provide an enhanced functionality for clients were developed. These services allow clients to specify requests in a less stringent way than currently necessary, for example, it is possible to define only the amount of data to be transmitted between two network endpoints and the management system then determines suitable transmission parameters such as start and stop time and transmission rate. This functionality provides reliable feedback to clients and can serve as a foundation for providing service-level agreements, e.g., guaranteeing deadlines for the transmission of a certain amount of data. The additional services can also be used by network operators to improve the overall utilization of the network. In addition, the various opportunities of using the additional temporal dimension of the advance reservation service are suitable to improve the network performance. It can be shown that the amount of blocked requests and bandwidth can be considerably decreased making use of both services and the additional information available in the given environment. Besides the achievable throughout and amount of admitted requests, the term performance in the context of advance reservation systems also covers other aspects such as failure recovery strategies and the processing time required by the network management system. In the thesis, several strategies to be applied in case of link failures are outlined and examined with respect to their applicability and achievable performance. For example, it can be shown that it is worthwhile to consider not only flows which are active at the time a failure occurs but also to take inactive but already admitted flows into account in order to achieve the best possible performance. In addition to failure recovery, also the processing speed of the management system is of importance. For that purpose, in particular the data structures used to store the current and future network status need to be examined since they dominate the processing time of the management system. Two data structures, arrays and a tree which was especially designed for this purpose were examined, showing that arrays are superior with respect to processing speed and memory consumption in almost any environment.


This paper describes an optimization scheme to enhance the performance of the open shortest path first(OSPF) protocol for private networks,especially with bad wireless channel conditions.The optimization scheme focuses on aspects of the single-area scheme,packet format simplifications,modifications of the important state machines,and setting of the key protocol parameters.Simulations indicate that the average time for routing table calculations can be reduced by 81% and the average protocol bandwidth consumptions can be reduced by 80%.Moreover,the stable network working time can be doubled when link bit error rates is high.Therefore,the optimization scheme best adapts to the special characteristics of the private network to effectively enhance the overall network performance.


Proof: We call a truth-value a a fixed point for a wff B just in case the value of B is a when all its variables are assigned the value a, and we say that of is a fixed point for an ra-ary connective ® just in case a is a fixed point for Θ(/>i, . . .,/>"). Notice that t is a fixed point for = and for any wff that contains no connectives other than =. Suppose that & is definable from {~, =}. Then by Lemma 1 there is a wff A(p, a) containing no connectives other than = such that p & q is equivalent to A(p, a) or to ~A(p, a). But since t is a fixed point for both p & q and A{p, a), p & q cannot be equivalent to ~A(p, q). So, p & q<^>A(p, a). Therefore, p & ~q<ΦA(p, ~q). By Lemma 1 again, A(p, ~q) is equivalent to A(p, q) or to ~A(p, q). Since t is not a fixed point for p & ~q9 we have A(p, ~q)<F$>p & ~q<#=>~A(p, q). So, ~(P 8ι~q)^Ά(p, q)ΦΦp &, q, which is a contradiction. So & is not definable from {~, =}. Theorem 1 follows.


Traditionally, mistletoe is known as an effective anti-cancer medicinal plant, and lectin is recognized as a major component with cytotoxic and immuno-stimulant activity in mistletoe. A Korean mistletoe lectin (KML) has specificity to galactose and galactosamine and is distinguish from European mistletoe lectin (EML). When we examined the concentration of lectin in mistletoe originated from five different types of host trees, the result indicate that the lectin concentration is variable depending on the host tree. Noticeably, mistletoe from chestnut tree contains ten folds higher lectins than that of an oak tree. We also tested the concentration of KML and crude extract (KM-110) of Korean mistletoe that shows 90% cytotoxicity in L5178Y-ML25 lymphoma cell. In addition, the cells show 90% and 70% viability by the treatment of two neutralizing antibodies of KML, 9H7-D10 and 8B11-2C5 neutralization effect with two monoclonal antibodies of KML, 9H7-D10 and 8B11-2C5. Therefore, the result expected that the mistletoe contain some other cytotoxic components except lectin. Finally, the production of TNF-α and IL-6 by RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lectin free-crude extract (LFKM-110) following neutralization by 9H7-D10 monoclonal antibody shows higher than that of lectin containing-crude extract (KM-110). These results suggest that the Korean mistletoe lectin ha a great potential to be developed as therapeutic agent of cancer.


RNA was specifically extracted from tumor and peritumor tissue of a hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma after microdissection. RT-PCR products of the HCV 5'-noncoding (NC), core and nonstructural (NS)-5 gene were examined. Nucleotide sequences of the core region derived from the tumor tissue revealed deletions and mutations resulting in truncated proteins. Peritumor and serum HCV sequences were unaffected.


If a graph can be drawn on the torus so that every two independent edges cross an even number of times, then the graph can be embedded on the torus.


In order to realize sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with high performance in low speed region, a novel rotor position observer scheme based on finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is presented in this paper. Firstly, the FCS-MPC is used to predict the current and drive the PMSM by selecting the optimal control quantity that minimizes the cost function. Next, an adaptive second-order generalized integrator (ASOGI) with adaptive center frequency adjustment was designed to replace the band-pass filter (BPF) in the rotor position observer. The ASOGI can calculate the high frequency value that can be used for position estimation by the controller switching frequency. The current ripple inherent in the FCS-MPC is considered as the response current obtained by the high frequency injection (HFI) method. The current ripple after ASOGI filtering is input to the phase-locked loop (PLL) for phase locking to obtain the estimated rotor position. In addition, adaptive linear (Adaline) neural networks are used to identify sensitive motor parameters online to avoid mismatch of model parameters, which causes degradation of control performance. Simulation experiments and hardware experiments show that this scheme is excellent in both static and dynamic conditions.


It is observed that the even-even nuclei having identical [ital N][sub [ital p]][ital N][sub [ital n]]/[Delta] values exhibit identical excitation energies and/or energy ratios ([ital E][sub [ital J]]/[ital E][sub 2],[ital E][sub [ital J]]/[ital E][sub 4]) in their ground-state bands (g.s.b.). [ital N][sub [ital p]] ([ital N][sub [ital n]]) is the valence proton (neutron) number and [Delta] is the average pairing gap, ([Delta][sub [ital p]]+[Delta][sub [ital n]])/2. It is shown that this correlation is a manifestation of a very simple but uniform dependence of the excitation energies of the g.s.b. of even-even nuclei, spanning a wide mass region (70[le][ital A][le]244), on the ratio of their pairing and [ital n]-[ital p] interaction energies. An explicit form of this dependence is phenomenologically deduced and subsequently used to study the development of collectivity, existence of subshell closures and some other nuclear systematics.


Because of the heterogeneity and difference of product varieties, like products have different quality of products. In south-north trade model, the quality of products of south and north countries'export and import differs a lot. The quality of products can be measured by trade data index and enterprise product index, such as price and quantity. This paper is to review the literature of demand-supply model, south-north trade model and empirical research under the assumption of monopolistic competition. The paper points out the future direction of quality of products.


For last years the necessity of using energy effectiveness of civil and residential buildings has become more actual in accordance with the stable increase in cost of energy suppliers, that's why ithas become the main trend of the development of building industry. The first designs about the reducing heat losses were started in EU in 1970-s. According to the laws of European Parliament all new constructed buildings in as EU must correspond to the level of minimum or zero energy consumption. Besides this the largest part of consumed energy of houses must be received from renewable sources of energy.Some codes were designed in Ukraine, in which the demands for designing buildings considering energy effectiveness of heat-isolated cover of buildings as well as the possibility of using innovations in the sphere of heat losses control. The present codes are also able to analyses the energy effectiveness of building after its construction, in the prosses of maintenance as well as its necessary to design the actions of reducing heat losses, which carry out through enclosing constructions in the result of non-effective heat-insulation and irrational use of heated ventilated air. Nowadays abut 40 % of all producing heat energy is applied for the maintenance of present reserve of accommodation.Using the method of modeling the account of heat losses was performed. There were examined the buildings of different stores considering the variants of constructive parameters such as storing, the store height, the step of columns, windows area according to the limits of codes.


We read the interesting position paper by Doehner et al.,1 who reported the impact of central nervous system on control of cardiovascular system, and the relationship between central command in cerebral cortex and activation of autonomic centres located in the medulla. Recent studies have supported the notion that the cardiovascular system is regulated by a central autonomic network (CAN) consisting of insular cortex (Ic), anterior cingulate gyrus and amygdala.2 Because Ic is located in the region of the middle cerebral arteries, its structure tends to be exposed to a higher risk of cerebrovascular disease.3 In addition, Ic damage has been associated with myocardial injury, increased brain natriuretic peptide and incidence of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.3 Several points should be taken into account when interpreting the scheme of cerebro–cardiac signalling after stroke reported by Doehner et al.1 First, in an earlier study,4 right hemispheric inactivation induced an increase of the high-frequency power of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP), and left hemispheric inactivation induced an increase of the low-frequency power of HR and BP in patients with drug-refractory epilepsy. In addition, Oppenheimer et al.5 identified a site of cardiac representation within the Ic. While tachycardia or pressor effect was observed on the stimulation of the right Ic, bradycardia or depressor effect was significantly more common after stimulation of the left Ic.5 These results suggest that the right hemisphere including the right Ic is predominantly associated with sympathetic autonomic tone, whereas the left hemisphere including the left Ic is associated with parasympathetic autonomic tone. Doehner et al.1 had little descriptions about hemispheric lateralization for the relationship between Ic damage and autonomic deficits in heart failure. Second, the relationship between Ic damage and cardiovascular dysregulation is more complex in patients with stroke, because the stroke subtype such as ischaemia, intracerebral haemorrhage, and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) would affect the impact of Ic damage on the CAN.2 Ic ischaemia might be associated with increased activities on the other Ic as well as increased activities on the subcortical autonomic core system. In contrast, SAH in the sylvian fissure possibly stimulates Ic mechanically and chemically, and induces disruption of CAN activation.2 Doehner et al.1 did not take into account for the relationship of stroke subtype in Ic with autonomic deficits in heart failure. Until now, there have been few reports assessing the central command in heart failure according to hemispheric laterality and stroke subtype of Ic. The data presented in the manuscript by Doehner et al.1 would make much more importance if the exact mechanism underlying that relationship were provided.


Comparing with the traditional library,the digital library has its own characters and function.It is just the trend of development of traditional library and fits for the demand of information society and knowledge economy,the difference characters of traditional library greatly influence to modern library.Face the new century and the network age.It puts forward the development and utilization of the characteristic literature resources of library,based on the superiority of national region.The construction digital library,at first,depends on digital system and network system.Only by the building of these aepects,we can practically promote the information resources'share of library literature in national region.


Students now have online access to rich collections of unmediated primary historical sources. This paper describes the results of an exploratory study of eighth-grade students and their use of online primary sources as part of an oral history unit on family farming. To understand connections between historical and present farming issues, the students analyzed photographs from the Depression-era Farm Service Administration photograph collection and wrote multigenerational family stories based on these images. Their work was analyzed for patterns in how they used the bibliographic information and how much evidence of higher level thinking skills was revealed in the work as well as their ability to demonstrate skills of observation and interpretation and to reflect a historical perspective in fiction writing. The results reveal a number of issues that have importance to the secondary social studies and information literacy fields and suggest several avenues for further research.


The invention relates to the field of communication, and discloses an FFT/DFT (Fast Fourier Transform Discrete Fourier transform) reverse method and a device, which can reduce the FFT/DFT reverse time in the signal processing process and improve the utilization efficiency of a vector processor. The FFT/DFT reverse method comprises the following steps of: in the process of carrying out FFT/DFT on signals, obtaining a data subsequence by carrying out data partitioning on data in a storage unit from the lowest position to the highest position of a data address, carrying out reversing in the sequence on the data subsequence, and obtaining a final data reversing result.


The Pariser–Parr–Pople (PPP) method with the variable (3, yapproximation has been used to calculate the ^–electronic excitation energy of 1, 4–disubstituted benzo– and dibenzo–anthraquinone dyes. A good linear correlation between the observed and calculated values for the first –* excitation was found for a series of benzo AQ dyes. The effect of annelation on the colour of benzo AQ dyes was studied on the basis of the calculated results. It was concluded that 2, 3–annelation differs from 5, 6– and 6, 7–annelation because the 2, 3–benzo ring is also included in the donor moiety.


The study examined the effect of interest rate on the growth of manufacturing sector in Nigeria. Data was collected from secondary sources covering a period of 32 years from 19852015 and this data were obtained through the CBN Statistical bulletin and National bureau of statistics. The population of the study includes all the manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Unit root test and simple regression analysis was used to analysis data. The finding is that there is a significant effect of interest rate on growth of manufacturing sector in Nigeria. The study recommends that Banks in Nigeria should try to charge low interest rate to enable the growth of manufacturing sector since it statistically significant.


The paper proposes a methodology to provide services for accessing and sharing various media contents securely, those are distributed over consumer electronics (CEs) in the home network. To do so, we propose the DLNA proxy system (DPS) architecture which helps to gather various media information available from the distributed AV devices in the home and to share the media contents across the public IP network via established secure channels. The proxy system is implemented on the home server which acts as media server and the hardware accelerated IP security (IPSec) virtual private network (VPN) is configured on the home gateway which establishes and maintains secure connections between the home and public networks.


Previous studies on regional convergence in the US have employed varied methodologies and yielded different conclusions. Some authors report evidence that convergence has grown stronger in recent decades, while others find recent years have seen an end to convergence. We test for convergence with a method that allows for structural change. We find, first, that there is little overall evidence for convergence within the US. Results also indicate a series of positive breaks in the 1980s, indicating movement away from convergence was pronounced during this decade. Diverging housing costs may have played a role in limiting convergence.


Purpose To examine the associations between gait speed and sleep quality in first-year university students, according to gender. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 193 first-year university students [mean age±standard deviation (SD): 19.6±1.1 years; mean height: 178.0±10.5 cm; mean weight: 74.0±11.0 kg; 26.9% women). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality questionnaire, with a lower score indicating "better" sleep quality. Gait speed was measured using the Zebris pressure platform. The associations were examined with generalized linear models and multiple regression analysis. Results In the unadjusted model, faster participants had significantly "better" sleep quality (β=−3.15, 95% CI −3.82 to −2.47, p<0.001). When the model was adjusted for sex, age, body-mass index, self-rated health, smoking status, and psychological distress, faster participants remained having "better" sleep quality (β=−2.88, 95% CI −3.53 to −2.22, p<0.001). Conclusion This study shows that sleep quality can be predicted by gait speed in the first-year university students.


The article deals with the peculiarities of the use of benchmarking as a tool to improve the efficiency of domestic business processes and activities of industrial enterprises. The main types of benchmarking and algorithm of its implementation in projects to improve efficiency are systematized. Examples of successful and unsuccessful results of benchmarking application in Ukrainian enterprises are provided. The existing major problems concerning the methodology of benchmarking of domestic entrepreneurs are investigated. The authors deal with some of the psychological aspects of benchmarking that directly inhibit its development in Ukraine, despite the extensive experience of European countries in this method of management.


Experiments were carried out on 28 locally anesthetized,vagotomized,immo-bilized with Flaxedil and artificially ventilated rabbits.Dimefline-induced con-vulsive discharges were observed in tibial and phrenic nerves,nucleus tractus soli-tarius(NTS)and brainstem reticular formation.Tonic and clonic convulsive burstoccurred in all of these areas after intravenous injection of dimefline(1 .5mg/kg).There were partial synchronous bursts between units in brainstem reticular forma-tion and peripheral nerves.From the results of transection of brainstem and spi-nal cord we deduce that brainstem reticular formation might be the main originalsites where dimefline-induced convulsions are induced.Tractotomy experimentsindicate that discharge in peripheral nerves may be mediated by reticulospinal tract.


At the congressional level, the question, "who wins in House-Senate conferences?" has been answered. Almost all the evidence indicates that Senate conferees win more often than House conferees. This paper focuses on the question, "Who wins in state legislative conference committees?" I begin by briefly reviewing the explanations of why Senate conferees tend to win more often in congressional conference committees. Analyzing conference-committee behavior in ten state legislatures, I show that, as in the case of the United States Congress, conferees from the upper chambers of state legislatures tend to win more often than those from the lower chambers. Of the numerous explanations previously developed to explain this trend, that of Strom and Rundquist appears to conform best with the general tendencies within the states. Two partisanship variables, however, are shown to be related to specific inter-state variations from the general principles laid down by Strom and Rundquist's hypothesis.


Abstract We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the disconjugacy, disfocality, or oscillation of the second order linear difference equation. The conditions are given explicitly in terms of the coefficients in the equation.


The Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model is considered to study the QCD equation of state for the case of nonzero external magnetic fields. Thermodynamic observables including the pressure, energy density, entropy density, magnetization and the speed of sound are presented as functions of the temperature and the magnetic field. The magnetization is determined to be positive, indicating that the hadronic phase of QCD is paramagnetic. The behavior of the speed of sound suggests that the deconfinement transition temperature is lowered as the magnetic field grows. Moreover, a simple correspondence is derived, which relates the magnetic catalysis of the quark condensate to the positivity of the -function in scalar QED. Keywords: QCD equation of state, pressure, external magnetic field, background field method, magnetic catalysis ar X iv :1 30 1. 13 07 v2 [ he pph ] 8 A pr 2 01 3 Endrodi (2013) explained the magnetic catalysis qualitatively. For q antit tive studies on the chiral co densate,
 hadron "sigma terms" are necessary.


The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between Balanced Scorecard initiatives (BSCI) and organizational climate on the sustainability of higher education institutions. A sample of 272 top administrators at eight selected public universities in Malaysia was selected based on purposive sampling. A full-fledged Structural Equation Modeling Software Analysis of Moment Structures version 20.0 was used as statistical analysis technique in examining the psychometric properties, testing the hypothesis of Balanced Scorecard initiatives, organizational climate on the Sustainability of Malaysian higher education institutions (SMHEI) variables. Using a comprehensive Balanced Scorecard Initiatives theory this paper argues that Balanced Scorecard Initiatives provide a systemic strategy for the achievement of sustainability in Malaysian higher education institutions. The findings reveal that organizational climate has no relationship with sustainability and therefore consistent with previous literature due to communication challenges and decision-making in HEI that needs further attention among the selected eight higher education institutions in Malaysia. This study provides a basis for the future study but the result cannot be generalized for the whole of Malaysia due to the study is limited to peninsular Malaysia only. The framework presented in this study can be used as the basis for the development of general framework of the Balanced Scorecard, organizational climate and in the sustainability of higher education institutions perspectives. This paper indicates the preliminary findings on the Balanced Scorecard Initiatives and it is considered as first kind of research on the SMHEI.


As far as incompletely statistic,more than half of national defence students come from country.In some colleges the number exceed to 70%.The colony of country national defence students is a special and important colony.Through investigation,we knew the country national defence students' motivations of entering the service,value preferences,political accomplishments,characters etc.We also researched and analyzed the characteristics and rule of their ideological diversification in order to find out the ideological education strategy and to provide experience of strengthening and ameliorating the ideological-political education of National Defence Students.


The seismic exploration chip set from Cirrus Logic Company is chosen as the core component of acquisition system of the coalmine underground seismometer.The characteristic,structure and operating principle of Cirrus Logic chip set are introduced,and the hardware circuit and control software are designed for its use in coalmine seismometers.Experiment results show that the designed seismometer can meet the need of intrinsic safety,small size,low power consumption,high speed,high accuracy and portability.


The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences may be applied in mathematics classrooms in the context of an origami project. The paper discusses an origami project and the mathematics behind the project. The paper finally uses the origami project to discuss how Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences and idea of entry points can be applied in mathematics classrooms to help students understand and appreciate mathematics [H. Gardner, Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons, Basic Books, New York, 2006].