Occupational therapy appears to be in the process of "institutionalizing" research, and this accomplishment is being brought about through the efforts of visionary individuals and groups who have been working determinedly and quietly, or not so quietly, over the last 30 years. Two meanings of the word institution appropriately describe the development of research that is taking place within occupational therapy, a) "That which is instituted, or established, such as a practice or custom which is a material and persistent element in the life or culture of an organized social group" and b) "Any association, custom, or relationship consciously approved by a society, and organized and maintained through prescribed rules and agencies." (1, p 1288) Over the years, research has slowly grown to become a persistent element of the society of occu pational therapists. IvIotions and resolutions approved by the society's elected representative body established an official research program, which is now maintained by the two corporate bod ies, the American Occu pational Therapy Association (AOTA) and the American Occupational Therapy Foundation (AOTF), for the benefit of approximately 36,000 registered occupational therapists (OTRs) or certified occupational therapy assistants (COTAs). Two groups of individuals brought occupational therapy research to its present state: the doers and the su pporters, who made the doing possible. There are overlaps in the groups' memberships. The individuals, the AOTA, and the AOTF seem to be committed to the generation, conduct, monitoring, and support of research that is related to occupational therapy theory, practice, education, and philosophy. This paper traces the development of the research effort up to the present and recommends what will be needed in the future to ensure that the research momentum becomes sufficiently established to sustain itself.


Gene therapy is a powerful new therapeutic approach that targets disease at the genetic level. While gene therapy encompasses a vast range of molecular practices and methods, viruses are often selected as vectors due to their intrinsic nature and specialized mechanisms of cell entry. The retrovirus family, retroviridae, is particularly useful in gene therapy as a vector for introducing genetic material into cells as they have the capacity to integrate genetic material into the host genome. This characteristic is desirable as it can facilitate stable and long-term expression of the transgene. However, although having the capability to introduce genetic material into deficient cells is highly beneficial, insertional mutagenesis and oncogenesis may result from uncontrolled integration. Such risks are a major safety concern when considering the use of retroviral vectors in a clinical setting. Mal-integration can disrupt the host's genetic integrity resulting in diseases such as cancer. Fortunately, strategies aimed at limiting transgene integration to predetermined sites are in development. Furthermore, modified lentiviral vectors (LVs) have been constructed to transfer genetic elements without any integration. Thus, new solutions that minimize the risk of mal-integration have made retroviral vectors a prospective therapeutic tool which may have a great impact on the landscape of modern medicine.


Abstract Harmonic effects in a wideband stepped frequency radar(650 MHzS4.5 GHz) have been analyzed. As a result of numerical analysis and simulation, when the second harmonic exists in each frequency, a time-domain result represents an additional object which does not exist but looks to be located at a distance of twice the original object distance. The second harmonics can be removed effectively by low pass filters because there are no other signals between DC and a fundamental signal. In this paper, the harmonic problem can be solved by removing the second harmonics of 650 MHz to 4.5 GHz wideband fundamental signal with two switches and four low pass filters.Key words: Harmonics, Stepped Frequency Radars, Wideband Systems Š9e'':Q"'"•z\Z–9—˜™ƒ•z\Znš›9Œœ+žHŸ/p [10041950, ,i\;¢'tB£@/8¤ ¥¦§¨2•© Qf*aO;<=Œœ].« 8¬T"iG "Q(Department of Radio-Wave Engineering, Hanbat National University) *8®¯ \Z9°(Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) nManuscript received October 24, 2014 ; Revised February 3, 2015 ; Accepted February 3, 2015. (ID No. 20141024-087)nCorresponding Author: Dong-Ho Lee (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com)


IntroductionSelf-management positively contributes to the Quality of Life of many patients with chronic diseases.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-management and the quality of life and visual performance among patients with glaucoma.Materials and MethodsThe current cross-sectional and comparative study was conducted at the glaucoma clinic of the Eye Hospital in Tabriz City, Iran. Through simple random sampling method, the quality of life, visual function, and self-management of 120 patients were compared using the Glaucoma Quality of Life (GQOL-15), National Eye InstituteVisual Functioning (NEI-VFQ), and Patient Activating Measure (PAM) questionnaires. The study participants' demographic data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Student Samples t-test and Pearson's correlational coefficient were conducted to compare mean scores and determine the study variables' relations.ResultsThe total Mean±SD scores for the quality of life, self-management, and visual performance of the studied patients were 33.88±12.73, 65.06±12.69, and 81.36±14.01, respectively. There was a significant relationship between self-management and the quality of life and visual performance of the patients (P=0.001).ConclusionThere was a significant linear relationship between self-management and the quality of life and visual performance of the studied patients; thus, considering selfmanagement strategies in patient education plans for nursing curriculums and hospitals' education programs are suggested.


The present invention relates to a turbo blower, 1) a motor; 2) a gear housing incorporating a shaft of the motor and fastened bull gear and the bull gear and meshing with the pinion gear; 3) the bearing housing, which part is cut and embedded the rotational axis such that one impeller and at least one compound bearing is built expose the pinion gear is coupled to the bull gear and the pinion gear is formed match the rotational axis and the rotational axis high speed rotation body that includes, and is bonded portion is installed in the gear housing; And 4) the scroll portion for discharging the compressed air to surround the impeller; It provides a turbo blower including a. The present invention can minimize the load on the axial load and the radial direction and extend the same time ease of assembly performance while minimizing the number of parts of the whole high speed rotation, and the service life. Turbo blower, composite bearing, high-speed rotating body, the axial load, the radial load, the lubricating oil supply system, the impeller


Various denoising algorithms exist in the literature, however, no studies have ever been made to measure the impact of denoising algorithms on the quality of the video produced by a stabilization algorithm. In this paper, the impact of state of the art denoising algorithms on a feature-based video stabilization is measured and evaluated. Also, a quantitative measure is proposed which can give more insight on the impact of the chosen denoising algorithm on stabilization. The results show that the denoising algorithm can drastically affect the quality of stabilization results and choosing the latest denoising algorithm does not always guarantee the best stabilization results.


The fight against postpartum atonic bleeding is carried out using mechanical (massage of the uterus, pressing the aorta, tamponade of the uterine cavity), thermal (ice on the uterine region) and pharmacological (pituitrin, ergotine, etc.), which are usually used in combination with one another. When it is not possible to stop bleeding by the listed measures, they resort to amputation or extirpation of the uterus. However, it is not always possible to perform the operation in a timely manner, especially in rural conditions, as a result of which maternal mortality from postpartum hemorrhage is high.


Unity3D has become a popular, freely available 3D game engine for design and construction of virtual environments. Unfortunately, the few options that currently exist for adapting Unity3D to distributed immersive tiled or projection-based VR display systems rely on closed commercial products. Uni-CAVE aims to solve this problem by creating a freely-available and easy to use Unity3D extension package for cluster-based VR display systems. This extension provides support for head and device tracking, stereo rendering and display synchronization. Furthermore, Uni-CAVE enables configuration within the Unity environment enabling researchers to get quickly up and running.


Introduction Full range economic costing of weather disasters tends to be quite challenging. Complete and systematic data on such impacts are often lacking, and most data sets generally tend to underestimate losses. The best estimates made by Hoeppe (2016) for the average global cost of natural disasters worldwide between 1980 and 2014 have caused a total of 1.7 million fatalities and at least $4,200bn damages, including $1,100bn insured losses. Around 65% of the overall losses were due to convective and hydrological events. And what about future trends? Nineteen years ago, William Nordhaus (1997) expressed his dilemma that is still haunting both scientists and economists of today. It relates to the current significant knowledge gaps between the projected increase of temperature (now with high confidence) and its translation into future ecological, economic and social outcomes. Many important sectors still lack a proper description of their future growth dynamics in the presence of such impacts (Hallegatte et al., 2016) and economists often resort to the modeling of long-term economic growth on the basis of current time horizon and climate change scenarios. In doing so, they are neglecting the possibility of potential deviations from presumed model conditions of economic growth, irrespective of whether adverse impacts affect rich economies or those already weakened by various disequilibria or inertia in their readjustment process.


WHEN YOU LISTEN to the people of the mangroves, you hear the voice of powerlessness and betrayal. By ceding control of mangroves to shrimp farmers, the people's own governments have stripped their livelihoods from them, sending them this message: Your work has no value and your interests don't count. When they protest, their words are dismissed as the ranting of lunatics and troublemakers. And yet they continue to stand up for their way of life and for the forests.


Lack of trust is a major reason for many companies to take a cautious stance towards business-to-business electronic commerce. Especially innovative business models such as online business-to-business marketplaces face the task of not only having to give their members and partners faith in their own capabilities and reliability, but also to ensure that the respective parties interacting through them have trust in each other. Therefore, we develop a framework of analysis that serves as a means to discover holes in the trust landscape of such marketplaces. This framework is based on a thorough discussion of the notion of trust, that of trustrelated trends as well as an analysis of the roles and objects of business-to-business electronic commerce. This discussion shows the challenge but also the opportunity for marketplaces as intermediaries in virtual relationships that lies in a comprehensive understanding of the concept of trust. Furthermore, we believe that it gives a foundation for transferring the general understanding of trust not only to our application for a framework for business-to-business marketplaces but also for other online intermediaries.


The stereoselective cyclization of δ-hydroxy nitriles to afford N,O-acetals and the application of this reaction toward the synthesis of glycosylamines is described.


Microcontroller (1), in addition to the circuits and data memories of a micro-controller to be emulated (2) comprises an arrangement for controlling the interruption and for recording data of a program execution, wherein the assembly includes a debug unit (3) and a control logic (5) which is assigned based on a specific program instructions selection attribute that by a first access attribute that allows the interruption of the program, and by a further access attribute that allows the recording of the execution data , is formed and defined access rights of the debug unit (3) on the address of an address space in which the program is stored, determines controls that the debug unit (3): - can only interrupt a program when the first access attribute is set, - the execution data can record only if the additional access attribute is set, or - can interrupt a program and record the performance data when the first and the further access attribute are set.


Under the Constitution, only Members of the Seimas are representatives of the Nation and only the Seimas is the representation of the Nation. One of the most important features ac- cording to which a state institution is to be ascribed to the representation of the Nation is that it is a collegiate (acting as a collegiate body) state institution, which is comprised from representatives of the Nation and which adopts decisions only after debates, only by majority of votes and by taking account of various opinions. The concept of the Seimas as the representation of the Nation is based upon these provisions: (1) the Seimas – the representation of the Nation – is established by the Nation itself. The Nation does so by adopting the Constitution and therein establishing the Seimas – the representation of the Nation – one of the institutions implementing state power; (2) the Nation as the subject to whom belongs sovereignty and who executes supreme sovereign power empowers the Seimas – the representation of the Nation – to execute (implement), within the limits established in the Constitution, the legislative power and to perform other functions provided for in the Constitution and those arising from it; (3) the Seimas – the representation of the Nation – while executing the powers ascribed to it by the Constitution, may not overstep the limits, which the Nation has been established to in the Constitution, i.e. in its activities the Seimas is bound by the Constitution as well as the laws that the Seimas itself has adopted; (4) the Nation, while seeking to ensure that all the institutions, including the Seimas – the representation of the Nation – which implement state power, follow and not violate the Constitution, in the Constitution provides for (establishes) an institution of constitutional control, i.e. the Constitutional Court, which it entrusts with the supervision of inter alia whether the Seimas – the representation of the Nation – while implementing its powers, acts within the limits established to it in the Constitution. In the Constitution the Nation grants the powers to the Constitutional Court inter alia to decide whether the laws and other legal acts adopted by the Seimas are in conflict with legal acts of greater power and, first of all, with the Constitution, and if such conflict is stated, to remove them from the legal system of Lithuania; (5) the Seimas – the representation of the Nation – is formed by means of democratic, free and fair elections; the Member of the Seimas is a representative of the entire Nation, regardless according to what electoral system he has been elected. The Member of the Seimas is not a representative at the Seimas of any electorate of corresponding electoral area that elected him, nor any political party or political organisation that nominated him, nor of any other subject: he is a representative of the entire Nation. The free mandate of the Member of the Seimas entrenched in the Constitution means that in his activity the Member of the Seimas follows only the Constitution, the interests of the state and his own conscience. The member of the Seimas cannot be recalled by the electorate.


The invention discloses an interval type hydrophilic nonwoven material and a preparation method thereof. The nonwoven material basement is arranged in an interval way and processed through hydrophilic treatment form hydrophilic areas which are arranged at intervals. The preparation method of the interval type hydrophilic nonwoven material can be used to perform various on-line functional treatments to the nonwoven material, the equipment modification is easy, the investment is low, the preparation method can not conflict with the production technology of the common nonwoven material, the existing equipment and process can also be used; and therefore, the method is easy to realize and the production cost is low. The interval type hydrophilic nonwoven material can have different functions; the interval type hydrophilic nonwoven material can be freely cut into multiple pieces with small breadth along the transverse breadth direction, and for example the nonwoven material with small breadth in the arrangement manner of 'non-treatment + hydrophilic treatment + non-treatment' can be prepared; and the amount of raw material used in hydrophilic treatment can be reduced, the cost is saved,and the bad effects of some raw materials to human body can be lowered.


The electron cloud in positron storage rings is pinched when a bunch passes by. For short bunches, the radiation due to acceleration of electrons of the cloud is coherent. Detection of such radiation can be used to measure the density of the cloud. The estimate of the power and the time structure of the radiated signal is given in this paper.


We report on an observation of the youngest Crab-like supernova remnant, 3C 58, undertaken with the {ital ROSAT} high-resolution imager. The presence of a compact X-ray source at the center of the remnant, suggested by earlier observations, is confirmed, although aspect problems with the Observatory allow us to set only an upper limit on the size of the source of less than 10{double_prime}. We describe an efficient new algorithm for conducting period searches on sparsely sampled data with a relatively small number of photons, and use it to set an upper limit on the pulsed fraction of this source of 50{percent}. We show that the diffuse X-ray emission from the remnant is cospatial with the nonthermal radio emission and constrain the spectral parameters of the X-ray power-law fit. We go on to explore several models for the compact source, showing that Crab-like nonthermal pulses and thermal emission from the entire stellar surface are unlikely to explain the emission. Polar caps heated by magnetospheric discharges could be responsible for the observed X-rays. We conclude that the low X-ray pulsed fraction, inferred emitting area and temperature for the compact source, nebular luminosities in the X-ray and radio bands, and the known agemore » can all be reconciled if {ital P}{approximately}200 ms, {dot {ital P}}{approximately}4000{times}10{sup {minus}15} s s{sup {minus}1}, and {ital B}{approximately}3{times}10{sup 13} G, which would make this the highest magnetic field pulsar known. {copyright} {ital 1995 The American Astronomical Society.}« less


Sample collecting is crucial for the representativeness of sediments analysis in fish pond. The number of samples and their randomization are among the various factors that may affect results. Current research aims to analyze and develop a technique for sample collecting in fish pond through the evaluation of the effects of the sample number on the variability of results obtained. A fry pond at the Fish culture Station of the State University of Maringa/Codapar, located in the district of Floriano, Maringa city, Parana State, Brazil, was used. Whereas samples were collected in nine sites within the pond, according to the square division method, in a randomized imaginary S, a sample comprising 10 simple samples was randomly collected for comparison with the pond original soil at its margin. The main chemical characteristics of the original soil and of the pond sediments in the samples were determined. Highest variation coefficients among the characteristics were phosphorus and carbon; soil pH showed the lowest coefficient. It has been found that a representative sample, at 5% level, could be obtained from seven randomly collected simple samples at a 20% variation of the correct average. Fifty-six collections of simple samples were needed in the case of phosphorus and carbon, at 1% level of probability and 10% average variability. The six square division method plus the imaginary S-collection method and randomization were a good technique to assess the pond fertility


In this paper we describe a program written to evaluate algorithms used in the process of attitude determination, including image processing algorithms, star identification algorithms and attitude determination algorithms. This simulation environment allows the user to perform multiple tests, including Monte Carlo simulations at random locations and attitude determination from true sky images. The user can choose from a list of star identification algorithms and image processing algorithms which algorithms will be used during the tests. For example, the list of observed stars, that is used by the star identification algorithm, can be generated from a true-sky image saved previously in the hard-disk, a true-sky image downloaded from a camera in real-time or from the star catalog itself, depending on the image processing algorithm or sensor optical model algorithm chosen for the test. We successfully performed a true-sky demonstration with this software in October 2003. This software was written in C, using free development tools (DJGPP, RHIDE and ALLEGRO). It runs in any PC running MS-DOS or capable of running MS-DOS programs. The software is portable, so it can be compiled to other platforms, such as Windows and possibly Linux/Unix.


can they achieve the kind of equality that they demand. The samples of public opinions collected and arranged in this report, and the comments made upon them by the anonymous editor or editors (presumably some or all of the members of the Commission) throw more light on the nature of this perplexing problem and serve to lay some ancient myths. Thus it is revealed that it is not true that in Quebec the French learn English but the English do not learn French. 28.7 % of Quebecers of British origin are bilingual whereas only 24.4 % of those of French descent know the two languages. Three out of four million French Canadians in Quebec know no English. This may explain why no one suggested to the Commission what has sometimes been asserted, that in certain instances French-Canadians have an advantage simply because they tend to be the more bilingual, e.g. in retail trades in cities like Ottawa where knowledge of the two languages is imperative, and in government departments, where a due proportion of French speakers has always been politically necessary. Instead, attention has been directed in recent years to the fact that the top jobs are more often held by 'Anglophones' who often do not speak French, and to the fact that the French-Canadian may be able to live a very full life without knowing English in his home environment, but if he steps out into a wider environment he is lost.


The paper presents a review of recent research dealing with the perceptual aspects of temporal organization of spoken language and its prosodic structure. Special emphasis will be placed on the prosodic characteristics of discourse: units of spoken language that consist of more than one sentence. Results of a recent experiment will be reported, in which listeners were presented with filtered and unfiltered versions of a naturally produced narrative monologue, and were requested to identify sentence and paragraph and boundaries. The performance of the listeners in identifying boundaries will be correlated with the prosodic cues available to them in the filtered version, and the additional syntactic and semantic cues present in the unfiltered version. Analysis of listener responses makes it possible to separate the perceptual role of prosodic cues from that of syntactic and semantic cues. The distinction between the acoustic manifestation of sentence boundaries and paragraph boundaries will be likewise disc...


Objective To investigate the relationship between arterial elasticity and HCY in patients with essential hypertension.Methods Plasma HCY and baPWV were detected in 115 cases with essential hypertension.86 cases of healthy people who had medical examination were as the normal control group.Results HCY and baPWV in hypertension group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P0.05);And the HCY was significantly positively correlated with baPWV(r=0.365,P0.05).Conclusion HCY is significantly correlated with arterial elasticity in patients with hypertension.


We present a case of 50-year-old man with Graves' disease who had antibodies against triiodothyronine (T3) resulting in inappropriately elevated total T3 (TT3) and free T3 (FT3) concentrations, during an 8-year period of treatment with carbimazole


Through this study, we aim to reveal the representations of the city's space in the collection of the Algerian poet Mounira Saada Khalkhal, which is marked by (to the wind the tree said), trying from behind that to answer a question that we have always had while reading the poetess, which is more poetic achieved by the text as a format or the experience as a practice.
This is no longer a city
horizontally or orbitally
We must establish in order to see it
And we see that we see it
Because it's still a fetus
language still buried
With this Al-Adnisi opening, which bears the vision of its owner for the city, we decided to start our hasty reading, recalling our firm belief in Russell's saying in which he says, "Reading is often equivalent to loss." And we ask, what kind of loss is this? Lost for the sake of losing? Or is it lost in order to get the text out "from its stillness to a more attractive dynamic" [i]?


Objective To investigate the effects of TiN and Au coating on chemical corrosion of Co-Cr alloy in a marination environment.Methods TiN and Au coating was prepared by multi-arc ion plating and galvanization respectively.The groups of samples coated with TiN and gold film respectively were immersed into the same artificial saliva at 37 ℃ for three months.During the whole immersion period,the concentration of cobalt ion in the 10 ml artificial saliva was analyzed with atomic absorption spectrophotometer after 30,60 and 90 days.Finally,the weight change of the post-immersion samples was measured.The samples without coating were used as the controls.Results In all the groups,Co ion concentration in the artificial saliva increased while the immersion continued.Co ion concentration from TiN film coated samples into the immersed artificial saliva was lower than that of other two kinds of samples after the same immersion time.The weight loss of TiN coated and uncoated samples was statistically smaller than that of the gold coated samples.Conclusion The anti-corrosion property of the Co-Cr alloy can be strengthened by TiN coating.


SUMMARY

Coseismic and post-seismic deformation in the fully relaxed state following large earthquakes is modelled for finite faults by means of multilayered, viscoelastic, self-gravitating, hydrostatically pre-stressed, spherical earth models based on the preliminary reference earth model (PREM) with a Maxwell rheology. For both finite dip-slip and strike-slip sources we find that the elastic layering of the lithosphere has a major impact on the modelling of co- and post-seismic deformation. For large and deep earthquakes embedded at the base of the lithosphere in the proximity of the lithosphere–upper mantle interface in order to study the effects of mantle relaxation, coseismic and post-seismic deformation can result in several tens of centimetres of displacement, with a deformation pattern strongly dependent on the distance from the source and the azimuth from the strike of the fault. Strike-slip faulting is found to be more sensitive to mantle rheology than dip-slip faulting. Deviations between earth models with a homogeneous crust and lithosphere and those based on PREM are of the same order as the coseismic and post-seismic signals, ranging from a few centimetres to several tens of centimetres for large earthquakes with seismic moments of 1022 N m and epicentral depths of 75–100 km at the base of the lithosphere. This finding lends further support to the conclusion of a preliminary study based on dip-slip point sources that observations based on VLBI, GPS and SAR techniques, which can easily resolve crustal deformation of the order of the deviations among the various lithospheric models, can be badly misinterpreted if the results of surveying in seismogenic regions are compared with earth models that have a limited number of layers in general and a homogeneous crust in particular.


Historical cities are fundamental to the knowledge of human development. It is also known that
the materials and the construction techniques used for the construction of buildings have
evolved over time, speeding up the construction process and preventing them from presenting
anomolias and pathological manifestations, once completed. In Brazil, as in many other
countries, these old buildings are located in historic centers, many of them considered as a
patrimony of humanity, due to their richness of architecture and architecture, but it has become
a challenge to preserve them, due to the scarcity of information about the materials and
techniques used, as well as the lack of investment in research in the area. Aiming to know and
understand a little more about the pathological manifestations present in the buildings of the
historical center of the city of Sao Luis / MA, the present work was carried out in the Nossa
Senhora dos Remedios Church. Information was collected through photographic reports,
inspection questionnaires and anamnesis, in order to define the real panorama in which the
church's facades meet existing pathologies, as well as proposing therapies for the pathologies
detected. It was found that the building has a high degree of pathological manifestation,
aggravated by lack of maintenance. The anomalies found vary according to the level of severity,
from the unwanted visual aspect to the impairment of the structure.


Starting with 3,4-methylenedioxy aniline, the intermediate 3,4-methylenedioxy bromobenzene was obtained through Sandmeyer reaction (the yield was 75.0%), then the objective product 3,4-methylenedioxy phenethylamine was prepared with Grignard reaction (the yield was 74.8%), esterification (the yield was 94.0%) and Gabriel reaction (the yield was 63.0%). Finally the structure of product was characterized by IR spectrum and liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS). The effects of temperature on the each reaction were discussed, and the optimum reaction condition was determined.


We present a new open source library and tools for solving large linear systems of equations with sparse matrices resulting from simulations with finite element, finite volume and finite differences. FEMT is a multi-platform software (Windows, GNU/Linux, Mac OS), released as open source (GNU LGPL). FEMT can run from laptops up to clusters of computers. It has been programmed in modern standard C++, also has modules to access it easily from many programming languages, like Fortran, Python, Java, C++, C, etc. In this work we will describe the tools and the solvers that are used, there are three kind: direct, iterative and domain decomposition. Direct and iterative solvers are designed to run in parallel in multi-core computers using OpenMP. The domain decomposition solver has been designed to run in clusters of computers using a combination of MPI (Message Passing Interface) and OpenMP. The interchange of information is done using pipes (memory allocated files). This makes easy to use the solvers included in FEMT from existing simulation codes without large code changes. We will show some numerical results of finite element simulation of solid deformation and heat diffusion, with systems of equations that have from a few million, to more than one hundred million degrees of freedom.


According to Directive 91/414/EC concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market MemberStates have to ensure that a plant protection product, when it is properly applied for the intended purpose, has noharmful effect on human health.For evaluation of the toxicity of preparations (containing active substance(s) and co-formulants) amongst otherssufficient information should be available on their irritation potential. These tests shall provide e.g. informationabout the potential of skin irritancy including the possible reversibility of the effects observed. The skin irritancy ofplant protection products must be determined according to Dir. 92/69/EEC, Method B4. Tests can only be omittedif foreseeable severe skin effects may be produced or if effects can be totally excluded. On the other hand,classification of preparations could be performed based on irritant properties of the components according to Dir.1999/45/EC and Reg. No. 1272/2008, respectively, under specific circumstances. For this purpose concentrations ofall classified irritant components have to be considered. In general, the approach of classifying mixtures as irritantor corrosive to the skin when data are available on the components, but not on the mixture as a whole, is based onthe theory of additivity. Thus every single corrosive or irritant component contributes to the overall irritant orcorrosive properties of the mixture in proportion to its potency and concentration.Directive 67/548/EEC: Substances and preparations are considered irritant if the mean value of all scores for eithererythema and eschar formation or oedema formation is 2 or more (in the case where the test has been carried outusing three animals, a mean value of 2 or more is observed calculated for each individual animal in at least twoanimals) from gradings at 24, 48 and 72 hours after patch removal.Directive 1999/45/EC: Individual concentration limits expressed as a weight/weight percentage, determining theclassification of the preparation:Classification of the substance Classification of preparationC; R35 C; R34 Xi; R38C; R35 10 % 5 % - < 10 % 1 % - < 5 %C; R34 10 % 5 % - < 10 %Xi; R38 20 %Regulation No. 1272/2008: The major criterion for the irritant category is that at least 2 of 3 tested animals have amean score of 2,3 - 4,0 for erythema/eschar or for oedema from gradings at 24, 48 and 72 hours after patchremoval.Generic concentration limits of ingredients classified for skin corrosive/irritant hazard (Category 1 or 2) that triggerclassification of the mixture as corrosive/irritant to skin:Sum of ingredients classified as: Concentration triggering classification of a mixture as:Skin Corrosive Cat. 1 Skin Irritant Cat. 2Skin Corrosive Cat. 1A, 1B, 1C 5 % 1 % - < 5 %Skin irritant Cat. 2 10 %(10 × Skin Corrosive Cat. 1A, 1B, 1C) + Skin irritant Cat. 2 10 %Co-formulants in plant protection products are added intentionally to the formulation in order to gain/improvecertain characteristics. These substances are used to achieve the maximum target effects ensuring the necessaryproperties for the application. Therefore, they can enhance exposure of pests and/or efficiency of the activeingredient.Comparison of skin irritation classification of pesticide preparations was performed using in vivo data andcalculation methods according to Dir. 1999/45/EC and Reg. No. 1272/2008. All plant protection products classifiedwith R38 and authorised in DE as well as all authorised plant protection products with known irritant ingredientswhere chosen for the evaluation.The results of the comparison show, that the conventional calculation method seems to be not sufficiently suitablefor an adequate assessment of irritant properties of complex pesticide preparations. For many plant protectionproducts the skin irritation hazard will be underestimated if the calculation method is applied. One possible reasonmight be the influence of ingredients, which are weak irritating with scores below the threshold of classification.Using the calculation method these compounds are not taken into account. Furthermore synergistic effects orinteractions between components are not considered, either.


Apparent molar volumes (V f ) and viscosities (h) for 0.00005 to 0.0004 kg.mol-1 (50 to 400 mmol kg-1) aqueous methotrexate (MT X ), gram (Gp) and soya bean (SBp) proteins, and similar compositions of Gp and SBp each in 50 to 400 mmol kg-1 aqueous MT X were determined at 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15K. The V f values are positive except aqueous MT X and listed as SBp > Gp > MTX in aqueous and SBp > Gp in MTX solutions, respectively. It infers weaker hydrophobic heteromolecular interaction of SBp in binary and ternary systems. The higher h values of SBp and Gp in MT X than those of aqueous MT X prove strengthening of hydrophobic interactions of proteins by MT X . It illustrates the conformational changes of proteins; slightly higher V f values of SBp than of Gp. The MTX confirm higher structural activity in biological process. The V f 0 of MT X increases with K and decrease with composition. But with compositions the values continuously decrease with lower magnitude.


Benign tumors of connective tissue are mesodermal unusual in the vulva fibroma. Know also as Acrochordon in the most common in the major labia. Usually is a unique mass but sometimes is multiple. Show growth mass during many years and become pediculate and ulceration and infection like the present case it may have sarcomatous degeneration it's frequency is unknow we present a case of giant fibroma of vulva 12 years duration with no symptoms until it become necrosis and hemorrhage without sarcoma degeneration.


On 2 December 2011, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) confirmed that it had received an application for suspension of its investigation from both China Telecom and China…


Aim The study aimed to examine the optimal anterior-posterior depth which will reduce the time to return of spontaneous circulation and improve survival during chest compressions. Asphyxiated neonatal piglets receiving chest compression resuscitated with a 40% anterior-posterior chest depth compared with 33%, 25% or 12.5% will have reduced time to return of spontaneous circulation and improved survival. Methods Newborn piglets (n=8 per group) were anaesthetised, intubated, instrumented and exposed to 45 min normocapnic hypoxia followed by asphyxia and cardiac arrest. Piglets were randomly allocated to four intervention groups ('anterior-posterior 12.5% depth', 'anterior-posterior 25% depth', 'anterior-posterior 33% depth' or 'anterior-posterior 40% depth'). Chest compressions were performed using an automated chest compression machine with a rate of 90 per minute. Haemodynamic and respiratory parameters, applied compression force, and chest compression depth were continuously measured. Results The median (IQR) time to return of spontaneous circulation was 600 (600–600) s, 135 (90–589) s, 85 (71–158)* s and 116 (63–173)* s for the 12.5%, 25%, 33% and 40% depth groups, respectively (*p<0.001 vs 12.5%). The number of piglets that achieved return of spontaneous circulation was 0 (0%), 6 (75%), 7 (88%) and 7 (88%) in the 12.5%, 25%, 33% and 40% anterior-posterior depth groups, respectively. Arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, carotid blood flow, applied compression force, tidal volume and minute ventilation increased with greater anterior-posterior chest depth during chest compression. Conclusions Time to return of spontaneous circulation and survival were similar between 25%, 33% and 40% anterior-posterior depths, while 12.5% anterior-posterior depth did not result in return of spontaneous circulation or survival. Haemodynamic and respiratory parameters improved with increasing anterior-posterior depth, suggesting improved organ perfusion and oxygen delivery with 33%–40% anterior-posterior depth. Trial registration number PTCE0000193. In an asphyxiated piglet model, time to return of spontaneous circulation was similar for chest compressions 25%, 33%, and 40% anterior-posterior depth, while Increasing compression depth improved hemodynamic and respiratory parameters.


The difference of swallowing function between a new zero-notch anterior cervical interbody fusion device (ROI-C) and classical method with the plate using in anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) were discussed and analyzed. 57 cases in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from Feb 2013 to Mar 2016 who underwent ACDF were retrospectively reviewed. There were 33 cases in group using with ROI-C and 24 cases in group using with plate. The difference of dysphagia incidence and severity were analyzed by comparing with the image data before and after operation. The dysphagia correlative risk factors analyzed by logistic regression test were internal fixation material and thickness of 3-days post-operative prevertebral soft tissue (PST). When the PST (3-days post-operative) was larger than 10.44mm, the chance of developing postoperative was significantly greater. The thickness of 3-days post-operative PST in ROI-C group was significantly lower than that in plate group ( P P P >0.05). 3-days post-operation, the dysphagia incidence and severity were significantly lower in ROI-C group than that in plate group ( P <0.05). The dysphagia correlative risk factors are internal fixation material and thickness of 3-days post-operative PST. When the 3-days post-operative PST larger than 10.44 mm, the chance of developing postoperative is significantly greater. Zero-notch ROI-C anterior cervical interbody fusion device is associated with less stimulations to esophagus, lower postoperative dysphagia incidence, milder severity of dysphagia and shorter period of dysphagia in ACDF.


In order to improve the accuracy and to curb the matrix expansion of the kernel learning methods in the process of online fault detection, a new method based on one-class kernel extreme learning machine (OCKELM) and incremental learning is proposed. Firstly, the OCKELM fault detection target function is established only depended on the target samples. And the expressions of kernel function and kernel weight vector are derived. Sparse dictionary is introduced to prevent the expansion of the dictionary scale. During the process of forward and backward sparse, with the strategy of construction and pruning, a set of key nodes with a predetermined scale is selected based on minimizing the cumulative coherence of the online dictionary. Besides, according to the node selection results, the model parameters are updated online recursively by using the elementary transformation of the matrix and the block matrix inverse formula. The proposed method is applied to the artificial data set and UCI data set. The experimental results show that the testing time consumption of the proposed method is at the level of 10-4s and the online detection can be realized. Moreover, compared with the existing mature offline fault detection methods, this method performs better in F1, AUC, G-mean and fault detection rate.


11030 Background: Deregulated mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling occurs in many cancers. Mechanisms underlying deregulation of MAPK remain poorly understood. The Dual Specificity Phosphatases (DUSP) are negative regulators of MAPK, but there is little if any evidence of DUSP gene inactivation in human neoplasia. Methods: We used methylation reversal with 5'deazacytidine combined with genome-wide micro-array to identify epigenetically regulated genes in 146 cases of locally advanced, stage III-IV, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) treated with cisplatin-based chemo-radiotherapy. Analysis of methylation was performed using bisulphite sequencing and methylation specific PCR (MSP). Results: We identified down-regulation of Dual Specificity Phosphatase 2 (DUSP2), a negative regulator of MAPK activity, in HNSCC. Down-regulation of DUSP2 is associated with aberrant methylation in the CpG island located at the 5'end of the gene and is reversible by treatment with demethylating agents....


By using the method of documents,video observation and statistics,this article comparatively analyzes the technical statistics of 8 matches of Chinese woman volleyball team and foreign teams,and finds out their dominant and lacking in techniques in order to provide some references for their training,competition and development in the future.


Extensive French reading is a compulsory course in the basic stage of French majors, and it is a necessary supplement and improvement of basic French. After years of exploring the teaching mode of French extensive reading courses and comprehensive teaching practical experience, we believe that the extensive reading courses should strive to achieve seven combinations: the basic French course and the French extensive reading course, the combination of teaching materials and foreign textbooks, the combination of literary classics and current affairs, the combination of language and culture, the combination of reading and exercises, the combination of traditional paper documents and internet resources.


The demodulating principle of optical fiber grating Bragg wavelength shift based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer is analyzed.The output spectra of interferometer are simulated.The algorithm of output circuits is discussed.The wavelength shift detection scheme used in temperature sensing system is demonstrated by experiments.The measured wavelength accuracy comes up to 0.7 pm in the experiments.


PURPOSE: A coastal expansion sidewalk including a protection wall is provided to secure the stability of a pavement structure and the safety of pedestrians. CONSTITUTION: A coastal expansion sidewalk including a protection wall comprises a base bracket(100), multiple square section steels(200), a coupler(300), a flooring material(400), a safety fence(500), and a protection wall(800). The base bracket is included of an upper flange, a lower flange, a web, and a side flange(140). The side flange contacts to the side of a coastal retaining wall(1). The base bracket is extended to the outside of the seashore retaining wall and includes the base bracket. Multiple square section steels is installed on the top of the base bracket. The coupler combines the square section steel in the base bracket. The square section steel is installed in the base bracket to be expanded and contracted according to the temperature change. The flooring material is installed on the top of the square steel. The safety fence is installed in the upper flange of the outer portion of the base bracket. The shield is installed on the bottom side of the base bracket and prevents the inflow of seawater.


Low-cost wearable inertial sensors and balance plates offer great opportunities to provide body kinematic and spatial measurements of mobility-related activities, such as the sit-to-stand (STS) motion, a crucial movement to activities of daily living. This abstract presents the development of a Kalman-filter based sensor fusion algorithm with error compensation for detecting upper-trunk kinematics and a finite state machine based adaptive algorithm, which aims to analyze and detect crucial events, the transition of phases and timing of the movement. Both methods were tested on stroke survivors. The results show the sensor fusion algorithm has excellent correlation coefficients and contains very small errors in estimating rotation angles and velocities while the adaptive algorithm had a small bias and consistent delay in detecting the transition of phases.


ObjectiveTibia vara seen in Japanese patients reportedly influences the tibial component alignment when performing TKA. However, it is unclear whether tibia vara affects the component position and size selection. We therefore determined (1) the amount of medial tibial bow, (2) whether the tibia vara influences the aspect ratio of the tibial resected surface in aligning the tibial component with the tibial shaft axis (TSA), and (3) whether currently available tibial components fit the shapes of resected proximal tibias in terms of aspect ratio.Material and MethodsThe study was performed using CT data from 90 lower limbs in 74 Japanese female patients with primary varus knee OA, scheduled for primary TKAs between January 2010 and March 2012. We measured the tibia vara angle (TVA; the angle between the TSA and the tibial mechanical axis), proximal varus angle (PVA; angle between the TSA and the line connecting the center of the tibial eminence and the center of the proximal 1/3 of the tibia) using three-dime...


Supplementary data ml http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/suppl/2010/04/02/rsbl.2010.0119.DC1.ht "Data Supplement" References #ref-list-1 http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2010/04/01/rsbl.2010.0119.full.html This article cites 13 articles, 1 of which can be accessed free P<P Published online 7 April 2010 in advance of the print journal. Subject collections (1578 articles) evolution  • (224 articles) taxonomy and systematics  • Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections


High performance microwave and millimeter-wave InP-based high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) and heterostructure bipolar transistor (HBT) ICs are being developed by Hughes Research Laboratories for future commercial and military communication and radar systems. The status of InP-based device and IC technology relative to competing silicon- and GaAs-based technologies is reviewed. Technology insertion issues, such as performance, cost, and manufacturability, are discussed based on the Hughes InP-based microelectronics prototype line. The potential market for the technology is reviewed.<<ETX>>


Part of the Health Promotion FIRST (Funding Integrated Research, Synthesis and Training) legislation we are advocating1 calls for development of a strategic plan on how to best develop the basic and applied science of health promotion. This plan might include three basic elements: 1) a research agenda identifying the important research questions to be answered, 2) review of the resources required to answer these questions, and 3) an outline of the optimal mix of state, federal, and private organizations to provide these resources. Each of these elements is briefly discussed below.


The article discusses the principles of the conceptual approach to the literary text analysis, and motivates the necessity of the conceptual analysis application in the process of literary texts translation.


Magneto optical devices based on the Faraday effects of lanthanide ion have attracted much attention. Recently, large Faraday effects were found in nano-sized multinuclear lanthanide complexes. In this study, the Faraday rotation intensities were estimated for lanthanide nitrates [Ln(III) (NO3 )3 ⋅n H2 O: Ln=Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) and Eu(III) complexes with β-diketone ligands, using magnetic circular dichroism. Eu ions exhibit the largest Faraday rotation intensity for (7) F0 →(5) D1 transitions, and high-symmetry fields around the Eu ions induce larger Faraday effects. The molecular design for the enhancement of Faraday effects in lanthanide complexes is discussed.


In the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, Li Hong-zhang recognized the great power of those "foreign business".And in the intercourse with other countries,he knew more the importance of "taking advantage of foreign techniques ".So he ran foreign business ,developed the diplomatic relationship with other countries ,and settled the domestic affairs ,in order to "patch heaven"of Qing dynasty.The movement,which had lasted for over thirty years ,seemed successful professedly. However it could not save the country and ensure its survival because of its limitation on the thought of "patching heaven"


The yield of electronically excited oxygen atoms O(1D2) following excimer laser photolysis of ozone at 248 and 308 nm was directly measured using time‐resolved resonance fluorescence emission at ≊130 nm. The result obtained at 248 nm is in good agreement with a previous resonance fluorescence measurement in which the yield of ground‐state O(3PJ) was determined in the presence of gases which either quenched or reacted with O(1D2). The relative yield determined at 308 nm 0.79±0.02 is the first such determination in the region of weak Hartley band absorption near the thermochemical threshold for production of O(1D2)+O2(a1Δg). When taken in conjunction with the previously measured relative yields of O(1D2) at this wavelength, this result suggests that the yield of electronically excited oxygen atoms at 300 nm is 0.96±0.02.


Ethereal solutions of the dianils I, when added under conditions of high dilution to a suspension of sodium sand in ether, give macrocyclic compounds II (n = 2–6) besides variable amounts of primary amines VI, secondary amines VIII and resinous products.


Arnold: a study in conflict (Chicago, University of Chicago Press; Toronto, Ryerson, · xiv, 224 pp., $3.50). EvANS (D. A.), Le socialisme romantique: Pierre Leroux et ses contemporains; preface par EnouARD DoLLEANs (Biblioth~que d'histoire economique et sociale; Paris, Marcel Riviere, 262 pp.). HICKS (R. K.) trans., Marc Lescarbot's Theatre of Neptune; with an introduction by Principal W. L. GRANT, as originally published in the Queen's Quarterly (Marc Lescarbot books of New World poetry; Lower Granville, N.S., Abanaki Press, 1947, 12 pp., 75c.). KENNER (HucH), Paradox in Chesterton; introduction by HERBERT MARSHALL McLUHAN (New York, Sheed & Ward, 1947, xxiv, 157 pp., $2.00). MAcKAY (L.A.), The wrath of Homer (Toronto, University of Toronto Press--Saunders, x, 131 pp., $2.50). PERCIVAL (W. P.) ed., Leading Canadian poets (Toronto, Ryerson, x, 271 pp., $3.50). RoYAL SoCIETY OF CANADA, Transactions, Section II: literature, history, archaeology, sociology, political economy, and allied subjects, meeting of May, 1947 (Ottawa, the Society, 135 pp.). SEDGEWICK (G. G.), Of irony, especially in drama; new ed. {Toronto, University of Toronto Press-Saunders, xii, 127 pp., $2.75). THOMPSON (D. B.), Swans and amber: some early Greek lyrics freely translated and adapted {Toronto, University of Toronto Press-Saunders, xii, 194 pp., $2.75). WILsoN (R. A.), The miraculous birth of language; preface by GEoRGE BERNARD SHAW; new ed. (New York, Philosophical Library; Toronto, McLeod, 256 pp., $4.50).


Entity resolution (ER) is to find database records that refer to the same real-world entity. A key component for ER is to choose a proper distance (similarity) function for each database field to quantify the similarity of records. Most existing ER approaches focus on how to define a proper matching rule based on generic or hand-crafted distance metrics. In this paper, we explore two learnable string distance metrics for two kinds of ER problems by employing the principle component analysis and the largest margin nearest neighbor algorithm for training. Experimental results on real data sets show that our approaches can improve entity resolution accuracy over traditional techniques.


It is well known that light stimulates the reproductive system of the white rat (Browman, '37, '38 a ; Fiske, '39 ; LuceClausen and Brown, '39 b; de Jongh and van der Woerd, '39). It has also been reported that light or the absence of light influences the general growth of the white rat (Browman, '38b; Luce-Clausen and Brown, '39 a). Just exactly how light exerts its influence is not fully understood. Most workers who have investigated the effects of radiant energy have assumed that light acts via the optic apparatus to stimulate the pituitary which in turn affects other organ systems. I f the eye, products of the eye, or portions of the optic apparatus are necessary for radiant energy to stimulate the pituitary with the consequent release of gonadotropic, growth, or other hormones, it may then be postulated that the ablation of the eye would inhibit or delay the release of these pituitary substances. If there is a delay or inhibition of pituitary activity there should be evidence of such inhibition in the morphological and physiological conditions of experimental animals. Preliminary experiments along this line were previously reported (Browman, '38 a, '38 b).


Abstract Two common fodder shrubs, Atriplex halimus L. and Medicago arborea L., were established by seeds for hay cropping as an alternative to their costly transplanting in a semi-arid and cold Mediterranean environment of Macedonia, northern Greece. It was found that seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer did not affect the establishment and growth of A. halimus seedlings while clipping significantly reduced the quantity but improved the quality of biomass. In contrast, the biomass of M. arborea was significantly increased by the higher seeding rate at the end of the growing season. It was, however, far less than the biomass produced by A. halimus , indicating perhaps the superiority of the latter species as a hay crop in the particular environment studied.


Abstract : The use of corneal contact lens electrodes for recording Electroretinograms (ERG) is difficult in some patients (children) and impossible in others (hyperbaric patients) due to unusual recording conditions. After reviewing the various published methods already tested, we implemented a technique that employs a lower eyelid electrode. In addition, a 'Ping-Pong ball Ganzfeld' was fabricated to mimic the Ganzfeld dome typically used in clinical laboratories. Three questions were then addressed: (1) the adequacy of the method for acquiring photopic ERGs; (2) the influence of the direction of gaze on ERG parameters; (3) the day-to-day reliability of the method. When ERGs derived from contact lens electrodes were compared with those obtained from lower eyelid electrodes under the same test conditions, it was found that the lower eyelid electrode waveforms were smaller in amplitude but identical in shape to wave forms produced by corneal contact lens electrodes.


In mass-customization, products are designed, manufactured, tested and delivered according to a customers stated requirements. A generic IDEF0 model of a mass-customized production (MCP) system is presented. IDEF0 was found to be a powerful function modeling technique for developing a clear representation of each complex aspect of MCP. An organization's value chain which consists of marketing, product development, manufacture and delivery requires many special emerging technologies to create MCP architectures. This paper identifies several such technologies useful for supporting MCP. These models will help individual companies in engineering and technology management to plan for making a move toward MCP.


Two OBS arrays were deployed in the southern Okinawa Trough.Some of the OBS records revealedmany earthquakes with intensive T waves but ambiguous body waves.A new method using T waves for epicenter locating was developed that was found to be as precise as the body wave method for locatingepicenters when T waves are clearly recorded.


Swim-with-whale tourism has expanded across several countries globally, with humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) being the most commonly targeted species of baleen whale. Behavioural responses from humpback whales to swim-with-whale tours have been reported, however, responses are likely context-dependent. In 2014, swimming with humpback whales began in Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia, an important resting ground and migratory stopover for humpback whales. The behavioural responses of humpback whales to this swim-with-whale industry have not been examined in Queensland, preventing informed management of this industry. The aims of this study were to: (1) examine short-term behavioural responses in whales before, during, and after swim-with-whale tours, and (2) investigate behavioural responses of whales throughout swim-with-whale tours compared to whale watch tours. Data were collected on board a commercial vessel, where before, during and after data were collected during swim-with-whale tours (250 h) and whale watch tours (150 h). Within the swim-with-whale tours, behavioural changes were detected before, during, and after the vessel approached and placed swimmers in the water on a mermaid line, with the majority of significant changes occurring in the during and after phases. The number of direction changes made by the whales was highest when swimmers were in the water and the whales did not resume undisturbed behaviour after the swimmers exited the water. There was a 50% reduction in the proportion of time that whales spent resting during swim-tours compared to during whale watch tours. In both tour types, the time spent engaging in various behaviours was impacted by the distance between the vessel and the whale(s). These results support the conclusion that the behaviour of humpback whales in Hervey Bay was altered in response to swim-with-whale tourism. As humpback whales are capital breeders with limited energy reserves, reducing disturbance to them is of high importance for their continued population recovery and for the sustainability of the marine tourism industry. In Australia, where swim-with-whale tourism is becoming more established, robust education and enforcement programs, combined with continued monitoring of population dynamics through scientific research, are needed to minimise impacts to the population and guide adaptive management strategies.


Stichw. - The secretion of the oviduct is essential for a successful reproduction. It does not only influence the process until fertilisation but also supports the growth and differentiation of the conceptus. There is little information about genes that are expressed in the epithelium of the oviduct during the estrous-cycle. In this study the oviductal gene expression was determined in prepubertal, estrous and interestrous pigs using the adifferential display-method. In additional experiments the expression of IGF-1-, IGFBP-2- and EGFprecursor-mRNA in the oviductal epithelium of these animals was investigated by the means of RT-PCR...


The present invention relates to a method of anchoring and conductive vias are formed, and further relates to a method for forming a conductive via. The conductive via comprises a conductive contact structure (26, 28) and the overhang portion is located in the electrically conductive contact structure over the dielectric layer (64) between the portions (70, 72). In one embodiment, the overhang portion is formed by an undercut conductive contact layer on the structure, and then forming a dielectric layer on the conductive contact layer structure and the undercut, is formed. On the dielectric layer is formed an opening (66, 68), and the material is removed layer by undercutting the opening, to generate overhangs the dielectric layer. Then, a conductive material (74, 76) and under the overhang portion within the opening, the conductive vias.


Most solar radiation measuring devices only determine the total irradiance on a horizontal surface, but for various applications diffuse and direct components are also needed. Because of this, several models have been developed to establish the correlations between the diffuse fraction and various predictors. This paper analyses the measured global irridiance at a Gauteng location as a function of the relative solar position. An equation is presented to estimate both components from the measured daily global solar irradiance only. In this equation, the diffuse component is related to the product of the cosine of the zenith angle and the Linke turbidity factor. The analysis attempts to reproduce the measured irradiance through basic modelling of the spectral opacity of the atmosphere in terms of the Linke Turbidity. This includes estimating direct beam attenuation and the diffuse component, which are then combined with the module spectral response in an attempt to match the measured and modelled energy yield. The performance of the model has been graphically and statistically analyzed by two established methods, namely; Mean Bias Error (MBE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE).


An image forming apparatus has a first image formation mode A for forming an image (502) on an image bearing member by using developer under a first predetermined image forming condition and a second image formation mode B for forming an image (507) on an image bearing member by using developer under a second image forming condition which is different from the first predetermined image forming condition regarding, eg. exposure energy and bias voltages for charging and developing, and is set so that an amount of consumption of developer with respect to an identical image in the second image formation mode is smaller than that in the first image formation mode, the apparatus includes storing means (50,103) for storing information on an amount of usage of the image bearing member i.e. wear, and control means (105) for changing the second image forming condition in the second image formation mode depending on the information stored in the storing means.


Introduction Catholicism in the New German Empire Catholic Mobilization in Wilhelmine Germany Irish Catholicism in 1870 Irish Catholic Mobilization in the Late Nineteenth Century Conclusion Bibliography Index


Report discussing various experiences of workers at Marshall Space Flight Center in developing solar heating and cooling systems is presented. Presents compilation of problems and their resolutions which can assist designers of solar-energy systems and prevent repetition of errors.


Warner Brothers' efforts to launch the Caped Crusader into his own blockbuster movie franchise were infamously fraught and turbulent. It took more than ten years of screenplay development, involving numerous writers, producers and executives, before Batman (1989) was green lit with Tim Burton in the director's chair. Even then, battles continued to rage over the material, and redrafting carried on throughout the shoot. Warren Skaaren was the script doctor brought in by the studio to rescue the project. His role has been a matter of conjecture and controversy. This article explores Skaaren's personal archive stored at the University of Texas at Austin to shed new light on what transpired in the final phases of pre-production and the tussles that went on even as the cameras rolled. It analyses the contribution of Skaaren and others in shaping the screenplay, questions some of the myths that have grown up about the script and argues for the importance of the production to screenplay studies as a particularly well-documented example of a highly complex, even chaotic adaptation, which nevertheless resulted in a commercially and critically successful film.


individual and collective reactions to the epidemic and to medical or political interventions. Let me now turn to some of the challenges and problems I have encountered. First, perhaps, has been my frustration at being unable to carry out the kinds of research I havejust mentioned. As a sociologist, these questions fascinate me; however, as one of only a handful of people studying AIDS among IV drug users, there is neither the time nor the resources to pursue such questions. We are forced by the urgency of the epidemic to concentrate on the epidemiology and medical nature of AIDS. (I hope that some of the readers of this Syrnp6sion are able to carry out some of the research I have indicated.) Second, as I am sure is true for most other contributors to this discussion, I have been challenged by the nature of interdisciplinary research. Part of this is the massive amount of unfamiliar material I have had to learn. However, of equal importance has been the different structuring of the scientific enterprise and its attendant ethical requirements. For example, I have had to adjust to a world in which a paper may only be one or two pages long-a far cry from sociological practice in which 15 pages is a short paper. Furthermore, the fact that requirements for confidentiality and informed consent are enmeshed in a set of legal definitions about practicing medicine has not been easy to internalize in daily research practice-even for a person who has previously conducted research on the Teamsters Union in which the need for confidentiality sometimes was related to subjects' economic and physical safety. I should add that I have encountered considerably less difficulty from the relatively low status of social science in the hierarchy of the sciences than I might have anticipated. Finally, as a researcher doing work on IV drug users and AIDS, I have been relatively free of the political criticism raised by some gays of those doing research about gays and AIDS. This has been a mixed blessing, since the risks of harming drug users in the course of AIDS research are no less than the risks of harming gays. The lack of external criticism has forced me to try to be doubly cautious about my research and its implications.


It is the purpose of this dry-lab experiment to provide a set of quinine spectra, obtained under carefully controlled conditions, for the student to peruse and interpret. [Original feature title: Interpretative Experiments.]


Compressed Sparse Column (CSC) and Coordinate (COO) are popular compression formats for sparse matrices. However, both CSC and COO are general purpose and cannot take advantage of any of the properties of the data other than sparsity, such as data redundancy. Highly redundant sparse data is common in many machine learning applications, such as genomics, and is often too large for in-core computation using conventional sparse storage formats. In this paper, we present two extensions to CSC: (1) Value-Compressed Sparse Column (VCSC) and (2) Index- and Value-Compressed Sparse Column (IVCSC). VCSC takes advantage of high redundancy within a column to further compress data up to 3-fold over COO and 2.25-fold over CSC, without significant negative impact to performance characteristics. IVCSC extends VCSC by compressing index arrays through delta encoding and byte-packing, achieving a 10-fold decrease in memory usage over COO and 7.5-fold decrease over CSC. Our benchmarks on simulated and real data show that VCSC and IVCSC can be read in compressed form with little added computational cost. These two novel compression formats offer a broadly useful solution to encoding and reading redundant sparse data.


Multiple objects in the plane are called pseudodisks if the boundaries of any two of them intersect transversely at most twice. Given a set of $n$ (possibly intersecting) convex pseudodisks of $O(1)$ complexity each and two points $s$ and $t$ in the plane, we present an efficient algorithm for computing a shortest $s$-to-$t$ path avoiding the pseudodisks. After the union of the pseudodisks is computed, which can be done in $O(n\log n)$ randomized time or $O(n\log^2 n)$ deterministic time, our algorithm runs in $O(n\log n+k)$ deterministic time, where $k$ is the size of the extended visibility graph of the union of the pseudodisks. Note that $k = O(n^2)$ in the worst case. In over two decades, the previously best algorithms for this problem have not improved on the bound of $O(n^2\log n)$ time, even when all the pseudodisks are pairwise disjoint disks. Our technique is also applicable to a motion planning problem of finding a shortest path to translate a convex object in the plane from one location to anot...


The invention discloses a processing method of rice vermicelli. The processing method comprises the following steps of: (1) carrying out soaking pretreatment on rice, grinding the rice into rice milk, and dewatering to obtain the rice flour; (2) pouring the rice flour into a stirring and steaming machine, adding additive, and uniformly mixing to obtain the powder; (3) feeding steam, carrying out primary steaming, pressing the primarily steamed powder into pieces, and cutting the pieces; and (4) baking the pieces until the moisture content is less than 12%, cooling and packaging. The rice vermicelli prepared by the processing method is low in breaking rate, high in paste-soup light transmittance and simple in process and is suitable for industrial production.


Optimum haul times of running for a train schedule and mode diagrams corresponding thereto calculated using the program system passed operational check with the purpose to obtain reliable statistical estimation of their impact on reduction of the fuel consumption on haulage of trains and level of longitudinal dynamic efforts. The optimal speed of the train is chosen (defined) taking into account the given travel time and the longitudinal track profile, when the Diesel locomotive fuel consumption are minimum. Results of experimental research with long trains, weight up to 8000 tons, are presented herein. Experimental operational trips confirmed the correctness of theoretical preconditions and techniques of selection of optimum modes of driving of long trains, demonstrated potential for decrease of level of longitudinal dynamic efforts by 1.5–2 times and achievement of fuel economy on haulage up to 5–8 % when such trains move on a site with the undulating way profile.


Technology is growing more and more as the years pass. Most controversial issues in technology are those that have to do with wireless technology, because all the features and diversity of applications that this tech give to us. This article deals with Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). In this paper, we will develop important issues related to this technology, issues that should be common knowledge for students of information technology. Also the paper describes a Case Study about the Implementation of WiMAX to connect ITLA with ITLASantiago. Keywords— WiMAX, Network, Station, LOS, NLOS and WBA. Digital Object Identifier (DOI): http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/LACCEI2015.1.1.124 ISBN: 13 978-0-9822896-8-6 ISSN: 2414-6668


Grazing lands in the southeastern United States of America are managed primarily for introduced plant species that have high forage production potential or that fit in a niche within a farming system. Forages are typically managed with fertilization and grazing pressure on a seasonal basis, depending upon growth habit. Nitrogen (N) application is one of the key determinants of pasture productivity, although its effect on soil carbon (C) sequestration may be minimal, especially considering the associated carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalence costs of fertilization. Fertilization with animal manures is effective and may provide additional soil C storage potential, although C may simply be transferred from one ecosystem to another. Moderate grazing of pastures may be the most effective strategy at storing soil organic carbon (SOC) in pastures. Return of dung to the soil surface has positive effects on soil surface properties, including soil microbial biomass and mineralizable C and N. Grazing land managed with a moderate grazing pressure, i.e. utilizing forage to an optimum level without compromising regrowth potential, can provide economic opportunities with low risk for landowners, improve degraded land by building soil fertility, improve water utilization and quality within the landscape, and help mitigate the greenhouse effect by storing C in soil as organic matter. GRAZING LANDS IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Grazing lands are extensively distributed throughout the United States (Follett, Kimble and Lal, 2001). The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Census of Agriculture for 2007 (http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/) Alan J. Franzluebbers


Stochastic state-space models can be used to describe the time-varying nature of wireless channels. This paper validates a long-term fading channel model that predicts signal strength from measured received signal strength measurements. Such channel models can be used for optimizing wireless networks deployed for industrial automation, public Internet access, and other applications. This paper uses two different sets of received signal measurement data to estimate and predict the signal strength based on past measurements. The real-world performance of the estimation and prediction algorithm is demonstrated.


Geomorphic parameter method refers to a model parameters calibration in a material area, after the parameters up to good effect, the model parameters and watershed geomorphic parameters will establish the relationship, and then using the geomorphic parameters of the ungauged area calculate model parameters of the ungauged area, then substitute model for forecasting. Disaggregation method is the use of a model parameters calibration in the downstream station of the observed data set to establish upstream watershed forecasting scheme. In order to explore the ungauged basin flood forecasting problem, This article introduces the application of the above two methods based on the HBV model as an example. The HBV model parameters is calibrated by Wujiang River Basin observed flood data set. Then it is used to calculate the parameters of Tiantoushui river by the above two methods respectively. It show good results. that use the Tiantoushui river observed flood data set to verify.


Systemically administered ozone with its mild oxidative eustress, able to upregulate antioxidative enzymes and to modulate the immune response e.g.
"cytokine storm" is recommended as part of a complementary treatment concept in chronic inflammatory, long lasting processes with high oxidative stress and in diseases which are accompanied by an redox imbalance, rather than in the acute stages. To restore the glutathione equilibrium GSH/ GSSG the low-dose ozone concept offers a strategy in redox medicine as shown here in primary and secondary prevention and convalescence.
To illustrate the main pharmacological effects and to follow the treatment success we focus to the following refence substances: GSH (reduced glutathione), GGT (gamma glutamyl transferase) or SOD (superoxide dismutase) as protection markers and one or two parameters of stress markers: MDA (malondialdehyde).
Especially liver and kidneys are prevented from oxidative stress, regularly GSH increases, MDA decreases. In post acute inflammations (convalescence) we find the same biochemical mechanisms, summarized in virus diseases and diabetic angiopathy.


Objective To explore the feasibility of the early screening,prevention and control of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) in community.Methods 1000 persons were selected from Xinchang community health service center by physical examination.Four early serological indexes of RA,including CCP antibody,RF,CRP and ESR were measured.For the 120 abnormal serological cases,medical experts were invited to confirm if these cases were RA.At the same time for the people of the rheumatoid arthritis,risk factors of questionnaire was issued and recycled.Results In this study,23 cases of the 120 serum abnormal persons were diagnosed as RA,whose CCP antibodies were all positive.The 23 patients were composed of 19 women and 4 men.Conclusion From the early census,the rapid diagnosis,long-term follow-up and risk analysis were confirmed feasible for the early screening,disease prevention and control of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) in community.


Oral lichen planus is an inflammatory disease of the skin and oral mucosa, the etiology of which has not been fully elucidated, has a certain potential for malignancy and is often torpid to ongoing therapy. To evaluate the effectiveness and control of the therapy, we used a photo protocol using the author's computer program "OralPath – monitoring of pathological foci" (hereinafter referred to as the program). The aim of the study was to measure the area and fix localizations of erosions on the oral mucosa in patients with oral lichen planus using the author's computer program. Materials and methods. The areas of single and multiple erosions were recorded and measured in 89 patients with erosive form of oral lichen planus (47 men, 42 women), whose average age was 48,8±8,9 years. An analysis of groups for the normality of data distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion, Shapiro-Vilka) was carried out. The groups were described using mean and standard deviation, and a 95% confidence interval was used to estimate the accuracy of the mean. Results of the study. The vast majority of erosions in oral lichen planus were of a single nature, and occurred in 80,9% of cases (n = 72). The area of erosions on the cheek mucosa was the largest in comparison with other localizations. With single lesions it was 1,92±0,7 cm2, with multiple lesions it was 2,6±0,63 cm2. The area of tongue erosions was 0,71±0,26 cm2 for single lesions and 1.08±0.19 cm2 for multiple lesions, respectively. Findings. The use of the computer program "OralPath – monitoring of pathological foci" in the practice of a dentist makes it possible to record observations of patients' conditions, evaluate the dynamics of changes in pathological foci, and, if necessary, correct the treatment process, as well as motivate patients.


ABSTRACT Locke's remarks about attention have not received a great deal of attention from commentators. In Section 1, I make the case that attention plays an important role in his philosophy. In Section 2, I describe and discuss five Lockean claims about attention. In Section 3, I explore Locke's views about attention in relation to his account of sense perception. He thinks that we attend to objects by attending to ideas, and I argue that he treats sensory ideas as transparent in a particular sense. In Section 4, I raise the worry that some of Locke's remarks about attention seem at odds with his doctrine of the transparency of the mind. I offer two ways of resolving the problem, and suggest that they are parts of a single story.


1. Viability of the selected yeast strains to the test conditions, 20% ethanol at 28°C and 12.5% ethanol at 37°C, differed. The loss in viability to 100% cell death occurred within 3 hr for lager strain BRY 118 and within 4 hr for weissen strain BRY 235. 2. Complete cell death was not accomplished within the 6-hr time frame for ale strain BRY 96, as determined by slide culture. Incubation in 12.5% ethanol at 37°C was more effective in reducing viability than was incubation in 20% ethanol at 28°C.


Well-defined "clickable" homo- and co-polymers were synthesised using a living polymerisation technique. Specifically propargyl methacrylate was successfully homo- and co-polymerised using group transfer polymerisation, GTP. This one-pot synthesis was performed without the need to protect the acetylenic group. Finally it was confirmed that the acetylenic functional group was unaffected by the polymerisation by clicking with azide 4-azidobenzoic acid.


Ultrasonic scanning following a course of mud therapy found out a stimulatory effect of the treatment on gallbladder motility. The bile composition reflected an anti-inflammatory action of mud applications which also enhanced bile lithogenesis.


Since from last decade, the e-logistic industry of China facing different issues due to high volume worldwide.To address this issue, this study introducing a framework to mitigate various issues of e-logistic in China. Therefore, the prime objective of the current study is to examine the factors influencing e-logistics in China.To achieve this objective, the current study examines the effect of distribution rate, transit time, payment and information and communication technology (ICT) on e-logistic.It is found that
distribution rate and transit time has a significant positive relationship with e-logistic.
Moreover, it is found that ICT playing a mediating role between payment and e-logistic. Hence, this study contributes to the body of knowledge by introducing a research framework to enhance the performance of e-logistic, particularly in China. Furthermore, this research study introduced information and communication technology (ICT) by
updating the concept of IT (information technology).Thus, the current study is beneficial
for the e-logistic industry to enhance the performance by employing the current model.


Abstract : An improved computerized technique has been used to analyze nonstationary cavitation noise from an oscillating hydrofoil. Combined analog and digital signal processing procedures were developed that use ensemble averaging techniques to quantify the average sound pressure variance as a function of the foil's angle of attack. The averages provide a quantitative basis for comparing cavitation noise produced by this hydrofoil under a finite spectrum of specific test conditions. (Author)


Presents a study by susceptibility measurements of the Neel temperature concentration dependence in both antiferromagnetic series: Fe1-xCdxCl2 and Fe1-xMnxCl2. At low cadmium or manganese concentrations, the order temperature decreases linearly with x, TN(x)= TN(0)(1- alpha x) where alpha =1.79 for the manganese series and alpha =2.18 for the cadmium series. In Fe1-xCdxCl2, the order temperature falls to zero near x=0.45. This concentration is close to the two-dimensional triangular lattice percolation threshold. In Fe1-xMnxCl2, the Fe-Mn and Mn-Mn exchange interactions maintain the long-range order over the whole concentration range, the concentration dependence of TN incurves and slowly decreases to the Neel temperature of pure MnCl2 (TN approximately 2K). The authors discuss these behaviours by comparison with some recent theoretical studies.


The increasing popularity of laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis LASIK procedure has generated considerable excitement for both physicians and patients alike. The exponential growth in its popularity has been staggering. As we enter the new millenium, the volume of LASIK procedures performed annually is already rivaling that of cataract surgery, currently the surgery most frequently performed in the United States. As with any new technology, the surgeon embracing it must become familiar with a new set of potential complications and their management to minimize poor outcomes. In particular, both ophthalmologists and other eye care providers must be aware of an uncommon postoperative condition known as diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) which has the potential to derail an otherwise ideal outcome.


Charge carrier density, mobility and diffusivity are three important transport properties in determining the ionic conductivity as well as the performance of solid polymer electrolyte. In this work, biopolymer electrolytes samples were prepared using the solution casting method by complexing gellan gum with different concentrations of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (3–15 wt.%). The values of charge carrier concentration, mobility, and diffusivity for electrolyte samples were estimated by fitting the Nyquist plot with an equation developed based on electrical impedance spectroscopy. At room temperature, the optimum electrolyte conductivity is 1.29×10−8 Scm−1 at 6 wt.% salt concentration. This result was supported by the highest percentage of free ions, 31.45%, observed in the FTIR method. As the temperature increases, the ionic conductivity increases to the optimum value before dropping. The highest conductivity of each sample was obtained at different temperatures (80°C–90°C) using the impedance method, whereas the percentage area of free ions was highest at 80°C for all samples with FTIR analysis. Overall, the ionic conductivity of this system has been dominated by the carrier charge density. Results suggest that, under these experimental conditions, electrical impedance spectroscopy is suitable for evaluating the charge transport properties at low temperatures.


The subject of this study concerns the traffic, mobility and settlement in Roman times along the last stretch of the Po, between vicus Hostilia (Ostiglia, Mantova) and the southern branch of the Po (Po di Volano-Pado Vetere), and the river Secchia (Secula / Secies). The connection between Pado Vetere and Ravenna was secured by a channel, the fossa Augusta.
In this study was adopted an interdisciplinary approach. Historical, legal, archaeological, epigraphic and topographic sources and geomorphological data were integrated with archaeometrical and palaeobotanic analysis and information from the faunal remains. The integration of data and the cross-dating character of the research represent an element of novelty for this branch of studies.
The study has taken into account not only the goods object of trade, the production areas, the circulation of goods and the trade routes, but also the relations between land ownership and trade and between free trade and state monopoly, as well as the social and economic status of possessores and negotiatores, in order to delineate some guidelines and particularities of land management.


— IBM requires a solution to enable the re-use of SystemVerilog testbenches which accompany imported Verilog design IP in their larger custom verification environment. These SystemVerilog testbenches need to be integrated with IBM's custom C++ testbenches and run in IBM's cycle simulator on the entire DUT. This paper will present a high level view of our co-simulation solution which simulates the SystemVerilog testbenches by a commercially available event simulator and simulates the C++ testbenches and DUT in IBM's cycle simulator. This paper will address challenges resolved in creating this solution including synchronizing the event driven test bench with the cycle simulator, synchronizing test bench phases, connecting SystemVerilog test bench signals to the design, communicating error messages between the simulators, handling tool errors gracefully, and coordinating end of test status and simulator exit. Additionally, this paper will summarize the architecture of the solution enabled by the versatility of the UVM, DPI, VPI and IBM methodologies, present future challenges, show performance measurements of the initial solution, and suggest how these techniques could be used in different SystemVerilog test bench reuse scenarios.


A revision of the nomenclature of this group of species is presented as part of a wider taxonomic revision. Sixteen neotypifications, three lectotypifications, six epitypifications and one new combination [Anthurium ianthinopodum (Schott ex Engl.) Nadruz & Mayo, comb. et stat. nov.] are proposed, based largely on the coloured and black and white drawings collection of H.W. Schott at the Vienna Natural History Museum (Schott Icones Aroideae et Reliquiae) and herbarium material which matches the original descriptions in critical characters.


The vitamin composition, amino acid profile and heavy metal levels of Lasianthoreafricana (LA), Heinsia crinata (HC), Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and Telfairiaoccidentalis (TO) were investigated using standard methods. Niacin was highest in Lasianthore Africana (3.61 mg/100 g) followed by Heinsia crinata (3.30 mg/100 g) and lowest in Vernonia amygdalina (1.24 mg/100 g) and Telfairiaoccidentalis (1.04 mg/100 g). Vitamin C content was highest (208 mg/100 g) in Telfairiaoccidentalis (TO) and lowest (29.3 mg/100 g) in Heinsia crinata (HC). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in vitamin A content of all vegetables. Vernonia amygdalina had the highest (2.99 mg/100 g) vitamin B 2 level while Telfairiaoccidentalis (TO) had the lowest value of 1.73 mg/100 g. Telfairiaoccidentalis had the highest value of vitamin E (42.3 mg/100 g) followed by Vernoniaamygdalina (32.6 mg/100 g) and lowest in Heinsia crinata (HC) (1.45 mg/100 g) while vitamin K was highest (2.26 mg/100 g) in Telfairiaoccidentalis (TO) and lowest (1.23 mg/100 g) in Lasianthore Africana (LA). Analysis conducted showed that the vegetables were comparatively rich in total essential amino acids. Telfairiaoccidentalis (TO) had the highest total amino acids (905 mg/100 g protein); Vernoniaamygdalina (VA) had the highest total essential amino acids (52.2 %), Lasianthore Africana (LA) followed with 51.4 %. Lasianthore africana had the highest total sulphur containing amino acids (6.3 %) while Vernoniaamygdalina (VA) had the highest amount of total aromatic amino acids (15.3 %). Zn, Fe and Cu were moderately in low concentrations but Cd and Pb were absent. Keywords: Nutritive value, Heavy metal concentrations, wild and domesticated, vegetables.


Aspartyl 189 residue of trypsin is known to be essential for specific lysis of Arg-X and Lys-X bonds. Undertaking to modulate the catalytic properties of this protease, otherwise highly conserved K188 was replaced with aromatic amino acid residues aiming the perturbation of the electrostatics and the amplifying of hydrophobic interactions of the substrate binding site. The catalytic properties of the mutants K188F, K188Y, and K188W were measured at pH 7, 8, 9, and 10 using a pair of synthetic tetrapeptide p-nitroanilide substrates and beta-casein. The kinetic analysis reveals that all the mutants conserve the native trypsin capacity to split peptide bonds containing arginyl and lysyl residues. Surprisingly, however, depending on mutation, the optimum pH of activity changes. As demonstrated only by proteolysis of a natural substrate, all mutants cleave also peptide bonds involving asparagine and glutamine. These stuttered cleavage sites are close to the beta-casein fragments in beta-sheet according to Hydrophobic Cluster Analysis.


The traditional quantitative study using tracer kinetic modeling requires repeated blood sampling to measure the tracer concentration in plasma. It is invasive, time-consuming and costly. We propose a new approach to estimate physiological parameters for dynamic Positron Emission Tomography (PET) without taking blood samples. With the new approach, the quantification problem is first converted to a discrete blind system identification problem. A multi-channel blind identification technique is applied to estimate the required system parameters. A Monte Carlo simulation is carried out for the proposed approach on estimating the regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRGlc) with the fluoro-deoxy-2-glucose (FDG) model. The results show that the proposed approach can estimate the required physiological parameters in a comparable manner to that of traditional invasive approaches.


Responses to low dosages of lactulose (3 or 5 g/day), focusing on intestinal function and faecal character, were assessed by self-observation in 296 subjects. An increase in defaecation frequency, softening of faeces, a change in faecal colour towards yellow, reduced faecal hardness and slight increases of abdominal gaseous symptoms were observed as a result of lactulose intake in normal adults and in adults who had a defaecation frequency of less than 1.0 per day. In addition, responses to lactulose intake (4 g/day) in terms of faecal flora and profile were analysed in 8 healthy adults. The log 1 0 number of bifidobacteria increased (to 10.3) and the ratio to total bacteria increased (to 50.5%), whereas the corresponding values for Bacteriodaceae and clostridia decreased. Faecal pH and indole concentration decreased. The following trends were also observed: high levels of faecal water and acetic and lactic acids; and low levels of iso-butyric and isovaleric acids, p-cresol, skatole, urease, tryptophanase and others. It is suggested that a low daily intake of lactulose could improve the intestinal environment and ameliorate constipation.


With recent advances in seq-2-seq deep learning techniques, there has been notable progress in abstractive text summarization. However, the difficulty in obtaining large corpus of document-summary pairs remains a barrier to the application of supervised learning techniques in new domains. A new task of generating restaurant summaries from online articles is proposed under a low resource regime. Concretely, no human-generated summaries are used in training. A novel extractivegenerative model to train a text summarizer using synthetic seq-2-seq pairs is proposed. We leverage on successes in transfer learning to supervise the extraction stage, which then guides the text generation. Results so far demonstrate promise at the sentence level, proving that it is possible to generate sensible output for a new task under resource constraints. Analysis of common errors point to the need for further architectural modifications and tests to reach commercial-grade results.


Gives the primary types of air strike weapon and some important factors which made use of to identify air strike weapon and its subordinate function values,pointing at the problems in the anti aircraft battle.Based on this, a new method of type recognition fuzzy neural networks is presented and the model is constructed.The result of calculation shows the utility and value of the model.


Fresh normal peripheral blood B lymphocytes possess a strong stimulating capacity while fresh thymus cells or fresh peripheral T lymphocytes possess a weak, but significant stimulating capacity on allogeneic lymphocytes in `one-way' mixed lymphocyte reaction. Fresh leukaemic T lymphoid cells from patients with T-cell ALL or T-cell CLL exert little or no stimulation on allogeneic lymphocytes. Fresh leukaemic B lymphoid cells from patients with B-cell CLL or B-cell HCL, on the other hand, exert a lesser stimulation on allogeneic lymphocytes, as compared to that of normal B lymphocytes. Leukaemic myeloblasts from patients with AML or Ph1(+) CML-BP exert significantly higher stimulation than leukaemic lymphoid cells in `one-way' mixed lymphocyte reaction (P<0.05). Cultured leukaemic T lymphoid cells (MOLT-4) possess no stimulating capacity, cultured leukaemic B lymphoid cells (BALM-2) possess a moderate degree of stimulating capacity and cultured leukaemic, possibly myeloid, cells (NALM-1 and K562) possess vigorous stimulation on allogeneic lymphocytes. The stimulating capacity of NALM-1 or K562 cells is significantly higher than that of BALM-2 cells (P<0.01 or P<0.05, respectively) and that of MOLT-4 cells (P<0.001). These observations suggest that the stimulating capacity of leukaemic T or B lymphoid cells may have been completely or partially lost during the process of leukaemogenesis. Since we do not have an opportunity to study the stimulating capacity of normal myeloblasts, it is not known whether the stimulating capacity of leukaemic myeloblasts, which is found to be very strong on allogeneic lymphocytes, may have been modified during the process of leukaemogenesis.