The tensile behaviour of a rigid-plastic single crystal obeying Schmid's law with isotropic hardening is investigated for an off-axis tensile test in one of its symmetry planes (plane single crystal). Identification of the active slip systems allows the determination of the plastic spin and the resulting evolution of the crystallographic directions. This results in the description of the tensile behaviour-stress and strain response, onset of instability - depending upon the initial orientation of the crystal and the hardening law.


This paper examines the background for and the results of Women's Federations taking on government function to promote gender equality.It recognizes that Women's Federations have an important role to play,namely,participating in law-making activities and promoting gender equality in legislation,promoting the incorporation of gender equality in the design and implementation of all relevant state plans and policies,encouraging the publicity and the implementation of the state principle of equality between men and women.This role is also reflected in the ability of Women's Federations to engage in international cooperation so as to promote the development of Chinese women and gender equality and its international influences.


Objective To explore the expressions of thymidine kinase 1( TK1) and nuclear-associated antigen 67( Ki-67) in bladder urothelial carcinoma tissues and their correlation. Methods Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expressions of TK1 and Ki-67 in 47 cases of bladder urothelial carcinoma tissues and 10 cases of normal bladder mucosa tissues. Results The positive expression rates of TK1 and Ki-67 in bladder urothelial carcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in normal bladder mucosa tissues( P 0. 05). The positive expression of TK1 in bladder urothelial carcinoma tissues was correlated with clinical stage( P 0. 05),and wasn't correlated with pathological grade( P 0. 05). The positive expression of Ki-67 in bladder urothelial carcinoma tissues was correlated with clinical stage and pathological grade( P 0. 05). The expression of TK1 was positively correlated with the expression of Ki-67 in bladder urothelial carcinoma tissues( P = 0. 001). Conclusion TK1 and Ki-67 might be closely correlated with the genesis and development of bladder urothelial carcinoma.


NOTWITHSTANDING the discovery of the glanders bacillus the diagnosis of chronic glanders has always been difficult. Later, mallein came into use, but, since the results obtained therewith did not realize all expectations, new serological methods were introduced. Of late two methods were especially used with success, the complement deviation and the agglutination. In the course of this paper these two methods will be described. Another method, the precipitine test, which I also tried, gave unsatisfactory results. The subcutaneous injection of mallein did not prove to be a complete success. Several observations were made at the Laboratory, where, with mallein, a reaction was noted in horses which were not suffering from glanders. I know of some instances where the mallein reaction, both temperature and local, was quite typical, and when the animal was subsequently killed no lesions of glanders were found. On the other hand I saw cases where an animal passed the mallein test with negative results, and yet was affected with glanders. I do not think it necessary to enter into the results of such incidents, but they were the reason for undertaking the experiments given in this paper.


With the large technological advancements being made per annum, the requirement for better and faster data rates increases and improved security measures is being given high importance within the research community. Therefore, open space communication has become a hot topic within the recent years of which Visible Light Communication (VLC), is one among the highly researched areas. The rationale for its high popularity is thanks to its ability to supply high data rates, high bandwidth and a really secure medium of transmission because it cannot penetrate walls. This paper investigates the impact of Visible Light Communication on video transmissions. A true experimental test-bed is setup to check the performance of video transmission over VLC under various conditions like distance from the source, interfering lighting etc..,


Summarising the European situation of the use of genetically modified (GM) plant varieties one may state:

1. Europe moves slowly due to over-regulation and lack of public acceptance of the technology.

2. Europe is top in high ranking science of genetic engineering.

3. In transfer and exploitation it is uneasy and anxious.

4. The globalisation of economy will change perceptions in the long term and will so, finally, lead to acceptance of the use of scientific progress in practice.


Becoming a successful NBA rookie is a desire of many. Athletes want to be them and coaches and GM's want to know how to predict them. What non-statistical factors are present in successful NBA rookies? This research used secondary data to show non-statistical factors that were present in successful rookies and what kind of similarities they had. They included, conference, institution, coaching, and draft position, etc... It is important to know what a successful rookie is and if there is a correlation between draft position and rookie success. The point of this research is to show the journeys that the successful rookies took before becoming successful rookies to help better understand what it takes to become a successful rookie. FACTORS PRESENT IN SUCCESSFUL NBA ROOKIES 3 Non-Statistical Performance Factors That Are Present in Successful NBA Rookies It is a dream for many kids, from a toddler to a college athlete, to make it into the NBA. Making it to the NBA is not easy, in fact only .03% of high school basketball players will be drafted into the NBA someday (Hoopsvibe, 2014). An NBA rookie's journey starts from the minute he picks up a basketball at a young age. Many hours, influences and decisions will go unnoticed from the moment a player picks up a basketball for the first time, to the time he becomes an NBA rookie. The real journey starts AAU and high school basketball and ends in the NBA their first season. The influences, and decisions that happen between then is what allows a player to become a successful rookie and how they fare in the NBA. All NBA rookies are different and have come from different backgrounds. Whether they came from college, or internationally is a factor in if a player is a successful rookie or not. One player could have been a highly recruited high school player, while another rookie may have had one scholarship offer out of high school. Continued, some rookies go to prestigious college basketball programs, while others come from low mid major colleges or did not go to college. Some are highly recruited as high school players where others may only have a single scholarship offer. Some of those FACTORS PRESENT IN SUCCESSFUL NBA ROOKIES 4 players are recruited into prestigious college programs while others may find themselves at a low, mid-major school. By the time the draft rolls around, American collegiate players are competing against those who are coming from an international market. Despite these many differences, a variety of backgrounds have allowed players to find success as NBA rookies. However, it is unknown... It is a story that many players, coaches, and general managers want to find out in order to draft successful players on a regular basis. Many times, you will find players not living up to expectations when they were drafted. Other times you will find players outperform expectations and people are puzzled as to why. The point of this research is to answer why someone is successful in their first NBA season and what journey they took to get their so people can better understand what it takes to be a successful NBA rookie.


The paper describes clearly the characteristics of the profile reinforced concrete structure by comparing the strucure of profile reinforced concrete with that of the steel reinforced concrete in bearing capacity,rigidity and anti-seismic performance,material consumption,durability and flame resistance,thus helping you to use it better in actual operation.


This paper presents a novel gain boosted and bandwidth enhanced CMOS Op-Amp based on the well-known folded cascode structure. In contrast with the conventional methods which increase output resistance for gain boosting, the transconductance of the circuit is increased, therefore the -3 dB frequency is the same as for folded cascode structure. With negligible extra power consumption, the unity gain bandwidth is increased considerably. In this method, a new node is created in the circuit which introduces a pole to the transfer function with a frequency lower than cascode pole; feed-forward compensation is employed to reduce the effect of this pole on the frequency response. The input common mode range is limited slightly by 0.2-0.3 V with respect to folded cascode which is insensible. HSPICE simulations using level 49 parameters (BSIM3v3) in a typical 0.35μm CMOS technology result in three times gain boosting and 60% enhancement in unity gain bandwidth compared to folded cascode, while the power consumption is increased by 10%.


Motivation: Sharing and comparing information are crucial to productive and reliable bioinformatics research, yet automated experiments based on shared information typically are not rigorously described. For bioinformatics methods to be open and reproducible, infrastructures are needed to address this problem. Results: We have harnessed a new peer to peer infrastructure, OpenKnowledge, in which the interactions among peers are specified in a declarative language, the Lightweight Coordination Calculus (LCC). This allows experimental protocols to be shared rather like data would be shared in a conventional Web service based system. By implementing two non-trivial bioinformatics applications involving consistency checking, we demonstrate the usefulness of the OpenKnowledge infrastructure in practice. Conclusions: The capabilities of OpenKnowledge were demonstrated by deriving novel results for non-trivial bioinformatics problems by using peer to peer interactions for bioinformatics experimentation (especially in managing data and experiment protocols). Contact: email@example.com Supplementary Materials: The interaction models used in the two experiments, specified in LCC, are available at http://www.openk.org/eccb_suppmat.html.


The evolutionary process of the anisotropic magnetoresistance from the positive to the negative by changing the field direction was observed in magnetic thin films of Ni-Co, Ni-Fe and Co. Various peculiar magnetoresistance-field curves occur, that can be understood by a model based on the superposition of the positive and negative magnetoresistance with different amplitudes and phases.


PDCA cycle is can make all sorts of activities of the effective a logical working procedures,PDCA cycle method used in the teaching quality management in higher vocational colleges is education in higher vocational colleges in the reform of the innovation,scientific and efficient way to build the higher vocational colleges and universities teaching of continuous quality improvement system.


The watersupply plant under the dynamic work department of a petrochemical complex plant will supply 100,000 m3 water a day. This paper introduces mainly the methods to calculate the total amount of the sludge, the determination of the technological flow and its material designed parameters, the economic benefit which will bring and the environmental protection in the sludge treatment engineering design of the plant.


Various ab initio methods have been applied to the studies of the molecular structure and energetics for the low-lying electronic states of the phenoxy radical and of the mechanism of its thermal decomposition. The calculations confirm the decomposition mechanism I (Scheme 1) suggested earlier from experimental consideration. It involves the formation of the bicyclic intermediate E2 followed by α-CC bond cleavage to produce E3 and the elimination of the CO group from the latter leading to the main reaction products, C5H5 + CO. The rate-determining step is E2 → E3 with transition state T2. The activation energy, 52 kcal/mol, at our best G2M(rcc,MP2) level, is 8 kcal/mol higher than the value derived from experiment. A multistep RRKM calculation has been performed for the decomposition reaction. The theoretical rate constants agree well with the experimental results at lower temperatures (T < 1200 K) but deviate from experiment above 1300 K. Plausible reasons for the deviation have been discussed. On the ba...


11640; r = – 0.712; n = 56; P < 0.001; n = 56) suggests the direct relationship between the mid-ocean ridge environment and macrobenthic abundance. The recent discovery of hydrothermal activity in the Indian Ocean strongly suggests the possibility of many more such activities in the region and hence the mid -ocean ridge systems in the Indian Ocean make them a very attractive environment for benthic biological studies.


The demand for green and clean technology motivates the research community to find a novel electrocatalyst for overall water-splitting. In this study, we developed a hybrid non-noble metal catalyst nanocomposite of Ti3C2–CoS2 (TC-CS) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The nanocomposite shows crushed nanosheets of Ti3C2 sprinkle on the CoS2 (CS) surface thus increasing the electrochemically active surface area of the catalyst. The nanocomposite exhibits a low overpotential of 276 mV for HER and 376 mV for OER with a Tafel slope of 159 and 22 mV/dec. This new kind of MXene composite will create a revolution in future energy technology.


[Objective] The study aimed to research the effect of continuous fertilization on biochemistry intensity of lou soil.[Method] In rotation areas of wheat and corn,long-term location test of organic fertilizer improving soil was taken and 7 different fertilization treatments such as without fertilizer,chemical fertilizer,low rate straw+ chemical fertilizer(fallow),low rate straw+ chemical fertilizer,medium rate straw+ chemical fertilizer,high rate straw + chemical fertilizer and animal manure + chemical fertilizer were set up to study the of different fertilization treatments on improving soil fertility.[Result] Under the condition of long-term fertilization,the intensity of respiration,ammonification,nitrification and cellulose decomposition of soil were all increased obviously,among which,the intensity of ammonification was increased by 41.67%404.17%,that of nitrification by 56.78%-388.39% and that of cellulose decomposition by 25.52%-98.64%.Compared with singal application of chemical fertilizer,the improving effect of soil fertility with straw + chemical fertilizer and animal manure + chemical fertilizer were better.[Conclusion] The soil nutrient content and supply intensity could be enhanced and the soil fertility could be increased by continuous fertilization.


The use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) has grown over the last decade owing to an increase in the global energy demand. This work presents a pioneering approach for rigorous simulation of an actual cold section of an LNG plant and provides a potential process optimization to achieve a higher production rate (PR) while reducing the specific power consumption (SPC). The concept of upfront nitrogen removal (UNrem) from the natural gas (NG) feed was introduced, and the impact on the PR and SPC was presented. We considered seven scenarios with varying percentages of UNrem and compared them with the conventional plant design (base case) while maintaining the product specifications (LNG high heating value [HHV] of 1105 Btu/Scf and NGL reid vapor pressure [RVP] of 2042 psia). The results show that UNrem of 87.5% from the NG feed can reduce the total power requirements by 0.24%, increase the production flow rate by 4.4%, and decrease the exergy losses by 0.23% compared with the base case. The UNrem can also have a significant improvement on the plant capacity without the need for structural modifications in the cold section. Future research should focus on the efficiency and feasibility of different UNrem processes as well as examine the use of a large‐scale system.


Efficient admission control and resource management schemes are required in the emerging wireless network architectures in order to maximize the utilization efficiency of the limited radio resources, while meeting the Quality of Service requirements of mobile users. In wireless networks the admission control process refers to the problem of determining whether or not to accept a user in the system, as well as of assigning to each mobile user and base station, the appropriate transmission powers, physical channels and required bandwidth. In this article the various processes associated with the admission control for both circuit switched and packet switched wireless networks are discussed, and specific mechanisms and algorithms that can be used to implement these processes are introduced. In addition, in order to balance the tradeoffs of the new call blocking and handoff call blocking according to the users' and system's requirements, various handoff priority-based mechanisms and their relation to admission control are discussed. Finally the role and operation of the admission control in the current and future wireless networking technologies is presented.

Keywords:

admission control;
cellular networks;
wireless networks;
power control;
channel assignment;
resource allocation;
handoff mechanisms


In order to improve the technical specifications of space reflectors, antennas and other payloads on Earth observation, space communication, deep space exploration and other fields of space applications, people urgently need to enhance the surface shape control accuracy of these large complex curvature flexible structures. Based on the photovoltaic effect and converse piezoelectric effect, this paper presents a non-contact shape-adjusting method which adopts a new space energy conversion: using the PLZT photovoltage, which is controlled by the ultraviolet, to activate the PVDF attached on the flexible structure surface, and adjust and control the structure's shape. This paper firstly built up the electric model of the PLZT/PVDF hybrid drive, derived the constitutive relation of light-electric-mechanical energy field conversion, and determined the key parameters inmathematical model by principle experiments. Then, taking aflexiblecantilever beam as thecontrol object, actuation equation of the PVDF bonded structure was built, and actuation properties and influence factors of the cantilever beam actuated by the PLZT/PVDF hybrid drive were simulated and analyzed. After that, the hybrid drive experiment system was built up, and deflecting effect of using ultraviolet illuminated PLZT to actuate PVDF bonded cantilever beam was tested, whose result verified the validity of theoretical modeling and simulation analysis. Lastly, characteristics of the hybrid drive method and conventional PVDF driving were compared, and space application direction of this method was pointed out.


Let $G$ be a simple graph of order $n$. We consider the independence polynomial and the domination polynomial of a graph $G$. The value of a graph polynomial at a specific point can give sometimes a very surprising information about the structure of the graph. In this paper we investigate independence and domination polynomial at $-1$ and $1$.


A 43-year-old man presented with well-defined purple to skin-colored 2×1cm sized plaque and various sized papules on the posterior neck. Histopathological findings were follicular and perifollicular inflammation with plasma cells, lymphocytes, and neutrop


The Partnership for Results (the " Partnership ") is a model of local governance designed to implement a broad spectrum of evidence-based programs (EBPs) for the benefit of youth at risk. For a decade, it has operated in Cayuga County in Central New York, which includes the City of Auburn. It has sustained its programs after initial federal funding from the Departments of Education, Health & Human Services and Justice, and it has proven to be replicable. Most importantly, the Partnership is having a profound, positive impact on the lives of children and youth and their families: • It has reduced levels of juvenile violence, criminal offending, and destructive risk taking by children and youth – the arrest rate for juvenile the arrest rate for delinquency and young adult criminality has declined by 49% (compared to 24% in Upstate NY as a whole); placements in juvenile detention are down by more than 50%; use of alcohol and marijuana has declined by over 30%; and schools are safer, with reductions of over 55% in fighting and crimes of violence on school property. • The Partnership strives to reduce the exposure of children and youth to violence in all settings (home, community, and schools) and to improve their resilience (to prevail in adversity). We can claim important results-hospitalizations of youth as a result of assaults have declined by over 40% (while they have increased in Upstate NY); the admission rate to foster care as a result of abuse and neglect has decreased by nearly one-half; independent outcome evaluations indicate that nearly two-thirds of students receiving mental health prevention and short-term interventions experienced substantial improvements socially and


In order to analyze the flight characteristics of the airplane in the case of microburst and research the change rule of the airplane landing effectively,a microburst wind shear model is established based on the characteristics of the horizontal wind and the vertical wind.According to the particle motion equation of the idealized airplane,the solve algorithm of the motion equation is proposed.The simulation results show that the different strength of wind field can make the airplane different landing trajectory and the influence of the vertical wind is obvious.The danger degree of landing approach is not the same because of the different altitudes,the danger degree of landing approach biggest value when in the microburst center.At the same time,it is also verified the rationality of the microburst wind shear model and the solve algorithm of the motion equation.


Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in adults leads to disturbances in lipids and carbohydrates metabolism. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of low-dose GH therapy on lipid profile and glucose metabolism. The analysis comprised 9 patients (4 men), age 20.1±2.1 years (mean±SD) with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, including permanent severe GHD (PSGHD), confirmed by severely decreased GH peak (<1.0 ng/mL) in insulin tolerance test after completion of growth-promoting GH therapy. In all the patients other hormonal substitution was administered when necessary. Growth hormone therapy was renewed after at least one year from cessation of growth promotion, with a fixed daily dose 0.3 mg and continued during one year under control of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations. Body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TCh), LDLand HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), as well as glucose and insulin levels in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were assessed and insulin-resistance indices: HOMA-IR and IRI (according to Belfiore) were calculated. Comparisons were made by Wilcoxon's Signed Rank Test. Results are shown in the table. Significant (p<0.05) differences are marked with *.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with the elderly. The current therapy that is used to treat AD is based mainly on the administration of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. Due to their low efficacy there is a considerable need for other therapeutic strategies. Considering that the malfunctions of different, but interconnected, biochemical complex pathways play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease, a promising therapy may consist in administration of drugs that act on more than a target on biochemical scenery of AD. In this work, the synthesis and evaluation of xanthone and flavone derivatives as antioxidants with AChE inhibitory activity were accomplished. Among the obtained compounds, Mannich bases 3 and 14 showed capacity to inhibit AChE and antioxidant property, exerting dual activity. Moreover, for the most promising AChE inhibitors, docking studies on the target have been performed aiming to predict the binding mechanism. The results presented here may help to identify new xanthone and flavone derivatives as dual anti-Alzheimer agents with AChE inhibitory and antioxidant activities.


Various nondestructive monitoring techniques have been explored and developed for predicting strength gain of concrete. Important issues in the implementation of any nondestructive techniques are practicality and reliability of measurements. Recently, the applicability of electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) sensing technique utilizing piezoelectric materials has been extended to monitoring of concrete strength. This technique shows a strong correlation between resonant frequency shift of the measured EMI spectrum of a surface bonded piezo-impedance transducer and compressive strength of concrete. In the present study, the application of EMI sensing technique for monitoring strength development of concrete was performed using an impedance analyzer. The effect of mix proportion of concrete on the EMI spectrum was investigated.


The myopia incidence in children and teenagers for the last 10 years increased by 1.5 times, the most widely spread it received among graduates of lyceums and gymnasiums (50%). Purpose . To reveal the dynamics of changes in refraction, accommodation and viscoelastic properties of the cornea in schoolchildren within 3 years. Material and methods . The dynamics of myopia progression was investigated in 323 children (182 children with emmetropia and 141 – with myopia). The examined children were divided into 2 groups: the group 1 included children with emmetropia; the group 2 – children with mild to moderate myopia (mean spherical equivalent: -1.65±1.07D) aged from 7 to 12 years (mean age: 8.52±1.00). The period of follow-up was 3 years. The study carried out an estimation of axial length (AL), refraction, accommodation. Result s. During 3 year follow-up the axial length steadily increased: within the first year – most intensively in the group 2, in the second and third years – in both groups. In the examination of refraction of the eye a gradual increase in the quantity of myopic children was noted in the group 1 with the initial emmetropia, reaching to the end of the 3rd year 82 children (34.7%). During the study, lower indices of reserve of relative accommodation were detected in the group 2 that remained during the entire period of follow-up. Conclusions . 1. Children with myopia have lower reserves of relative accommodation compared with healthy pupils. 2. Children with myopia have a higher gradient of AL growth compared with children of the same age group with the initial emmetropia. 3. The increase of myopia in 8-year schoolchildren is related to the intensive visual load, provoking habituallyexcessive accommodation tension.


The successful use of in-seam mining in a small West Virginia mine has enabled a 40 in seam to be extracted without removing roof or floor material. An auger-type continuous miner and a continuous haulage system are employed.


Bayesian networks have proven their value in solving complex diagnostic problems. The main bottleneck in applying Bayesian networks to diagnosis is model construction. In our earlier work [1], we proposed passive construction of diagnostic models based on observation of diagnosticians solving diagnostic cases. This idea has never been tested in practice. In this paper, we describe an experiment that tests an interactive prototype system called MARILYN on implementation of a system based on passive construction of diagnostic model, by inputting four hundred help desk cases collected at the University of Pittsburgh campus computing lab. We show that while the system's diagnostic accuracy continues to increase with the number of cases, it reaches very reasonable levels after merely tens of cases.


Abstract Background: The aim of this work has been to study the association between plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentrations and carotid stenosis in a group of 64 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Methods: Arginine, ADMA and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) were measured using capillary electrophoresis with UV detection. An evaluation of plasma concentrations of total cysteine (tCys) and total homocysteine (tHcy) was also performed. Results: Pearson's analysis show a positive correlation between ADMA and carotid stenosis (r=0.37, p=0.003), which is also confirmed after stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. ADMA plasma concentrations were significantly associated with tHcy (r=0.40, p=0.001) and to a lesser extent, even if not significantly, with tCys (r=0.23, p=0.07). Conclusions: Our data suggest that plasma ADMA is involved in carotid narrowing after CEA intervention. This suggests that this molecule may have an important role in the events that lead to stenosis.


This paper shows the use of leverage by control-motivated blockholders to defend their grip over corporate control. Blockholders with high control motivations face a trade-off between raising external finance and losing their control over the firm. Debt offers a solution to this dilemma while equity does not, leading to higher debt-equity ratios. Risk-reduction motivation is the major competing hypothesis to control: undiversified blockholders want to decrease leverage to reduce the firm specific risk they face. We use the firms' ownership structure to detect control motivations of blockholders. Family blockholders are the best examples of shareholders who value corporate control most and tend to have undiversified portfolios, more so than institutional investors. We use 5,975 firms from 38 different countries over the period 1992-2006 and find that the family blockholders' control motives significantly influence capital structure decisions and no support for the risk reducing motivations. Family blockholders use leverage very strategically and not indiscriminately given the higher risk of bankruptcy: they use it mostly when control is contestable and when non-family shareholders' votes have a high probability of being pivotal in a random coalition formation, and use it less when they already have control-enhancing mechanisms in place. Higher leverage in family firms is not due to investment policies' riskiness, higher managerial agency costs, empire-building concerns or higher financial deficits confirming the importance of control motivations.


Although Semantic Web builds on well-established foundations and we are witnessing its expansion across multiple domains, the community has to-date been rather keen on building hybrid ontology-based water quality management systems. Our vision is to build a pure Semantic Web framework for effective management of water quality. In line with this, an SSN-based ontology for water quality management has been developed to support water quality classification based on different regulation authorities such as Water Framework Directive. A couple of case studies from surface waters and drinking waters have been used to illustrate the usability of the proposed ontology.


High-temperature processing of melt оf casting die steel is an effective and inexpensive method of obtaining a high complex of properties of castings. The experimental work was to study the search for a «critical» point and high-temperature processing of melt оf casting die steel 4Х5В2ФСЛ modes. For this purpose was obtained dependence of kinematic viscosity / heating temperature of the melt. The «critical» point of melt оf casting steel 4Х5В2ФС is 1760°С. The melt оf steel kept at a temperature of 1710°С not more than 5 minutes and filled at a temperature 1560°С for the purpose of obtaining favorable primary cast structure and high properties of castings. The cast samples is М-А+ special carbide type МС.


Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite, identified about twenty years ago. Although it can
 cause neurological symptoms in newborn cattle, its main economic and health repercussion in breeding
 is due to abortions. The life cycle of N. caninum is not yet fully understood. Its currently identified
 final hosts are dogs and coyotes, but foxes are also strongly suspected. To be effective, treatment
 and prophylaxis must be based on sound knowledge of the life cycle and pathophysiology of this protozoosis.
 There is no treatment currently available. Many vaccine studies are being performed using
 various strategies, but only disease control methods are possible for the moment, alongside the crucial
 advisory role of veterinary practitioners.


Progress on Mono Element Internal Tin superconductor is presented for four designs with two incorporating integral Nb barriers as opposed to NbTa barriers added later in the fabrication. Processing information is also presented covering the fabrication of these conductors. Sample testing techniques are discussed that gave stable reproducible results to 10 T at current densities of 3767 A/mm/sup 2/ (noncopper). Current density as a function of magnetic field from 10 to 17 T is measured and analyzed with respect to heat treatment and configuration. A value of 2700 A/mm/sup 2/ in the noncopper at 12 T was achieved in the best though nonoptimized samples. Kramer plots are also presented that show H/sup */ of up to 26 T. Reported "n" values are 33 at 17 T for the highest current density sample.


North Main Street Bridge over the Los Angeles River located within the City of Los Angeles, California, was built in 1910 and was identified as the first three-hinge concrete arch rib bridge constructed in the southwestern United States. The bridge is located within 4 kilometers from the Elysian Park Blind/Thrust fault with an estimated Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE) magnitude of 7.0 and peak bedrock acceleration of 0.55g. Multi-modal seismic analysis was performed. The analysis results indicated that the bridge is unstable under seismic loads and the arch ribs and spandrel columns do not have adequate capacities to carry the seismic force demands induced by the MCE event. A retrofit strategy which prevents the bridge from collapsing under the MCE event was developed. The retrofit strategy has minimum adverse effects on the historic character defining features of the bridge.


Structural equation modeling techniques are used to examine the relationship between demographic diversity and perceptions of organizational performance in military units. Analyzing data from the Military Equal Opportunity Climate Survey reveals higher female and minority representation reduces females' and minorities' perceptions of organizational effectiveness, respectively. Identical factors appear to influence the perceptions of organizational performance across these two subgroups of employees. The results demonstrate the importance of conducting separate analyses for subgroups in examining the effects of demographic diversity on organizational performance.


The yields for hadrons and even light nuclei measured at midrapidity in relativistic heavy ion collisions are found to be dictated exclusively by their thermal Boltzmann factor for a common temperature of approximately 155 MeV. The reason for the validity of the thermal model description is widely discussed. Here, we offer a new type of argument in its favor.


This paper explores the relationship between sex worker activism and HIV-related discourse in Bangladesh, relating recent developments in activism to the influence of feminist thought. Following their eviction in 1991 from brothels from red light areas, Bangladeshi sex workers started a social movement, at just about the same time that programmes started to work with sex workers to reduce the transmission of HIV. This paper argues that both sex worker activism and HIV-prevention initiatives find impetus in feminist pro-sex-work perspectives, which place emphasis on individual and collective agency. However, by participating in these programmes, sex workers failed to contest the imagery of themselves as 'vectors' of HIV. In this way, they were unwittingly complicit in reproducing their identity as 'polluting others'. Moreover, by focusing on individual behaviour and the agency of sex workers, HIV programmes ignored the fact that the 'choices' made by sex workers are influenced by a wide range of structural and discursive factors, including gender norms and notions of bodily purity, which in turn have implications for the construction of HIV-related risk.


Experimental data for preformulation study is significant to develop a stable and safe drug product and forms the basis of preliminary information required to develop and design the final formulation. The experience, knowledge of drug substance components and ingredients planned to use in formulation, plays an important role in designing the preformulation studies. Co-ordination between the departments such as mainly analytical research and formulation research in conducting these studiesi.e., interdepartmental co-ordination, exchange of information and knowledge to perform research experimentation is necessary, to understand the knowledge of the complete lifecycle of the drug product. Analytical chemistry deals with methods of analysis developed and planned to use for content determination of related substances/impurities leads to get noteworthyinformation required to develop stable formulation and to determine the stability of the drug product. The usage of multiple instrumental techniques for identification, estimation and characterization techniques are essential to get the results of the research studies. The cGMP and GLP requirements should be fulfilled and followed as per the respective country specific regulatory guidelines.


Contact between water-bearing horizons (Olkusz ore mining region near Cracow)

The region under description is situated north-west of Krakow, not far from the town of Olkusz, on faces of Mesozoic beds, which constitute the Krakow-Silesia Monocline. The Mesozoic cover deeps gently towards NE. Triassic deposits occurring in the base of the Mesozoic cover overlie discordantly, partly directly over folded Devonian and Carboniferous rocks, and partly over Permian deposits of the continental origin. A dense network of faults is a characteristic of the geological structure of the region; it divides it into a system of tectonic troughs and horsts. In the region described above, a vast programme of investigations connected with the development of zinc and lead ore-minding and building of new mines has been carried into practice recently. As a result, a very good surveying of hydrogeological conditions has been achieved. It applies especially to the Triassic water-bearing complex, which is the main starting point of mine affluents, a factor of water hazard to mines, but also the source of water supplies. Table 1 shows a succession of water-bearing horizons and impervious strata in the region of Olkusz, as well as their lithologic character. The area under examination can be divided into two parts, as far as its hydrogeology is concerned. The substantial difference between the two parts lies in the fact that in its eastern part there occurs a Jurassic water-bearing complex, absent in the western part. Apart from this fact, a Quaternary water-bearing complex is of no great importance in the eastern part, while it is of considerable value in the western one (Fig. 1). The water-bearing horizons, mentioned in Table 1, are often hydraulically connected with each other. The intensity of hydraulic connection may be of various types. As far as types of these conctacts and factors indispensable to their occurrence are concerned, they can be systematized in the way shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 14 presents a scheme of connections between individual water-bearing complexes, as well as types of hydraulic contacts participating in these connections. The distribution of more important types of hydraulic connections is shown on a map (Fig. 1). Under the circumstances of a natural hydrogeological regime, the movement of subsurface water took place in the whole area, mainly in the direction of the main draining stream, i.e. the Biala Przemsza river. The situation changed as a result of drainage of the Muschelkalk waterbearing horizon, which was a large scale undertaking carried out by the ore-mining industry. Foundation of an artificial base of drainage on the level of the Muschelkalk bedrock resulted in formation of a vast depression zone. The shape of zone is formed, to some extent, by fault tectonics and by hydraulic contacts with upper water-bearing complexes and surface waters. As a result of the situation described above, the hydraulic gradient has increased in the eastern and south-eastern parts of the Olkusz region, while in the northern and western parts there has occurred an inversion of the direction of water movement from the Biala Przemsza river to the mine drainage system. Moreover, the hydraulic contacts between water-bearing complexes have changed and become more important. In connection with the decrease of piezometrie pressure in the Muschelkalk in the eastern part of the region, the difference between the height of water level in the Jurassic and in the Muschelkalk has increased. Accordingly, the amount of water, which can penetrate from the Jurassic to the Triassic in the contact zones of both horizons, has grown up directly proportionally. The phenomenon concurred to a disastrous disappearance of water, which occurred in the Jurassic horizon, east of Olkusz in 1969 and 1970. One can assume a hypothesis that the increased difference of pressures makes the suffusion process work and creates a direct connection between water-bearing complexes in some fault zones in which such a connection had not existed before because of their being filled with unconsolidated, ill-previous material. The same refers to the connection between the Jurassic and Triassic water-bearing complexes by means of badly liquidated bore-holes and buried karst zones. The erosional contact between the Quaternary and Triassic waterbearing horizons is of the gratest practical importance; it appears in the buried zone of the preglacial valley of the Biala Przemsza river. Previously, under natural conditions, it had been a zone of pressure discharge and ascension of Triassic artesian waters. At present, however, the valley has changed into a zone of recharge and constant supplying of mine water in flow. The significance of contact of the Muschelkalk horizon with the Roethian one has not been surveyed in detail, so far. On the grounds of general data one can suppose, however, that an artificial decrease of hydraulic head in the upper complex (of the two) enables ascensive water penetration from the lower complex, i.e. from Roethian. This also refers to the importance of contacts of the Triassic horizon with the Paleozoic one. The significance of contacts, mentioned above, could be shown in the course of simulation of the Triassic drainage process performed by mines with the help of analogue computer. The authors of the present paper carried out model tests, having assumed the boundary conditions that allow, among others, for some contacts described above. It appeared that the desirable conformity of the course of process performed on the model to the actual course could be achieved in that way.


In 1991 West Virginia's governor announced a 10-year statewide plan that would close 245 schools, primarily in poor, small, and rural communities, and replace them with larger, more "efficient," more urban facilities. The controversy surrounding West Virginia school closings stems from the clash of two sets of beliefs and values. The people in power--legislators, bureaucrats, and school administrators--have visions of the future and of educational progress based on positive views of modernity and urbanization, while their conception of the rural present is based on stereotypes. These beliefs have the ultimate effect of eliminating small schools and the sparsely populated places they serve and sustain. Traditional Appalachian culture is ccenerally stereotyped as passive, fatalistic, and tuo satisfied with the present. In contrast to these and other, more denigrating, media stereotypes, the rural Appalachian lifestyle encompasses such traditional American values as thrift, productive labor, community, family values, and self-reliance, and also allows time for just living, a quality of experience often lost in more efficient "modern" lifestyles. Educators believe that they should raise students' level of expectations from the present-oriented rural way of thinking and prepare students to leave home in search of a future somewhere else. A more innovative approach to rural education, emphasizing self-study and local analysis, would surely produce some students who would stay and develop an economically viable rural home in the 21st century. Such an approach, pursued in small schools and rural communities, could fulfill the brave promises of educators and politicians and allow rural people to control their destiny. (SV) *h********************************************************************* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Rural Schools and Modern Visions U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of E.:kw-V.0nel Research and impro.ernent EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) iThdi 00Cument has been reproduced as stewed from the person or organozatIon oroginehng 0 Ilknor changes have been made to wnprove reproduchon oustaT Pants of vets opdsons stated rn WS document do not neces.senly represent othoal OERI posttoon Or pohcy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." In 1991 West Virginia Governor Gaston Caperton made a national announcement of his 10-year school-building plan: to close 245 schools by the year 2000. The irony of a "building plan" that closed schools was apparent to many: namely the people who lived where the schools were closing, in poor, small and rural communities. There were other ironies: this was a plan to save money, but first the state must spend $1.2 billion. It was a plan to equalize educational opportunity, though many students must now travel many hours to get their education. It was a plan to make school facilities larger, more "efficient," more modern and more urban, just as American cities were dismantling their over-large schools and breaking them into more human-scaled institutions. We can see in the school-closing decision-making process in West Virginia, the clash of two sets of values, as school officials insist on one vision of the future and as parents and students in rural communities resist that vision and create their own. Rural citizens put tremendous and impressive effort into Save Our School movements. They disseminated national research which proved the benefits of smaller schools, and which pointed out the failures of large schools and their greater expense. They brought lawsuits against school systems, elected new school board members, and defeated proposed local bond sales. Although here and there a school was saved, the overall effort was about as effective as throwing peanuts at a tank. The school-closing juggernaut rolls on for two reasons: first, the state was giving away money only to projects that closed small schools to build large ones. No other plan would be funded. Second, building big, shiny, modern schools in town jibed precisely with the nitural biases of most bureaucrats, legislators and school administrators, who equated "urban" and "modern" with educational progress. "Getting ready for the 21st Across the Ridge page 6 by Deirdre Purdy century" is a phrase beloved by education bureaucrats. That kind of language implies that, unfortunately for rural residents, rugged roads, peaceful hills and scattered rural communities have no place in the future. People who do not share a positive view of "urban" and "modern" are dismissed as troublesome protestors, foot-. draggers, nostalgic romantics, and ultimately, interfering fools. Let me suggest a cluster of beliefs held by such people in power. Their vision of the future is based on positive views of modernity and urbanization, while their conception of the rural present is based on stereotypes. These two views have the ultimate effect of eliminating small schools and the sparsely populated areas they serve and sustain. Traditional Appalachian culture is generally stereotyped as passive, fatalistic, static, and too satisfied with the present, even with the acknowledgement that there are a few charming elements within the culture. Far better, it is thought, is modern culture, which is restless, striving, and dynamic, with problem-solving capability and achievement orientation. This very elitist and false interpretation of Appalachian culture is a media-created and widely disseminated view. There are no contemporary and realistic media images of rural life. The stereotypes of jug-suckin', fiddle-strokin', porchsittin', 0droppin', hound-happy mountaineers make it very difficult for mountain people to appreciate their riches. Many school bureaucrats come from the local culture and repudiate it even more strongly because they have "risen" from it to become modern power-brokers themselves. It is almost as if we can't see ourselves for the clutter of media overlay, all fast cuts, bright colors, and loud insistent music, that tells us modern life is a commercial, a rock video, and urban docudrama, and we as rural people are not in it. "Modern" does not, cannot, look like small mountain homes nestled on and claiming level ground, with generous porches where family and neighbors visit. The houses are owner-built,


Qinyang was selected from the open pollinated seedings of Roal Gala. The fruit is subglobose in shape, weighing 198 g on average. The fruit skin has a yellow-green ground color covered with red blush. The flesh is crisp with an aromatic flavor, containing a soluble solids content of 12.18%, titratable acidity of 0.38% , of good eating quality. Fruit developing duration is 103 days, maturing in mid-late July. It could be stored under the ambient temperature for 15 days. The trees are precocious and productive.


The achievements in recent more than 20 years of the Polymer Materials for Oil Field Laboratory established by CNPC R D Department and the State key laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China jointly in Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University are briefly presented. The recent researches on polymers for EOR use in China and abroad are shown to be concentrated mainly on modified polymers and polymer gels. The novel polymers for EOR prepared in the Polymer Materials for Oil Field Laboratory are introduced in 3 classes: ① block/graft copolymers synthesized through ultrasonic irradiation; ② polymers with or through specific interactions including hydrophobically associating polymers, anionic/cationic complexed polymers, amphoteric polymers; and HPAM based weak gels; ③ polymeric surfactants. From a fundamental point of view of constructing basic theoretical concepts and academic reserves for EOR, it is recommended that further researches and developments to be made in heat resistant and salts tolerant polymers, promising polymeric surfactants; high performance oilfield produced water treating agents, plastics for gas transportation pipes and their manufacturing thechnology.


Introduction: COVID – 19 infections that has shaken the world by leading into a significant health issue. World is in the need for effective therapies in order to improve clinical outcomes of patients. We must consider new approaches in the treatment of COVID-19. In order to bring effectiveness in treatment, it is important to know the exact pathogenesis of the virus so that it will pave a path for an efficient treatment.
Methods: To ensure comprehensive research and discuss the objective of the review of the study, literature collection was collected from the relevant published articles from databases such as "PubMed, Medline, and SCOPUS,"
Results: COVID-19 is linked with severe inflammation. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels are elevated in the lung and in bronchial cells. Leukotrienes [LTs] are eicosanoids and inflammatory mediators. Leukotrienes are produced by various cell types which includes, leukocytes. Cysteinyl-leukotrienes (CysLTs) are involved in respiratory pathologies such as inflammation, thrombosis and vascular damage, and fibrotic remodeling.
Discussion: Hence there is a rational for LTs inhibition and montelukast usage in respiratory diseases beyond asthma. Various literatures suggest the use of LT receptor antagonist 'Montelukast' in COVID – 19 treatments.
Conclusion: This review article will discuss various aspects of Montelukast in COVID – 19 treatments and reviews the properties of montelukast that could be beneficial in the treatment of COVID-19.


We present an Augmented Reality (AR) application intended for use in supermarkets, with the primary goal to bring fun and digital engagement through AR mini-games to the customers while shopping. We believe that our approach can be extended and scaled up by integrating mini-games into existing shopping apps in the future.


The invention relates to the technical field of electricity regulation equipment, in particular to a DC centralized power supply dimming monitoring system used for public lighting. The system is characterized by being provided with an AC/DC conversion module, an AC power supply detection module, a control module, a DC power supply detection module, a dimming module and a central controller. Compared with the prior art, the system is especially suitable for public lighting, the energy consumption of lighting devices is lowered, the service life of lamps is prolonged, the daily maintenance cost of the lighting devices is lowered, and the distribution three-phase loads of the lighting devices are balanced.


Viewport prediction plays a crucial role in live 360° video streaming as it determines which tiles should be prefetched in high quality, thereby significantly impacting the user experience. However, the current approach to viewport prediction, which integrates content-level visual features with the viewer's head movement trajectory, faces the challenge of striking a balance between prediction accuracy and computational complexity. In this paper, we propose LiveAE, a novel attention-based and edge-assisted viewport prediction framework for live 360° video streaming. Specifically, we employ a pre-trained video encoder called Vision Transformer (ViT) for general visual feature extraction and a cross-attention mechanism for user-specific interest tracking. To address the computational complexity issue, we offload the aforementioned content-level operations to an edge server while retaining trajectory-related functions on the client side. Extensive experiments show that our proposed method not only outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms but also ensures the real-time requirements of live 360° video streaming.


This article presents the findings of a systematic review on the health consequences of Nepal's armed conflict waged by the Maoists and the development and trajectory of their health workers. Nepal's decade-long violent conflict resulted in more than 13 000 deaths, the destruction of more than 1000 health posts and poor health services delivery. At present, most of the former rebel health workers live in remote/rural areas and some are running health centers. The review found that the Maoists had trained more than 2000 health workers, who can be categorized into 4 levels. However, there is little evidence on their competencies and career motivation. The Maoists demand restructuring of the Nepalese health sector and the integration of their health workforce into the national health system. However, there has been no national discussion in Nepal of what kind of health reform and integration model is appropriate for a sustainable peace and improved service delivery.


Navigation includes the integration of methodologies and systems for estimating time-varying position, velocity and attitude of moving objects. Navigation incorporating the integrated inertial navigation system (INS) and global positioning system (GPS) generally requires extensive evaluations of nonlinear equations involving double integration. Currently, integrated navigation systems are commonly implemented using the extended Kalman filter (EKF). The EKF assumes a linearized process, measurement models and Gaussian noise distributions. These assumptions are unrealistic for highly nonlinear systems like land vehicle navigation and may cause filter divergence. A particle filter (PF) is developed to enhance integrated INS/GPS system performance as it can easily deal with nonlinearity and non-Gaussian noises. In this paper, a hybrid extended particle filter (HEPF) is developed as an alternative to the well-known EKF to achieve better navigation data accuracy for low-cost microelectromechanical system sensors. The results show that the HEPF performs better than the EKF during GPS outages, especially when simulated outages are located in periods with high vehicle dynamics.


This paper presents exploratory research work in facility layout design of a manufactured housing production plant. Manufactured homes are built in a factory on an assembly line that consists of activity stations, subactivity stations, feeder stations, and storage areas. This research developed systematic process steps for the layout design of manufactured housing production plants with a qualitative approach. The qualitative approach takes into account space requirements and proximity parameters. For this purpose, the tools and techniques available in industrial and manufacturing engineering were investigated. Data related to the space and proximity requirements in the two case study production plants were collected, and alternative layouts were developed. These layouts were analyzed to suggest the best possible layout. Finally, layout design steps for the qualitative analysis of the facility design were presented in the form of a process flowchart.


The endocannabinoid system may serve important functions in the central and peripheral regulation of pain. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the endocannabinoid transport inhibitor AM404 [N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-eicosa5,8,11,14-tetraenamide] on rodent models of acute and persistent nociception (intraplantar formalin injection in the mouse), neuropathic pain (sciatic nerve ligation in the rat), and inflammatory pain (complete Freund's adjuvant injection in the rat). In the formalin model, administration of AM404 (1–10 mg/kg i.p.) elicited dose-dependent antinociceptive effects, which were prevented by the CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist rimonabant (SR141716A; 1 mg/kg i.p.) but not by the CB2 antagonist SR144528 (1 mg/kg i.p.) or the vanilloid antagonist capsazepine (30 mg/kg i.p.). Comparable effects were observed with UCM707 [N-(3-furylmethyl)-eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide], another anandamide transport inhibitor. In both the chronic constriction injury and complete Freund's adjuvant model, daily treatment with AM404 (1–10 mg/kg s.c.) for 14 days produced a dose-dependent reduction in nocifensive responses to thermal and mechanical stimuli, which was prevented by a single administration of rimonabant (1 mg/kg i.p.) and was accompanied by decreased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric-oxide synthase in the sciatic nerve. The results provide new evidence for a role of the endocannabinoid system in pain modulation and point to anandamide transport as a potential target for analgesic drug development. The endocannabinoids, anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), are removed from the extracellular space by a high-affinity transport system present both in neural and non-neural cells (Beltramo et al., 1997; Hillard et al., 1997). The molecular identity of this putative transporter is still unknown, but some of its biochemical and pharmacological properties have been characterized (for review, see Hillard and Jarrahian, 2003). These include stereoselective substrate recognition and saturation at 37°C, independence from ion gradients, and pharmacological inhibition by agents such as AM404, UCM707, and LY2183240 (Beltramo et al., 1997; Piomelli et al., 1999; Lopez-Rodriguez et al., 2001; Moore et al., 2005). After reuptake, anandamide is hydrolyzed by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) (Cravatt et al., 1996), an intracellular membrane-bound serine hydrolase whose activity is selectively inhibited by the compounds URB597 and OL135 (Kathuria et al., 2003; Lichtman et al., 2004) as well as by a variety of nonselective agents (for review, see Piomelli, 2005). Intracellular 2-AG is hydrolyzed by monoacylglycerol lipase (Stella et al., 1997; Dinh et al., 2002), which is inhibited by the compound URB602 (Hohmann et al., 2005; Makara et al., 2005). Pharmacological blockade of FAAH activity elicits modest but significant antinociceptive effects in rats (Kathuria et al., 2003; Lichtman et al., 2004), whereas mutant mice in which This work was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (Grants DA-12447 and DA-3412), by the University of California Discovery Program (to D.P.), and by Ministero dell'Istruzione, Università e Ricerca (to A.C.). M.B. was a National Institute on Drug Abuse INVEST fellow. 1 These authors contributed equally to this work. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://jpet.aspetjournals.org. doi:10.1124/jpet.105.100792. ABBREVIATIONS: 2-AG, 2-arachidonoylglycerol; AM404, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide; UCM707, N-(3-furylmethyl)-eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide; LY2183240, 5-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl-tetrazole-1-carboxylic acid dimethylamide; FAAH, fatty acid amide hydrolase; URB597, cyclohexylcarbamic acid 3 -carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester; OL-135, 1-oxo-1-[5-(2-pyridyl)oxazol-2-yl]-7-phenylheptane; URB602, (1,1 biphenyl)-3-yl-carbamic acid, cyclohexyl ester; SR141716A, rimonabant; CCI, chronic constriction injury; CFA, complete Freund's adjuvant; iNOS, inducible nitric-oxide synthase; Cox-2, cyclooxygenase-2; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; s.c., subcutaneous; SR144528, N-[(1S)-endo-1,3,3trimethylbicycloheptan-2-yl]-5-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide. 0022-3565/06/3173-1365–1371$20.00 THE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS Vol. 317, No. 3 Copyright © 2006 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 100792/3113920 JPET 317:1365–1371, 2006 Printed in U.S.A.


The invention discloses a curing barn structure with adjustable volume. The curing barn structure comprises a curing barn, wherein a heating and ventilating system is fixedly arranged on the rear part of the curing barn; a door is connected with the front part of the curing barn through hinges; a motor bin is arranged above the door; slide rails are fixedly connected with the upper parts of two side walls of the curing barn; a toothed plate is in sliding connection with the slide rails; a winding device is arranged at the upper part of the curing barn; a heat-insulating curtain is wound on a scroll in the winding device; a fixing shaft is fixedly connected with the two ends of the winding device; an embedded block is fixedly connected with the fixing shaft; a groove is integrally formed in one end of the toothed plate; the embedded block is fixedly embedded into the groove; motors are fixedly arranged at the two ends of the motor bin; driving gears are fixed on output shafts of the motors, and meshed with the toothed plate so as to drive the winding device to horizontally move. The curing barn structure with adjustable volume provided by the invention has a simple structure and is convenient to use; on the basis of reconstructing the present curing barn, the reconstruction is easy; the size of the inner space of the curing barn can be adjusted; the sealing property is excellent; the energy resource is saved.


The Tower of Pisa survived several strong earthquakes over the last 650 years - despite its leaning and limited strength & ductility. No credible explanation for its remarkable seismic performance exists to date. A re-assessment of this unique case history in light of new seismological, geological, structural and geotechnical information is reported, aiming to address the above question. The following topics are discussed: (1) dynamic structural identification based on recorded earthquake data; (2) geophysical site characterization using a 2D array; (3) seismic hazard and site response analysis considering horizontal and vertical motions; (4) soil-structure interaction analysis calibrated using lab and field data. A substantial shift in natural period, from about 0.35s to over 1s (a threefold increase – the largest known for a building of that height) due to SSI, a wave parameter (1/σ) of about 0.3, and a minor effect of vertical ground motion are identified, and may explain the lack of


Two theoretical frameworks, which underlie education programs for young Limited-English-Proficient (LEP) children, are explored: cognit.ve/developmental and maturational/linguistic theories. The cognitive/developmental view supports the idea that intellectual and language growth and learning are action oriented and variable among young children and are affected by factors such as direct experiences with the physical and social worlds. The maturational/linguistic view stresses development and learning as a series of overlapping, predetermined, and continually emerging traits. A third view is recommended that is an offshoot of the maturational/linguistic view: the sociolinguistic perspective, wh:ch recognizes the significant affect that the sociocultural milieu has on children's language and intellectual traits. Several cognitive developmental implications for young LEP children are discussed, including practical applications to the early childhood classroom and home environments. Discovery learning (free, prompted, and directed) and the selection of materials for language and intellectual development are also suggested. Implications for further research are noted. Contains 62 references. (LB) ************************41********************************************N* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************X** EARLY CHILDHOOD: THEORIES, RESEARCH AND IMPLICATIONS FOR BILINGUAL EDUCATION U I. DEPANTMINT or EDUCATION Office oI Education& Romarcti and intorove.menl EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION Thomas D. Yawkey CENTER (EF0C) 4.4ms doe umont nos bun (*produced as and feCtoild from tn. parnion as organ.zaton Joseph 0. Prewitt-Diaz Minot charciat nava tiaian made lo import rooroductmn czusIly Poinit of we,* or opniont Waled tn,s doCu moot 60 not necossa,wy repramnt otticlal OERI POCIoon Or policy INTRODUCTION Early childhood education is a developing field of study in the United States. Although there is some debate about the range of children's ages that encompass this field (Cartright and Peters, 1982), current teacher educators and researchers regard birth to eight years of age as early childhood (Peters, Neisworth and Yawkey, 1985). From programmatic, human service and developmental perspectives, early childhend typically contains several smaller age-related areas of infancy (birth to two years), preschool (two to four years), kindergarten (five years) and primary grades (six to eight years). In states such as California, New York, Pennsylvania and many others, early childhood teacher certification is increasingly viewed as professional certification of individuals deserving to work in nursery through third grade school programs with children from two to eight years of age. Accordingly, this paper provides an overview of the major mainline early childhood theories and research studies that underlie this field of study. It relates these theories and studies to young limted English proficient children. In addition, it su ens implications of these theories and research studies for practitioners and school administrators. The paper concludes with issues and recommendations for further research. EARLY CHILDHOOD THEORIES AND RESEARCH STUDIES Peters, et al. (1985) and Nurss and Hodges (1982) describe historiLaily several forms of early childhood education in the United States that mutually coexist and intersect: kindergarten, nursery school, day care and compensatory education. Each form has different gaals for the young child. The major goal of kindergarten is to prepare the young child for formal schooling in first grade. It is generally regarded by mal / early childhood educators as a bridge between 1.0 home and school and, therefore, stresses socialization or social adjustment (Nurss and Hodges), fine 'and large motor development and other areas such 2S positive attitudes toward self, school and society. O In general, nu rsery school goals also stress socialization and positive self concept. Lay and Dopyera (1977), in Nurss and Hodges, note that nursery 161 2 BEST COPY AVAILABLE schools as half-day programs for young children two to five serve families primarily from middle to upper socioeconomic levels. Play and its various forms, in inside and outside environments, help to crystallize positive socialization and self concepts in young children. Day care, as the third form of early childhood education, varies widely from state to state. Serving a variety of age levels, from infancy to age five, in full-day programs, day care can be centeror homebased as well 2S private, proprietary, public or operated by business or industry exclusively for their employees. The goals of day care also vary from "custodial care to developmental and/or educational growth and stress a mix of developmentally and educationally appropriate activities" (Nurss and Hodges, p. 505). With massive federal funding of Project Head Start in 1965, compensatory education began for children from low economic strata. Although the goals ofProject Head Start are indeed comprehensive and cover numerous areas such as nutrition, health, and social, emotional, physical and intellectual and 4evelopment, Head Start is regarded by most early childhood theorists as the beginning of the early childhood field. There are several reasons for this recognition: 1. Peters, et al. (1985, p. 27) note oat Project Head Start was the legitimate offspring of and brought together the various early childhood forms of kindergarten, nursery schools and day care. In addition, Head Start represented a new, first attempt on a large federally legislated and funded scale for "systematic intervention into the lives of young children and families with the explicit intention of accomplishing large social goals." (Peters, et al. p. 27). 2. Founded on social unrest of the1950s and 1960s and child development research results that showed cumulative cognitive and stimulation deficits favoring middle over low SES children, Head Start ushered in great regard for theory and research driven early childhood programs and leashed theory and research to serve the young child (Cartright and Peters, Nurss and Hodges). 3. Although the initial Head Start assumption of cu mulative deficits is highly questionable in present early childhood education, Head Start served "to emphasize intellectual and language development and deemphasize social adjustment as goals as well as to stress the plasLicity and malleability of development and learning in young children" (Nurss and Hodges, 1982, p. 498). 4. Head Start for early childhood education legitimate unique, significant contributions that parents make to their young children's development and learning and the significance of parent involvement and education for school programs.


Several recently published studies have questioned both the safety and efficacy of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination among HIV positive adults. Nevertheless, the international consensus amongst advisory committees tends to favour vaccination for this high-risk group to prevent complications arising from influenza and invasive pneumococcal infections. Although transient increases of HIV RNA virus in plasma have been recorded after influenza and pneumoccocal vaccinations, the safety of both vaccines is borne out by the majority of studies on the subject. Efficacy in both vaccines decreases in line with the degree of immunodeficiency. Influenza vaccination is ineffective in advanced immunodeficiency (CD4 cells counts 100.000 copies/ml. Concurrent anti-retroviral therapy appears to improve the response rate to influenza vaccination but does not modify the response rate to pneumococcal vaccination. With the intention of improving serological protection, a series of trials have been carried with booster doses after influenza vaccination, and also with combined pneumococcal vaccines (until now only authorised for use among children under five years old). Key words: Influenza. Pneumococcal Infections. Vaccination. HIV. Prisons


New challenges in internal auditing are the digitization of all activities of the company. These challenges force internal audit to increasingly adopt data-driven processes. Auditing is increasingly using artificial intelligence methods such as neural networks to overcome these challenges. Auditors need to understand the fundamentals of artificial intelligence, identify the roles they need to play, identify AI risks and opportunities, prepare for change, recast their role, and adapt to process automation. Accounting firms report the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in their audit and advisory functions, citing benefits such as time savings, faster data analysis, greater accuracy, deeper insights into business processes, and improved accuracy. AI a new technology designed to mimic human cognitive skills and judgment, promises users competitive advantages. As a result, all of the Big 4 companies report their use and their plans to continue this innovation in areas such as risk assessments for audit planning, transaction testing, analysis, and creation of audit working papers, among others. relationship between artificial intelligence techniques The study hypothesis states that: - The first hypothesis there is no statistically significant relationship between artificial intelligence techniques and internal auditing activities. The second hypothesis: - there is statistically significant relationship between artificial intelligence techniques and internal auditing activities Design/methodology/approach– measure the of digital on its on the financial reporting quality at 95% confidence level. The study results and show that the intelligence techniques improve the activities of The Study that using of artificial intelligence applications in remote audit, where its measure works for providing additional information to users of financial statements, reducing costs and save time, using artificial intelligence in all corporate activities for reducing the costs and continuous revision of mechanisms of artificial intelligence and their use in remote internal auditing in light of epidemics.


of an article or book. An idea is abstract when it is separated from the background of fact and circumstances out of which its meaning grew. &dquo;Laws&dquo; and principles in science or mathematics may be abstractly presented to learners-if only a general conclusion or summary statement is presented, without factual details for illustration and support. When


The State of Jammu and Kashmir represents the traditional mulberry sericulture under the temperate belt. Sericulture involves agriculture, art, culture, civilization and reflects the industry. Mulberry is grown in varied climatic conditions ranging from temperate to tropics. In past sericulture was domain of temperate regions. Majority of Sericulturist in these traditional areas have taken up mulberry cultivation on small land holdings as a life sustaining occupation. As a result of financial constraints and ignorance on the part of majority of stakeholders and many others, mulberry is largely cultivated in nutrient deficient systems. Sericulture in the region however, sustains on tree type of plants which are available on road side, bund side, river side and borders of agricultural fields etc. Also not much importance is given to available nutrients in the soil. Due to the above constraints, the yield of mulberry is low in the conventional areas. Also, the leaf quality gets affected especially without application of any inputs. Thus, intern affecting the production and quality of silk. The analysis of soil samples at CSR&TI, Pampore, had shown wide variation in pH and EC in different seasons. Macro and micro-nutrients status in soil plays important role in the life cycle of plant as major physiological process sustains on proper concentrations of these nutrients. Therefore, refinement is needed in package and practice for propagation of these plant materials. Attempts are also required to be made plant, to define ways for improvement and proper management of leaf quality and soil health.


Effort has been made to represent model uncertainties since 1990s. Toth and Kalnay (1995) deliberately inflate the ensemble perturbations during the integration to increase the ensemble spread. Multi-model and multi-model version approaches are employed in both operational systems (e.g. Houtekamer et al., 1996) and experimental tests (e.g. Stensrud et al. 2000 and Hou et al. 2001). On the other hand, the use of stochastic noise to represent unpredictable smallscale variability, in the form of stochastic physics with the ECMWF ensemble forecast system (Buizza, et al, 1999) and the stochastic backscatter applied to the UK Met Office model (Frederiksen and Davies 1997), appear to have beneficial effect on forecast skills and synoptic variability. Based on these considerations, research is being conducted at EMC/NCEP to develop a practical and effective stochastic parameterization scheme within NCEP's Global Ensemble Forecasting System (GEFS). The scheme is based on random combinations of the tendencies of the ensemble perturbations and referred as a Stochastic Perturbation Scheme (SPS). The experiments with a simplified version of SPS (Hou, Toth and Zhu 2006, HTZ hereafter) show encouraging results. Since 2006, GEFS has been running under the Earth System Modeling System (ESMF) environment and this makes it possible to employ the scheme in the operations with a more realistic version. This paper presents the results of experiments with SPS at operational environment and discuss the impact of the scheme on the GEFS model output.


Employee attitudes and conduct is highly relevant for customer's perception of high-quality service. Leadership to ensure exceptional conduct of employees, and to prevent supervisor undermining is of critical importance to the hospitality sector. This research investigates the significance of the leader-member exchange superior-subordinate dyads and emotional intelligence theories within the hospitality industry.


The simulation results of 4 kW induction motor electric drive with scalar control system and different control topologies are presented. The perspective directions of further investigations on improving energy efficiency of electric drives with scalar control systems are highlighted.


Non‐technical summary  In everyday life, we encounter moving objects and to follow them, we have developed smooth pursuit eye movements. When you rotate your head, the vestibulo‐ocular reflex is activated, which generates compensatory smooth eye movements so your eyes remain focussed on the current object of interest. Previous work has shown that you can overcome this reflex to follow a moving object with your eyes and head together, but this normally requires visual feedback. The current study shows that under certain circumstances, for example when you can anticipate the motion of an object, you can use predictive mechanisms in the brain to supplement your pursuit movements to continue to follow the object if it disappears. We demonstrate that you can sample and store brief visual motion to pursue an unseen moving object. Additionally, you can more accurately follow it with your eyes and head together, compared to just using your eyes.


Distributed, rather than co‐located, teams increasingly perform audit work, raising regulator concerns that distributed team communication issues may affect audit quality. We investigate upward communication (i.e., raising issues to supervisors), a key communication dimension related to audit quality (PCAOB, 2010). In Study 1 we survey 69 senior auditors to establish that distributed team upward communication suffers. Further, distributed team auditors identify less with their teams and struggle to know when and how to speak up. Because both are linked to inhibited upward communication, we next experimentally test firm practices with the potential to attenuate these problems. Study 2, an experiment with 128 staff auditors and interns, reveals that making auditors' professional identities salient improves upward communication on co‐located teams with strong team identities but not on distributed teams with weak team identities. Study 3, an experiment with 58 staff auditors, replicates a key Study 2 finding with a design that makes no reference to team identity strength. Specifically, in the presence of a salient professional identity, upward communication is significantly higher for co‐located relative to distributed team auditors. Study 4, an experiment with 69 staff auditors, focuses solely on distributed teams. It indicates that several distributed team management practices, including one‐on‐one and standing daily meetings, encourage upward communication. Finally, Study 5, informal interviews with eight audit seniors, corroborates key survey and experimental findings. Combined, our results provide insights into why distributed team communication suffers, refine audit voice theory, and provide regulators, practitioners, and researchers with multiple paths to improve audit quality.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The model and method of calculating the wall temperature of the thin wall flame tube of a certain inter-cooling cycle gas turbine combustor are given.By use of this method,the wall temperature calculation of the flame tube is accomplished;the influences of film cooling,thermal barrier coating(TBC)and wall thickness on the axial and radial wall temperature distribution of the flame tube are analyzed.


Ecosan latrine is one of the environmental friendly systems that recover the nutrients in human fecal matter. Comparing the quality of compost produced by Ecosan latrine and compost bins and results of the KAP survey on both systems aims to compare the nutrient values and knowledge, attitudes and practices of users. Ecosan compost contains 1.35 times of Nitrogen, 0.92 times of Phosphorous and 2.8 times more Potassium than in Bin compost at the 0.05 significant levels. Mean value of the fresh weight (2.72g/plant) of plants grown in Ecosan compost soil mixture (50:50) is not higher than mean value of the fresh weight of plants (4.19g/plant) grown in bin compost soil mixture (50:50) at the 0.05 significant level. Knowledge of the users on Ecosan latrine is lower (19.55%) and attitudes (41%) and practices (82.89%) are adequate enough to maintain the system properly. Attitudes (76.66 %) and of practices (82 %) of the compost bin users are at a satisfactory level even 22.21% don't have the adequate knowledge of the system. Appropriate knowledge, has not been transferred to the Ecosan latrines users for the sustainable use. Nutrient value and N:P:K ration of Ecosan compost depend on the additives used after defecation and it is higher in nutrients, compared to the bin compost. As Ecosan compost is more useful as a soil conditioner rather than an organic fertilizer, due to its unbalanced N:P:K ration. Key words, Compost, Compost Bin, Ecosan latrine , Fertilizer, Nutrients Introduction. Hygienic sanitation is necessary to sustain human life and to ensure good health and human dignity. Sanitation is key determinant of both equity in society and society's ability to sustain itself. Sanitation has become one of the prioritized focus areas locally, regionally and globally in recent decades due the vulnerability of environment and human health. Because many people use unhygienic places for defecation and normal flush latrine system leads to several environmental and sanitary problems. National sanitation coverage in Sri Lanka is about 76% (Census and statistical survey, 2004) and successive governments, after independence in 1948 laid heavy emphasis on the sanitation aspects both in urban and rural areas in Sri Lanka, to enhance the


Objective To compare the effect and safety of catheter ablation for right ventricular outflow tract ventricular tachycardia with syncope between non-contract mapping system (NMS) and conventional approach.Methods A lot of 29 patients with right ventficular outflow tract (RVOT)/ventrieular tachycardia (VT) and syncope,10 patients adopted non-contract mapping system,19 patients adopted conventional approach.Results The immediate successful rates were 100% in 2 groups,hut compared with conventional approach group,the ablating points were less[(3.3±2.1) vs.(5.6±3.1),P0.05],the procedure time was shorter [(73.4±34.6)min vs.(129.6±56.9) min,P0.05],the X-ray exposure time was shorter [(13.2±7.8) min vs.(24.4±19.7)min,P0.05] and the rates of complications and recurrence were lower in the NMS group.Conclusions Compared with conventional approach group,the NMS is more reliable,more timesaving and safer in ablation RVOT-VT.


Dr. SEQUEIRA, in reply, said he was not disposed to push the X-rays in such a case. He had once had a case of tylosis sent to him in which prolonged treatment by the rays had caused profound sclerotic scarring, with immobility of the fingers. It appeared to be necessary to cause a dermatitis to get rid of the condition, and he did not think it would be wise to attempt X-ray treatment where the hands and feet were involved.


With 6 issues per year since its inception, next year Russian Cardiology Journal will double its issue number to 12.


Several structural details of the rutile family of compounds are examined which highlight the power of orbital models of electronic structure. They include discussion of the local distortion of the octahedron as a function of electron count, distortions driven by metal-metal bonding, and the factors controlling the planar geometry at oxygen.


The invention discloses a tunnel seepage protection method for a soft soil stratum by an existing shield method, which includes: acquiring stratum division information of shallow soil containing a tunnel; determining permeability coefficient of the stratum; obtaining theoretical maximum seepage through the stratum permeability coefficient and lining permeability coefficient; distributing detection points at the theoretical maximum seepage position of the tunnel, a structural longitudinal inflection point of the tunnel and a seam between the tunnel and the lining; and timely taking plugging measures when seepage occurs at the detection points. Waterproofing and seepage protection effects are evident for the tunnel, and the method is simple and low in operation cost.


A method and an apparatus for processing a memo in a portable terminal are provided. The method includes displaying a memo screen, detecting a memo input in the memo screen, processing the memo input to generate an image, adjusting a line spacing of the memo screen according to the image, and adjusting the image to a default line spacing.


The consonant system of many American Indian languages comprises a triple series of stops, as well as of certain other classes of consonants, such as spirants. These have been variously termed according to the different authors and languages. Other consonant systems prevail in large parts of the American continents, including those of a single series of stops, as for example Nahuatl (but not, for instance, the related Pipil), most dialects of Eskimo, Araucanian, Yamana (Tierra del Fuego). In both continents and chiefly in their eastern part, the double series of stops (k :g, t : d, etc.) seems to be prevalent, as typified by the Algonquian languages of North America, or the Arawak languages of South America. The triple series is most firmly established in the western part, being found in most of the languages on the Pacific coast of North America as well as in the important Quechua and Aymarf of the Andean region. Doubtless it once had a wider extension toward the east. Thus a triple series of stops and spirants are found in some of the Siouan languages, notably the Dakotan, and we may presume that it was developed in the speech once common to all Siouan tribes. A system of a quadruple series is extremely rare. We find it in the language of the Ponca and Omaha, with which this paper is to deal. When speaking of the various series, nothing has as yet been said as to their nature. In widely separate languages the phonetic systems are never quite identical. This means that when we speak of a triple series of stops in such distinctly different languages as Dakota and Quechua the respective series must not be understood to


................................................................................................................................. VII List of Tables ......................................................................................................................... XIV List of Figures ........................................................................................................................ XVI List of Appendices ................................................................................................................ XVII Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................... XVIII Chapter


This study examines the association between surgeon volume and 30-day rates of complications, mortality, and postdischarge utilization among patients undergoing parathyroidectomy.


t Henry J. Fletcher Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Research and Faculty, University of Minnesota. Thanks are due to Jim Chen, Dianne Farber, and Suzanna Sherry for helpful comments. 1 Isak Dinesen, Out of Africa (Modern Library 1992) (lst ed 1937). 2 Id at 267-68. I wish I could take credit for independently discovering this wonderful story, but I found it in Richard A. Posner, Law and Literature: A Misunderstood Relation 96-97 n 38 (Harvard 1988). 3 Consider, for example, the defendant who went from bank to bank withdrawing $9,999 in cash in order to cover a gambling debt. He adopted this strategy for the specific purpose of evading a federal law requiring banks to report any transaction involving $10,000 in cash. Although the statute prohibited "structuring" transactions to evade the reporting requirement, the Court held that the government had to prove not only that he was deliberately evading the reporting requirement but also that he knew that evasion was specifically prohibited by the statute. Ratzlaf v United States, 510 US 135, 149 (1994). 4 For instance, in arguing that the Endangered Species Act prohibits killing animals but not extinguishing the species by preventing it from breeding, Justice Scalia railed against the majority's reliance on the broad purpose of the statute. Babbitt v Sweet Home Chapter of Communities for a Great Oregon, 515 US 687, 721-25 (1995) (Scalia dissenting).


A fundamental feature of complex biological systems is the ability to form feedback interactions with their environment. A prominent model for studying such interactions is reservoir computing, where learning acts on low-dimensional bottlenecks. Despite the simplicity of this learning scheme, the factors contributing to or hindering the success of training in reservoir networks are in general not well understood. In this work, we study non-linear feedback networks trained to generate a sinusoidal signal, and analyze how learning performance is shaped by the interplay between internal network dynamics and target properties. By performing exact mathematical analysis of linearized networks, we predict that learning performance is maximized when the target is characterized by an optimal, intermediate frequency which monotonically decreases with the strength of the internal reservoir connectivity. At the optimal frequency, the reservoir representation of the target signal is high-dimensional, de-synchronized, and thus maximally robust to noise. We show that our predictions successfully capture the qualitative behaviour of performance in non-linear networks. Moreover, we find that the relationship between internal representations and performance can be further exploited in trained non-linear networks to explain behaviours which do not have a linear counterpart. Our results indicate that a major determinant of learning success is the quality of the internal representation of the target, which in turn is shaped by an interplay between parameters controlling the internal network and those defining the task.


ABSTRACT Ever since Baron Liebig, of Germany, laid the foundations of organic chemistry by his two essays read before the British Medical Association—one on "Chemistry in its Application to Agriculture and Physiology" in 1840, and the other on "Animal Chemistry as Applied to Physiology and Pathology"in 1842, the assumption that the nitrogenous elements of food were appropriated to the growth and repair of the organized structures of the body and non-nitrogenous elements underwent oxidation or combustion, generating heat, has been accepted and incorporated into all our literature, both professional and nonprofessional. Consequently, the non-nitrogenous proximate elements of our food have been and still are almost universally regarded as fuel for supposed combustion or respiratory food, and not as furnishing material for the growth and repair of organized tissues. This arrangement of food elements into two classes by Liebig and his followers was founded on no experimental proof, but rested solely on


Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) is the largest source of energy consumption. In this research, we discuss cooling load in the room by considering the different heat source and the number of occupancy. Energy cooling load is affected by external and internal heat sources. External cooling load in this discussion include convection outdoor/exterior using the DOE-2 algorithm, calculation of heat using Thermal Analysis Research Program (TARP), and Conduction Transfer Function (CTF). The internal cooling load is calculated based on the activity of the occupants in the office, a number of occupants, heat gain from lighting, and heat gain from electrics equipment. Weather data used is Surakarta weather and design day used is Jakarta design day. We use the ASHRAE standard for building materials and the metabolic of occupants while on the activity. The results show that the number of occupancies have an influence of cooling load. A large number of occupancy will cause the cooling load is great as well.


Elevated depositions of non-marine sulphate (SO42-) and inorganic nitrogen (N), as a consequence of air pollution, resulted in a progressive acidification and eutrophication of Flemish forests. Since the 1980s emission abatement reduced the acidifying and eutrophying emissions and depositions in Flanders. This thesis aimed to evaluate the impact of the evolution in depositions on soil solution chemistry, using long-term data collected in 5 plots of the ICP Forests monitoring (Level II) network in Flanders. The sharp decrease of SO42- and ammonium (NH4+) depositions made that abiotic N status started to improve and acidification slowed down during the past two decades. However, N depositions are still far above the critical loads for ectomycorrhiza and epiphytic lichens. Given the still very low soil pH (3.5‒4.5) unfavourable for microbial life, the generally observed tendency of increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) mobility is likely a direct result of lowered ionic strength and partly rise in pH. Abiotic recovery is delayed by a simultaneous decrease in the deposition of base cations (Ca2+, K+ and Mg2+) and SO42- desorption. Biotic recovery is lagging behind on the changes in soil solution chemistry, as indicated by the stable but unbalanced tree mineral nutrition. Acidification and eutrophication will likely continue to produce after-effects for many decades. The results from this thesis indicate that the Programmatic Approach to Nitrogen (PAS) is partly missing its target for oxidized N compounds and that extra measures will be necessary to bring NOx emissions at an acceptable level.


Objective:To develop high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method for the content determination of raceanisodamine in Raceanisodamine Mixture.Methods:HPLC was adopted with Spherigel C_(18)(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm) column.An aqueous solution containing Methamol-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate(22:78).Flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. The detective wavelength was 217 nm.Results:The linear range of raceanisodamine was 20.0-80.0μg/ml(r=0.999 4).The average recovery was 100.4% with RSD of 0.27%.Conclusion:This method is easy,fast,accurate and reliable.It can be used for the quality control of Raceanisodamine Mixture.


Some Portuguese verbs have two different past participles, such as, e.g., aceitar 'accept', with participles aceitado and aceito ; and limpar 'clean', with limpado and limpo . The first one in each pair mentioned is thematic, whereas the second one is athematic. While regular thematic participles all bear stress on the theme vowel, these athematic participles all bear the primary stress on the athematic stem. As the morphosyntactic category first person singular present indicative (1spi) is realized by {-o}, it normally coincides the masculine form of this athematic participle, giving rise to a syncretism between 1spi and the participle. The aim of this paper is to track the appearance of this kind of participle and the resulting syncretism in Portuguese and the changes making it possible for new participles to be formed in this way in colloquial Brazilian Portuguese.