Pandemics have been there since the start of human civilisation. Every pandemic event has its own unique identity; yet similarities are there. To understand in quick time the cataclysmic unfolding and the human response of the recent COVID 19 pandemic, it is imperative we take lessons from historical case studies and constructs identified therein. This can show the gaps in our response and help us prepare better for future events. The unique power of history to cater all kinds of population, from scholars to general public, can be used as an effective public health tool in this context.


We tested whether adoptive parenting played a role in the association between pre-adoption experiences and children's adaptive (responsiveness) and maladaptive (internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems, attention and sleep problems) behavioral adjustment over time. Ten-year-old girls, adopted at 13 months from institutional care (n = 50) or foster care (n = 42) in China to the Netherlands, participated 2 months (Time 1, N = 92), 6 months (Time 2, N = 92), and 9 years after adoption (Time 3, N = 87). At Times 1 and 2, the adoptees showed significantly fewer behavioral problems in many areas than non-adopted youth, with medium to large effect sizes. At Time 3, the adoptees showed similar rates of behavioral problems as non-adopted youth, with the exception of somewhat elevated levels of internalizing problems. Pre-adoption experiences were not associated with their behavioral adjustment. Furthermore, adoptive parenting did not moderate the association between pre-adoption experiences and behavioral adjustment over time. Nevertheless, the finding that the adoptees generally did not show above-average levels of behavioral problems illustrates that adoption had a positive impact on their development.


In this paper, a class of sequential multi-proxy signature schemes are attacked. It includes existential forgery attack. The scheme has many shortcomings. A new enhanced and can resist forgery attack sequential multi signature scheme is proposed, which based on the improved of the original scheme. The new scheme improved the parameters of the original scheme, improved parameter improve the shortcomings of the scheme, which set reasonable, it is correct.


A cluster-effective-field theory, called the double-cluster approximation, is formulated for quantum spin systems at T=0. Combining this approximation with the coherent-anomaly method (CAM), critical phenomena in such systems can be analysed. To test their theory, the authors have estimated the critical points and critical exponents of the one-dimensional S=1/2 transverse Ising model and the one-dimensional S=1/2 XZ model. The estimates are in good agreement with the exact solutions. These results show that the CAM approach is useful in treating zero-temperature phase transitions in quantum spin systems.


In this work, atmospheric plasma spraying was used to deposit an equiatomic AlCoCrFeNiTi high-entropy alloy (HEA) coating with a thickness of 236 μm, a porosity of 1.6%, and an adhesive strength of 50.3 MPa. The as-sprayed coating mainly contained BCC1 and BCC2 phases, with only a trace amount of the FCC phase. Microhardness was four times that of 316 stainless steel and the volume wear rate at room temperature was one-fourth that of the substrate material. The wear rate decreased with increasing temperature from 25°C to 700°C, then increased from 700°C to 900°C. Over that range, the wear mechanism changed from delamination wear to oxidation and adhesion wear.


Stenotic or occlusive (two different techniques) lesions were surgically induced in the canine common carotid artery. The lesions were evaluated angiographically prior to as well as after laser angiosurgery (LAS). LAS was performed in 30 dogs using a continuous wave (CW) argon ion laser (Innova 20) coupled to a multifiber, quartz-shielded, fiberoptic catheter. Successful removal of lesion tissue was achieved in 89% of the animals with stenoses and in 40% and 82% in each of the two groups of dogs with occlusions. In the latter two groups, perforation of the vessel wall during LAS was encountered in 60% and 18%, respectively. No perforations occurred in the stenotic animals, where long-term follow-up was possible for up to 60 days with a patency rate of 63% and morphological evidence of excellent healing with complete reendothelialization.


e14167 Background: Multidisciplinary treatment in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is standard in modern oncology. However, for interdisciplinary discussion assessing complimentary ...


Introduction Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a major complication in paediatric solid organ transplantation (SOT) with poor survival rates reported at 50-80%. Less aggressive subtypes, such as early lesions and polymorphic PTLD, may respond to reduction of immunosuppression (RIS) alone. In contrast, monomorphic PTLD tends to be more advanced at presentation requiring further therapy such as rituximab (RTX), cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) and/or chemotherapy. This study aims to review a single-centre experience focusing on the treatment outcome and long-term prognosis of monomorphic PTLD (M-PTLD) in comparison with other PTLD (O-PTLD) subtypes. Materials and Methods Paediatric SOT patients diagnosed with PTLD from 1989-2016 were retrospectively reviewed. PTLD was diagnosed on tissue biopsy and classified as early lesion, polymorphic, monomorphic or Hodgkin's subtypes based on established World Health Organisation histology criteria. Treatment protocol consisted of RIS as initial treatment. RTX was introduced to the treatment protocol since year 2000. CTL was available in 1999-2004 as part of a research trial, and since 2011 as approved treatment for PTLD. Results Total of 37 patients were identified with median follow-up duration of 8 years (range: 1-25). Twenty-two had isolated liver (LTx), 1 had combined kidney and LTx, and 14 had intestinal transplantation with or without combined LTx. Median ages at transplant and PTLD diagnosis were 19 months (range: 6-129) and 35 months (range: 11-178) respectively. Median interval from transplant to PTLD was 6 months (range: 2–107). Most common histologic subtype was monomorphic (n=18), followed by early lesion (n=10), polymorphic (n=8) and Hodgkin's type (n=1). There was no difference in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serostatus at transplant or prior history of allograft rejection or sepsis between patients with M-PTLD versus O-PTLD. M-PTLD were more likely to present with multiple organ involvement compared to O-PTLD (67% vs 26%, p=0.014). Remission was achieved with RIS alone in 47% of patients with O-PTLD, as compared to 11% with M-PTLD (p=0.016). M-PTLD was associated with poorer overall remission rate at 6 months (67% vs 95%, p=0.029), and lower 2-year (59% vs 89%, p=0.042) and 5-year (47% vs 89%, p=0.009) survival rates compared to O-PTLD. At last follow-up, 44% of patients with M-PTLD were alive, as compared to 90% of other subtypes (p=0.003). While introduction of RTX did not appear to improve outcome, there is a significant trend towards improved survival rates in M-PTLD in association with the availability of CTL therapy. Better remission rates were achieved in CTL (86%) in M-PTLD as compared to RTX (44%). Figure. No caption available. Figure. No caption available. Conclusion M-PTLD is associated with more advanced disease and significantly poorer prognosis in paediatric SOT patients in comparison to other histologic subtypes. CTL therapy, where available, may offer a better remission rate and improve overall survival in M-PTLD.


This work employs qualitative techniques and a case of study in Spain to analyse the main life models of rural women today. More evident patterns can be grouped into two blocks. First, patterns implying local trajectories anchored at the rural world and the maintenance of gender roles, although showing important divergences regarding social and economic participation according to a generational component. Second, models connected with urban experiences that suppose updated socio-cultural frameworks, higher education level, and which could promote socioeconomic initiatives and help to fix the population.


Little attention has been given to the possibility that CDS transactions might be construed as insurance contracts in English law. This article challenges the widespread "Potts opinion", which states that CDSs are not insurance, because they do not require the protection buyer to sustain a loss or to have an insurable interest in the subject matter. CDSs often do provide protection against loss that the buyer is exposed to; loss indemnity is not a necessary characterisation of an insurance contract; insurable interest does not form part of the definition of insurance, but is an additional requirement of valid insurance; and what matters is the substance not the form of the contract. The situation in the US and Australia is also briefly considered. It is normally thought that credit default swaps (CDSs) are not insurance contracts, but careful analysis reveals major weaknesses in this position. Whether or not CDSs are insurance is an issue of significant implications. If a court would answer that question in the affirmative, many outstanding CDS contracts might be null and void, and possibly illegal.1 There would also be other implications such as those concerning accounting rules, taxation, reserves regulation and the doctrine of utmost good faith. This article challenges the well-known "Potts opinion", which says that CDSs are not insurance in English law. London is a leading centre of CDS contracting activity and a large part of the business is documented under English law. Much of the analysis can be applied to other jurisdictions too, but there are also differences. The article does not discuss the broader question of whether or not CDS contracts should be defined and regulated as insurance by way of specific legislation; nor does it investigate the extent to which the same analysis can be applied to other types of credit derivatives.


This paper describes a practical, appropriate methodology for utilizing neutron meter soil moisture measurements to provide irrigation management information to farmers. A neutron meter was used to provide weekly updated soil moisture data which, when coupled with moisture depletion projections based on weather observations, was the basis for an irrigation scheduling effort. The monitoring service was applied to large irrigated areas with limited man power and equipment. Practical approaches to neutron probe access tube installation techniques, site calibration, field placement, data collection, and data delivery were developed and implemented during the program.


This dissertation focuses on the global classical solution of one-dimensional combustion free boundary problem.It consists of two sectoins.The existence and uniqueness of classical solution globally in time is obtained by the use of fixed point theorem.


The present invention relates to an intravaginal delivery system, it said system is composed of one core and comprises the at least one compartment, which surrounds the core comprises one membrane, wherein the core and the membrane essentially the same or a different polymer composition by do. In addition, the intravaginal delivery system comprises a coupling means so as to form a continuous closed delivery system. The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the intravaginal delivery system. Preferably in the core and / or the membrane are prepared by injection molding or extrusion method.


Brierley et all initially described 3 cases of subacute encephalitis, resembling limbic encephalitis. Two of these patients did not show any detectable neoplasm, and the authors concluded that this condition was not necessarily associated with malignancy. Subsequently, however, there have been multiple case reports of limbic encephalitis associated with neoplasm, and the entity is now commonly considered a paraneoplastic syndrome.2.3 We describe a 59-year-old man who developed limbic encephalitis in association with a benign thymoma. This represents the 1st report of limbic encephalitis associated with a benign thymoma or other benign neoplasm. Despite complete removal of the thymoma, inexorably progressive neurologic deterioration resulted in death. Case report. A 59-year-old man was evaluated for a progressive alteration in mental status of 7 months' duration that consisted of confusion, hypersomnolence intermixed with agitation, memory deficits, and depression. Generalized malaise and weakness accompanied a 25-pound weight loss. A benign thymoma discovered by chest x-ray had been removed surgically 2 months prior to admission. General physical examination was normal. He was awake and alert, but oriented to name and date only. His speech was rambling but without anomia. He was unable to write his name, copy a figure, or do simple calculations. Digit span was 4 forward and 2 backward, and memory for recent events was poor. Cranial nerve examination, muscle tone and strength, and sensory perception were normal. Muscle stretch reflexes were hyperactive and the plantar responses were bilaterally extensor. Snout, grasp, and palmomenta1 reflexes were present. Truncal ataxia, without appendicular ataxia, was noted. CT and MRI of the brain and 4-vessel cerebral arteriogram were normal. Lumbar puncture revealed clear CSF with 13 mononuclear white cells per 1111113, protein 100 mg/dl, glucose 47 mg/dl, negative viral and bacterial cultures, and negative VDRL. All other laboratory study findings were unremarkable, including sedimentation rate, serum FTA-ABS, thyroid function, antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, complement studies, heavy metal screen, carcinoembryonic antigen, folic acid, vitamin B,,, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody, and lymphocyte subsets. An EEG showed background activity of the theta frequency with frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity. A left temporal lobe brain biopsy (figure) revealed perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates affecting both gray and white matter and occasional microglial nodules. No inclusion


Would the third-wave democracies have been democratized without prior modernization? What proportion of the past militarized disputes between nondemocracies would have been prevented had those dyads been democratic? Although political scientists often ask these questions of causal attribution, existing quantitative methods fail to address them. This article proposes an alternative statistical methodology based on the widely accepted counterfactual framework of causal inference. The contribution of this article is threefold. First, it clarifies differences between causal attribution and causal effects by specifying the type of research questions to which each quantity is relevant. Second, it provides a clear resolution of the long-standing methodological debate on "selection on the dependent variable." Third, the article derives new nonparametric identification results, showing that the complier probability of causal attribution can be identified using an instrumental variable. The proposed framework is illustrated via empirical examples from three subfields of political science.


As thirdand fourth-year medical students respectively, we are both interested in a career in general practice (GP). We recently read the article 'Do primary care placements influence career choice: What is the evidence?' by Amin et al. [1] which addresses the problem of fewer medical graduates now choosing GP as a career. The article refers to the recent Career Destination Report which reported that only 20% of the graduates intend to pursue GP, 30% less than the Department of Health's targets [2]. We write to offer our perspective on this problem based on our medical school experiences. These include a variety of educational formats in primary care. The article discusses how longitudinal placements, compared with traditional block placements (TBP), positively influence medical students to pursue a career in GP. The article concluded that longitudinal placements were superior. To address the recruitment problem, placements needed to be of sufficient quality, quantity and duration. At Warwick medical school, we are fortunate enough to experience both formats; a longitudinal placement, one day a week across 30 weeks, and, in final year, a TBP of 6 weeks. Although we agree with the article's final conclusion, we propose that, from our own experiences, the quality of placement is the most important factor in encouraging an interest in a career in GP in our fellow undergraduates. When we reflect on which placement was better, the length of time has less bearing; instead we remember the patients we saw, the opportunities offered, and the educational supervision provided. Regardless of the block duration, patient interaction in primary care varied greatly from practice to practice. On many placements, clinics run by medical students are 'filtered' to only include patients with very minor ailments. This reduces the diversity of cases and contributes towards the perception of GP as being monotonous. In contrast, when we have been given the chance to experience complex or emergency cases this was more helpful for our learning and encouraged greater interest in a career in GP. An argument put forward by M Amin et al. [1] is that GP is seen as isolating. Although we agree that some students may find it geographically and socially isolating, we believe the perceived separation from hospital medicine makes a far greater contribution to the pursuit of a career elsewhere. In placements that provided an opportunity to follow general practitioners who integrated their work with hospital medicine, for example working a day a week in A + E or performing minor surgeries, made us aware of the possibility to link the two. Demonstrating this in undergraduate placements will help bridge the gap between stereotypical 'GP land' and hospital medicine. This is supported by Nicholson et al [3] who in a focus group study found that students were put off a career in GP due to its isolation from hospital medicine. However, they showed that students who had the opportunity to work in a multiple disciplinary team and collaborate with other specialities in hospital medicine valued a GP career far more. Finally, when we reflect on our GP placements, the quality of the teaching had a major effect on our opinions of GP. If the teaching did not reflect our curriculum or the general practitioner lacked enthusiasm, an extended length of placement would most likely negatively influence our thoughts of becoming a general practitioner. We can learn much from Henderson et al. [4] who showed that a general practitioner's teaching is enhanced by working closely with the academic institution and in a practice that positively fosters a teaching culture for both general practitioner and student. If practices focus on these factors, improving the teaching experience may greatly benefit the GP recruitment problem. Yours sincerely


In the interest of learning from a unique and devastating disaster, this paper develops a conceptualisation of generalisation as a communicative process. Growing from the author's experience of conducting and communicating an ethnographic case study of the community response to the Grenfell Tower disaster, a tower block fire which traumatised a West London community, and has been widely labelled an 'unprecedented' event, the paper considers ways of developing knowledge with wider application from this unique case. 'Communicative generalisation' is concerned with the significance of knowledge to epistemic communities rather than abstract universal truth. Four modes of communicative generalisation are explored. By elaborating the multi-perspectival nature of a case and its relation to its context, case studies may enrich readers' generalised other. Case studies may address an epistemic community by problematising a taken-for-granted situation or theory. A case study can extend the situations to which it may transfer by multiplying its audiences, and thus forcing its authors to take multiple perspectives. It can also extend its meaningfulness by multiplying speakers, facilitating expressions of diverse perspectives on the case. 'Communicative generalisation' distributes the agency of generalisation among authors, cases and audiences. This redistribution has implications for the politics and temporality of generalisation.


In this paper are presented some pros and cons argues for a good leasing compared to buying a bank loan contracting. The most telling example would be when buying a car. When purchasing a car, variants that the buyer has available are credits, leasing or cash, each having advantages and drawbacks. There will be presented some advantages, disadvantages, and forms of ownership of property acquired through the two methods of financing. In the paper used and analysed data from the statistics of the Association of Leasing Companies in Romania (ASLR).


Conventional methods of pattern recognition for partial discharge(PD)information in gas insulated switchgear(GIS)have many shortcomings,such as low recognition accuracy,high feature dimension,insufficient utilization of information,and so on.To overcome these shortcomings,on the basis of the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory,we introduced the fusion decision diagnosis of the signal analysis models of time-resolved partial discharge and phase-resolved partial discharge into the fault analysis of GIS,and achieved the comprehensive recognition of insulation defects in GIS.Further simulation and experiments show that,using the proposed method is able to make full use of effective information in recognitions and provide descriptions of all the information by regulations while having a superior ability to avoid misdiagnosis.Analyzing four typical defects shows that the comprehensive recognition rates of the two analysis modes are both above 80% accompanied with excellent complementary capability.In conclusion,the method reduces the dimension of defect features and improves the recognition accuracy.


Emotion recognition in conversations is essential for ensuring advanced human-machine interactions. However, creating robust and accurate emotion recognition systems in real life is challenging, mainly due to the scarcity of emotion datasets collected in the wild and the inability to take into account the dialogue context. The CEMO dataset, composed of conversations between agents and patients during emergency calls to a French call center, fills this gap. The nature of these interactions highlights the role of the conversation's emotional flow in predicting patient emotions, as context can often make a difference in understanding observed emotional expressions. This paper presents a multi-scale conversational context learning approach for speech emotion recognition, which takes advantage of this hypothesis. We investigated this approach on both speech transcriptions and acoustic segments. Experimentally, our method uses the previous or next information of the targeted segment. In the text domain, we tested the context window using a wide range of tokens (from 10 to 100) and at the speech turns level, considering inputs from both the same and opposing speakers. According to our tests, the context derived from previous tokens has a more significant influence on accurate prediction than the following tokens. Furthermore, taking the last speech turn of the same speaker in the conversation seems useful. In the acoustic domain, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the impact of the surrounding emotions on the prediction. While multi-scale conversational context learning using Transformers can enhance performance in the textual modality for emergency call recordings, incorporating acoustic context is more challenging.


It is unreasonable that the structure of the finance system of our country. This kind of situation makes the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in an awkward condition, that is the financing channel of the state-run commercial bank stops up, and at the same time the financing channel of non-state-owned pet bank is narrow. In addition, corresponding system of the financial institutions exists problems, and the development of capital market is bad, all of these made the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises more difficult. This text advised that building multi-level and multi-form bank pay service system, perfecting and innovating the financial method of service constantly according to the characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises, and expand the financing channel on the capital market of small and medium-sized enterprises actively.


This thesis is an investigation of how natural language generation can take advantage of the ways that language use goes beyond simple, straightforward transmission of information. The two main contributions of the work are the use of annotations to relate linguistic choice to text planning and the use of perspective to model dependence and effects on attitude and context. Placing annotations on linguistic options allow the text planner to detect and respond to interactions between linguistic choices and the communicative plan driving those choices, without conflating the planning and linguistic levels of decision-making. The explicit modeling of perspective and perspective shifts allows the perspective to influence the generator's choices; in particular, the generator can take into account the ways that particular linguistic choices can affect or alter the subsequent perspective. The use of these techniques has been demonstrated in the IGEN implementation, resulting in a generator that can take advantage of the flexibility of natural language to frame its output in a way that reinforces the underlying goals driving the generation.


ABSTRAK Objectives: To present three cases of young women with suspected ovarian malignancy with the aim to evaluate the role of intraoperative frozen section in suspected malignant ovarian neoplasms in women with young age. Case Report: Mrs. M, 25 years old, is a nullipara with a history of fertility treatment. She presented with bilateral ovarian cysts suspected to be malignant and an elevated CA-125 level. Intraoperative frozen section showed borderline ovarian tumor, allowing for conservative management. Mrs. A, 32-years old, with right cystic ovarian neoplasm suspected to be malignant and elevated CA-125. Frozen section showed results of cystadenocarcinoma, patient's family was informed of the result during the surgery and the operator continued to manage the patient conservatively. Ms. N, 27 years old, was referred with suspected ovarian malignancy and the differential diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis. Frozen section confirmed the presence of tuberculosis infection, and the patient was managed accordingly. Conclusion: Despite conservative management being top priority treatment in young-aged women with ovarian neoplasm, additional information of frozen section allows for more accurate management.


The performance and fault tolerance are two very crucial factors in designing interconnection networks for a multiprocessor system. A new type of MIN, Fault Tolerant Advanced Omega network, which using 4×4. switches, is proposed on the basis of the idea of the Delta network and the Omega network. In this paper, it is proved that 4×4. switches have the better performance/cost ratios than 2×2. switches based on the current level of the VLSI technology. This paper expounds its topological properties and routing algorithm and makes performance/cost ratios comparisons. The mathematical analysis approach is used here to find the probability of acceptance and bandwidth with change in traffic. Furthermore reliability analysis of Fault-Tolerant Advanced Omega Network (FTAON) is discussed in detail, It is seen that FTAON is more reliable and cost effective than other previously proposed MINs of similar class. It has been also observed that it has fault tolerant and nonblocking capability in complex parallel systems.


The understanding of the senior as social being inserted in the family and in the community in general, is indispensable to the physiotherapist for your professional performance, in order to contemplate the expectations and expressive demands recurrent of the population demographic alterations and subjects of social, cultural and epidemic order. The National Curricular Guidelines of the graduation course in Physiotherapy orientate and guide the elaboration of the pedagogical project that should contemplate the specificities of the effective reality, among them the oldness. The demographic transition, in view of the increasing senior population, generates great challenges for professionals of all the areas, besides the physiotherapists whose formation needs to assist these necessities. The gerontology, as area of knowledge, offers subsidies to these professionals for the demystification of the oldness, through the scientific interpretation of the facts, answering to the countless subjects pertinent to the longevity and the aging, recurrent of the transformation process for which we go through. The accomplished research had as objective to verify the knowledge of the students of the discipline of Gerontology of the Physiotherapy Course of the State University of the West of Parana - UNIOESTE, on gerontology, aging and oldness, in view of contributing for the evaluation and reformulation of the programs of these professionals' formation, so that they are better based and prepared to accomplish their work in association with senior people. The results of this research allow us to reinforce the idea of the gerontologist formation necessity for physiotherapists, how to point out for the possibility of other interventions and attendances to the senior, since that these professionals are qualified properly. We should assume the necessity of studying forms of improving (enriching) the professionals' formation.


Key institutions of the pre-modern Middle Eastern economy, all grounded in Islamic law, blocked the development of democratic institutions. This talk identifies three mechanisms that played critical roles. Islam's original tax system failed to produce lasting and credible constraints on governance. The waqfs (Islamic trusts) founded to provide social services to designated constituencies were politically powerless. Profit-making private enterprises remained small and ephemeral, hindering the formation of stable coalitions capable of bargaining with the state. The last two mechanisms jointly delayed the rise of a civil society able to provide the checks and balances essential to democratic rule.


A major concern in using electron‐beam exposure for defining patterns by direct write on wafers is throughput, given the high cost of an electron‐beam lithography tool capable of writing and registering submicron features. Certain optical photoresists have electron‐beam sensitivities more than an order of magnitude greater than the polymethylmethacrylate resists typically used for submicron pattern definition. It is desirable, however, to have resist sensitivity several times greater than this (on the order of 10−6 C/cm2) for efficient exposure of complex patterns over large areas of a wafer. Sensitization of optical resists with certain nitrogen heterocycles has been found to produce an increase in sensitivity to electron‐beam exposure by up to a factor of 3. We have studied resist sensitization using several optical resists and sensitizers, with resulting electron‐beam sensitivities as high as 1.4×10−6 C/cm2. Evidence for reaction between the resist and sensitizer prior to electron‐beam exposure has bee...


Two disability insurance schemes are now running in WA with the start of the National Disability Insurance Scheme in selected areas of Perth.


Through theoretical investigation on the nonvolatile holographic storage in photochromic LiNbO 3 ∶Fe∶Mn, we have found self-enhancement effect caused by beam-coupling effect during both recording and optical fixing phases, and proceeded a steady-state analysis and a numerical simulation about the effect. The experimental results obtained by self-enhancement and self-depletion are consistent with the theoretical analysis. From the theoretical and experimental studies, it is seen that the highest diffraction efficiency available from the self-enhancement during both the recording and fixing phases may be twice as large as the lowest one from the self-depletion. It demonstrates that self-enhancement effect has to be considered and utilized in practical applications for nonvolatile holographic storage. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to report the relevant results.


Obstructive sleep apnea, is, in fact, an extreme case of snoring. Snoring can result in minor, serious, and sometimes fatal conditions. The social aspects of snoring can be psychologically damaging and disruptive to the family life of the patient. The damaging effects of a snoring condition can be prevented. During routine physical examinations, physicians need to be alert for airway obstruction and take thorough histories to document presence or absence of sleep dysfunctions. Surgical or medical management of snoring provides relief to a vast majority of patients.


Plastic anisotropic behavior after strain-path changes (SPCs) has been successfully predicted for steel and aluminium, respectively, by two recently proposed constitutive models. The two models are significantly different both with respect to the mathematical formulations and the physical meaning of the internal variables employed. The current work presents a comparison of the two models with respect to predicting the behavior of cast and homogenized aluminium AA1050. It is concluded that both models can capture nearly all the features of the material when subjected to reverse and orthogonal SPCs. However, there are various differences between the models with respect to prediction of permanent orthogonal softening and transient R-value evolution and the complexity of the parameter identification.


In the present paper we establish an abstract principle of condensation of singularities for families consisting of set-valued mappings. By using it as a basic tool, the condensation of the singularities and the equicontinuity of certain families of generalized convex set-valued mappings are studied. In particular, a principle of condensation of the singularities of families of closed convex processes is derived. This principle immediately yields the uniform boundedness theorem stated in [1, Theorem 2.3.1].


FIELD: hygiene. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions refers to the field of oral hygiene products and methods of using them. Present tooth whitening composition for oral hygiene includes: (I) flakes of a water-soluble whitening film that includes (a) a film forming polymer containing hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, a viscosity of 2 % solution at 20 °C and 10 s -1 which is 4–6 MPa⋅s, as measured using a Ubbelohde capillary viscometer; and (b) a pigment of blue or bluish-violet color, with a color tone in the CIELAB system ranging from 220 to 320 degrees; and (II) an orally acceptable carrier. And the particle size of the film flakes is such that more than 90 % of the particles pass through a 30–50 mesh filter. Method for temporary whitening of teeth is also provided, comprising applying an effective amount of the above composition to the oral cavity of a subject to which this is required. EFFECT: use of a group of inventions ensures the effective deposition of said pigment on the surface of the teeth, which leads to an increase in whiteness of the teeth. 14 cl, 6 tbl, 3 ex


Introduction Key characteristics of musculoskeletal pain are (i) referred pain to distant somatic structures, (ii) deep-tissue hyperalgesia (general and localized), (iii) the transition from acute to chronic pain, and (iv) disturbed muscle function. Reliable methods for quantitative assessment of musculoskeletal characteristics are available that provide clinical mechanistic and quantitative information that allows clinicians to revise and optimize their treatment plans. In addition, these methods can give information on the mode of action of analgesic compounds that are under development or are currently used for treatment.


Theoretical and experimental studies of double phase conjugation of two nearly opposite optical beams in a nematic liquid crystal with thermal optical nonlinearity are presented. A theoretical model describing wave coupling and interactions with the material is applied to define conditions for thermal-nonlinearity double phase conjugation. Experimentally, double phase conjugation of two independent laser beams at 1500 nm has been demonstrated in a stack of nematic liquid crystal layers with absorptive coatings on layer's walls. The experimental observations have been in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Signal transmission, beam-jitter compensation and beam tracking, realized with a double phase-conjugation mirror, have been demonstrated in a modeling experiment using simulated transmitters' movements.


Co2FeAl (CFA) thin films of various thicknesses (2 nm ≤ d ≤ 50 nm) have been grown on (001) MgO single crystal substrates and then capped with Cr, V, and Ta. Their magnetic and structural properties have been studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry, and broadband microstrip ferromagnetic resonance (MS-FMR). The XRD revealed that the films are epitaxial with the cubic [001] CFA axis normal to the substrate plane and that the chemical order varies from the B2 phase to the A2 phase when decreasing the thickness. The deduced lattice parameters showed that the Cr-capped films exhibit a larger tetragonal distortion, as compared with the films capped with V or Ta. The presence of magnetic dead layers has been observed in CFA samples capped with V and Ta but not in the case of the Cr-capped ones. The effective magnetization, deduced from the fit of MS-FMR measurements, increases (decreases) linearly with the CFA inverse thickness (1/d) for the Cr-capped (Ta-capped) films while it is cons...


The effect of the federal interest rate hike on capital flow in emerging market has become a popular but controversial topic. This paper reviewed the different characteristic of the fluctuation of the capital flow in emerging market during each federal interest cycle since 1980 s,and explained the different characteristics using the pull-push framework. Currently,U. S. economic growth rate is declining,and the decline in equilibrium interest rate has slowed down the interest rate hike,the factor that pulls the capital back is not so strong in U. S.; the macroeconomic risk of emerging markets is under control; however,the economic growth rate of some emerging market countries has dropped dramatically,its influence deserves more attention.


The taxonomic status of Rhizobium nodulating Galega sp. is poorly defined. Earlier reports suggest that the rhizobia infecting G. officinalis should be included in the R. leguminosarum species or in the "fast-growing lupin – cowpea complex." Therefore organisms nodulating G. orientalis and G. officinalis were studied using cross nodulation, DNA homology, and phage typing. No cross-nodulation relationship between the Galega rhizobia and rhizobial strains from the major taxonomic groups was found. The mean relative DNA homology of 10 strains of Rhizobium nodulating Galega with reference DNA from strain HAMBI 540, which forms effective nodules on G. orientalis, was 77 ± 9%, compared with 19 ± 6% for 20 strains from other host plants. The Galega rhizobia formed a unique phage-typing group, not related to the major groups of fast growers, in agreement with the DNA homology and cross-nodulation results. These data indicate that the Galega rhizobia form a specific taxonomic group within the genus Rhizobium.


In coastal environment, the availability of good quality surface water draws significance because of salinity problems that mainly arise because of salt-water intrusion and tidal flow. The temporal extent of salinity and dynamics of surface water through a lake are basic information needed for water resources management. In this study, a coupled mathematical model for water and salt balance has been presented to simulate the bank storage, outflow and outflow salt concentration. The model has been applied to the lake Flat bay, situated on the northern side of Port Blair in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Water and salt budgets are used to predict the behaviour of this natural lake in terms of both quality and quantity. Convolution relation is used to simplify the mathematics of bay-bank interaction for estimating bank storage flow. Flow in and out of the aquifer at the bay bank is determined for the semi-infinite aquifer for different aquifer parameters to investigate the sensitivity of the bank storage flow. The model developed herein will be an efficient tool for appropriate development of coastal bays and reservoir regulation strategies to meet the fresh water demand in coastal areas and also to ensure appropriate management of water resources in terms of both quality and quantity.


This paper shows the two different routes to chaos obtained in a varactor-based frequency doubler when using two different topologies for the input filter. The analysis of both routes to chaos, carried out in both frequency and time domain, has enabled an evaluation of the capabilities of the state-of-the-art harmonic balance technique in comparison with time domain methods. The good agreement shows the harmonic balance potential for the prediction of the initial bifurcations in common routes to chaos.


Based on test,the article has analyzed the influence of freeze-thaw cycles to concrete compressive strength, flexural strength and cleavage strength, then approached mechanism of fracture by freeze-thaw on micro-structure. The result indicated that the resistance to freezing and thawing of normal low-strength concrete is very low. Freeze-thaw cycles have important affect to concrete strength.


Objective:To observe the expression of VEGF-C protein in human gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 those transfected by pCI-neo-antisense VEGF-C and investigate whether antisense VEGF-C gene could inhibit the growth of human gastric carcinoma cell line in vitro.Methods:By the liposome infection protocol,We transfected two different plasmids including pCI-neo and pCI-neo antisense VEGF-C into human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 cultured in vitro.Then those resistant clones were selected by G418 and expanded in DMEM culture medium.Then we used Immunohistochemical method and Western-blot to detect target genes and its expression.The cell viability was detected by MTT assay.We took the untransfected group as the control.Results:The immunohistochemical method and Western-blot showed that there were no expression of VEGF-C mRNA and its protein in the group that transfected by plasmid pCI-neo antisense VEGF-C.MTT assay showed that the group of transfected with antisense VEGF-C had a lower cell viability than other groups(P0.05).Conclusion:The target genes were successfully transfected and the expression of VEGF-C mRNA and its protein in SGC-7901 cells could be inhibited by pCI-neo-antisense VEGF-C.The study also showed that antisense VEGF-C gene could suppress the growth of human gastric cells in vitro.These results created the condition for further study of the biologic functions of VEGF-C and gene therapy for gastria carcinoma.


This study aims to systematically evaluate adherence to colonoscopy and related factors in cascade screening of colorectal cancer (CRC) among average‐risk populations, which is crucial to achieve the effectiveness of CRC screening.


Results: In good insight group, the sensitivity of AUDIT and CAGE identified 96.9% and 96.9% of the participants as alcohol dependence, respectively. In fair insight group, those were 92.7% and 96.4%, respectively. However, in poor insight group, these decreased substantially to 62.9% and 65.7%, respectively. After adjusting for general characteristics on the basis of good insight group, we found that the possibility of positive on the AUDIT was significantly lower in poor insight group (Odd ratios [OR], 0.025; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.002 to 0.411). Also, the possibility of positive on the CAGE was significantly lower in poor insight group (OR, 0.016; 95% CI, 0.001 to 0.358). Conclusion: Alcohol-dependent patients with poor insight showed a high rate of false negatives in alcoholism screening tests. These suggest that primary care physicians should be careful in interpreting the results of alcoholism screening tests.


In the breeding evaluation of Icelandic horses there are eight breeding goals that refer to conformation, for example head carriage. Genetic evaluation of the horse is an important part for succeeding with breeding goals and this information is taken from assessments from breeding field tests, including conformation of the horses. These assessments can then be used for retrieving an estimated breeding value (EBV) through Best Linear Unbiased Prediction method (BLUP) with a multivariate animal model.
With this in mind a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) was done, primarily focus set on the follow-up of results from previous studies (Shrestha et al. unpublished; Wellbring 2011) and the same material was used as the previous study used, horse owner information and genotypes as well as head morphology and body length as phenotypes. However, one distinct difference was made for this study, this time direct measurements were used instead of EBV´s when using the traits head morphology and body length. Direct measurements give more accuracy than EBV´s as traits within association studies. Direct phenotypes were collected with a questionnaire which was sent out to the 178 Icelandic horse owners. To further follow up the results from the previous study, a secondary study was done through t-tests. For the GWAS analysis, chosen phenotypes from the questionnaire were picked out and the results gave significant associations to the following phenotypes: appearance of jaws, muzzle circumference, jawbone circumference and head length) and one borderline significant association (height at withers). From the secondary study one significant p-value was obtained when comparing means for measurements on genotype GG/AA in the t-test for group 1 (body length: Chromosome 1). The significant p-value was 0.007 and where the mean also was 143.213.


Adolescent addiction to Internet is becoming an increasingly serious social problem.The article first discusses the harmful effects of Adolescent Internet Addiction Disorder and then analyses this syndrome in terms of its definition,type, cause and frequency.Based on a study of the underlying cause of adolescent Internet addiction from the aspects of psychology and physiology,family and school education,and social influence,the article proposesa blueprint for coping with adolescent addiction to Internet,with professional educators playing a leading role and various communities coordinating with each other by adopting,among others,legal, administrative,cultural,medical,moral,educational and even economic means.The measures taken highlight an approach to the solution of adolescent Internet addiction that features the concerted efforts of Internet addicts,educators,families,schools and society,which is both theoretically and practically significant to ideological education of adolescents.


The internal management system of Russian higher education has experienced a huge transformation since the collapse of the Soviet Union. A range of governance features can be found in it: Firstly, the trend of legalization has appeared. Federal laws and university charters act as the base of university operation. Secondly,the principles of undivided authority and collegiality are combined. The president directly manages higher schools,while university Conference and University Academic Council assume general leadership on the university. Thirdly, the main body for decision-making has become diversified. Teachers, students, social forces and external actors have begun to participant in university management. Fourthly, the power center has been moving down from the university to the departments,teaching and research divisions.


The UCI dictates that during sanctioned events, the saddle of the bicycle may be at angle of no more than 3° of forward rotation, so as to prevent performance advantages (Rule 1.3.014). This research investigates the effect on performance when rotating the saddle beyond the mandated angle during a laboratory 4km time trial (TT). Eleven competitive male cyclists (age 26±6 (mean±SD) yrs, height 179.2±6.7 cm, body mass 72.5±6.7  kg; VI‡O 2max 70.9±8.6 ml∙kg- 1 ∙min -1 ) completed laboratory 4km TTs using saddle angles of 0°, 3° and 6°. Completion time and mean power were recorded, in addition to lower appendage kinematics, crank torque kinetics and cardiorespiratory responses. There were no significant changes in TT time, power output,  cardiorespiratory variables or crank torque kinetics as a function of saddle angle ( P> 0.05). There were significant effects on minimum and maximum hip angle and the horizontal displacement of the greater trochanter ( P< 0.05). At 6° the maximum hip angle and forward displacement of the greater trochanter was greater compared to 0° and 3°. Minimum hip angle was greater at 6° than 3° ( P< 0.05). In conclusion, contravening UCI rule 1.3.014 by using a saddle angle beyond 3° does not result in performance advantages during a laboratory 4 km. However, tilting the saddle does appear to cause a forward displacement of the pelvis leading to an opening of the hip angle at the top and bottom of the pedal stroke.


The use of agricultural residues for particleboard manufacturing increases their value-add and help meet the growing demand of raw materials for the panel industry. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess the quality of particleboards produced only with sugarcane bagasse or along with Pinus and Eucalyptus wood. The experimental design consisted of 5 treatments: T1) Eucalyptus panels, T2) Pinus panels, T3) sugarcane bagasse panels, T4) 50% Eucalyptus and 50% sugarcane bagasse panels, and T5) 50% Pinus and 50% of sugarcane bagasse panels. For each treatment, three panels were produced using 8% urea-formaldehyde adhesive, with 0.65 g/cm3 apparent density, 160°C pressing temperature, 4 MPa pressure, and 8 min of pressing time. The analyses revealed that use of sugarcane bagasse for particleboard manufacturing resulted in improved water absorption and thickness swelling properties after 2 h of immersion in water. In addition, the panels produced with bagasse only showed significant reductions in the mechanical properties. However, the use of sugarcane bagasse along with Pinus or Eucalyptus wood allowed the manufactured panels to meet all the conditions required by the CS 236-66 [1], ANSI A208.1 [2], and EN 312 [3] standards.


Asthma is a chronic airway inflammation,the main pathological changes includes airway inflammation,smooth muscle dysfunction and airway remodeling.As a pleiotropic cytokine,TGF-β1 involves in airway inflammation response and airway reconstruction through various pathways.This paper reviews the effect and potential mechanism of TGF-β1 in airway inflammation and remodeling.


This paper discuss challenges in automatic testing for object-oriented software including lack of objects, limited constraint solving, and difficulties of object mutation.


The growth of bulk iron silicide by Horizontal Gradient Freeze (HGF) method was achieved using different growth and annealing conditions. Two types of annealing process, in-situ annealing and ex-situ annealing, were examined. Three types of samples were prepared and examined; (i) samples which were not applied any annealing processes, (ii) samples which were applied in-situ annealing, and (iii) samples which were applied both in-situ and ex-situ annealing. The influence of annealing and growth conditions upon the material qualities was examined and discussed, putting special emphasis on the structural properties and electrical properties. Results of the X-ray diffraction revealed that only the in-situ annealing was not sufficient for the peritectic reaction from /spl alpha/+/spl epsi/ eutectic to peritectic /spl beta/-phase. However, it was revealed that, if the ex-situ annealing is applied after the in-situ annealing, the condition of 900/spl deg/C for 200 hours is enough for the ex-situ annealing to obtain almost single /spl beta/-phase. It was also confirmed in the aspect of electrical properties that ex-situ annealing at 900/spl deg/C for 300 hours is enough to realize electrically semiconducting /spl beta/-FeSi/sub 2/. The sample prepared under such a condition exhibited p-type conductivity with hole concentration and hole mobility about 5.68/spl times/10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/ and 1.36 cm/sup 2/Ns, respectively.


This tutorial is an introduction to the basic physics and electronics of passive atomic frequency standards (AFS). A passive AFS is the most common type of atomic clock. It uses a crystal oscillator or other frequency source to excite a passive atomic discriminator that produces a correction signal in a frequency control loop to lock the oscillator to the atomic reference. The crystal oscillator then provides a stable output frequency. The types of atomic resonator (physics package) in these devices include the rubidium gas cell, the cesium beam tube (magnetically selected or laser pumped/detected), the passive hydrogen maser, the trapped mercury ion, cesium or rubidium fountains, several types of optical standards, and, most recently, devices using coherent population trapping, including the chip-scale atomic clock. The rubidium gas cell frequency standard, by far the most widely used such device, will be covered in the most detail.


This manuscript has been removed owing to an apparent copyright violation resulting from a fraudulent submission. The individuals falsely listed as authors were not responsible for its submission and have no knowledge of or involvement in the work presented.


This study aim to develop the potential of local food into functional breakfast cereal products that are high in energy and rich in dietary fiber, as an alternative breakfast food for individuals with diabetes. The sample formulation is a factorial experimental study using a Randomized Block Design. The factors are the proportion of composite flour consisting of black rice, porang, and jack bean flour also the addition of red dragon fruit concentrate based on the total weight of composite flour. The chosen breakfast cereal formulation contains moisture (6.07%bw), ash (4.87%bw), protein (8.68%bw), fat (0.38%bw), and carbohydrate (79.99%bw), and crude fiber (43.49%bw) which meets requirements of breakfast cereal in the SNI. It can be concluded that the chosen breakfast cereal is low fat and high fiber food product. Further research is needed to study the effectivity of chosen breakfast cereal on fasting blood glucose of people with diabetes.


Generally speaking, classifiers xie(些) and dian(点) only involve the unspecified quantities of objects, and can not be used to describe the objects' features and properties. However, when used in reality, xie(些) and dian(点) can co-occur with other classifiers by forming the construction like "(yi) xie(些)/dian(点)+X+N". Since there is a tendency to make the expression alive, vivid and concrete, this new type of construction can be regarded as the result of this tendency. Along with the wide use of this construction, the relation between "(yi) xie(些)/dian(点)" and "X" becomes more and more tight, and starts to fossilized. Especially the classifier "ge (个)", it can appears relatively free in this structure, and the function of "ge(个)" is to make the structure of "(yi) xie(些)/dian(点)+N" discrete. Besides, in some circumstance, "ge(个)" in the structure of "(yi) xie(些)/dian(点)+ge(个)+N"is mandatory in the usage; sentence would be ungrammatical without "ge(个)". Moreover, this paper will discuss the effect of this new construction on "N"and the whole sentence. And also will point out the similarities and differences between "(yi) xie(些)+X+N" and "(yi) dian(点)+X+N".


The following article is the second published report on my ongoing research on the transformation of the global public sphere in relation to terrorism. Thi...


In May 2011 an increasing number of cases with gastroenteric symptoms were reported in German hospitals. The patients showed mainly an onset of vomiting and bloody diarrhoea. Because high numbers of these patients suffered from haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), immediately HUS-inducing Shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli were suspected of causing the outbreak. Shigatoxin-producing E. coli serotype O157:H7 is associated with HUS with a high prevalence worldwide, but also non-O157 serotypes are known to initiate HUS. Characterization of the responsible enteropathogenic E. coli identified it as a novel serotype, which possesses virulence factors combining those from enterohaemorrhagic E. coli and enteroaggregative E. coli. Hitherto available microbiological methods were unsuitable to accurately identify the outbreak. Rapid screening diagnostic methods were essential to ensure timely and appropriate patient management. This short review summarizes the molecular methods to detect E. coli O104:H4 and novel diarrhoeagenic E. coli strains appearing during the outbreak in Germany in 2011.


COMMENT languages began as a result of being hired as a research assistant to copy and sort some of Harrington's notes; the same is true of several other young California specialists I know. All of us have wondered many times about this man whose career has—literally over his dead body—been a major motivating force in our own careers. I do not consider Harrington a genius in the sense of idiosyncratic or paranoic or erratic alluded to by Heizer— a view which he seems to feel is the dominant one among the scholarly community; nor do my colleagues who have worked extensively with the Harrington manuscripts feel this way. We are not blindly worshipping that image of brilliance and eccentricity portrayed on the dust cover of Encounter With An Angry God; that image is meant to sell books to a more general audience, an audience who will never have any more contact with Harrington than that book. The rest of us, whose professional interest must make us grateful for whatever information we can have on groups like the Chumash, Salinan, Costanoan, Yokuts, and all the others Harrington worked with, have the man to thank. We can argue with his ethics, but to what avail unless it teaches us something about the ways in which scholarship is most (and least) productively accomplished? If that is the lesson of Heizer's piece, why teach it with bitterness? University of California Berkeley Comment on A Note on Harrington and Kroeber CATHERINE A. CALLAGHAN Robert F. Heizer's note on Harrington and Kroeber (Winter, 1975) rightly deplores the tendency to equate eccentricity with genius and suggests that we reserve the latter word for those endowed with great creative insights. But my Winston dictionary also defines genius as remarkable natural fitness for some special pursuit, and in this sense, John P. Harrington was fully deserving of the term. Although he had little formal training in phonetics, he possessed an extraordinarily acute ear which enabled him to accurately record literally carloads of material on American Indian languages. I became aware of this accuracy while sorting through his material at the Smithson- ian Institution in 1962. I compared his Karok notes with William Bright's The Karok Language and found extremely close corres- pondence. Other hnguists have given similar testimony. Amerindianists whose research suffered because the Harrington material was unavail- able may wish, along with Dr. Heizer, that he had published more of it during his lifetime. But his genius lay in data collection, not in publication. I found enough material in his archives to compile grammars and dictionaries of nearly a dozen now-extinct Coastal California languages alone. He would never have managed to rescue this large a number if he had taken the time to pubhsh as he went along. His accurate transcriptions are now enabling others to complete the tedious process of systemizing the data. Ohio State University Columbus


Building on and expanding my previous studies (Eun 2018; 2019a; 2019b), I map the terrain of the ongoing debate over various forms of non-Western IR theory-building enterprise and identify what is missing in the overall debate. In this article and the second article which will follow this piece, I follow the convention of using 'IR' to denote the academic discipline of International Relations and 'international relations' to refer to its substantive domain of study (i.e. the practice of global politics). More specifically, in this first short article, I examine whether the reasons given for the need to theorise a "non-Western" IR are well grounded and how we could further galvanise the project. In the second (follow-up) article, I will attempt to show why the ongoing enterprises must refocus their attention, broadening the range of their own questions and undertakings. Here I call our attention to reflexive solidarity. The discussion in the two articles is by no means exhaustive in scope. Nor do I imply that the discussion represents the total view of the non-Western IR communities. Nonetheless, I hope that, despite its necessary brevity, my engagement will be useful for understanding and advancing our debate on non-Western IR theorisation and theoretical diversity in the field.


Two new species of Chonopeltis (Crustacea: Branchiura), parasitic on cyprinid fishes, are described from rivers in the extreme S.W. Cape region of Africa. These emphasize the remarkable nature of the fauna of these rivers, which includes several endemic fishes. Like their hosts these closely related parasites came from the north and have close affinity with a species from the Orange River system. Their probable evolutionary history is discussed. Keys to both sexes of all described species of Chonopeltis are given.


Single-crystalline ZnO submicrometer rods have been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), select area electron diffraction (SAED) and photoluminescence (PL). The results show that the as-synthesized product is pure-phase hexagonal wurtzite ZnO and the morphology of the ZnO is rod shaped with an average diameter of 0.8um and length of 10um. The room temperature PL spectrum of the ZnO submicrometer rods exhibits a strong blue emission at 440nm and three weak emission bands centered at 410nm, 467nm and 565nm, respectively.


The incorporation of 14C-leucine and 14C-phenylalanine into protein was measured in ribosomes following the deoxycholate treatment of microsomes from control and nephrotic rat kidney homogenates. The pH 5 enzyme fraction was obtained from postmicrosomal supernatant (S105) of control and nephrotic kidney homogenates. The incorporation was markedly increased in the nephrotic preparations and depended on changes in both the ribosomes and pH 5 enzymes. The increase was present in the presence of either endogenous mRNA or synthetic mRNA (poly U). It was associated with increased binding of aminoacyl-tRNA as well as increased incorporation of aminoacyl-tRNA into peptide. Active ribonuclease activity was decreased in nephrotic kidney S105, pH 5 enzymes, and microsomes compared to comparable fractions in control kidney. Total ribonuclease activity was also decreased in nephrotic kidney in these fractions. No increase in polysome content was found in these ribosomes prepared with deoxycholate but when deoxycholate...


The systematic behaviours of average radiative capture cross sections σ_(nγ) at25 keV on mass number A, effective excitation energy U and level densityparameter a are studied. The systematics formula is found as follows:


In the all-digital era, it is very easy for people to participate in transactions in the capital market. Many people judge a company based on the high / low value of a company's shares. This research has a purpose as to examine the impact of profitability, dividend payout ratio, capital structure, & cash holding on the increase/decrease in company value. In this research that we made, we agreed to use quantitative research methods, the method is to collect numerical data (quantitative) and analyzed statistically, in this case we use the SPSS application. The data we use in this research is secondary data which is obtained through the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) website or www.idx.co.id. The total cooperate that we researched are 12 consumer sector manufacturing companies. The period/year of the financial statements studied is 2017-2020 (4 years) as the total data is 48 data. The results of the research show that the value of X (Profitability, Dividend Payout Ratio, Capital Structure, and Cash Holding) has a significant impact on the value of Y (Company Value). Meanwhile, simultaneously, it shows that the value of X (Profitability, Dividend Payout Ratio, Capital Structure, and Cash Holding) has an insignificant positive/negative impact on Y (Company Value).

Keywords : Profitability, Dividend payout ratio, Capital structure, Cash holding


This paper describes the temporal geometric constrained bundle adjustment method for exterior orientations of individual images acquired from an aerial multi-head camera system without platform calibration parameters and navigation solutions. The aerial multi-head camera system provides a single synthetic image, which has large coverage, from precisely estimated exterior orientation parameters (EOP) of each image. The EOP of each image can be directly calculated from navigation solutions and platform geometric calibration parameters. However, if these values are not available for some reason, the EOP of each image can be estimated with control points. In this case, the geometric relationship between camera heads should be considered. Each camera of the multi-head camera system is tightly affixed to the platform; therefore, the geometry between camera heads can be considered a constant. The temporal geometric constraint introduced in this paper is that the relative position (X, Y, and Z) and relative orientation angles (ω, φ, and κ) between cameras heads are the same at different frames (different time instants). This condition can be used as additional observations in the bundle adjustment. Also, small movements or vibration can be considered by selecting proper weights to the constraint. The experiment results show that the temporal geometric constrained approach provides better results, in terms of accuracy as well as precision, than those of the bundle adjustment without constraints. The proposed approach can also be used for calibrating any multi-head camera system.


The increasing prevalence of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in cloud-based services has led to their widespread use through various APIs. However, recent studies reveal the susceptibility of these public APIs to model extraction attacks, where adversaries attempt to create a local duplicate of the private model using data and API-generated predictions. Existing defense methods often involve perturbing prediction distributions to hinder an attacker's training goals, inadvertently affecting API utility. In this study, we extend the concept of digital watermarking to protect DNNs' APIs. We suggest embedding a watermark into the safeguarded APIs; thus, any model attempting to copy will inherently carry the watermark, allowing the defender to verify any suspicious models. We propose a simple yet effective framework to increase watermark transferability. By requiring the model to memorize the preset watermarks in the final decision layers, we significantly enhance the transferability of watermarks. Comprehensive experiments show that our proposed framework not only successfully watermarks APIs but also maintains their utility.


The theory of stable fluctuations, sustained owing to particle discreteness, is discussed in the context of laser-fusion plasmas. After a short review of basic results from fluctuation theory, the ...


Objective To study the imaging features of benign tumors or tumor-like lesions in the talus or calcaneus.Methods The imaging features of 11 cases with benign tumors or tumor-like lesions in the talus or calcaneus which were proved by surgery or histopathology were retrospectively analyzed.X-ray examination were performed in all cases,CT in 8 cases and MRI in 6 cases.Results Aneurysmal bone cyst was found in 4 cases,giant cell tumor in 3 cases(accompanying aneurismal bone cyst 2 cases),ganglion,hamartoma,osteoid osteoma and lipoma in 1 case,respectively.The imaging features were found with relatively characteristic,CT and MRI could supplement imaging information of X-ray pain.Conclusion Benign tumors or tumor-like lesions in the talus or calcaneus have characteristic imaging features,CT and MRI could supplied very valueable diagnosis signs.


For the above factors, a tracking method of object in sonar images is presented. At first, first order autoregressive model is selected to establish the state transition model, and the grey level template was chose to descript the regions of objects. Observation model is found by the least average absolute difference value, and variance of noise is determinate by the adaptive selection. Finally, the experiment results indicate the proposed method is simple and effective. II. THE PRINCIPLE OF PARTICLE FILTER


This research at Determining the effect of competency, motivation, ethics, control standards on the quality of controlling by the government internally control agency at the district Inspectorate of Bima West Nusa Tenggara. This research study is using descriptive method. The Populations of this research were all 62 staff. The data were collected through questionnaires distributed directly to the respondents. The Data were analyzed with multiple linear regressions with SPSS 21. The results showed that the variables of competency, motivation, ethics, standards simultaneously control had effect on the quality of controlling. The value of f-test Showed that fcount (16 548)> f-table (2:53 with the significant level (0.000> 0.05). Also this research showed that the variables of competency, motivation, ethics, standards partially control had effect on the controlling, however, the variable of ethics and control standards had no significant effect on the quality of controlling in the Bima district Inspectorate. The value of determinant co-efficient Showed that competency, motivation, ethics, control standards had contribution on the dependent variable of (the quality of controlling) as much as 50.5% while the rest 49.5% was affected by other factors that is not studied in this research.


. Globalization is currently making foreign food franchises more aggressively enter the market in Indonesia. This is very concerning because future generations have the potential to no longer recognize traditional foods that should be preserved as cultural heritage. Traditional food has a lot of diversity that has the potential to be popularized through the development of culinary tourism. This study aims to collect types of traditional foods in South Sulawesi, especially the Bugis and Makassar ethnic groups, using a qualitative research design. The total number of traditional foods found in the Bugis and Makassar ethnic areas is 481 dishes, which are dominated by traditional cakes, side dishes, vegetables, and staple foods. Language, urbanization, and transmigration between Bugis and Makassar ethnic groups have made many traditional culinary delights that have the same raw materials and production processes but have different names.


Current higher education needs to innovate training mode,and strengthen the effects of scientific experiment and production practice as well as skills training for students.On the basis of reform and development requirements for all above, the significance and target of teaching reform were analyzed for Packaging Printing Technology course of packaging engineering specialty.According to the thinking of"Highlighting practice teaching,Increasing engineering quality assessment",specific teaching reform and practice were focused on,including the integration of knowledge and practice,theoretical teaching content fitting in with industry needs with"necessary as well as enough",simulating of the production site by multimedia teaching,student-centered,improving hands-on ability,implementation of school-enterprise cooperation,etc.In addition, the reform of traditional test methods for packaging printing technology was investigated.


Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is associated with distinctive biologic and clinical features. The diagnoses and treatments have encountered several challenges in rural area of developing countries populations. Objectives: To evaluate the response and outcome of children with newly diagnosed ALL to a protocol that was modeled after the St Jude total XIII and to assess its effectiveness and treatment obstacles in the population of a developing country. Methodology: A retrospective analysis of patients under the age of 20 treated in Pediatric Oncology department, Menia Oncology Center was conducted. The outcome is reported using descriptive measures. Estimates of Overall survival (OS) and Disease free survival (DFS) will be analyzed. Results: One hundred patients (median age 9 years, range 1 to 19 years) with newly diagnosed ALL were considered eligible between January 2000 and August 2011. Fifty-three (53%) patients were male. Initial risk stratification comprised of 28 % low risk and 71% high-risk patients. One patient was not evaluable due to early induction death. Median total leukocytic count (TLC) at presentation was 30.000/cc (range; 1.500 - 628.000/cc). Twenty-one patients had anterior mediastinal mass detected by chest x-ray. Diagnosis was confirmed by blood and bone marrow examination with Leishman stain, PAS, and Sudan Black. According to the French-American-British (FAB) classification, 96% of patients had L2 morphology. Immunophenotyping and cytogenetic analysis were not available. Central nervous system (CNS) disease at diagnosis was found in 2% of cases. Eighty-three cases achieved complete remission (CR) post induction therapy. At a median follow up of 29.7 months (range 0.1 to 130 months), 73/100 (73%) patients maintained complete remission (CR). Five patients relapsed, including hematological relapse in 4 patients and CNS relapse in 1 patient. Twenty-seven patients died during the period of follow up. Causes of death were as follows; Septicemia and multi-organ failure (n=17), Disease recurrence (n= 5), Methotrexate toxicity (n=3), and invasive fungal infections (n=2). The 5-year OS and DFS for the whole group were 69.3% and 69.9% respectively. On multivariate analysis, TLC >50.000/ cc was an independent factor of disease recurrence (P=0.02) and non-relapse mortality (P=0.01). Age >10 years at diagnosis was associated with borderline significant inferior OS (P=0.09) and DFS (P=0.08). Conclusions: This is one of the largest reports of newly diagnosed ALL in a rural area of a developing country. Major cause of death was attributed to uncontrolled infections. Insufficient resources (e.g. lack of immunophenotyping, unavailable cytogenetics, limited supportive care, and absence of methotrexate level data) adversely affect the outcome. Further studies must be done to adequately report experiences of cancer centers in the developing world after adopting United States inspired protocols. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The seasonal respiratory affections are the pathologies of presentation with less than 15 days of evolution, of infectious origin, produce respiratory tract affections. Each year about two million children under the age of five die due to these respiratory conditions. The Pan American Health Organization points out that these diseases affect the nose, throat, bronchi and lungs. According to the (National Institute of statistics andcensuses) INEC, in 2014 a total of 1199 patients were registered, frequently of cases in children under 5 years, with 225 cases being seen as one of the groups with the highest prevalence of cases of respiratory diseases. The general objective is to describe the seasonal respiratory affections in children under 5 years, during the period January to February 2019. In the methodology, the methods are applied: qualitative, descriptive, analytical and deductive with the independent variable seasonal respiratory diseases and the variable dependent children under 5 years of age, with seasonal respiratory affections of the Julcuy Rural Health Center


Personalized exercise interventions comprising aerobic, resistance and corrective therapeutic components were shown to result in endurance and strength improvement and reduction of fatigue and spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). However, telerehabilitation support of multipronged exercise programs in PwMS has received limited attention. The goal of this project was to introduce telerehabilitation support of individualized multipronged exercise programs and to assess feasibility assessment of the initial prototype in PwMS. Feasibility was assessed in 10 PwMS who were asked to perform a standardized set of tasks essential for using the telerehabilitation system independently and score each task. Our results indicated high level of acceptance of the system by these patients. On average, it took about 1-2 minutes for the patients to complete the study tasks essential for system operation. They were able to successfully use the system and follow their individualized exercise prescription. The resulting system will have to undergo a definitive systematic evaluation in a randomized controlled trial to demonstrate its clinical impact.


This paper describes the 'Placa' buildings and assesses the seismic performance of one of the typologies. These buildings are characteristic of the urban expansion of Lisbon on the decade between 40 and 60 of the twentieth century. This period began after the end of the period of 'Gaioleiro' buildings (built between the late nineteenth and the early twentieth century) and it is characterized to be the last type of construction in Lisbon using the masonry as a structural element. This 'Placa' buildings still represents an important part of the Lisbon building stock, justifying the assessment of their seismic behavior and the propose of strengthen solutions. In this work a typology of 'Placa' buildings was chosen, the so-called 'Rabo de Bacalhau' building. Based on data available from the original project and on data defined from on-site visits, it was developed a threedimensional model of the building using the computer program SAP2000. To validate the model, field ambient vibration tests were performed and experimental and analytical dynamic characteristics of the building were defined and compared. The seismic assessment of the building was performed by means of a linear dynamic response spectrum analysis and the results obtained were discussed.


The business plan developed below is based on a real estate project located in the Central - North of the city of Quito, Ecuador. The real estate project called "KATORI Building" consists of a total of 29 departments a market-oriented, Middle-class - High. The project operates in a modern design line, together with luxury finishes and services which achieve important part of an aggregate value traded in the real estate market. The business plan covers macroeconomic issues, description of location, market research, architectural description, cost analysis, business strategy, financial analysis, legal strategy and project management.
The analysis of these issues gives us a broad perspective on the viability and profitability of this real estate development called "Edificio KATORI".


It is generally known that the parts with tight tolerances can only be measured on precise, or accurate measuring machines. Accuracy is one of the indicators of quality of measuring equipment. By controlling the parameters of accuracy from the very beginning of machine life cycle, it is possible to maintain the permissible limits of its quality characteristics. The straightness deviation represents line flow in two perpendicular planes. The straightness is one of the essential characteristics of exploitation that must be strictly controlled. Measurement of straightness is applied in many areas such as manufacturing and testing of precision instruments, measuring dimensions of large objects, assembly and adjustment of large equipment. In this paper, the emphasis is placed on the straightness of the numerically controlled measuring machines (CMM) elements movement along the X and Y axes. The measurement is carried out by laser measuring system (LMS).


This paper presents a flexible and modular approach to dynamic program analysis for JVM-based languages, aiming to address the limitations of existing tools, in particular their limited expressivity and tight coupling between instrumentation and analysis. The proposed solution decouples these two processes using BISM, a lightweight instrumentation language, and BeepBeep, a complex event processing engine. This novel combination enhances expressiveness, promotes reusability, and integrates seamlessly into JVM-based projects. Various analyses such as monitoring, profiling, coverage measurement, and complex event generation are demonstrated, showcasing the approach's flexibility.


We review the Effective Field Theory (EFT) to make projections on physics beyond the Standard Model in the Higgs sector. We provide relations between the non-Standard Model couplings of the Strongly-Interacting Light Higgs (SILH) effective Lagrangian implemented in the eHDecay package and the corresponding terms of the spin-0 Higgs Characterisation model's effective Lagrangian used with the aMC@NLO Monte Carlo generator. Constraints on BSM couplings are determined on the basis of existing experimental limits on Higgs boson width and branching ratios.


Earthworms harboring infective larvae were emulsified and infected to pigs.l. In clinical observation, coughing began between 14 and 24 days after infection.2. Lungworm eggs were detected from the feces over 30 days after infection.3. Among the pathological changes of the lung, petechiae of the whole lung appeared4 to 7 days, spotted infiltration 10 to 14 days, and pulmonary emphysema over 17 days after infection on the inferior border of the diaphragmatic lobe.4. No change was found in other organs.5. These lesions were studied histopathologically.


The exponential generating function of ordinary generating functions of diagonal sequences of general Sheffer triangles is computed by an application of Lagrange's theorem. For the special Jabotinsky type this is already known. An analogous computation for general Riordan number triangles leads to a formula for the logarithmic generating function of the ordinary generating functions of the product of the entries of the diagonal sequence of Pascal's triangle and those of the {Riordan triangle. For some examples these ordinary generating functions yield in both cases coefficient triangles of certain numerator polynomials.


This paper presents a parallel algorithm applied to the job shop scheduling problem (JSSP). The algorithm generates a set of threads, which work in parallel. Each generated thread, executes a procedure of simulated annealing which obtains one solution for the problem. Each solution is directed towards the best solution found by the system at the present, through a procedure called effective-address. The cooperative algorithm evaluates the makespan for various benchmarks of different sizes, small, medium, and large. A statistical analysis of the results of the algorithm is presented and a comparison of performance with other (sequential, parallel, and distributed processing) algorithms that are found in the literature is presented. The obtained results show that the cooperation of threads carried out by means of effective-address procedure permits to simulated annealing to work with increased efficacy and efficiency for problems of JSSP.


Movement Ecology of the Reef Manta Ray Manta alfredi in the Eastern Red Sea Camrin Braun Many well-studied elasmobranch populations have recently exhibited significant decline. The limited data related to fisheries and sightings for many unstudied or poorly understood populations indicate that these are also suffering. Directed fisheries and more cryptic threats such as entanglement and vessel strike represent significant risk to mobulid rays, arguably one of the most vulnerable elasmobranch groups. Very little information currently exists describing the basic ecology of manta rays or quantifying anthropogenic threats and impacts; however, recent efforts have drastically improved the body of knowledge available for these species, including oceanographic influences on movement, seasonal migration, and mating behaviors. Nevertheless, Red Sea mantas remain completely enigmatic. In this thesis, Chapter 1 details results from tagging 18 reef manta rays Manta alfredi in the eastern Red Sea using satellite and acoustic tag technology and demonstrates that mantas occupy areas with high human traffic. The combined satellite and acoustic techniques define both regional movements and 'hotspots' of habitat use where there is significant potential for manta-human interaction. I also present opportunistic sighting data that corroborate anthropogenic impacts on this population. Chapter 2 explores the vertical component of the nine satellite tags that were deployed on Manta alfredi as described in the previous chapter. Seven tags returned adequate data for analysis. Three of the seven were physically recovered yielding full archival datasets of depth, temperature, and light levels every 10-15 seconds for over 2.6


The participation of British scientists in second world war atomic energy projects has been well documented. One group joined the Manhattan project in the USA, which resulted in the world's first atomic bomb tested in New Mexico on 16 July 1945, whilst another group was led by Halban and Kowarski, who had escaped from France to England in June 1940 bringing with them the world's entire stock of heavy water.


Half of ophthalmology trainees do not believe that they will be adequately prepared for independent practice by the end of their training, a study published in BMJ Open has found.1

The survey of 40 trainee ophthalmologists who had completed three or more years of specialty training in four deaneries in England (response rate 83%) also found significant regional variation in trainees' surgical experience, confidence in operating, and surgical outcomes. Of those who responded, only half believed that the current training programme would sufficiently prepare them surgically.

The average rate of …


Previous literature on knowledge and knowledge production is reviewed and structured in six main perspectives, based on the knowledge aspects that are considered critical: external perception, novelty, usage, locus, ownership, and ontology. Implications for the innovation process are discussed and the squirrel cage induction motor is used as an example to illustrate the knowledge forms identified in the literature.


Agriculture in New England operates in an environment full of challenges—high land and labor costs, a cool, moist climate, and hilly to mountainous terrain, to name a few. Much of New England has a rural heritage, however, and its residents value agriculture. They value it not only for its fresh, local products but for its contributions to their economy and landscape. Recognizing the challenges to and benefits of local agriculture, various programs and policies have been established to support agriculture in New England. The recently formed Northeast Interstate Dairy Compact is an example. Dairy farming is the centerpiece of New England agriculture, Milk accounts for more farm receipts in the region than does any other farm product. In 1994, for example, cash farm receipts for milk were $607 million—more than 30Ycof total New England cash farm receipts (U.S. Department of Agriculture 1995). Dairy farming is even more important in Vermont, where it is part of the state's heritage and identity. In 1992, it accounted for 90% of the agricultural income, 80% of the commercial farms, and 75% of the agricultural land in the state. Vermont's agriculture is the most dairyoriented of any state in the United States (U.S. Department of Commerce 1994). Its dairy farms produce the largest share of milk in the New England pool (Pelsue 1996), In addition to the challenges other farms face, dairy farms are subject to their own specific chal-


In this paper, the conjugate boundary value problem -u''(t) = f(t,u(t)) for t isin [0,1]\{eta1middot,eta2,--- ,etam-2} subject to u'(0) = u(1) = 0 and u'+(etai) - u'_(etai) = aiu'(1) (i = 1, 2, ... , m - 2), of the m-point boundary value problem -v''(t) = f(t,v(t)) subject to v(0) = 0 and v(1) = Sigmai-1 m-2 alphaiv(etai) is put forward and considered, where etai isin (0,1) with eta1 < eta2 < ... < etam-2, alphaiisin[0,1) with 0 < Sigmai-1 m-2 alphai < 1, f isin C([0,1] times [0, infin), [0, infin)). The problem is translated into Hammertein 's integral equation with the use of Green's function. Then the existence of single and multiple positive solutions of the conjugate problem is shown under some conditions concerning the first eigenvalue of the relevant linear operator by means of fixed point index theory. Similar conclusions hold for some other m-point boundary value conditions.


Aim To explore the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on the expression of SH2-Bβ in the lung and the visceral sensory afferent system(C7-T5 spinal ganglia and the corresponding posterior horn of the spinal cord)of asthmatic mice.Methods Murine model of asthma of BABL/c mice was induced by ovalbumin in vivo.By means of immunohistochemistry and Western blot,the expression of SH2-Bβ in the lung,C7-T5 spinal ganglia and corresponding spinal cord was detected and the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on it was observed.Inspiratory airway resistance was measured with AniRes 2003 lung function system.Results The expression of SH2-Bβ in the lung,C7-T5 spinal ganglia and the corresponding spinal cord of the asthmatic mice was much higher than that of the control group and the dexamethasone group(P0.01).The inspiratory airway resistance was much higher in asthmatic group than that of the control group and the dexamethasone group(P0.01).Conclusion The inhibition of the expression of SH2-Bβ by dexamethasone might be one of the mechanisms in the treatment of asthma.


The importance of a market orientation as the basis for meeting customer expectations is well known in marketing. In applying this concept to networks or netchains, the concept "customer horizon" is proposed to measure the ability to name or identify downstream customers and their requirements. A case study of five organizations in a netchain is examined to determine each company's customer horizon in terms of "breadth" and "length". Based on the findings, it is suggested that companies can choose between alternative configurations of customer horizons. It is argued that it may be important to watch out for narrow and short customer horizons – especially when customer satisfaction is low, end consumer requirements are changing and/or these changes are not being communicated upstream to suppliers.


We localized y-glutamyltraqeptidase (GGT) in the rat pancreas by immunocytochemistry using the protein A-gold technique. The enzyme was found in the apical and zymogen granule (ZG) membranes of the pancreatic acinar cell. With ZG at the onset of exocytosis, labeling was seen over membrane, whereas content was unreactive. In the acinar lumen, the enzyme was generally associated with small vesicles previously described as "pancreasomes." This observation corroborates a recent proposal that a membraneshedding process is associated with exocytosis in the exocrine panaeas. It also implies that some elements of the ZG membrane are not recycled after exocytosis. The cellular distribution of GGT was compared with GP2, another glycoprotein component of the ZG membrane, and differences in localization indicate different fates for these two proteins. Indeed, GP2 shows a strong signal with the basolateral membrane, whereas in the case of GGT the signal is barely detectable. The reverse situation is observed on the apical plasma membrane, GGT producing a much stronger signal than GP2. The failUte to detect GGT in lysosomal structures, combined with the fact that some endocytic-like vacuoles in the vicinity of the apical plasma membrane give a positive reaction, supports the view that some GGT molecules are recycled in the ZG membrane after exocytosis. Our observations clearly demonstrate that a fraction of the protein components of the ZG membrane are not recycled after exocytosis, raising new questions regarding the concept of membrane recycling associated with regulated secretion. ( J l i i s tdem Cprochem 41:225-233, 1993)


A procedure is examined for evaluating the explosive properties of solid fossil fuels based on their technical and elementary composition. Results are presented of an investigation of the influence of the moisture content, the ash content, and the fractional composition of the pulverized fuel on its explosive properties.


implanted in most men a stronger instinct of parental concern than of filial respect. After all, the continuance of the species did not depend on the latter instinct; if nature could be relied upon, it would not be necessary to resort, as in the Decalogue, to exhortations to respect parents. Jacob Viner, with his immense knowledge of both Smith and providentialist thinking, would have enjoyed assessing the merits of this argument. But does Smith's maxim apply to the generation and preservation of the species produced by the scholarly world of teachers and pupils? Except in the dubious case of those teachers who consciously seek to reproduce themselves by collecting disciples, the maxim might be reversed: great scholars acquire a natural filial respect even when they do not seek it or, as in Viner's case, when they seem to go out of their way to avoid it. I was, so to speak, a child of Viner's immediate pre-retirement years, perhaps the very last of a breed whose daunting lineage stretched back through ten years at Princeton and thirty more at Chicago. When I arrived in Princeton from the London School of Economics in 1956, Viner must have been looking forward to his retirement in four years' time, awaiting the freedom from teaching that would enable him to devote all his energies to what proved to be a remarkably ambitious and productive period of research and publication. He was distinctly evasive about acquiring any new obligation of scholarly parenthood or so it struck me when I


The arbitrary immanants of three matrices whose determinants are known to be generating functions for sets of combinatorial objects are examined. Combinatorial interpretations are given for the immanants of the Matrix-tree matrix, and a special case of the Jacobi-Trudi matrix. These allow us to deduce immediately the nonnegativity of the coefficients in the expansion of the immanants. A conjecture is made about the nonnegativity of coefftcients of the expansion of the immanant of the Jacobi-Trudi matrix in the general case. This nonnegativity result is seen to fail for the Hankel matrix, and combinatorial reasons for this failure are given. All results can be translated into statements about the nonnegativity of Schur function expansions for the related symmetric functions. #Cl 1992 Academic Press, Inc.


In order to find a suitable way for the polymorphism of J.regia L.,the genomic DNA variation of 26 accessions in related species of Juglans L.was analyzed by 30 pairs of primer which was isolated in Juglans nigra by Woeste~(\) et al.Among these primers,72.78% locus gave successful amplification in the related species which PCR-amplification present in the expected size range.17 SSR primers were selected based on the validity and polymorphism,and were analyzed for 12 related species.The numbers of alleles,the validity and PIC(polymorphism information content) had obviously declined than in J.nigra L..Although they have relatively high polymorphic levels for analyzling the genetic diversity in related species,fingerprinting and relationship in other Juglans species.


The goal of the paper is in determining the characteristics of relations between security databases (databases of vulnerabilities, attacks, platforms, weaknesses etc.) to apply the ontological approach for construction of a hybrid security repository. The paper analyzes various security data specifications used in databases and interconnections between different data types. On the basis of the outlined relations we propose a common ontology. This model is intended to construct the hybrid repository. The comparison with existing research on security ontology is provided as well as the advantages of the proposed approach are outlined.