Components other than the one‐pion exchange play a role in the interactions of nucleons which are important in pion‐nucleon scattering. Especially the ρ‐meson exchange interaction is crucial in a realistic description.


In the present study, the characteristics of the electrical deformation of a bubble and a drop under a uniform electric field have been investigated to understand EHD heat transfer enhancement by an electric field. The deformation of the bubble and the drop have been studied theoretically using an electric normal stress acting on their interfaces and assured by the numerical analysis and the experiment. From the variation of bubble volume and free energy, it is found that a bubble is compressed in an electric field and free energy had larger value with increasing W and the permittivity of a dielectric fluid. The electric normal stress induced on the interface of the bubble and the drop is different. Because of the surface charge induced at the drop interface, the electric normal stress acting on the drop is much larger than that of the bubble. The drop is, therefore, deformed much more than the bubble. In addition, the experimental and numerical results show that the aspect ratio and the contact angle of the bubble increase with increasing W.


Although the optical sensing technology has been available for a number of years the recent rapid adoption is due to a breakthrough in the way that optical fibre sensors are deployed. Optical fibres are now being embedded within a glass fibre/epoxy composite carrier to form a robust component suitable for handling offshore. The carrier provides resistance to damage during deployment and from extreme hydrostatic pressure. The installation processes becomes a simple matter of strapping the carrier to the structure to be monitored. To date such instrumentation devices have been deployed on deck, by rope access teams and by divers. ROV deployments are currently planned.


Accurate protein quantification is a vital prerequisite for generating meaningful predictions when using systems biology approaches, a method that is increasingly being used to unravel the complexities of subcellular interactions and as part of the drug discovery process. Quantitative proteomics, flow cytometry, and western blotting have been extensively used to define human platelet protein copy numbers, yet for mouse platelets, a model widely used for platelet research, evidence is largely limited to a single proteomic dataset in which the total amount of proteins was generally comparatively higher than those found in human platelets.


Abstract The purpose of this article is to demonstrate possibilities of mixing coal with biomass using static mixers. The paper present simple and inexpensive methods for producing fuel mixes for heat-generating plants equipped with stoker-fired boilers of power ranging from 3 up to 50 MW. Static mixer proposed in this article may constitute an alternative for currently used solutions in production facility. Based on statistical analysis, the article demonstrates that five mixing elements of the mixer is optimal number to ensure best biomass (chips and pellets) concentration distribution in a mixture with fine hard coal.


Objectives: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), generally considered to be the most symptomatically distressing complication of diabetes, affects more than 50% of people with diabetes. However, no consistently effective treatment for DPN is available and patients are forced to struggle with medications that provide only partial relief. In this pilot study, we evaluated the clinical effects of Saam acupuncture for the treatment of painful DPN. Methods: A total of 10 patients with painful DPN were included in the study; 6 subjects with Saam acupuncture treatment and 4 subjects without it. Subjects were defined as having painful DPN if they had at least 2 points using total symptom score (TSS). Treatments were delivered three times a week for 4 weeks. Vitamin B12 was orally administrated in the all subjects. At initial (0 week) and follow-up after 4 weeks and 8 weeks, all subjects underwent TSS, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), and nerve conduction test. Results: After initial (0 week) and follow-up (8 weeks), TSS and MNSI were not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.400 and p=0.830, respectively). However, in both two groups, according to time, there was a significant difference in TSS as well as MNSI (p=0.001 and p=0.004, respectively). Conclusions: Saam acupuncture may be considered as the effective treatment for the patients of DPN although the changes of the symptoms were of limited significance in this study. Further investigations are required to elucidate the role of Saam acupuncture for the pain control of DPN.


Multiple-intelligence is a new theory which has brought infinite vitality to network course design.This paper first gives a brief introduction to the Multiple-intelligence,and then discusses the advantages of network teaching for the Survey of Britain America under the guidance of Multiple Intelligence Theory and probes into the teaching strategies.


The Financial Analysts Journal has a history of publishing academic and practitioner articles on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues; many appeared decades before the terminology became common. In celebration of the 75th anniversary, the author provides brief reviews of these articles, including reflections on how the insights brought out in this collective body of work remain important today for investors' decisions.


In modern communication networks the task of synchronizing the system clock of nodes is of growing interest. Especially in sensor networks synchronized applications are of crucial importance, but a global view of the system status can only be examined if the individual data acquisitions are exactly related to each other. This imposes constraints on the implementation that are rarely discussed. The present work proposes a driver and protocol stack architecture which allows each node to participate in different clock synchronization mechanisms at a time. Further the important problem of hard real-time requirements within the software environment is addressed, including the critical task of detecting missed events and the continuous amortisation of system clock deviations. An insight to realisation is given with a discussion about the implementation study used in the REMPLI (real-time energy management via powerlines and Internet)


C HILDREN 'S summer reading clubs or summer reading programs are sponsored by a great many American public libraries, and generally a relatively large number of children take part in them. Carolyn Field has characterized the summer reading club as "the major program in children's departments in most public "libraries."2 According to a study by Gross and Namovicz, 377 of 562 libraries conduct "some kind of summer reading program" for children.3 In a survey of small city libraries Eva Nelson discovered that 33 of 43 libraries conducted vacation reading clubs.4 She wrote as follows concerning the large enrolment of clubs sponsored by the libraries surveyed: "Of these, six enrolled less than 100 children. Fourteen enrolled 100 to 500 children, seven enrolled 500 to 1,000 children, and four enrolled 1,000 to 2,000 children. Salina, Kansas, and Mason City, Iowa, reported over 2,000 children engaged in the 1959 vacation reading project."5 Further evidence that the clubs have large memberships is found in Public Library Abstracts, some issues of which contain information about reading clubs of particular libraries (see Table 1). Reading programs usually begin in June soon after schools close,6 and they generally have a theme that librarians expect will be popular with children, such as space travel, hobbies, historic events, or distant places. Children are usually required to read a certain number of books, and, in some cases, the subject or reading level is stipulated by librarians. Sometimes boys and girls are required to make an oral or written report on each book read. A roster of club members is often placed in a prominent place in the library, and whenever a child finishes an approved book, a silver or gold star is placed after his name. A child who completes all the reading requirements usually receives an additional reward. Sometimes a special ceremony is held, and children who have completed reading requirements receive certificates. In other cases children receive free tickets to a special entertainment. If the number of clubs sponsored by 1 The research reported here was supported by a grant to the University of Illinois Library Research Center from the Illinois State Library.


INTRODUCTION: With the use of multiple localized, small receive coil arrays, single shot whole brain coverage becomes feasible for fMRI applications. Using a 3D rosette trajectory and iterative, regularized reconstruction a 643 volume can be acquired in less than 30ms with acceptable broadening of the point spread function (1). Single shot trajectories suffer from off-resonance effects because of their long readout times that causes severe spin dephasing. For the case of trajectories with intersections in k-space (radial, rosette), this leads to signal cancellations. Therefore it is important to take the phase evolution into account during the reconstruction process. Common approaches approximate the phase map by a time segmentation to correct for these effects (2) but slow down the reconstruction by the number of time segments, arriving at multiple days for the reconstruction of one sequence. We therefore have developed an off-resonance correction approach, which uses an approximation in space by deforming k-space interpolation kernels, which leads to a speed up of a factor of 10 at comparable or even improved reconstruction quality. METHODS: Iterative reconstruction methods model the measurement process (as in equation [1]) and aim to minimize the differences between the generated and acquired data. For non-Cartesian trajectories the nuFFT [1] is usually employed to provide an efficient implementation of the signal equation. Equation [2] and Figure 1 demonstrate the usual approach: the spin density is multiplied by the coil sensitivities, transformed into k-space, and then projected onto sparse interpolation kernels (e.g. minmaxinterpolation [1]) providing the evaluation at non-grid points in k-space. To incorporate offresonance the common way is to use a time segmentation (1) of the phasemap. The complexity of this approach scales with the number of time segments, which is in certain cases unacceptable. Our new approach is driven by the observation that most of the reconstruction time is spent for the FFT while only 5% is used for the evaluation of the nuFFT-interpolation kernels. Thus, our idea is to directly incorporate the phase map into the interpolation kernels. Due to the convolution theorem the phasemap corrections in real-space translate to convolutions in k-space of the Fourier transformed phasemaps with the nuFFTinterpolation kernels (equation [3]). These convolutions can be accomplished prior to reconstruction. These new 'deformed' kernels are less sparse, but due to the nature of the phase maps (no changes in magnitude) they are still sufficiently sparse. The computation is depicted in Figure 2. After multiplication with the phasemaps the kernels are transformed back into k-space and sparsified by a thresholding operation. To avoid ringing artefacts typically caused by thresholding in k-space the field map is smoothed before. RESULTS: All measurements were performed on a Tim Trio using a commercial 32-channel head coil array (Siemens, Erlangen). The rosette trajectory consists of 40 petals that are designed to provide homogenous k-space coverage (fov =256mm, res=643). A static field map was derived from a 3D double gradient echo measurement by subtracting the phase images of the two consecutive echos. In Figure 3 reconstructions a) without correction, b) with corrections by our new approach and c) by time segmentation are shown. Our results are comparable to the time segmentation approach at 10 times faster reconstruction speed. Our results look somewhat smoother than the time segmentations. Overall, the corrected reconstructions yield significantly more signal compared to the uncorrected reconstruction. Figure 3 d) and e) show the time course within a single voxel (arrows in a) and b)) in the motor cortex which is usually affected by off-resonance effects. The stimulus depend signal changes are much more apparent in the corrected signal. CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK: We proposed an efficient method to correct for off-resonance caused signal-cancellations by a simple preprocessing of the interpolation kernel, which appear inside the common nuFFT. This leads to a speed up by a factor of 10 in comparison to the traditional approach based on time segmentation. Preliminary comparisons in image quality suggest that our approach is even more accurate, but further and more rigorous investigations are necessary to compare the performance of both approaches. Both, deformed kernels and times segmentations are approximations to the real signal equation, the first one in space the latter in the time (k)-domain. In situations like ours where the FFT is the bottleneck during reconstruction and computation time is a critical issue our method appears preferable. Comparison of robustness and artefact behaviour require more detailed studies both in simulations as well as on experimental data. Our approach has been demonstrated to Rosette trajectories but can be easily extended and applied for other and arbitrary k-space trajectories. REFERENCES 1. B. Zahneisen, et al, Proc. 16th Ann Meeting ISMRM, Honolulu, 2008, p. 3669 2. B. P. Sutton, C. Noll and J. A. Fessler, Fast, iterative image reconstruction for MRI in the presence of field inhomogeneities, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, 2003, vol. 22, no.2, pp. 178-188 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This work is part of the INUMAC project, supported by BMBF (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research), grant #13N9208 and part of the OVOC project, ERC Advanced Grant #23290. Fig. 1: The implementation of the forward operator.


The ideal class group is an important object in the
study of algebraic number fields, as is the associated class
number. In cyclotomic fields in particular, the class number
decomposes into two factors. While the second factor is difficult
to determine due to the need for a basis of the group of units, the
first factor is given by a surprisingly simple formula. In terms of
the structure of the ideal class group, Stickelberger's theorem
gives an important result. The theorem provides explicit
annihilators of the ideal class group, from which the Stickelberger
ideal arises. In this work, the analytic class number formula is
derived and related to the minus part of the index of the
Stickelberger ideal in the integral group ring over the Galois
group.


Review of publications on chemistry, properties and outlooks of the use of boron and nitrogen containing compound borazine (borazol), or cyclo-˝3´3N3H3 and some its derivatives, as well as the starting compounds for synthesis, since 1926 (the date of borazine discovery) till now is presented. It is shown that the information described in classical works is in many aspects urgent also at present. With the use of borazine, promising methods were developed for obtaining insulating layers and films based on boron nitride h-BN and carbonitroborides through thermal or plasmachemical decomposition of vapours, as well as coatings composed of condensed heterocyclic borazine derivatives. The data obtained by the authors of the review on solidphase mechanochemical methods of the synthesis of borazine and its derivatives n N-trimethylborazine and N-triethylborazine are presented. Advantages and possibilities of technical implementation of these methods in comparison with other known methods are substantiated.


The article considers current problems of health of adolescent students and youth of Kalmykia. It analyzes medico-demographic situation, statistical indicators characterizing health of young generation.


The purpose of determining Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in samples of domestic wastewater is to determine the effect of variations in the reflux process time which is set to 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes as well as with variations in the testing time which are set to 0, 3, and 7 days. Determination of LOD and LOQ using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer was also carried out and the regression equation y = 0.0003x + 0.0066 with a coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.998 with LOD and LOQ values respectively 40.0416 mg O2/L and 133.4721 mg O2/L. Determination of the effect of reflux time and preservation time on COD levels was carried out statistically, namely the normality test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test) and homogeneity test (Levene Test) ending with a two-way ANOVA test with a probability or significance value of the inlet and outlet samples of 0.000 < 0.05 ( ). Reflux time affects COD levels, the longer the reflux time, the higher and more stable COD levels. Preservation time affects the decrease in COD levels, which is the longer the preservation time, the greater the decrease in COD levels.


This article introduces the SPAWNN toolkit, an innovative toolkit for spatial analysis with self‐organizing neural networks, which is published as free and open‐source software (http://www.spawnn.org). It extends existing toolkits in three important ways. First, the SPAWNN toolkit distinguishes between self‐organizing neural networks and spatial context models with which the networks can be combined to incorporate spatial dependence and provides implementations for both. This distinction maintains modularity and enables a multitude of useful combinations for analyzing spatial data with self‐organizing neural networks. Second, SPAWNN interactively links different self‐organizing networks and data visualizations in an intuitive manner to facilitate explorative data analysis. Third, it implements cutting‐edge clustering algorithms for identifying clusters in the trained networks. Toolkits such as SPAWNN are particularly needed when researchers and practitioners are confronted with large amounts of complex and high‐dimensional data. The computational performance of the implemented algorithms is empirically demonstrated using high‐dimensional synthetic data sets, while the practical functionality highlighting the distinctive features of the toolkit is illustrated with a case study using socioeconomic data of the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.


Three novel poly vinyl chloride (PVC) (A), carbon paste (CP) (B), and coated glassy carbon-MWCNT (CGC) (C) salicylate (sal−) sensors based on new synthesized [Co(L2Cl)Cl3(H2O)] ⋅ H2O complex (L2Cl=(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N-(2-chloro-phenyl)- amine)), o-nitrophenyloctyl ether as a mediator and tridodecylmethylammonium chloride as a cationic additive were successfully used for determination of sal− in human plasma and pharmaceutical formulations. The sal−-sensors exhibited enhanced sensitivity with slope of −63.5, −60.5 and −58.9 mV/decade and detection limit of 1.0×10−5, 4.0×10−7, and 1.0×10−6 mol L−1 for A–C sensors respectively. Quantum chemical calculations were carried out by HF and DFT/B3LYP methods to explore and investigate the interaction between the receptor and the different anions. The intermolecular H-bond created between the uncoordinated CO of salicylate group and the secondary amino group in the complex is the key factor of the selectivity of the proposed sensor. A linear relation is established between the natural charge on the Co center and the value of the binding energy, where the decrease in positive charge is associated by an increase in the anion binding energy.


The invention relates to a cloud deck operation and control system and a cloud deck operation and control method based on implicit controls. The method comprises that the various controls which control motions of a cloud deck are hidden under a full-screen monitoring picture of a monitor window, the monitoring picture is clicked, a monitoring system automatically returns coordinates of the clicked point, according to the coordinates of the point, a corresponding control recognizes an operation and control manner represented by the clicking motion, and then the cloud deck is controlled to carry out a corresponding motion. According to the cloud deck operation and control system and the cloud deck operation and control method based on the implicit controls, the various controls which control the motions of the cloud deck are respectively hidden under the full-screen monitoring picture of the monitor window, the implicit controls are completely embedded inside the picture and free of having specific appearance, users are not affected in observation of the picture, all cloud deck operations and control of the users do not need to leave a picture area, a picture occupancy rate of the window is improved to 100%, the picture is amplified to the largest degree, and convenience is brought to observation of the picture and observation of details of the picture.


Background and objective:  The natural history of COPD, a disease usually caused by cigarette smoking, is associated with frequent respiratory infections. Consistent with human COPD, bacterial clearance in the lungs has been reported to be impaired in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. In the airways, several antimicrobial molecules such as surfactant proteins (SP), beta‐defensins (BD), secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and lysozyme play important roles in the defence against invading pathogens. This study evaluated the expression of antimicrobial molecules in mice lungs with cigarette smoke‐induced emphysematous changes.


Background Enhanced skin mast cell releasability of histamine, increased production of histamine releasing factor (HRF), and cutaneous inflammatory process are the hallmarks of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CU). Although H1‐antihistamines are known to alleviate the symptoms effectively in most cases, systemic corticosteroids (CS) are given in more resistant patients. Their mode of action remains a matter of controversy.


Pep Guardiola has become a legend, and in order to understand this legend, it is necessary to see behind the curtain and understand the man who contributes the Guardiola System. Violan draws a complete picture of Guardiola's character and his leadership skills and answers the pivotal question, What can we learn from Pep?


On the basis of the two years investigations carried on the green pea (var. Delis 11 fold), it was confirmed that blanching and freezing decrease the content of albumen and amino acids. The sterilizing belongs to the most drastic process. It was also confirmed that methionine limits the content of albumen.


Submitted for the MAR07 Meeting of The American Physical Society Phonon-based Mechanisms for Structural Transformations in Pu TURAB LOOKMAN, AVADH SAXENA, ROBERT ALBERS, Los Alamos National Laboratory — Plutonium undergoes a number of transformations that involve changes in unit cell shape and numbers of atoms. We focus on the fcc to monoclinic δ → α′ transformation and suggest displacive mechanisms that can describe the transformation. We also explore signatures of the mechanisms in phonon dispersion curves and present a phase diagram in paramter space. The implications for the β → α transformation, assuming a displacive mechanism, will also be explored. Turab Lookman Los Alamos National Laboratory Date submitted: 20 Nov 2006 Electronic form version 1.4


Introduction and application of the mainstream theory of management by the enterprise in China started in the early 1990s,but its development process afterwards does not seem to be satisfactory,for the Chinese economists have neglected reflections on its fundamental idea—the theory of enterprise contract.This paper attempts to introduce a creativity-oriented theory of enterprise management by referring to the developmental strategy of the state and emphasizing importance of creativity in the production process.A more profound interpretation of management by the enterprise in state-owned companies is offered.The authors suggest that more attention be directed to creativity-oriented theories of enterprise management in researches on reform of state-owned companies in China.


Land use and management change is a feature of New Zealand farm systems, driven by a range of factors including volatile markets and exchange rates, variable weather and climate patterns, continuous policy evolution and the inherent innovation of New Zealand farmers. Yet the common indicators used to evaluate the impact of change appear to be limited to the link between productivity (of land/labour/capital) and profitability. However, if farm system "owners" seek truly sustainable systems they should consider a wider set of indicators to guide investment. Sustainability is considered in terms of the ability of the pastoral farm system to fulfil its primary purpose in the long-term, i.e. "to derive value from the natural capital of a land and water resource that is sufficient to support the objectives of the resource owner" and fulfil secondary objectives considered important by other stakeholders (e.g., product and environmental quality). The objective of this study was to develop an integrated assessment framework for sustainability indicators that was useful for guiding change decisions at the farm system scale, a key determinant of regional economic, environmental and social outcomes. The approach is based on the fundamental properties of a complex adaptive system: existence, effectiveness, freedom of action, security, adaptability and coexistence, applied to six key system drivers (financial, environmental, social, cultural, technological and regulatory). This framework could support decision-making in terms of the investment of human, natural and financial capital at the farm system scale and contribute to larger scale information imperatives (e.g., value chains, catchments).


VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland is developing the transmitter for the "Flash Optical Sensor for TErrain Relative NAVigation" (FOSTERNAV) multi-beam flash imaging lidar. FOSTERNAV is a concept demonstrator for new guidance, navigation and control (GNC) technologies to fulfil the requirements for landing and docking of spacecraft as well as for navigation of rovers. This paper presents the design, realisation and testing of the multi-beam continuous-wave (CW) laser transmitter to be used in a 256x256 pixel flash imaging lidar. Depending on the target distance, the lidar has three operation modes using either several beams with low divergence or one single beam with a large divergence. This paper describes the transmitter part of the flash imaging lidar with focus on the electronics and especially the laser diode drivers. The transmitter contains eight fibre coupled commercial diode laser modules with a total peak optical power of 32 W at 808 nm. The main requirement for the laser diode drivers was linear modulation up to a frequency of 20 MHz allowing, for example, low distortion chirps or pseudorandom binary sequences. The laser modules contain the laser diode, a monitoring photodiode, a thermo-electric cooler, and a thermistor. The modules, designed for non-modulated and low-frequency operation, set challenging demands on the design of the drivers. Measurement results are presented on frequency response, and eye diagrams for pseudo-random binary sequences.


This article furnishes a theoretical framework, drawn from behavioral archaeology and built around the phenomenon of technology transfer, for studying any instance of technological differentiation—the proliferation of a technology's functional variants. This process is important to anthropologists because it can help us to understand some important causes of technological change found in societies simple and complex. Technological differentiation arises because, as a technology is transferred from one community to another, it is redesigned to have a mix of performance characteristics more appropriate for carrying out utilitarian and/or symbolic functions in specific activities of recipient communities. Use of the technology-transfer framework for constructing proximate explanations of technological differentiation is illustrated with 18th–century electrical technology. [Keywords: technology transfer, technological differentiation, history of electricity, 18th-century science, behavioral theory]


ABSTRACT Non-lethal weapons (NLW) have become an increasingly important class of weapons. Creating these armaments requires examination of ethical issues in their research and development processes. Chief among these ethical concerns is the need for research, testing, and evaluation of these weapons against their intended targets: people. Research and development of NLW can be compromised by the avoidance of human target experimentation. At the root of this avoidance is a lack of knowledge of the ethical and regulatory guidelines that govern human subject research within the NLW community. As with all research, NLW research activities must comply with regulations that rest on the ethical concepts of Beneficence, Justice, and Respect for Persons. However, moderate modification must be made in the typical framework surrounding ethical oversight of NLW experimentation. The process discussed entails a sequence of questions "Is the activity research?", "Is the risk worth the benefit?", "How is the potential subject informed of the risks of participating?" and "How are the risks of harm to the subject mitigated throughout the experiment?" The ethical conduct of NLW research is vital to protecting the rights of subjects and increasing the pace of developments of NLW armaments.


Abstract Since the beginning of the Web, URIs were con-sideredthemostimportantbasictechnologyoftheWeb. Within the realms of the Social Web, com-munitiesformedtotag,commentandratesuchre-sourcesinsocalledfolksonomies. However, nowa-days,thesecommunitieshavedevelopedintechni-callydistinctandinoperablewalledgardens,violat-ing the paradigms that were once associated withtheWeb.To tackle these issues with the best practicesof the Social and the Semantic Web, this paperproposes an approach for the automatic exchangeof resource descriptions via object-centered socialcommunities-builtonanXMPPandmDNSnet-working stack. The resulting infrastructure con-cept called Social Resource Promotion (SRP) willprovideanautomaticandsemanticwayforpeerin-teroperability and enable everyone to leverage hisveryownobject-centered,highlycustomizedinfor-mationmix.TheconceptofSRPwassuccessfullypositionedat the Federated Social Web Workshop 2011 inBerlin,whichalsoconfirmedmajorpartsofSRP'stechnologystackandarchitecturalprinciples.Taking these results as well as recent develop-mentsintoaccount,thispapercontinuesthedevel-opment and the realization of a prototype imple-mentation named SocIO, bringing to live the keyideasofSRP.The resulting software is publicly available,hostedonthesocialcodingplatformGitHub, andconstitutes the starting point for further develop-mentbytheauthororthecommunity.


"A man who should see Pan by daylight fell dead." --D. H. Lawrence, "Pan in America" "Here we have one of the origins of artistic activity." --Sigmund Freud, Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality "Who does not know Turner's Picture of the Golden Bough?" --James Frazer, The Golden Bough I On August 18, 1923, an angry D. H. Lawrence accompanies Frieda to the pier for her departure from New York to England. The married couple had just endured one of their bitterest and most representative quarrels according to their bystander friend, Catherine Carswell; the subject of their argument is not simply Lawrence's adamant refusal to accompany his wife back to Europe. (1) The livid issue between them--as it has persisted for more than a decade--remains Lawrence's resentment over a divided loyalty in her that he insensitively can no longer tolerate: the understandable need in Frieda to see her children stands as the primary reason for her decision to abandon for an undetermined period an emotionally volatile husband as he completes his travel in America and Mexico without her. Lawrence's superb biographer for this period in his life, David Ellis, quotes an unequivocal letter that he writes on August 7, 1923, to Middleton Murry: "F. wants to see her children. And you know, wrong or not, I can't stomach the chasing of these Weekley children" (Letters IV 480, Ellis 124). Frieda is just as adamant and scathing. On board the transatlantic liner, she writes to Adele Seltzer of her complete disgust with her husband's mood and vows not to return to him. While not justifying Lawrence's lack of empathy, Ellis maintains persuasively that Frieda's persistent guilt feelings, maternal anxieties, and distracted preoccupations over her children were "often to be interpreted by Lawrence as a betrayal" of him (126). After she departs, Lawrence initially embraced the belief that "his mission would have to be sustained alone"; perhaps too optimistically at first, he accepts his new status of independence as an "implicit denial of his relationship with Frieda as the center of his life" (132). As he travels alone in the weeks ahead, he rewrites parts of The Boy in the Bush to include an intrusive vindictiveness about the entire institution of marriage by making Jack suddenly consider the virtues of bigamy; it is an odd and unpersuasive revision of the novel that seems to suggest an attempt by a resentful Lawrence "to contemplate a way of life without Frieda" (136). A typically gracious letter by his loyal companion Gotzsche in late October describes how intensely Lawrence pines for Frieda and how clearly the rationalized confidence in the husband about the value of the separation has dissipated. Lawrence sails back to England in November 1923 in a depressed and anxious state. It is difficult not to connect his condition to Lawrence's view of the return as a major defeat for his bedrock notions of manly authority and self-reliance, involving an inevitable awareness in him of "that overly dependent temperament" (140) he would trace after 1919 to the contorted relationship with his strong-willed and often smothering mother. Much has been chronicled and analyzed about the months of emotional pain experienced by Lawrence after his return to England--with special emphasis within such commentary on his suspicions about the conspicuous closeness between Frieda and Murry when they meet him on his arrival, and on his distinct feelings of betrayal by his wife and close friend at the Cafe Royal dinner several weeks later. (2) His developing perception of Murry as a sexual rival and narcissistic manipulator, and of Frieda as a potential or actual adulterer, is sublimated effectively in the three "Murry Stories"--"The Last Laugh," "The Borderline," and "Jimmy and the Desperate Woman"--that Lawrence composed during this uncomfortable interlude in Europe before his return to New Mexico with Frieda. …


This research aimed to find a model of the development of management strategy of micro enterprise with souvenir creative product to empower the craftsmen peasant. The research location determined by purposive area technique in Subdistrict of Baturaden, Banyumas Regency and Subdistrict of Purbalingga Wetan, Purbalingga Regency, Central Java Province. The research method is a descriptive case study with qualitative and quantitative approach. The research result revealed that respondents implementing management strategies are simple, spontaneous and conventional so its difficult to improve productivity. The respondents rarely get the proper value of profit. The model of the development of management strategies are needed to improve the ability of respondents to manage micro enterprises properly. In the model attached elements to improvisation of behavior based on local resources. The dominant elements in the model are promotion and marketing techniques. The development of management strategies need a plan with phases: identification of problems and needs, strategy formulation, implementation, analysis, monitoring and control. The model is participatory so its potential to support the empowerment of craftsmen peasant.


The paper is devoted to a study of a vorticity of the unsteady MHD free convection flow through porous medium with heat and mass transfer past a porous vertical moving plate with heat source /sink. The vorticity of the flow has been found for different values of Prandtl number


A model was developed to simulate the post-solidification process of Fe-C-Si spheroidal graphite (SG) cast iron. The calculated results at the end of solidification, like the nodule count, austenite shell radius, graphite volume fraction, graphite spheroid radius and silicon distribution in the austenite shell were considered to be the initial conditions for the post-solidification model. After the end the solidification, the graphite spheroid continues to grow due to the decrease of carbon solubility in the austenite. This growth of graphite in austenite was controlled by the carbon flux diffusing through graphite/austenite interface. The eutectoid transformation was also simulated. The rate constants and indexes of ferrite and pearlite formation in the Kolmogrov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami's equation were modified from those which had been used for steel or SG cast iron in the literature. The growth of graphite during the eutectoid transformation was also investigated. The calculated results showed that about 50% of the graphite growth occurred after the end of solidification. The graphite growth that occurrs between eutectic equilibrium temperature and eutectoid equilibrium temperature occupies 40% of the total fraction and the rest 10% occurs during the eutectoid transformation. The calculated fractions of ferrite and pearlite agreed well with experimental result. Also from both the calculated and experimental results, it could be understood that the fraction of ferrite increased with decreasing part thickness.


Pietro Aretino (1492-1556) was an Italian writer who was one of the first to make a living from the printing press. As the 'scourge of princes' he was notorious across Europe for his acerbic wit. However after his death his fame sank when his entire works were placed on the Papal Index of Prohibited Books in 1559. In the century that followed Aretino was a controversial figure, associated with pornography and atheism in the popular imagination and, like Machiavelli, became synonymous with Italian vice in the minds of foreign readers. Despite the complex history of his posthumous reputation abroad, surprisingly little research has been done on the topic. Instead we are left with a few disconnected articles which tend to focus on specific instances of Aretino's works being used as sources for later writers. This thesis therefore provides the first unified approach to examining Aretino's posthumous reputation in the early modern period. It does so by treating his afterlife not as a finished product to be referred to by later readers, but uncovers the processes by which Aretino's reputation mutated through the mediation of editors, translators, writers, readers, engravers and purveyors of erotic art.

This thesis is divided into three main phases of Aretino's afterlife, which were previously compressed into a simple 'cause and effect' narrative of Aretino's work being censored in 1559 and his reputation immediately suffering because of it. In the first phase, Aretino's writing is still positively received by editors in England and the Low Countries attempting to restore his work back to their pre-censored state, and by English writers who see Aretino as an extemporal wit and a model for their growing professional aspirations. In the second phase, Aretino's reputation for bawdry and atheism is beginning to impact the way in which he is presented to later readers in Spain, the Low Countries, England, Germany and France, as translators and commentators begin to reframe his writing along newly enforced moral lines. In the third phase, two pornographic works with which Aretino initially had only a tangential relationship are misattributed to him and multiple images and texts from Italy, the Low Countries, England, and France are reproduced as 'Aretine' products.

While the majority of the literary references to Aretino in this thesis are to English writers, as this overview makes clear this is not a traditional bilateral comparative study of cultural exchange between Italy and England. Instead it places the English reception of Aretino within an European context, with the Low Countries proving to be unexpectedly prominent in the circulation of his work, even though up till now this connection has never been studied by critics outside of the Netherlands.


Variable reluctance (VR) resolver is an angular position sensor, which is commonly used in the automotive industry. In this article, a general method for determining the winding configuration of VR resolvers is proposed, which eases the manufacturing process. At first, the operational principle of conventional winding has been presented using mathematical formulations. Following that, the nonoverlapping tooth coil winding method, as the ideal winding option for VR resolver, has been extended, which can be applied to the VR resolver with arbitrary poles and stator tooth numbers. The method of determining the reference and signal windings presented and used to determine the winding for a two, six, and eight poles resolvers. The validity of the proposed winding is investigated using 3-D time stepping finite element analysis and experimental measurements.


Introduction: There are few studies on the epidemiology of non-CF bronchiectasis in the United States with limited data on etiology, predictors of acute exacerbations and mortality. We present these findings in a retrospective study of 259 patients. Methods: We identified patients with CT proven non-CF bronchiectasis during a five year period by querying ambulatory electronic medical records. We used a negative binomial regression to describe predictors of acute exacerbations and a multivariate Cox regression was used to investigate predictors of mortality. Results: A cause was found in 53 % of patients with infection being the most frequently identified cause (26 %). Airflow obstruction (IRR 1.5, 95 % CI 1.02 - 2.05, p= 0.03) and Pseudomonas colonization (IRR 2.1, 95 % CI 1.06 – 4.23, p= 0.03) were independently associated with a higher incidence of acute exacerbations. Five year mortality; 11.6 % and COPD (HR 2.6, 95 % CI: 1.1 – 6.4, p 0.03), severe radiographic disease: HR 2.4, 95 % CI: 1.1 – 5.1, p 0.02;, Cardiovascular disease: HR 2.6, 95 % CI: 1.3-5.2, p Conclusions: Non-CF bronchiectasis is more prevalent in women and associated with a higher incidence of acute exacerbations in patients with airflow obstruction and pseudomonas colonization. COPD, severe radiographic disease, PRISm, phenotype and cardiovascular disease were independent predictors of mortality.


Now-a-days demand of the electricity is increasing. India has struggled to resolve its energy shortage problems for decades. As the country is now facing an exotic energy crisis, the drive to find effective long-term energy solutions is stronger now than ever before. Renewable energy resources such as wind and solar energy are abundant in India. It is environmental friendly and also low cost. Renewable energy is only the root causes of this demand. The present situation of the electricity production and its consumption in the country were discussed. The solar energy generation potential of India in different sectors to produce energy is viewed. Energy crisis of solar energy has been reporting in MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy). In our nation, we are using some types of solar scheme. Under that scheme solar park and solar rooftop are popularly in practice to produce solar energy. The importance of utilization of solar energy resources for the production of electric power. The production rate is high in Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan, but low in Meghalaya and Puducherry. These renewable energy resources can play an effective and also considerable role in contributing toward energy security of the country. Developments of solar technology in before and after independent were presented and the future developments were discussed. Some prediction is made on the basis of preliminary observations. The flow chart of an estimated forecast of demand and supply of electricity for the next ten years is also projected in this paper. Keywords: Renewable Energy, Solar Energy, Power Production, total installation, Renewable energy sources (RES), Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), solar technology


The present study was conducted to know the status of biosecurity and prevalent parasitic diseases in finfish hatcheries of Jessore district. The peak season of seed production was found April to May. Management of biosecurity has been practiced to prevent disease outbreaks and exert quite satisfactory. It was observed; hatchery owners cleaned their hatchery units regularly and maintained hygiene (76.66%), water quality (56.66%), disinfected equipments (76.00%), stocked disease free broods (76.00%) and quarantine (56.66%). Prevalence of diseases were- lernaeasis (34.10%), argulosis (23.86%), leeches (11.36%), dactylogyrosis (7.95%), gyrodactylosis (10.23%) and others (12.50%) in brood fish and fry. In broods, average prevalence was 16.67% with 9.25% mortality. Besides average prevalence was 10-15% with 10% mortality in fry. The epizootiological pattern showed the highest frequency of parasitic diseases during winter because of loss of appetites. The study demonstrated that sumithion was used by (93.32%), magic (46.33%), depterax (56.67%), lime with KMnO4 (80.00%), lime with salt (66.67%) and lime- salt- KMnO4 (50.00%) by hatchery owners respectively for treatments. Lack of assistance, proper knowledge and suitable therapeutics with its proper use were the major problems in the hatcheries.


The paper introduces the characteristic of real-time operation system μC/OS-Ⅱ,and discusses the necessity of porting μC/OS-Ⅱ on 51 series MCU.Then the specific process of porting μC/OS-Ⅱ on C8051F120 which is selected as porting target is presented.The paper ends with designing test program to prove the success of the porting.


This CPM project is an attempt to develop a process improvement of a consistent training program for newly hired regulatory specialists in the South Carolina Department of Social Services Office of Child Care Licensing and Regulatory Services.


10. 19')4; 41: 1069-1103. Marin-Padilla M. Prenatal and early postnatal ontogenesis of the human motor cortex: A Golgi study. The sequential development of the cortical layers. Brain Res 1970;23:167-183. Pan E. Stringer JL. Role of potassium and calcium in the generation of cellular bursts in the dentate gyros. J Neurophysiol, 1997; 77:2298-1299. Rude RK. Hypocalcernia and hypoparathyroidism. In: Current therapy in endocrinology and metabolism, 6th edn. Ed. Bardin CW St. Louis, C. V Mosby Co. 1997; pp 548-557.


The application of nano-material on anti-corrosion coatings was focused on.The dispersion of nano particle,anti-corrosion mechanism and some kinds of nano particle modified anti-corrosion coatings were stated.Nano particle could improve the anti-corrosion ability of coating because of its excellent performance.


Through the habitat suitability evaluation of Mount Wutai Macaque Nature Reserve in Tongjiang County,the result shows that the survival area is 92. 45% of the whole area considering from the altitude factor while removing the not survival area. Considering from the slope factor,the most suitable,the suitable and the sub suitable study area is 84. 8% of the whole area. Considering from the aspect factor,the most suitable,the suitable and the sub suitable study area is 70. 7% of the whole area. Considering from the distribution of river,the suitable area reaches 20. 31%,the most suitable and the sub suitable area is 68. 06% and 9. 2%,the total is 97. 57%. From the forest vegetation,the most suitable area reaches 67. 5%,the total is 99. 7% combining with the suitable the sub suitable area. From the analysis of interference factors,removing of inappropriate area,the suitable survival area for macaque reaches 99. 58. Comprehensive evaluation of suitable habitat area is 13 730. 23 hm2,accounting for 47. 98% of the total area,the sub suitable area is 1 077. 48 hm2,accounting for 35. 22% of the total area. The not suitable area is 4 807. 328 hm2,accounting for 16. 8% of the total area. The assessment results consistent with the actual distribution of the macaque.


3612 Introduction: Early knowledge of rectal cancer response to preoperative combined modality therapy (CMT) may provide an opportunity to identify patients with minimal response and who may benefit from alternative treatment regimens. We prospectively evaluated the novel concept of assessing rectal cancer response with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) early after the commencement of preoperative CMT. Methods: 21 prospectively accrued patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (ERUS T3–4/N1) received preoperative CMT (5040 cGy with 5-FU-based chemotherapy). Patients were imaged with a PET scan prior to and 10–12 days after (early PET) commencement of CMT. PET scans were interpreted by two Nuclear Medicine physicians using four specific parameters [(SUVmax, SUVaverage, total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and visual response score (VRS)]. Percent pathologic response was quantified using whole mount sections. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was defined as no viable tumor cells on patholo...


Schulman et al reported reduction in interval-abortion time and decreased side effects when prostaglandin (PG) E2 vaginal suppositories were administered within a contraceptive diaphragm. The authors conducted a study to confirm Schulman et al' finding. 2 groups of 20 patients with gestational ages ranging from 13 to 20 weeks were matched. 1 group (non-diaphragm) had a 20 mg. suppository inserted every 4 hours high in the vaginal fornix. The other group (diaphragm) had a contraceptive diaphragm containing the suppository inserted at 4-hour intervals. The authors' protocol differed from that of Schulman's in that oxytocin sensitivity was not sought and PGE2 alone was used. Oxytocin, however, was used to promote placental expulsion following fetal delivery in 4 cases. There were no statistically significant differences observed between the groups with respect to total drug dose (84 mg. for diaphragm group and 80 mg. for non-diaphragm), abortion-interval time (15.2 hours vs. 14.3 respectively), or frequency of side effects (vomiting, diarrhea). Schulman's reduced side effects may have followed the decreased absorption rate of PGE2 and avoidance of plasma peaks secondary to reduction in drug-mucosal interface. Schulman also reported onset of uterine activity in the diaphragm group (mean, 41 minutes) versus the control group's mean of 79.4 minutes. There is no known physiologic explanation for such findings.


Genetic resistance is the most efficient, economical and environmental friendly approach against black rust of wheat. Although, evolution of new physiological races/pathotypes which can overcome the response of current resistant cultivar has engender to focus on evaluation of large number of wheat germplasms, breeding materials, cultivars for their reaction to black rust. Field based assessment for adult plant resistance in promising fifty entries against predominant pathotype 40-A of black rust revealed that forty eight entries showed resistance with lower AUDPC value in the range of 0 to 240 as compared to highly susceptible check varieties i.e. Lok 1 and Agra Local which showed AUDPC value of 1305 and 2000, respectively. But, amongst the forty eight resistant entries, forty entries showed durable resistance due to slower development of disease under high disease pressure which could be due to the presence of effective adult plant resistance Sr genes. Result of correlation coefficient between CI with both the disease parameters i.e. AUDPC (r=99**) and FRS (r=98**) also showed highly significant positive association.


Consideration is given to magnetodynamics of high-coercivity submicron particles suspended in a liquid and exposed to an AC magnetic field with subcritical (smaller than article coercivity) amplitude. In experiments, use is made of chromium dioxide particles, different-viscosity liquids, and magnetic fields with frequency of 430 Hz and amplitude of up to 230 Oe. The registered dynamic magnetization curves are analyzed within the framework of models of orientational dynamics of single-domain particles and magnetic clusters. The possibility of applying high-coercivity particles for magnetodynamic probing viscosity of liquids is discussed.


This study uses a quantitative methodology to explore the impact of contingency factors on use of strategic management accounting techniques (SMA), and combined impact of SMA Usage and contingency factors on organisational performance in a less developed country (LDC) context.
The exploratory framework included two main dependent variables, namely SMA Usage and organisational performance. For the former, this study gauged the impact of perceived environmental uncertainty (competitive intensity and market turbulence), business strategy (prospector /defender), organisational structure (formalisation and decentralisation), organisational size and organisational technology on SMA Usage. For the latter, this study explored two dimensions of organisational performance (financial and non-financial) and how the conceptualised dimension(s) of organisational structure, SMA Usage, perceived environmental uncertainty and organisational strategy impact on performance.
Data were collected from Palestinian large companies (cross sectors); was used to test the conceptualised framework. The analysis was based on 175 responses, representing a response rate of 43.75%. The SPSS package was used to confirm the reliability and validity of factors and also statistically estimated the association coefficients of the conceptualised relationships in the framework.
The findings from this study suggest that the usage of SMA techniques is influenced by a number of factors. These are perceived environmental uncertainty (Market Turbulence) and organisational technology. Also, larger organisations tend to use more SMA techniques than smaller.


This paper is intended to be a summary of the ideas provided by Yichen Xie & Alex Aiken [1]. Their results will be compred to the conclusions of Nenad Jovanovic, Christopher Kruegel & Engin Kirda in [2]. Both author teams seek to reduce security vulnerabilities in PHP applications through static analysis techniques with two different approaches, each having their own advantages and drawbacks. Nenad Jovanovic, Christopher Kruegel & Engin Kirda try to find XSS vulnerabilities using taint checking, whereas Yichen Xie & Alex Aiken focus on sql injection attacks using a custom three-tier architecture that could be best described as reverse taint checking, since their approach consists of analysing the control flow of the application and concluding, which initial variables must not be tainted, in contrast to normal taint checking, where variables are traced through a given application.


ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to study the effects of alkali and alkali-silane surface treatments on Spartium junceum (Sj) fibers characteristics. Then, untreated and surface treated fibers were incorporated into a poly(lactic acid) matrix and the properties of the composites were studied. To improve the adhesion at the interface between the PLA matrix and alkali-silane treated fibers, maleic anhydride-grafted poly (lactic acid) (PLA-g-MA) was added as a compatibilizer. FTIR and TGA analysis proved the efficiency of the alkali treatment in removing some non-cellulosic components, namely hemicelluloses and lignin. Also, XRD results showed that the applied chemical treatments contribute to the increase in the crystallinity index of the Sj fibers. The incorporation of Sj fibers was found to decrease notably the impact strength of PLA and to affect its thermal behavior by increasing the melting temperature of the composites. However, it has been observed that the treatments increased notably the composites impact properties. These results have been confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of the composites fractured surfaces which revealed a more intimate contact between the Sj fibers and the PLA matrix after surface modification. Also, the PLA-g-MA acted positively on the adhesion in the interfacial region. Graphical Abstract


In this essay, we analyze Mencius's ethics through the lenses of Augustine's critique of pagan virtue and its tendency to self-love. In the first part of this essay, we outline the basic conceptual framework of Augustine's theory of virtue and the brunt of his criticism of the pagan virtue tradition. In the latter part, we explore how Mencius manages to avoid the Augustinian charge against the pagans that they render virtue subservient to honor, and how he largely agrees with Augustine on what place public performance of virtuous deeds should have. At the same time, Mencius's emphasis on loving virtue for its own sake at times slides into expressions of taking delight in one's own virtue, a subtler form of self-love that Augustine identifies especially in the Stoic philosophy. While Mencius gives space to the role of Heaven in his ethic, he lacks the theocentric pathos of Augustine, which includes, inter alia, an acknowledgment of our human frailty and deep dependence on God's grace. Although Mencius's ethical ideas ultimately correspond rather to those that Augustine associates with pagan virtue, Mencius represents at least a "higher" form that finds meaningful common ground with Augustine on several important issues.


Screening for latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (LTBI) and treatment of test-positives is the cornerstone in the prevention of TB and should be performed preferably among individuals with risk for progression. Progression from LTBI to active TB is highest in recent contacts of patients with active TB. Moreover, it is considered particularly high in latently infected patients if they are also immunodeficient. Therefore, screening for evidence of LTBI is recommended for HIV-infected individuals, patients with chronic renal failure, individuals receiving immunosuppressive drug therapy following solid organ or stem cell transplantation, and patients with autoimmune diseases.1 ,2 Since by definition LTBI lacks the gold standard of bacteriological confirmation, the condition is diagnosed indirectly by detection of an immune response towards mycobacterial antigens with either the tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-γ release assays (IGRA) performed from whole blood. IGRA may have test-intrinsic and operational advantages over the TST: due to the use of M. tuberculosis -specific antigens, IGRA have been shown to be more specific than the TST and allow distinction of infections with M. tuberculosis from immunity towards bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) or most non-tuberculous mycobacteria.3 Moreover, unlike the TST, which has been shown to be of low sensitivity in immunocompromised patients, IGRA seem to be less affected by immunodeficiency, as frequently reflected by a higher percentage of positive test results in IGRA compared with TST in head-to-head comparative analyses.4 Finally, as IGRA are performed along with negative and positive controls, indeterminate results due to failure of responses in the positive control (phytohaemagglutinin) may increase with increasing immunodeficiency and potentially allow to discriminate true negative from falsely negative test results. Our knowledge about the effect of immunosuppressive drugs on TST and IGRA results remains somewhat limited as the individual studies published to date suffer from sample sizes, …


Since the Edmonton protocol of pancreatic islet transplantation was reported to be used successfully in 7 type Ⅰ diabetic patients in 2000,more and more work has been done in the field of islet transplantation around the world.However,the success of clinical transplantation is limited by two major factors.First,islet transplantation is presently hampered by the shortage of organ donors.Second,the immunosuppressive regimen required may have adverse effects on graft viability.Recently,scientists are exploring new ways for islets transplantation.Especially,reprogramming inducible stem cells (iPS),regulatory T cells,umbilical cord blood stem cells and a variety of new technologies has gained initial success,and will provide us with more options.Here we reviewed the present status of islet cells transplantation in the treatment of type Ⅰ diabetes and the future prospects.


Objective To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of closing pelvic peritoneum by using transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM) suture technique after laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for rectal carcinoma.Methods Thirty-two patients undergoing selective laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for low-rectal carcinoma in our hospital from September 2010 to July 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.By learning from the unique TEM intracorporeal suture technique,the pelvic peritoneum was closed by continuous suture after lymph node dissection and tumor excision during operation,using TEM needle-forceps and an absorbable suture with Hemo-lock clip grasping two sides.The achievement ratio of closing pelvic peritoneum and the occurrence rate of perineal incision infection and intestinal obstruction were analyzed respectively.Results The pelvic peritoneum was closed successfully in 29 patients of all the 32 patients,with an achievement ratio of 90.6%.The average time for closing the pelvic peritoneum by suturing was15 minutes(range of 10 to 30 minutes).The occurrence rate of perineal incision infection and intestinal obstruction in the 29 patients whose pelvic peritoneum closed successfully were both 3.4%(1/29),while that was both 33.3%(1/3) in the 3 patients whose pelvic peritoneum failed to be closed.Conclusions Closing pelvic peritoneum is necessary after laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for rectal carcinoma.It is feasible and effective to close pelvic peritoneum by using TEM intracorporeal suture technique.


Political scientists have largely overlooked the democratic challenges inherent in the governance of U.S. public education—despite profound implications for educational delivery and, ultimately, social mobility and economic growth. In this study, we consider whether the interests of adult voters who elect local school boards are likely to be aligned with the needs of the students their districts educate. Specifically, we compare voters and students in four states on several policy-relevant dimensions. Using official voter turnout records and rich microtargeting data, we document considerable demographic differences between voters who participate in school board elections and the students attending the schools that boards oversee. These gaps are most pronounced in majority nonwhite jurisdictions and school districts with the largest racial achievement gaps. Our novel analysis provides important context for understanding the political pressures facing school boards and their likely role in perpetuating educational and, ultimately, societal inequality.


An advanced identification algorithm is proposed for the on-line estimation of the non-measurable state variables and coefficients of the IAWPRC biodegradation dynamic model for the Activated Sludge process. The new algorithm employs real-time measurable data. This paper represents a first step in a mathematical methodology which intends to improve the present techniques used for model calibration and validation. The algorithm is based on a recursive non-linear extended Kaiman filter and it has been verifiedrby using simulated values of the measurable data. These simulations describe the behaviour of a specific physical configuration of the AS process under steady and transient operational conditions. When the coefficients are assumed to be known, the algorithm estimates the state rapidly and accurately even when the measurements are affected by a very high degree of noise and the initial estimates are very far from the real values. The speed of convergence of the algorithm decreases when neither the states nor the coefficients of the model are known.


The use of RAPDs for comparative purposes relies on the assumption that similarity of fragment size is a dependable indicator of homology. To test the validity of this assumption, homology among 220 pairs of comigrating fragments from three wild sunflower species was determined. Ninety‐one per cent cross‐hybridized and/or displayed congruent restriction fragment profiles suggestive of homology. However, comparative linkage mapping data indicated that 13% of the homologous loci mapped to genomic locations that were incongruent with the majority of loci, suggestive of paralogous rather than orthologous relationships. Thus, of the 220 pairwise comparisons, only 174 (79.1%) identified loci that are useful for comparative genetic studies. These problems, as well as several other factors discussed in the text, will introduce noise into RAPD data sets and thereby reduce the probability of generating accurate estimates of genetic relationships. Recommended methods for reducing noise in RAPD data sets include increasing gel resolution and/or testing fragment homology. However, implementation of these approaches will not eliminate all uncertainties, and it is also recommended that RAPD data sets be tested for structure and reliability.


This paper summarized the calculational results of neutron streaming through a Clinch River Breeder Reactor (CRBR) Prototype coolant pipe chaseway. Particular emphasis is placed on results at bends in the chaseway. Calculations were performed with three three-dimensional codes: the discrete ordinates radiation transport code TORT and Monte Carlo radiation transport code MORSE, which were developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), and the discrete ordinates code ENSEMBLE, which was developed in Japan. The purpose of the calculations is not only to compare the calculational results with the experimental results, but also to compare the results of TORT and MORSE with those of ENSEMBLE. In the TORT calculations, two types of difference methods, weighted-difference method was applied in ENSEMBLE calculation. Both TORT and ENSEMBLE produced nearly the same calculational results, but differed in the number of iterations required for converging each neutron group. Also, the two types of difference methods in the TORT calculations showed no appreciable variance in the number of iterations required. However, a noticeable disparity in the computer times and some variation in the calculational results did occur. The comparisons of the calculational results with the experimental results, showed for the epithermal neutron flux generally good agreement inmore » the first and second legs and at the first bend where the two-dimensional modeling might be difficult. Results were fair to poor along the centerline of the first leg near the opening to the second leg because of discrete ordinates ray effects. Additionally, the agreement was good throughout the first and second legs for the thermal neutron region. Calculations with MORSE were made. These calculational results and comparisons are described also. 8 refs., 4 figs.« less


According to the principles of fire fighting safety evacuation design of high-rise buildings,this paper discussed the optimization scheme of fire fighting safety evacuation design of high-rise buildings from extending danger time,shortening evacuation begin and escape time,monitoring fire fighting evacuation induced system design and other aspects,so as to scientific and rational design the fire fighting safety evacuation facilities of high-rise buildings.


Two quadruplet configurations with both single and mixed couplings are proposed in this work and the synthesis of filters comprising cascades of these quadruplets is presented. EM implementations of two quadruplet configurations as Combline filters centered at 1 GHz achieving 5% fractional bandwidth are demonstrated. The simulated electrical performance of the EM models agrees well with their circuit counterparts.


Access control software must be based on a security policy model as software flaws often come from a lack of precision or some incoherences in the policy model. In this paper, we introduce an abstract framework allowing to define access control policies, in a very concise way, offering to refine specifications through several levels and ending by different possible implementations. Such a framework allows to formally reason about security policies and also to compare them, a point which is rarely approached. As an illustration, we give a formal description of the Bell and LaPadula and the Chinese Wall policies and we briefly sketch how to compare these two policies.


have been larger and sharper, but it would also have been helpful had there been large-scale line drawings of each design. As there are thirty-nine examples of the king hunting boar and eighteen of the Bahram Gur plaque, a composite drawing would have recorded most of the design. Furthermore, the plate layout is poor and wasteful of space, and the captions would be more helpful if they included both dimensions and a reference to the relevant pages in the text. While discussing faults, it is hard to believe that the typewritten format of the catalogue, chosen 'for reasons of economy' was really the cheapest method of reproduction. Even with a fairly tightly typed page much space is wasted, and some pages, thanks to their columnar format, have as few as thirty-seven words, apart from the headings. Microfiche cards might seem a better alternative, with the additional merit of more than halving the size of the book. These errors are, however, errors of production, and they in no way reduce the debt of the scholarly community to Dr. Thompson for the painstaking way she has gone through all the dig archives and rescued as much information as possible on the architecture and the excavated stuccoes. It would have been useful if she had also been able to include some discussion of the commercially excavated stuccoes bought by the Philadelphia Museum of Art. The ostraca, illustrated on pis. xxvr-xxxvi, have been made available for other scholars to work on, while the pottery and small finds still await publication. The dating of stucco presents many problems, not least because the date of the building only provides the terminus post quern, and the decorative scheme will have been renewed and restored numerous times during the occupation of the building. Even at late Parthian Qaleh-i Yazdigird, a site only occupied for a short time, much of the stucco in the Garden Pavilion had been renewed, as is proved by the numerous panels found on a rubbish dump outside the wall (E. J. Keall, Iran xiv (1976), 164; ibid, xv (1977), 1-9). In her book Dr. Thompson has not only rescued and published a group of'lost' material, but she has also been able to define its date and has begun to establish a groundwork for dating stucco and related works of other periods.


First results are presented in relation with experimental and theoretical studies performed at the CORIA laboratory in the general framework of the determination of the chemical analysis of Tokamak plasma facing materials by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in picosecond regime. Experiments are performed on W in a specific chamber. This chamber is equipped with a UV-visible-near IR spectroscopic device. Boltzmann plots are derived for typical laser characteristics. We show that the initial excitation temperature is close to 12 000 K followed by a quasi steady value close to 8500 K. The ECHREM (Euler code for CHemically REactive Multicomponent laser-induced plasmas) code is developed to reproduce the laser-induced plasmas. This code is based on the implementation of a Collisional-Radiative model in which the different excited states are considered as full species. This state-to-state approach is relevant to theoretically assess the departure from excitation and chemical equilibrium. Tested on aluminum, the model shows that the plasma remains close to excitation equilibrium.


Chapters 5 through 9 cover the methodological aspects of polls and surveys. These chapters may have some value to a manager who needs a quick introduction to the issues that must be managed in a survey if its results are to be valuable to him or her. These chapters may also help such a manager in structuring an intelligent relationship with the market research department or agency on which he or she may rely. The chapters are not adequate, however, to give the manager the capability to execute the research personally. Chapter 5 discusses the pros and cons of data collection methods, namely personal interviewing and telephone and mail surveys. Focus groups are not mentioned. Chapter 6 is an introduction to survey sampling, and includes such topics as sample frame, sample design, sample error, and sample size. The most common methods of respondent selection also are described. Chapter 7 on question wording, Chapter 8 on data analysis and interpretation, and Chapter 9 on sampling bias and nonsampling error are very elementary in their treatment of the topics. The marketing research student or practitioner would be better off turning to standard marketing research texts to explore these topics. The final two chapters of the books turn to the societal aspects of polls and surveys. They examine the impact of polls and surveys on various constituencies and thereby frame the debate for public policy. The four major charges against polls are that they influence elections, invade privacy, oversimplify issues, and are ultimately meaningless. It is these two concluding chapters that perhaps provide the most value to this book. The preceding chapters give the reader sufficient expertise to question, as citizens or as students, whether polls and surveys help shape a better society.


Segmented attenuation maps can be either calculated from transmission data or with a limited accuracy from emission data. The authors developed two new methods based on adaptive fuzzy inference systems for the transmission segmentation (TSF, Transmission Segmentation by Fuzzy Inference) and for the segmentation of FDG emission images (ESF, Emission Segmentation by Fuzzy Inference). TSF: The main problem, which is the adaptation of the membership functions to the measured data, was solved by adjusting the system with the histogram fitting approach used in the authors' routine segmentation. The fuzzy system allows for a scan time reduction down to 40 s-50 s per bed position and is limited by a local bias in the center of the attenuation map. This system was additionally combined with local thresholding operators based on a fuzzy edge detection leading to accurate results even at 30 s. ESF: In uncorrected FDG emission images the lungs appear with a positive intensity compared to the background, which is almost zero. Based on this effect, ESF allows for an automatic segmentation of 18-FDG emission scans with an error of 10-15% in image quantification. Both methods were evaluated with the same phantom and simulated data, and compared with the authors' standard (Histogram Fitting Segmentation).


This article examines the gradual emergence of an integrated technological and behavioral approach to mobile source emissions control in the United States. Confronted with the persistence of urban air quality problems in regions experiencing rapid population growth and decentralization, the Environmental Protection Agency recently developed a set of guidelines to permit metropolitan regions to receive air quality "credit" for the adoption of "smart growth" land use practices. Following an examination of the predominant emissions control philosophy that has guided federal air quality management for more than thirty years, the author outlines three stages in the existing air quality planning process through which metropolitan planning organizations may receive credit for land use– based control strategies and recommends a set of institutional changes needed to foster the development of an integrated land use, transportation, and air quality management framework.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to know the effect of graphite particles distribution on wear behavior of ingots of an aluminium‐graphite, Al‐Gr(p), composite.Design/methodology/approach – By SEM and optical microscope, it was observed that the graphite particles were entrapped and placed at different regions of the aluminium ingots as they were cooled under three different cooling rate during solidification, mantaining 4.5 wt% of graphite content. Size of particles entrapped, were measured at three different region of the ingots.Findings – Smaller size of graphite particles distribution were found in regions where the cooling rate was higher, while bigger size were located in regions where the cooling rate was lower, this phenomenon could improve the wear resistant performance found in ingots containing smaller graphite particles.Research limitations/implications – A suitable dispersion of small graphite particles entrapped into a fine structure of the aluminium‐graphite composite as a result of h...


IN January 2006, I used this space to depart from my all-too-dystopic view of the world of education reform to welcome, albeit tepidly, the Canadian Council on Learning (CCL). I spent several paragraphs describing the political risks that historically accompany national education initiatives in Canada, but I wrote that the initial signals had been positive. While the CCL had fallen well short of pledging to speak truth to power, its leadership seemed determined to create and use research to inform its own practice and the advice it would offer to policy makers. It had accumulated significant amounts of good will with stakeholders and was making the right noises about collaboration, vision, and new paradigms. It was true that some of the CCL's key players seemed as recycled as the corporate-speak they used to promote their product, but, hey, my New Year's resolution for 2006 was to be less judgmental. Now that we're well into 2007, I can report that neither that resolution nor this year's sequel--to be less critical--survived its respective holiday season. Others who made similar resolutions were apparently more successful in keeping them, since I have been unable to find any "stakeholder" prepared to criticize the CCL's flagship initiative, the Composite Learning Index (CLI). Everyone with any interest in lifelong learning, however tangential, praised the release of the CLI: 2006. The CCL even excerpted on its website choice bits of fan mail it had received. (1) Shortly after it was established with $85 million in funding from the federal government, the CCL promised to create an annual index. Skeptics who had been battered by superficial, league-table approaches to comparing educational outcomes were heartened by CCL's avowed fealty to the vision expressed in Learning: The Treasure Within. (2) This 1996 report to UNESCO, often referred to as the Delors Report, remains the touchstone of many progressive educators. CCL's president and CEO, Paul Cappon, promised to choose indicators associated with the four pillars of the Delors Report: Learning to Know, Learning to Do, Learning to Live Together, and Learning to Be. The conceptual breadth of the project pleased those who believe that education is not well served by simplistic comparisons of test scores. The provinces were pleased that the index would eschew any awkward mention of inputs, such as funding for education, in favor of "outputs." Colleges and universities believed that including items pertaining to postsecondary participation might advance their arguments for deregulated tuition, increased funding, or both. Employers' groups and corporate lobbies were assured that competitiveness and productivity would be front and center. The quant-o-philes would be able to play with interactive online charts of data and surf an impressive website. So much mileage from a mere 15 indicators and a single grand total! To be fair, relying on indicators is a risky business--made much riskier by counting on "bundles" of indicators to describe complex phenomena. An indicator is always a proxy for the real thing being measured: the average price of a restaurant's entree selections may, or may not, indicate the quality of the food being served. Everything flows from the nature of the relationship between the proxy and the real thing. Well, almost everything. Even if the proxy is a valid indicator of what is being measured, how accurately the proxy is assessed matters as well. Knowing what the restaurant charged for steak three years ago--under different management and presided over by a different chef--can mislead the most discerning client. I should acknowledge that educational researchers are often forced to settle for second-or even 10th-best indicators when the ones they want don't exist. The information void at the center of Canadian education, a problem I also addressed in my previous article on the CCL, has resulted in a dearth of national data in certain domains and an overreliance on data that were collected for very different purposes or too long ago to be helpful. …


Computational fluid dynamic simulations involve large state data, leading to performance degradation due to data transfer times, while requiring large disk space. To alleviate the situation, an adaptive lossy compression algorithm has been developed, which is based on regions of interest. This algorithm uses prediction-based compression and exploits the temporal coherence between subsequent simulation frames. The difference between the actual value and the predicted value is adaptively quantized and encoded. The adaptation is in line with user requirements, that consist of the acceptable inaccuracy, the regions of interest and the required compression throughput. The data compression algorithm was evaluated with simulation data obtained by the discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method. We analyzed the performance, compression ratio and inaccuracy introduced by the lossy compression algorithm. The post processing analysis shows high compression ratios, with reasonable quantization errors.


The sociology of Latin American agricultural and agrarian development draws its origins in the anthropological tradition. Like the latter, it concentrated first on the indigenous rural community. It was only in the fifties that it left this field to become more dedicated to the problems of agrarian structures and agricultural development, which are crucial for Latin America's development. Studies might be classified under the following main items: History and tendencies in the sociological research in this particular field. Agrarian


User-centric base station (BS) cooperative transmission strives to satisfy the quality of service of each user no matter where the user is located. The resulting user-dependent cooperative clusters are inevitably overlapped. To minimize the mean square error of channel estimation assisting user-centric downlink cooperative transmission, the training signals sent from the BSs in each cluster or from the users selecting the same BS in their clusters should be mutually orthogonal. In this paper, we study the orthogonal training resource-allocation problem for user-centric cooperative network aiming at minimizing the overall training overhead. We find the optimal solution through a graph-theoretic approach. To provide a feasible solution for large-scale networks, a low-complexity algorithm is then proposed. Simulation results show that the algorithm performs closely to the optimal solution, and both provide remarkably higher net throughput than the system with fixed clustering.


In order to avoid project managers' failing to perform appropriate risk control actions in a planning phase of the project, we propose an awareness system to display the appropriate risk control actions to the project managers. Because the project manager needs practical risk control actions, the awareness system extracts sentences of risk control actions from past project reports that are accumulated in the information system development company. The proposed system identifies the sentences that are related to the target risk in the project reports and extracts sentences of the risk control action from the project reports with the related sentences. In order to identify the related sentences to the target risk, the proposed system makes clusters of sentences with constraints to include sentences of risk control actions, and relates the target risk to the cluster that has the similar sentence to the sentence of the target risk. The experimental result shows that the proposed system can extract the sentences of risk control actions at Fmeasure of 65.7%.


This paper investigates the pedagogical factors affecting the implementation of ICT applications on teaching and learning English from the instructors' point of view. It also discusses the instructors' practices in using online tools for English departments. Using a mixed method approach, this study selected 57 instructors from various universities in Iraq to be involved in the survey and 7 respondents were selected for in-depth interview. The study has shown that the instructors have demonstrated positive attitudes towards ICT application in EFL classroom as they claimed that the technology helps in creating conducive environment for effective teaching and learning. However, in order for the universities in Iraq to use ICT applications comprehensively, there is a need for the teachers to be trained to use computers, online facilities, graphic and multimedia, electronic communication, video and animation in classroom environment.


A sequencing batch reactor(SBR)was used to remove high concentration nitrogen,phosphorus and COD in the abattoir wastewater.The results showed that step-feed could avoid high-level build-up of nitrate and nitrite during the nitrification and create anaerobic conditions for biological phosphorus removal.Two types of abattoir wastewater were used as raw wastewater,one was the effluent from abattoir wastewater and the other was the pre-fermentor wastewater.After a 3-month start-up,removal efficiencies of total phosphorus,total nitrogen and COD were higher than 96%,95% and 95.5%,respectively,when total phosphate,total nitrogen and COD in the influent were 36.5 mg/L,226 mg/L and 2615 mg/L,respectively,under the condition of a sludge age of 14 days at 35 ℃.The concentrations of total phosphate,total nitrogen and COD in the effluent were lower than 1.4 mg/L,10.8 mg/L and 95 mg/L,respectively.


The present method gives a detailed description for the development and validation of a simple stability indicating reverse phase liquid chromatographic method for 10-hydroxycamptothecin(10-HCTN) in the presence of its impurities namely Imp A and Imp B along with degradation products generated from forced degradation studies. The drug was subjected to stress conditions of hydrolysis (acid, base and neutral), oxidative, photolytic and thermal stress degradation. Degradation was observed when subjected to treatment with peroxides or under conditions normally used for typical acid and base hydrolysis. The drug was found to be stable under other stress conditions attempted such as photolytic and thermal. Successful separation and isolation of the drug from related impurities and degradation products formed under stress conditions was achieved on an Inertsil ODS-3V (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using a phosphate buffer, acetonitrile, methanol and Nanopure water. The developed HPLC method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, robustness and solution stability. The assay method was found to be linear in the range of 0.16 mg/mL to 0.24 mg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 and the linearity of the impurities was established from 0.02% (LOQ) to 0.3%. Recoveries of assay and impurities were found between 99.4% and 100.3%. The developed HPLC method can be used to determine the related substances and assay determinations of 10-HCTN and also to evaluate the quality and long term stability of production samples.


In the January 1958 issue of TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL, the undersigned presented a theoretical analysis of the influence of geometry on torque developed in singles yarn twisting. The efi<ects of fiber torsion and fiber bending were considered, and the total yarn torque was determined by summation (integration) over the yarn area of the contribution to the yarn torque of fiber torque and fiber bending


A new, pulsed pump–cw probe technique, transient gain spectroscopy, has been used to measure the zero pressure lifetime (279±10 ns) and self‐collision depopulation rate (110.5±3.1 μs−1 Torr−1) for the H2CO A 1A2 41 JKa,Kc =132,12 level as well as the 122,11←132,12(31±8 μs−1 Torr−1) and 142,13←132,12(40±6 μs−1 Torr−1) rotational relaxation rates. The dominant collisional process is rotational energy transfer, which, for the H2CO(A)+H2CO(X) process examined here, appears to follow dipole–dipole scaling and propensity rules. The 110.5 μs−1 Torr−1 depopulation rate in the A state agrees with the vibrationless X state rate obtained from microwave power broadening scaled by the 1.46 D/2.33 D electric dipole moment ratio. The two strongest a‐dipole rotational state‐to‐state rates account for more than 50% of the total removal rate from H2CO A 41 132,12.


In this paper, a combined sensor to detect both magnetic field and rotation based on Lissajous- FM (LFM) technique is proposed. Two axes of a slightly mode-mismatched 2-DOF resonator are coupled both by Coriolis and Lorentz forces. When the sensing current is applied in proportion to the oscillation displacement, angular rate and magnetic field could be independently detected by sum and difference of the frequencies. Also, these changes are orthogonal each other, therefore, they could be further separated by the orthogonal synchronous demodulation. The principle was confirmed by the numerical simulation. The frequencies were linearly modulated by both magnetic field and angular rate.


Abstract We have developed and optimized a capture step for the purification of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) on MabSelect SuRe, which is a Protein A-based affinity chromatography medium. The use of PreDictor prefilled 96-well filter plates allowed us to investigate a large experimental space in order to find the best conditions for the capture step. Once these conditions were identified, fine tuning and verifications were carried out with HiScreen prepacked columns on an ÄKTATM design system. Finally, a scale-up protocol was developed and tested under robust production conditions. The procedure described in this application note represents an efficient and robust solution for highthroughput process development.


Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of using T cell responses to three RD1-encoded gene products for diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)infection.Methods We used ex vivo γ-interferon enzyme-linked immunospot assays to test T cell responses to three novel gene products encoded by RD1(Rv3873,Rv3878,and Rv3879c)in 49 patients(TB group)who were bacteriologically confirmed by positive cultures for MTB and 38 healthy BCG-vaccinated donors(control group).Forty-nine overlapping peptides were tested in all participants.Results The T cell response rates to Rv3873,Rv3878,and Rv3879c were 53%(95% CI:39%-67%),35%(95% CI:22%-48%),and 45%(95% CI:31%-]57%),respectively,in the TB group and were 7.9%,2.6%,and 2.6%,respectively,in the control group.Conclusion Rv3879c peptides can be candidates for inclusion in new T cell-based tests for MTB infection.


When (_+)aoxoguaiacylglycerol-/3(vanillic acid) ether (1) is degraded by Fusarium solani M-13-1, the a-ketone is initially reduced to give erythro and threo guaiacylglycerol-fl-(vanillic acid) ethers (2), arylglycerol-fl-aryl ethers, both of which are enantiomerically pure. The absolute configuration in each 2 was determined by Mosher's method; the products were converted to a,v-di-( R )-a-methoxy-a-trifluoromethylphen ylacetates (MTPA esters) (3') of erythro ( ) and threo (+)veratrylglycerol-fl-(methyl vanillate) ethers (3), whose 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were examined and compared with those of four di-(R)-MTPA ester (3') diastereomers from chemically synthesized erythro (+)-3 and threo (-+)-3. To assign the aand v-MTPA-OCH3 peaks, the 1H NMR scans of several compounds that have substructures of 3' and their 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl analogues were examined. When a racemic alcohol reacts with (R)-MTPA to give a pair of (R)-MTPA ester diastereomers, the Ad value was defined as the absolute value of the difference in the 1H chemical shifts of the peak between the diastereomers. It was found that the A6 values of a-MTPAOCH3 were larger than those of 7-MTPA-OCH3 owing to a shielding effect of the veratryl ring located on the aMTPA-OCH3, and that the a-MTPA-OCH3 peaks in the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl compounds shifted downfield relative to those in the veratryl compounds. On the basis of the 1H NMR data of (R)-MTPA esters, the absolute configuration of the four chemically prepared diastereomers (3') were determined. The catabolic erythro 3' [from erythro (-)-3] and threo 3' [from threo (+)-3] were identical to (R, aS, flR)-erythro 3' and (R, aS, flS)-threo 3', respectively. An hydrogen species in the fungal reduction woald attack the a-ketone from re-face of both (J3R)-I and (/3S)-L giving erythro (aS,/3R)-2 and threo (aS,/3S)-2, respectively.


A new species of spider namely Yaginumaella aishwaryi sp. nov. (Fam.: Salticidae), is described from Kerala, India. Detailed morphological characters and illustrations of body and copulatory organs of the species are presented. Salticids are the largest and most diverse family in India with nearly 181 described species (Siliwal, 2005). Even though their number is larger, they are one of the least studied families among Indian spiders. Previous works on Indian salticids are that of Tikader (1967, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977), Zabkha (1981), Prosynski (1992a,b, 2000, 2003, 2012). In this paper I report the discovery of a new species of Yaginumaella found in India. The Yaginumaella is a tropical genus with nearly 38 described species from Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, India, China, Taiwan, Korea, Russia and Japan. Proszyn'ski, has reported that Yaginumaella is closely similar to, and may well be synonymous with, Ptocasius. Only Yaginumaella species reported from India is Y. senchalensis Proszyn'ski, 1992.


This paper attempts to develop an understanding of the ways in which Korean, Chinese, and Japanese middle school textbooks depict colonial rule and resistance in the period of Japanese expansion in Northeast Asia. The first section discusses the three nations' distinct perspectives on the period of Japanese invasion. The second section examines the memory of resistance, namely the March First Movement, or Samil Movement, and the May Fourth Movement, which are taught as major turning points in the independence movement in Korea and China, respectively. Japan's policy of securing wartime armament, discussed at length in Korean and Chinese textbooks, is examined in the third section. In addition to material mobilization, the forced nature of human resource mobilization is also covered extensively. Manchuria is discussed in the fourth section because of it being the historical intersection of Korea, China, and Japan. The final section details the importance of August 15, 1945.


An ejecting lock handle device of a door simplifies the structure by decreasing the number of parts, thereby realizing the low cost. The lock handle device (1) includes a handle housing (2), an inner cylinder (3), a locking member (4), a handle (5), a spring member (6), a locking mechanism (7) and a lock head unit (8). The locking state can be automatically obtained through a push-in action from the handle (5) to the handle housing (2). Through the rotation of a rotor (14) of the lock head, a single latch (15) is driven to the non-locking position through a rotor cam (16) and a connection cam (17) so as to remove the lock. The cams (16, 17) rotate through clamping with clearances of clamping portions (25, 26). In the locking state, even external force in the improper direction which makes a latch (15) move to the unlocking position is applied, one end surface (42) of a driven clamping portion (23) and a driving clamping portion (27) will be pressed and clamped, and thus the latch (15) will not be pushed to the non-locking position.


By means of an unbounded strain-gauge type accelerometer, head position (in space) and tilt angle of the plank were registered, while the plank was maintained horizontally by the subject lying on it. The results obtained from 16 normal adults were considered to demonstrate righting reflex function in the dynamic state.