In the design of vertical piles subjected to lateral dynamic loads, the lateral soil resistance is often represented as a series of discrete springs, each with a nonlinear resistance‐deflection p‐y curve. Owing to the lack of dynamic test data, it is common to use static load results, even for dynamic loading. The results from a recent full‐scale cyclic dynamic pile test series in sand have been reduced to yield dynamic p‐y curves and indicate that the current oil industry recommendations overestimate the dynamic lateral resistance, especially at large deflection levels. Strain‐softening, partial liquefaction, and gapping effects were observed. Variations in dynamic stiffness and damping capacity appear more dependent on nonlinear behavior than on the frequency of excitation.


This research is the first literature review of the past three decades' studies on the effects of urban developent and land use/land cover (LULC) change on Iran's climate change. For this purpose, 67 articles were found, evaluated, and classified according to the spatial and temporal scale, case study, period, data type, climatic factor, methodology, and meteorological data. Moreover, the reviewed literature methodologies were classified according to the purpose, method, and data source. According to the spatial-scale results, national- and city-level studies had the lowest and highest numbers, respectively. Tehran was the most case studies because Tehran is Iran's capital and the largest metropolitan city. In terms of the temporal scale, studies predicting future changes (urban development and climate change) included 5% of the total literature. Satellite images were the most applied data in the reviewed literature (58%). Overall, 79% of the studies used temperature-related factors to explain the climatic impacts of urban growth and LULC conversion. Spatial modeling with 52% publications was the most used method, while numerical modeling with 12% studies was the least used method. This review showed broad study gaps in applying numerical models, neighborhood scales, urban micro-scale parameters, and long-term projections forecasts due to rapid urban development in Iran compared to the rest of the world. Therefore, our synthesis will assist researchers in facilitating better design for future studies in Iran and similar countries.


Guangzhou is one of the earliest cities that held the brand competition,developed football market reforming and establishing the body-building club.With the development of economy and the increasing of people's consumption,the real meaning of sports industry began to germinate in this city.According to analysis of the characteristics of sub-industry,investment structure,production structure and gymnastics accommodations,the author finds out the problem of current sports industrial structure,aiming to provide theoretic references for the administration decision-making.


Parents in affluent communities have been following the suggestion of research and delaying kindergarten entry of their young age-eligible children in order to increase the likelihood of the child's academic success. This study examined the correlation between the chronological age of a child entering kindergarten and his or her performance on reading and math achievement tests in second grade. Gender differences in math and reading performance in second grade were also examined. The subject pool of 24 students was divided into three groups: the younger entrants were between the ages of 4 years 7 months to 4 years 11 months; the medial entrants, ages 5 years to 5 years 4 months; and late entrants, ages between 5 years 5 months to 5 years 7 months. Findings indicated a low or negligible correlation between kindergarten age entry and academic achievement. The younger group did not perform as well as the others in reading, but surpassed the others in math. Girls surpassed boys in both areas. Based on the findings, recommendations were made for informing school personnel about the variable abilities of children in determining age of placement. (JPB) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. The Effects of School Entry Age and Gender on Reading and Math Achievement Scores of Second Grade Students PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) May Narahara EDEL 625 Dr. Mary Jo Lass April l9f/8


Turbo Mode 1. A method for controlling the first electronic device, the first electronic device has been grouped with the second electronic device, the method performed on a computing device and includes: receiving a signal through the data transmission network, indicating the operation of the second electronic device in turbo mode; and in response to a signal indicating the operation of the second electronic device in the turbo mode, to initiate the change in the first electronic device turborezhim.2. . A method according to claim 1, wherein initiating the first electronic switching device in the turbo includes: a confirmation request from the electronic device starts working in turbo mode; and in response to receiving an acknowledgment from the first electronic device confirmation starts working in the turbo mode, the electronic device turborezhime.3 work. . A method according to claim 1, wherein the first electronic device is associated with the first networked resource via the first data channel and the second electronic device is associated with a second network resource via a second data channel, the method further includes: grouping first and second electronic devices based on the overlap between at least a portion of the first data channel and at least a portion of the second channel dannyh.4 transmission. . A method according to claim 1, wherein the first electronic device is associated with the first networked resource via a first data transmission line, and the second electronic device is associated with a second network resource via a second data transmission line, the method further includes: grouping first and second electronic


Transportation planning is an important application field to GIS. Basing on the background of urban transportation planning, the thesis presents a STDM of urban transportation GIS and puts a special emphasis on the spatiotemporal data representation of the point feature, line feature and area feature of transportation planning basic information. A test STDM for urban transportation planning is realized in this paper.


We determined if Gosha‐jinki‐gan, a traditional Chinese herbal mixture, reduced the presence of the tachykinins neurokinin A, neurokinin B, and substance P, as well as the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and P2X3 purine receptors that are functionally associated with C fibers in the urinary bladder.


We demonstrate low mode-dependent loss 10-mode photonic lanterns using low-index micro-structured drilling preforms. The adiabaticity requirement for lantern tapering can be alleviated by the proposed solution leading to improved performances.


Diastereomeric crystallization has been used to separate the racemic mixture of enantiomers of 2-methylbutanoic acid. The enantiomers have been converted into a pair of diastereomeric salts using optically pure (R)-(+)-α-methylbenzylamine as a resolving agent. The mixture obtained formed a solid solution in the crystalline phase. The solution was further processed by multistage fractional crystallization where diastereomeric excess of the target derivative of (S)-(+)-2-methylbutanoic acid was generated in the solid phase. The process was realized in cross-current and countercurrent flow systems consisting of batch crystallizers. In both flow modes all streams were properly synchronized to enable direct connection of inlets and outlets of subsequent stages, i.e., without intermediate adjusting of the composition and volume of the solid and liquid phases. The flow sheets for both operation modes were determined by use of an optimization routine accounting for yield and purity of the product as the performance indicators. Additionally, a procedure for recycling of the postreaction mother liquor has been proposed, which was based on the synthesis of diastereomeric salts with pure (S)-(−)-α-methylbenzylamine.


The instantaneous velocity distributions and pressure gradients in a reversing pulsatile flow and an oscillatory flow in which turbulent bursts follow by relaminarization in the same cycle are investigated. They are predicted with sufficient accuracy by the theory for a transient pulsatile laminar flow in the laminar phase. Meanwhile, in the phase where turbulence with higher frequency appears, they are well approximated by the well-known 1/7 power law and the turbulent quasi-steady friction law respectively.


This work addresses the emergency backup problem in inter-datacenter (inter-DC) network, which is triggered in response to predictable destructive events. We consider the value of data and study how to maximize the utility of time-constrained emergency backup. Specifically, we first formulate the utility-maximization problem for a time-varying network environment and then leverage the time-expanded network (TEN) approach to transform it into a static network problem. To finally solve the problem, a time-efficient and distributed algorithm is proposed based on the dual decomposition technique. Simulation results show that our algorithm outperforms existing algorithms.


Demography is the study of population dynamics. The primary foci of demography are rates and levels of mortality, fertility, and migration and how these all interact to produce population growth (or decline), density, and ageand sex-structures; how these rates or levels vary across time and space and what produces such variation; and what consequences these have on other aspects of human (or nonhuman) existence. These demographic phenomena lie at the very heart of evolution. Natural selection occurs as a result of differential fertility and mortality within a population; gene flow occurs because of migration between populations; and the effects of genetic drift are dependent upon population size, which is an outcome of the interactions among mortality, fertility, and migration (Gage, DeWitte, & Wood, 2012). These demographic forces also affect, are affected by, and reflect many of the things that anthropologists find most interesting. For example, the age–sex structure of a population influences the population's ratio of consumers to producers and numbers of potential marriage partners, and thus places limits on such things as subsistence strategies and household structure. The age–sex structure of a population can also significantly influence economic relationships among families and communities, as cultures often have inheritance and habitation rules that depend on the sex and sometimes age of individuals, and thus are inherently influenced strongly by demographic structure. Population growth and density affect socio-political structures and shape disease ecologies, which can, in turn, affect demographic rates and drive biological and cultural adaptations. Sociocultural phenomena also have the potential to powerfully shape demography. For example, warfare can have shortand long-term effects on sex ratios or age structures (as in the case of the post-World War II baby boom). Sexselective infanticide and abortion, and withholding of resources or medical care from daughters because of cultural preferences for sons affects sex ratios. Economic policies and warfare influence patterns of migration. Ultimately, demography is relevant to all fields of anthropology, whether or not all anthropologists are interested in demography itself and its effects on other aspects of human life. Although, as can be seen in the pages of the American Journal of Physical Anthropology, numerous anthropologists over the last 100 years of the journal's existence have been explicitly interested in demography, and in demographic anthropology in particular. In contrast to national demography, which primarily focuses on large datasets (often derived from censuses) from European and other industrialized populations, demographic anthropology typically focuses on relatively small, nonindustrial populations from which data are collected as a part of ethnographic fieldwork. Demographic anthropology also examines the demography of populations in the past, as reconstructed from skeletal remains (paleodemography), historical documents (historical demography), or material culture and other evidence of human activities from archaeological sites (demographic archaeology). Demographic anthropology shares with the rest of anthropology a holistic approach, and seeks to understand demographic phenomena in the context of the specific sociocultural, environmental, economic, and political settings in which they exist. In demographic anthropology, the ultimate goal is not to simply describe the demographic characteristics of a living or past population. Rather, there is an explicit focus on the application of demographic data to address questions of an evolutionary, ecological, or cultural nature. In the first decades of the American Journal of Physical Anthropology, publications of a demographic nature were mostly limited to a handful of brief reports of demographic data from various populations, such as Hrdlička's (1927) "Anthropology of the American Negro: Historical Notes," and Field's (1936) "Arabs of Iraq". The first truly demographic anthropological studies (defined here by an attempt to address evolutionary, ecological, or cultural questions) published in AJPA did not appear until the 1930s, including Aberle's (1931) study of fertility among Pueblo Indians. Aberle compared historical data from parish records to contemporary data collected via interviews in order to test assumptions about low fecundity among "primitive people" and the effects of "civilization" on birth rates. However, demographic anthropological publications remained relatively rare in the journal until the


It is impossible to say when or who began cardiac anesthesiology, but it is possible to describe the evolution of this new medical specialty over the past seventy-five years. First, it is important...


BACKGROUND: The goal of selecting a healthy blood donor is to safeguard donors and reduce the risks of infections and immunologic complications for recipients.


A fair number of previous studies have found a significant relationship between achievement and anxiety (Diaz et al, 2001). Generally, it could be concluded that there is a positive relationship between high degrees of achievement and low anxiety. There is specific degree of anxiety that increases achievement, but if anxiety increases beyond a certain level the reverse happens. On the basis of the YerkesDodson law both the task difficulty and the level of anxiety must be taken into consideration. That is, "on difficult tasks low levels of arousal improve performance relative to high levels, but on easy tasks, the reverse is true" (Reber, 1995). Abstract


The mean plasma pancreatic glucagon level at birth in 44 normal infants delivered vaginally was 140 pg/ml. The simultaneous maternal level was 122 pg/ml which was not quite significantly different at the P [unk]0.05 level. 2 hours after birth 30 of these infants had a mean rise in plasma glucagon of 51 pg/ml (P [unk] 0.01), and their mothers had a fall of 38 pg/ml (P [unk] 0.05). The mean plasma pancreatic glucagon level at birth in 12 normal infants delivered by caesarean section was 130 pg/ml which did not differ significantly from the group delivered vaginally. The glucagon level at birth in 20 infants with fetal distress (fetal scalp pH [unk] 7.2 or umbilical artery pH [unk] 7.15) was 244 pg/ml, and this was significantly higher than for normal infants at birth (P [unk] 0.01). Whereas the rise in neonatal glucagon 2 hours after birth might have been caused by a mean fall in blood glucose of 23 mg/100 ml, the infants with fetal distress had normal glucose levels, so that another mechanism must be responsible for their raised glucagon.


Publications regarding generalized blastomycosis are sufficiently numerous to make the broad features of the disease well known. From the anatomical approach it remains to define the reaction in various organs and to study the spread of the process in the body, as has been done for example in tuberculosis. Moreover, a comparison between tuberculosis and blastomycosis regarding cardiac involvement is of interest because of the similarity of the two diseases. Two authors have dealt specifically with blastomycosis of the heart. LeCount I described a case of generalized blastomycosis showing miliary nodules in the epicardium. He believed that dissemination to the epicardium had occurred by retrograde extension along the lymph channels from the blastomycotic lymph nodes at the base of the heart. Hurley's 2 case, also with generalized involvement, had a sinus extending from the pericardial cavity to the body surface. One lesion extended I.5 cm. into the wall of the greatly hypertrophied left ventricle. Two other large lesions extended through the right atrium and presented minute endocardial nodules and sinuses, which had evidently been discharging into the blood stream. The lungs contained extremely numerous, minute lesions "seeded" by the blood stream. During the patient's illness "there was evidence of cardiac disturbance, but this was a minor feature." Several other authors have referred to cardiac blastomycosis in case reports and reviews of generalized blastomycosis. Cleary3 found minute blastomycotic tubercles "in the myocardium and spleen in the histological examination of these organs," and one of the myocardial tubercles was shown in the illustrations of his paper. Case i of Coupal's series 4 showed a smooth and glistening epicardium, beneath which there was an abscess 2 by i cm. in the left ventricle. A few, isolated yellowish abscesses, I to 2 mm. in diame-


The Meta-analyses of Glucose and Insulinrelated Traits Consortium (MAGIC) studied glucose and insulin traits in nondiabetic individuals [1]. This is in contrast to previous glucose/insulin genetic analyses, which studied Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, who by definition have elevated glucose levels. The MAGIC metaana lysis is truly awe inspiring for its size and level of collaboration. Data were derived from approximately 122,743 individuals in 54 studies and the paper has 303 authors. Using a two-tiered discovery/replication approach, the study identified 16 loci associated with variation in fasting glucose. Comparison of these data with prior analyses in T2DM patients demonstrated only partial overlap between loci controlling glucose levels in T2DM patients versus nondiabetic subjects. Specifically, five of the loci associated with variation in glucose levels in this study are also associated with risk of T2DM. This suggests that some of the physiology and genetics that contribute to maintenance of normal glucose levels are different from those involved in controlling glucose in the elevated range seen in T2DM. A much smaller number of loci (only two) was found to be associated with variation in fasting insulin levels. The difference in the number of glucose and insulin loci was not thought to be due to technical differences in insulin measurements, but might be attributable to more modest genetic effects, fewer loci, rarer variants and/or a stronger environmental contribution to the insulin traits. The bio logical sequelae of reduced insulin signaling also depend on the affected tissues, with mouse models showing different phenotypes for liver, muscle, adipose, brain and b-cell insulin resistance [2]. It is possible that a 'cleaner' insulin trait, such as one tied more closely to a single tissue, would have a larger genetic signal. Most T2DM risk loci affect the b-cell rather than insulin resistance. One previously proposed explanation is that insulin resistance is relatively common, even in Research Highlights


Diarrhoeal diseases constitute an important public health problem in many developing countries including Bangladesh. This study aimed to report the household-level determinants of diarrhoea using the baseline information of cohort studies conducted in 2008 and 2009. The variation of diarrhoea by 3-month period was also reported. A total of 3,207 households were systematically selected from 12 slums in Dhaka and three rural villages located nearby. The highest prevalence of diarrhoea was found during the period of September to November (22.7%) and the lowest during December to February (9.2%). Slum households were more affected by diarrhoea as compared with the rural households (OR=1.49; 95% CI=1.06-2.08; p=0.020). Other determinants namely provisional house, sharing water source, and sanitary, and use of surface water were also associated with a higher risk of diarrhoea. In conclusion, slum house holds suffered more from diarrhoea than rural populations. Moreover, the higher burden of diarrhoea were found to be strongly and persistently associated with adverse housing and environmental conditions. Public health strategies based on our findings are required to reduce the burden of diarrhoea in the study population. Particularly multilevel interdisciplinary actions are needed to improving the quality of housing, water, and sanitation facilities in urban slums of Dhaka, and similar settings elsewhere. Copyright (C) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This study was designed to gain a baseline understanding of how future K-12 building leaders in pre-service principal preparation programs address their own wellbeing. In this exploratory study, pre-service school leaders across the United States self-assessed their levels of stress and social–emotional competencies. Students from 30 pre-service principal preparation programs across the United States completed a survey that included four social–emotional learning scales. The findings indicate that this population may not be well equipped to deal with the stressors of the principalship. The findings can be used as a baseline to understand how changes in curriculum might impact these constructs.


Flood loss modelling is a crucial part of risk assessments. However, it is subject to large uncertainty that is often neglected. Most models available in the literature are deterministic, providing only single point estimates of flood loss, and large disparities tend to exist among them. Adopting any one such model in a risk assessment context is likely to lead to inaccurate loss estimates and sub-optimal decision-making. In this paper, we propose the use of multi-model ensembles to address such issues. This approach, which has been applied successfully in other scientific fields, is based on the combination of different model outputs with the aim of improving the skill and usefulness of predictions. Using twenty flood loss models in two test cases, we demonstrate that multi-model ensembles can be a simple and pragmatic way to consistently obtain more accurate flood loss estimates and reliable probability distributions of model uncertainty. We also discuss how such ensembles can be constructed.


Phase I of the new Circle Line in Singapore (a.k.a. Marina Line) is designed as a medium rail transit system running underground from the existing Dhoby Ghaut (DBG) Station, under the Bras Basah Road to Marina Centre and further under Nicoll Highway to the National Stadium. In this phase the line has six stations, all equipped with platform screen doors, and includes a permanent siding. The distance between stations varies from 600 m to 1500 m. The trackways also extend south of the DBG Station as overruns (tail-tracks). In the future, the tunnels will be connected to the other sections of the new Circle Line, starting from the Old Airport Road Station. This paper summarizes the unique design challenges encountered at the Dhoby Ghaut Station and Boulevard Siding, discussing design alternatives and the recommended solutions. (A)


Withania somnifera has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for treatment of depression and inflammation, and as an aphrodisiac. It contains many phytochemicals such as Withaferine A, withanine, anahygrine, tropine, and withanolides. Of these, withaferine A is considered to be the most active compound. Withaferine A was estimated in herbal extract and polyherbal formulations by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). As there is no official HPTLC protocol for quantitation of the above phytochemicals, an attempt was made to quantify withaferine A in herbal extract and polyherbal formulations produced from Withania somnifera. Precoated silica gel G (aluminium backed) plates were used as stationary phase and toluene:ethyl acetate: formic acid (50 : 15 : 5) was used as mobile phase. Detection and quantification were performed by densitometry at λ 213 nm. The linear range was 1 μg to 3 μg. This HPTLC method was found to be reproducible, accurate, and precise.


Advances in research in the field of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have led to the identification of biological and genetic markers that can assess the natural history and perhaps predict the course of an individual's disease, including response to treatments over time and postoperative course. The ever-expanding genetic and immune discoveries have improved our understanding of the variability in presentation and course in all IBD patients. It will be important moving forward to be able to better classify patients so that appropriate decisions can be made regarding choosing the right treatment for the right patient at the right time. Surgical options also remain an integral part of IBD management, but like with medications, it is important to choose the right surgery for the right patient.


Dendritic cells (DCs) play important roles in cancer immunotherapy. Recently, we developed a lipid-based fluorescent-trackable nanoparticle which could target and deliver antigen peptides and adjuvants to DCs simultaneously and achieved promising effects of cancer immunotherapy.


Only a few studies have examined generational differences in attitudes towards homosexuality across Europe. Also, little is known about the explanatory factors for these attitudes. This study aimed at exploring the differences between generations in attitudes towards homosexuality across Europe and examining the importance of the individual (gender, education, religiosity, political views and parenthood) and country-related (communist history, laws and policies guaranteeing LGBT rights) factors in explaining such attitudes of different generations. European Social Survey Round 9 data with 47,086 respondents from 27 European countries were analysed. The results showed that each younger generation was more accepting of homosexuality than the previous one. While gender, religiosity and communist history of the country were important predictors of attitudes towards homosexuality in all generations, the importance of education, political views, parenthood as well as laws and policies guaranteeing LGBT rights differed. This study extends the understanding of attitudinal changes and generational differences in attitudes towards homosexuality.

Keywords: Homosexuality, generations, LGBT, rights;


This talk will provide an update on the progress to date of the Genomics:GTL project led by Sandia National Laboratories: " Carbon Sequestration in Synechococcus sp.: From Molecular Machines to Hierarchical Modeling. " This effort is focused on developing, prototyping, and applying new computational tools and methods to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms of the carbon sequestration of Synechococcus sp., an abundant marine cyanobacteria known to play an important role in the global carbon cycle. While much of our recent progress and results will be presented in detail in the seven or more posters submitted to this meeting (see Davidson et al., Geist et al., Martino et al., Plimpton et al., Samatova et al. Sinclair et al., Xu et al. and others), this talk will recap the larger focus and recent results of the project. Our project's results include experimental data on the Synechococcus carboxysome and CO 2 levels on growth rate and protein expression patterns in Synechococcus (sp. WH8102), the first characterizations of components of the proteome, and characterizations of the phosphorus and nitrogen regulatory pathways in conjunction with computationally derived predictions of these pathways. Our computational tool development efforts relative to processing high throughput experimental data have yielded new methods and algorithms for gene expression array analysis and a radically new tandem MS, MS/MS data analysis method which enables prototype assignment for large and diverse data sets (~60,000 spectra) with a surprising level of confidence. We have also developed and prototyped new computational tools for microbial systems biology, including methods for multi-scale characterization of protein interactions, methods for recognizing protein functional sites, and an integrating framework such tools. In addition to our work with Synechococcus Sp., we have applied these tools to other microbes in collaboration with other Genomics:GTL projects including the ORNL-PNNL microbial proteomics effort for Rhodopseudomonas palustris (with F. Larimer and H. McDonald). Our efforts to develop and apply modeling and simulation tools have yielded structural insight into the specificity of the carbon fixing enzyme RuBisCO as well as a computational capability to track spatial and temporal variations in protein species concentrations in realistic cellular geometries for important cyanobacterial subcellular processes. Finally, we have constructed an integrated data infrastructure which allows advanced search and queries across a large, diverse set of data sources (e.g. databases of sequence, structure, pathway, protein interaction, and raw mass spectra and microarray data). Our " Synechococcus Encyclopedia, " contains all currently available …


Purpose: To compare the differences of self-care behaviors between Korean Americans with heart failure (HF) and Caucasian Americans with HF. Method: Ninety (N = 90) participants (45 Korean Americans and 45 Caucasian Americans) were recruited for this study. A two-group, comparative, descriptive design using the Revised Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale was used to assess self-care behaviors. Results: Self-care behavior was not significantly different between the two groups (p > .05). However, culture-specific self-care behaviors were evident between two racial groups. Discussion: Implementation of culturally congruent education programs could be useful in preventing and managing HF. Further studies comparing self-care behaviors should be conducted in diverse racial populations.


[Objective] To evaluate etiology, diagnosis and treatment of perforation of bile duct. [Methods] The clinical records of 41 cases with perforation of bile duct between 1985 and 2003 in our hospital were reviewed retrospectively. [Results] All patients were operated, 2 cases was died, the rest were cured. [Conclusion] Perforation of bile duct happens probably when infection and obstruction occur. Patients with gallbladder diseases and bile duct diseases in infecting are subjected to gallbladder perforation. Surgical treatment of perforation of bile duct with focus and complication should be individualized.


Museums are places of education, which are open and accessible to the general public. The diversity of the visitors puts museums in the role of a reference educational environment, where different methods and strategies can be developed and tested. The diversity of cultural and educational visitor backgrounds raises the challenge to adapt the museum tour guidance to specific interests and needs. New technologies are supporting an individually guided visit by mobile devices like tablets, smartphones or 3D glasses. However, along which lines could such an individually guided visit be designed? This contribution provides a detailed definition of usability principles for virtual realities that are for instance designed as virtual tours or interactive educational environments. In two case studies, the developed design principles are applied to museums as specific reference environments, thus validating the applicability of the defined principles. One main characteristic of the usability of a product is to be user-centered, giving an opportune response to user needs and requirements. The design of an interactive virtual tour should meet the requirements of a potential user, addressing aspects of interface, system functionality and interactivity, among others. This contribution elaborates usability principles for virtual tours, and validates them in two test scenarios. Virtual tours in general are generated by software and presented on a screen or another display. According to guidelines applicable to general software products, they should be designed with the aim of allowing users to visit different sites and browse through them easily, allowing the users to find the information they need efficiently, when they need it and where they need it. In this contribution, we understand by a virtual tour the predominantly audio-visual representation of a real site, its different aspects and the connections between them. As a feature, a virtual tour should allow individual interactions focusing on specific topics, in which a user is most interested. We assume that the virtual tour has the option to be coupled to a specific site in the sense that the virtual tour can be realized within this real site, thus coupling virtual and real experiences. The perspective for further works is to apply the design principles in other contexts like guided tours of cities or through an archeological site. In a broader approach, the same principals also apply to any virtual reality environment, independent whether there is the option to connect the tour to a real location or not. The same design principles are also suited to be used to develop or improve interactive educational environments like virtual classrooms.


Some Universities and Research Centres in Nigeria have, over the years, been extensively involved in both research and education in Astronomy and Space Sciences. However, they appear to be trading in an unwanted commodity as modern astronomy appears to continue to lack any serious public appreciation. This paper examines the challenges and problems confronting the development of Astronomy in the country.


Must the concept of the study of new media seem so thoroughly ordinary? What does it mean to study new media other than to study media that exist now? Prompted by the 10th anniversary of New Media & Society, this article aims to help rethink and elongate the history of new media studies by merging new media studies and media history literatures.The recursive definition and use of the term `new media' are reviewed. New media need to be understood not as emerging digital communication technologies, so much as media with uncertain terms and uses. Moreover, by recognizing that new media studies quickly become history and that most media history is already new media history, this article calls for a use of both literatures to focus on the renewable nature of media in history. It reflects on a complementary attitude toward history meant to help usher in a sounder future of the study of the past.


The article is devoted to the difficulties of adaptation of the first-year students to study in the University, the integration of recent entrants to the student forms of collective life.


Image: di89780 - Heath Cline (20), Dayton, loads bags of ice in one of the "cool rooms" at Home City Ice Plant in Wilder. Heath is a student at Northern Kentucky University.


Constructing super-tall buildings is significantly different from constructing general ones in every technological and managerial aspects. Especially lift-car operations planning and management is one of core parts among various management techniques required during the course of the whole construction process of the super-tall buildings because vertical movements of physical resources enormously affect the efficiency of the construction processes. However, discrepancy between lifting plans and actual lifting operations causes serious efficiency problems. As an effort to solve the problem, this research suggests an improved method of estimating resource-based lifting load. The computing model developed as a result of this research facilitates more accurate computation of the total operation time and the maximum lifting capacity of the lift-cars. Further, this research can be developed as a decision support system for the total lift-car operations management.


Gynaecological health controls for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer are being conducted in many parts of the world at large, as also in the major part of Sweden. Even at the local level the health control programme is so extensive as to be well-suited for automatic computer processing. In Uppsala a computer system has been developed, which reduces manual routines to a minimum, while at the same time demanding high standards of discretion, flexibility and possibilities for integration of the health control system with computer systems with, for example, routine cytology, pathology and gynaecological clinical work. The construction of the system enables direct scientific statistical processing to be conducted.


A 30-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of a small nodule of the clitoris. This was subsequently diagnosed as epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. This rare vascular tumor of intermediate malignancy has not been previously described in the vulva. The patient underwent a modified radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection, and subsequently received photon therapy. She is alive with no evidence of disease 27 months after diagnosis.


Private higher education is part of the whole education in China. According to the continual developing theories, better developing environments, including a better educational system, a better educational policy, etc., should be created for Chongqing private higher education.


The paper presents and describes in detail the specific procedures that are carried out during the repair of the crawler unit on the belt wagon BRs 1200.29/32, whose performance is the basis for high quality and efficient maintenance of these machines on site, as well as in repair shops. These procedures are complex interventions performed as part of the preventive maintenance process. The success of the maintenance process is presented as a workflow with as few failures and downtime as possible, also as a process without accidents, and in case of their occurrence, the possibility of the fastest elimination, all of which result in the satisfaction of both users and maintainers.


Hotel Modernity explores the impact of corporate space on the construction and texture of modern literature and film. It centres the hotel and corporate space as key sites of modern experience and culture. Examining architectural and financial records, hotel trade journals, travel journalism, advertisements and cinematic and literary representations, it charts the rise of hotel culture from 1870 to 1939. The book defines corporate space as the new urban, capital-intensive, large-scale spaces brought about by corporations during the nineteenth century, including department stores, railway stations and banking halls. Only in hotels, however, did the individual live within corporate space: sleeping in its beds and lounging in its parlours. The hotel structured intimate encounters with the impersonal and the anonymous, representing a radically new mode of experience.
In chapters featuring readings of both canonical and relatively little-studied texts by Henry James, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Elizabeth Bowen, Arnold Bennett, and Henry Green, alongside films by F. W. Murnau, Segundo de Chomón, and Charlie Chaplin, Hotel Modernity considers the relationship between new kinds of spatial organisation and new forms of subjective and intersubjective life. Hotels provoked these writers and filmmakers to rethink the conventions and functions of fictional characters. This book charts the warping and decentring of the category of 'character' within the corporate, architectural, informatic and technological networks which come to define hotel space in this period.


Author(s): Boysen-Osborn, Megan; Toohey, Shannon; Gisondi, Michael; Wolff, Margaret | Abstract: Audience: This workshop is intended for faculty members in an emergency medicine (or other) residency program, but is also appropriate for chief residents and medical student educators, including basic science faculty. Introduction: Faculty development sessions are required by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and enhance the learning environment within residency programs. Resident as teacher sessions are important in helping residents transition from junior learners to supervisors of medical students and junior residents. Part I of this two-part workshop introduces learners to effective techniques to engaging learners during didactic sessions. Objectives: By the end of this workshop, the learner will: 1) describe eight teaching techniques that encourage active learning during didactic sessions; 2) plan a didactic session using at least one of eight new teaching techniques for didactic instruction Methods: This educational session is uses several blended instructional methods, including team-based learning (classic and modified), the flipped classroom, audience response systems, pause procedures in order to demonstrate effective didactic teaching techniques.Topics: Faculty development, didactics, residency conference, pause procedures, commitment activities, team based learning, small group learning, jigsaw, problem based learning, think pair share, one minute paper, the muddiest point, audience response systems.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for prophylaxis and deworming of vermination without using medicament causing troubles in farmed fishes by using edible natural product which is safety and comforting for an aquaculturist and consumer. SOLUTION: A method for prophylaxis and deworming of vermination of fishes, comprising addition of a plant of the family Zingiberaceae or extract thereof containing at least one component of Zingerols, shogaols, and curcumine, to feeds in a proper ratio, or immersing the fishes in a culture water dissolving the extract. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI


Introduction The aim of the study was a comparative evaluation of in-house real-time PCR and commercial real-time PCR (Fast Track Diagnostics (FTD), ampliCube/Mikrogen) targeting enteropathogenic bacteria from stool in preparation of Regulation (EU) 2017/746 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices. Methods Both 241 stool samples from patients and 100 samples from German laboratory control schemes ("Ringversuche") were used to comparatively assess in-house real-time PCR, the FTD bacterial gastroenteritis kit, and the ampliCube gastrointestinal bacterial panels 1&2 either with the in-house PCRs as gold standard and as a test comparison without gold standard applying latent class analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, intra- and inter-assay variation and Cohen's kappa were assessed. Results In comparison with the gold standard, sensitivity was 75–100% for strongly positive samples, 20–100% for weakly positive samples, and specificity ranged from 96 to 100%. Latent class analysis suggested that sensitivity ranges from 81.2 to 100% and specificity from 58.5 to 100%. Cohen's kappa varied between moderate and nearly perfect agreement, intra- and inter-assay variation was 1–3 to 1–4 Ct values. Conclusion Acceptable agreement and performance characteristics suggested replaceability of the in-house PCR assays by the commercial approaches.


Capturing the true cost of wildland fire events is critical for providing a sound basis for public policy. Recently, Lynch [1] suggested additional factors to consider in addition to suppression costs as a means for gaging a fire's total cost. In this study a similar evaluation was done for the second largest fire in Colorado during the 2002 wildland fire season. The Missionary Ridge fire burned 70 475 acres of land in southwestern Colorado in June and July of 2002. Costs associated with the fire were analyzed and separated into three categories: (1) direct costs, (2) rehabilitation costs, and (3) impact costs. Direct costs during the fire were $90 276 323, rehabilitation costs totaled $8 732 608, and impact costs that occurred after fire containment through 2003 amounted to $50 499 849. Impact costs were still accruing at the time this study was completed. In addition, special values were also considered, including the death of a firefighter, wilderness acreage burned, and loss of sensitive species habitat. These costs were estimated to be $3 404 410. The total cost of the fire to date was estimated at $152 803 785 or more than $2168 per acre.


The Anti-Secession Law enacted on 14 March 2005 by the highest legislature of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the National People's Congress, establishes for the first time a legal basis for the possible use of military use of force by the PRC against Taiwan. It may also be read as an attempt by the PRC to pursue a steady relationship with Taiwan by putting it on a quasi-legal footing. This comment analyses the Law from different aspects for its purpose, meaning and fallout for the PRC, Taiwan, the Asia-Pacific region and the rest of the world. The comment argues that the Law actually makes East Asia a more peaceful and secure environment than before its enactment.


Monitoring host composition and disease impacts began 15 years ago in what would become a network of permanent forest monitoring plots throughout the known and predicted range of Phytophthora ramorum in California coastal forests. Stretching ~500 miles from Big Sur to the Oregon border, the network captures variation in interactions among the pathogen, its potential hosts, and the environment across wide gradients in climate, topography, land use, and host species abundance. Within each plot, standardized methodology has been used to track forest dynamics and disease impacts of individual trees and at the forest stand level. From early plot censuses of this and other similar networks, information was gained about how forest diversity and stand composition mediate disease risk, how the presence of the pathogen alters competitive dynamics and mortality rates among hosts, and how disease impacts alter rates of coarse woody debris accumulation. The full ecological impact of most other destructive pathogens is difficult to quantify because of a lack of baseline data at the earliest stages of an invasion and through multiple subsequent decades of forest change. Investment in the establishment and repeat censuses of these plots has facilitated the tracking of disease dynamics at a number of temporal and spatial scales. The importance of interannual climate variation was observed as an overarching driver of disease dynamics and tree mortality, and we have seen the impact of this variation differ across host communities and climatic gradients. Monitoring included at least two multi-year periods of above average rainfall with consequent short-term increases in sudden oak death (SOD) prevalence. Waves of associated tree mortality have followed at a lag of 2-5 years after the appearance of symptoms, when environmental conditions may appear out of sync with those favorable for disease spread. Monitoring has also included two multi-year drought periods associated with lower rates of pathogen expansion, but potential increases in tree mortality. When wildfires in 2008 occurred for the first time in SOD-impacted forests, data collected in the Big Sur section of the monitoring network facilitated capitalizing on the natural experiment of comparing the individual, joint, and potentially interacting effects of disease and fire. Findings included learning that disease-fire interactions are complex and dependent on changing fuel characteristics as the disease progresses in a stand. Additionally, unexpected synergies were identified that spilled over to affect species not normally impacted by either disturbance alone. Since then, at least three other fires have occurred in parts of the monitoring network, adding to the growing understanding of forest change under novel disturbance regimes. 1 A version of this paper was presented at the Sixth Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium, June 20-23, 2016, San Francisco, California. 2 Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR 97219. 3 Pacific Wildland Fire Sciences Laboratory, US Forest Service, Seattle, WA 98103. 4 Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695. 5 Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616. Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com. Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death Sixth Science Symposium 3 With continued monitoring of forest regeneration and pathogen range expansion or contraction, there is hope to develop a fuller understanding of disease dynamics and environmental change on the multi-year or multi-decadal time scales appropriate to turnover in long-lived hosts. Monitoring across the diverse assemblage of host communities in the pathogen's range permits an understanding of how and whether disease dynamics at the advancing front of the pathogen differ from areas of long-term pathogen establishment.


The needs of the Li-ion battery customers can be segmented into in situ and ex situ modes of analysis. Ex situ analysis lets researchers study battery components removed from the operating battery cell. Introduction Analysis of battery materials with Raman spectroscopy has been around for quite some time. During the 1960s, researchers used Raman to elucidate many of the fundamental spectral features of the minerals and inorganic materials widely used in battery research today.1,2 Raman is a good fit for these materials because many of the characteristic vibrational and rotational modes occur in the low-wavenumber region of the spectrum typically accessible only by far-infrared measurements. In that day and age, both Raman and far-infrared measurements were time consuming and difficult experiments. Analysis Techniques: In situ Versus Ex situ The term in situ is used to describe experiments where the battery components are studied in an assembled cell under operating conditions. Think of in situ as a window on the case of a battery which lets you see the chemistry of what goes on when you charge and discharge a battery. While in situ cells provide valuable information, their use is generally targeted at research and development of new materials for Li-ion batteries. Once a formulation is designed, a candidate battery is scaled up through pilot production to actual product samples. At this stage of development, researchers are most interested in characterizing failure modes and a better understanding of performance differences. For example, what makes one production run work better than another, and why did one battery fail yet its siblings from the same batch worked fine. To answer these questions, researchers carefully disassemble a battery cell so the individual components can be examined. This type of analysis is termed ex situ because the battery components are removed from the operating battery cell. The goal is to prepare the samples for analysis in as close to a native state as possible. Battery disassembly for ex situ analysis is carried out in an inert environment such as an argon filled glove box to protect the battery components from moisture and oxidation. For example, the anode, separator, cathode sandwich must be carefully separated and rinsed to remove excess electrolyte. Once the samples are prepared, they must be kept in an inert environment to protect against changes during analysis. When space is available, instruments are installed inside the glove box so the samples can be analyzed. In most cases, the sample must be removed from the glove box and transferred to an external instrument for analysis. This is where an ex situ transfer cell becomes a key component of the workflow. It preserves the inert environment around the sample so it can be studied. From Single Point Measurements to Raman Imaging The majority of published research on Li-ion battery Raman work is based on single point measurements acquired over time during charge/discharge cycles. Single point measurements can be misleading because there is no way of knowing if the sampled point is representative of the entire electrode. It is important to make multiple measurements to be sure. Because the Raman signals are weak, it takes many minutes to generate enough signal-to-noise ratio at each measurement point. A complete, multi-point experimental can be quite time consuming to complete. Today, Raman imaging is a viable alternative which lets you quickly makes thousands of measurements over an area of the electrode rather than just single point measurements. Each pixel in a Raman image is a complete Raman spectrum. This technique provides confidence in understanding if changes are heterogeneous or hot spots. The following experimental results demonstrate the flexibility of using Raman imaging for the ex situ analysis of Li-ion batteries and their components. Characterization of Li-ion Anodes After safety concerns, a leading area of interest in Li-ion battery research is understanding the cause of performance degradation over time. Research indicates the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer formed on the surface of the electrode is key to performance. The SEI layer is formed by deposition of organic and inorganic compounds during the first several charge/discharge cycles.4 It stabilizes the electrode from further decomposition and promotes reversible capacity. Because of the complexity of the SEI layer, results from any and all analytical techniques contribute to an incremental understanding of its behavior. As you might expect, it is a messy business to extract electrodes from a used battery so the SEI can be studied. It takes great care to prepare the sample so as to preserve its integrity for ex situ analysis. This is usually achieved by working in an argon filled glove box to prevent sample degradation due to atmospheric exposure. A transfer cell with window is used to seal the sample in the inert argon environment so it can be removed from the glove box for analysis using a Raman microscope. Experimental Anode samples from a disassembled Li-ion battery were cut and mounted in a Thermo ScientificTM transfer cell so that a crosssection of the anode could be imaged. The transfer cell (Figure 1) maintains an inert environment surrounding the sample so it can be analyzed using instruments outside a glove box. The cell body accepts a variety of industry standard sample holders (stubs) developed for scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. A 90° stub was used to hold the cut edge of the anode facing the window. A cap containing a calcium fluoride (CaF2) window seals the sample under an argon blanket. The cap is screwed on until the window height is just above the sample. This provides a minimum working distance between a microscope objective and the sample. A short working distance is an advantage because it allows the use of high magnification objectives having a large numerical aperture (N.A.). Raman spectra were collected over a single 76 μm × 160 μm area at spatial resolution of 1.0 μm per pixel using a Thermo ScientificTM DXRTMxi Raman imaging microscope. Laser power at the sample was 2.0 mW at 532 nm with a 0.2 sec exposure time and 4 image scans. An OlympusTM 50× long working distance, 0.5 N.A. microscope objective was used to focus through the transfer cell window. Higher laser powers and/or longer exposure times were avoided because they can heat the sample causing changes which mask the native state of the electrode. Figure 1: Transfer cell maintains sample in an inert environment for ex situ analysis of Li-ion battery materials


Analysis of categorical data is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose to compute topographical features of high-dimensional categorical data. We propose an efficient algorithm to extract modes of the underlying distribution and their attractive basins. These topographical features provide a geometric view of the data and can be applied to visualization and clustering of real world challenging datasets. Experiments show that our principled method outperforms state-of-the-art clustering methods while also admits an embarrassingly parallel property.


Neuraxial drug administration was initially developed in the form of spinal anaesthesia 100 years ago.Since then, neuraxial drug administration has evolved and now includes a wide range of techniques to administer a large number of different drugs (local anesthetics, opioids, a2-agonists, baclofen, ketamine, midazolam, neostigmine, adenosine, steroids, ziconotide) to provide anesthesia, but also analgesia and treatment of spasticity in a variety of acute and chronic settings. However, the human literature on epidural and CSF pharmacokinetics of drugs is sparse when compared with that available for animal models. Pharmacokinetics determines the relationship between drug dose and its concentration of the effector sites. Changes in drug concentration over time in the various compartments such as blood, epidural space, CSF and at the effector site within the spinal cord are determined by physicochemical properties of the drug and by a multitude of biologic functions involved in the processes of absorption, redistribution, biotransformation and elimination.


The invention discloses a terminal unlocking method and apparatus based on eye-print identification. The method comprises steps of collecting user eye-print information via a terminal sensor, determining whether the collected eye-print information is successfully matched pre-stored eye-print information, and executing unlocking operation via a terminal system when the match is successful. User eye-print information is pre-stored; when the user needs to unlock the terminal, user eye-print information collection is triggered; if the collected eye-print information is matched with the pre-stored eye-print information, the terminal system executes unlocking operation; otherwise, the unlocking operation is not executed; eye-print information is unique, so terminal unlocking safety can be enhanced.


Nanosecond time-resolved stimulated Raman spectroscopy is used to investigate the shock-induced phase transition of liquid benzene. A supercooled state and a liquid-solid phase transition are observed at shock pressures above 2.8 GPa. Time-resolved Raman spectra reveal that the liquid state is initially preserved and rapidly transforms to the solid state under shock compression at 4.2 GPa. Rapid nucleation and growth on a micrometer scale occurs within 20 ns.


A novel ultra-high frequency radio frequency identification tag antenna designed for multi-usage is proposed in this study, which can work on the human body, blood bags, and water-filled container as well as free space. The tag antenna is fabricated on the F4B-2 substrate, whose relative permittivity is 2.65 and dielectric loss tangent is 0.002. The radiation unit is formed by four main circular loops, two semicircle loops, and four round arcs, all these loops and arcs are surrounded by an elliptical loop located on the outer edge of the substrate. The antenna has an elliptical structure, whose long axis and short axis are 76, 32 mm, respectively. In different applications, the presented antenna maintains a stable operating frequency and has good conjugate impedance matching with the tag chip.


The behaviour of Sminthopsis crassicaudata was studied by mark-recapture techniques at Werribee, Vic., from 1972 to 1976. Observations of nocturnal behaviour were also made at Fowlers Gap Station, N.S.W. S. crassicaudata usually nest solitarily in the breeding period (August–March), but up to 70% of individuals share nests in groups of from two to eight during the non-breeding period (April–July). These nest-sharing groups are impermanent and appear to be random aggregations of individuals. Most nest-sharing in the breeding period involves pairs of a male with an oestrous female. Both males and females inhabit large overlapping ranges in the breeding and non-breeding periods. Males seem to move their nest sites more frequently than females; this supposition is supported by observations of nocturnal behaviour. The ranges of individuals are unstable in space and are best described as 'drifting home ranges'. The only animals that may become territorial are breeding females, and these probably defend only a small area around the nest. Males do not appear to defend their range at any time. The adaptive significance of the social system is discussed. * Part I, Aust. Wildl. Res., 1978, 5, 151–62.


The most important interfering torque of a three-axis air-bearing simulator is the displacement of the center of mass in the gravity field caused by structural elasticity. In order to characterize the torque, a mathematical model of the interference moment was established. Based on the model, it is suggested that the vertical stiffness and horizontal stiffness of the structure should be equal as far as possible during the structural design, and the elastic unbalance moment can be compensated by the vertical offset of the center of mass of the air floating platform relative to the rotation center after the initial attitude leveling. ABAQUS was used to build a simulation model of the air floating platform, and the changes of the structure's centroid before and after the gravitational field was applied were extracted by software to simulate the centroid deviation caused by the elastic deformation of the structure, which was used as the characterization to conduct discrete optimization of the structure. The optimal structural parameters were obtained. Then the disturbance torque curve and the corresponding initial centroid offset after initial centroid compensation were calculated by mathematical model. The results are of positive guiding significance to the design of three-axis air-bearing simulator.


The D0 experiment has reported a direct search for a charged Higgs boson produced by $q \bar q$ annihilation and decaying to $t \bar b$ final state, in the 180≤MH+≤300 GeV mass range. The analysis has led to upper limits on the production cross-section in the framework of the two-Higgs doublet model types I, II and III. We compare the predictions of two different scenarios in the framework of the two-Higgs doublet type III to the cross-section limits reported by D0 collaboration, and we obtain constraints on the charged Higgs mass, for the case when the charged Higgs mass is bigger than the top quark mass. Also, searches for the charged Higgs boson with a mass smaller than top quark mass are considered, we discuss the possible limits on the charged Higgs boson mass obtained from measurements of the ratio $R_\sigma = \sigma_{t \bar t}^{l+{\rm jets}}/\sigma_{t\bar t}^{\rm dileptons}$ within the two-Higgs doublet model type III.


BACKGROUND
The prognosis of Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is directly correlated with the functional capacity (FC). The most common FC test is the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), however, there is evidence to suggest that the 6MWT does not reflect the real FC in PH patients.

OBJECTIVE
To compare physiological responses among three field walk tests and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), and to determine the determinants of distance walked in the field walk tests.

DESIGN
Cross sectional.

SETTING
Outpatient clinic.

PARTICIPANTS
26 volunteers (49.8 ± 14.6 years), WHO functional class II-III and a mean pulmonary artery pressure of 45 mmHg.

INTERVENTIONS
Patients underwent three field walk test: 6MWT, incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), and endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) and CPET on different, nonconsecutive days.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Heart rate and perception of effort at the peak of exercise.

RESULTS
The ISWT achieved maximum levels of effort without significant difference in any physiologic response compared to CPET. The physiological responses during ISWT were significantly higher than 6MWT and ESWT responses.

CONCLUSIONS
The ISWT produced the greatest physiologic response of the field tests safely for which reason it appears to be the most effective test to assess FC of PH patients.


the four assumption of the fair value are the main body assumptions,time point hypothesis,trading environment and price assumptions assume.There are some differences between the fair value and other measures attributes from the study of the four aspects.Although the amount of fair value take the same calculation method as other measures,it differs from and does not include other properties,and it is a single rather than mixed measurement attributes.The fair value is the ideal measurement model,but for now,the fair value and historical cost will be the most important two parallel measurement properties.


A wastewater containing aromatic sulfonates was treated in a laboratory-scale biofilm airlift suspension (BAS) reactor. The general objective of the experiments was to assess the performance of a particle-based biofilm reactor in the biodegradation of refractory organic compounds under varying operating conditions. To this end, the reactor was inoculated with a mixed culture of biomass, adapted to grow on the leachate as the sole source of carbon, which colonized carrier particles in the reactor and formed stable and uniform biofilms. Depending on their degradation kinetics (characterized in independent experiments) and the fraction of specific degraders in the biofilms, aromatic sulfonates attain different degradation efficiencies in the BAS reactor, with more compex molecules (e.g., trisusbtituted naphthalene sulfonates and some bisubstituted naphthalene sulfonates) showing the lowest degradation efficiencies. The BAS reactor achieved high biomass concentration (12 g L -1 ) and an overall degradation efficiency of 67% based on COD measurements for loading rates up to 0.45 kg COD kg v s -1 day -1 , corresponding to a specific degradation rate of 0.3 kg COD kgvs -1 day -1 . For higher loading rates, the hydraulic retention time of leachate in the reactor proved to be insufficient for complete degradation of aromatic sulfonate with slow degradation kinetics, resulting in a decrease of overall degradation efficiency. The fast degradation rate of most aromatic sulfonates is attributed to the long biomass retention time and reactor biomass concentration, resulting in high concentrations of degraders for specific compounds.


We consider a family of general branching processes with reproduction parameters depending on the age of the individual as well as the population age structure and a parameter $K$, which may represent the carrying capacity. These processes are Markovian in the age structure. In a previous paper the Law of Large Numbers as $K\to\infty$ was derived. Here we prove the Central Limit Theorem, namely the weak convergence of the fluctuation processes in an appropriate Skorokhod space. We also show that the limit is driven by a stochastic partial differential equation.


The research aims found out and explained the influence of tourist facilities and prices on the decision to visit tourists in Wana Wisata Batu Kuda. The study used quantitative methods with descriptive analysis and verificative analysis. The population in this study the sample used was 100 respondents. The data collection technique used a questionnaire (questionnaire) by distributing questionnaires to samples (respondents) and collecting them again for processing. The analytical method used was instrument test (validity test, reliability test, normality test and linearity test), descriptive analysis, multiple regression analysis, coefficient of determination, t test, and F test using IBM SPSS 24 for Windows. The results of this study indicated that all question items are valid and reliable. Facilities and prices partially and simultaneously influence the decision to visit tourists at Wana Wisata Batu Kuda. The conclusion of this study is that facilities and prices have a positive and significant effect on the decision to visit tourists at Wana Wisata Batu Kuda.


PART A 1-4 REVERSE TURN;; WHISK; WING; 1-2 {RevTurn}Fwd L trng LF, -, sd & fwd R cont LF trn, bk L (W bk R trng LF, -, cl L cont LF trn, fwd R) to CP RLOD; Bk R trng LF, -, sd & fwd L, fwd R (W fwd L trng LF, -, sd & bk R, bk L) to BJO DLW; 3 {Whisk} Fwd L, -, sd & slightly fwd R, XLIB to SCP DLC; 4 {Wing} Fwd R comm LF trn, -, cont rotation dr & tch L leading W to SCAR DLC, (W fwd L, -, R, L, to SCAR w/ sway to L keeping head in CP); 5-8 OPEN TELEMARK; NAT HOVER FALLAWAY; SLIP PIVOT; FORWARD SIDE CLOSE; 5 {Op Tele} Fwd L to CP comm LF trn, -, sd R cont trn, sd & fwd L (W bk R comm Lf trn, -, cl L to R for heel trn, sd & fwd R) to SCP DLW; 6 {Nat Hov Fallaway} Fwd R with RF trn, fwd L trng RF w/ rise, rec bk R; 7 {Slip Piv Bjo} Bk L, -, bk R trng LF, fwd L (W bk R piv LF, -, cont trn fwd L, bk R ) to BJO; 8 {Fwd Sd Cl} Fwd R trng RF, -, sd L, cl R to CP DLW; 9-12 HOVER TELEMARK; IN & OUT RUNS;; SLOW SIDE LOCK; 9 {HovTele} Fwd L, -, fwd R between W's feet rising & trng RF, sd & fwd L to SCP DLW; 10 {Start In & Out Run} Trn RF fwd R (W fwd L), -, sd & bk L to CP (W fwd R between M's feet), bk R to CBJO DRC (W fwd L); 11 {Fin In & Out Run} Trn RF bk L (W trn RF fwd R), -, sd & fwd R between W's feet cont trn RF (W fwd & sd L cont trn RF brush R to L), fwd L to SCP DLC (W fwd R); 12 {Sl Sd Lk} Thru R,-, Sd & fwd L CP, XRIB trng LF to DC (Thru L,-, Sd & bk R, XLIF); 13-16 REVERSE WAVE;; CLOSED IMPETUS; FEATHER FINISH; 13-14 {Rev Wave} Fwd L comm LF turn,-, fwd & sd R cont turn, bk L to CP DRC (W start LF trn bk R, -, cl L heel trn, fwd R); Bk R w/ LF trn to fc RLOD, -, bk L , bk R CP RLOD; 15 {C l Imp} Bk L trng RF , -, cont trn cl R, bk and sd L to CP DLW (W fwdr btwn M's ft, -, fwd L trng RF, brush R to L then fwd on R betwn M's feet); 16 {Feath Fin} Bk R comm. LF trn, -, sd & fwd L outside ptr, fwd R (W fwd L comm. LF trn, -, sd & bk R, bk L) to BJO DLC;


Global navigation satellite system(GNSS) can deliver navigation information for spacecrafts which orbit on low-Earth orbits and medium Earth orbits. However, the GNSS cannot navigate the spacecraft on high-Earth orbit or deep space probes effectively. With the deep space exploration becoming a hot spot of aerospace, the demand for a deep space satellite navigation system is becoming increasingly prominent. Many researchers discussed the feasibility and performance of satellite navigation system on periodic orbits around the Earth-Moon libration points, as shown in figure 1. Autonomous orbit determination (AOD) is an important performance for the Lagrangian point satellite navigation system. With this ability, the Lagrangian point satellite navigation system can reduce the dependency on ground stations. AOD also can greatly reduce total system cost and assure mission continuity.


Multiple myeloma is the second commonest hematologic malignancy. It is characterized by neoplastic proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells in the bone marrow producing a monoclonal immunoglobulin and ultimately causing various complications and organ dysfunction. Over the last 10 years, management of multiple myeloma has dramatically changed due to the introduction of several novel therapies that have improved the disease outcome and prognosis, as well as the quality of life of patients with myeloma due to their safety, tolerability and efficacy. Additionally, the widespread utilization of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is still the standard of care for transplant-eligible patients, and the implementation of new therapeutic strategies such as drug combinations in addition to consolidation and maintenance therapies have resulted in further improvements in response rates and survival in patients with multiple myeloma. This book chapter will be an update on the novel therapies and the recent treatment strategies in myeloma. The role of stem cell treatments in the era of novel therapies will be discussed thoroughly.


B. Oleksiak (firstname.lastname@example.com), Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Metals Technology, Katowice, Poland G. Siwiec, A. Tomaszewska, D. Piękoś Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Metals Technology, Katowice, Poland During the leaching process of zinc concentrates, the waste materials rich in various metals such as eg. silver are produced. So far no attempts of silver recovery from the mentioned waste materials have been made due to the lack of any method which would be both effective and beneficial. The paper presents some possibilities of application of flotation process in silver recovery form waste materials generated during zinc production.


The Sanguine receiver must include sophisticated design features to permit extremely reliable operation at low signal-to-noise ratios. These features include nonlinear signal processing, compensation for the effects of the ocean channel, phase tracking at low signal-to-noise ratios, and sequential decoding. The entire receiver has been implemented on a small-digital computer, and extensive tests were conducted in order to optimize the design and to gather statistical data. Experiments with actual transmitted data indicate that the receiver can achieve the predicted performance. In this paper, the structure of the receiver is described, design tradeoffs are discussed, and the receiver performance is presented.


Microstructure studies in concrete are unique techniques for understanding the morphological features of concrete. In this research work, four mixture of concrete has been prepared by replacement of normal cement with geopolymer in 0 %, 50%, 80% and 100% of different ratio with recycled aggregates. Both class of fly ash F and C has been used with an alkaline activator (NaOH and Na 2 SiO 3 ). In each mixture, the alkaline liquid, sodium hydroxide (Noah), and sodium silicate were dependent on the amount of fly ash, while the ratio of NaOH to Na 2 SiO 3 is maintained 2.5 for all concrete. After costing twelve cylinders 150mm x 300 mm and twelve 152.4 mm x 152.4 mm x 609.6 mm concrete beams were cured for 28 days at a normal temperature of 27°C water. The physical and chemical properties have been investigated in this research. The SEM and XRF analysis of all samples has been compared with the controlled sample. Which all samples have been compared with a controlled sample, to identify the changing of compressive and flexural strength in each sample.


Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a recent focus of experimental and clinical research regarding myocardial regeneration. However, the therapeutic potential of these cells is limited by poor survival. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on the myocardium. The aim of the present study was to determine whether PGE1 could protect MSCs against serum deprivation (SD)-induced apoptosis. An SD model was used to induce apoptosis in MSCs in vitro. Apoptotic morphological changes were detected by Hoechst 33258 fluorescent nuclear staining; and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (PI) double staining and flow cytometry was used to quantify the rate of apoptosis. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression levels of the apoptosis-associated proteins Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3. The results of the present study demonstrated that SD induced apoptosis of MSCs, and that treatment with PGE1 attenuated the morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis. Annexin V/PI staining showed that the rate of apoptosis gradually increased with the duration of ischemia. Furthermore, treatment with PGE1 significantly reduced SD-induced apoptosis, decreased the protein expression levels of Bax and caspase-3, and increased the expression levels of Bcl-2. These data suggest that PGE1 is able to influence the survival of MSCs under certain conditions. These results may aid in improving the therapeutic efficacy of MSC transplantation used to treat chronic ischemic heart disease.


In recent years, agro-tourism has sprung up all over the country, and has gradually become a new form of agricultural business and a new force of tourism development. The development of agro-tourism plays an important role in enriching the agricultural industry forms, increasing farmers' income, promoting the optimization and upgrading of rural industrial structure, and expanding the field of the tourism section. This paper firstly introduces domestic and foreign agro-tourism development and current research situations. Then it analyses the development background of China's agro-tourism from the perspective of market demand, urbanization and transformation of rural economic structure. Based on analysis, it summarizes models of driving force of China's agro-tourism: regional traffic driven, city driven, scenic spot driven, and monopolistic resource-driven. According to these four driving force types, development strategies are put forward: Characteristic product development for regional traffic driven model; in-depth theme development for city driven model; interactive development for scenic spot driven model; brand development for resource driven model; priority development for integrated driven model. It is expected to provide reference and guidance for healthy and sustainable development of China's agro-tourism.


Background: Thymic hyperplasia has occasionally been reported as an immune response to vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We herein report a rare case of a vanishing mediastinal mass associated with mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Case Description: A woman in her forties presented with continuous fever after receiving her first mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Chest computed tomography (CT) examination revealed an anterior mediastinal mass of 66-mm in diameter. She was referred to our hospital for evaluation of the anterior mediastinal mass.18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) revealed markedly increased uptake in the mediastinal mass. The differential diagnosis included thymoma, thymic cancer, and lymphoma. Although a CT scan performed 25 days after vaccination showed that the mediastinal mass had shrunk to 32 mm, the lesion was still present and a needle biopsy was performed. Unfortunately, accurate pathological examination could not be achieved because of small specimen. A surgical biopsy by the thoracoscopic approach was next planned to rule out malignancy. However, a CT scan prior to surgical biopsy performed 2 months after vaccination revealed that the mediastinal mass had completely disappeared. The surgical biopsy was cancelled. Because there was no residual lesion at 6 months, we concluded that the mediastinal mass was an adverse effect of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, presenting as a transient hyperplasia of the thymus. Conclusions: It is important to distinguish an immune response from a malignancy to avoid unnecessary surgery or treatment. Our case warns us that we should take into account the timing of SARS-CoV2 vaccination when we encounter a patient with mediastinal mass. © AME Medical Journal. All rights reserved.


Objective:To detect telomerase activity in 87 benign and malignant salivary gland tumors and their adjacent no-tumor tissues,compare the telomerase expression in benign neoplasma with malignant lesions,research the correlation between telomerase activity and proliferation,metastasis of malignant salivary gland tumors.Methods:Telomerase activity was detected by a telomeric repeat amplification protocol ( TRAP) assay.Results:①Positive rate of telomerase in malignant salivary gland tumors is significant higher than benign mass (P0.01),telomerase activity in the adjacent no-tumor tissues of benign salivary gland mass and malignant ones is negative.②Positive rate of telomerase in TNM stage Ⅱ?Ⅲ?Ⅳ malignant salivary gland is significant higher than stage Ⅰ (P0.05).There is no significant correlation between telomerase positive rate and TNM stages.③Telomerase positive rate in 20mm tumor group was significant lower than ≥20mm group(P0.01) .④Node negative of malignant salivary gland tumor group was significant lower than node positive group (P0.01).Conclusions:The expression of telomerase was closely related with the proliferation and metastasis of malignant salivary gland tumors. Telomerase may be a specific marker used to distinguish malignant salivary gland tumors from their benign counterparts and predict the prognosis of salivary gland malignancies.


The relation between localization of interference fringes in classical and holographic interferometry is reviewed and an application of holographic interferometry is considered for which the object is a transparent medium with nonhomogeneous refractive index. The technique is based on the analysis of the optical path length change of the object wave as it propagates through a transparent medium. Phase shifts due to variations of the speed of light within the medium give rise to an interference pattern. The resulting interferogram can be used to determine the physical properties of the medium or transparent object. Such properties include the mass density of fluids, electron densities of plasmas, the temperature of fluids, the chemical species concentration of fluids, and the state of stress in solids. The optical wave used can be either a simple plane or spherical wave, or it may be a complicated spatial wave scattered by a diffusing screen. The mathematical theory on the formation and analysis of localized fringes, the general theoretical concepts used, and a computer code for analysis are included along with the inversion of fringe order data.


The interaction between light and participating media involves complex physical phenomena including light absorption and scattering. Media such as fog, clouds or smoke feature complex lighting interactions that are intrinsically related to the properties of their constitutive particles. As a result, the radiance transmitted by the medium depends on the varying properties on the entire light paths, which generate soft light shafts and opacity variations. Simulating light scattering in these media usually requires complex offline estimations. Real-time applications are either based on heavy precomputations, limited to homogeneous media or relying on simplistic rendering techniques such as billboards. We propose a generic method for fast estimation of single scattering within participating media. Introducing the concept of Transmittance Function Maps and Uniform Projective Space Sampling, our method leverages graphics hardware for interactive support of dynamic light sources, viewpoints and participating media. Our method also accounts for the shadows cast from solid objects, providing a full-featured solution for fast rendering of participating media which potentially embrace the entire scene.


Karolina Prasad's book is a welcoming addition to the literature on ethnic politics in Malaysia and Indonesia, particularly in Sarawak (Malaysia) and West Kalimantan (Indonesia). To the reviewer's knowledge, this is a first scholarly work that compares extensively the ethnic politics in Sarawak and West Kalimantan, two states on Borneo with the same ethnic composition but under different regimes and electoral institutions. Malaysia is a consociational polity where power is shared through the bargains among the elites of various ethnic categories. Malaysia also adopts a first-past-the-post electoral system with single-mandate constituencies. While legislators at the national and state levels in Malaysia are directly elected, executive heads at the national, regional and local levels are indirectly elected. Indonesia, on the other hand, is a centripetal polity that does not include elite bargains but instead let the voters decide the ethnic composition of the legislative and executive. Indonesia also adopts a proportional representation electoral system with multi-mandate constituencies. Legislators at the national, provincial and local levels are directly elected. Moreover, presidents and vice-presidents are directly elected since 2004, and executive heads at the regional and local levels are directly elected since 2005. While West Kalimantan has encountered several inter-ethnic conflicts, including the deadly violence of 1999, 2000 and 2001 between Dayaks and Madurese as well as between Malays and Madurese, Sarawak has remained peaceful since it became part of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963. This study aims to find out under different political settings in divided societies, how political entrepreneurs use ethnic identities as tools to expand their support base or to maximise their chances of victory in elections. In other words, this book is about how politics influence ethnic identities in societies where ethnic identities are activated in politics.


In this paper, a new zero voltage switching bidirectional DC-DC converter with low number elements is proposed. The synchronous rectification and soft-switching techniques are adopted to reduce the conduction loss and switching loss respectively. In the proposed converter any auxiliary circuits for providing soft switching conditions are not used, therefore the efficiency can be improved. In this converter the switches are gated with PWM signal and in complementary form, therefore the implementation of control circuit is simple. Since the proposed bidirectional DC-DC converter has only three main components with two snubber capacitors, the power density is very high. Simulation and experimental results verified the theoretical analysis and the efficiency of proposed converter in full load is about 96%.


Atomic protein structure helps in understanding the functions associated with protein molecule. Therefore, it is very important to correlate the structural information from the biological functions of proteins for translational research. So far, BRCA1 and BRCA2 (Breast Cancer Susceptibility genes 1 and 2) genes have been extensively studied genes for hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. BRCA1 comprises 1863 amino acids and is involved in the tumour suppressor function. It also plays an important role in cell cycle checkpoint control and DNA damage repair process. Germ-line mutations discovered in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are distributed all over gene coding regions. BRCA1 encompasses different functional domains like RING-domain at N- terminus, DNA binding domain at the centre and tandem repeats of BRCT at C-terminus. RING-domain of BRCA1 interacts with BARD1, BAP1 whereas C-terminal region of BRCA1 interacts with BACH1, CtIP, Abraxas and controls the cell -cycle checkpoint through the protein-protein interactions. Germ-line mutations identified from the larger cohort of patients is available in different databases. However, unreported mutations are also regularly detected in clinical settings. We have evaluated the folding pattern of mutations discovered in different domains of BRCA1 and BRCA2 using in-silico, in-vitro and biophysical approaches. Furthermore, studies of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with the binding partners of BRCA1 such as RAP80, MERIT40, and ABRAXAS have been explored using isothermal titration calorimetry. The slight differences between wild-type and mutant proteins of BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been observed. The data obtained from Circular- Dichroism, protein-protein interactions and structural analysis confirm that an alterations in protein folding pattern although not able to serve as a sole tool for mutation pathogenicity assessment, could provide valuable information to aid the classification of uncertain, potentially disease-causing, variants in the human cancer-relevant genes. Grant number: DST (Grant DST/INT/RUS/RSF/11), Russian foundation for Basic research (grant number 19-515-25001) Citation Format: Neha Mishra, Mudassar Ali Khan, Ekaterina S. Kuligina, Syed Hasan, Ashok K. Varma. Structural and functional assessment of mutations identified in different breast cancer genes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5457.


For space exploration, reducing the size of landing ellipses, increases the access to areas of scientific interest. This can be achieved with improved GNC systems. Since the exclusive use of IMUs is insufficient for Pinpoint Landing, optical navigation is being explored as a solution. The method developed in this work is based on image features matched between a pre-built database and the landing images captured in real-time. The algorithm was tested with data from DLR's TRON laboratory, namely images of a terrain model representative of the lunar surface and the associated ground-truth. Provided sufficient image area, the navigation solution averaged around 1% of the Line Of Sight (LOS) distance and had a maximum value of around 3% of the LOS distance (apart from clear outliers).


The present invention, (20S) -1? Hydroxy -2α- methyl-19-nor - vitamin Since these compounds show a marked activity in inducing differentiation of undifferentiated cells growth inhibition and their monocytes, as anticancer agents, and skin diseases such as psoriasis and wrinkles, skin sagging, dry skin and not it is obvious that the same may be used in the treatment of skin conditions such as sufficient sebum secretion. These compounds also because it has very well marked calcemic activity, can be used in the treatment of human immune disorders, and metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis.


The rulers of Western societies are confronted today with diverse cultural identities based more clearly than in the past on beliefs and religious affiliations, a veritable melting pot of referents and identity links. The organization in 2006 of a conference on local authorities and religious individuals entitled Strategies for Consolidating Inter-religious Dialogue held at the initiative of the Committee on Culture and Education of the Council of Europe immediately raises at least two preliminary questions: what is the significance of this initiative, and why pay attention to the local level?


This study aims to examine the effect of Third Party Funds and Capital Adequacy Ratio on Murabahah Financing in Indonesia from 2017-2019. This research method uses quantitative approach. The data used in this study comes from financial statements of sharia bank companies in Indonesia for the period of 2017-2019. Then, the data that has been obtained will be analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing consisting of the t test and f test with the help from SPSS 23 software. The sampling technique uses non probability sampling with purposive sampling technique. The results of statistical testing show that partially Third Party Funds has positive effect on Murabahah Financing and Capital Adequacy Ratio has positive effect on Murabahah Financing. Meanwhile, simultaneously Third Party Funds and Capital Adequacy Ratio has an effect on Murabahah Financing. Then, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 97,5%. This shows that Third Party Funds and Capital Adequacy Ratio variables can effect the Murabahah Financing by 97,5% and the remaining of 2,5% is influenced by other variables which are not used in this study. Keywords: Third Party Funds, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Murabahah Financing


In ultrasonic measurements, the time of flight to the object interface is often the only information that is analysed. Conventionally it is only possible to determine distances or sound velocities if the other value is known. The current paper deals with a novel method to measure the sound propagation path length and the sound velocity in media with moving scattering particles simultaneously. Since the focal position also depends on sound velocity, it can be used as a second parameter. Via calibration curves it is possible to determine the focal position and sound velocity from the measured time of flight to the focus, which is correlated to the maximum of averaged echo signal amplitude. To move focal position along the acoustic axis, an annular array is used. This allows measuring sound velocity locally resolved without any previous knowledge of the acoustic media and without a reference reflector. In previous publications the functional efficiency of this method was shown for media with constant velocities. In this work the accuracy of these measurements is improved. Furthermore first measurements and simulations are introduced for non-homogeneous media. Therefore an experimental set-up was created to generate a linear temperature gradient, which also causes a gradient of sound velocity.


Page Introduction 1 General background 1 Objective 3 Theoretical Background 3 Estimation of Model Parameters 6 1. Hydraulic conductivity 6 2. Hydraulic head, gradient, and groundwater velocity 7 3. Total porosity and effective porosity 10 4. Retardation coefficient 10 5. Dispersion coefficient and dispersivity 14 6. Biodegradation rate coefficient 18 ii LIST OF TABLES PAGE Table 1. Values of hydraulic conductivity for various sediments 6 Table 2. Values of bulk density, total porosity, and effective porosity for common aquifer matrix materials 11 Table 3. Partitioning coefficients for different monoaromatic hydrocarbons 13 Table 4. Representative values of total organic carbon content in various sediments 14 Table 5. Typical values of the variance of the natural logarithm of hydraulic conductivity for various geological formation 17 Table 6. Common field methods for determining the biodegradation rate coefficient 20 Table 7. …Benzene concentrations from four wells placed along the principal flow direction 22 Table 8. Benzene and TMB concentrations from well samples along the main flow direction 24 Table 9. Excel output of regression analysis results for data from Figure 7 27 Table 10. Regression analysis results for data from Figure 8 29 Table A-1. Physical and chemical properties of monoaromatic hydrocarbons 36 Table C-1. Comparisons of parameter values from the IDNR vs. clayey soil 45 iii LIST OF FIGURES PAGE Figure 1. Geometry of the plume model given in Equation B.2 5 Figure 2. Determination of hydraulic gradient and flow direction by triangulation 9 Figure 2a. Sketch for determining the direction and gradient of sample in Figure 2 9 Figure 3. Sensitivity analysis of plume length to the total porosity 11 Figure 4. The longitudinal dispersivity as a function of an overall scale 15 Figure 5. Example of linear regression to determine k/u by Buscheck & Alcantar method 22 Figure 6. Example of linear regression to determine λ by the TMB normalization method 24 Figure 7. Temporal trends for benzene concentrations downgradient from the source 27 Figure 8. Temporal trends for benzene concentrations downgradient from the source 28 Figure A-1. Structure of monoaromatic hydrocarbons 36 Figure C-1. A sample of spreadsheet setup in calculating plume dimensions 43 Figure C-2. Comparison of steady-state plume profiles using IDNR default and typical clay site parameters 45


The flexibility and intelligence degree of Micromouse depended on not only structure and properties of hardware,but also whether software design was good or bad.The more intelligent the Micromouse was,the more difficult software design was.This paper concluded and compared the algorithms of maze-running micromouse,and discribed advantages and disadvantages of different algorithms.


Permanent magnet synchronous linear motor(PMLSM) sensor-less servo control system is designed based on PMLSM mathematical model and adapt magnetic field vector control,the current and speed double loops controller are realized.The whole model are established and analyzed based on Matlab/Simulink.Furthermore,the digital control system including software and hardware system based on DSP2812 processor are implemented,and response time and torque pulsation are emphasized.Imitation and experimental results show that the control arithmetic and experimental scheme have the accuracy,and the system have a excellent performance.


Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine the variability associated with aflatoxin contamination of peanuts from plants grown in specified row lengths. Runner peanuts (cv. Georgia Green) were planted in 10, 76.2 m rows (20 seed/m) and grown using standard production practices. Plants were exposed to natural late-season drought conditions making the peanuts susceptible to preharvest aflatoxin contamination. Plants were mechanically dug, inverted, and separated into 500 plots of 1.5 m single rows. Peanuts from each numerically identified plot were harvested with a mechanical picker, dried to 8% kernel moisture (wet basis), shelled, and analyzed for aflatoxin by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The average kernel mass and weighted average aflatoxin concentration for all plots was 131 g and 2278 ng/g, respectively. The kernel mass varied among the 500 plots from a low of 4 g to a maximum of 283 g. The aflatoxin concentration among the 500 plots varied from a low of 0 ng/g to a maximum o...