The role of strange quark mass in chiral QCD phase transition is examined, in the environment of relativistic nuclear collisions. The term in the effective potential of the O(4) universality class satisfies the stability requirement for a tricritical behaviour and can be used in order to study critical fluctuations in either side of the tricritical point . Comparing the corresponding patterns of density fluctuations in rapidity, one may distinguish the effects due to first- or second-order phase transition in A+A collisions.


The science of epidemiology had a modest beginning in the collection of data on the occurrence of epidemic disease. The "father" of epidemiology, William Farr, was a statistician to the 1st Registrar General of England and Wales ca. 1837. He studied the frequency of deaths ascribed to epidemic diseases such as smallpox in certain intervals of time, and attempted to rationalize epidemic curves so that they could be used for predictive purposes. The methods utilized by Farr and later workers have now been extended to disease in general so that epidemiology is no longer the science of epidemic disease. It now embraces the study of the occurrence of disease in populations, both infectious and non-infectious disease, both epidemic and non-epidemic disease. As epidemiological methods have been created, modified, and codified, the science has developed its own distinctive terminology which frequently utilizes familiar terms but defines them in more or less unusual ways. The purpose of this communication is to point out some of the special meanings given by epidemiologists to terms that are commonly used in different senses by ordinary people such as entomologists. This is done in the hope that communication between entomologists and epidemiologists will be facilitated.


Performance analysis of Slotted CSMA/CA MAC protocol under different parameters for static IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks Amol Patel and Raksha Upadhyay Institute of Engineering and Technology Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya Indore (M.P.), India _______________________________________________________________________________________ AbstractWSNs have emerged as an important area for research and development because of its application in monitoring and tracking. This paper, presents and discuss the performance of slotted CSMA/CA MAC protocol for static WSNs, with only minor add-ons to the protocol by tuning its parameter adequately. The performance of the slotted CSMA/CA MAC protocol is evaluated and analyzed for different network configurations to understand the impact of the protocol parameters such as super frame order, beacon order, back off exponent, frame size and CSMA/CA overheads on the network performance, namely in terms of throughput, average delay and energy consumed by the network. The proposed work is implemented on Qualnet 5.0.2 Network Simulator and the performance of CSMA/CA MAC protocol is evaluated for static WSNs. KeywordsWireless Sensor Network (WSN), Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) , Back-off Exponent (BE), Medium access control (MAC) etc. __________________________________________________________________________________________


Microwave heating is a promising technique for hyperthermia treatment of tumors, but is not yet a standard clinical method. Problems include the inability to control automatically and noninvasively the temporal and spatial temperature behavior. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to map thermal changes via phase shifts in gradient-echo images and has recently been incorporated into simple feedback systems for ultrasound heating. In this paper, we show the first demonstration of closed-loop feedback control of microwave heating using MRI-derived maps of both temperature and specific absorption rate as the inputs to a feedback algorithm. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts in Magnetic Resonance (Magn Reson Engineering) 15: 101–110, 2002.


A fuzzy cerebellar model articulation control system is presented for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems. The proposed control system contains of a fuzzy CMAC (FCMAC) and a robust controller. FCMAC is a main tracking controller utilized to approximate an ideal controller and the parameters of FCMAC are on-line tuned by the derived adaptive laws from the Lyapunov function. The robust controller is designed to suppress the influence of approximate error between the ideal controller and adaptive FCMAC, so that the robust tracking performance of the system can be guaranteed. Finally, two MIMO uncertain nonlinear systems, a Chua's chaotic circuit and a two-inverted pendulum system, are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.


This research explored the thesis that mental model construction can be an effective instructional strategy for mental models learning by constructing a prototype that embodies this approach. The mental model to be learned was the Internet, including the components of the Internet, their functions, and their relationships to one another. To do this, students were required to place the components of the Internet in their proper places and assemble the proper functions of each component. The model-assembly module was constructed as a computer-based training module, using Authorware authoring software. A group of 43 community college students in an "Introduction to Computers" course participated in a pilot test. Both the control group and the treatment group went through an instructional activity and a reassembly activity. In the instructional activity, the control group observed the model assemble itself, while the treatment group were required to drag each component to its correct location. Scores on a posttest and the reassembly activity were compared. Results indicate a better grasp of the model within the treatment group, as well as significant differences between age groups and between males and females. (MES) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Student Model Construction: An Interactive Strategy for Mental Models Learning PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Male sailfin mollies (Poecilia latipinna) can be sexually parasitized by closely related, unisexual, gynogenetic Amazon mollies (Poecilia formosa). This study examined possible cues used by male P. latipinna to distinguish between conspecific females and sympatric, heterospecific P. formosa. Digital photos were used to create models to test male P. latipinna preference for model female P. latipinna and P. formosa with a full suite of traits and altered models of P. latipinna and P. formosa. Male P. latipinna significantly preferred models of either species over no stimulus, demonstrating that models elicit a male response. Males also significantly preferred female P. latipinna models over P. formosa models. We also examined species recognition by female sailfin mollies using the same models, and found that female sailfin mollies significantly preferred to associate with female P. latipinna over P. formosa. These results taken together suggest that the use of fish models yield results similar to those studies using live stimuli. Male preference was then tested for unaltered vs. altered models in the following combinations: (i) P. formosa vs. P. formosa with a female P. latipinna fin; (ii) P. formosa vs. P. formosa with a female P. latipinna lateral spot pattern; (iii) P. formosa vs. P. latipinna with a P. formosa fin and their spotless lateral pattern. Males did not significantly prefer models with any isolated traits over the unaltered P. formosa models. Thus, males may be using traits other than the ones isolated for species recognition or males may be using a suite of multiple traits to recognize conspecific females.


The embodiments of the invention provide a data processing method and apparatus. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining positions of multiple space points and grating parameters of multiple groups of gratings; respectively calculating left-eye light intensity and right-eye light intensity which are corresponding to each space point under the grating parameters of each group of gratings; according to the left-eye light intensity and right-eye light intensity which are corresponding to each space point under the grating parameters of each group of gratings, forming multiple left-eye and right-eye space distribution images; selecting a maximum-width position along a preset direction from one left-eye and right-eye space distribution image, wherein the position is corresponding to one group of space points, the space points are equally distanced from a display screen, and the distance between the group of space points are and the display screen is taken as an optimal observation distance; and under the group of space points, selecting grating parameters corresponding to maximum-width positions from the multiple left-eye and right-eye space distribution images as optimal grating parameters. According to the method, the optimal grating parameters and optimal observation points can be obtained simultaneously, furthermore, users can be enabled to obtain an optimal stereo display effect, and user experience is improved.


In this paper, we provide a characterisation of the ionosphere from April 2018 to September 2022 for 48 investigated months. We used the data of the China Sesimo Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01), which is a sun-synchronous satellite with five days of revisit time and fixed local time of about 2 a.m. and 2 p.m. The unique orbit of CSES-01 permitted us to produce a monthly background of the ionosphere for night- and daytime with median values acquired during geomagnetic quiet time in equatorial and mid-latitude regions (i.e., between 50° S and 50° N of geographical latitude). We compared the obtained CSES-01 monthly median values with the solar activity in terms of sunspot numbers, and we found a high correlation of 0.89 for nighttime and 0.85 for daytime between the mean sunspot number and the maximum of the characterised CSES-01 Ne map values. In addition, we extracted all the anomalous positive increases in CSES-01 electron density and compared them with the Worldwide M5.5+ shallow earthquakes. We tested two different definitions of anomaly based on median and interquartile range or (mild) outliers. We tried two relationships between anomalies inside Dobrovolsky's area before the earthquake and the magnitude of the same seismic events: one which considers distance in space and time and a second which only uses the anticipation time of the anomaly before the earthquake. Using both anomaly definitions, we searched the best coefficients for these two laws for mid-latitude and equational regions. We found that the best coefficients are independent of the anomaly definition, but better accuracy (greater than 80%) is obtained for the outlier definition. Finally, using receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we show that CSES-01 increases seem statistically correlated to the incoming seismic activity.


Robust gold–carbon nanoparticles were synthesized by the sodium borohydride reduction of the diazonium tetrachloroaurate(III) complex [C8F17-4-C6H4N≡N]AuCl4. FT-IR, 1H NMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the ruby red gold nanoparticles indicated the absence of the diazonium nitrogen and the presence of the organic shell C8F17-4-C6H4. Temperature-dependent X-ray powder diffraction (TD-XRD) measurements showed intense cubic gold nanoparticle diffraction patterns in the temperature range 300–500 °C. The effective hydrodynamic size measured by a nanoparticle track analyzer (NTA) in ethanol is 45 nm, and the average core size estimated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is 3.2 ± 0.2 nm. The core–shell bonding is strong and is able to withstand prolonged sonication in ethanol and acetonitrile and indefinite exposure to ambient conditions in the solid state.


The problem of this investigation has but one objective. The writer will attempt to determine a sound visual education program for a small high school.


The study examines heterogeneity in travel behaviour among ride-hailing services (RHS) users by including attitudes, in order to reinforce conventional user-segmentation approaches. Simultaneously, prioritization of ride-hailing specific attributes was carried out to assess how RHS will operate in a sustainable way. The study initially examines latent heterogeneity in users through a LCCA model, and subsequently prioritizes key RHS-specific attributes for each cluster using and MCDM techniques. Three clusters were identified, based on individuals' attitudes and covariates (socio-demographics, land-use attributes, and travel habits). The largest cluster is termed as Tech-savvy ride-hailing-ready individuals (48%), who have higher technological ability, and show maximum acceptance towards RHS. The second largest cluster, termed as Traditional active-travelling individuals (28%), display least proclivity towards RHS, probably due to their technological inhibition coupled with their greater attachment to traditional travel modes. Lastly, the Multimodal PV-loving individuals (24%) are mostly vehicle-owners but also prefer RHS for occasional trips. The final ranking obtained from the analysis revealed that travel time, reliability, and flexibility ( motivators ); travel cost, and waiting time ( deterrents ) are perceived as the key attributes influencing RHS adoption in the Indian context.


Chinas pension system is facing such problems as implicit pension debt,personal " empty account " problem,the lack of pension fund collection and fragmented system,which cannot meet the challenge the coming aging population.China should make appropriate choices in reforming the above-mentioned problems,encourage the creation of systems on top-level design so as to form a new pension system.


Liban" quarry in Krakow has a rich historical past. Located in the city center of Krakow, it is a symbol of industrial development in the twentieth century, as well as prisons and places of memory of Nazi crimes. Rich in spatial forms produced during the extraction of limestone, in the countryside creates an oasis of peace and tranquility in the heart of the city. Developed path relies on the availability of scientifi c values to a wide audience of Polish and foreign. Development was created based on existing legal requirements and planning, taking into account the behavior of certain facilities and equipment as an integral part of the pit. In addition, the proposed method development will aff ect the growth of interest in the forgotten part of the industrial region of Krakow Krzemionki.


Several evolutionary biologists have used a parsimony argument to argue that the single gene is the unit of selection. Since all evolution by natural selection can be represented in terms of selection coefficients attaching to single genes, it is, they say, "more parsimonious" to think that all selection is selection for or against single genes. We examine the limitations of this genic point of view, and then relate our criticisms to a broader view of the role of causal concepts and the dangers of reification in science.


The automated peptide synthesizer as developed based on the solid phase synthetic method of Merrifield has been improved.The automatic synthesizer developed in the present study is less expensive, and can be operated automatically as well as manually. Thus, the reaction conditions and the reaction sequences, etc. can easily be changed.A heptapeptide, Gly-Pro-Gly-Phe-Gly-Pro-Gly, was synthesized rapidly and in a good yield.


A soft X-ray observation of the Vela Supernova Remnant is
described. X-ray surface brightness maps of the Remnant are presented
in three energy intervals, 0.15 - 0.5 keV, 0.5 - 1.0 keV, and
1.0 - 2.0 keV, and in two different spatial resolutions, 1° x 1°,
and 40' x 40'. The maps show a vague shell structure, with two prominent
emission regions and a third of somewhat less intensity. A
new method for producing these maps is described. Spectral results
are presented for the entire nebula and for the two prominent subregions.
The spectra are found to be represented by the model of
X-ray emission from a low density, high temperature plasma with
abundances given by Allen (1973). Line emission, radiative recombination,
and thermal bremsstrahlung are included. Narrow band measurements
with a filter system reveal that the emission from O VIII is
deficient by at least a factor of three; a possible explanation of this
is considered. A search for X-ray pulsations from the Vela pulsar is
described, and upper limits are given for any X-ray pulsations at the
period observed for the radio pulsar.


The paper tries to establish different ways of using statistical analysis and machine learning to effectively improve the accuracy of the mileage prediction in electric vehicles. The aim to collect sufficient amount of data from the driver while the vehicle is in use and then use the above methods to make the system is customized to the driver and the conditions that the vehicle is driven such as outside temperature, driving habits, use of temperature controls.


Trainspotting is famous in the Western world today. Most people who know it connect it with the 1996 Danny Boyle film of the same name. The movie is based on a novel by Irvine Welsh which was first published in 1993. Welsh based the novel on his own drug related experiences from his youth in Scotland. Trainspotting revolves around a group of friends that are addicted to heroin. The novel portrays the addicts' turbulent lives and does not paint a pretty picture. The characters often clash with others, whether it is government, police or their families. Mark Renton, the protagonist of Trainspotting, and his friends feel like they do not belong in today's society and do everything they can to stay out of it. They are unemployed, have cut their families out of their lives and have no direction in life. The British government has implemented laws and spent a lot of money and effort on campaigns against drugs since early in the 20th century. In the last few decades the British government has focused on a war against heroin and in doing so described heroin addicts as worthless losers that nobody would want to end up like, the lowest of the low. The British government has implemented laws and run campaigns that aim to marginalize heroin addicts and show that there is no place for them in society. This portrayal of addicts by the government rings true with the characters in Trainspotting as they face all the problems that the government preaches against in its anti-heroin campaigns and law makings.


In one embodiment, an opto-electronic package includes a substrate, a cavity, mounting pads and transverse walls interspersed along the cavity, pads separated by transverse walls, and transverse walls being lower than cavity-defining walls; and LED dice mounted to the pads. In another embodiment, a system is disclosed for backlighting an LCD screen. The system includes an opto-electronic package having a substrate; LED dice mounted to the substrate; an encapsulant disposed over LED dice; and a light guide having an input portion to receive light provided by LED dice, the input portion in attachment to encapsulant, and an output portion configured to transmit light to LCD screen. In yet another embodiment, a method of manufacturing an opto-electronic package includes: fabricating a substrate; attaching LED dice to the substrate; electrically connecting each LED dice to an outer portion of the substrate; and disposing encapsulant over the LED dice.


Web 2.0 technologies have offered interactive map services on the Internet. Google Maps is a map service that makes available its API (application programming interface) for developing Web-based geospatial applications. In such applications, layers are used to organise spatial data. Using layers, users can abstract from data that are irrelevant to their interest. However, Google Maps API has no direct support to the development of custom layers management. Developers have to design and implement such support in every application they develop. It makes the development processes less efficient and error prone. This paper proposes a software framework to facilitate the development of geospatial applications with custom layers based on Google Maps. Using this framework, developers can produce higher quality applications in shorter time.


We examine the link between gender diversity and performance outcomes in team competitions with large financial stakes, using new data on more than 2,300 teams from a series of high-profile television game shows. The collected data come from three diverse field settings including an actual business environment (The Apprentice), a natural survival contest (Survivor), and a high-pressure cooking competition (Hell's Kitchen). Our overall results show all-female and female-dominated teams to be as successful as their male counterparts in each competition. Team success rates also depend on task type, with notable differences in win rates observed in favour of all-male teams for projects which demand creativity on The Apprentice. The probability of winning an intellectual challenge on Survivor is found to be proportional to the share of women in a team, while male-dominated teams perform better in physical challenges. Lastly, we report male and female team leaders to have equal success in high-stake business competitions, independent of the team gender mix or type of project undertaken. These findings provide some of the first evidence about the role of gender diversity in competitive field settings with unusually large payoffs.


Decontamination of egg shells is required to improve the microbiological safety of the fresh hen eggs used for human consumption or for hatching. Conventional chemical decontamination methods involving quaternary ammonium disinfectant, sodium hydroxide, phenol, hydrogen peroxide or formaldehyde, leave residues on egg shells that may damage the cuticle layer. Therefore new techniques of egg shells decontamination, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, have been developed. This review aims to evaluate the data from available literature and to provide a general review of UV light treatment application for egg shell decontamination. Data shows that UV treatment was effective for the inactivation of the bacterial population present on clean egg shells and recently contaminated shells. Combined treatments such as UV light with ozone or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) improved the inactivation of microorganisms. Recent advances in science and engineering indicate that treatment with UV light has a competitive advantage in comparison with traditional egg shell sanitation treatments for decontamination.


Objectives: To show why and how the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression became the 'Gold Standard' for assessing therapies from the mid-1960s and how it was used to frame depression as a short-term and curable illness rather than a chronic one. Methods: My approach is that of the social construction of knowledge, identifying the interests, institutional contexts and practices that produce knowledge claims and then mapping the social processes of their circulation, validation and acceptance. Results: The circulation and validation of Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression was relatively slow and it became a 'Gold Standard' 'from below', from an emerging consensus amongst psychiatrists undertaking clinical trials for depression, which from the 1960s were principally with psychopharmaceuticals for short-term illness. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, drug trials and the construction of depression as non-chronic were mutually constituted. Discussion: Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression framed depression and its sufferers in new ways, leading psychiatrists to understand illness as a treatable episode, rather than a life course condition. As such, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression served the interests of psychiatrists and psychiatry in its new era of drug therapy outside the mental hospital. However, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression was a strange kind of 'standard', being quite non-standard in the widely varying ways it was used and the meanings given to its findings.


The function, pump package control,partition design and hydraulic control mode for single partition of hydraulic propulsion system are introduced in terms ofΦ14.87 m exceed diameter mud-water-air balance shield ma- chine used in Shangzhong Road Tunnel of Shanghai.The study shows that the hydraulic propulsion system meets needs of the gross propulsion and speed control,enhances the assembly efficiency of duct pieces;the strategy of pressure reducing by proportions satisfies project needs


Pedicel development and fruit growth in Citrus sinensis 'Salustiana' and their relation with indol-acetic acid content Experiments were performed in fruits collected from Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck var. Salustiana with the objective to establish the relationship between indol-acetic acid content and, fruit and pedicel development during the initial growth stage. Reproductive structures of different trees from an orchard in Museros (Valencia, Spain) were collected periodically, from anthesis to 118 days after anthesis and used to determine cross-sectional area of pedicel, anatomical changes, dry mass of fruit, and indol-acetic acid (IAA) content using HPLC. The increase in cross-sectional area of pedicel was related to the increase in cross-sectional area of xylem and phloem, with greater rate from the 62 dda, due to the activity of the vascular cambium. Xylem and phloem continued developing until the end of the study (118 dda), but from the 76 dda the active phloem area remained constant due to the development of internal fiber layers. During the period of study the concentration of AIA in the pedicel as in the fruit was noticeably superior during postanthesis, and soon it diminished sharply. The maximum levels of IAA fitted with processes of cellular division and differentiation in pedicel and with the slow phase of growth of the fruit. Growth kinetic of pedicel and fruit were noticeably similar, being observed a greater rate of increase in fruit dry mass during the period of greater development of the secondary vascular tissue, mainly of xylem. Additional key words: Orange, AIA, anatomy of pedicel


. . Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is a comprehensive and powerful strategy for processes improvement and products. There is a cornucopia of tools for its implementation and 37 among them were selected to carry out an evaluation based on three factors, namely: Frequency of use of the tool; Difficulty in implementing; Importance and impact of the tool in the implementation of LSS. An online survey was conducted with Portuguese consultants and it included questions on the profile, and the companies they worked, as well as the degree of impact of the tools used. Consultants were asked to choose ten tools, ranking them in order of importance. The frequencies with which each tool had been cited were counted. A procedure was then developed to identify the know-how of consultants to establish a ranking of LSS tools. It was created an ordering list of tools, which emphasized in: Honshin Kanri, VOC, VSM. The results presented are particularly relevant when is considered the importance of understanding the requirements for a successful implementation of Lean Six Sigma management system in the organizations.


In the present article we investigate the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a system of integral equations of fractional order by using some …xed point theorems. Also we illustrate our results with some examples.


In this study, we have examined the thermal decomposition of two volatile-bearing iron minerals, in particular, lepidocrocite (gamma-FeOOH) and siderite (FeCO3), under Mars-like pressures. Both minerals exhibit different enthalpic events during their decomposition at reduced atmospheric pressures when compared to those at ambient pressure. These differences in energetics are related to the mechanisms of thermal decomposition at Mars-like pressures. Such knowledge regarding the thermal stability of volatile-bearing minerals on Mars will provide useful information for planetary surface processes.


Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of kidney-reinforcing and menstrual cycle-regulating therapy combined with hormone on patients with diminished ovarian reserve. Methods Eighty cases with diminished ovarian reserve were divided into control group and treatment group,40 cases in each group. Patients in control group treated by hormone,and patients in treatment group were treated with kidney-reinforcing and menstrual cycle-regulating therapy on the basis of control group. Clinical efficacy and hormone levels of the two groups were observed. Results Total effective rate was 95. 0% in treatment group,significantly higher than 85. 0% in control group( P 0. 05). The follicle-stimulating hormone( FSH), FSH / luteinizing hormone( LH) and estradiol( E2) were( 9. 00 ± 4. 58) m U · m L~(-1),( 2. 12 ± 1. 16),( 65. 24 ± 21. 64) pg·m L~(-1)in treatment group after treatment,significantly lower than those in control group,which were( 12. 86 ± 5. 94)m U· m L~(-1),( 3. 28 ± 1. 65) and( 70. 34 ± 21. 47) pg · m L~(-1)( P 0. 05). Conclusion Kidney-reinforcing and menstrual cycle-regulating therapy combined with western medicine can improve the clinical outcomes and satisfaction of patients as well as the clinical symptoms.


The prediction of the sediment loading generated within a watershed is an important input in the design and management of water resources projects. High variability of hydro-climatic factors with sediment generation makes the modelling of the sediment process cum- bersome and tedious. The methods for the estimation of sediment concentration based on the properties of flow and sediment have limitations attributed to the simplification of important parameters and boundary conditions. Under such circumstances, soft computing approaches have proven to be an efficient tool in modelling the sediment concentration. The focus of this paper is to present the development of models using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with back propagation and Levenberg-Maquardt algorithms, radial basis function (RBF), Fuzzy Logic, and decision tree algorithms such as M5 and REPTree for predicting the suspended sediment concentration at Kasol, upstream of the Bhakra reservoir, located in the Sutlej basin in northern India. The input vector to the various models using different algorithms was derived con- sidering the statistical properties such as auto-correlation function, partial auto-correlation, and cross-correlation function of the time series. It was found that the M5 model performed well compared to other soft computing techniques such as ANN, fuzzy logic, radial basis function, and REPTree investigated in this study, and results of the M5 model indicate that all ranges of sediment concentration values were simulated fairly well. This study also suggests that M5 model trees, which are analogous to piecewise linear functions, have certain advantages over other soft computing techniques because they offer more insight into the generated model, are acceptable to decision makers, and always converge. Further, the M5 model tree offers explicit expressions for use by field engineers. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000445. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Suspended sediment; Neural networks; Fuzzy sets; Reservoirs. Author keywords: Suspended sediment concentration; Neural networks; Fuzzy Logic; M5; REPTree; Bhakra reservoir.


PARA-CHLOROPHENYLALANINE (Fenclonine, PCP) is a drug that reduces levels of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) in the tissues of animals and of man by inhibition of the rate-limiting enzyme in its bio...


Grouting or bolting of the connection between monopile and transition price are time consuming operations. Grouting issues have cost the industry a fortune up to now and the alternative of bolting, which implies the use of hydraulic tools offshore, is complicated and time consuming. They are heavy and difficult to handle. Moreover the installation of pre-tensioned bolts requires complicated procedures and the bolts need to be periodically inspected and tightened during service intervals.


Abstract. Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) is a significant preclinical imaging modality that has been actively studied in the past two decades. It remains a challenging task to obtain fast and accurate reconstruction of fluorescent probe distribution in small animals due to the large computational burden and the ill-posed nature of the inverse problem. We have recently studied a nonuniform multiplicative updating algorithm that combines with the ordered subsets (OS) method for fast convergence. However, increasing the number of OS leads to greater approximation errors and the speed gain from larger number of OS is limited. We propose to further enhance the convergence speed by incorporating a first-order momentum method that uses previous iterations to achieve optimal convergence rate. Using numerical simulations and a cubic phantom experiment, we have systematically compared the effects of the momentum technique, the OS method, and the nonuniform updating scheme in accelerating the FMT reconstruction. We found that the proposed combined method can produce a high-quality image using an order of magnitude less time.


Doping transition metal cation is known to enhance the electric conduction of solid electrolytes, however, the ionic conduction can be improved by doping the small amount of transition metal, in particular, doping Co is effective for improving the oxide ion conductivity. In this investigation, oxide ion conductivity of LaGaO{sub 3} based oxide doped with Co were investigated in detail. It was found that LaGaO{sub 3} doped with Co for Ga site (LSGMC) show a notable oxide ion conductivity over a wide range of oxygen partial pressures, although a hole conduction appeared by addition of excess amount of Co. Considering the electrical conductivity and transport number of oxide ion, the optimized composition of LSGMC seems to exist at La{sub 0.8}Sr{sub 0.2}Ga{sub 0.8}Mg{sub 0.115}Co{sub 0.085}O{sub 3}. Power generation characteristics of fuel cells was greatly improved by using LSGMC for electrolyte and extremely large power density can be obtained on both H{sub 2}-O{sub 2} and H{sub 2}-air cells. In particular, the maximum power density attained was a value of 1.53 and 0.50 W/cm{sup 2} at 1,073 and 873 K, respectively, on H{sub 2}-O{sub 2} cell when the thickness of electrolyte was 0.18 mm. Furthermore, almost similar large power density was attained when airmore » was used as oxidant. The high power density of the cell demonstrated in this study suggests that the operating temperature of SOFC can be decreased by using LSGMC for electrolyte.« less


The present invention comprises administration of processed Morinda citrifolia-based formulations, cathepsin G, a method for cathepsin S, cathepsin B, cathepsin L, butyrylcholinesterase, directed peptidase HIV-1, and NF-kB enzyme Management and It relates to formulations.


Purpose: To evaluate the clinical results of arthroscopically assisted operation of the acromioclavicluar joint lesion with the rotator cuff lesion. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the clinical results in eighteen consecutive patients with osteoarthritis of the acromioclavicular joint and rotator cuff lesion, who were treated arthroscopically assisteded en bloc resection of the distal clavicle and arthroscopic acromioplasty. The average age of the patients at the time of operation was fifty six years. The average duration of follow-up was one year and ten months. The UCLA shoulder rating scale was used to evaluate the clinical results. Results: Pain score was improved from 2.1 1.1 preoperatively to 9.2 1.0 postoperatively. Function score was improved from 4.2 1.7 to 9.4 0.9, active forward flexion score, from 3.7 0.5 to 5 and strength score, from 4.0 0.9 to 4.9 0.2. On follow-up radiographic examination, there was no specific complication, including heterotopic ossification, remnant bony fragment of distal clavicle, and superior migration of the clavicle. Conclusion: It is considered that arthroscopically assisted en bloc resection of the distal clavicle and acromioplasty is recommendable method for symptomatic acromioclavicular joint lesion and rotator cuff lesion, which could get the satisfactory clinical results.


Learning content is one of important components for e-Learning. It is a bridge between instructors and learners. In order to facilitate production of the learning content an easy to use and powerful authoring system is indispensable. SCORM (shareable content object reference model) has been one of the most common e-learning standards for reuse of learning objects. This paper presents a Web-based, SCORM-compliant authoring system to support collaboration on development of a courseware involving more than one instructor. Through centralized coordination and management of learning objects, the system can maintain the consistency and integrity of the courseware. Since it is Web-based and the developed learning objects are centralized in a common repository, the system can facilitate the courseware development, and provide more flexibility and portability.


With the fast development of e-services and the necessity to use information provided by users and their operating environments, Context-Aware Service (CAS) has emerged as a new paradigm of software engineering to dynamically respond to every change in the status of the user's context. Context-aware Service can dynamically capture a range of information from its environment and this information represents a context, the application adapts its execution according to this context. An important challenge in ubiquitous computing is context modeling. Ontology based models presents a suitbale instrument for context modeling. In this paper, we provide an architecture for the development of context aware services for an e-learning system, we also present our context metamodel and how the use of ODM (Ontology Definition Metamodel) can be beneficial for ontology modeling.


Human placental lactogen (HPL) levels were studied in 44 hypertensive patients and 23 healthy pregnant woman. HPL levels were in normal ranges in healthy pregnant women, but low HPL levels found in the hypertensive patients. HPL levels were related with severity of the disease in patients with gestational hypertension. We suggest that HPL levels may be used as an index of placental function but no foetal health in the patients with gestational hypertension .


BRADNER, S. Korea: experiment and instability. JQ, 8,1961, 412-420. HOYT, E. C. The United States reaction to the Korean attack: a study of the principles of the United Nations Charter as a factor in American policy-making. AJlLaw, 55, 1961, 45-76. LANGE, WILLIAM. Das Pak-Regime in Siidkorea. Aussenpolitik, 12,1961, 638-645. SCALAPINO, ROBERT A. and CHONG-SIK LEE. The origins of the Korean Communist Movement (II). [Cont. from pp. 9-31.] JAS, 20, 1961, 149-167. UHLIG, H. Probleme der Wiedervereinigung Koreas. [North Korea could give technical and economic aid to the South.] DAP, 6, 1961, 544-553. You, CHAN-YANG. Narrowing the gap. AAAPSS, 324, 1959, 49-55.


The σE regulon has been shown to perform a novel function that causes dead-cell lysis specific to the early stationary phase [Nitta et al., 2000] in addition to its well-known role in the extracytoplasmic stress response in Escherichia coli. Here, the effect of σS as a general stress-responsive sigma factor on σE-directed cell lysis was investigated. The lysis phenomena were observed in both rpoS mutant and parental strains constitutively expressing active σE, but the former lysis occurred at a relatively early stage compared to the latter. Based on these results and experiments with hydrogen peroxide, we propose that some stresses generate living but non-culturable cells, which are subject to σE-directed cell lysis.


A Master of Science thesis in Mechatronics Engineering by Hassan Abdul-Rahman Umari entitled, "Multi-Robot Map Exploration Based on Multiple Rapidly-Exploring Randomized Trees," submitted in May 2017. Thesis advisor is Dr. Shayok Mukhopadhyay. Soft and hard copy available.


With human's entering the information age, the widespread applications of computers and net communicative technology bring not only opportunities but also challenges to the continuous education. Therefore, this essay probes into how to seize the opportunities as well as meet the challenges for the continuous education departments so as to work out appropriate countermeasures.


The IEEE has recently started to develop a standard for the wireless body area network (WBAN). Providing high mobility with guaranteed QoS over the u-healthcare network which are built from the converged WBAN and WLAN systems is a challenging task. This article proposes a context-aware mobility management framework which can support high mobility in the converged WBAN and WLAN networks. The salient feature of the approach is that in order to support seamless mobility management, the context information on the communication environment, the type of service, and the medical emergency has been utilized, while minimizing the power consumption. The service model and algorithms for the context-aware mobility management have been developed in detail. Simulations have finally been performed to show the efficiency of the proposed mechanism.


Pseudomonofilament composite sutures were obtained based on braided and spun synthetic threads of Lavsan and Capron coated with a natural biocompatible polymer chitosan. The chitosan coating leads to monolithization of the composite thread. The pseudomonofilament threads, base threads, and a commercial PP monofilament suture of the Prolen type (Ethicon) are compared using the results of histological investigations.


Fertilization in flowering plants is completed through several recognitionevents, and the first of which is the recognition of pollen by pistil of female reproductivetissue. Self-incompatibility (SI) is an intraspecific reproductive barrier to prevent selfferitilization and widely distributed in flowering plants. In many species, SI shows simplegenetics and is controlled by a single multi-allelic locus, called the S locus. In gametophyticSI (GSI) exemplified by the Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Rosaceae, a class ofribonucleases, called S RNases, have been shown to mediate the stylar expression of SI butnot the pollen expression of SI. The latter appears to be determined by a gene differentfrom those encoding S RNases, often referred to as pollen S gene. The pollen S gene is thecrucial missing part in understanding the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of self andnon-self pollen recognition in flowering plants. Recent genetic analysis of mutationsaffecting the pollen expression of SI has suggested a possible model of how the pollen S geneinteracts with S RNases to achieve self and non-self pollen recognition. Furthermore, wewill present two approaches, S-locus directed transposon tagging and map-based cloning, forcloning the pollen S in Antirrhinum.


The design of a mechanically stable, thermal shock resistant, and vacuum‐sealed multihole SQUID sensor is described in detail. The relevant technological process involving diffusion welding is outlined.


Depletion of economically mineable mineral deposits in the industrialized nations is resulting in a greater proportion of minerals being mined in the less developed countries (LDC's). This trend will be greater in the future, which means that there are likely to be more mineral agreements for exploration, production, and marketing between multinational mining companies and LDC governments, who, typically want to participate in some manner in major mineral projects. Lack of understanding each other's objectives and requirements in mineral agreements causes unnecessary conflict on a range of issues, some of which are discussed. The more difficult issues relate to money matters and guarantees, which can usually be defined and discussed, even if they cannot always be solved to everyone's satisfaction. Perceptions about political stability and the LDC government's attitude towards foreign investment and business operations perhaps have an even greater influence on the investment decision than do the quantifiable issues, but are much more difficult to deal with. 1 figure.


An alpha counter with meter readout is described. The cost ,of the counter including an air.proportional detector and recharge,-able batteries is less than $65.00.


We developed an improved cytological protocol for producing high quality, light microscope images of plant meiotic chromosomes. Because the technique works on species with small genomes and thick microsporocyte cell walls, it should be useful for studying the wild relatives of Arabidopsis and other eudicots with small genomes. Combining this improved fixation protocol with our new analysis of associated substages in floral buds, we can unambiguously assign individual meiotic cells to particular substages of prophase I in Arabidopsis thaliana, even for difficult distinctions such as that between late zygotene or early diplotene. In this report we provide the first estimate of the individual duration of the zygotene and pachytene substages (4.8 h and 10.0 h, respectively) in A. thaliana. We also have examined the diffuse substage of prophase I and report that during this post-pachytene substage, nuclei retain the association of homologous nucleolus organizer regions and homologous centromeres, despite the generally diffuse chromatin and generally unpaired chromosome regions. Additionally, we have observed that centromeric regions of the chromosomes of diffuse-stage nuclei are highly condensed, more so than those of any other substage of prophase I.


Caffeine is a natural alkaloid used as a key ingredient in craft and industrially produced beverages. The caffeine concentration in water bodies worldwide is increasing to the point of being classified as an emerging contaminant with potentially harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems. Given the importance of both, coffee and carbon production in Colombia, activated carbons prepared from local mineral coals have been considered a cost-effective alternative for the treatment of wastewater from coffee plantations. In this study, activated carbons from the Colombian regions of Cundinamarca and Santander were evaluated as matrices for caffeine adsorption in an aqueous solution. The prepared activated carbons were characterized and subjected to adsorption tests and kinetic studies. The caffeine concentration (adsorbate) and the activated carbon (adsorbent) to liquid ratio were considered as the experimental factors in the evaluation of removal capacity. The results showed that the mineral coal from the Cundinamarca region has better physicochemical (low ash and volatile matter contents and high iodine number) and better adsorption capacity, reaching specific caffeine retention of 882.1 mg/g. The adsorption process corresponds with Freundlich's adsorption model suggesting heterogeneous adsorption, while pseudo-second-order kinetics indicated the dominance of a chemical adsorption mechanism.


Soil erosion is one of most serious environmental andproduction problems on the Loess Plateau in China. The objectivesof this study were to quantify the influence of forest vegetation onsoil erosion on slope areas in the Loess Plateau. This was made byusing the subfactor method to calculate the vegetation cover managementfactor (C) of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE).Proper local subfactor parameter values were obtained to offer atheoretical basis and practical guidance for studying the relationshipbetween vegetation and soil erosion on the Loess Plateau. Three subfactorsincluding prior land use (PLU), canopy cover (CC), surfacecover (SC), surface Roughness (SR), soil moisture (SM), and covermanagementfactor (C) were observed at three plant growth stages:initial, blooming and end of growing season. All observations andmeasurements were made on 13 runoff plots in the Caijiachuan Watershed.The annual runoff sediment volume, and the subfactor andindirect methods were adopted separately to calculate the vegetationcover and management factor C of each stand, and then carry outcomparative tests and comprehensive analyses. The results showedthat the cover-management factor (C) calculated by the subfactorand indirect methods were in good agreement. The order reflectedwas forest SC>SR>SM>CC. This indicatedthat plant roots, soil organisms in the surface soil layers andsurface cover had a larger impact on soil loss fate than the other subfactors.Stand density was negatively correlated with vegetation coverand management factor C, suggesting that only stand density influencedsoil erosion. The stand density of Robinia pseudoacacia rangedfrom 1200 to 2204 stems/ha. Management factor C ranged from0.020 to 0.037. The subfactor method could be adopted to monitor the amount of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau, with the parametersbeing Cb=0.951, Cur=0.004513kg/(ha.cm), Cus=0.001887kg/(ha.cm), Cuf=0.5, b=0.025. The vegetation cover and management factorC of different stands in the Loess Plateau varied between 0.009 and0.062.


Rominger, Dale H., M.A., Spring 1979 Anthropology High Altitude Aboriginal Occupation of Southwestern Montana a99 pp.) Director: Dee C. Taylor It is generally accepted that archaeological phenomena reflects purposeful cultural behavior. The prehistoric site is, however, oftentimes difficult to interpret. This thesis serves two pur poses: one, to demonstrate a methodology combining the analysis of inter-site and intra-site data and ethnographic data to deduce cultural behavior, and two, to use this methodology to interpret high altitude archaeology in Southwestern Montana. The sites were located while conducting archaeological survey for the Bea verhead National Forest during the field seasons of 1976 and 1977. It was determined that high altitude sites were specific-purpose seasonal-usage sites, and sites labelled "lithic scatterings" are evidence of individual high altitude hunting activities.


Objective To investigate the expressions of β1, 3-N-acetyl glucosaminyl transfrases (Fringe) (RFNG, LFNC and MFNG) in lung tissues and lung T cells isolated from asthmatic mice, and to explore the role of Fringe in pathogenesis of asthma. Methods Asthmatic BALB/c mouse model was established by inhalation of ovalbumin after intraperitoneal injection. Meanwhile, the control groups were established by normal saline. Lung tissues were sampled after 24 hours since the last stimulation. T cells were isolated from the lung tissues using percol and NylonFiber. The mRNA expressions of three kinds of Fringe in the lung tissues and lung T cells were examined by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). The protein expressions of Fringe in the lung tissues were detected by Western blot. Results The mRNA expressions of RFNG, LFNG and MFNG were detectable in the lung tissues and lung T cells. The mRNA expressions of RFNG increased in the asthmatic group compared with the control group (lung tissues: 0.92 ± 0.35 vs 0.51 ± 0.13, P<0.01; lung T cells: 0.33 ± 0.06 vs 0.18 ± 0.07, P<0.0l). LFNG mRNA had lower expression level in the asthmatic group (lung tissue: 0.77 ± 0. 32 vs 1.61 ± 0.31, P<0.01; lung T cells: 0.49 ± 0.19 vs 0.71 ± 0.03, P<0.01). No difference on the mRNA expression of MFNG was found in the lung tissues (1.44 ± 0.29 vs 1.70 ± 0.44, P>0.05). MFNG mRNA expression decreased in the asthmatic group compared with the control group in the T cells (1.17 ± 0.04 vs 0.68 ± 0.07, P<0.05). The results of western blot were consistent with RT-PCR results of the lung tissues. The expressions of RFNG increased in the asthmatic group (1.17 ± 0.04 vs 0.68 ± 0.07, P<0.05). The expression of MFNG has no difference between two groups (8.10 ± 0.60 vs 9.12 ± 0.07, P>0.05). LFNG had a lower expression in the asthmatic group (4.11 ± 0.38 vs 6.41 ± 0.11, P<0.05). Conclusion The abnormal expressions of three kinds of Fringe may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.


With custom farming gaining more popularity, especially among younger farmers, the insurance coverages and limitations associated with custom farming need to be recognized by all farmers and those with vested interests in agricultural insurance. This Article is intended to fill a gap in the literature relating to insurance coverage and custom farming and provides a comprehensive examination of several key issues relating to insurance and custom farming which have been litigated.


The conventional voltage-oriented control strategy for Active Front Ends (AFE) is being modified by using an adaptive outer loop control in this paper. The control strategy suggested aims to provide a constant and steady DC link voltage with minimal ripple to the load in both motoring as well as regenerating modes. The adaptive PI controller as name suggests has proportional and integral gains which adjust themselves depending upon the error between reference voltage and DC link voltage and attempts to achieve a better control in overall loading conditions. Furthermore, unity power factor operation along with better transient response, and grid current THD's within standard specified limits in all quadrants of operation are essential requirements for AFE's which help in testing the effectiveness of the strategy. Additionally, comparison of the technique with well-established technique like symmetrical optimum method is been provided in the paper. The simulation and experimental results conducted on 60 kW back to back converter system used for driving a load-controlled induction motor is being presented in this paper which validate the proposed control strategy.


Excessive emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases causing global warming is a threat to human survival and development.On the connotation of international carbon trading and economics analysis theory,in-depth understanding,research on theoretical basis and practical experience of international carbon trading has a very real effect and significance.


The invention provides a method for finding a landing page from a phishing web page. The method comprises the followings: firstly, keywords are extracted from web page text and web graphics, so as to form the lexical signature of the phishing web page, then searching for the lexical signature is performed on a plurality of search engines, the front K most relevant web pages are found out by synthesizing the results of those search engines, the K web pages and the phishing web pages are kept in a picture form, an image perception hash sequence is extracted, finally, the Hamming distances between the K web graphics and the phishing web graphics can be respectively calculated, and one or more lawful web pages simulated by the phishing web page can be selected according to the sizes of the distances.


FIELD: biochemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to biochemistry, particularly to an anti-TNF(tumour necrosis factor)-α antibody or anti-TNF-α-binding fragment antibody. Also disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition for treating pathologies and diseases associated with TNF-α, containing a therapeutically effective amount of said antibody or fragment thereof. EFFECT: invention provides effective treatment of TNF-α-mediated disease. 15 cl, 6 dwg, 25 tbl, 2 ex


Energy consumption in buildings represents about one-third of the world-wide energy consumption. Consumers often are not fully aware of energy-conserving measures they could take. Intelligent control of the heating and lighting systems in buildings is one way to increase energy-efficiency. Children and young adults influence domestic energy consumption, by using appliances such as TV and lighting. Often, they are not aware of the costs incurred. The goal of this research is to develop a educational platform for energy efficiency education aimed towards the full age range of K-12 education. A scaled model of a house is used, to explain the energy flows in the residential setting, well-known by the target audience. A model house is designed, with actual loads, using an Arduino Uno electronics platform as an interface to a PC. A reference program in the integrated development environment S4A allows visualizing the energy consumption in a simple manner. The children control a number of scaled household appliances interactively. A survey with the first 25 children (aged 10-12) suggests higher awareness of energy consumption.


SIR,-I should like to make comment on certain points in Mr. Hamilton Bailey's article (March 27, p. 594). In that article he emphasizes the importance of early detection of phlebothrombosis-importance which cannot be overstressed. He then proceeds to remark that the goal of prevention of phlebothrombosis cannot be reached at the present time save in a few clinics with special facilities. While perfection is a goal which is never reached in human circles, there can be no justification for the underlying suggestion that something very close to prevention of phlebothrombosis cannot be reached. I base my reasons for this statement on our observations in a Department of Health for Scotland Hospital at Ballochmyle, Ayrshire.


A CYNIC with the gift of paradox might expatiate entertainingly on the folly of centenary observations of poets' deaths. Let us thus observe, he might say, the anniversaries of great battles, discoveries, or revolutions— material and specific landmarks of human progress— but why devote particular days or years to the praise of those who truly are not of an age but for all time ? and why memorialize that which is least memorable about them—


Abstract Southern Vietnam, covering an area of 17,000,000 hectares, can be devided into the Annam Coast area, Central Highland and Mekong delta area. The Central Highland is situated on the western side of the Annam Mountains and consists of Kontum and Darlac Highlands. The area is 4,554,200 hectares, extending 200 kilometers from south to north and 100 kilometers from east to west. The elevation of this area is 500 to 600 meters above mean sea level. On the western sicle of the Highland is the border line between VietNam and Cambodia. A jungle stretches from here to the westward to the Mekong.


The purpose of this study was to compare values of Local Diagnostic Reference Levels (LDRLs) of CT examination protocols used in UH Rijeka with European Commission (EC) Diagnostic Reference Dose Levels (DRLs) and to estimate patient effective dose per type of examination. The dosimetric quantities proposed for DRLs in the European Guidelines (EG) for CT are weighted computed tomography dose index (CTDIw) for a single slice and DLP for a complete examination. Patient's data (weight, height) as well as technical parameters for each type of examination were collected on Siemens Sensation 16 CT scanner installed at Radiology Department, UH Rijeka. Examinations were categorized according to anatomy: brain, chest, abdomen and pelvis. Computed tomography dose index (CTDI) measurements were performed in CTDI phantom to assure readings accuracy. Both values, CTDIw and DLP, for all four examinations were within proposed values given by European Commission. Also, estimations of effective dose to the average patient for every type of CT examination were made. Results confirmed that UH Rijeka meets EC DRLs for all examinations.


Soil proteases are involved in the transformation of organic matter and thus influence the nutrient turnover in the ecosystem. Phytohormones, similarly to proteases, are synthesized and secreted into the soil by fungi and microorganisms and regulating their activity in the rhizosphere. The aim of our work was to find out how the presence of auxins, cytokinins, ethephone and chlorocholine chloride affects the activity of native soil proteases at the spruce tree stand. Auxins stimulated the native proteolytic activity in the spruce tree stand. Synthetic auxins most stimulated the activity of 2-naphthoxyacetic acid and the naturally occurring auxins of indole-3-acetic acid in the organic horizon of the spruce forest. Cytokinins, ethephone and chlorocholine chloride inhibited the activity of native soil proteases in the spruce tree stand. The highest inhibitory effect was found in ethephone and chlorocholine chloride. Overall, the negative effect of phytohormones on the activity of the native proteolytic activity may slow down the decomposition of organic matter and thus make plant nutrition more difficult. The outcomes of our work assist with understanding of the effect of substances produced by the rhizosphere on the activity of soil microorganisms and the soil nitrogen cycle.


Mirage proposes an effective non body contact technique to infer the amount and type of body motion, gesture, and activity. This approach involves passive measurement of static electric field of the environment flowing through sense electrode. This sensing method leverages electric field distortion by the presence of an intruder (e.g. human body). Mirage sensor has simple analog circuitry and supports ultra-low power operation. It requires no instrumentation to the user, and can be configured as environmental, mobile, and peripheral-attached sensor. We report on a series of experiments with 10 participants showing robust activity and gesture recognition, as well as promising results for robust location classification and multiple user differentiation. To further illustrate the utility of our approach, we demonstrate real-time interactive applications including activity monitoring, and two games which allow the users to interact with a computer using body motion and gestures.


The number of deaths from child traffic accidents in Korea is currently higher than the average figure of OECD members, and attention needs to be paid to reduce the school zone accident rate. According to the TAAS statistics of the Traffic Accident Analysis System, the number of deaths from traffic accidents in children (under 12 years of age) in Korea has been steadily decreasing recently, but the number of accidents and injuries has been continuously increasing and decreasing. With the number of accidents and injuries of children in Korea continuing to increase and decrease, the number of traffic accidents, deaths, and injuries of children in the school zone (under 12 years of age) has also been on the rise since 2019. Therefore, we were different from the preceding study (Study on Improvement through School Zone Accident Risk Survey, Study on Improvement of Children's Traffic Safety Facilities through Simulation Program). In order to prevent traffic accidents among school zones, which have the highest accident rate among children, a survey was conducted on traffic safety facilities and safety awareness of drivers. After that, we will analyze the problems and present measures for improving traffic safety in the school zone and improving drivers' safety awareness.


Adverse effects of noise from high-speed railway have become more and more serious and widespread with the rapid development of high-speed rail in China. A social survey on community response to high-speed railway noise was carried out in Tianjin, China from March to July, 2018 along the Beijing-Tianjin intercity high-speed rail line and Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail line. 674 residents were interviewed by questionnaires to explore their noise annoyance, activity interference caused by high-speed railway noise, sensitivity to noise, and satisfaction with living environment. The exposure of high-speed railway noise was measured for 24h at each site, and standardized questions and scales suggested by ICBEN Team 6 were used in the social survey. As a result, the dose-response relationship curve for high-speed railway noise of Chinese residents was established, and it showed that with the increasing of noise level (Ldn), annoyance increased exponentially. Compared with Japanese and French people, Chinese residents showed more annoyed to high-speed railway noise. It also suggested background noise had important impact on noise annoyance evaluation to high-speed railway. Furthermore, annoyance caused by high-speed railway noise was also greatly influenced by subjective characteristics such as noise sensitivity, satisfaction of living environment and attitudes towards high-speed rail.


The ovarian steroid hormone estradiol and its metabolite estrone were examined in 45 normal women and 127 premenopausal women with precancerous cervical lesions. Interviews ,colposcopy and cervical scrapings were performed. The mean ± SD values for estradiol and estrone were 0.07 ± 0.08 ng/ml and 0.06 ± 0.02 ng/ml ,respectively in normal subjects. Corresponding data in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia alone or in association with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection were 0.074 ± 0.03 ng/ml and 0.076 ± 0.03 ng/ml or 0.080 ± 0.03 ng/ml and 0.148 ± 0.02 ng/ml ,respectively ,which revealed a significantly greater extent of estrogenic action in the latter population (p < 0.05). We considered that the presence of HPV infection probably increased 16α-hydroxylation of estradiol ,providing a possible link between the viral and hormonal elements ,possibly having a bearing on the etiology of the disease.


At least one diene elastomer, a reinforcing filler, a crosslinking system and an antioxidant system based, the antioxidant system comprises a at least two antioxidants "A" and "B" below, A / rubber composition weight ratio of B is characterized in that 0.2 to 5.0: A. corresponding to formula (I) below N- alkyl -N'- phenyl - p - phenylenediamine: (I) B. corresponding to formula (II) below 4,4'-bis (alkylamino) triphenylamine: (Wherein, R Such antioxidant system may provide good long-term resistance to fatigue and crack propagation in the compositions of the present invention.


The crowdsourcing paradigm (i.e., people while moving provide data from different places) can play a fundamental role in transforming users in significant actors in society. In the last years, several crowdsourcing services have been developed to allow citizens to collaborate collecting data about urban accessibility, but focusing mainly on physical disabilities. The project Personalized Interactive Urban Maps for Autism (PIUMA) aims to help people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) move and live within cities by means of a crowdsourced personalized map. The map is populated with comments and reviews by people with ASD and caregivers, in order to highlight places, routes, and activities (e.g. less crowded routes, quiet places, ways to socially behave in different places) for making ASD people's daily lives more comfortable. Keywords— Crowdmapping, Inclusive Smart City, Autism


Ideas in American Policing is a medium for the Police Foundation to communicate innovations and thoughts about policing to a large audience. Leading criminologists share their ideas and insights on how we may improve the important social function we call policing. The lectures in this series began in 1997 with David Bayley's "Policing in America: Assessment and Prospects." He was followed by noted scholars Lawrence Sherman, "Evidence-Based Policing"; Stephen Mastrofski, "Policing For People"; Jerome Skolnick, "On Democratic Policing"; and Mark Moore, "Recognizing and Realizing Public Value in Policing: The Challenge of Measuring Police Performance." Donald Foster is not a police scholar. He is an English professor who studies written language and communication. But both crime and policing are interactive processes and it should be no surprise that Professor Foster's discipline can assist police in the criminal investigative process. One of the most intriguing aspects of criminology is its multidisciplinary nature. Ideas in American Policing is a forum of diverse topics, from theoretical to practical, from general to specific, for an audience that includes academics, practitioners, policymakers, and the general public—anyone who is interested in or affected by policing. When Donald Foster speaks of all the clues a single letter can provide—postmarks, addresses, fingerprints, handwriting, typewriter evidence, DNA from stamps and envelope seals, and the very communication itself—he illustrates the range of information types innovative techniques can extract. In doing Ideas in American Policing presents commentary and insight from leading criminologists on issues of interest to scholars, practitioners, and policymakers. The papers published in this series are from the Police Foundation lecture series of the same name. Points of view in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Police Foundation. © 2001 Police Foundation and Donald W. Foster. All rights reserved.


This article aims to analyse how formulations, politeness, and facework are employed by speakers to achieve specific purposes in courtroom interaction. The theoretical framework is based on the concepts of conversation analysis and forensic linguistics, and the corpus consists of the trial of Jodi Ann Arias, which received widespread media attention in the United States. The excerpts under analysis were taken from the final day of the prosecutor's cross-examination and from a reporter's transcript of proceedings, both available on the Internet. It is important to highlight that these devices contribute to construct, enhance, threaten, or weaken people's image involved in this kind of context.


The future of grassland resource development and management is dependent upon increased scientific capability and methods.The grassland ecology,remote sensing technology and yield formative reasons in four grassland types of northern Tianshan were discussed to increase uses of grassland data and 3S(RS_GIS_GPS) systems in the paper.First,using the green herbage yields and ecological data,observed in four types in northern Tianshan,Xinjiang from 1976 to 1998,the yield formation,variation period and ecological effects were analyzed in different grassland types by three biological spectrum methods.The results showed that the formation and variation periodicity of grassland yields were made mostly by fluctuation of ecoclimatic factors, variation period was repeated by 4 years and the periods of yields were corresponded commonly by 1/4 period delay than those in climatic variation.And the ecological key factors to grassland yields were soil water content and precipitation factors among all the climatic factors in arid regions.Second, based on the grassland yield data observed in the ground and remote sensing data from spacecraft,grassland agricultural resources were monitored using RS,GIS and GPS in Fukang,Xinjiang in 1988~1998,which showed that the area of grasslands and forests in 1998 had decreased by 17.5% and 51%than those in 1988,but area of farmlands and desert in 1998 had increased by 57.8%and 21.2%compared with 1988.The estimated yield accuracy was over 75.8% with the methods.


The Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape, located in the middle Limpopo basin of northern South Africa (and extending into adjacent Botswana and Zimbabwe), has, since 2003, been placed on the prestigious World Heritage List. A management plan is in place, largely guided by South African heritage legislation and the various international charters for conservation and restoration of such world heritage settings. This presentation critically examines the heritage challenges and threats to Mapungubwe in the light of its newly acquired role in South African history. I argue that sound heritage management should take into account community concerns, as well as stakeholder involvement. The presentation shifts the management aspect towards some research institutions in South Africa, and discusses issues of restitution and repatriation of cultural objects taken from the landscape. In this context, the management of the cultural landscape is also about managing the process of change to take into account indigenous values. Evaluation missions conducted in preparation for the nomination of the landscape for world heritage listing overlooked this aspect, but can be fully integrated into the management plan.


Single neuronal activity was recorded in the inferior temporal cortex of rhesus monkeys during a visual discrimination and memory task. A small group of neurons responded to aspecific category of stimuli such as faces or hands. However, many neurons responded to several categories of stimuli. In other words, these neurons were not selective enough to be classified as 'gnostic' neurons. On the other hand, activity of these neurons was dependent on what monkeys recognized rather than what monkeys perceived.


Background: Professionalism is an important competence in medical practice, yet a complex area. We describe the landscape of published articles on teaching, learning and assessment of professionalism in medical schools. This study aims to review the temporal trend of literature published and cited on the subject, and includes frequently publishing authors, journals, and network analysis. The study further aims to present the themes of the most commonly cited articles. Methods: A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature was carried out to describe the current patterns of research in professionalism using the terms "professionalism" AND "medical education" OR "medical college" OR "medical school". The title and abstract of the selected documents were skimmed to include only relevant articles. 'Relevant' articles were defined as articles describing teaching, learning or assessment of professionalism in undergraduate medical curricula. Articles describing professionalism, but not directly related to teaching, learning and assessment were excluded. Results: Over the study period spanning from 1973 to 2020, a total of 1053 articles were identified as relevant. A surge in the number of publications was observed from the year 2000. Over 400 articles were published in 5 leading journals in medical education. Of the 50 top-cited papers, 18 (36%) articles explored opinions of stake holders through questionnaires and surveys about different aspects of professionalism, there were 13 (26%) 'Commentary' and 7 (14%) review articles. The primary objectives of more than 50% of the top-cited articles were assessment methods (14%), teaching by humiliation (14%), personal identity formation (8%), barriers to professionalism (8%), and teaching ethics (8%) and empathy (8%). Conclusions: We describe the landscape of published articles on teaching, learning and assessment of professionalism in undergraduate medical schools. The surge in publications since 2000, top publishing journals and frequently publishing authors were identified. Of the most cited articles, assessment methods, personal identity formation, and teaching empathy and ethics predominate as the main themes.


— The presence of shade trees in salak tree plantation is necessary as the plant was unable to defend the sunlight. The study was aimed to identify the diversity of shade trees and their influences on the microclimate and Gulapasir salak fruit production in agro-ecosystem in Karangasem (original planted area) and Tabanan (new area development). The research employed plot methods placed in purposive random sampling on high altitudes 450-750 m above sea level (asl) in Karangasem and Tabanan. weight of fruits. The differences of shading plant density and its influences on microclimate were analyzed using t-test, and the relationship between light interception and the number and weight of fruits was analyzed using regression analysis. The results showed that the density of shade trees and population of salak trees in Karangasem and Tabanan was different. The difference in light interception due to different plant densities in each zone in Tabanan and Karangasem only caused a decrease in air temperature significantly in the zone 650-750 m asl, so the number and weight of fruit produced was lower than the other two zones.


Methods are disclosed for mounting an undercounter sink provided with a flange by means of a removable metal collar, which is used: to precisely locate and position the sink beneath a laminated countertop: and to finish cut at the installation site the countertop aperture and the top impervious surface of the countertop to form a flush, watertight seal.


This essay studies the international background and domestic environment of informationization,starting from the current situation of the enterprises' informationization of China and analyzes the problems existing in enterprises.It also puts forward the countermeasures and the developing direction by quickening the paces of enterprise's reform,strengthening general education of information science technology knowledge,cultivating informationization talents of China,strengthening government's macro direction and support and enlarging the investment of enterprise's informationization.


Steel moment resisting frames are a popular structural option used in civil engineering infrastructure in seismic prone area throughout the world. The seismic excitation caused during earthquakes can still cause considerable damage and failure to the rigid steel structures but currently there are limited retrofitting options available to improve the structures seismic responses. This research is aimed at the numerical investigation on mitigation of the seismic effects of steel moment resisting frame structures by strengthening with normal and high modulus Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP). Initially validation of the of finite element analysis (FEA) numerical approach has performed by comparing the FEA results with available experimental study by Authors to confirm the accuracy regarding the seismic responses of bare and CFRP strengthened steel frames. Then the seismic responses of bare and CFRP strengthened five-story frames have been predicted by using the validated numerical technique. The predicted results confirmed the effectiveness of both normal and high modulus CFRP to enhance the seismic performance of the steel structure. The high modulus CFRP strengthened frame showed a better performance to mitigate the seismic effect by reducing 26% of the tip deflection compare to bare frame while for normal modulus CFRP strengthened frame that is 15%.


A semiparametric approach for forecasting streamflow at multiple gaging locations on a river network conditional on climate precursors is developed. The strategy considers statistical forecasts of annual or seasonal streamflow totals at each of the sites and their disaggregation to monthly or higher resolution flows using a k nearest neighbor resampling approach that maintains space‐time consistency across the sites and subperiods. An application of the approach to forecasting inflows at six reservoirs in the state of Ceara in northeastern Brazil is presented. The climate precursors used are the NINO3 index for the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and an equatorial Atlantic sea surface temperature index. Forecasts of January through December streamflow are made at three lead times: in January of the same year and in October and July of the preceding year. The skill of the ensemble forecasts generated is evaluated on subsets of the historical data not used for model building. Correlations with the equatorial Atlantic index and with NINO3 translate into useful streamflow forecasts for the next 18 months of reservoir operation and water management.


Structural optimization of laminated composite structures consisting of different fiber reinforced materials calls for parameterization methods like the Discrete Material Optimization (DMO) method. In these methods a number of candidate materials are proposed which could be different fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials oriented at given chosen angles, and the choice of material and fiber angle is then solved using gradient based optimization techniques where weight factors determine the distribution of the candidate materials over the layered design domain. Increasing penalization is typically introduced in order to push the continuous design variables to 0-1 values. The methods can be used for monolithic FRP laminates and for design of sandwich type structures where FRP materials are combined with soft materials like balsa wood or foam material. The authors have recently proposed the Discrete Material and Thickness Optimization (DMTO) method for simultaneously determining an optimum thickness variation and material distribution of a laminated composite structure. In this work a DMTO approach based on socalled casting constraints or filters known from traditional topology optimization with isotropic materials is presented. Continuous elementwise thickness design variables are used, and based upon a continuous approximation of a unit step function, the thickness filters are capable of projecting discrete 0/1 values to the underlying layerwise density variables which govern the presence of material in each layer through the thickness of the laminate. Combined with an inplane density filter, the method enables manufacturers to control the length scale of the geometry while obtaining near discrete designs. The DMTO approach using filters will be demonstrated for several optimization examples of laminated composite shell structures, taking different global and local structural criteria into account together with manufacturing constraints.


The present work reports the length–weight relationships (LWR) and condition factor and of Cirrhinus cirrhosus inhabiting in River Indus, Sindh-Pakistan. The Length-weight relationship is an important tool for fishery management. A total of 340 specimens (individual) of length–weight were measured. A maximum length of the groups was observed 20.7cm and minimum as 9.4cm. The maximum weight was recorded about 84gm and minimum as 6gm. The estimated values of length-weight relationship and condition factor were calculated by formula LeCren (1951), as Kn=0.547, and Fulton as K=0.724. Length-weight was found with a strong correlation of n= 3.101, C=0.0176 with r2=0.894. The results of this work would be beneficial for sustainable management as well as fishery managers.


The current study was carried out from October 15, 2021, to June 15, 2022, in the area of animal production at the Agricultural Technical College, Northern Technical University, Mosul, Iraq. 24 Awassi ewes between the ages of 2-3, were employed in the study and split into two groups. In the first group, 12 ewes had winter lambs in December–January and 12 ewes had spring lambs in March–April. This was required to determine how the season affected some productive and biochemical blood features. The milk yield and its components of Awassi sheep, and some biochemical characteristics, as well as the number of somatic cells in milk, the estrus of the ewes were standardized using vaginal sponges. The season had a noticeable effect on milk production, as ewes with spring births produced significantly more milk in the second, fourth, eighth, and tenth weeks after birth. In the eighth and tenth week of the experiment, non-fat solids were consumed. Except for the fourth week of the trial, the number of somatic cells in the milk of spring-born ewes increased significantly (P0.05) in all other weeks of the study. The proportions of fat, protein, and solid non-fat percentages increased significantly. In addition to an increase in the number of somatic cells increased significantly and the incidence of mastitis in the milk of ewes with spring births.


Abstract Mepanipyrim, N -(4-methyl-6-prop-1-ynylpyrimidin-2-yl) aniline, strongly affected the infection process of Botrytis cinerea , a causative fungus of gray mold diseases. Mepanipyrim did not inhibit the activity of host-cell wall degrading enzymes (cutinase, pectinase, cellulase) of B. cinerea , which play an important role in the infection process. However, it prevented the secretion of these enzymes, leading to their intracellular accumulation. Secretory repression of host-cell wall degrading enzymes is assumed to cause depression of infectious activity and it is suggested to be an important mechanism in mepanipyrim disease control. Mepanipyrim also prevented the secretion of lipase, protease, and invertase of B. cinerea . The results suggest that mepanipyrim affects the intracellular transport process of secretory proteins.


Medical care in the United States is organized around a large number of agencies both governmental and non- governmental, with insufficient co-ordination among them and no effective machinery for over-all planning. There are short ages and maldistribution of both personnel and facilities. The rise in specialization has resulted in continued decline in the number and status of the family physician. Organized group practice, which may offer one possible answer to the fragmenta tion and depersonalization of medical care, has increased, but not to the extent of making a significant impact on the prevail ing solo, fee-for-service pattern of medical practice. Hospitals face especially acute problems in the form of rapidly increasing costs and shortages of staff. Facilities for the care of the chronically ill and aged are insufficient in number and the care they offer is often far from adequate. Some trends that may presage a more rational organization of medical services are the concentration of community medical resources in and around voluntary hospitals; the differentiation of care within hospitals to fit patient needs more closely; the development of hospital-based services for ambulatory and homebound pa tients ; and increasing consideration to the establishment of closer relationships among hospitals, nursing homes, and other facilities serving a given region.


Background: Sinomenine (SIN) plays a role in regulating intestinal immune inflammation, but its effect on the intestinal immune response is unclear. Objective: To investigate the potential mechanism of SIN in protecting intestinal immunity. Materials and Methods: The mechanism by which SIN regulates intestinal immunity was detected in RAW264.7 cells using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. Results: Compared with the control group, the LPS group has higher cell viability and inflammatory cytokines (interleukine-1beta [IL-1β], tumor necrosis factor α[TNF-α], IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-23), chemokine, and metalloproteinase levels. SIN significantly suppressed these increases. By contrast, aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and IL-10 levels were lower in the LPS group compared with the control group, and SIN treatment prevented increased these levels. Conclusion: SIN can activate the innate immune function of the intestinal tract by affecting the IL-23/IL-17 axis through the AhR.


The use of conditional probabilities has gained in popularity in various fields such as medicine, finance, and imaging processing. This has occurred especially with the availability of large datasets that allow us to extract the full potential of the available estimation algorithms. Nevertheless, such a large volume of data is often accompanied by a significant need for computational capacity as well as a consequent compilation time. In this article, we propose a low-cost estimation method: we first demonstrate analytically the convergence of our method to the desired probability and then we perform a simulation to support our point.


In free-space optical (FSO) communication, high-precision pointing is a critical technology required for rapid acquisition to reduce link establishment time and increase communication time. FSO communication on a motion platform is necessary to expand the communication area and to promote the establishment of a global communication network. However, the pointing accuracy of an optical communication terminal on a motion platform is low due to numerous error sources and error coupling. This paper evaluates the error sources and proposes a pointing model to avoid problems resulting from error coupling. This proposed pointing model was designed to improve the pointing accuracy of a gimbals-type optical communication terminal (GOCT) on a motion platform. The effectiveness of the proposed pointing model was verified by tracking star experiments. The modified residual error of the proposed point model was 94.8 μrad compared to 1324.2 μrad without correction. Additionally, the modified residual error was 94.8 μrad of the proposed pointing model compared to 140.2 μrad of the existing model. The actual open-loop pointing error was reduced from 150.4 μrad of the existing model to 101.3 μrad of the proposed model. Thus, the pointing accuracy of a GOCT on a motion platform was significantly improved after correction by the proposed pointing model.


The techniques of microtomography (Micro-CT), confocal laser scanner microscopy (CLSM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), nanoindentation – Vickers hardness (Nano-VH) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) are undeniably important to the modern study of bovine podiatry. These techniques are also employed in engineering, physics and in the assessment of biomaterials used in reconstructive or experimental surgeries in bovine and bubaline claws. Although studies involving these analyses are still inconspicuous in veterinary medicine, these technologies represent a new paradigm in this area, enabling the development of new lines of research. The objective of this review is to gather information about the microstructural aspects of bovine and bubaline claws, concerning the intratubular and extratubular keratin, which is responsible for the physical and mechanical structure of the claw capsule. This study elucidates different methods used to evaluate the hooves of healthy and sick animals through a micrometric analysis and nano-scale analyses. We would like to emphasise that the described techniques can be applied to study other species.


The growth and survival of Walker 256 rat tumor grafted direct from rat into mouse thigh was compared with that of the same tumor after long continued residence in mouse brain, and also with that of tumors cultivated for a prolonged period in vitro. It was found that the pattern of growth and regression with tumor grown for 8 months in tissue culture was identical with that produced with tumor direct from rats. Tumor previously grown for 30 generations in mouse brain showed poorer growth and earlier regression. Since both prolonged growth in vitro and serial passage in mouse brain should have removed all the original rat stroma, it is concluded that loss of foreign stroma does not appreciably affect heterologous transplantation. Similarly, prolonged growth of this tumor in a foreign species under the conditions outlined apparently fails to produce any selective adaptation of the tumor to the host.


This paper analyses the dynamic nexus between energy consumption, economic growth and environmental quality in Burkina Faso using time series data over the period 1980 to 2019. The results of the long-run estimates through the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Canonical Cointegration Regression (CCR) methods show that the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is not verified and that energy consumption negatively affects environmental quality. However, energy consumption has a positive effect on economic growth and economic growth also stimulates energy consumption. The results of the Granger vector error correction causality test indicate bidirectional causal relationships between energy consumption, economic growth and environmental quality. In terms of implications, these results suggest the need to strengthen energy policies to increase energy consumption and improve economic growth. However, it is important that these policies aim to change the structure of the energy mix in favour of less polluting energies. Renewable energy should therefore be encouraged through investments or subsidies in the sector in order to preserve the environment and promote sustainable economic growth.


This work presents results regarding the influence of real-environment rain conditions on the performances of an antenna. Detailed analysis on the impact of possible water film thickness and air's relative humidity were performed with the help of CST software.


PURPOSE: A computer security system using a security input device driver is provided to protect inputted data by obtaining/encoding the inputted data in an operating system, transmitting the inputted data to an application program, and decoding the inputted data. CONSTITUTION: An input device controller(102) is connected to an interrupt controller(103) in a computer system(114) for transmitting a signal when an input device(101) inputs data. If the interrupt controller(103) receives a signal, an input device list is classified and a hardware interrupt is generated to a CPU(104). If a key in a keyboard is pressed, an IRQ1 signal is generated to the interrupt controller(103). The interrupt controller(103) generates a hardware interrupt. The CPU(104) stops an execution of an operated command and executes a security interrupt service routine(110) through an interrupt table(105) of a device which generated the hardware interrupt. The security interrupt service routine(110) reads data of the input device(101), analyzes data, and encodes the data. The security interrupt service routine(110) is executed firstly when an interrupt is generated in the input device(101). A security input device driver(111) encodes inputted data and transmits the encoded data to a security module(112) included in an application program(113). The security module(112) includes a transmission unit for decoding the received data and transmits the data to the application program(113).


Effects of different foods on the development,reproduction and hypopus induction of bulb mite of Rhizoglyphus echinopus were tested on the condition of(25±1) ℃,(95±5)%RH and 24 hours dark photoperiod.The results showed that R.echinopus feeding on potato,potato starch and fish powder could complete its life cycle,but those feeding on filter paper failed.The foods couldn′t affect the induction of bulb mite at the proper experimental condition.


Since mid-2009 the world has been experiencing a feeble economic recovery that has been halted by an increase in oil prices which have negatively affected the recovery. History has taught us that the world has developed thanks to major industrial revolutions which have foster economic growth. The first industrial revolution took place in the 19th century when engineers started using refined coal which helped the first step of industrialization. The second major economic revolution came in the 20th century when the world moved forward due to the development of the petroleum industry with fuel oil and gasoline as a source of energy. The world's industrial performance and economic growth in the 21st century is still stuck on fuel oil and gasoline a limited resource which has become a source of political and economic instability.


A two‐scale parameter identification approach is investigated. The microscopic material parameters of a two‐scale model are identified by comparing macroscopic simulation data with macroscopic full‐field measurements of the micro‐structured specimen. Gradient‐based solution strategies are employed for the optimization problem of the two‐scale parameter identification. In particular, two approaches for the gradient calculation are investigated: the finite difference method is compared with a newly introduced semi‐analytical scheme. The focus lies on the identification of microscopic elastoplastic material parameters. The presented identification example with artificial data confirms a reduced computational effort and advantageous convergence for the semi‐analytical approach within the two‐scale parameter identification. A drawback is the increase in memory requirement. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


As the city is developed, Sewerage outlet is installed for the discharge of rainfall special at new town or modified the existed sewerage network. But the sewerage outlet is influenced to the cannel flow. In this paper, for analyzing variation of flow pro


Adventist ethics is an evolving field that, thus far, has lacked comprehensive theoretical grounding. Publications in this academic area fall into six major categories that reflect the importance of the Bible, denominational tradition, and cultural contexts; however, meta-ethics of an Adventist kind is yet to be developed. Therefore, this article proposes a paradigm building on the emphases of the extant body of literature, and calls this paradigm missional ethics. This approach is consistent with the essential aspects of Adventist theological tradition, is already exemplified in several significant publications, and encompasses themes of moral concern that are prevalent in the denomination's Fundamental Beliefs. 1. Adventist Ethics? Two very different books from the area of moral theory will be the point of departure in this paper.1 Both force the reader to look at Christian ethics in a new manner. The books are entitled Strange Virtues: Ethics in a Multicultural World (Adeney 1995) and Virtuous Violence (Fiske and Rai 2014). The main thesis of the latter (a recent work written by two psychologists) is that most violence does not happen because of some pathological impetus or lack of morality in an agent but precisely because of moral convictions that necessitate, in certain instances, the use of violent means for those to whom certain virtues 1 A previous version of this paper was presented on April 5, 2019 in the context of the procedures leading towards the appointment as professor of Systematic Theology and Adventist Studies at Theologische Hochschule Friedensau. Thanks to an anonymous reviewer for pointing me to Rudi Maier's book Church and Society (see footnotes 25 and 52) and suggesting a few improvements to