Introduction: Carbohydrate (CHO) and
fat are the main substrates to fuel prolonged endurance exercise,
each having its oxidation patterns regulated by several factors
such as intensity, duration and mode of the activity, dietary
intake pattern, muscle glycogen concentrations, gender and training
status. Exercising at intensities where fat oxidation rates are
high has been shown to induce metabolic benefits in recreational
and health-oriented sportsmen. The exercise intensity (Fatpeak)
eliciting peak fat oxidation rates is therefore of particular
interest when aiming to prescribe exercise for the purpose of fat
oxidation and related metabolic effects. Although running and
walking are feasible and popular among the target population, no
reliable protocols are available to assess Fatpeak as well as its
actual velocity (VPFO) during treadmill ergometry. Moreover, to
date, it remains unclear how pre-exercise CHO availability
modulates the oxidative regulation of substrates when exercise is
conducted at the intensity where the individual anaerobic threshold
(IAT) is located (VIAT). That is, a metabolic marker representing
the upper border where constant load endurance exercise can be
sustained, being commonly used to guide athletic training or in
performance diagnostics. The research objectives of the current
thesis were therefore, 1) to assess the reliability and day-to-day
variability of VPFO and Fatpeak during treadmill ergometry running;
2) to assess the impact of high CHO (HC) vs. low CHO (LC) diets
(where on the LC day a combination of low CHO diet and a glycogen
depleting exercise was implemented) on the oxidative regulation of
CHOs and fat while exercise is conducted at VIAT. Methods: Research
objective 1: Sixteen recreational athletes (f=7, m=9; 25 ± 3 y;
1.76 ± 0.09 m; 68.3 ± 13.7 kg; 23.1 ± 2.9 kg/m²) performed 2
different running protocols on 3 different days with standardized
nutrition the day before testing. At day 1, peak oxygen uptake
(VO2peak) and the velocities at the aerobic threshold (VLT) and
respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of 1.00 (VRER) were assessed. At
days 2 and 3, subjects ran an identical submaximal incremental test
(Fat-peak test) composed of a 10 min warm-up (70% VLT) followed by
5 stages of 6 min with equal increments (stage 1 = VLT, stage 5 =
VRER). Breath-by-breath gas exchange data was measured continuously
and used to determine fat oxidation rates. A third order polynomial
function was used to identify VPFO and subsequently Fatpeak. The
reproducibility and variability of variables was verified with an
intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Pearson's correlation
coefficient, coefficient of variation (CV) and the mean differences
(bias) ± 95% limits of agreement (LoA). Research objective 2:
Sixteen recreational runners (m=8, f=8; 28 ± 3 y; 1.76 ± 0.09 m; 72
± 13 kg; 23 ± 2 kg/m²) performed 3 different running protocols,
each allocated on a different day. At day 1, a maximal stepwise
incremental test was implemented to assess the IAT and VIAT. During
days 2 and 3, participants ran a…


Energy consumption and health hazards in a model house were investigated using a heat load simulation tool in this research. The simulation tool were capable to show that annual heat load, energy consumption for HVAC, and room air temperatures of every five minutes in the house. It was confirmed that the higher thermal insulation could realize the lower health hazards and energy consumption for heating. In some cases, where thermal insulation was added to existing houses, air temperatures in rooms without heating were not high enough. Effective heating methods could improve health hazards level in rooms only with a little additional energy.


The secondary side of an inductive power transfer (IPT) system is typically galvanically isolated. In IPT systems for vehicular applications, the vehicle is isolated from earth ground by the tires. The primary side is necessarily and in accordance to regulations grounded. The electric field of an IPT system is intense and IPT systems usually employ an electrostatic shield between the secondary coupler and the vehicle. However, capacitive coupling exists between all of the components of the system, including the primary and secondary windings, electrostatic shield(s), the vehicle, and ground. Thus, to some approximation, an electric potential (essentially a common-mode potential) exists between each component and ground. The extraneous electric field of an IPT system is, however, slightly non-conservative. Thus, the calculation of electric potential is not unique. We present numerical calculations showing that the potential induced on the secondary electrostatic shield of a representative IPT system can be significant even when some care is taken to enforce symmetry with respect to ground in the primary. Also, we show that the potential computed for a number of different integration paths is nearly identical, thus indicating that a nearly uniquely-defined common-mode voltage exists between the electrostatic shield and ground.


Testicular rupture refers to injury of the tunica albuginea and subsequent extrusion of seminiferous tubules. It occurs usually in young men following high impact or sporting injuries. Prompt diagnosis is required, and treatment is time-critical to avoid testicular loss.

 A 32-year-old man presented to the emergency department with scrotal pain five hours after a direct blow to the right scrotum whilst doing Ju-Jutisu. Examination revealed a tense, swollen and extremely tender right hemi-scrotum. An urgent testicular ultrasound confirmed a right complete capsular rupture with almost circumferential superior-pole tunical defect. The patient was promptly consented for scrotal exploration +/- right sided orchidectomy. Intra-operatively finding was a complete rupture of the right testes and considerable haematoma. A partial orchidectomy was performed, resecting all devitalised seminiferous tubules while the viable testicle was re-constructed with combined primary apposition of albuginea and a tunica vaginalis flap. The resulting cosmetic appearance was adequate. The patient was discharged home the following day, with antibiotics and his recovery was uncomplicated. At four weeks, the patient reported no further pain and post operative imaging was reassuring. He was pleased to avoid complete orchidectomy.

 Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for testicular rupture following blunt trauma to scrotum. Patients are frequently anxious about loss of testes and the impact on self-image, fertility, and hormonal function. This case demonstrates that prompt urological review and early scrotal exploration can prevent testicular loss.


The focus of our study is the processes occurring after irradiation of solids. These processes are of special interest for understanding the dynamics of charge carriers and the stability of radiation-induced defects, which play an important role in solid-state photochemistry and its technical applications, as well as in laser techniques and material science.

 The aim of the thesis is to elucidate open questions (i) on dynamics and kinetics of charge carriers during photon stimulation of pre-irradiated rare gas solids, (ii) the role of radiative transitions in relaxation cascades and the possibility of their stimulation by chemiluminescent reactions, (iii) the interaction between atomic and electronic subsystems during relaxation of pre-irradiated solids. A new post-irradiation phenomenon in solid Ar – an anomalous low temperature desorption of particles was found and investigated.


This paper presents an analysis and a systematic solution to the problem of system failure isolation in dynamic systems. System failures are related to the system matrix of a dynamic model and they change the dynamic response of the system. Failure isolation is concerned with specifying the type, size, and location of failures, following their detection. Two system failure isolation algorithms are proposed, one for failures that can be modeled as changes of parameters of the system matrix and the other for failures that do not have a simple model. The two algorithms working in parallel form a method capable of isolating system failures of either type. A flight control example and a jet engine example are used to illustrate the method.


From the angle of culture dissemination, this paper studied the mode of brand culture dissemination, with four factors, which are message,path,receiver and result. Meanwhile, the mode joined the feedback system, to examine the dissemination result and assure brand culture vitality.


In recent years, every Chinese citizen's attention has been focused on the nation's housing market. The rising real estate business in China has made a great number of Chinese people wealthy; nevertheless, the high property prices have also chained the Chinese economy and produced a series of challenges as a result of this situation. This paper will conduct an analysis of the factors that led to China's real estate boom and high housing prices by conducting a literature review and data analysis. It will also offer potential solutions to the issues that have arisen as a result of high housing prices and forecast the future trend of China's housing prices in order to offer recommendations for the balanced and all-around growth of China's economy.


Modeling expressive synthesis requires one to deal with a wide range of sound's behaviors that include spectral dynamics which are idiomatic to the instrument or characteristics of the playing technique. In the paper we analyze short time evolution of power-spectral envelopes, adaptively changing the analysis parameters so as to variably include filter envelopes, and the pitched excitation parts. Typical sequences of sound features are obtained from quantized sequences of parameters. By applying string matching techniques, new sequences of features are created and new sounds that have dynamically changing temporal behavior are re-synthesized.


Quench unit was an essential part of ethylene plant,and played an important role for the yield and general performance of ethylene plant.Based on principle of the risk-based inspection(RBI) methodology in API581,the main failure modes and damage mechanisms of equipments and piping in ethylene quench unit were identified.A risk evaluation of equipments and piping in ethylene quench unit was carried out.All of the equipments and piping in this unit were prioritized based on the risk of level according to the RBI results.Risk reduction measures and optimal inspection strategy were proposed.This risk evaluation would provide reference for the regular inspection of the ethylene quench unit.


The effect of added sodium bromide on the allylic oxidation of olefins by cobalt(III), manganese(III), and cerium(IV) acetates has been studied. Sodium bromide strongly accelerated the oxidation of cyclohexene by these oxidants to give cyclohex-2-enyl acetate in good yield. Only one product was obtained in the oxidation of cycloalkenes, but two allylic acetates were obtained in the oxidations of methyl-substituted cyclohexenes, which have two kinds of allylic hydrogen. A mechanism involving hydrogen abstraction from allylic sites by bromine radicals is suggested.


In spite of the democratization of the highest grades of the Diplomatic Corps carried out by the republicans, the aristocracy experienced a renewed influence within the diplomatic career in the years following the end of the Great War. Recruited at the beginning of the Century through a hybrid system of selection, which still granted great importance to social criteria, aristocrats took advantage of the renewal of the executive-level diplomatic personnel to accede to the highest positions within the Department of Foreign Affairs. In addition to a good educational and cultural background and a tradition of public service, they relied on their own relations and solidarity networks, while practising a strategy of openness which enabled them to integrate into other national elites and get into the circles of political power. The aristocracy also derived its influence from the social model it embodied and which still shaped the ideal and the social and cultural practices of the diplomatic elites. The war and the peace settlement also enabled some of its members to acquire new professional skills, better adapted to the challenges and the problems of the 1920s diplomacy.


A 29-year-old woman in her first pregnancy was admitted to hospital at 37 weeks gestation. The pregnancy had been uneventful until 35 weeks when she developed an intense thirst and polyuria. For 3 days before admission she also had nausea, vomiting of coffee-ground material, epigastric pain and mild fatigue, but no pruritus. She had taken no drugs, denied any abuse of alcohol and had not been exposed to any other known hepatotoxic agent. On admission the woman did not look very ill; she was alert, slightly dehydrated and presented a scleral ictems. Blood pressure was 120180 mmHg, pulse IlOimin, temperature 37 "C. There was tenderness on palpation of the epigastrium. Uterine size was consistent with 37 weeks geTtation. The fetal heart rate was regular with a normal variability. There was a trace of proteinuria. Results of laboratory investigations performed on admission are summarized in Table 1. Serum electrolytes, calcium and total plasma protein were normal. Serum amino acid concentration was low normal, with elevated levels of glutamine, alanine, phenylalanine and tyrosine. Ultrasound of liver, gall bladder and kidneys showed no abnormalities. Features such as nausea with repeated vomiting in the third trimester followed by jaundice,


The Schrödinger functional formalism is given as a field theory in a finite volume with a Dirichlet boundary condition in temporal direction. When one tries to construct this formalism with the Ginsparg-Wilson fermion including the overlap Dirac operator and the domain-wall fermion one easily runs into difficulties. The reason is that if the Dirichlet boundary condition is simply imposed on the Wilson Dirac operator DW inside of the overlap Dirac operator an exponentially small eigenvalue appears in DW , which affects the locality properties of the operator. In this paper we propose a new procedure to impose the Schrödinger functional Dirichlet boundary condition on the overlap Dirac operator using an orbifolding projection.


Sensitivity encoding is used to improve the performance of real‐time MRI. The encoding efficiency of single‐shot and segmented echo‐planar imaging is tripled by means of a 6‐element receiver coil array. The feasibility of this approach is verified for double oblique cardiac real‐time imaging of human subjects at rest as well as under physiological stress. Sample images are presented with scan times per image down to 13 msec at a spatial resolution of 4.1 mm, and 27 msec at a resolution of 2.6 mm. Moreover, multiple slice real‐time imaging is demonstrated at a rate of 38 double‐frames per second. Magn Reson Med 43:177–184, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Teacher-training through practice and observation.-Normal schools and colleges of education have seldom been able to supply adequate facilities for practice teaching. In the majority of instances the practice program is little more than a gesture. Under such conditions one is not surprised to find directors of teacher-training experimenting with substitute procedures. Fortunately, one substitute, directed observation, has developed possibilities even beyond those of the original. In fact, it is a common experience to find the two procedures combined. Therefore, it is gratifying to witness the timely appearance of a comprehensive book' on supervised observation and practice teaching. The book is divided into four parts. Each part has a short introduction. Part I, dealing with the setting in which the educational process takes place, includes sixteen lessons on such topics as "Seating and Blackboards," "Routine," "Discipline," "Individual Differences with Respect to Physical Development," "Instructional Equipment," and "Provisions for Study." Part II discusses the process of instruction. There are nine lessons in this section, covering such topics as "Distinguishing between Method, Device, and Technique," "Significance of Remote and Immediate Aims," "Lesson Types," and "The Procedure of the Drill Lesson." Part III, which aims to develop a proper attitude in the student toward practice teaching, includes seven lessons dealing with such topics as "The Nature and Purpose of the Lesson Plan," "Lesson Plans for the First Few Lessons," and "Student-Teacher Conferences with the Supervisor." Part IV serves to guide the student through the period of actual instruction. The thirteen lessons in this section cover such topics as "Reducing the Size of the Lesson Plan," "Teaching Pupils to Think," "Developing the Ability to Execute," and "Examining and Grading." In brief, the lessons in Parts I and II are descriptions of projects in directed observation, while the lessons in Parts III and IV outline the work of the practice teacher. Each lesson opens with a statement of its aim set apart in italics at the top of the page. Then follows a summary of the accepted principles of method and educational psychology which apply to the topic of the lesson, supported by a wealth of concrete illustrative material in the form.of pictures, outlines, steno-


In the histone code hypothesis histone proteolysis is depicted as a novel kind of irreversible post-translational modifications of histones. Site specific proteolysis of histone is hypothesized as a process for removal of epigenetic signature of histones. However, though there are many reports depicting histone proteolysis, there are very few reports on characterization of a histone protease. In the present review we tend to summarize classify the existing histone proteases and we also discuss the role of these proteases in modulation of chromatin structure and function.


ABSTRACT The study focuses on the language abilities of 30 20-month-old children, using data from two sources: a detailed maternal interview and 90 minutes of videotaped observation. Observed language was coded into the categories used for the interview. Production and comprehension at 28 months (MLU, PPVT and morphology comprehension) were also assessed. Observation and interview data at 20 months were highly intercorrelated. Cluster analyses of both data sets yielded referential, grammatical morpheme and dialogue clusters, providing partial support for the nominal/pronominal and referential/expressive acquisition styles reported in the literature. However, the referential and grammatical morpheme clusters were highly correlated, suggesting that two acquisition strategies are developing in parallel. Only for those children who heavily emphasize one strategy can one speak of a distinctive style. All interview and observation clusters predicted 28-months MLU, but the grammatical morpheme clusters did not predict later performance on a Grammatical Morpheme Test. It is tentatively suggested that holistic processing strategies underlie the pronominal/expressive style.


This study was to investigate the relationship between self-encouragement and exercise adherence performance of college soccer players with relational characteristics of soccer Leader. Total 472 people from a population of College Soccer players are selected as final samples for the analysis. Multiple regression analysis, and path analysis by applying SPSS 14.0 are used for the analysis and the results are as follows; First, relational characteristics significantly affects self-encouragement. Second, relational characteristics significantly affects exercise adherence performance. Third, self-encouragement significantly affects exercise adherence performance. Fourth, there are causal relations among relational characteristics, self-encouragement and exercise adherence performance. relational characteristics and self-encouragement have direct effects on exercise adherence performance. Plus, relational characteristics has indirect effects on exercise adherence performance through its direct effects on self-encouragement.


A critical review of: Invisible Connections: Why Migrating Shorebirds Need the Yellow Sea, by Jan van de Kam, Phil Battley, Brian McCaffery, Danny Rogers, Jae Sang Hong, Nial Moores and Ju Yun-Ki, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 2010. Softcover, 160 pp. RRP $49.95.


In this proceedings we show the evolution and equilibration of nonlocal quantities such as equal time two-point functions for operators of large conformal weight and holographic entanglement entropy in N = 4 super Yang Mills theory using the gauge gravity duality. We use two different scenarios. One where the system is initially anisotropic and thermalizes and one which also includes inhomogeneities corresponding to colliding shocks on the gravity side.


The present invention is different from the [A] epoxy group-containing unsaturated compound and a copolymer of a different olefinically unsaturated compound, the reaction product of the [B] hydroxyl group-containing epoxy resin and an alkoxysilane, and the [C] component [A] and [B] It relates to a resin composition containing a cationically polymerizable compound. This resin composition can form the protective film for optical devices which is high in flatness, high in surface hardness, and excellent in various resistances, such as heat resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, and sputter resistance. Resin composition, flatness, surface hardness, resistance, protective film for optical devices


Ventricular tachycardia (VT), a life-threatening arrhythmia generally originating within myocardial scar, may be treated with catheter ablation. Typically associated with ischaemic heart disease, recognition of VT occurring in the absence of coronary artery disease (non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, NICM) is increasing. One of the recognised NICM scar phenotypes includes an epicardial scar located in the basal inferolateral left ventricle, which may form parts of VT circuitry located close to critical structures, including coronary arteries and phrenic nerve (PN). Therapeutic ablation may damage these structures, with deleterious consequences. We present a case where epicardial VT circuits were located directly underneath the left PN and were abolished by percutaneously displacing the PN using an inflatable balloon and performing ablation underneath the balloon, preserving PN function. A 57-year-old man with post-viral NICM, presented with recurrent internal-defibrillator shocks from VT occurring 17 times in 24 hours. Echocardiography demonstrated a left ventricular ejection fraction of 46% and


In order to fertilize effectively the sweet corn of Hannan strict of Wuhan city in Hubei province,the pH and the contents of soil organic matter(OM),alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen(N),available phosphor(P) and available potassium(K) were investigated from 2009 to 2011.Meanwhile,the fertilization recommendation indices of P and K were established based on 12 "3414" experiments.Furthermore,the zone map of recommended P and K fertilization were illustrated.The results showed that the pH of sweet corn zone were neutral to slightly alkaline,OM,alkali-hydrolysis N,available P and available K were low according the classification of soil nutrient.P2O5 were 120,90,70 and 30 kg/hm2 when P fertility were classified as very low,low,medium and high(available P lower than 3,3~9,9~17,higher than 17 mg/kg),respectively.70 and 90 kg/hm2 P2O5 were recommend in the north and south of the sweet corn zone.Correspondingly,K2O were 120,70,40 and 10 kg/hm2 when the available K was lower than 90,90~130,130~190,and higher than 190 mg/kg.Recommended K2O in southwest and southeast of the sweet corn zone were mainly 120 kg/hm2 and that in other place were 70 kg/hm2.


The choosing of distributors can appear deceptively simple. At first blush, it might seem to a marketing vice president that the choice of this or that individual, firm A or firm B, is one that would offer only a passing challenge, and certainly not one with the possibility of serious antitrust consequences. The reefs in these waters, however, do not lie far below the surface. For the manufacturer does not simply choose individual distributors. He must, perforce, also select a sys tem or pattern of distribution?and therein lies much of the problem.


The enzyme telomerase is associated with cellular immortality and is expressed in the vast majority of human neoplasms. The expression of the RNA component of human telomerase (hTR) shows excellent concordance with enzyme activity.


CVD diamond film coated cemented carbide is thought to be applied in industry,the key factor restricts its industrialization is adhesion between diamond film and cemented carbide.How to improve its adhesion is the imminence science problem for materials staffs.Adhesion characteristic is the key question for the fabrication and application of CVD diamond thin film.The main effect factors and improvement approachs on adhesion between diamond film and cemented carbide,some typical adhesion measurements are introduced.The research status and the development direction of adhesion and adhesion measurements are discussed.


The southeastern United States possesses a great diversity of woody species and an equally impressive history of wildland fires. Species are known to vary in their flammability, but little is known about southeastern species. We used published data and our own collections to perform standard litter flammability tests on a diverse suite of 25 native overstory trees from the region. Flame heights, duration of flaming and smoldering combustion, and fuel consumption were measured for each species. Species spanned a wide spectrum of flammability, from highly flammable to fire-impeding. The southeast has several flammable species, including several Pinus and Quercus that rank among the most flammable species ever measured. In addition to these species, several species burned with poor flammability, notably eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere], Ocala sand pine [P. clausa var. clausa (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Vasey ex Sarg.], and eastern white pine (P. strobus L.), dampening local fire intensity and enabling these fire-intolerant species to survive in fire-prone landscapes.


Romantic Nature from a Realist Point of View "Speculative realism" has lately emerged as one of the most provocative, and frequently misrepresented, currents in contemporary intellectual life. As articulated during the 2007 conference from which it takes its name, speculative realism encompasses an entire spectrum of philosophies "committed to upholding the autonomy of reality . . . against the depredations of anthropocentrism" (Brassier et al. 306).1 After a century of phenomenological and deconstructive investigations into consciousness and language, speculative realists take seriously the metaphysical claim that the world exists, independent of the mind and its perceptions. At the same time, in contesting all forms of relativism or anti-realism, they are joined in an appreciation of what Graham Harman calls "the strangeness of the real: a strangeness undetectable by the instruments of common sense" (Quentin viii). Speculative realists speak of reality in surprising, even uncanny, ways. Skeptics have dismissed speculative realism as everything from the philosophical form of neoliberal economics to the dangerous renouncing of all political alignment.2 In this essay, I will argue not only for its philosophical importance, but also for its potential to reshape debate about "nature" in literary studies. My investigation therefore turns to romanticism, a literary and philosophical movement defined by its sustained reflection on the concept. Reading speculative realism through romanticism, and vice versa, suggests that much remains to be said about nature, even in its romantic instantiation – which turns out to be less familiar than we might have thought. It also shows how nearly our present theoretical moment hews to a certain romanticism. For most speculative realists, the tradition of modern anti-realism begins with Kant's epistemology. Responding to Hume's skeptical attack on the uniformity of nature, Kant established the possibility of empirical realism by grounding it in a transcendental idealism. According to the familiar story, the Kantian revolution ensured the validity and coherence of our phenomenal experiences, but at the cost of transforming things in themselves into mere logical placeholders. After Kant, dogmatic speculation about the world in itself is supplanted by critical inquiry into the conditions under which experience of the world is possible.3 The story is hardly new. More strikingly, though, the speculative realists insist that this transcendental procedure provides the basis for


An analog baseband chain together with an analog to digital converter (ADC) for a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) receiver implemented in 130nm CMOS technology is presented in this paper. The baseband and the ADC are integrated on a single chip, occupying 1.6mm2 (I and Q branch) of active silicon area. The baseband is selectable between 50MHz and 160MHz bandwidth through switches and the voltage gain can be controlled between 22dB and 27dB. The ADC has selectable mode of 5, 6, 7 and 8 bits via control switches. The baseband and the ADC achieve measured spurious-free dynamic range more than 45dBc over the 160MHz band. The circuits, which use a 1.2V supply voltage, dissipates minimum power of 214mW with 50MHz baseband and 5 bit mode ADC, and maximum power of 344mW with 160MHz baseband and 8 bit mode ADC.


AbstractThe temperature evolution of the Ga_94In_6 liquid alloy introduced into an opal matrix has been studied by the NMR method in the temperature range 300–155 K. The temperature dependences of the position and the intensity of the NMR signals from ^71Ga, ^69Ga, and ^115In isotopes have been measured upon cooling and heating of the nanocomposite. The ^71Ga NMR line has been observed to be split into two components on cooling below 176 K with a transfer of the intensity to the high-frequency component. The results demonstrate an induced by nanoconfinement shift of the eutectic point in the alloy and the liquid–liquid phase transition in the indium depleted part of the melt.


In this paper, an active steerable driving mechanism with in-wheel motors is proposed. Before designing the robotic mobile platform, active caster wheels and active steerable driving wheels are studied. For design of the robotic mobile platform, we discuss about active steerable wheel design. The omnidirectional motion through the digital design exploration of the robotic platform using active driving and steering wheel is examined. As the major mechanical components, an active steerable driving wheel and in-wheel motors are described. The design is established by rapid prototyping model of omnidirectional motion.


Physicochemical property data, such as density, electrical conductivity, and pH of aqueous solutions of LiB(OH)4, Li2B4O5(OH)4, and LiB5O6(OH)4 have been accurately determined at different temperatures. Density values were given from 288.15 K to 323.15 K, and pH and electrical conductivity from 293.15 K to 323.15 K. The properties were represented by semiempirical equations as functions of concentration. The mole fractions of polyborates were obtained in aqueous lithium borate solutions, and their distribution and relevant mechanism were also suggested.


We report observation of a narrow peak structure at ∼ 1.54 GeV with a Gaussian width σ = 6 MeV in the missing mass of K S in the reaction γ + p → pK S K L . The observed structure may be due to the interference between a strange (or anti-strange) baryon resonance in the pK L system and the φ ( K S K L ) photoproduction leading to the same final state. The statistical significance of the observed excess of events estimated as the log likelihood ratio of the resonant signal+background hypothesis and the φ -production based background-only hypothesis corresponds to 5 . 3 σ .


Since foliar sprays appear not to be very effective on sorghum against Atherigona soccata Rond. (Atherigona varia soccata) and the seeds of this crop have to be treated with fungicides, the interaction between an insecticidal seed dressing containing 5% carbofuran and a fungicidal seed treatment


The drying process on kemplang crackers is one of the factors that determine the quality of the resulting product. Conventional drying has many disadvantages, namely fluctuating heat and poor hygiene that will affect product quality. So that kemplang crackers can be stored for a long time, it is necessary to reduce the water content of kemplang crackers. Drying kemplang crackers can use a drying rack with a biomass energy source from coconut shells. This study aims to design a tray dryer with biomass energy to obtain dryer performance based on the drying rate and to obtain a product that meets SNI No. 8272-2016. The treatments that were varied were set point temperatures of 55oC, 60oC, 65oC, and 70oC with mass variations of 50 gr, 100 gr, and 150 gr. The results showed that the optimum drying conditions at 70oC for 4 hours with an air velocity of 5.2 m/s2 obtained 9,84% moisture content in 50 gr kemplang crackers, 15.39% in 100 gr crackers and 19,2 in kemplang crackers 150 gr and a drying rate of 0,035028 kg/hour m2. The drying process requires 5,24 kg of dried coconut shell to produce heat energy of 95.358,81024 KJ with a by-product in the form of liquid smoke.


This paper described a novel pulse width modulation (PWM) technique in reduced switch count multilevel inverter (MLI) for renewable power applications. Therefore, the proposed technique finds a better solution in the multilevel inverters used for improving power quality, efficiency and reduction of switching and conduction losses. It produces a smoother sinusoidal output waveform with reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) using different modulation technique. The novel PWM technique consists of nearest level control (NLC) and level shift pulse width modulation (LSPWM). Normally semiconducting devices are added for increasing number of levels. It affects the power quality and efficiency due to losses. In this work, MLI topology with reduced number of switches count for NLC and LSPWM is presented. The single-phase and three-phase inverter configuration is used in proposed mythology. Detailed simulation results for 7-level inverter of single and three-phase inverters are presented in this paper. It is observed that NLC method is better efficiency and reduced THD than LSPWM for better utilization in renewable power applications.


In this paper we analyze British Columbia's accelerated vehicle retirement program (BC SCRAP-IT®) offering a uniquely wide range of post retirement options. In addition to cash or new-vehicle subsidies, BC SCRAP-IT also supports alternative forms of transportation: public transit, membership in ride-share or car-share programs, and/or the purchase of a bicycle. We evaluate the program's impact on carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and nitrous oxides (NOx) emissions. We also ask, was program participation higher among people belonging to lower income groups? And did different income groups choose different post-retirement options? We find that the average vehicle in the program is retired 9.4 years earlier than 'normal' and is driven approximately 12,100 km per year during the end of its life. We estimate an average savings of 10.5 tonnes of CO2, 70 kg of NOx, 28 kg of HC, and 402 kg of CO per program vehicle. Using a price of C$30 per tonne of CO2 and C$3500 per tonne of NOx emissions we value these savings at C$859. For participants who choose a new vehicle only (ignoring public transit, ride-share or bicycle options) the corresponding savings are 6 tonnes of CO2, 65 kg of NOx, 24 kg of HC, and 356 kg of CO per program vehicle. The corresponding value is C$666. We find no evidence that program participation is higher in areas with lower income levels. However, conditional on participation, we find that the the probability of choosing the transit option rises as the area's median income falls.


This research aims to investigate brand awareness during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Malaysian hotel industry. It specifically focuses on how brand awareness among Malaysian consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic is influenced by customer engagement and perceived quality. The population of the research consists of the customers who have patronised any hotels in Malaysia. In this research, quantitative method has been used and research data has been obtained via online questionnaires shared on social media. Convenience sampling method was applied and a total of 211 questionnaires were collected. To test the hypotheses, the social science statistical package (SPSS) version 27 was used. The findings clearly demonstrated that brand awareness among Malaysian customers during the COVID-19 pandemic is positively influenced by perceived quality and customer engagement. This study extends the limited literature on hospitality in the Malaysian hotel industry. Additionally, these findings have implications for improving customer engagement, perceived quality, and brand awareness in order to retain customers and gain a competitive advantage.


Chronic illnesses are prolonged, rarely cured, and don't resolve spontaneously, according to a new medical journal called Chronic Illness. The editors say they chose the word "illness" because it conjures up not only the biomedical manifestations of medical conditions, but also the psychosocial context and the experiences of those who live with these conditions. The journal doesn't yet take a stand on the politics of chronic illness, but it recognises that this is not a politically neutral subject (Chronic Illness 2005;1:1-6).


In order to allow THz pump–X-ray probe experiments at full bunch repetition rate for users at the European XFEL, the Photo Injector Test Facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ) is building a prototype of an accelerator-based THz source. The goal is to generate THz SASE FEL radiation with a mJ energy level per pulse using an LCLS-I undulator driven by the electron beam from the PITZ linac. Therefore, the existing PITZ beam line is upgraded and extended into a tunnel annex downstream of the existing accelerator tunnel. The beam line upgrade in the PITZ tunnel consists of three quadrupole magnets, a bunch compressor, a collimation system and a beam dump followed by the connection to the second tunnel. In the second tunnel a dipole magnet allows to serve two beam lines, one of them is the THz@PITZ beam line. It consists of one LCLS-I undulator for the production of the THz radiation, a quadrupole triplet in front of it for matching the beam parameters for the FEL process, and a quadrupole doublet for the electron beam transport to the beam dump behind it. For the electron beam diagnostic six new screen stations are built, three of them also allow for the observation of the THz radiation for measurements like bunch compression, pulse energy or spatial and transverse distribution. Additionally, five BPMs and a new BLM system for machine protection and FEL gain curve measurement will be installed. The progress of the beam line installation and the instrumentation will be presented.


The paper establishes existing bridge reliability evaluation model of random variable parameters with interval changes to verify influences of small changes of parameters on reliability evaluation of existing bridge.Practical projects show that small deviation of random variable parameters is of great influence on evaluation results.To take the 5% deviation accepted by the engineering field as an example,calculation results show that the max failure probability is 6 248.8 times of the min failure probability.Therefore,for existing bridge,if the probability distribution is not clear,reliability evaluation shall not be made based on designed parameters but refer to measured data.Due to limitation of funds and measuring methods,it is difficult to obtain exact probability distribution functions.Therefore,we suggest using non-probability reliability of interval variables to evaluate existing bridge.


The metaphor "cleanliness is next to godliness" widely exists in cultural and religious fields.Several recent empirical studies have suggested that physical cleanliness relieves one's immoral emotions,and a clean self enhances one's moral self image and can render harsh moral judgment.There were evidences supporting the conclusion that different parts of body involved in moral transgression tend to be cleaned.There are two theoretical explanations of the association between physical cleanliness and morality,which is the framework of conceptual metaphor theory and the embodied cognition theory.Stabilization,specificity and cross-cultural consistency of the association still need to be further explored.The present article offers several directions of future research on the threshold of the effects of physical cleanliness on moral self,the impact of different types of bodily cleansing on one's mind,the status of physical cleanliness among the moral copings,and the integration of interdisciplinary theories.


Health information technology improves healthcare quality and efficiency and prevents medical errors, but we do not have reliable estimates of electronic health record (EHR) adoption in U.S. hospitals. In a study of nearly 3000 U.S. acute care hospitals, researchers provide precise information on EHR uptake, degree of clinical implementation, and barriers to …


Though body language is a silent language,it plays an important role in our daily life.Sometimes it can help speakers express themselves more clearly.This paper firstly introduces the definition,function and necessity of the application of body language in English teaching,then it expounds the application of body language in English teaching.In the last part,it indicates what teachers should pay attention to in applying body language.


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There is no doubt the concept of ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) has gripped the technical community and has raised the hope for truly integrated voice, data, imaging, and video services. Such a dream was never possible before because of the diverse bandwidth requirements of each service type. Existing narrowband switches could not possibly keep up with widely varying channel bandwidth or the enormous aggregate bandwidth required. New methods of signaling would also be required to support new broadband services. The signaling itself might need varying degrees of bandwidth, and would likely be carried in the same stream as the data, yet be easily distinguishable. A common unit of information in the form of a 53 byte cell, including a header that helps determine the final destination of that cell, was adopted as the broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN) standard. While a great deal of work has progressed on ATM since the standard was adopted, there remains a camp that voices concerns as to the technical challenges that face deployment of ATM for certain services. In particular, concerns have been raised questioning the use of ATM networks to effectively route traffic that is constant-bit-rate (CBR) in nature and highly correlated. Voice and video services are of particular interest because of their potential economic markets. While it is almost certain that ATM, given enough time and resources, will prove its ability to handle these services, it behooves us to look for alternatives based on experience with existing telecommunications products. We present work completed in this area.


The authors report the clinical course in two unusual instances of Hodgkin's disease. They illustrate the great difficulties attendant upon the diagnosis at times.


Poetry The present study aims at evaluating the Elementary level (Grade 1) English Textbook of Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board Lahore in the light of the ideological, psychological and social foundations of the curriculum and the objectives stated of the said class in SNC 2020. The evaluation was done through document analysis and a rubric developed by the researchers themselves. The objective was to do the evaluation of contents of the prescribed book, its layout and design, and its alignment with the ideological, social, and psychological foundations and SLOs of grade 1 mentioned in the SNC document. The aim is to ascertain whether the textbook remained true to its learning outcomes and competencies mentioned in the Curriculum document by the Ministry of Education. The findings confirm that the book met most of the criteria set in the curriculum documents.Still, there are a few shortcomings for which the researchers have suggested certain recommendations.


A series of gas wells were tested by flowing each well at a constant rate until semi-radial flow was apparent. Each well was then shut-in for a build-up. After a sufficient build-up was obtained, another flow test was commenced but at a higher flow rate than the first test. It was observed that the fractures in the wells influenced the pressure behavior for approximately 18-48 hr, depending on the flow rate, before semi-radial was predominant. When a low permeability gas well has induced fractures that are vertically oriented, the early flow geometry is essentially linear. How to determine when a flow test has been conducted long enough so that the most representative values of effective permeability, wellbore radius, and turbulence factor can be calculated is shown. From the linear pressure data, valuable information about the fracture treatment such as the effective flow area and vertical fracture efficiency can be determined. (12 refs.)


Despite widely differing methodologies, previous studies on affect (emotion as represented in language) have often obtained what appear to be the same basic dimensions. Whether these similarly named dimensions from different methodologies are actually equivalent was tested here by intercorrelating dimensions obtained from multidimensional scaling, successive-intervals scaling, semantic differential scaling, and factor analysis of verbal self-report data. Results strongly supported the convergent validity of pleasure-displeasure and degree of arousal, but were equivocal on additional dimensions. Separate multidimensional scalings of pleasant, intermediate, and unpleasant affect terms (a) confirmed the presence of an arousal dimension at each level of pleasure and (b) obtained three additional dimensions: control/potency/dominance, depth of experience, and locus of causation. These three dimensions were interpreted as describing not the emotion per se but rather beliefs about the antecedents or consequences of the emotion. In a final study, internal versus external locus of causation was shown to be reliably decoded from emotion-denoting words.


Evidence for coronal and chromospheric precursors of a hypothesized coronal mass ejection is sought in OSO-7 observations of a filament eruption and the subsequent flare. Large-scale changes in the corona above the active region were clearly present for at least several minutes before the flare, culminating in the activation and eruption of two widely separated filaments; the eruption of one of the preexisting filaments initiated magnetic reconnections and energy releases in the low corona, generating the observed chromospheric flare.


In order to accommodate foreseen climate change in European forests, the following are recommended: (i) to increase the number of tree species and the structural diversity; (ii) to replace unsuitable species by native broadleaved tree species, and (iii) to apply close-to-nature silviculture. The state forest department of Baden-Wurttemberg (BW) currently follows the concept of Forest Development Types (FDTs). However, future climatic conditions will have an impact on these types of forest as well as timber harvesting operations. This Geographic Information System (GIS)-based analysis identified appropriate locations for main FDTs and timber harvesting and extraction methods through the use of species suitability maps, topography, and soil sensitivity data. Based on our findings, the most common FDT in the state forest of BW is expected to be coniferous-beech mixed forests with 29.0% of the total forest area, followed by beech-coniferous (20.5%) and beech-broadleaved (15.4%) mixed forests. Where access for fully mechanized systems is not possible, the main harvesting and extraction methods would be motor manual felling and cable yarding (29.1%). High proportions of large dimensioned trees will require timber extraction using forestry tractors, and these will need to be operated from tractor roads on sensitive soils (23.0%), and from skid trails on insensitive soils (18.4%).


MOTIVATION
Genomic DNA replicates according to a reproducible spatiotemporal program, with some loci replicating early in S phase while others replicate late. Despite being a central cellular process, DNA replication timing studies have been limited in scale due to technical challenges.

RESULTS
We present TIGER (Timing Inferred from Genome Replication), a computational approach for extracting DNA replication timing information from whole genome sequence data obtained from proliferating cell samples. The presence of replicating cells in a biological specimen leads to non-uniform representation of genomic DNA that depends on the timing of replication of different genomic loci. Replication dynamics can hence be observed in genome sequence data by analyzing DNA copy number along chromosomes while accounting for other sources of sequence coverage variation. TIGER is applicable to any species with a contiguous genome assembly and rivals the quality of experimental measurements of DNA replication timing. It provides a straightforward approach for measuring replication timing and can readily be applied at scale.

AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION
TIGER is available at https://github.com/TheKorenLab/TIGER.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.


Glochidion talakonense M. Sankara Rao, J. Swamy, S. Nagaraju, S.B. Padal, M. Tarakeswara Naidu, K. Chandramohan & T. Thulasiah, a new species of Phyllanthaceae from Talakona hills, Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve, Andhra Pradesh, India, is described and illustrated. It is allied to G. karnaticum Chakrab. & M. Gangop., but differs from the latter by stamens, ovary, style and fruit characters.  Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 23 (1): 59-63, 2016 (June)


The authors show that inefficiencies in the U.S. market for inflation-linked bonds can be exploited by informed traders who include survey estimates or inflation model forecasts in trades on breakeven inflation. The Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities market has yet to fulfill investors' expectations as a low-risk, efficient, and liquid financial instrument. Index-linked government bonds eliminate not only default risk but also inflation risk because they adjust cash flows for accrued inflation over time. In the past, the governments of many developed countries (e.g., the United Kingdom, Canada, and Sweden) issued inflation-linked bonds. In 1997, the U.S. Department of the Treasury followed suit by issuing Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS). We investigated the TIPS market to improve our understanding of the major factors that drive risk and returns in that asset class. Although earlier studies identified liquidity premiums as one possible if not major factor driving TIPS returns, the financial crisis of 2008 allowed us to examine how risk premiums related to index-linked government bonds are affected by changes in the perception and pricing of risk. Previous research indicated that the TIPS market is inefficient and that market inefficiencies can be exploited by informed traders who include survey estimations or inflation model forecasts in trades on breakeven inflation. Our results—over a period in which the TIPS market matured and increased in depth while the volatility of real yields and inflation also increased—confirm that TIPS market inefficiency was not temporary but persisted from 1997 to 2009. Using estimations generated by the Survey of Professional Forecasters or forecasts based on an inflation-forecasting model to construct a breakeven trading strategy leads to excess returns over a static buy-and-hold strategy. These excess returns remain substantial even after accounting for trading costs. A more detailed analysis of trading strategy–related excess returns suggests that the breakeven strategy performs well during periods of high macroeconomic volatility. This finding can be explained by an enhanced attractiveness of TIPS as uncertainty around future inflation increases. Thus, in general, TIPS market participants' predictions of future inflation rates during periods of macroeconomic uncertainty are rather poor. Using a systematic approach to forecast inflation is, therefore, especially useful during times of economic uncertainty. Furthermore, our results suggest that the TIPS market has yet to fulfill investors' expectations of being a low-risk, efficient, and liquid financial instrument. In particular, TIPS returns include a substantial liquidity premium, which, in addition to exposure to changes in real yields, may increase, rather than eliminate, risks in investors' portfolios. With respect to the financial crisis between the last quarter of 2008 and the second quarter of 2009, our observations further point to inefficiencies in the TIPS market. The most striking evidence from our results is that breakeven inflation turns negative. This finding implies that TIPS are not considered equivalent to government bonds, which leads to the requirement of a substantial liquidity premium for holding TIPS. Moreover, the liquidity premium appears to change significantly over time and to vary with such factors as perceived financial market stability. Note: The views and opinions expressed in this article are the authors' own and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of BlackRock.


This paper addresses the possibility of a cognitive account of argumentation, by focusing on a tentative interplay between one of today's most influential theories of argumentation – van Eemeren and Grootendorst's Pragma-Dialectics – and Relevance Theory. With this purpose, I address the extent to which cognitive approaches to communication are able to incorporate pragma-dialectical insights. Both paradigms share today an assumption of 'soft rationality' allowing a significant departure from formal logic conceptions of communication. These experience difficulties in accounting for successful argumentation relying on logically deficient arguments, i.e. fallacies. Acknowledging Pragma-Dialectics' contribution in this respect, I investigate the model's compatibility with a cognitive agenda based on assumptions entirely different from those of a normative agenda such as PragmaDialectics'. The difference between Relevance Theory's internal perspective and Pragma-Dialectics' external perspective on discourse gives evidence of a different approach to communication. In the end, this comes down to evaluating whether these divergences are, in argumentation studies, irreconcilable.


Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic result of posterior urethral stricture or atresia and improve the success rate of an operation. Methods:Transperineal approach completely resected scar and accurately anastomosed urethra with no tension and large diameter.To long segment stenosis or atresia,urethrourethal anastomosis was performed after reduced broken part distance by the auxiliary treatment,as fully freeing the anterior urethra and cutting the cavernous body interval of penis.Indwelled U-shaped stent in the posterior urethra when finishing,which continuely supportting and flexibly dilating anastomotic. Results: All the surgery were successful.72 patients(94.7%) were examined with cystourethrography to have normal voiding function after catheter removed,8 cases were suffered with provisionality incontinence,no permanent incontinence. Conclusions:Transperineal approach resection scar and terminoterminal anastomosis has high achievement ratio for the management of posterior urethral stenosis or atresia.If longer indwelling flexible U-shaped stent in the posterior urethra,which may support and dilate anastomotic,it is an effective resolution to prevent the recurrence of urethral stricture.


Curcuma zedoaria and Kaempferia rotunda are known in Indonesia with the common name: temu putih and kunyit putih. Both plants are often used in Jamu, known as traditional Indonesia medicine, to treat various diseases. The aim of this research was to determine the antioxidant activity of rhizomes and leaves of K. Rotunda and C. Zedoaria and its potential as an inhibitor elastase. Both activities can be used as a preliminary test for antiaging, so the utilization of these plants can be developed as herbal cosmetics. Both dry leaves and rhizomes were refluxed with ethanol 96%. The extracts were evaporated and the antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH methods. The best antioxidant results continued with inhibitor elastase assay based on the formation of p-nitroaniline and can be measured at 405 nm. The IC50 values of DPPH scavenging activity of Vitamin C, rhizome and leaves of K. rotunda as well as rhizome and leaves of C. zedoaria were 2.24; 193.71;126,99; 72.61 and 45.75 ppm respectively. The ability of inhibition elastase of K. rotunda and C. zedoaria leaves in 150 ppm was 40,82 % and 49,24 % with EGCG used as control positive at 23 ppm gave activity of 85.72%. This investigation gave the promising effect to emphasize the importance of C. zedoaria leaves as antiaging cosmetic ingredient because it gave the best results.


The government's entrepreneurial behavior have droved the regional economics growth quickly,and realized the miracle of Chinese economical growth.At the same time,its externality has emerged too,such as the weakness ability of enterprise invention,and the gap of regional economics.So if we want to realize the sustainable development of Chinese economy,the model of government's entrepreneurial behavior should transfer to the model of entrepreneurial government.


[Objective]The spray-drying conditions were optimized for increasing the viability of microencapsulated Bacillus cereus by pressure spray-drying.[Method]A experimental design was constructed with air inlet temperature,feed flow rate,nozzle diameter and solid-liquid ratio as the independent variables and total viable counts as the dependent variables.[Result]The optimum spray-drying conditions for the production of maximally viable microencapsulated Bacillus cereus were air inlet temperature 140 ℃,feed flow rate 1. 5 t /h,nozzle diameter 2. 5mm,solid-liquid ratio 1∶ 5,which the survival rate of Bacillus cereus was 81%.[Conclusion]The optimum spray-drying conditions for the production of maximally viable microencapsulated Bacillus cereus was determined.


The sheer magnitude of the vision presented by Timothy Jackson in Mordecai Would Not Bow Down: Anti-Semitism, the Holocaust, and Christian Supersessionismmakes any review immeasurably challenging. Jackson, a professor of ethics at the Candler School of Theology at Emory University, focuses on the long history of anti-Semitism that culminated in the Nazi Holocaust in the context of a multiplicity of literature from the Bible through Shakespeare and contemporary Holocaust scholarship. Jackson critiques the understanding of the Holocaust by several prominent scholars such as Hannah Arendt and Daniel Goldhagen while his introduction of a wide array of views on human self-understanding results in a richness for further reflection not found in most writings on anti-Semitism and Nazi ideology. The frequent brevity of the citationsmakes for a somewhat unhinged presentation at times. The one more extended discussion of a resource comes in the concluding section where we find an in-depth reflection on the witness of Anne Frank and her diary. Yet even the brief quotes are suggestive of additional thought that could easily produce material for a second volume. A central thesis links together the many disparate insights that Jackson offers. Simply put, for Jackson, Jews have undergone continued persecution over the centuries because of the ideals for human behavior central to their self-understanding as a people. These ideals have stood in sharp contrast to the power-lust combination that has categorized so-called worldly wisdom. Ultimately anti-Semitism can be overcome only through amindset that has a positive Semitism at its core. This Semitismmust be willing to embrace the Jewish call to a higher standard ofmorality that calls humanity to lives of goodness, truth, and beauty for no reason other than their intrinsic preciousness. As Jackson sees it, this Jewish tradition of high moral commitment stands as the ultimate cause of the Nazi desire to remove Jews from the face of the earth. He does not totally deny the presence of some other causal factors for the rise of Nazism such as a social vision of power embedded in pre-Christian German tribal identity. But the moral standards promoted by the Jewish tradition must be seen as fundamentally central in any sound analysis of the Holocaust. This is something that is largely missing in the writings of most Holocaust scholars such as Arendt and Goldhagen, to name but two. Jackson sees this interpretation of the root cause of the Holocaust as also a guide for any theological and


This article presents the results obtained in the performance of a fuzzy controller and a neuro-fuzzy controller in the simulation phase, applied to the control of a non-linear and inherently unstable plant such as the ball and platform device. From the mathematical model of the system, and by using the Matlab® computational tools, both controllers were designed using the classic Mamdani structure and a fuzzy inference system based on adaptive network, or ANFIS, respectively. The verification procedure was carried out by means of the application of input signals in order to print circular and rectangular trajectories on the platform to the ball. The comparison of the responses obtained by simulations shows advantages in favor of the neuro-fuzzy controller, even considering the presence of noise generated in the sensors and the occurrence of possible external disturbances.


Abstract : The intent of this paper is to encourage reevaluation of the unidimensional workload scaling used in aerospace test and evaluation applications. The more specific intent is to encourage reevaluation from a structured psychometric viewpoint. The end goal is to facilitate a uniformly higher standard of measurement quality in unidimensional scaling having complex scale step descriptors. The basic principles and methods of psychometrics have been accessible in the technical literatures for decades. Even so, they have not been consistently applied to the design and verification of scaling for aerospace crew station usability evaluations. Psychometric verification should be performed on every scale employed as a test and evaluation tool. To this end, a simple but powerful psychometric method is demonstrated via two case studies performed at the United States Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC), Edwards Air Force Base California. Study 1 assessed the AFFTC revised United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (USAFSAM) workload scale, while Study 2 assessed the Bedford workload scale. As was the case with the original USAFSAM, the Bedford was found to be psychometrically deficient, although the revised USAFSAM was verified to be psychometrically satisfactory.


Maternal depression is a well-documented risk factor for psychopathology in children. The origins of this association, however, are not well understood. Noninvasive imaging methods such as MRI can be used to assess infant brain development and examine associations between maternal depression and neurobiological correlates of risk for psychopathology in early life. Here, we present preliminary analyses on 24 6 month old infants using a multi-shell diffusion MRI sequence optimized for imaging infant white matter, along with a novel tract clustering and identification workflow, TractStat. We examine the association between maternal depressive symptoms, measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and infant white matter organization in the uncinate fasciculus (UF). Infants whose mothers report experiencing more severe depressive symptoms have lower fractional anisotropy of the right UF, suggesting a possible neurobiological marker of the intergenerational transmission of risk for depression.


The molecules of the title bis(thiomorpholine) adduct of bis(1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dionato)cobalt(II), [Co(C15H12O2)2(C4H8NS)2], in the crystal structure are positioned on an inversion center at the intersection of a twofold rotation axis and a perpendicular mirror plane. The two thiomorpholine ligands bond to the octahedral cobalt(II) ion in the axial coordination sites (trans configuration).


Improving and processing of slaughterhouse waste of red meat in Morocco are possible by highlighting biotechnology techniques. These biological techniques have the advantage of being easy and competitive with other methods used in the field of waste treatment. Thus, we were able to isolate and characterize two strains of lactic bacteria (HBL5, HBL10) and yeast strains (HL2, HL15) with a significant fermentative power. Stability of the product is obtained from the twelfth day of fermentation. In addition, bacterial strains have a strong bactericidal effect vis-a-vis pathogens, allowing a significant improvement of the hygienic and organoleptic quality of the finished product, and the pH profile shows a remarkable evolution during fermentation to reach a stable value of 3.93. The acidity increased from 0.22% to 1.25% between the beginning and the end of fermentation.The fertilizer trials conducted by the bio-fertilizer showed a significant improvement of potato culture "Nicola" with a maximum value of 17.8 t / ha, obtained in the case of test II (15T/ha ) relative to the chemical treatment and control groups. Keywords : Slaughterhouse waste - Fermentation - Bio-fertilizer – Valorization - Potato.


The character projection (CP) lithography is utilized for maskless lithography and is a potential for the future photomask fabrication. The drawback of the CP lithography is its low throughput and leads to a price rise of IC devices. This paper discusses a technology mapping technique for enhancing the throughput of the CP lithography. The number of electron beam (EB) shots to project an entire chip directly determines the fabrication time for the chip as well as the throughput of CP equipment. Our technology mapping technique maps EB shot count-effective cells to a circuit in order to increase the throughput of CP equipment. Our technique treats the number of EB shots as an objective to minimize. Comparing with a conventional technology mapping, our technology mapping technique has achieved 26.6% reduction of the number of EB shots for the front-end-of-the-line (FEOL) process without any performance degradation of ICs. Moreover, our technology mapping technique has achieved a 54.6% less number of EB shots under no performance constraints. It is easy for both IC designers and equipment developers to adopt our technique because our technique is a software approach with no additional modification on CP equipment.


Melt index(MI)is the most important parameter in determining polypropylene's specifications and also the key of quality control.Considering the continuity of the polypropylene production process and the characteristics of gray prediction model,a new GMC(1,N)melt index prediction model is proposed in this paper to infer the MI of polypropylene from other process variables,which shows good applicability.Furthermore,a back propagation network is built to correct the residual of the model and the GMC(1,N)-BP model is improved with better precision.Standard SVM(support vector machines),LS-SVM and weighted LS-SVM model are taken for comparison.A practical polypropylene industrial process is taken as case study.The results show that the proposed improved model achieves good results in practical melt index prediction.


Urbanisation is a global phenomenon that presents powerful benefits for development and poses fundamental environmental and social threats. Urbanisation is also a phenomenon that
 stretches over time and across space. In Asia it means different things to Europe and America, where it is a much older phenomenon. This fact challenges us to understand the unique features
 of Asian urbanisation, if we are to offer the benefits and ameliorate the threat of urbanisation in Asia. Many cities in Asia are surrounded by wet-rice agriculture. Such hinterlands have
 very specific ecological, economic and demographic characteristics – such as relatively high population densities with fine-grained landuse patterns, and sophisticated hydrological
 infrastructures. As such they interact with nearby urban centres in distinctive ways, producing hybrid rural-urban settlements. Agricultural hinterlands have played, and will continue to
 play, an important role Asian urbanisation. But, the unique and relatively recent emergence of the extended forms of urbanisation in Asia, mean that their relationship to urbanisation has
 been inadequately studied. We need new approaches, methods and policies adequate to the new conditions in Asia.


This paper shows that the 1987 crash was a surprise to corporate insiders; insiders became buyers of stock in record numbers immediately following the crash; stocks that declined more during the crash were also purchased more by insiders; and stocks that were purchased more extensively by insiders during October 1987 showed larger positive returns in 1988. The overall evidence suggests that overreaction was an important part of the crash. Copyright 1990 by American Finance Association.


Background: Head-and-neck cancer treatment includes radiotherapy as a crucial component. However, radiotherapy, like other treatment modalities, has its own side effects, some of which can be avoided using the latest medical technology and understanding the illness. Despite being a relatively uncommon subtype of head-and-neck cancer, radiation is essential in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Because of the complex anatomy of the nasopharyngeal region, it is difficult to plan radiotherapy without sparing the cochlea, an important part of the auditory system, and the radiotherapy dosage to it may cause sensorineural hearing loss. In the modern era, volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) have become the gold standard in radiotherapy. With the advancement of these techniques, cochlear sparing is now possible without compromising the tumor dose. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 14 plans for patients with locally advanced NPC who had received radiation in our department. VMAT plans were created for patients who had IMRT radiotherapy and vice versa. Both approaches were evaluated in terms of cochlea sparing while maintaining the coverage of the planned target volume (PTV). Results: Our study compared the results of two different radiation techniques for locally advanced NPC, IMRT, and VMAT in 14 cases, and we found that VMAT was associated with a lower maximum dose to the cochlea, a lower mean dose to the cochlea, a higher PTV D98% (Gy), a lower PTV D2% (Gy), a higher PTV V95% (%), a lower heterogeneity index, and a higher conformity index. The P value for each comparison was <0.05, which indicates that the difference is statistically significant. These results suggest that VMAT is a better radiation technique than IMRT for locally advanced NPC. VMAT is associated with a lower dose to the cochlea and other organs at risk, which can improve the quality of life and survival of patients. Conclusion: These results suggest that VMAT is a better radiation technique than IMRT for locally advanced NPC. VMAT is associated with a lower dose to the cochlea and other organs at risk, which can improve the quality of life and survival of patients.


Previously, we observed that weakly acidic pectic polysaccharides (WAPs) having low uronic acid content (17~26%) were present in an appreciable amount in Japanese radish and cabbage.1} Although WAPscontained large amounts of neutral sugars, particularly arabinose and galactose, they resembled ordinary pectic substances in their sugar compositions and susceptibilities to pectinases. Recently, we obtained another type of weakly acidic polysaccharide, a xylose-rich acidic polysaccharide, from Japanese radish. This polysaccharide contained a small amount of galacturonic acid and was hydrolyzed by exoand endopolygalacturonase (exoand endo-PG). This investigation was undertaken to find whether or not this polysaccharide belongs to a group of pectic substances. In this work, this polysaccharide is referred to as a "hemi-


The reproductive biology of Brachycome muelleri Sonder (Asteraceae) was studied from 1995 to 1997 by using nursery and field experiments. Reproductive development and seed dispersal occupied approximately half of the 4-month growth cycle. Flowers of B. muelleri did not have any obvious self-incompatibility systems and were readily selfed to produce viable seed. It appeared that B. muelleri may be preferentially cross-pollinated under ideal conditions of pollinator visitation, but could revert to self-pollination in the event of outcross failure. Seed dispersal was assisted by the epinastic curvature of peduncles as fruit matured, bringing capitula into contact with the soil a short distance away from the parent plant. Slight wind-stimulated movement of the capitulum was sufficient to dislodge seed directly onto the soil surface. Seed was shed in the immediate vicinity of parent plants and although some short-range movement facilitated by rain splash, water flow and gravity was observed, no long-distance dispersal mechanisms were apparent. Annual seed production of the single extant population of B. muelleri in South Australia was estimated at about 5 million seeds. Immediately after dispersal, the soil seed bank in the vicinity of B. muelleri plants contained, on average, over 1700 germinable seeds m -2 . Many of these seeds germinated or died within a year, the remainder persisting into a second or third year. Seed viability under field-burial conditions declined to less than 10% over that time. Population size did not appear to be limited by seed production, but rather by seed dispersal syndrome.


Mastitis is causes considerable economic losses due to decrease in the quality and quantity of milk production, increases of the cost of treatment and veterinary services, and animal waste (increases of waste product). Inflammation of the udder caused by a traumatic event, toxic agent, or invasion of microorganisms may be indicated by an increase in numbers of somatic cells in milk. Bovine TLR9 is located on BTA22. The TLR9 mRNA consists of two exons and is 3255 bp including 5′ and 3′ UTRs, The genomic size of TLR9 is 4264 bp and the protein is 1029 aa. Blood samples were collected from 150 dairy cattle from six herds. DNA extraction was performed by salting out method. A fragment of 245 bp from intron 1 was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism to get the patterns of single-stranded DNA separated by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. Nine genotypes were revealed with the frequencies of 0.8150 (AA), 0.1481 (AB), 0.2666 (AC), 0.1704 (AD), 0.8880 (BB), 0.1480 (BC), 0.5920 (BD), 0.2960 (CC) and 0.1407 (CD). The allele frequencies for A, B, C and D were 0.3741, 0.2000, 0.2407 and 0.1852; respectively.Chi-square test didn't confirm Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equilibrium for this locus. Associations between polymorphisms and the trait studied were evaluated using the MIXED procedure of the SAS 9.1 software. Results showed that the somatic cell score not have a significant association with genotypes of TLR9 gene.


Thermal boundary resistance (TBR) was controlled by changing the Ge ratio in a MnSi1.7-based nanocomposite with SiGe to investigate the effects of TBR on thermal transport. We demonstrated a continuous reduction of thermal conductivity with the Ge ratio down to 1.2 W/Km, which is less than the minimum thermal conductivity of MnSi1.7, even in granular structures: practical forms of thermoelectric (TE) technologies. The TBR between MnSi1.7 and SiGe was estimated quantitatively in multilayered structures to be as high as 5.6 × 10−9 m2 K/W and a detailed analysis suggests that 20%–30% of the thermal conductivity reduction is attributed to the TBR in granular structures. Our results shed light on the importance of controlling TBR in TE material design towards a widespread use of TE technologies, instead of utilizing rare materials or uneconomical nanostructures.Thermal boundary resistance (TBR) was controlled by changing the Ge ratio in a MnSi1.7-based nanocomposite with SiGe to investigate the effects of TBR on thermal transport. We demonstrated a continuous reduction of thermal conductivity with the Ge ratio down to 1.2 W/Km, which is less than the minimum thermal conductivity of MnSi1.7, even in granular structures: practical forms of thermoelectric (TE) technologies. The TBR between MnSi1.7 and SiGe was estimated quantitatively in multilayered structures to be as high as 5.6 × 10−9 m2 K/W and a detailed analysis suggests that 20%–30% of the thermal conductivity reduction is attributed to the TBR in granular structures. Our results shed light on the importance of controlling TBR in TE material design towards a widespread use of TE technologies, instead of utilizing rare materials or uneconomical nanostructures.


The development of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWTs) aims to improve the potential performance of the wind turbine. However, a problem arises due to the angle of tilt from the wind flow and the floating platform, which leads to a vertical misalignment of the turbine axis, thereby reducing the available blade area and lowering the capacity to capture energy. To address this problem, this paper seeks to compare the influence of the rotor tilt angle on wind turbine performance between fixed tower wind turbines and FOWTs. The models used in the experiments have R1235 airfoil blades of diameter 84 cm. The experiment was analyzed using a wind tunnel and mathematical modelling techniques. Measurements were obtained using an angle meter, anemometer and tachometer. Testing involved wind speeds ranging from 2 m/s to 5.5 m/s, and the rotational speeds of the two turbine designs were compared. The study found that the rotational speeds of the FOWTs were lower than those of the fixed tower turbines. Moreover, at tilt angles from 3.5° – 6.1° there was a loss in performance which varied between 22% and 32% at different wind speeds. The tilt angle had a significant effect upon FOWTs due to the angle of attack was continuously changing, thus altering the optimal position of the turbine blades. This changing angle of attack caused the effective area of the rotor blade to change, leading to a reduction in power output at suboptimal angles. The study finally makes recommendations for future studies.


Abstract. This paper reports on the potential use of relaxor ferroelectric single crystal (RFSC) transduction to improve the sensitivity of the thin film multi-element Lamb wave sensor called LAMDA (linear array for modal decomposition and analysis). The previously reported LAMDA sensor was created using a high-density multi-element polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) electro-polymer sensing array. The electromechanical coupling factor k=d⁄√(ε^T*s^E ), which is proportional to the piezoelectric coefficient d, is considered important for an ultrasonic receiver such as LAMDA. Comparing the PVDF piezoelectric coefficient d31 ≈ 14 pC/N with that of a recent RFSC [011] Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (or Mn-PMN-PZT) having d32 ≈ -1100 pC/N, suggests the replacement of the PVDF array with a RFSC array could lead to a significant improvement in the sensitivity of the LAMDA sensor and consequently broaden the scope of its potential application to structural health monitoring. To this end, multiphysics modelling has been performed which indicates a five-fold increase in signal voltage output from a Mn-PMN-PZT based RFSC LAMDA compared with the original PVDF LAMDA. Model predictions for both RFSC LAMDA and PVDF LAMDA sensors will be reported, compared, and discussed.


This practical work report titled "Information System on Azza Wsiata Tour & Travel". This report discusses the making of the new web. The writer found a problem with the process, the company does not have an official website. Start of the campaign carried by messenger application, come to the office to potential customers who live far from the Indralaya town, and Azza Wisata Tour & Travel is not yet fully known. The data collection is done by observation and interviews with representatives of Azza Wisata Tour & Travel. Previously, they have been doing promotion orally from customers Azza Wisata Tour & Travel to potential customers. This can lead to doubts of potential customers. Therefore, companies need a website that helps employees Azza Wisata Tour & Travel in promoting his company. In addition, the company may also introduce herself to potential customers. Therefore, the authors provide a solution by creating a website using the programming language PHP with a MySQL database to make it easier to do a service to potential customers.


other biographical and documentary materials used by the authors, provide a solid basis for this study. Within the restricted area which it sets out to cover, this book is a thorough study of the events of March, 1938. The authors have provided enough background material on the period prior to March 9 to make the events which they discuss understandable. Nonetheless, it is perhaps regrettable that the study is so limited in scope that more information is not given on the period between July, 1934, and March, 1938. Moreover, a more extensive study of the attitudes of the governments in Rome, Paris, and London towards the critical developments in Austria would have enabled the reader to get a clearer picture of the European situation at this time. Yet, in spite of these drawbacks, Wagner and Tomkowitz have written a useful book that provides insight into the events which resulted in the union of Austria and Germany in March, 1938. It is much more specialized than the earlier studies of the Anschluss by Ulrich Eichstadt, Jiirgen Gehl, and Gordon Brook-Shepherd and is a valuable supplement to the other works that treat the events which preceded Hitler's conquest of Austria.


The aim of this paper is to show the potential of SciE-Lex, a lexical database of non-specialised (bio) medical terms, intended to help Spanish scientists, especially those in the medical community, to write native-like scientific articles in English. SciE-Lex provides morphological, semantic, syntactic and collocational information. In line with new trends in corpus and phraseological studies, which emphasise the importance of controlling multi-word expressions as a device to struccture discourse and improve language fluency, SciE-Lex is now being supplemented with 3- to 5 -word clusters and provides explicit information about their composition, function and textual distribution. Formulaic constructions are classified according to their function in the discourse. The new additions in SciE-Lex also illustrate the advantages that the electronic format can offer, such as the posibility of connecting formulaic constructions to headwords by means of hyperlinks and the indusion of information on the variability of prototypical expressions, accompanied by notes clarifying their usage patterns.


In order to assess the quantitative accuracy of the mass-spring lattice model (MSLM) in simulating various ultrasonic wave phenomena, numerical results for several fundamental problems, such as reflection, refraction, and crack-tip diffraction, have been obtained and compared with the analytical results. As a result, it has been found that the MSLM provides reasonably accurate numerical results, particularly when its relatively short time of computation is considered.


The admission to an ICU generates a high degree of stress and anxiety to the family because the environment is perceived by them as an aggressive and threatening space as it evidences the risk of the patient's dying.Consequently, the ICU environment can trigger behaviors and feelings such as doubt, helplessness, mental disorganization, inability to take action when faced with unexpected decisions, and other reactions, including depression or diseases caused by stress and anxiety. Aim of the study is to assess the level of stress and the coping strategies adopted by the family members of patients admitted in ICU of selected hospital. In the present study quantitative research approach and Descriptive researchdesign was used. The subjects were selected by Convenience Sampling Technique.100 family members of patients admitted in ICU of Adesh Hospital, Bathinda were participated in the study. The data was collected by using structured Interview questionnaire and Brief cope scale on the 2nd day of admission of patients in ICU by scheduled interview method. Major findings of the study revealed that majority of subjects i.e. 77 (77.0%) had moderate level of stresswhilst 13 (13.0%) had severe stress and only 10 subjects i.e. 10.0%had mild level of stress. In relation to coping strategies adopted by relatives of patients admitted in ICU the majority of subjects i.e. 84 (84.0%) had moderate level of coping while 9 (9.0%) had poor level of coping, and very few subjects that is only 7 (7.0%) had good level of coping.The variety of socio demographic variable were included in the present study, which were including Age of Respondent, Gender, Educational status, Marital status, Residence, Occupation, Type of family, Income per annum, Length of stay in hospital, Previous history of Exposure to hospitalization of Relative. In present study association of variable was evaluated by using chi square and it had revealed that only coping strategies are associated with occupation (P= .032) at the level of 0.05. So there is no significance found between level of stress with socio demographic variables.


The oxidation,decarbonization,overheating and burning in the heating forging blank were theoretically analyzed,and then the mathematical formulas were given.Within the forging temperature range of technology requirement,through the experimental research of heating the 50Mn steel bar(φ130 mm×250 mm),its results were achieved.This calculation method can be used for accurate calculating and judging quality reliability when heating the forging blank.


This paper analyzed the process of designing traffic signal controller based on Multisim10,discussed the application of simulation technology in the designing of electronic technology courses.The practice shows that using the simulation software to design course was able to overcome the deficiencies of the traditional curriculum design and enhance the quality of teaching.


The most promising candidate as an everyday alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are sodium-ion batteries (NIBs). This is not only due to Na abundance, but also because the main principles and cell structure are very similar to LIBs. Due to these benefits, NIBs are expected to be used in applications related to large-scale energy storage systems and other applications not requiring top-performance in terms of volumetric capacity. One important issue that has hindered the large scale application of NIBs is the anode material. Graphite and silicon, which have been widely applied as anodes in NIBs, do not show great performance. Hard carbons look very promising in terms of their abundance and low cost, but they tend to suffer from instability, in particular over the long term. In this work we explore a carbon-coated TiO_2 nanoparticle system that looks very promising in terms of stability, abundance, low-cost, and most importantly that safety of the cell, since it does not suffer from potential sodium plating during cycling. Maintaining a nano-size and consistent morphology of the active material is a crucial parameter for maintaining a well-functioning cell upon cycling. In this work we applied Anomalous Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (ASAXS) for the first time at the Ti K-edge of TiO_2 anatase nanoparticles on different cycled composite electrodes in order to have a complete morphological overview of the modifications induced by sodiation and desodiation. This work also demonstrates for the first time that the nanosize of the TiO_2 is maintained upon cycling, which is in agreement with the electrochemical stability.


Hascreated the design of seawater distillation unit based on PLC Schneider Zelio SR02 B121BD. This tool use PLC Schneider Zelio SR02 B121BD, microcontroller ATMega 8535, SRF04 volume sensor, DS1820 temperature sensor, and servo motor. This tool will work if SRF04 volume sensor read volume water intan klower 5cm ( 20cm),the control IC ATMega 8535 give data logic to PLC Zelio Smart Relay for non activate motion water pump. Next, if DS1820 temperature sensor read temperature intan klower 100 degree (<100degree), the control ICAT Mega 8535 give data logic toPLC Zelio Smart Relay for activate motion servo motor 180 degree (make stove turning with full power) and then if DS1820 temperature sensor read temperature intan kupper 120 degree (<120degree), the control IC ATMega 8535 give data logic to PLC Zelio Smart Relay for activate motion servo motor 90 degree (make stove turning with half power).


The research problem is how to influence the local government spending, the number of local civil servants (PNSD), and the number of regional infrastructure to the local economic development districts/ cities in Sumatra island of Indonesia. While the purpose of the study is to estimate the model and analyze the influence of local government spending, the number of the civil servants, and the amount of infrastructure to the local economic development districts/cities in Sumatra island of Indonesia.Regional economic theory used is Keynesian model: Y = C + I + G + (X – M); A concept of Local Government Expenditure (local government spending) according to Wagner's Law, Theory Peacock and Wiseman, Wagner, and Solow. While previous empirical research, among others is: (a) Susetyo (2003) and (b) Yanizar (2012). Research methods include: (a) the scope of the studies in this research is local government spending, the number of local officials (PNSD), local infrastructure (road length), and the regional gross domestic product (local economic). The location of observation as the unit of analysis is the district/city as much as 155 (comprising 121 districts and 34 cities) on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia; (b) The data type and data source, that the type of data used are secondary data and are equipped with primary data analysis uni; (c) The method of analysis in this research is quantitative descriptive and equipped with qualitative descriptive. The results of the research will be grouped into two categories: the results of descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis in the form of model parameter estimation data panel. The resulting model can be tested to get a good model, precise and consistent is by Chow and Hausman Test. Theoretically could have that amount of time series data is smaller than the district/city as a cross section preferably using random effect models is: Y = –2493,4550 + 5,7371X1 + 1,9784X2 – 1,2106X3 + e1; where, Y = Gross Regional Domestic Product; X1 = Regional expenditure (local spending); X2 = Number of local civil servants; X3 = Length of road; e1 = error term.


Properties of a raindrop size distribution (DSD) parameter estimated from TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR) measurements are examined. The DSD parameter, called " " which is equivalent to the estimate of "a" in the radar reflectivity (Z) – rail rate (R) relation, Z = aR, shows a clear contrast between over land and over ocean. It also has a clear correlation with rain-top height and lightning activity derived from TRMM LIS measurement. Moreover, the seasonal variations of "a" over South India and Singapore show good correlations with ground-based disdrometer measurements. These results suggest that provides a means of global mapping of DSD.


An embodiment of the present invention provides a plate provided at a dual side wafer grinding device for grinding a wafer. The plate includes: a plurality of first plate grooves formed in a first direction; and a plurality of second plate grooves formed in a second direction different from the first direction, wherein the first plate grooves and the second plate grooves have first and second plate groove portions arranged therein, the first and second plate groove portions having steps formed in a direction toward the center or an outer periphery of a lower plate.


5 This article proposes an econometric analysis of the demand for mobility, vehicle stock 6 and new registrations in the European road sector (EU-27 Member States + Croatia and 7 Norway). The role played by di erent variables on road tra c is estimated using dynamic 8 panel-data modeling at the European level and by clusters. Counter to GDP per capita, 9 which appears to be an unavoidable driver of the road transport demand, we nd statistically 10 signi cant fuel price elasticities for only one third of the estimated models. Furthermore, the 11 magnitude of the in uence of these determinants di ers widely between three distinct groups 12 of countries. Taken together, these results encourage policymakers to design national-level 13 measures lowering the purchase costs rather than speci c action on fuel taxes in order to 14 reduce CO2 emissions of the European transport sector. 15 16 JEL codes: R40; C23. 17


The performance of double-hybrid density functionals for the computation of molecular magnetic coupling constants in the framework of a standard spin Hamiltonian is assessed. A variety of different ferromagnetically and antiferromagnetically spin-coupled test systems is considered. A significant and systematic improvement with respect to common and more recent functionals is found.


This paper proposes advanced key performance indicators dedicated to learning machines and auto-adaptive systems performance analysis. This work introduces an algorithm implementing designed key performance indicators for automatic learning capacity checking. The algorithm simulates the supervised environment to stimulate the tested auto-adaptive machine and then study its adaption capacity based on indicators statistically designed.


The invention provides a triangular curved vortex generator type circular tube fin heat exchanger. The heat exchanger comprises circular tubes and fins, wherein the circular tubes are distributed along the flowing direction of gas; the fins are sleeved on the circular tubes; holes on which the circular tubes are sleeved are formed on the fins; a pair of circular arc-shaped triangular curved vortex generators is punched at the rear part of each hole; a pair of small circular arc-shaped triangular holes is reserved on the fins simultaneously; and bottom edges and circular holes which are connected with the curved vortex generators and the fins are positioned on concentric circles. The triangular curved vortex generators which are punched on two downstream sides of a middle line of the circular tubes make a part of fluid arrive at tail areas of the circular tubes through a fluid passage formed between the circular tubes and the vortex generators, so that separation of the fluid on the rear side of the circular tubes is prevented, wake flow areas on the rear side of the circular tubes are reduced, the heat exchange performance of connecting surfaces of the fins and the wake flow areas is improved, and the flowing resistance loss of the wake flow areas is reduced. The vortex generators and bosses are punched in a same direction, and a punching mould is simpler in manufacture.


The main goal of cluster analysis is to classify elements into groupsbased on their similarity. Clustering has many applications such as astronomy, bioinformatics, bibliography, and pattern recognition. In this paper, a survey of clustering methods and techniques and identification of advantages and disadvantages of these methods are presented to give a solid background to choose the best method to extract strong association rules.