Food security is access to all people at all times for enough food for an active and healthy life. Recent statements by the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations suggest that globally, there is enough food for all, with average food availability increasing from 2290 kcal/person/day in the early 1960's to 2700 kcal/person/day in 1988-90.


This research focuses on the description of the current system to determine the problems that occur and the system requirements needed. Then from the analysis, a global design is made which aims to provide a general description to the user about the new system and identify the components of the information system that will be designed in detail. The design includes display design, output design, input design, and file design. In the end, an online construction consultant consultation application was made and then the new system was tested, so that it could overcome the problems encountered in the old system. So it can be concluded that the application of the online construction consultant consultation application will make it easier for clients to consult directly if the consultant is out of town without having to wait and make an appointment with the consultant first.


Objective:To evaluate the value of contrast enhanced ultrasound in diagnosis of small live cancer in an early.Methods:Thirty-six patients with 36 small focal liver lesions were examined by contrast enhanced ultrasound.All the patients were subjected to contrast enhanced CT or MRI,and all were confirmed by pathology.The contrast agent Sonovue was used and the dose was 2.4 ml.Bolus was injected through ulnar vein,then the perfusion of the lesions in arterial phase,portal phase and pa-renchyma phase was viewed.Results:In 36 small liver cancer,there were 31 cases of moderately-poor differentiated carcinoma showed hypervascular pattern in the arterial phase and rapid wash-out in the portal phase.there were 3 cases of well differentiated carcinoma showed hypervascular pattern in the arterial phase and slow wash-out in the portal phase.there were 2 cases of clear cell carcinoma showed lowvascular pattern in the arterial phase and slow wash-out in the portal phase.Conclusion:Contrast-enhanced with sonovue is a promising approach in differential diagnosis of small liver cancer.and can obviously elevate the detection rate of small liver cancer.


Environmental pollution is a result of Industrial revolution. Environmental pollution effects quality of life and environmental ecosystem. Since decades, many attempts are being done to reduce environmental pollution. Among these attempts Bioremediation is one of the good remedial techniques. In the Bioremediation technique microorganisms are used to reduce the toxicity of harmful wastes and heavy metals from contaminated wastes water. Bioremediation has provided problem solving opportunities in the field of solid waste by detoxifying wastes. Due to its cost effectiveness and environmental impact offers attractive and more conventional clean-up technologies. In this regard researchers are carried out to study the effect of bioremediation by using various cyanobacteria species in reducing the toxicity. At this juncture this review glimpses the studies done in relation to removal of heavy metals in waste water by using Bioremediation techniques.


The photolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) films was studied in vacuo with light of wavelengths 2537 and 3130 A. A very stable filter system which cuts out the 3025 A. line was developed to isolate 3130 A. from a mercury spectrum. Despite the fact that the penetration of 2537 A. light was limited to a depth of a ca. 103 A. whereas 3130 A. light was more uniformly absorbed it was possible to demonstrate that the quantum yields for CO and CO2 formation were in agreement for the two wavelengths. Quantum yields for fractures and crosslinks were estimated by sol-gel analysis. An absorption maximum which develops near 13 μ after exposure of poly(ethylene terephthalate) to light or γ-rays was attributed to the formation of groups formed by elimination of CO and CO2. ESR spectra for trapped radicals were tentatively assigned to the components p-C6H3· and ·OCH2CH2. It is suggested that the former radicals combine to form crosslinks. Quantum yields (× 104) with 3130 A. light are: CO, 6; CO2, 2; crosslinks, 5.5; trapped radicals, 1.5; With 2537 A. light, quantum yields are: CO, 6–9; CO2, 2–3; the network formed was not characterized as to crosslinks and fractures; trapped radicals were observed to exist but not determined.


This study aims to develop a valid, practical, and effective online-based learning evaluation instrument using the Quizizz application. This research method uses the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). This study involved 12 students of class XI MIA SMA Negeri 2 Kolaka as subjects. The research instrument consisted of material validation sheets, media validation sheets, test questions and student response questionnaires. The data generated from data collection using instruments were then analyzed for validity, practicality and effectiveness. The research results obtained are: (1) the mean of material validation is 4.43 with very valid criteria, the mean of media expert validation is 4.33 with very valid criteria; (2) the mean value of the practicality of the instrument is 4.31 with very practical criteria; (3) the mean of student test results is 78.33 (83.33%) with good criteria and meets the KKM standard; and (4) the mean of student responses is 86.25 with positive criteria. So the online-based evaluation instrument using the Quizizz application meets the valid, practical and effective criteria.


Since my recent summary of activities in southern California (1931) a remarkable array of new records and notes have accumulated resulting in the present paper. To my own findings are added those of several local fern students by their kind cooperation. This paper also discusses some published accounts of many years' standing and I have endeavored to validate statements made herein by examination of the material or original description concerned. To the many fellow students and friends who have granted permission to examine collections under their charge or to publish notes therefrom, or who have in any way contributed to this paper, I express my sincere thanks. To Dr. Carl Epling, of the University of California at Los Angeles, Mr. F. R. Fosberg, now of the University of Hawaii, Miss Bonnie Templeton, of the Los Angeles Museum, Mr. G. L. Moxley, Mr. E. L. Peterson, Mr. Louis C. Wheeler, and especially to Dr. A. L. Grant and to Dr. P. A. Munz, who offered many suggestions, I am indeed grateful.


Background: Many studies have shown that health workers could be at risk of early weaning because of working conditions. The aim of this study is to determine the duration of breastfeeding and its predictors among Moroccan hospital workers and to collect their personal testimonies about breastfeeding. Methods: Hospital workers were isolated from our "Assessment of employment impact on breastfeeding practice" database. The data in the database were gathered from a cross-sectional study, conducted between November 2015 and April 2016 and which analysed 502 women from four hospitals in the capital city of Morocco. We included each woman working in the hospital, who had at least one living child and who accepted to be interviewed. We asked participants about their own experiences in breastfeeding. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 with 95% confidence intervals. Findings: Two hundred and three hospital workers aged from 24 to 60 years old and divided into six categories were included: physicians, residents, nurses and midwives, administrators and secretaries, technicians and physiotherapists, hospital cleaners. The median duration of any breastfeeding was 8 months [3-16.5]. Among different categories, physicians had a low duration compared to administrators (7 months [3-12] vs 14 months [5-20]). Factors significantly correlated to a longer duration of BF in hospital workers were the infant rank (p=0.003), the early initiation of breastfeeding (p<0.001), the access to milk storage generally (p=0.044), the husband's opinion on breastfeeding (p<0.001) and the category of hospital worker (p=0.017). Three central themes emerged from the analysis of qualitative data: "Nursing mother has to assume her work duties as any other health worker", "the expression of need for support", and "the lack of knowledge on breastfeeding". Conclusion: Physicians are a high-risk group of premature complete weaning; thus, many actions should be taken to support especially this category of hospital workers. Key-words: Hospital workers; health professionals; breastfeeding duration; Moroccan female physicians; women rights, premature complete weaning. Thèse PhD 2017/ H. HAMADA


Since the Seoul Metropolitan Subway (SMS) began operating in 1974 with the opening of Line 1 belonging to the Seoul Metropolitan Subway Corporation (SMSC), the Korean capital has shown a continuing population increase (1.8% in the 1990s) and growth in the number of road vehicles (12.4%). In 1999, the Seoul metropolitan area (11,700 km2) had a population of 21.32 million (46% of the national population of 47.54 million) and 5.14 million vehicles (also 46% of the nation's total of 11.16 million vehicles). As a result, the costs of new infrastructure required to relieve traffic congestion in Seoul and neighbouring Inchon had grown by 15.6% annually from Won1.7 trillion (US$1 = Won1200) in 1990 to Won5.4 trillion in 1999. It is estimated that the population of the Seoul metropolitan area will increase to 25.78 million by 2020, with traffic volume rising from 45 million journeys/day in 1999 to 78 million journeys/day in 2020. In 2001, the population of Seoul City alone was 10.33 mill ion and the population density was 17,062/km2. The Seoul metropolitan area has a radial road network with Seoul City at the axis. At the same time, cross-links between the rad ia l roads a re poo r, caus ing concentration of traffic in Seoul City. The rail network also falls far short of the needs of the wider region. Road traffic volumes in and out of Seoul are growing by an annual average of 5.8% while the coverage by the railway network is substantially less (41.1 km/1000 km2) than in other large developed cities.


Increasing complexity in management of immense number of network elements and their dynamically changing environment necessitates machine learning based recommendation models to guide human experts in setting appropriate network configurations to sustain end-user Quality of Experience (QoE). In this paper, we present and demonstrate a generative Conditional Variational AutoEncoder (CVAE)-based technique to reconstruct realistic underlying QoE factors together with improvement suggestions in a video streaming use case. Based on our experiment setting consisting of a set of what-if scenarios, our approach pinpointed the potential required changes on the QoE factors to improve the estimated video Mean Opinion Scores (MOS).


The article deals with the issues of mathematical modeling of technological systems that contain physical fields' sources. It is believed that in the case of a simple spatial form of the object under study, the boundary value problems will be correct. The interest lies in mathematical models for nonlinear, multilayer objects under the influence of load sources, for which, using the traditional theory of existence and unity, it is impossible to guarantee the correctness of boundary value problems. The author considers boundary value problems for systems of differential and pseudo differential equations in a multilayer medium which describe the state of the studied systems under the action of discrete load sources. The correctness of such problems is proven using the theory of distributions over the space of generalized functions. The object of research is boundary value problems for systems of differential and pseudo differential equations in a multilayer medium. The aim of the research is to build correct boundary value problems, which underlie the calculated mathematical models of the process of action of physical fields on multilayer objects. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the correctness of the parabolic boundary value problem in the space of generalized functions are obtained in the article. It is shown that its solution is infinitely differentiated by a spatial variable. The results of the research can be used to obtain the conditions for the correctness of the boundary value problem for differential equations with variable coefficients. Note that, in some cases, the correctness of the calculated mathematical models determines the correctness of applied optimization mathematical models. The application of the author's research is possible when proving the correctness of boundary value problems for a number of technological processes. The universality of the research allows to widely usage of the results obtained in this work to improve the quality of technological processes.


The effect of several adrenergic agents on low frequency electroshock seizures was studied in normal, reserpine and α-mmT pretreated mice. Seizure threshold was elevated by pronethalol and propranolol and reduced by phenoxybenzamine and isoproterenol. Both reserpine and α-mmT antagonized the threshold altering activity of pronethalol and phenoxybenzamine. Reserpine plus pronethalol or propranolol completely abolished the central stimulation induced by isoproterenol. A central adrenergic system involving antagonistic types of receptors appears to be involved.


Sensor Nodes are composed of battery which cannot be easily changed. So, it is very important to reduce energy consumption of Sensor Nodes. In this paper, we implemented Sensor Network system using changed S-MAC to save energy with Zigbee. We deceased energy consumption of node by reducing duty cycle in ACTIVE part. According to experiment, using supposed algorithm is better than using S-MAC about in energy consumption.


This paper describes the key elements of the OMII software and the scenarios which OMII software can be deployed to achieve distributed computing in the UK e-Science Community, where two different deployments for Client-Server distributed systems are demonstrated. Scenarios and experiments for each deployment have been described, with its advantages and disadvantages compared and analyzed. We conclude that our first deployment is more relevant for system administrators or developers, and the second deployment is more suitable for users' perspective which they can send and check job status for hundred job submissions.


To seize the ever growing market-share of B2 C market, Alibaba split Taobao into 3 separated parts, then, Alibaba raise the threshold to enter the Tmall, which arouse grievances of SMEs. They attacked the big sellers as the revenge, and destroyed the balance of Taobao business ecosystem. We prove the self-adaptation character of E-business ecosystem by analyzing the refund rate、complaint rate and the favorite comment rate of the TOP20 shops specialized at 3C digital products at the edge of event of SMEs attack Tmalls at the taobao ecosystem.


Self-education is gaining momentum. Today, the main challenge for universities is to launch open online courses that anyone can access. Such an initiative is a signal to educational organizations that they must rebuild their educational process. It is necessary not only to broadcast information, but also to engage in tutoring support of students, immerse them in real projects and tasks. This article highlights new viewpoints of methodology of organization of students' self - education in higher educational institution.


The subject of the present invention, as compared to the corresponding expression of human white adipocytes population UCP1, CIDEA, CPT1B, and expression of Bcl-2 is high, the expression of Bax is low, and PPARα, PGC-1α, PGC-1β , and expression of PRDM16 is similar, a functional population of human brown adipocytes. The present invention also provides a method for differentiating hMADS cellular functional human brown adipose cell population, a method for converting a human white adipocyte populations functional human brown adipose cell population, and also adjust the body weight in an individual also relates to a method of screening for a molecule capable of.


Aker Solutions AS develops and manufactures Christmas trees. A version of the Christmas tree, called Horizontal Christmas tree, makes drill through operation possible. As part of Aker Solutions AS ongoing project developing the Standard Configurable Tree, they want to include a full drill through solution for the customer. This means that drilling operations that earlier were performed prior to installation now can be done after the Horizontal Christmas tree is installed and locked to the wellhead. The advantage is reduced installation time and costs. The Horizontal Christmas tree vertical bore must be protected from the rotating drill string during drilling. A solution is to install a bushing to protect the inner surfaces. This thesis covers the development of a Bore Protector and accompanying Wear Bushings for the Standard Configurable Tree. The procedures for using the equipment are also developed in this project. To decide which requirements that it is important to fulfil, a thorough preface was conducted with inputs from experienced personnel to give the equipment appropriate design. The preface includes requirements from international standards and customer specifications, in addition relevant running scenarios are analysed. The output from the preface is a thorough product specification. In the next phase different concepts were developed and evaluated. Established modes of operation and tools were put to use in this phase to make an objective decision on which concepts to further develop. According to the given task a wear bushing is to be developed and adapted to a bore protector and to other interfacing equipment included in the Standard Configurable Tree. The preface revealed that there is no bore protector with drill through capability that satisfies requirements to Standard Configurable Tree. As a consequence, a large portion of the thesis deals with development of a satisfying bore protector. This was a necessity for the wear bushing development to be meaningful. It was done in agreement with Aker Solutions AS; see Appendix A, task description deviation for details. A bore protector and two accompanying wear bushings with belonging procedures is developed and verified in this thesis. The equipment satisfies requirements given in the product specification and is as far as possible adapted to existing equipment and running tools included by the Standard Configurable Tree. Incidentally there is a need for adaption of some running tools. Necessary design changes is investigated and presented in the report. The task is solved according to the given task. The project has also been an important learning process for the student.


High-oil maize (Zea.mays L.) is a new type maize made by human being.So far,it had made great achievements in breeding.Varieties of high oil content and basic materials have been at- tained.The newly cultivated hybrids,whose oil content reached the highest level of the world commer- cialized hybrids,but also broke though in the field of disease resistance,lodge resistance and yield po- tential.It ceombined superior quality with high yield,wide uses and high benefits together harmonious- ly,therefore,the future must be bright.


Two students from the school of engineering in Jonkoping has during the spring semester of 2018 performed a bachelor thesis. The thesis was performed in cooperation with Greenworks Tools in Jonkopi ...


On-animal suction cups with embedded hydrophones allow examination of how signals on the forehead of echolocating odontocetes relate to the internal anatomical structure and the transmission beampattern. Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) is an interesting species for this investigation due to the presence of a unique vertical groove in the middle of their forehead. In this study, a linear array of six broadband suction cup hydrophones were attached along the forehead groove of an adult female Risso's dolphin trained to catch freshly thawed dead squid in front of an eight-element far-field hydrophone array. The animal's movement was simultaneously observed using an underwater video camera. A total of nine successful prey captures were recorded. During each catch, the animal first emitted regular echolocation clicks, which quickly transitioned into buzzes (clicks with distinctively high repetition rate) until prey capture. The amplitude and relative time of arrival of these signals across all channels were ...


135. Clinical Infectious Diseases: Bacteremia and Endocarditis Background . Following the 2012 Surviving Sepsis guidelines, screening for sepsis and subsequent aggressive treatment is increasingly adopted. While a multitude of screening tools exist, little is known on patient and organizational factors that may af- fect screening. With a sepsis screening tool ( " STOP Sepsis " , SS) embedded in our elec-tronic medicalrecord (EMR) we aimedto assessthe in fl uence of these factors on sepsis screening, thus providing information on ways to improve our screening. Methods . We used retrospective data from a large urban, tertiary care hospital with a hospital-wide EMR-embedded sepsis screening program (SS). A positive screen leads to a rigorous clinical adjudication and appropriate intervention. We included all patientswho screened then strati fi ed severe sepsis and septic shock prevalence along with mortality (MORT) by year, screening location (emergency department, inpatient; ED,


OBJECTIVE
To find out why female sex is the most important risk factor for tetany, as calcium and bone metabolism may differ between the sexes.

DESIGN
Prospective study.

SETTING
Thyroid centre, Japan.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
45 men (mean age 35 years, SD 13) and 178 women (mean age 33 years, SD 12) with Graves disease treated by subtotal thyroidectomy.

INTERVENTIONS
Measurement of serum concentrations of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium, electrolytes, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25 (OH) 2D).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Mean values of these substances, together with reductions in serum calcium concentration, relative youth, increased alkaline phosphatase activity, large goitre, and increased serum TSH binding inhibitory globulin concentration.

RESULTS
Women had significantly lower calcium concentrations than men (mean (SD) 2.37 (0.13) compared with 2.43 (0.07), p = 0.003). Serum calcium concentrations correlated significantly with concentrations of 25 (OH) D (p < 0.001). 121 of the women (68%) compared with 13 (29%) of men had vitamin D deficiency as defined as 25 (OH) D < 25 nmol/l (p < 0.05). 15 patients (8%) developed tetany postoperatively compared with I man (2%, p = 0.2).

CONCLUSION
Women with Graves disease are more susceptible to calcium and vitamin D deficiency than men, which may account for the higher incidence of postoperative tetany among women with the disease.


It is springtime and for those of us who live in a cold climate, our thoughts often focus on warmer weather and plans for enjoying the summer months. For those graduating from high school, college, veterinary school, medical school, or other educational programs, spring is a time for celebration and exploring career opportunities. My family is excited to be in this category as my husband is completing his medical residency and embarking on his exciting career as a physician. Those of us who work with students are fortunate to see their excitement and enthusiasm for our profession and share in that as they complete their training, ''spread their wings,'' and take flight with their careers. The recent economic recession that occurred in the United States has certainly had an impact on the veterinary profession in terms of employment opportunities for new veterinarians and even seasoned practitioners. Job availability can be influenced a great deal by geographic area, population, whether or not there is a veterinary college in the state, and other demographics. In many states, newly graduated veterinarians are finding a challenge with being able to obtain employment in their home city or state. It can be a daunting task to find a job that is the right fit and has the criteria desired. Other factors such as educational debt accrued during training can be a big influence when deciding on employment. For veterinarians with an interest in avian, reptile, and small mammal medicine and surgery, the search for employment may come with added challenges. Many veterinary hospitals do not see ''exotics'' and those that do may already have veterinary staff with an interest in that area that prefer not to ''share'' the caseload. Some veterinary practices may not recognize the interest or need to provide avian/exotic animal care and some practice owners may be hesitant to include these patients because of the lack of knowledge or interest. Certainly for those of us in the profession who see these patients, we know the wonderful benefits of including them in our daily care. Avians, reptiles, fish, exotic mammals, and the other nontraditional patients are fascinating animals and their families are a joy to work with. To find out about the plans of new veterinarians who have an interest in avian and exotic animal medicine, I have invited 6 soon-to-be veterinary graduates to share their thoughts. These participants are veterinary students with an interest in nontraditional patient care and they have found ways during their veterinary training to include this area of veterinary medicine in their lives. The participants are Ben Hantler, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Class of 2014, North Grafton, MA, USA; Jennifer LaPierre, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Class of 2014, North Grafton, MA, USA; Stephany Lewis, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Class of 2015, North Grafton, MA, USA; Katherine O'Connor, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Class of 2014, Lansing, MI, USA; Ken Theus, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Class of 2014, Manhattan, KS, USA; and Caitlin Vandecar, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Class of 2014, Lansing, MI, USA. I am grateful to these wonderful individuals for taking the time out of their busy schedules to answer my questions. I am sure that everyone reading this round table article will find the information to be interesting and thought provoking. To this group of newly trained veterinarians I extend a warm welcome from all of us. Welcome to the veterinary work world and best of luck to you as you embark on your new adventures!


Models for viscothermal effects in catalytic converter substrates are developed for time domain computational methods. The models are suitable for use in one-dimensional approaches for the prediction of exhaust system performance (engine tuning characteristics) and radiated sound levels. Starting with the "low reduced frequency" equations for viscothermal acoustic propagation in capillary tubes, time domain submodels are developed for the frequency-dependent wall friction, frequency-dependent wall heat transfer, and porous wall effects exhibited by catalytic converter substrates. Results from a time domain computational approach employing these submodels are compared to available analytical solutions for the low reduced frequency equations. The computational results are shown to agree well with the analytical solutions for capillary geometries representative of automotive catalytic converter substrates.


This part narrates how, when anti-Semitism reared its ugly head in Poland during the 1950s, the author fled in 1958 to West Germany, another one of the striking twists in his development. Thanks to his connections with numerous German writers and key people in the mass media, he was able to establish himself quickly on the cultural scene. Indeed, it is astonishing how fast he became famous if not notorious. Through his reviews, books, and radio and television shows, he focused all his efforts on re-establishing the great humanistic tradition of German literature and became the spokesman for the renewal of this tradition on the contemporary scene. In 1972, he received the first honor of his life: an honorary doctorate of the University of Uppsala.


In 1981, more than half the mothers in the United States were employed outside the home. By 1990, it was predicted that 70% of children would have two working parents. The number has been increasing each year since World War II, and 10 times as many mothers of small children work now as did in 1945. Now it is more culturally acceptable than even before for mothers to have jobs.
 Even so, there is still a strong bias against mothers leaving their babies in substitute care unless it is absolutely necessary. Society does not yet whole-heartedly support working mothers and their choices about substitute care.
 We do not have enough studies yet to know about the issues for the infant. The studies we do have are likely to be biased or based on experiences in special, often privileged populations. We need to know when it is safest for the child's future development to have to relate to two or three caregivers; what will be the effects of a group care situation on a baby's development; when babies are best able to find what they need from caregivers other than their parents; when parents are best able to separate from their babies without feeling too grieved at the loss. In a word, we need information on which to base general guidelines for parents. For it could be that the most subtle, hard-to-deal-with pressure on young adults comes indirectly from society's ambivalent and discordant attitudes, which create a void of values in which the building and nurturing of a family becomes very difficult.


Objective To summarize the managerial experiences in the application of combined ultrafiltration and vaccum-assisted venous drainage(VAVD) in extracorporeal circulation(ECC) for congenital heart diseases operation in infants.Methods The clinical data of 72 infants [42 males and 30 females,aged 14d to 24 months(13.1±6.2 months),body weight 3.4-10(8.18±1.88)kg],who underwent operation to correct congenital heart diseases from Jan 2011 to Dec 2012,were retrospectively analyzed.Forty-four of the 72 infants were suffering from simple congenital heart diseases(atrial or interventricular septal defect),and 28 with complicated congenital heart diseases(tetralogy of Fallot,partial/complete atrioventricular canal,double outlet of right ventricle,etc.).Membrane oxygenator(Terumo Baby-RX or Maquet VKMO 10000) was used in ECC,and the volume of priming solution(Ringer lactate solution and human serum albumin) was 250-450ml.During ECC,the perfusion flow rate was 90-150ml/(kg.min),mean arterial pressure was maintained at 35-50mmHg,hematocrit(Hct) at 0.20-0.30,and rectal temperature at 25-32℃.Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate(HTK) solution was used for myocardial preservation during the operation.VAVD was routinely used in ECC with negative pressure of –10 to –30mmHg.The combined ultrafiltration technique was also routinely used,i.e.conventional ultrafiltration was applied in ECC and modified ultrafiltration was applied after ECC.Results The ECC time was 30-174(82.6±31.2)min and aortic clamping time was 6-125(51.7±30.1)min.The peripheral circulation and arterial blood gas values were normal during ECC in 72 infants,and the cardiac spontaneous resuscitation rate was 94.4%(68/72 cases).The volume of conventional ultrafiltration during ECC was 60-380ml and the volume of modified ultrafiltration after ECC was 50-230ml.After the end of modified ultrafiltration,Hct was 0.32±0.11.The volume of intraoperative red blood cell(RBC) transfusion was 0.5-2.0(1.61±0.40)U,postoperative mechanic ventilator support time was 6-74(34.1±16.6)h,and the pericardial drainage volume within 24 hours was 70-410(115.6±75.8)ml.One infant suffering from complete atrioventricular canal underwent atrial septal defect repair and mitral valvuloplasty died of respiratory and circulatory failure secondary to severe postoperative low cardiac output syndrome,and the other 71 infants recovered satisfactorily,the total death rate was 1.4%(1/72).Conclusions For low-body weight infants undergoing open heart surgery,application of combined ultrafiltration and VAVD in ECC could ensure satisfactory venous drainage and minimal priming solution volume,and provide enough perfusion flow,and maintain optimal internal environment and hematocrit.


In this specification, is a method and composition for the preparation of a sorbent composition for the sustained release ions is described. The method of organic-oxy and the nano-metal hydroxide is a step of impregnating the nanoparticle-mold. The particle size of the nanoparticles is less than about 50㎚. Adsorbent composition is a water antimicrobial. In an aspect, the organo-a boehmite nanostructures (OTBN) - mold nano-metal oxy-hydroxide is organic-mold. Adsorbent composition obtained is used as a filter in a water purifier.


The English term"ethnic group", after its introduction into China, has been accepted as "Zu Qun" in Chinese translation. However, the concept of "Zu Qun" is often unilaterally understood and over generalized in the fields of anthropology and ethnology of China. This paper discusses the accuracy of the Chinese translation of "ethnic group" into "Zu Qun" and questions the validity of its over generalized application and its replacement of the Chinese term "Min Zu" (ethnicity or nationality) considering the problems in the understanding and application of this term on the part of scholars from both the Mainland China and Taiwan. It intends to provide a new perspective on the proper understanding and application of "ethnic group", a term connoting "identification" in Western countries, and explore the existing problems of interaction in international academic exchanges


Taxes are very important role in nation-building, because about 70 percent of state revenues derived from taxes. Tax Tribunal established under Law No. 14 of 2002 has put the tax court in a position that is not independent, so a redesign of the existence of absolute tax court diperlukan.Dalam redesign of the tax court to reinforce the position of tax court as a special court under the administrative courts country and be under one roof the Supreme Court


A goal of the IPHAS survey is to determine the frequency and nature of emission-line sources in the Galactic plane. According to our selection criteria, K 3-22 is a candidate symbiotic star, but it was previously classified as a planetary nebula. To determine its nature, we acquired a low-resolution optical spectrum of K 3-22. Our analysis of our spectroscopy demonstrates that K 3-22 is indeed a D-type symbiotic star, because of its high excitation nebular spectrum and the simultaneous presence of Raman-scattered O VI emission at 6825 and 7082 angstrom, which is detected primarily in symbiotic stars.


The issue discussed in this paper is the loss of meaning for the expression `intelligence'. The term taken from everyday language has been applied to various psychological definitions, theories or psychometric tests across a period of time which has contributed to the corrosion in meaning of the original term. Attempts by science to isolate and identify the qualities or attributes of intelligence have altered if not entirely destroyed the meaning of the expression. A brief review of the history of the modern investigation into intelligence is thereby presented. Spearman as early as 1927 wrote that "in truth, `intelligence' has become a mere vocal sound, a word with so many meanings that finally it has none' (p. 14). Sixty years later, Jensen (1987) repeated the same sentiment: "For scientific purposes, then, `intelligence' can best be thrown out altogether" (p. 196). From the 14 experts who contributed their views on the nature of intelligence in an issue of the Journal of Educational Psychology in 1921, to a symposium of 25 experts (Sternberg & Detterman, 1986), there seems to be almost as many conceptualisations and definitions of intelligence as there are experts to write them. All of this indicates that respected writers in psychology find it hard to agree on either a definition of intelligence or to what extent certain factors affect it. This paper explores the issue and problems of measurement bound up in the confusion around defining the concept of intelligence. Discussion and suggestions as to how language usage around the concept might be more articulate is offered. Respected writers in psychology fin to what extent certain factors effect it. Introduction d it hard to agree on either a definition of intelligence or Spearman as early as 1927 wrote that "in truth, `intelli-


The invention discloses a waterborne epoxy zinc-rich paint modified by a nanometer conductive carbon material and a preparation method thereof. The paint is composed of a component A and a component B, wherein the component A comprises waterborne epoxy emulsion, the nanometer conductive carbon material, zinc powder, a waterborne antifoaming agent, a waterborne wetting dispersant and the like, and the component B is modified amine curing agent emulsion. The preparation method comprises: (1) preparing a waterborne slurry of the nanometer conductive carbon material; (2) adding water, waterborne epoxy emulsion, waterborne anti-forming agent and waterborne wetting dispersant into a stirred tank, stirring with a low speed to disperse uniformly, successively adding zinc powder, an anti-settling agent, the nanometer conductive carbon material slurry and the like, dispersing with a high speed to obtain the component A of the waterborne epoxy zinc-rich paint modified by the nanometer conductive carbon material; and (3) adding the component B into the component A, stirring uniformly and sieving. By employing the waterborne epoxy zinc-rich paint of the invention, the obtained epoxy anticorrosion coating modified by the nanometer conductive carbon material has excellent corrosion resistance and impact resistance.


Pancreatitis remains the most common severe complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancrea- tography (ERCP). Detailed information about the findings of previous studies concerning post-ERCP pancreatitis has not been utilized sufficiently. The purpose of the present article was to present guidelines for the diagnostic criteria of post-ERCP pancreatitis, and its incidence, risk factors, and prophylactic procedures that are supported by evi- dence. To achieve this purpose, a critical examination was made of the articles on post-ERCP pancreatitis, based on the data obtained by research studies published up to 2009. At present, there are no standardized diagnostic criteria for post-ERCP pancreatitis. It is appropriate that post-ERCP pancreatitis is defined as acute pancreatitis that has This article is based on the studies first reported in the JPN guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis. 3rd ed. JPN Guidelines 2010 (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kanehara; 2009.


Acknowledgments We acknowledge the support of the following agencies: Multiwavelength comparison of selected neutrino point source candidates 7. A. Groß and T. Messarius for the IceCube Collaboration, A source stacking analysis of AGN as neutrino point source candidates with AMANDA The detection of extraterrestrial neutrinos would confirm predictions that hadronic processes are occurring in high energy astrophysical sources such as active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursters. Many models predict a diffuse background flux of neutrinos that is within reach of the AMANDA-II detector. Four years of experimental data (2000 to 2003) have been combined to search for a diffuse flux of neutrinos assumed to follow an E −2 energy dependence. Event quality cuts and an energy cut were applied to separate the signal hypothesis from the background of cosmic ray muons and atmospheric neutrinos. The preliminary results of this four-year analysis will be presented.


Requirements for undersea systems applications have, over the past several years, forced rapid advances in lithium battery state-of-the-art. Recent technological improvements have provided safe, reliable batteries that have proven to be highly tolerant to the abusive undersea environment. Cell developments have been directed towards small cells for low, medium, and high rate applications; large low rate cells; and reserve electrolyte cells for very high rate applications such as for torpedo propulsion. The immediate goals for the further advancement of lithium battery development are: (1) cost reduction through improved manufacturing and material processing technology, and (2) expansion of the spectrum of available cell sizes and discharge rates to meet the needs of the future.


Some specific features of the forms of manifestation of demonstrative consumption in the sphere of leisure in the emerging post-modern society are analyzed. Transformation of symbolic consumption in the sphere of leisure is discussed. Some distinctive features of the sales of goods and services and the role of the personnel in the industry of leisure are analyzed. Characteristic properties of modern entertainments are revealed.


In the view of the high-growth of high-tech companies in second board,institutional investors can find the estimate of the high-tech company's stock price after the introduction of the concept of human capital coefficient.Introduced by call-back mechanism,this paper studies to maximize the interests of stakeholders,and it can devives a IPO pricing model for high-tech companies.Studies have shown that IPO pricing will be not only related with the value of the firm,but also related with transcation cost and other parameters.IPO price and underpricing are an increasing function of the internal valuation.


The motion equation with nonzero mass, invariant for weak isospin transformation, can be obtained from the Dirac equation by the adding of the Clifford pentad fifth element. The motion equation of the SU(2) Yang-Mills field components is similar to the Klein-Gordon equation with the nonzero mass.


Medicinal plants represents rich source for antimicrobial agents and thus widely used in different countries and are a source ofpotent and powerful drugs. Considering the vast potentiality of medicinal plants as antibacterial agents, a systematic investigationwas undertaken to screen the antibacterial activity of five medicinal plants


Intending to explore a new peroral controlled release dosage form using hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), an investigation was made on the disintegration and dissolution property of directly compressed tablets of dl-isoproterenol hydrochloride (IPH) held in a simple (PM) or spray dried (SDM) mixtures of HPC and lactose. A commercially available prolonged action preparation of IPH was also examined in comparison with the above preparations. The hardness and disintegration time (dissolution time in the case of SDM tablet) increased with an increase in HPC. SDM was superior in molding property, but the tablet dissolved rapidly compared with PM tablet. A double layer tablet of IPH held in 200 mg of SDM as the initial phase and 300 mg of PM as the depot phase afforded a suitable sustained release property without taking a strikingly rapid dissolution upon changing from No. 1 medium (acidic) to No. 2 (neutral), while the commercially available prolonged action preparation showed a rapid dissolution upon such the change of dissolution media. This sustained release property could be controlled by adjusting the ratio of the active ingredient in the respective layers. Accordingly, this double layer tablet seemed to be applicable to peroral prolonged action dosage forms on the basis of the consideration regarding the absorption, elimination and other properties of the active ingredient.


The use of social media in Indonesia has increased very rapidly in 2018 compared to the previous year. This makes a lot of social media made by the children of the nation appear, one of which is Paziim. Socializing on the internet is very easy to leak personal data. There are three aspects that can be utilized on online social networks (OSN) in the disclosure of private data to the public, namely the strength of the relationship (strong or weak), the type of relationship and the characteristics of one's habits. Mobile forensics is needed to analyze digital evidence on social media applications installed on Android smartphones. Indonesia through the National Standardization Agency (BSN) also issued standards related to digital forensics. Standards which are derived from ISO / IEC regulate Security Techniques - Guidelines for the Identification, Collection, Acquisition and Preservation of Digital Evidence. This standardization is known as SNI ISO / IEC 27037: 2014. From the results of cell phone forensic analysis on the Paziim application, the results found the username, coordinates, device models, and operators used by users in SQLite Web_Data and OneSignal.xml files


Geosynchronous orbit data from charged particle analyzer (30- to 300-keV electron flux) and magnetometer instruments on board the 1984-129, GOES 6, GOES 5, and 1982-019 satellites distributed in the midnight-to-dawn sector are examined during a particle injection event that occurred at 0820 UT on May 21, 1986. The injection was detected by 1984-129 in the midnight sector as a dispersionless and short-lived (duration was 9 min) event. The injected electron cloud drifted eastward and was detected by 1982-019 in the dawn sector. Meanwhile, the GOES 6 and 5 satellites were in the postmidnight sector between the satellites which measured the electron flux. They observed transient field line oscillations during the periods when the azimuthal plasma pressure arising from the electron cloud was in the postmidnight sector. It is suggested that field-aligned currents are likely to be built up preferentially by a divergence of diamagnetic currents in the region where the azimuthal plasma pressure gradient dominates. It is argued that these currents excite an azimuthally polarized transient field line oscillation.


Forth-and-back implicit Λ-iteration has been developed to solve radiative transfer (RT) problems with plane-parallel geometry in which there is a coupling of all RT equations by the scattering term included in the source function (Atanackovic-Vukmanovic, Crivellari and Simonneau 1997). Owing to the implicit representation of the source function in the computation of the mean intensities within a forth-and-back sequential treatment of the two intensities propagating in opposite directions, implicit Λ-iteration (ILI) appears to be a very efficient method in the solution of linear as well as non-linear transfer problems. In this paper ILI method is generalized and applied to radiative transfer problems with spherical symmetry. The results for the monochromatic radiative transfer in a spherical atmosphere are presented and compared to those of other authors obtained by the other methods.


The relationship between gestational age and congenital defects has not been fully studied. Previous studies have focused on birth weight, an unreliable indicator of gestational age in infants with congenital defects. We investigated the relationship between gestational age and congenital defects using data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP), a population-based surveillance system that actively ascertains birth defects diagnosed in the first year of life among infants whose mothers reside in the metropolitan Atlanta area. For this study, only live-bom singletons were included. We excluded premature infants (less than 37 weeks gestation) with isolated prematurity-related defects, such as undescended testes, inguinal hernia, patent ductus arteriosus, or persistent foramen ovale, from the analysis. Among 264,392 infants with known gestational age born between 1989 and 1995, 7852 (3.0%) had a congenital defect. Premature infants were more than two times as likely to have congenital defects than infants of term (37-41 weeks) gestation (risk ratio = 2.44, 95% C.I. 2.32-2.58). This relationship was evident for nearly all types of congenital defects. The frequency of congenital defects was highest among infants in the 29-32 week gestational age category (RR=3.39). The risk ratios were 2.66, 2.21 and 0.55, in the 20-28, 33-36 and 42-45 week categories, respectively, using the 37-41 week category as referent. Among infants with birth defects, 22% were premature. Recognition of the correlation between prematurity and risk for congenital defects may guide clinical evaluation of these infants. This correlation may have several causes, including (1) congenital defects and prematurity may share some risk factors, and (2) some congenital defects may predispose the pregnancy to premature delivery. Further study of the association between prematurity and congenital defects may provide insight into the basic mechanisms of these relatively common problems.


The invention discloses an assembly line picture comparison detection device and belongs to the field of detection devices. The assembly line picture comparison detection device comprises a liquid crystal display and an integration box and further comprises a detector, wherein the liquid crystal display is connected with the integration box through a video transmission line, the integration box is connected with the detector through a signal transmission line, and the integration box is connected with an assembly line controller. By means of the technical scheme, the rejection rate of finished products can be greatly decreased, and the assembly speed of workers is increased.


Traditional working barrel has not heat preservation,so it results in bad heat insulation and bring danger in production.So it added insulation to enhance heat preservation.It can be used widely in viscous oil recovery production.


An elastic analysis of an internal central crack with bridging fibers parallel to the free surface in an infinite orthotropic anisotropic elastic plane is carried out. A dynamic model of bridging fiber pull-out of composite materials is presented. By predigesting the dynamic model to the Keldysh-Sedov mixed boundary value problem, a straightforward and easy analytical solution is given. Analytical solutions of on the crack propagation under non-homogeneous point forces are obtained for orthotropic anisotropic body and it is utilized to obtain the concrete solutions of the model by the ways of superposition.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explain the theoretical framework of money laundering and expanded to study it from the Islamic perspective. As money laundering sustain truly "global issues" and thus should be treated as such. The purpose is to examine the conception of money laundering under Islamic law in conjunction with the discussion of Islamic law of contract; the most common methods in money laundering involving numerous cash deposits at various bank branches, followed by the purchase of a secured bank instrument, such as cashiers' check; how far is Islamic law able to provide rules, norms in protecting financial institutions, customers and the public from criminal activities?Design/methodology/approach – The paper depended on primary data. The data were procured from the Holy Quran, Prophetic Sunnah which embodied all tenets of Islamic law, and in addition, from the books of the Classical Muslim scholars.Findings – It has been revealed that Islam has initially taken great interest in the...


This paper presents the evaluation and digital mapping of forest growing stock volume (GSV) and carbon stocks of the natural park Kandry-Kul (Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia). The field observations were conducted in the process of forest surveys in 1994 and 2018. According to these materials, we identified the predominant tree species in each studied plot. Then, we produced the digital maps of GSV and carbon stocks for each study year and calculated the annual increment. The results showed that birch (Betula pendula) and pine (Pinus sylvestris) were the dominant species in the studied park. The comparison of the two maps showed that the maximum annual GSV between 1994 and 2018 occurred in areas with a fairly small GSV in 1994. These areas were characterized by young trees of different species and pines of different ages, which had not yet reached the age of maturity, when the growth of trees is significantly reduced. We found that young pine crops contributed the greatest potential of carbon sequestration, with an annual GSV of 4.2 m3/ha per year. The birch trees made a minor contribution to the sequestration potential, characterized by relatively average annual growth (1.2 m3/ha per year). The change in carbon stocks for pine stands was on average 2 t/ha per year. For birch stands, the change in carbon stocks was approximately 0.5 t/ha per year, which is 30% of the average values for the forest-steppe region. Our results provide quantitative information on the carbon accumulation rate in secondary forests under conditions of intensive recreational load.


Apparent diffusion coefficients of [Mn(phen) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] 2+ and [Mn(phen) 3 ] 2+ in Nafion layer on glassy carbon electrodes were calculated and discussed. Charge transport mechanism was qualified on the basis of voltammetric and coulometric measurements and confirmed by use of the impedance spectroscopy. Electrocatalytic activity against several reductants (glycol aldehyde, glycol acid and ascorbic acid) was examined.


The data on 210Pb and 210Po activities in French foodstuffs acquired during the last 15 years are numerous enough to derive reference values which will be usable to assess the dose to the French population due to the intake of these two natural radionuclides. The means and ranges are close to those observed in various countries and are most often higher than the reference values proposed by UNSCEAR. Mussels and oysters exhibit the highest 210Po activities of all kinds of foodstuffs, with a mean value of 27 Bq.kg−1 fresh weight , followed by crustaceans and small fish species (anchovies, mullets, sardines, etc.) with 210Po activities in the order of 3 to 10 Bq.k−1 fresh weight; cephalopods and other fish species presenting activities around 1 to 3 Bq.kg−1 fresh, close to the UNSCEAR reference value. Below these highest 210Po activities are those of 210Po and 210Pb in terrestrial kinds of foodstuffs, by decreasing order: meats (around 1 Bq.kg−1 fresh), cereals (0.4 Bq.kg−1), leafy vegetables (0.3 Bq.kg−1), other vegetables and fruits (0.1 Bq.kg−1), and milk (from 0.03 to 0.1 Bq.L−1).


This book is based on an admirable plan which has not turned out quite as well as intended. The plan was to encompass the main roots and manifestations of abnormal behaviour in Chinese societies, with sufficient reference to norms and expectations for the context of deviance to be clear and with particular attention to psychopathology. The book opens with chapters by different authorities on the historical and cultural roots of selfhood, suicide, drinking patterns, the legal status of insanity, and the healer-patient relationship. Next comes a similar number of chapters on childhood and family life, including juvenile delinquency, and then eight chapters on different aspects of Chinese psychopathology, both in the major Chinese societies and in various overseas minorities. The book was clearly designed to review everything of importance that has been written regarding the influence of Chinese culture and society on psychopathology and social deviance, and it provides a vast amount of information. Yet to this reviewer it rarely manages to convey how the


Eve Sandberg and Kenza Aquertit Mzibri argue there is a nascent gender institution that has been created in Morocco and identify the four variables that created it. In addition the authors unpack the variable of "knowledge bearers" and also argue that "legitimacy" offered through various means is critical to the creation of an institution.


Massively Parallel Systems-on-chip represent the new frontier of integrated computing systems for general purpose computing. The integration of a huge number of cores poses several issues such as the efficiency and flexibility of the interconnection network in order to serve in the best way the different traffic patterns that can arise.
 In this paper we present the CYBER architecture, an advanced Network-on-Chip (NoC) for concurrent hybrid switching with prioritized best effort Quality of Service. Compared to similar architectures, CYBER allows the simultaneous exploitation of packet switching and circuit switching, providing two different priorities to packets in order to be able to transmit urgent messages (e.g. signalling) while long-lasting transactions and huge packets congestion are present. In terms of the typical NoC metrics, evaluated on synthetic traffic representative of several application categories, their standard trend is degraded while serving both circuit and packet switching simultaneously but the architecture preserves a predictable behaviour. A CMOS 90nm implementation reveals a maximum operating frequency of about 1GHz.


Background. The role of dynamocatagenesis in oil and gas formation has been confirmed in a number of publications. However, all of them indicate that dynamocatagenesis manifestations are associated with tectonic disorders selectively. It remains unclear which morphodynamic characteristics of tectonic disorders relate to dynamocatagenesis manifestations, and which values the actual quantitative characteristics of dynamocatagenesis manifestations obtain. Research in this direction is of importance for assessing oil and gas formation in any area, particularly when forecasting unconventional oil and gas resources.Aim. To determine the reasons for the appearance of anomalies recorded in the deep zonality of the catagenetic transformation of organic matter within the Chezhen Sag of the Bohai oil and gas basin in order to understand conditions for the formation of hydrocarbons.Materials and methods. Studies were conducted at the borehole level, based on a comprehensive analysis of the latest geological, geophysical, and geochemical information obtained by the Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company.Results. At the borehole level, the dynamic type of catagenesis of organic matter was established. A structural-kinematic-age characteristic of faults, to which dynamocatagenesis manifestations are confined, was described. Actual quantitative expressions of thermal impact of faults on the rocks of sedimentary strata were determined.Conclusion. The conducted research confirmed that anomalies in the deep zonality of organic matter catagenesis are related to dynamocatagenesis manifestations, rather than to the regional immersion.


The durability of long-span continuous concrete rigid frame bridge can be damaged by prestress loss seriously.In this paper,it will focus on the testing methods of attrition parameters based on the condition that the bridges' long prestress tightwire is under big attrition loss.Moreover,the prestress attrition parameter test is carried out in Guangming Expressway in the field of study.The results show that the method can be used to determine the attrition parameter μ and k of long-span concrete rigid frame bridge effectively.


In the article titled, "Core decompression or quadratus femoris muscle pedicle bone grafting for nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head: A randomized control study" published in pages 629–635, issue 6, vol. 50 of Indian Journal of Orthopaedics,^[1] the figure legend of Figure 1 is written incorrectly. The correct Figure 1 legend should read as following:


the determination of the gap energy has been done by measuring the resistance R of semiconductor material in varied temperature. The resistivity and conductivity are affected by temperature. The resistivity will decrease and on the other hand the conductivity will rise by increasing temperature. The graph of ln σ versus 1/T will be linear with slope b = −5893, 9. It is equal to −Eg/(2kB) so can be obtained −Eg = 1, 01 eV. This result is similar to the theoretical result from the semiconductor material theory, i.e. −Eg = 1, 11 eV.


In this work, we proposed an intelligent 2-dimensional soft decision (2D SD) enabled by k-means clustering, for vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) based 112-Gbps PAM-4 and PAM-8 optical interconnection. At high modulation speed, VCSEL based link suffers from severe level nonlinearity, level-dependent noise and inter-symbol interference (ISI). For characterizing the above-mentioned three distortions, 2D signaling is performed through time-slotted mapping of PAM. Without extra requirement of Monte Carlo approach, channel conditional probability density function (PDF) can be intelligently estimated using inline data, thanks to 2D k-means machine learning. Thus, improved precision of log likelihood ratio (LLR) can be realized by additional consideration of nonlinearity, level-dependent noise and ISI. Both simulations and experiments have been carried out for proof-of-concept investigations on VCSEL and multimode fiber (MMF) links. 112-Gbps PAM-4 and PAM-8 signaling have been experimentally realized using a commercial-product-level VCSEL with 100-m MMF transmission. The results indicate significant improvement of the proposed k-means 2D SD without training using prior-known sequences.


Mauritania, with its geographical position, is a Sahelian country whose climatic and socio-economic conditions make it a dromedary breeding country par excellence. The camelin population is estimated at 1.4 million heads for a population close to 3 million inhabitants. Dromedaries play an important role in the Mauritanian economy through their supply of meat and milk, transport and other services. With the urbanization and the population growth in the country are accompanied by an increase in demand for milk and dairy products. In recent years, we have seen the growth of camelin breeding near large cities and urban centers. This developed peri-urban camelin system is for the promotion of milk which is highly prized by Mauritanians. During the night, consumers go to the outlets to buy fresh camel milk sold on site. These points of sale are easily identifiable and are generally located on the roads of urban centers. In big cities such as Nouakchott and its periphery, there is a large estimated number of 2000 to 2,500 head of dromedaries, particularly for dairy production. In dromedaries, two milking per day are practiced after stimulation of the camel by the camel. The daily production is of the order of 8 to 10 liters at the rate of 4 to 5 liters / milking. Dairy females raised in these urban centers are selected and selected from the best dairy in pastoral areas.


Abstract The semiempirical method of the Intermediate Neglect of Differential Overlap (INDO), in the program SYMSYM, has been used for calculations on perfect and imperfect corundum crystals. For the perfect crystal the periodical Large Unit Cell (LUC) model was used while the Molecular Cluster (MC) model was used in defect calculations. By means of the MC model, we have investigated the optical properties of electronic centers (F+, F, F−, FMg, F− Mg) in corundum. Calculated optical properties of these defects are compared with experimental values and new bands are predicted to exist in the absorption spectrum of Mg-doped corundum. The energy levels of F-type and Mg-impurity related centers are found to lie in the gap between the upper valence band and conduction band, as for similar centers in MgO and alkali halides.


The present invention provides financial accounting methods and systems to account for assets and liabilities. For several decades, financial accounting theory and practice has been plagued by difficulties regarding accounting for asset and liability value changes. A general solution to this problem is disclosed that serves both the ''Going-concern Earning-power'' and ''Asset and Liability'' views of income determination.


The marine diesel engine using water emulsified fuel was operated in a diesel engine plant for the electric generator on Training Ship "Nippon Maru".This practical operation was carried out 2, 063 hours of total running.However several problems such as the lack of response performance to rapid increase of electricload and difficulty in disposal of leaked emulsified fuel from fuel injection system, occured in this operation.Further more the influence of emulsified fuel to the constituent parts of diesel engine was investigated when it was overhauled and the followings were found:1) On the case of using emulsified fuel, the opening pressure of injection valve lowered always in comparison with using marine diesel fuel.2) Slight abnormal wear was observed at the fuel injection nozzle and pump plunger.3) Glassy white deposit and wrinkled traces which were caused by the water contained in emulsified fuel were found on the piston herd.


Objective To explore the effect of the operating room nursing with the procedural management. Methods The procedural management has been conducted in our hospital since 2012. Data on routine management and operating room nursing cooperation from 2011 ~ 2012 were respectively analyzed, in order to compare the satisfaction degree on operation room nursing from patients and doctors before and after the conduction of procedural management. Results The satisfaction degree on operation room nursing from patients and doctors were significantly higher in 2012(P 0.01). Conclusions Procedural management can coordinate the entire nursing process, improve efficiency, and provide high quality nursing service.


From Introduction: "The supersonic axial-flow compressor, for example, appears to offer advantages of high stage pressure ratio and height weight flows (reference 1) but problems peculiar to this compressor type have accompanied its introduction. For high single-stage pressure ratios (>4) the problem of converting the high dynamic energy to useful pressure arises (reference 2). In addition, the high tip speeds and weight flows combine to create a difficult situation for the turbine designer."


The aerospace industry is characterized by sophisticated systems level design and integration. Large and diversified companies ("systems houses") have generally supported several mainframe-based computing networks. But, as customer requirements expanded, almost every resource has penetrated the aerospace market. The engineering workstation (EWS) is no exception. Its rapid development has had a tremendous impact on the electronics industry.
Initially, the EWS was targeted for application to integrated circuit design. The semiconductor sector has experienced breakthrough as a result of major improvements in the automation of design and physicalization tasks. Now, EWSs are the catalysts for an advanced technology revolution in large systems-oriented corporations, especially those in the aerospace industry. Key EWS features, such as hierarchical design, behavioral modeling, local simulation, interactive graphics, and on-line documentation, have limited use in their fundamental forms and must be tailored for specific applications. Systems design and integration requires that the engineer look at the "big picture" for any task. Engineering workstation capability should be expanded to include more sophisticated aerospace applications incorporating new technologies.
At this point in time, EWSs are themselves no longer new. Interest is growing as engineers realize the underlying power of this technology. The difference between aerospace requirements and those in the commercial semiconductor sector are a matter of scope. The global requirements are identical:Design requirements and specifications
New technology insertion
Efficient resource communication
Efficient system utilization
Physicalization
Verification
Manufacturing and assembly
Documentation.

The dimensions added by aerospace are those of complexity and sophistication. A typical commercial product may be a personal computer. A typical aerospace product is an aircraft. The latter involves a highly integrated system designed by engineers in multiple disciplines.
EWSs, although not the most powerful computers, are by far the most flexible. Can they really be utilized in the systems environment? Theoretically, the engineer can use the EWS to access a single design database from the functional description through production. Realistically, they have not yet reached that level of integration. The perfect interface between the EWS, design methodologies, and computer resources does not exist. This goal can be summarized: sophisticated technology is needed to design sophisticated technology.
Many large systems companies support customers in the military community. EWSs are found in multiple-interface environments that serve a wide variety of potential users. The workstation immediately affords an ability to interface at virtually any point in the design cycle, so that the customer may do as little or as much of the design work as is necessary. A major challenge lies in integrating the EWS into a pre-existing, fully developed custom IC design methodology, where the EWS is expected to supplement, but not replace, existing tools.
Not every engineering environment requires the fully configured EWS. The personal computer is now a low-cost CAE alternative, at the expense of memory and processing capability. Systems engineering tools for hardware design applications, such as design capture and logic simulation, now reside on personal computers. The effectiveness of these systems over the entire design cycle or isolated segments thereof has not yet been demonstrated. A realistic engineering assessment of the PC-based EWS with respect to productivity is required.
Regardless of the task, documentation is essential. Our best ideas are lost if they are not communicated. In an industry of high technology and iterative design, failure to heed this message can severely impact a company's ability to compete. The same documentation which presents the product to the customer serves as an interactive tool for further refinement and modification of the product by the designer. Therefore, design tools should promote the execution of documentation concurrent with the design.
This presentation/panel discussion will satisfy a broad spectrum of interests for current and potential CAE/CAD users. Specifically, the purpose of the session is to provide:
Insight into the multi-faceted requirements that large systems companies must address when evaluating/applying CAE/CAD tools, especially EWS technology
Existing CAE/CAD alternatives as selected by the companies represented
User perspectives on the quality of available tools and what gaps in capability exist
A basis for influencing the direction of CAE/CAD technology development to include more sophisticated system design capabilities.
The panelists represent several major systems/aerospace corporations. They are key individuals responsible for the technical evaluation of EWS technology and its integration into their respective companies. Each panelist will present brief background information, emphasizing their involvement with current CAE/CAD technology issues and indicating future requirements. To assure a technically interesting and completely objective discussion, the panel participants have been intentionally selected from the EWS user community. They reflect diversity with respect to:
CAE/CAD applications
EWS utilized
Levels of expertise with CAE/CAD hardware and software.
The session will generate valuable user feedback to vendors about the existing industry capability and future needs.


Non-raster scanning is being widely used to increase the scanning speed of atomic force microscopes (AFMs). However, like any other AFM scanning techniques, non-raster scanning can also suffer from drift during the scanning process. This paper presents a simple novel method based on cross-correlation for the effective drift correction of non-raster Lissajous AFM scans with intersecting paths. The drift in x, y and z axes can be determined using the crossing points and repeated scans of the same features. In this paper, the general method is presented together with experimental results using Lissajous scans of two artifacts, which demonstrate that the drift in the three axes and the additional tilt can all be corrected resulting in significant improvement in the image obtained. Our drift correction method can overcome the limitations of the existing AFM drift correction methods which are usually based on extra scanning, and it exploits the crossing scan paths and four scanning cycles inherent in Lissajous scanning without using additional scans to effectively determine the three-dimensional drift using cross-correlation and least squares techniques. The drift correction method can be used with any AFMs capable of Lissajous scanning.


In this letter Crick pays tribute to the crystallographer and political activist J. Desmond Bernal, called Sage by his friends
 because of his reputation as a polymath. In the early 1930s Bernal had pioneered the use of X-ray diffraction techniques
 in elucidating the structure of biologically significant macromolecules such as proteins, at the time an undertaking of almost
 insurmountable complexity. The crystallographers and Nobel Laureates Max Perutz and Dorothy Hodgkin, mentioned by Crick,
 studied with Bernal at Cambridge University in the 1930s and were his most famous disciples. Rosalind Franklin found an enthusiastic
 supporter in Bernal, whose laboratory at Birkbeck College she joined in 1953. Crick himself had applied for a research position
 there in 1947, but was rebuffed by Bernal's secretary with the words, "Do you realize that people from all over the
 world want to come to work with the professor? Why do you think he would take you on?"


Usual human gait can be modeled as continual impact phenomenon that happens due to the topological change of the kinematic structure of the two feet. The human being adapts his own control algorithm to minimize the ill effect due to the collision with the environment. In order to operate a Humanoid robot like the human being, it is necessary to understand the physics of the impact and to derive an analytical model of the impact. In this paper, specially, we focus on impact analysis of the kicking motion in playing soccer. At the instant of impact, the external impulse exerted on the ball by the foot is an important property. Initially, we introduce the complete external impulse model of the lower-extremity of the human body and analyze the external impulses for several kicking postures of the lower-extremity. Secondly, a trajectory-planning algorithm of a ball, in which the initial velocity and the launch angle of the ball are calculated for a desired trajectory of the ball, will be introduced. The aerodynamic effect such as drag force and lift force is also considered. We carry out numerical simulation and experimentation to verify the effectiveness of the proposed analytical methodology.


My diploma thesis Space in Contemporary British Fiction will focus on the concept of space in contemporary British novel; at first, three of leading English authors will be mentioned (Ian McEwan, Graham Swift, Martin Amis), and it will briefly characterize the literary period in which their novels were published. In the chosen novels, the thesis will notice the changes of McEwan´s work towards the globalization of space. The core of interpretational analyses will be the novels The Cement Garden, The Comfort of Strangers, Amsterdam, Saturday, Solar and Sweet Tooth. The comparison with Golding´s Lord of the Flies will be a part of the chapter concerning McEwan´s first novel, The Cement Garden.


A humanoid robot player, process and associated computer programs. In the prior art, it is not humanoid robot capable of moving on his legs, to perform gestures to communicate visual signs and / or audio, to receive and interpret to derive appropriate behavior participate in a game-time facilitator questioner asked, investigator or mobile stakes of the game. the hardware architectures, internal software and software programming of the robot of the invention allow to realize these functions and create new gaming experiences in which the boundaries between the virtual world and the real world are displaced again.


In recent years, seeking new feed materials has become increasingly important because of the rising cost of fish meal in feed. Faba bean has good value of high protein content and energy values compared with wheat and other grains, and contains rich vitamin and mineral elements. Therefore, faba bean has a great potential to replace the wheat and fish meal for raw materials of fish feed. Previous studies show that adding a partial percentage of faba bean into the feed can promote the growth of the European seabass, change muscle quality of grass carp, allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, channel catfish and so on, and affect physiological and biochemical characteristics of faba bean-fed fish. However, antinutritional factors of faba bean, including polyphenols, tannins and enzyme inhibitors and others, could hinder the physiological metabolism of faba bean-fed fish. Based on previous studies, some methods including adding different proportions of faba bean in the diets of fish according to different fish or eliminating the anti-nutritional factors of faba bean and other means might enhance the application efficiency of faba bean in fish feed.


The invention relates to a kitchen utensil hand (1) comprising a longitudinal handle (2), a movable transversal blade (4) and a blade holder (3) having a shape of two fork legs (31, 32 ) to the free ends of which the movable transverse blade is mounted for rotation about a first axis of rotation (Y). According to the invention, the blade holder (3) is rotatably mounted to the handle via a pivotal connection (5) about a second rotational axis (Z) perpendicular to the axis of the handle and the first axis of rotation and is configured to rotate from a neutral position about the second axis of rotation in a limited rotation stroke extending symmetrically on either side of the axis of the handle, pivotal connection comprising elastic return means (52) for generating a return torque towards the neutral position.


Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is the technique which uses visual contents to search images from large database. Image retrieval is achieved according to the similarity of image features. Color and texture is the most important visual features. CBIR systems focused on using low-level features like color, texture and shape for image representation. The color and texture features can be extracted using global color histogram. This paper measures the performance of color and textual statistical features of an image in retrieving the similar images from the data set. The performance is measured by implementing a single CBIR system in two levels. The first level uses color features for image retrieval. The second level uses the texture features for similar image extraction. Euclidean distance is used as the distance measure of two images. It is found that the system which uses texture features retrieves the most similar images from the data set.


Introduction The Campaign "Oživi me" offered public educations on prompt bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation held in every major Croatian city, with the goal of informing as many interested individuals as possible. Furthermore, informative workshops were held on a monthly basis at the Croatian Heart House Foundation with the goal of providing a deeper insight into the importance of prompt bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation with the use of AED. Short description of practice change implemented The Campaign has successfully raised the awareness of the importance of early recognition of the sudden cardiac arrest, and prompt bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The Campaign has been accredited by several important institutions, such as the Ministry of Health, Croatian Institute for Public Health, as well as the University of Zagreb School of Medicine and the School of Dental Medicine. "Oživi me" ("Resuscitate me") has been supported by many public individuals, from celebrities to political and medical figures as well as other esteemed individuals. With its' influence, the Campaign raised a question of the neccessity of  introducting the first aid and hands only CPR into the public school system curricula. Aim and theory of change Our aim was to increase the awareness of prompt bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in general public and disseminate the importance of usage and accessibility of automatic external defibrillator (AED) devices due to unenviably low level of public awareness and lack of medical knowledge and skills of lay people. Targeted population and stakeholders Over 5000 subjects have been enrolled in various types of workshops and educations through the national health campaign "Oživi me" continuously conducted since 2014. The campaign was carried out by the student association StEPP, partnered with Croatian Heart House Foundation and supervised by the Croatian Cardiac Society. Highlights The Campaign was announced and promoted via television and other electronic media by a promotional video and media interviews and presentations. An educational poster was created with the aim of placing it in public and gathering places. Through the interactive website any individual can educate him/herself through e-learning and instructive videos on hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation and adult basic life support with the use of AED and take part in an online educational quiz. Schools and other groups can take part in a Campaign-related mini-project "School with a heart" or "Dance to the Rhythm of the Heart" as well as "Life Hotspot". As a guidance method in case of an emergency situation, a mobile application was designed to help laymen assess the victim, call for help and deliver first aid. The application also consists of quick reminder of the standard first aid assessment, and resuscitation algorithm as well as an integrated AED map. Conclusions Over 5000 laymen have been informed on early recognition and prompt first aid in case of sudden cardiac arrest. Over 70 AED devices were installed in various regions of Croatia according to the Campaign goals. Regarding to the latest feedback from the involved participants, 8 lives were saved as a result of "Oživi me" ("Reuscitate me") workshops and educations.


In this work we investigate new degrees of freedom in controlling the physical properties of structured photo-sensitive materials that can be usefully exploited in many application fields. We employ azopolymers, a class of light responsive materials, which are structured in micro-pillar array. A reversible and controlled change in morphology of a pre-patterned polymeric film under properly polarized illumination is demonstrated to provide the opportunity to engineer surface structures and dynamically tune their properties. We exploit the laser process taking advantage of the light-induced deformation of a micro-textured azopolymeric film in order to modify the surface hydrophobicity along specific direction.


Microwave-assisted extraction, integrated with column chromatography and gas chromatography with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector, was presented for residual determination of atrazine in corn. The recoveries of the method range from 92% to 104%. The relative standard deviation is between 1.47% and 4.35%. Compared with the method in China National Standards (GB/T 5009.132-2003), this is a rapid method with less solvent consumption and better precision and accuracy.


The present invention discloses a preparation method for superporous cellulose microglobulin adsorption medium, which belongs to the preparation technology of cellulose gel medium of bioseparation engineering field. The method comprises the steps of: dispersing calcium carbonate particles to the cellulose viscose to form composite water phase; putting the viscose into the transformer oil and adding composite emulsifier potassium oleate and Span 60 and then executing agitating and emulsification; heating and curing to form particles; adding ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and epichlorohydrin to execute double crosslinking reaction under alkaline condition; removing the calcium carbonate particles by using muriate acid and then using sodium borohydride to reducing so as to prepare superporous cellulose microglobulin adsorption medium. The medium not only maintains the advantages of the quondam cellulose gel medium but also increases a plurality of superporous, so that the resistance topressure, the mass transfer rate and the dynamic adsorption capacity of the medium are all obviously improved, thereby, the novel superporous cellulose microglobulin adsorption medium has wide application prospect.


Research question: What is the extent of problem of maternal mortality in a given population? Objective: 1. To evolve a rapid survey methodology aimed at measuring maternal mortality ratio. 2. To find out the probable medical causes of maternal deaths and behavioural factors associated with them. Study Design: cross- sectional. Setting: Urban and rural areas of district Mohindergarh, Haryana. Participants: Members of families in which a maternal death had taken place in last 12 months. Sample size: All 275 deaths among women 15-44 years occurring in the district from 1st April 95 to 31st March 96. Study variables: Age, gravida, parity, literacy, caste, land holding, health care facilities, distance from health centers, mode of conveyance. Statistical Analysis: Rates and ratios. Results: Maternal mortality ratio was estimated to be 275 per 100,000 live births (298 rural and 82 urban). Major causes of death were – sepsis(30%), haemorrhage (21%), abortion(5%), eclampsia (3%) and obstructed labour(3%). Twenty-nine causes of deaths occurred at home and 26% on way to hospital. Out of 59(93.7%) cases who could avail medical consultation, 61% arranged it within five hours after onset of symptoms, and 78% availed two, 21% three, and 11% four consulations. The survey was completed in three months at a cost of Rs. 54,000. Recommendations: Such rapid surveys should be carried out periodically (every 4-5 years) to monitor the progress in maternal health. Staff of heath deptt. Should be involved in carrying out these surveys. This will not only help in reducing cost of the survey but information about specific problems of maternal mortality in the area can be utilized by health staff for taking appropriate action to improve maternal health care.


We introduce the literal shuffle operation, that is a more constrained form of the well-known shuffle operation. In order to describe concurrent processes, the shuffle operation models the asynchronous case, while the literal shuffle operation corresponds to a synchronous behaviour. The closure properties of some classical families of languages under literal shuffle are studied and properties of families of languages defined by means of literal shuffle are given.


With the development of our national economy and the expansion of city, many cities takes the ecological function as the main control of project development in the process of ci-ty development . Based on the development of Yibin, this pap-er discusses the overal planning of Cuiping Mountain humani-stic landscape based on ecological function, hopes our col eag-ues to give guidance.


This paper introduces a hybrid system for modeling, learning and recognition of sequences of 'states' in indoor robot navigation. States are broadly defined as local relevant situations (in the real world) in which the robot happens to be during the navigation. The hybrid is based on parallel recurrent neural networks trained to perform a posteriori state probability estimates of an underlying hidden Markov model (HMM) given a sequence of sensory (e.g. sonar) observations. Discriminative training is accomplished in a supervised manner, using gradient-descent. Recognition is carried out either in a dynamic programming framework, i.e. searching the maximum a posteriori probability of state-posteriors along paths of the HMM, or in real time. The approach is suitable for navigation and for map learning. Experiments of learning and recognition of noisy sequences acquired by a mobile robot equipped with 16 sonars are presented.


A 78-year-old male patient arrives at the emergency department 3 hours after sudden onset of aphasia and right-sided sensorimotor hemiparesis (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale=8). There is a medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Prior medication consists of 100 mg aspirin, 5 mg bisoprolol, and 40 mg simvastatin. Initial blood glucose is 5.6 mmol/L and blood pressure is 150/90 mm Hg. Computed tomography does not reveal any pathology. Intravenous recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is rapidly administered 225 minutes after symptom onset.

There is uncertainty about how to proceed with preexisting statin treatment in the acute setting of thrombolysis. Several studies linked statin treatment with an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) after stroke, and additional studies recently indicated an increased risk for ICH after thrombolysis.1–4 This is in line with earlier epidemiological evidence showing an inverse correlation of cholesterol and ICH risk.5,6 Should statin treatment be discontinued following the principle "primum nil nocere" (Latin: first of all, do not harm)? On the contrary, there is strong evidence that discontinuation of statin therapy during acute vascular events, including ischemic as well as hemorrhagic stroke, impairs vascular function and dramatically decreases the chances of good outcome and survival.7–10 In this opinion article, we would like to make a strong case that preexisting statin treatment should not be paused or abruptly discontinued, either in acute ischemic stroke patients receiving rt-PA or in patients with acute ICH.

What is the evidence that stroke patients on statins have a higher risk of ICH? The evidence for risks and benefits of statins after stroke are mainly derived from the Heart Protection Study and the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial.1,2 A subgroup analysis of the Heart …


The swing motor is a higher precision,higher frequency scanning device.It is necessary to measure swing angle,velocity uniformity,time availability,dynamic zero repeatability accurately in the linear part.According to the optical imaging principle and the features of scanning curve,this paper introduces an optical test system which makes use of position sensor detector(PSD) to measure the dynamic parameters of the motor.The experiment shows that this method can realize the measurement of the dynamic parameters of the swing motor in the linear interval.


A broad comparative survey has been made correlating ultrastructure of cross-striated fibers with contractile properties in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Most of the muscles were found to be heterogeneous in fiber-composition as indicated by: length of sarcomere, extent of SR, number of invaginating tubules, numbers of mitochondria, etc. Z discs and M bands have markedly different structures in different fibers. The general concept of the "fibrillar" nature of striated muscle is challenged. It is suggested that following excitation the responses of individual sarcomeres, or parts of sarcomeres, are relatively independent. The possibility that all striated muscles contain a very thin elastic filament in parallel with actin and myosin, which may also be contractile, is raised.


The abundance of research on interview discrimination has resulted in the conventional wisdom that stigmatizing applicant characteristics elicit biased interview judgments. Although this finding is robust across a wide variety of stigmatized groups, and despite the social importance of this effect, currently we lack understanding of the processes driving these biased decisions. The present dissertation contributes to the literature on personnel selection by investigating the mechanisms that drive bias in the job interviewer's decision-making process. This dissertation starts by presenting an overview of the current understanding of interview bias, and highlights the challenges that need to be addressed by future research. Next, building on research from social- and cognitive psychology, a dual-process framework of interview bias is presented. Propositions from this framework will guide the present dissertation and will be investigated in several empirical studies. The introduction concludes with an overview of the chapters and empirical studies of this dissertation.


The internal combustion engine blind comprises at least one cylinder comprising a cylindrical chamber disposed in a casing, a jacket (3) insert fitted into the cylindrical chamber, and a support element fixed to the casing (40) on which the sleeve is support, the motor further including resilient means (6) forming a spring interposed between the sleeve and the bearing fixed to the housing so that the sleeve is in abutment element on said support element fixed to the housing via resilient means forming a spring.


Objective To detect the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesion and investigate its clinical significance. Methods The expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in 20 cases of normal gastric mucosa, 15 cases of intestinal metaplasia, 10 cases of abnormal hyperplasia, and 53 cases of gastric carcinoma was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results The levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in gastric cancer and precancerous lesion were different, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). The expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in gastric cancer was closely correlated with the depth of tumor invasion and metastasis (P<0.01), but had nothing to do with the degree of differentiation (P>0.05). Conclusion The expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 may be closely related with the growth and metastasis of tumor.


The randomicity of wind power brings so many impacts on safe and economic operation of power system. This paper proposed a dynamic economic dispatch model considering the influence of ancillary service market. The model accounted for the optimal scheduling for reserve besides conventional constraints. The whole reserve demand was decomposed into automatic generation control(AGC) reserve and emergency reserve, whose regulation range and cost were added to the model. A sample average algorithm was used to transform the chance constraints into deterministic ones to avoid complex convolution operation based on Bootstrap test. The corresponding deterministic nonlinear programming was solved with the sequential quadratic programming(SQP) method. The solution was tested with random experiment, and the constraints were adjusted based on in turn. Correctness and effectiveness of the proposed techniques are illustrated in IEEE 30 and 118 systems with wind farms respectively.


To identify the attended speaker from single-trial EEG recordings in an acoustic scenario with two competing speakers, an auditory attention decoding (AAD) method has recently been proposed. The AAD method requires the clean speech signals of both the attended and the unattended speaker as reference signals for decoding. However, in practice only the binaural signals, containing several undesired acoustic components (reverberation, background noise and interference), and influenced by anechoic head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), are available. To generate appropriate reference signals for decoding from the binaural signals, it is important to understand the impact of these acoustic components on the AAD performance. In this paper, we investigate this impact for decoding several acoustic conditions (anechoic, reverberant, noisy, and reverberant-noisy) by using simulated speech signals in which different acoustic components have been reduced. The experimental results show that for obtaining a good decoding performance the joint suppression of reverberation, background noise and interference as undesired acoustic components is of great importance.