A new concept of synthesizing hexagonal polyaniline (PANi) fibers with polyacrylamide (PAAm) pendants in PAAm oligomer (oligo-PAAm) colloid is proposed. The size and morphology of the composite fibers can be controlled by adjusting the synthesis conditions. A possible growth mechanism of the PANi microstructures based on typical PAAm–crystals interactions in a mild aqueous solution is proposed. The amide ligands decorated oligo-PAAm chains are able to coordinate with –C6H4–NH+C6H4NH+–C6H4–NH–C6H4–NH– sections, leading to a lower surface energy and growth along c-directions to form fibriform morphology. The fibers have uniform diameter ranging from 200 to 400 μm, and length varying from several millimeters to 6 cm. Fourier transform infrared measurement indicates that the fiber exhibits a main PANi chain with PAAm pendants, and ultraviolet–visible spectra reveal that the PANi is in high conductive emeraldine state. Acrylamide feed significantly affects the morphology, however, the conductivity and yield of the fiber depend on hydrochloric acid and potassium peroxydisulfate concentrations in the preparation process. The hexagonal composite fibers show an electrical conductivity of 2.2 S·cm−1 and yield of higher than 95%. Polymer-directed crystal growth may provide promising routes to rational synthesis of various ordered organic materials with complex form and structural specialization. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:253–262, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers


Abstract A novel route for the production of the versatile chemical building block phthalide from biorenewable furfuryl alcohol and acrylate esters is presented. Two challenges that limit sustainable aromatics production via Diels–Alder (DA) aromatisation—an unfavourable equilibrium position and undesired regioselectivity when using asymmetric addends—were addressed using a dynamic kinetic trapping strategy. Activated acrylates were used to speed up the forward and reverse DA reactions, allowing for one of the four DA adducts to undergo a selective intramolecular lactonisation reaction in the presence of a weak base. The adduct is removed from the equilibrium pool, pulling the system completely to the product with a fixed, desired regiochemistry. A single 1,2‐regioisomeric lactone product was formed in up to 86 % yield and the acrylate activating agent liberated for reuse. The lactone was aromatised to give phthalide in almost quantitative yield in the presence of Ac2O and a catalytic amount of strong acid, or in 79 % using only catalytic acid.


A graph is called 1-planar if it admits a drawing in the plane such that each edge is crossed at most once. In this paper, we study 1-planar lexicographic products. Mathematics Subject Classification: 05C10, 05C62, 05C76


The operational acceleration environments generated by flight in aerospace vehicles range from prolonged periods of weightlessness to extremely brief high‐magnitude impact forces resulting from ground landing. Complex linear and angular vibrations are produced either singly or in combination and may be superimposed on sustained accelerations, such as those produced by booster rockets. In the past, laboratory simulators have, because of technical limitations, usually tended to reproduce isolated segments of the operational environment. The next generation of simulators will provide the ability to create the high magnitude complex accelerations of operational environments for exploration of the physiologic, biomechanic, and performance changes resulting from exposure of humans and animals to these environments. In this laboratory, the SIXMODE (six‐degree‐of‐motion device) and the dynamic escape simulator, a sophisticated centrifuge, are under construction. The HICODE (high‐amplitude complex decelerator) and...


Thalamocortical myoclonus In thalamocortical myoclonus, a thalamocortical loop is involved. In both instances, CM and thalamocortical myoclonus, conduction velocity from cortex to muscles is fast: -60 m/s. Timing of muscle innervation after a cortical discharge shows a rostrocaudal lag, with muscles innervated by first cranial nerves contracting initially and those innervated by last cranial nerves contracting later. CM combines a brief (20-75 ms) contraction of both agonist and antagonist muscles.


To determine the content of Cu, Zn and Mn in chrysanthemum with flame atomic absorption, all samples were preprocessed with dry ashing pretreatmet and microwave sealed digestion method. The standard deviations of the results were calculated to examine the effect of different dissolving methods on the determinations of Cu, Zn and Mn in samples. The result shows that the method of microwave sealed digestion is a convenient and timesaving saving method with high de-gree of precision and low relative standard deviation, dry ashing pretreatmet needs complex process and usualy presents poor reproducibility. A conclution is drown that the method of microwave sealed digestion is preferable for determining the content of metal microelement in chrysanthemum and other vegetal samples.


This study, entitled "Effects of Leadership Style Conflict Management Principal and Elementary School Teacher Performance Against 19 in villages upstream pontianak Siantan north." The purpose of this study is a). to determine the effect of Leadership Style The principal of the primary school teachers' performance 19 pontianak north. b). To determine the effect of handling conflicts on teacher performance SD Negeri 19 pontianak north. This research method using descriptive. A population of 30 people. In this study using quantitative analysis using analytical tools test instruments, test classic assumptions and test hypotheses, to test the independent variable on the dependent variable. From the analyst t-test found no significant diffence between the principal's leadership style variables on the performance of public school teacher 19 pontianak the nort that has a significant probability value of 0,177 > 0,05. The researchers concluded that the duty of a teacher is not dependent on a principal's leadership style but from other factors not examined in this study, while the handling of the conflict between the variableson the performance of the teacher SD Negeri 19 Pontianak north that has a significant probability value 0,024 < 0.05 there is a positive and significant impact. It proves that a leader who can understand and use their skills to manage conflict so that it can lead to a conducive situation within the organization and  improve the performance of the teachers. Keywords: Leadership Styles, Conflict Management, Teacher Performance


The aim of this paper is to see and analyze different product development methodologies specifically on SWET Concept & Green product design Manufacturing. Companies can achieve and be benefited by waste management and material management, saving through the reuse of original product, reduce time to market, reducing human efforts and ecological risks, cost effectiveness, improving process efficiency, and creating products and processes that are Environmental friendly throughout its life. Green design system implementation in every field is very necessary as the whole world is feared of global warming. Therefore it is necessary to think about green designing process and SWET design. The main objective of green design reduce or minimize the use of non-renewable resources, Manage renewable resources to insure sustainability and reduce with the ultimate goal of eliminating, toxic and otherwise harmful emissions to the environment, including emissions contributing to global warming.


Despite its excellent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis [1], empirical fluoroquinolone (FQ) therapy has been associated with delayed initiation of appropriate treatment [2–4] and acquired resistance [5, 6] in tuberculosis (TB) patients presenting as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). A previous study conducted in intensive care unit revealed immediate mycobacteriology study may possibly prevent the delay in anti-TB treatment [7]. However, this hypothesis has not been confirmed. Empirical fluoroquinolone use for ≥7 days delays antituberculosis treatment despite immediate mycobacteriology study http://ow.ly/L8fIm


Three different dosage regimens of alfentanil were compared with boluses of fentanyl in 80 patients who underwent a variety of surgical procedures. Alfentanil given by infusion at a rate of 7.5 μg/kg/minute for 10 minutes followed by 0.75 μg/kg/minute, was shown to provide a stable anaesthetic which minimises the use of a volatile agent for surgery that lasts more than 45 minutes.


IN an attempt to identify certain strains of Penicillium isolated from New Zealand cheddar cheese and received under the label of P. puberulum Bainier, Birkinshaw & Raistrick [1936] were led to examine biochemically certain strains in the P. terrestre Jensen series. These moulds, with the exception of one strain, when grown on a Raulin-Thom glucose medium, produced in fair quantity a hitherto undescribed metabolic product for which the name terrestric acid is proposed.


The behavior of magnetic fields generated by high-frequency transverse plasmons in Kappa distributed plasmas can be described by generalized Zakharov equations, which have considered the nonlinear wave-wave, wave-particle interactions in the kinetic regime and the effects of superthermal electrons. Modulational instability of the spontaneous magnetic fields is investigated on the basis of the equations. The effect of the superthermal electrons on the modulational instability is discussed and a comparison with previous results is presented. It is shown that the characteristic scale and maximum growth rate of the magnetic fields depend on the energy density of transverse plasmons and the superthermal index κ.


Using a complex cross-ratio for studying of the Euclidean plane is a wellknown method considered in many books (see [3], [7] and [8]). This method is developed by J. A. Lester. She created systematically a complex analytic formalism for examining of triangle geometry ( see [4], [5] and [6]). The shape of triangle is a fundamental tool in this formalism. The concept of the shape was extended by R. Artzy in [1]. He introduces a shape of polygon and proves some theorems for shapes of quadrangles. In this paper, we apply shapes for studing of inscribed quadrangles and polygons, circumscribed quadrangles and quadrangles with mutually perpendicular diagonals. First, we recall some basic definitions. Details can be found in [1], [2] and [4]. We suppose that every point in the Euclidean plane is uniquely determined by a complex number, i.e. we consider the Gaussian plane. Let a, b, c, d be four noncollinear points in the Gaussian plane. The shape of the ordered triangle 4abc is the complex number c − a b− a , the shape of the ordered quadrangle abcd is the pair of the complex numbers


The sustainability concept has been widely discussed in various fields nowadays. In Malaysia, sustainability is highlighted in the 11th Malaysia Plan with the focus of improving human wellbeing, green environment, infrastructure that supports the Malaysian economic development, and the empowerment of public servants with high productivity. Sooner or later, all organizations in Malaysia will be implementing sustainability elements in their procedures. Now, it is time for libraries to be in line with this trend to ensure their existence. This study, therefore, seeks to identify the sustainability elements needed by rural libraries to sustain in the community and continuously provide information to the community. A rural library in Langkawi is the focus of this study. The staff, the user, and the non-user of the rural library were interviewed on the environmental, economic, and social sustainability elements.


Mortality prediction is a crucial aspect for insurance and pension fund companies in deciding a suitable premium. The aim of this research is to discuss a cross-country (multi-population) mortality modeling in order to obtain a better mortality prediction. This modeling is based on the multi-dimensional Buhlmann credibility approach. The expansion in this research refers to mortality rate data taken from several countries. The Buhlmann credibility theory is generally used to predict the value of a random variable in a given period in the future. In this research, prediction for years to come was done using two strategies: Expanding Window and Moving Window. For every prediction in the upcoming period, both Expanding Window and Moving Window use prediction result values as additional data to build upon the prediction model for the next year; however, Moving Window also dismisses the oldest data. The model parameter is estimated with non-parametric approach. This model is then applied to the mortality data from Japan, Sweden, and the Czech Republic. Finally, each model's performance is analyzed using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Average Mean Absolute Percentage Error (AMAPE). The result shows that the performance of the multi-dimensional Buhlmann credibility approach is satisfactory in modeling cross-country mortality rates.


By combining quantum evolutionary algorithms and simulated annealing algorithm, this paper presented a quantum simulated annealing algorithm. In this algorithm, chromosome is encoded according to the phase; This study defined the phase neighborhood space and narrowed the scope of the algorithm search. The concept of information entropy was introduced to avoid searching blindness and the expression of the angle of rotation increments based on quantum revolving door was derived to simplify the calculation process. This study adopted the Boltzmann probability distribution principle to accept the new solution and improve the search performance of the algorithm; at the same time, the mutation operation and quantum random behavior were added to prevent the phenomenon of prematurity. It has proved the global convergence of the algorithm. Function optimization problem and PID controller parameter optimization problems were simulated. The results show that the algorithm has stronger global convergence and searching ability.


In this chapter, we tackle in the same process the problems of face detection and gender classification, where the faces present a wide range of the intra-class appearance are taken from arbitrary viewpoints. We try to develop complete probabilistic model to represent and learn appearance of facial objects in both shape and geometry with respect to a landmark in the image, and then to be able to predict presence and position of the appearance of the studied object class in new scene. After have predicted the facial appearance and the geometry of invariants, geometric hierarchical clustering combines different prediction of positions of face invariant. Then, the algorithm of cluster selection with a best appearance localizes faces in the image. Using a probabilistic classification, each facial feature retained in the detection step will be weighted by a probability to be male or female. This set of features contributes to determine the gender associated to a detected face. This model has a good performance in presence of viewpoint changes and a large appearance variability of faces. Invariant Model Combining Geometry and Appearance for Facial Detection and Gender Classification From Arbitrary Viewpoints


The present invention discloses application of 2-butyl-4-chlorine-1-(2 - (1H-tetrazole-5-base) 1, 1'-xenyl-methyl) imidazole-5-carboxylic acid, 1- ((isopropoxy) carbo- acyl) methoxyl ester to preparation of the medicine used for curing injury of target organ caused by hypertension, more particularly discloses the application of the compound to the preparation of medicine used for curing left ventricle pachynsis, injury of kidney function and incrassation of aorta, thus providing hypertension patients with an effective medicine and method to cure the injury of target organ.


Guidance and counseling are the process of providing assistance to individuals or groups of individuals at every age stage so that the supervisor can understand and direct himself in accordance with the norms and norms that exist in society so that the individual feels happy and effective in his behaviour and builds his welfare. Guidance is a process that provides assistance to individuals or groups of individuals at every age stage. This study was carried out with the goals of developing web-based social media advice, implementing guidance web pages, overcoming obstacles that have been encountered, and developing students' potential. The ADDIE development research technique was used for this study's data analysis, followed by an assessment of the obtained findings. There are 80 students enrolled at a university in North Sumatra, and 12 of those students have contributed to academic mentoring at the institution. Based on the number of students who utilize the internet as a tutoring service, there are 12 students who have contributed. According to the findings of internet-based online media about university assistance, the study sample consists of eighty different students.Key Words: Social Media, Developing ADDIE


A b s t r a c t Millions of small-scale farmers efficiently supply the great majority of the meat and milk market in Africa. Surging demand for livestock products (the "livestock revolution") is an unprecedented opportunity for setting poor farmers on pathways out of poverty, but to gain maximum benefit they must be able to produce safe food of acceptable quality. Currently, most smallholder livestock products are sold in informal markets where conventional regulation and inspection methods have failed and where private or civil sector alternatives have not emerged: as a consequence, most livestock-derived food products contain high levels of hazards. Quantitative risk-based approaches for assessing and managing food safety offer a powerful new method for reducing the enormous health burden imposed by food borne disease, while taking into account other societal goals such as pro-poor growth. However, application to food safety problems in Africa has been limited. We discuss some of the constraints and a new approach which can help overcome these: Participatory Risk Analysis, and give examples of its current application in west, east and south Africa ( RASPA, 8 (S) : 3-11). K e y ‐ W o r d s : A n i m a l - S a f e t y - F o o d - R i s k a n a l y s i s - P a r t i c i p a t i o n - I n f o r m a l .


Profilins purified from Zea mays transiently enhance the viscosity of polymerizing cardiac actin at ratios (profilin: actin) < 1, but lower the viscosity at higher ratios. Specific binding of actin from the alga Chara corallina to higher plant profilins suggests strict conservation of interaction between both proteins in plants.


The disclosed invention is based on the portion for generating the reference delay signal as the local skew detection circuit of the semiconductor memory device, receiving the test signal to delay by a first delay unit delays; And receiving the test signal to enable the timing sequence of the first delay unit and to delay by the first unit 2 delays having the same delay characteristics, and generates a first delay signal, and the reference delay signal of the first delay signal detected includes the first timing detection unit for generating a first detection signal. Local Skew, Global Skew


In this paper, we introduce a nature-inspired multi- agent system for the task domain of resource distribution in large storage facilities. The system is based on potential fields and swarm intelligence, in which straightforward path planning is integrated. We show both experimentally and theoretically that the system is adaptive, robust and scalable. Moreover, we show that the planning component helps to overcome common pitfalls for nature-inspired systems in the task assignment domain. We end this paper with a discussion of an additional requirement for multi-agent systems interacting with humans: functionality. More precisely, we argue that such systems must behave in a fair way to be functional. We illustrate how fairness can be measured and illustrate that our system behaves in a moderately fair manner.


Identified are several factors that contribute to the vulnerability of infrastructure distribution systems during unusual event, such as September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. The paper focuses on: sources of vulnerability; reducing vulnerability to extreme events through undergrounding and co-location of infrastructure; infrastructure configurations: lessons learned from September 11 attacks.


In the formal derivation and proof of binary tree algorithms, Dijkstra's weakest predicate method is commonly used. However, the method has some drawbacks, including a time-consuming derivation process, complicated loop invariants, and the inability to generate executable programs from the specification. This paper proposes a unified strategy for the formal derivation and proof of binary tree non-recursive algorithms to address these issues. First, binary tree problem solving sequences are decomposed into two types of recursive relations based on queue and stack, and two corresponding loop invariant templates are constructed. Second, high-reliability Apla (abstract programming language) programs are derived using recursive relations and loop invariants. Finally, Apla programs are converted automatically into C++ executable programs. Two types of problems with binary tree queue and stack recursive relations are used as examples, and their formal derivation and proof are performed to validate the proposed strategy's effectiveness. This strategy improves the efficiency and correctness of binary tree algorithm derivation.


Objective To observe theperipheral blood white cell in Graves (GD) mice and mouse bone marrow count Bax,Bcl 2mRNA expression and its side effects Yiqiyangyin decoction.To discuss the mechanism of yiqiyangyin decoction to merger leukopenia.Methods The gene gun modeling established mouse model of GD,after the application of Chinese medicine Yiqiyangyin decoction,observe the theperipheral blood white cell in mice and mouse bone marrow count Bax,Bcl-2mRNA expression.Results 30 days after treatment,the Chinese medicines board of peripheral blood white cell count in mice and mouse bone marrow Bax,Bcl-2mRNA expression and model group were significantly different (P 0.01).In peripheral blood white blood cell count,the traditional Chinese medicine high-dose group was significantly superior to traditional Chinese medicine low dose group and middle dose group (P 0.01) ;Bax mRNA expression in mouse bone marrow,the low-dose group was significantly superior to traditional Chinese herbal medicine dose group,high-dose group (P 0.01) ;the expression of bone marrow Bcl-2mRNA in mice,the high-dose group was significantly superior to traditional Chinese herbal medicine dose group,low-dose group (P 0.01).Conclusions yiqiyangyin decoction has a better therapeutic effect to Graves disease combining with leukopenia.


Non‐invasive determination of mitochondrial capacity via near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) typically involves voluntary exercise of a single muscle group followed by as many as 26 brief ischemic cuff occlusions to determine a single recovery rate constant (k).


Manycore GPU architectures have become the mainstay for accelerating graph computations. One of the primary bottlenecks to performance of graph computations on manycore architectures is the data movement. Since most of the accesses in graph processing are due to vertex neighborhood lookups, locality in graph data structures plays a key role in dictating the degree of data movement. Vertex reordering is a widely used technique to improve data locality within graph data structures. However, these reordering schemes alone are not sufficient as they need to be complemented with efficient task allocation on manycore GPU architectures to reduce latency due to local cache misses. Consequently, in this article, we introduce a software/hardware co-design framework for accelerating graph computations. Our approach couples an architecture-aware vertex reordering with a priority-based task allocation technique. As the task allocation aims to reduce on-chip latency and associated energy, the choice of Network-on-Chip (NoC) as the communication backbone in the manycore platform is an important parameter. By leveraging emerging three-dimensional (3D) integration technology, we propose design of a small-world NoC (SWNoC)-enabled manycore GPU architecture, where the placement of the links connecting the streaming multiprocessors (SMs) and the memory controllers (MCs) follow a power-law distribution. The proposed 3D SWNoC-enabled software/hardware co-design framework achieves 11.1% to 22.9% performance improvement and 16.4% to 32.6% less energy consumption depending on the dataset and the graph application, when compared to the default order of dataset running on a conventional planar mesh architecture.


A famous travelling salesman problem, appearing simple to state but complex to solve, has been widely investigated and various algorithms have been proposed. In this article, mixed integer linear programming of python (MIP) is used to model this problem with varying input data. The result shows that with small input data the modelling code of MIP executing quickly and converging to optimal value, while large scale input data require plenty of computation time; thereby algorithm improvement as well as parallel implementation are suggested.


Cross-linking of leukocyte Fc receptors specific for IgG (FcyRs) by multivalent IgG complexes triggers a wide range of immune functions. Many of these responses can also be stimulated in vitro using anti-FcyR monoclonal antibody-containing complexes. This observation has suggested that cross-linking is the key event and that binding of IgG, which in itself does not elicit a response, is functionally passive. However, in this study we show that binding of monomeric IgG to the human high affinity receptor, FcyRI, is itself sufficient to permit the receptor to enter an internalization-recycling pathway, which has a small intracellular pool. Unoccupied FcyRI is not internalized and recycled in this manner. This finding may be explained by the previous observation that there is a physical association between FcyRI and the cytoskeletal component, actin-binding protein (non-muscle filamin; ABP-280), which is disrupted upon IgG binding. Thus, in the absence of IgG, FcyRI may be physically excluded from the endocytic pathway by tethering to the cytoskeleton. The role of cross-linking is to divert FcyRI-IgG complexes from the recycling pathway, causing their retention and subsequent degradation within the cell. In contrast to FcyRIImediated  endocytosis,  intracellular  accumulation  of cross-linked FcyRI-IgG complexes is not sensitive to inhibition by genistein, suggesting that the process i independent of tyrosine kinase activity.


This research outlines a strategy for increasing K Commerce's awareness of the brand in Indonesia's competitive eCommerce landscape, specifically in the Jabodetabek region. An integrated marketing communication approach combining segmentation, targeting, positioning, values laddering, and the PDB triangle is offered using Kotler's STP model and differentiation concept. The findings of the study highlight a positioning and differentiation approach based on customer centricity, trust, innovation, and enjoyment. The importance of optimal content, context, and infrastructure is emphasized. Proposed taglines capture K Commerce's brand spirit, and the marketing communication strategy devised plans to overcome the awareness-appeal gap, placing K Commerce as a top brand choice among Millennials and Generation Z. This research will be used to improve K Commerce's awareness and position in eCommerce.


The purpose of the study was to examine cognitive development (using the Bayley MDI) and mother–child interaction (using the Emotion Availability Scales, 3rd edition) among infants of opioid‐abusing mothers. Participants were 87 dyads (15 opioid‐exposed, 15 maternal depression and 57 unexposed mother–infant dyads). The study group included 15 infants (mean age=7.0 months, sd=2.8 months) of mothers who participated in buprenorphine‐replacement therapy. Study variables were evaluated during the second half of the first year and compared with the infants of depressed (mean age = 8.06 months, sd =2.4 months) and nonabusing mothers (mean age = 9.96 months, sd =2.9 months). The opioid‐exposed infants earned the lowest Bayley‐II MDI scores. Furthermore, they scored the lowest in infant involvement. The role of environmental risk factors, in turn, was highlighted in that the opioid‐abusing mothers scored the lowest in maternal sensitivity, structuring and nonintrusiveness. Maternal childhood foster care and criminal record were significantly related to lower sensitivity and higher intrusiveness. Finally, the environmental risk status of the opioid‐exposed infants was further underlined in that there were more separations from the mother in the end of the first year as well as an elevated risk for physical abuse.


Cross-sectional dependence in panel data can significantly aect the inference about slope parameters. Existing procedures test however for cross-unit dependence per se. Based on the principle of information matrix equality tests of White (1982, Econometrica 50, 1-25), we propose directed tests for no crosssectional dependence. The new tests essentially check whether there is cross-unit dependence that is momentous for the variance of OLS slope parameter estimators and thereby for standard inferential procedures. The tests rely on suitably weighted sample residual cross-covariances or cross-correlations, and are in this sense a generalization of Pesaran's (2004, CESifo Working Paper 1229) test for cross-sectional error dependence. We derive the joint N;T asymptotics of the proposed tests, which, under the null, follow asymptotic chi-squared distributions without restrictive sphericity or distributional assumptions. Moreover, the relative rates at which N and T grow to infinity are only mildly restricted. We use Monte Carlo simulation to gauge the finite sample power of the directed tests and compare it to extant procedures. The performance of the proposed tests in terms of size and power is good, even when the number of cross-sections is decisively larger than the number of time observations. When using the outcome of the directed tests to decide whether to use panel-robust standard errors or not for inference on slope parameters, the slope parameter tests are not aected. They are, however, aected when using alternative cross-dependence tests for such decision: the use of generic error cross-correlation tests may induce serious size distortions in slope parameter tests and lead to wrong conclusions in applied work.


This paper discusses the problem of modified projective synchronization between two identical unknown hyperchaotic Chen systems by using adaptive control, while identifying the unknown parameters of the response system. Firstly, the numerical simulations are given by using Matlab to show the feasibility of the proposed method. As an application, the proposed scheme is then applied to design the analog circuit by EWB, which obtained the same results with that of MATLAB. Finally, the results further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed chaos synchronization scheme and parameters identification method.


Coronavirus disease 2019 is a respiratory infection that has evolved to a pandemic with an enormous burden both on human life and health care. States throughout the world have pursued strategies to restrict the transmission of the virus in the community. Health systems have a crucial dual role as they are at the frontline of the fight against the pathogen and at the same time they must continue to offer emergency and routine health services. The provision of health care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic finds certain barriers. The simultaneous protection of both universal health coverage and health care efficiency is a difficult task due to conflicting challenges of these two goals. Key actions need to be decided and implemented in the fields of health policy, operation of health services, and clinical interaction between health personnel and patients, so that health care continues to perform its mission in a sustainable manner. As the scientific community prepares for the widespread production and application of effective protective and therapeutic agents against COVID-19, it is vital for the general population to remain safe and for the health systems to survive. Allocation of resources and priority setting need to be applied fairly and efficiently for the achievement of the maximum benefit.


Corporate social responsibility is one aspect of sustainability that defines 'corporate voluntary actions designed to improve social or environmental conditions.' This voluntary action leads to the publication of separate special purpose 'sustainability' reports. Now a day's corporate seek independent assurance of their sustainability reports as a means to further enhance the credibility of their sustainability efforts. One such assurance provider is the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI). In order to become a member of the DSJI, corporate are assessed on the opportunities and the risks related to economic, environmental, and social dimensions. In this paper an attempt has been made to identify Asia Pacific sustainability leaders as identified by Dow Jones Sustainability Asia Pacific IndexSM through a corporate sustainability assessment. It was found that none of the Indian companies have ever qualified for a position in this index.


Research on the school to work transition (STWT) tends to privilege either young people's voices or employers. The current project adopted a relational perspective, exploring two under-researched populations in STWT research: young people from the 'missing middle', choosing work rather than university following the end of compulsory schooling; and small business managers. A qualitative, multi-modal approach (using interviews, drawings and photographs of organisational artefacts) was adopted. Thirteen young people from a school and further education college in areas of relative disadvantage in England drew pictures of their occupational possible selves and support networks prior to the STWT. Seven small business managers drew pictures of young people entering their workplace straight from school. A critical discursive psychological approach was used to aid interpretation of participants' talk about their drawings, looking at why (via dominant Discourses young people and managers reproduce and resist), along with how (via discursive devices used for positioning) identities are shaped in the STWT. Contributions focus on the STWT as a discursively contested and relational space, with potential for the reproduction of social inequalities and unequal power relations. Findings suggest that young people reproduce and resist dominant careers, aspiration-raising and meritocratic Discourses as part of their construction of future occupational possible selves, generating richer feared-for as opposed to hoped-for selves. Support prior to the STWT appears nuanced, with individuals positioned on the 'inside' (family, teachers, friends) or 'outside' (careers advisors). Findings also suggest that small business managers discursively 'other' young people in apparently positive and negative ways, reducing them in general to a 'less than' category. Othering is further interpreted as a form of paternalistic leadership discourse, used to relate to young people in work. The study offers several practical applications to support a range of actors across the STWT, including critical discourse interventions and career counselling tools.


A correlative investigation of income level and some environmental hygienic parameters among the people inhabiting in Chhaygaon Revenue Circle, Kamrup district, Assam has been incorporated in this study. Economic status influences the environmental hygienic condition which then directly or indirectly influences health condition within the different communities living in the selected zones of the study area. An attempt has been made to establish relationship between income level and some environmental hygienic parameters such as types of house, types of toilet, sources of drinking water, types of fuel, waste disposal system, food hygiene and livestock hygiene. Results of the present study reveal the fact that the hygienic status is not very conducive to health in the study area and the environmental hygienic status of people with the higher income level is satisfactory in comparison to the people with lowest income level. However, if their standard of living can be improved there would be major benefits for their health, hygiene and welfare.


Nineteen handicapped pupils, 15 of sensory-neural and 4 of mixed type hearing loss of 45_??_60db, were educated with the use of hearing aids, speechreading and visual educations for the past two years. The results of the investigations are as follows: 1) Effects of hearing aids and speechreading. The use of hearing aids brought much better im provement of hearing discrimination in 12 pupils, fairly good in 5 and poor in 2. Combination of speechreading with hearing aids helped more to improve hearing discrimination. 2) Educational achievement. Nine pupils who had two years' education all showed considerable educational progress. 3) Results of speech correction. Seven of 19 pupils showed articulation disorders. Speech correction on them proved to be effective with the use of hearing aids. 4) Intelligence test. Mental ability of pupils were assessed by means of WISC test (modified for Japanese use). Pupils whose I.Q. were below 90, were reluctant to all the special educational procedures mentioned above. Author concluded that the children who have both an average hearing loss 45--60db and the normal intelligence, should be eligible for the class for the hard of hearing.


Microbially mediated anaebic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled with sulfate consumption within the sulfate methane transition zone (SMTZ) in marine sediments is a widely recorded biogeochemical reaction and has profound influence on the atmospheric CH4budget, marine carbon cycle and composition of sediment pore fluids. Recognizing the paleo‐SMTZs in the marine sediments/rock records can throw light on the variation of paleo‐methane fluxes and occurrences of cold seep (H2S + CH4) events through geologic time. Here, we present results from carbonate carbon, pyrite sulfur and molybdenum analyses for two sediment cores overlying the methane hydrate deposits in the Bay of Bengal. The results show intimate association of isotopically depleted carbonate carbon and enriched pyrite sulfur, constraining the paleo SMTZ within the sediment column. In addition, anomalous enrichments of Mo concentrations indicate hydrogen sulfide seepage events. Here, we propose a geochemical tool using C‐S‐Mo sytematics to decipher the paleo‐SMTZs in marine sediments and rocks.


Guiding ideology and planning principles of Donghua Manor were described.With green economic development as its premise,the development and display of local historical texture as its support,and the production forest as its keynote,the overall planning of Donghua Manor was conducted to form a green farmyard leisure space based on a full utilization of its original landform and vegetation,which can provide a green activity place of integrating the functions of fruit picking,farm leisure,national sightseeing,sci-tech demonstration and texture display into one for tourists.


This paper investigates the extent to which a public source of random bits can be used to obtain private random bits that can be safely used in cryptographic protocols. We consider two cases: (a) the case in which the part privatizing random bits is computationally more powerful than the adversary, and (b) the case in which the part privatizing random bits has a small number of private random bits. The first case corresponds to randomized hard functions and the second variant corresponds to randomized pseudo-random generators. We show the existence of strong randomized hard functions and pseudo-random generators. The randomized pseudo-random generator takes as input an exponentially long random string from a public source and a polynomially long private random string and outputs an exponentially long string which looks random to any adversary circuit of exponential size. The construction is very efficient and has provable safety. As a side effect, it is shown that relative to a random oracle P/poly is not measurable in $EXP$ in the resource-bounded theoretical sense and a very strong separation between sublinear time and $AC^0$ is obtained.


Edmund Spenser is the most famous non-dramatic poet in the English Renaissance period,but his sonnet sequence Amoretti displays a strong dramatic propensity.This paper analyzes the dramatic characteristics of Amoretti with the elements of theatre: dramatic language,dramatic structure,dramatic character depiction and dramatic conflicts.With the use of these dramatic devices,the poet successfully enhanced the dramatic effects of Amoretti,brought its theme into bold relief and gave it infinite artistic charm.


In this paper, a new method is proposed to improve the classification performance of hyperspectral images by combining the principal component analysis (PCA), genetic algorithm (GA), and artificial neural networks (ANNs). First, some characteristics of the hyperspectral remotely sensed data, such as high correlation, high redundancy, etc., are investigated. Based on the above analysis, we propose to use the principal component analysis to capture the main information existing in the hyperspectral images and reduce its dimensionality consequently. Next, we use neural networks to classify the reduced hyperspectral data. Since the back-propagation neural network we used is easy to suffer from the local minimum problem, we adopt a genetic algorithm to optimize the BP network's weights and the threshold. Experimental results show that the classification accuracy is improved and the time of calculation is reduced as well.


Jets in relativistic heavy-ion collisions (HICs) interact with the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), leading to effects such as a suppression of jet yields and a modification of internal jet structure that are used to measure the properties of the QGP. These proceedings show the inclusive jet nuclear modification factors in Pb--Pb collisions in various centrality classes at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV recorded with the ALICE detector for resolution parameters up to $R$ = 0.6 for momenta down to 40 GeV/$c$. The analysis utilizes machine learning techniques to correct the large background in HICs, extending the measurement of inclusive jets to lower jet $p_{T}$ and larger $R$ than previously achieved in HICs at the LHC. A new suite of measurements characterizing groomed jet splittings using both the Soft Drop and Dynamical Grooming algorithms in central and semi-central Pb--Pb collisions will also be presented. The groomed jet radius, $\theta_{\rm g}\equiv R_{\rm g}/R$, the groomed jet momentum fraction, $z_{\rm g}$, and the transverse momentum of the groomed splitting, $k_{\rm T, g}$ are also reported. All measurements are fully corrected through unfolding and compared to various theoretical calculations.


This article is based on the materials of the study of Ekaterinburg teachers' attitude to the Unified State Exam (USE). The survey data include 529 teachers' responses in the city of Ekaterinburg in 2016, as well as materials of аll-Russian research center of public opinion during the period from 2006 to the present. The attitude towards the exam was revealed through a series of questions related to its objectivity in comparison with the other criteria to assess the outcomes of educational activities, procedures, violations and the need of psychological training of students before the exam. A general tendency was noted: during this period the awareness about the procedure of the exam is increasing, and yet increases the proportion of respondents showing negative attitude to the exam. In general the study showed that the teachers of Ekaterinburg are positive about the exam and about the latest innovations associated with it. The authors compared the opinions of teachers of different age groups: under 40 years of age and after 40 years of age, and also teachers from ordinary schools and prestigious school (lyceums, gymnasiums and schools with advanced study of the subject).


This paper presents two new type cold plates,whose liquid passages are respectively S-shape with fins and screw shape.The temperature and flow fields of the new cold plates used to integrated power electronics module(IPEM)are investigated.Furthermore,the flow resistance and thermal performance of the new cold plates are compared with that of the current straight-line passage cold plate and S-shape passage cold plate.The results indicated that the convection heat transfer coefficient of the cold plate with liquid passage of S-shape with fins was obviously enhanced.The highest temperature of chips on it is 19℃ lower than that of the chip on the straight-line passage cold plate and 23℃ lower than that of chip on the S-shape passage cold plate,when the inlet velocity and temperature are the same.


A novel chemiluminescence(CL) system was established for the determination of Levodopa(L-dopa) in pharmaceutical preparations.In acid medium,Fe3+-H2O2-calcein-1,10-Phenanthroline system can produce a significant chemiluminescence.It was showed that a comparatively inhibitory effect in CL signal was observed when L-dopa was added to the reaction system.The experimental parameters that affected the CL intensity were investgated.The decrease extent of the CL intensity was of a good stoichiometrical relationship with L-dopa concentration.Based on this,a new method for determination of L-dopa using flow injection chemiluminescence technique was developed.Various factors influencing the CL system were investigated and the possible mechanism was also discussed.Under the optimal conditions,the linear range for L-dopa concentration was 2.0×10-8 ~ 2.0×10-6 mol.L-1 with a detection limit of 1.2×10-8 mol.L-1,the relative standard deviation was 1.1%for 2.0×10-7 mol.L-1 L-dopa(n = 11).This method was successfully used in the determination of puerarin in injection,The method was applied to the determination of L-dopa in injection with satisfactory results.


Diabetic nephropathy remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the diabetic population (1). This occurs not only as a result of the development of end-stage renal disease but albuminuria and impaired renal function also are major risk factors for premature cardiovascular disease in both forms of diabetes (2). Thus, strategies that can attenuate or prevent the development of diabetic renal disease remain as the major aims in the optimal management of the diabetic patient. In this issue of the journal, a report from a Norwegian group provides promising data suggesting a reduced risk of nephropathy in a group of patients with type 1 diabetes diagnosed more than 20 yr ago who were recently reassessed with respect to the presence of microvascular complications (3). In that study, it was suggested that the risk of nephropathy has decreased further over the past decade, although the exact explanation for this improving prognosis remains to be fully determined. Historical studies from the Steno center performed in patients more than 20 yr ago suggested that almost one half of patients with type 1 diabetes would develop renal disease, as assessed primarily by urinary albumin excretion (4). Subsequent studies in Denmark confirmed a gradual reduction in the prevalence of nephropathy, as assessed by both micro and macroalbuminuria, over the ensuing decades (5). The gradual decline in diabetic nephropathy was reported more than 10 yr ago in a Swedish study when it was shown that there had been a progressive reduction in the development of persistent albuminuria in subjects with type 1 diabetes diagnosed between 1966 and 1980. The current Norwegian study (3) reports on subjects diagnosed at a similar time between 1973 and 1982 and confirms those findings, emphasizing the changing nature and outlook of diabetic complications, including nephropathy, over the past three decades. Indeed, it appears that this improvement has ultimately translated to a stabilization or reduction in diabetic subjects entering renal replacement programs. Specifically, data from the Danish National Registry Report on Dialysis and Transplantation (6) described a 15% decrease in the number of diabetic patients referred for dialysis or transplantation since 2002, halting and possibly reversing an inexorable increase in diabetic patients on renal replacement therapy that has been seen over the past few decades. It remains unknown as to why there appears to be a decrease in diabetic renal disease. It is likely that it has occurred as a result of improved treatment, with several investigators suggesting that it is the multifactorial and more intensive approach now widely used in the management of diabetic patients that has been the main explanation for this phenomenon (6, 7). The Steno 2 study clearly demonstrated in subjects with type 2 diabetes that an approach involving improved glycemic control, widespread use of inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system and lipid-lowering agents was associated not only with reduced progression of albuminuria but also with a decrease in other complications (7). This strategy is also likely to have been useful in patients with type 1 diabetes, although the multifactorial approach has not been specifically examined in this population. Furthermore, as recently described in an inception cohort study of subjects with type 1 diabetes diagnosed between 1979 and 1984 who were followed at the Steno hospital, glycemic control and blood pressure are major predictors for the development of renal disease (8).Nevertheless, the positive findings of intensified glycemic control as clearly demonstrated in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (9), the convincing evidence of angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibition in subjects with early or overt renal disease (10, 11) and the benefits of statins on cardiovascular disease in subjects with type 1 diabetes in the Heart Protection Study (12) provide the rationale for a multifactorial approach in the type 1 diabetic patient. A major issue remains as to the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms that are responsible for the development and progression of diabetic complications such as nephropathy. Increasingly it is appreciated that metabolic and hemodynamic factors not only promote the development of nephropathy but also may interact to amplify renal injury (13). For example, metabolic factors such as advanced glycated


Background: In Asia, Solanum nigrum fruit is traditionally used to manage, control, and treat diabetes. Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the endothelium and nitric oxide roles in Solanum nigrum-induced vasorelaxation in non-diabetic and diabetic rat vessels. Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced by a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin. Eight weeks later, superior mesenteric arteries of non-diabetic and diabetic groups were isolated and perfused according to the McGregor method. Solanum nigrum fruit extract (SNE) at concentrations of 0.00001 to 0.6 mg/ml was added to the medium and perfusion pressure was recorded. Results: Baseline perfusion pressure of diabetic group was significantly higher than non-diabetic rats in both intact and denuded endothelium. The low concentrations of SNE have vasodilatory effect in the diabetic and non-diabetic, but high concentrations of SNE produce initial significant contractions, followed by secondary relaxations in normal and diabetic rats. We observed vasorelaxation at low and high concentrations of SNE in both diabetic and non-diabetic groups after endothelium denudation. SNE-induced vasorelaxation in diabetic group is mediated by both endothelium and smooth muscle, but the relaxatory effect of SNE in non-diabetic group is not mediated by endothelium, and SNE has direct action on the smooth muscle. Conclusion: Although the part of SNE-induced relaxation in diabetic vessel was mediated by endothelium, nitric oxide didn't play any role in this action, and maybe we can use SNE in the management of diabetes vessel complications in future.


Tillandsia viridiflora (Beer) Baker is an epiphytic bromeliad endemic to Mexico, and the destruction of its habitat and illegal trade have led to its inclusion in the list of endangered species in NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. For its commercial use as an ornamental plant, a massive propagation system is required. In vitro plant tissue culture techniques are an option for producing large numbers of plants. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal conditions to regenerate plants in vitro by direct organogenesis and acclimatize them. Organogenesis was evaluated in Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP, 0.0 and 8.8 µM) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 0.0 and 2.1 µM) from in vitro seedlings germinated in MS medium with 50% of the salt concentration. Shoot groups were placed in MS medium with gibberellic acid (GA3, 0 and 5.77 µM) to promote elongation. Shoot rooting was evaluated in MS medium with 50% of the salt concentration added with NAA (0.00 and 2.15 µM) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0.00 and 2.15 µM). During acclimatization, we evaluated two plant heights and two types of substrates: peat + perlite (1:1) and pine bark (Pinus). We established a completely randomized design and the data obtained were analyzed with ANOVA; the Tukey test was used for the comparison of means. Germination was 82% in five weeks. In the organogenesis, 10.4 shoots were induced per explant with 6.65 µM of BAP and 0.5 µM of NAA, and the multiplication resulted in 13 shoots with 4.4 µM of BAP and 0.5 µM of NAA, both cases in 12 weeks. The largest elongation (1.5 cm) of the shoots occurred by adding 5.7 µM of gibberellic acid; and the highest number of roots (2.4 roots per plant) resulted from adding 1.0 µM NAA. In acclimatization, survival was 100% with 4.5 and 6.5 cm plants planted in peat+perlite and pine bark.


This essay explores differences in aesthetic response scales for popular illustrations. A total of 254 subjects participated in this study, which involved answering a questionnaire consisting of 7-point scales by using a computer device. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of variance, and exploratory factor analysis. The principle findings were as follows: First, popular illustrations seemed to elicit some interest and a little novelty, and the aesthetic evaluation was positive in most responses. Second, except for one affective factor—preference—and two cognitive factors—interest and meaning—the ratings of most factors involved in the aesthetic evaluation were higher among adults than among adolescents. The coordination between cognition and affection evoked by the aesthetic processing of visual stimuli might be the true key to understanding the generational differences in the perception of popular illustrations. Third, the ratings for apprehending complexity among females were significantly higher than those among males. The converse was true of the scores for apprehending activity, and activity presumably played an important aesthetic role among adolescents. In conclusion, this research provides a preliminary examination of the aesthetic responses to popular illustrations; however, it has some limitations that can be addressed in future studies.


Micro-Doppler is an unique feature of micro-motion targets and can be used as an important basis for target recognition. This paper first analyzes the micro-motion of helicopter main rotor, derives and establishes a three degrees of freedom micro-Doppler echo signal model based on the scattering point model, and simulates the micro-Doppler characteristics. Secondly, it uses time-frequency analysis combined with image processing method, extracting skeleton of time-frequency diagram. Then, the computation of inverse Radon transform reduced by using gold-segmentation algorithm. Finally, the improved inverse Radon transform is used to extract the micro-Doppler feature of the echo, and the target feature of the helicopter main rotor is high precision extracted. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the method.


The development of the belief to the Marxism has not been linear but its development is doomed to the spiral of twists and turns in various crisises and dilemmas and often follows the development patterns that is status—crisis—regeneracy…At this time,some wrong practice result in the faith crisis,which is the essence of the faith crisis to the Marxism,and it also shows that if we want to solve the crisis to spiritual level,we should not just strengthen publicity and education,what is more,we must solve effectively various social contradictions and questions in practice.That means we should persevere in,develop and carry out Marxism successfully;strengthen the Party's construction so as to consolidate the Party's foundation;enhance the appeal of publicity of the belief to the Marxism so as to produce emotional resonances to people;adhere to the principle of the equalization of strain between the belief to the Marxism and other faiths and handle the relationship correctly between Monism and Pluralism.


This paper discusses the migration result of different frequency wavefields in both crosscorrelation and deconvolution imaging conditions by the construction of attenuation coefficients which are based on the receiver-source energy ratio.The distribution characteristics of the receiver-source energy ratio can be used to overcome the instability in the deconcolution imaging condition if the nominator approaches to zero,and smooth both the receiver and the source wavefields.If the receiver-source energy ratio exceeds a reasonable range,it will lead to illumination irregularity in the migration results.The ideas in this paper can be used to improve the migration processing,and to guide the illumination technology of making the amplitude correction in the migration results.


American education's most challenging problem in the latter half of the 20th century is indisputably in the large cities. Achievement test scores show that children in the central cities lag consistently behind the average in educational attainment. The concern over elimination and unification of small, rural, inefficient school districts has now been overshadowed by the controversy over the organization and adminis tration of large metropolitan school districts such as New York, Wash ington, D.C., Chicago, and Los Angeles. Questions about quality of instructional programs and adequate educational expenditures are being raised as much in the cities with their large industrial tax base as in the poor communities of the South. The so-called crisis in urban education appears to have materialized in the last few years, contemporaneously with our concern over civil rights .ind poverty. In effect, the crisis is in the center of our urban areas, in the ghettoes populated by the poor and the minority groups. But the fact that children of minority groups and/or low-income families do not do as well in school as middle-class Caucasian children is not a new problem nor a sudden discovery. Educators have long known that there is a strong correlation between a student's educational achievement and his socio-economic background. Statistics in California show that the child from a disadvantaged back ground has traditionally achieved at the rate of .7 of a year for every year of instruction. This means that the disadvantaged child falls fur ther and further behind, at the rate of three months for every school year. Thus, at the end of the third grade, he is already a full year behind


Major category of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. T his category deals with theories and practices designed to prevent the development of illness, identify and treat risk factors, or support of healing and recovery processes. It is concerned with integrated approaches for the prevention and management of chronic disease-in-general (DIG) or the common determinants of chronic disease. Qeios · Definition, February 2, 2020


In today's rapidly changing and developing information and communication technologies, competition is intensifying, and the level of competence of leaders and professionals is becoming a key factor in science, technology and industry. In order to bring up a young generation with independent thinking, intellectual potential, deep knowledge and a modern outlook, able to take responsibility for the fate and future of the Motherland, it is necessary to professional development in the continuous professional development of the school leader is at the same time important and relevant


The objective of the study was to search for relationships of the influence of the perception of obesity on the relationship of partners, social interaction and fears, both in the family and work environment, in women from Tepic, Nayarit; Mexico. The research was based on the theory of Callista Roy. This theory had the meaning of identifying how the perception of its obesity in the relationship of pair, social interaction and fears influences, taking as reference the focal, contextual and residual stimuli. The method of work was structured with a qualitative perspective, with a qualitative and interpretative approach. Women were selected from that locality and a semi-structured interview was carried out in depth, later the recorded speeches were transcribed, an inductive analysis of the interpretative type was carried out to generate categories and to search for relations that had influence in the previously described objectives. The findings suggest that women who are obese have a perception of their altered body image that negatively influences their relationship, social interaction and fears. Apparently the obesity that each of the interviewed women has has repercussions of disapproval on their body image, a situation that makes them have conflicting relationships in the relationship.


The slicing problem is to partition a partially-ordered collection of values into a given number of totally-ordered disjoint sets - slices - so that each slice contains a predefined fraction of values that are greater than those in the previous slice and smaller than those in the next slice. In this paper, we investigate a decentralized variant of the problem, which we encountered in our experiments with wearable low-power wireless devices. In this variant of the problem, each mobile device has a local value and, by opportunistically communicating with other devices, has to autonomously assign itself to an appropriate slice, depending on how its value compares to the values of others. We propose an algorithmic framework for this setting, within which we investigate several techniques that can potentially be employed to solve the slicing problem. We then empirically study the advantages and drawbacks of such solutions in low-level simulations and on a testbed of 80 low-power wireless devices.


While idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains the exemplar progressive fibrotic lung disease, there remains a cohort of non-IPF fibrotic lung diseases (fILD) which adopt a similar clinical behaviour to IPF despite therapy [1]. This phenotypically related group of conditions, where progression of disease is similar to that seen in IPF, have recently been described as progressive fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (PF-ILD) [2]. Historically, treatments for these cases have been limited though given the phenotypic similarities many cases may have been given a multidisciplinary working diagnosis of IPF based on their disease behaviour [3]. The INBUILD trial broadened the scope of treatable fILD by demonstrating a significant benefit of Nintedanib in patients with fILD and progressive disease [4]. In response to this the European Commission approved an additional indication for nintedanib in adults for the treatment of PF-ILD in July 2020. Almost 15% of new referrals with non-IPF fibrotic ILD go on to develop a progressive fibrotic phenotype and would benefit from antifibrotic therapy https://bit.ly/3uPhClN


H ybrid Intelligent Systems that combine knowledge based and artiicial neural network systems typically have four phases involving domain knowledge representation, mapping of this knowledge into an initial connectionist architecture, network training, and rule extraction respectively. The nal phase is important because it can provide a trained connectionist architecture with explanation power and validate its output decisions. Moreover, it can be used to reene and maintain the initial knowledge acquired from domain experts. In this paper, we introduce three new rule extraction techniques. The rst technique extracts a set of binary rules from any neural network regardless of its kind (MLP, RBF etc.,). The second technique extracts partial rules that represent the most important embedded knowledge in a trained network. The delity of the second technique is adjustable to the desired level of knowledge extraction. The third technique is a comprehensive and universal approach. A rule evaluation technique that orders extracted rules based on three performance measures is then proposed. The three techniques are applied to the iris and breast cancer data sets. The extracted rules are evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively, and compared with those obtained by other approaches.


Transition from the role of passive student to medical practitioner begins with learning the first clinical skill. This transition can be stressful for those experiencing it and to some extent by those coordinating it. Logistically, it requires demonstration of thc techniques to the entire class by a single practitioner or to smaller groups of students by multiple practitioners. The fonner reduces the opportunity for close observation of technique and is less conducive to questions, while the latter requires multiple practitioners, which can be prohibitive given their already dense schedules. To reducc thc stress for all involved and to maximize learning oppOliunities, an innovative approach to teaching the first skill, vital signs measurement, was developed. Small group instruction and practice were facilitated by senior medical student volunteers in a simulated outpatient clinic using actual equipment. Instruction was provided in a relaxccL but guided fonmlt. Students were provided with a lesson plan that detailed both, technique and brief physiology points, as well as check sheets to use during the lab and later as a relj'csher guide. The lesson plan, instructions for facilitators, and student check sheets were developed by a senior medical student and reviewed by the course faculty. Recruitment and briefing of student facilitators and conduct of the lab were also performed by the senior student. The purpose of this trend article is to describe the development of a new coursc format and to report our experience with implementation of the nc\v format. It is intended to spark interest in applying similar approaches to other curricular issues. The transition from passive medical student to medical practitioner begins with ]earning the first clinical skill, a process that includes a teaching session, an opportunity to practice the skill. and the first visit to a clinical setting. At the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), hands on skills development occurs in the Introduction to Clinical Medicine (lCM) course that runs concurrent with the basic science cUlTiculum. At UAMS, ICM is a required two-year course to teach preclinical medical students the skills, knowledge, and attitudes that are fundamental to clinical mcdicine. The need for hands on skills development early in the first year of medical school is cmphasized, and students are taught techniques for vital signs measurement within the first month of the tlrst ycar of their mcdical education. Although students attend a weekly lecture series, the strcngth of the first-year course is sma]] …


This article traces three stages in the consolidating process of U.S. hegemony in Puerto Rico since 1898, during which time the island has been subjected to intense Americanization but has managed to maintain a strong national cultural identity. There have been greater transformations in the area of family and sexu- ality during this period than is generally acknowledged, with a greater emphasis on legal marriage and the nuclear family as op- posed to the consensual unions and extended family patterns still prevalent today in the rest of the Hispanic Caribbean. With the support of U.S. social policy, legal marriage was reinforced as a sign of respectability, upward mobility and whiteness, and as a way of Puerto Ricans distancing themselves from the backward Other label imposed by the colonial order. Structural changes such as migration, urbanization and industrialization also promoted transformations in the family, as reduced family size throughout the Caribbean shows. But I would argue that the ideological changes imposed by U.S. hegemony definitely contribute to the dramatic decline in consensual unions in Puerto Rico in compari-


Business succession belongs to a crucial challenge for family owned businesses. This study investigates on the asymmetric influences on satisfaction in takeover-process of the successor and the incumbent. The empirical results are derived from n=216 incumbents and n=387 successors. Our findings indicate that the influencing factors on satisfaction differ significantly from the senior generation to the next generation. Whereas for the predecessor the willingness of the successor to take over has the highest impact on satisfaction, the trust of the predecessor in the successor is most important for the latter one. This shows the importance of not only considering both stakeholders in conducting family business research, but also which factors should be considered by both parties more carefully when taking over.


We analyze the channels through which the exchange rate af- fects nal consumer prices. We compare advanced countries with one emerging economy, Brazil, to determine the corresponding ex- change rate pass-through and its channels. A key aspect to the exchange rate pass-through is the relative importance of tradables in the consumption basket as well as the share of imported inputs. Since non-tradables are usually cheaper in developing economies, the share of non-tradeables is smaller in theses countries. We il- lustrate this scenario using data from Brazil vis-a-vis a group of advanced economies.


As the depth of mines increases, the in situ stress increases gradually, resulting in increasingly demanding requirements for the support strength of coal-mine roadways and making it more difficult...


We present an open-source, extensible software which assists in the development of CAD geometric algorithms based on Boundary Representation data structures. The software is coupled with OpenCascade library which is an open-source geometric modeling kernel offering a broad range of modeling operations for the development of multi-purpose CAD systems and utilities. The new software serves as a framework for constructing geometric modeling algorithms. We provide several examples of geometric utilities developed with the help of the present framework. Furthermore, our software offers some advanced facilities for inspection of geometric and topological structures of existing CAD parts which can be imported from any popular CAD system.


A simple one‐pot approach based on the "benzyl alcohol route" is used for the preparation of benzoate‐ and biphenolate‐capped zirconia and, benzoate‐capped Eu‐doped zirconia nanoparticles. Powder X‐ray diffraction studies and high‐ resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) showed that the nanoparticles present high crystallinity and uniform particle sizes ranging from 3 to 4 nm. FT‐IR and solid state NMR (SS‐NMR) studies revealed that the nanoparticles are coated with a large amount of organic species when the reaction temperature is above 300 °C. It was found that the alcohol used as solvent is oxidized at the surface of the nanoparticles to the respective carboxylic acid which acts as a stabilizer, controlling the nanoparticles growth. The optical properties of these hybrid nanoparticles were studied by room and low (12K) temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy, time‐resolved spectroscopy and absolute emission quantum yield. The as‐synthesized benzoate‐ and biphenolate‐capped nanoparticles exhibit interesting emission properties in the UV and blue spectral regions together with values of emission quantum yields much higher than those reported for zirconia nanoparticles of similar size. The photoluminescent properties were attributed to a cooperative effect of the capping ligands and the defects associated to the ZrO2 nanoparticles. Due to the overlapping of the various emission components involved (i.e., the emission of europium(III) intra‐4f6 transitions, defects in the zirconia and capping ligands) a tunable emission color ranging from purplish‐pink to greenish‐blue could be obtained for the europium‐doped zirconia nanoparticles by simply selecting different excitation wavelengths.


Breaking news of patient's death to the relatives is one of the most difficult responsibilities of the health professionals, for which they are rarely trained. A cross sectional study was conducted to describe the experiences of residents at a tertiary care hospital. Data was collected from the residents who had completed at least six months of residency in the clinical departments using a pretested questionnaire. A total of 72 residents were included in the sample. Most of the times, the residents disclose the news of death in the corner of the ward or outside the ward. Very few residents (15%) always sit, ask relatives to be seated (33%) or switch off the mobile during their communication (6%). A majority (92%) maintain eye contact. A total of 31 (43%) residents reported to address the deceased by name, 57 (79%) answer all their questions & 41 (57%) tell the relatives about their role in patient management. As far as communication strategy was concerned, only 17 (24%) residents said they always ensured that they were not alone during such communications and 49 (68%) said they always had to prepare the relatives for dealing with other practical matters. A total of 59 (82%) residents reported to feel guilty, 61 (85%), residents said that such communication was stressful while 21 (29%) reported a sense of fear. Out of the 72 residents, 24(33%) reported to have experienced a violent reaction from relatives on at least one occasion. The study also documented the suggestions of the residents regarding the Do's and Don'ts and high risk situations which could evoke violent/strong reactions from relatives. There is a scope to improve the communication skills and develop an effective strategy for such communication amongst the resident doctors. Training programmes incorporating the study findings and suggestions of the residents should be organized for the residents.


............................................................................................................................................. v List of tables ...................................................................................................................................... xi List of figures ................................................................................................................................... xii List of abbreviations ....................................................................................................................... xiv Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... xv Chapter


Laboratory experiments of backing fires with slope (–60 to 0°) and wind (–4.5 to 0 m s–1) were carried out in fuel beds of dead Pinus pinaster Ait. needles and straw at a 0.6-kg m–2 fuel load, evaluating rates of spread and flame geometry. Wind velocity measurements inside and above the fuel beds were also carried out. Increase in fuel moisture content decreased the ratio between downslope and level-ground rates of spread (ROS). The ROS decrease with slope angle followed by an increase agreed well with flame geometry data that provided an estimation of the amount of radiation reaching the fuel bed. Features of slope backing fire behaviour could be reasonably estimated based on no-slope fire spread rate. Evidence was found that fuel moisture influenced the ROS of backing fires with wind, despite with an effect opposite to that of slope. Reduced penetration of air into the fuel beds explains the small ROS variation and results suggest that for an increasingly deep fuel bed, the mean ROS tends asymptotically to the no-wind ROS.


Polymer coating of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) particles produces a 'stealth' Ad5 (sAd5) that confers protection from immune recognition, blocks receptor‐mediated uptake, and favours uptake into pinocytic cells.


The reaction of 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan 1 with pyridinium ylides 2 affords σ-CC bonded Meisenheimer complexes 3. The structure of these adducts is studied by n. m. r. spectroscopy and X-ray structure analysis.


having continuous electrical actuator for heating and air valves with a housing (1) having a valve port (2), with an actuator (3), with an electric control member (5) for controlling the actuator (3), with a microprocessor (6) for controlling the electrical control member (5), with an analog-digital converter (7) which converts a control voltage (UY) in a predetermined polarity and value range into a bit pattern, having a power supply means (8) for the microprocessor (6), with a ground terminal (N) and a supply voltage terminal (24 VAC) is connected, wherein the supply voltage of the control voltage deviates and having a type recognition device (9) with two control inputs (U-Y1, U-Y2), the polarity and value range the control voltage (UY) detects and in accordance with the control voltage type controls the microprocessor (6) with a control input (U-Y1 or U-Y2) with the control voltage (UY) is acted upon, as by in that said type detection means (9) evaluates the charging both control inputs (U-Y1, U-Y2) for the type detection acted upon that in each case one or both of the control inputs (U-Y1, U-Y2) with the control voltage (UY), and only one control input (U-Y1, U-Y2) of the respective other control input (U-Y1, U-Y2) is supplied with a predetermined potential (N or 24 V ~) upon the application, and that the actuator at each charging both control inputs (U-Y1, U-Y2) exerts its control and / or control function.


ABSTRACT 4-bit linear relations play an important role in cryptanalysis of 4-bit crypto S-boxes. 4-bit finite differences have also been a major concern in cryptanalysis of 4-bit S-boxes. In linear cryptanalysis of the concerned 4-bit crypto S-box the existences of all 4-bit linear relations have been counted for all 16 input and corresponding 16 output 4-bit bit patterns and noted in linear approximation table (LAT). The count of existing finite differences from each element of output S-boxes to distant output S-boxes has been noted at the difference distribution table in differential cryptanalysis of 4-bit S-boxes. In this paper, a brief review of these two cryptanalytic methods for 4-bit S-boxes has been introduced in a very lucid and conceptual manner. A new cryptanalysis technique to search for the existing 4-bit linear relations for a particular S-box in which the search is limited to find the existing linear relations out of total 256, 4-bit linear relations has been reported in this paper. Another is to find the number of balanced difference BFs in difference output S-boxes of a 4-bit output S-box. The better the number of balanced BFs, the better the security.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a flexible wiring board whose warpage is suppressed and increase in thickness is suppressed.SOLUTION: A flexible wiring board includes: a base material 20 including conductive layers 23 and 25 and a base part 21, which has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a first insulating film 27 covering the first surface of the base material and having a first opening 27a; a first insulating material 37 formed inside the first opening 27a, having a connection port 37a to expose the conductive layer 23, and having a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than the first insulating film 27; a second insulating film 29 covering the second surface of the base material 20 and having a second opening 29a overlapping with at least a part of the first opening 27a in a plan view; and a second insulating material 39 formed inside the second opening 29a and having a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than the first insulating film 27.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3


Purpose- Companies have to open up to new markets in order to develop and increase their competitiveness in the face of globalization and technological revolution. Target market selection is an important issue that needs to be addressed with priority in terms of efficient use of resources. Methodology- The problem of market selection is a multi-criteria decision-making problem due to its nature which requires the evaluation of different and sometimes conflicting criteria in the decision-making process. In real life problems decision makers' choices and point of views can be vague which led to the development of fuzzy methods. The Fuzzy VIKOR method considers the uncertainties in the decisionmaking process, setting a compromise solution that provides the maximum group benefit for the majority and minimum individual regret for the opponent. Findings- In this study, Fuzzy VIKOR method is used to select primary market selection with the decision makers' from 8 fresh fruitvegetable exporter companies and a compromise solution is found. Conclusion- In this study, Fuzzy VIKOR method is used to determine the target market selection for fresh fruit-vegetable companies. As a result of the evaluations made with the 8 exporting firms in the fresh fruit and vegetable sector, a compromise solution has been proposed as to which of the 5 target markets - UK, Netherlands, Saudi Arabia and Hong Kong - will be prioritized or the market will be selected in terms of expanding the existing market share.


Code recommendation has been an indispensable feature of IDE (Integrated Development Environment) for modern software developers. Android developers especially require code recommendation support to ensure high development efficiency and quality, as Android applications are developed based on Android application framework and thus are more pattern-based. Many techniques and tools have been developed to support code recommendation in different ways. However, it is not clear how these techniques and tools can be used in Android development and whether Android development can be well supported by them. In this paper, we present a qualitative review on code recommendation techniques and tools with the focus of support for Android development. We first categorize code recommendation techniques and tools reported in literatures and then evaluate them towards the requirements of Android development. The evaluation results enable us to draw a comprehensive image of how code recommendation benefits Android development and also the deficiencies of state-of-the-art code recommendation techniques in meeting specific requirements of Android development. Based on the evaluation, a comprehensive discussion is presented to suggest possible improvement and future research directions of code recommendation techniques.


Many concerns were raised about the outcome of non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants compared with warfarin in subjects with atrial fibrillation and liver disease. However, the reported relationship between their efficacy and safety was variable. This meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate this relationship.


Objective To evaluate the imaging diagnosis of unilateral anomalous origin of pulmonary artery from aorta Methods 9 cases of unilateral anomalous origin of pulmonary artery from aorta were retrospectively analyzed, including clinical manifestations, X ray features, diagnostic methods, and surgical management All patients were studied with X ray plain film, color Doppler echocardiography, and angiocardiography Results All patients showed increased pulmonary circulation and cardiomegaly on X ray plain film 6 cases were missed and 3 correctly diagnosed preoperatively by color Doppler echocardiography The anomaly of all 9 cases was clearly displayed by angiocardiography Conclusion Angiocardiography is the most reliable method in the diagnosis of unilateral anomalous origin of pulmonary artery from aorta


Background: Hypertension (HT) is one of major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its combination with other risk factors, i.e. dyslipidemia, could worsen the health. The burden of CVD is now shifting to younger age, and its development is even in the earlier life period. Young adults with rare health check and lack of awareness in CVD risk factor may result in suboptimal management. This study aimed to investigate the association of persistent HT and low HDL level in 5 years follow up among young adults aged 15-25 years. Subjects and Methods: This study was done using Tw3SHH, a Taiwan population based cohort study (2002 to 2007), among young adults 15-25 years of age. HT was defined as the SBP>120mmHg and/or DBP>80 mmHg and/or respondent was told of having HT by medical personnel. HT development was classified based on their HT status in 2002 and 2007: "Non-HT (no HT both in 2002 and 2007)", "Improved HT (HT in 2002 and no HT in 2007)", "Worsened HT (no HT in 2002 and HT in 2007)", and "Persistent HT (HT both in 2002 and 2007)". HDL was grouped based on NCEP-ATP III, and the low HDL defined as HDL<40mg/dl. Exercise, fatty food consumption and smoking status were based in self-reported questions. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression model to estimate the association of persistent HT and low HDL level in 5-years. Covariates were sex, age, smoking habit, exercise habit, fatty food consumption, and HbA1C. Results: About 9.35% of 727 study subjects had persistent HT. Compared to nonHT group, persistent HT group had higher risk of having low HDL level (crude OR= 3.70; CI 95%= 1.90 to 7.2; p=<0.001; adjusted OR= 2.44; CI 95%= 1.18 to 5.03; p= 0.015). This association persisted (crude OR= 4.90; CI 95% 2.29 to 10.49; p=<0.001; adjusted OR= 2.89; CI 95%= 1.34 to 6.24; p= 0.007) in subgroup analysis among study subjects without low baseline HDL. Conclusion: Persistent HT is associated with low HDL level in 5 years follow up among young adults 15-25 years of age. Although universal screening in lipid profile among children and youth is still controversial, awareness to this condition should be raised.


The critical steps in establishing a curriculum for a two-year program in electrophotooptics training of technologists are reviewed as initiated at Foothill College, Los Altos Hills, California.


In certain new physics (NP) models, such as the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity, a strict correlation between the K_L -> pi0 nu anti-nu and K+ -> pi+ nu anti-nu branching ratios has been observed, allowing essentially only for two branches of possible points, while in other NP frameworks, such as the general MSSM or warped extra dimensional models, no visible correlation appears. We analyse the origin of the correlation in question and show it to be a direct consequence of the stringent experimental constraint on epsilon_K, provided that the NP enters with comparable strength and a universal weak phase in both Delta S = 2 and Delta S = 1 transitions. This happens in many NP scenarios with either only SM operators, or where the NP induces exclusively right-handed currents while the left-right Delta S = 2 operators are absent. On the other hand, if the NP phases in Delta S = 2 and Delta S = 1 processes are uncorrelated, epsilon_K has no power to put constraints on the K -> pi nu anti-nu system. The latter appears in particular in those NP models where K^0 - anti-K^0 mixing receives contributions from the chirally enhanced left-right operators. We discuss the stability of the correlation in question against small deviations from the assumption of universal Delta S = 2 and Delta S = 1 weak phases, and in the presence of non-negligible NP contributions to epsilon_K.


The performance of a laboratory scale dehumidifier has been measured under controlled laboratory conditions, yielding a maximum dehumidifier specific moisture extraction rate (SMER d ) of 7.94 kg kW -1 h -1 at 50°C and 85% relative humidity. Although we are not aware of any published data on dehumidifier systems having higher SMER d , there appears to be further scope for improvement, as the exergetic efficiency of the unit was in the region of only 4-12%.


We report the integration of palladium on the surface of a photonic crystal VCSEL for use as a hydrogen sensor. We demonstrate a shift in output power and peak wavelength in response to hydrogen concentration.


Technostress is stress that individuals experience due to their use of information technology. It is associated with critical workplace consequences including reduced productivity. While the negative consequences are well known, what is less understood is how individuals can cope with technostress to alleviate them. We report on two studies that explain how organizational IT users can cope with technostress. The first is a qualitative study conducted in the U.K., by interviewing thirty executives/knowledge workers. Here, we identified seven coping behaviors that individuals engage in, in response to technostress. The second is a survey of 846 U.S. employees who use IT in their workplace. Here, we examined the effects of these coping behaviors on the relationship between technostress creating conditions and the individual's IT-enabled productivity. We interpret our results to explain how employees and organizations can tackle technostress.


A fluid sensor chip includes an insulator substrate having amorphous carbon, having an electrical conductor, the graphite, and having an active material, the graphene or carbon nanotubes, on.


This article belongs to a limited body of scholarship concerning inclusion in the Bologna Process. The Bologna Process aims to create the European Higher Education Area with comparable higher education structures within the European Higher Education Area member states. Unlike previous research that focuses on the implementation of one of the Bologna Process inclusion-related action lines (i.e. lifelong learning, student-centred education and social dimension), this article adopts a broader lens, and investigates the evolution of the meaning of 'inclusion' in the key international Bologna Process policy documents. This article argues that there is still a lack of clarity around the meaning of 'inclusion' in the Bologna Process, and the list of underprivileged groups that the Bologna Process aims to include in higher education, is absent. This article calls for an urgent review of this problem in the Bologna Process at the European Higher Education Area ministerial conference scheduled for 2020 which will set the agenda for post-2020 work in the European Higher Education Area.


While unquestionably research on CSE education is centered in the SIGCSE conference, other venues such as the International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (Ubicomp), and the Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction (TEI), and the Conference on Interaction Design and Children (ICD) explore CS education focusing on educational play and novel off the desktop techniques for CS education. Unfortunately, this literature remains isolated from the mainstream CSE literature, and this lightning talk attempts to help contribute to rectifying this by presenting a core recent educational theory "Computational Making" and discuss its contributions to CSE.


Historians have relied for too long on written sources (the letters that Pope Martin I wrote from Cherson, as well as De Administrando Imperio) to assess the economic situation in the Crimea, especially in Cherson, during the so-called Dark Ages (7th to 9th centuries). Many still believe that that city could not have survived without shipments of grain from the outside, particularly from the lands along the southern coast of the Black Sea. Seals of Byzantine officials found in Cherson tell a different story, as they indicate commercial exchanges between the Crimea and Constantinople. If the peninsula participated in trade, something must have been offered in exchange for the goods coming from the Capital. The archaeological evidence strongly suggests that during the 8th and 9th centuries, the hinterland of Cherson, as well as the Kerch Peninsula (eastern Crimea) witnessed rapid economic development, largely based on the cultivation of crops. Silos found on several settlement sites, both open and fortified, suggest a surplus, which was most likely commercialized. If so, the closest markets were across the Black Sea, to the south, primarily in Constantinople. Other commodities, such as wine transported in amphorae, traveled in the opposite direction, across the Sea of Azov and into the interior of Khazaria. In exchange, the peninsula received shipments of grain, which were then re-exported to Constantinople. Far from relying on shipments of grain from the Capital, Cherson and the rest of the Crimean Peninsula in fact supplied Constantinople with food. Numerous vats for the production of fish sauce have been found in Cherson, and many were in operation before 900. A good deal of the garum served at tables in Constantinople between the 7th and the 9th century must have come from Cherson. The archaeological evidence therefore calls for a re-assessment of the economic situation in the Crimean Peninsula during the "Dark Ages".


Objective
To evaluate the tonic and health effects of Xuebijing injection, a traditional Chinese medicine injection, by means of corn low-nutritional mice model combined with benefit-damage index-general score (BDI-GS) evaluation system under a physiological dosage. Further, to investigate the scientific and practical benefits of the evaluation system in efficacy and safety re-evaluation of clinical traditional Chinese medicine injections.

Methods
Healthy ICR mice during growth period were randomly divided into blank control group and low, middle and high dose groups. All the mice were fed with corn diets, and treated by intraperitoneal injection once a day. The mice in the blank control group were injected with 0.4 ml 0.9% sodium chloride injection, and the mice in the low, medium and high dose groups were injected with 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 ml Xuebijing injection, respectively, for seven days. On the 8th day, the mice were killed, dissected, and took nine kinds of organs including heart, lung, thymus, spleen, pancreas, kidney, gonad and femur. The weight BDI, index BDI and the corresponding weight BDI general score (GSW) and index BDI general score (GSI) were calculated, and the serum biochemical parameters were measured.

Results
Under the physiological dose, Xuebijing injection shows good safety of continuous infusion, tonic and health effects, and slight damages on the rest of organs. More specifically, the values of weight BDI and index BDI were all higher than 9.0, and values of GSW and GSI were all higher than the basic value of 9.0. Furthermore, these parameters increased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the total protein level of (47.6 ± 4.30) g/L in the high dose groups was significantly higher than (43.18 ± 2.60) g/L in the blank control group (P< 0.05).

Conclusions
The Xuebijing injection has a lower risk for conventional usage. This injection is safe under the physiological dosage and much safer in higher dosage designed in this study. The low-nutritional model combined with BDI-GS evaluation system can be used for re-evaluating the function and safety of clinical traditional Chinese medicine injections.

Key words:
Benefit-damage index-general score system; Low-nutritional model; Xuebijing Injection; Safety evaluation


Aims: Comparison of molecular and antibiotic resistance profile methods to identify an easy method that can differentiate between strains of introduced Bradyrhizobium japonicum and the indigenous Bradyrhizobium spp. (TGx) isolates which nodulate the newly developed TGx soybean cultivars in Africa.


Experimental and theoretical evidence is presented to show that the alkoxy cations CH3O+ and C2H5O+ have surprisingly high barriers to 1,2-hydride shifts to the oxygen atom, but have very low barriers to 1,1-elimination of H2 from the α-carbon atom.


The action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to the oxidation of lipids and proteins. Peroxidation products such as 4-hydroxynonenal and other unsaturated aldehydes, and malonyldialdehyde react with thiobarbituric acid and form colour complexes (TBARS). In numerous studies it has been shown that oxygen free radicals play an important role in the toxicity of doxorubicin (DOX). Nitroxides are a group of stabile radicals that have antioxidant properties in reactions with oxygen free radicals. In this study, nitroxides were tested for the protection of heart tissue against doxorubicin-induced lipid peroxidation. Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: the control; animals injected with DOX; animals injected with nitroxides (Pirolin, 3-carbamoil-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpiroline-1-oxide and Pirolid, 3-carbamoil-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpiroline-1-oxide); and animals injected simultaneously with DOX and a nitroxide. After 4 days, the rats were anaesthetised and their hearts were removed and frozen at-70ºC. Lipid peroxidation was determined as the content of TBARS in heart homogenates. Lipid peroxidation induced by doxorubicin was attenuated by Pirolin. Pirolid was more toxic for heart tissue than Piroline, and together with DOX it displayed a pro-oxidant effect.